1 00:00:01,040 --> 00:00:04,080 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you missed in History Class from house 2 00:00:04,080 --> 00:00:13,880 Speaker 1: stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:13,920 --> 00:00:16,720 Speaker 1: I'm Polly Frying and I'm Tracy the Wilson, and I 4 00:00:16,760 --> 00:00:19,200 Speaker 1: also have a little cold, so I'm sorry if my 5 00:00:19,320 --> 00:00:24,240 Speaker 1: voice sounds not quite right. It's like a magical extra bonus, Tracy, 6 00:00:24,360 --> 00:00:27,520 Speaker 1: we don't know you're not from another dimension. Halloween is 7 00:00:27,560 --> 00:00:29,800 Speaker 1: coming and we all know that that is my favorite 8 00:00:29,840 --> 00:00:32,639 Speaker 1: time of year. And uh so last year we did 9 00:00:32,680 --> 00:00:34,800 Speaker 1: a two part episode on Elsa Anchester and the Bride 10 00:00:34,800 --> 00:00:37,720 Speaker 1: of Frankenstein and it was super duper fun, certainly for 11 00:00:37,760 --> 00:00:40,080 Speaker 1: me because I love her, and we got a raft 12 00:00:40,080 --> 00:00:43,560 Speaker 1: of fabulous Halloween costume photos from fans that dresses the bride, 13 00:00:43,880 --> 00:00:45,680 Speaker 1: and so I thought it might be fun to take 14 00:00:45,680 --> 00:00:48,760 Speaker 1: on another star of the universal horror films this year. 15 00:00:49,440 --> 00:00:51,240 Speaker 1: So get out your vampire teeth in your cape and 16 00:00:51,320 --> 00:00:54,720 Speaker 1: keep them handy because this is another two parter. Uh. 17 00:00:55,120 --> 00:00:59,760 Speaker 1: I will make no secret that I love Todd Browning's Dracula. 18 00:01:00,320 --> 00:01:02,400 Speaker 1: Uh there's a newer print of it that incorporates on 19 00:01:02,480 --> 00:01:05,920 Speaker 1: modern score, and there's early on when Renfield is headed 20 00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:08,199 Speaker 1: up through the mountains, and there's the Philip Glass string 21 00:01:08,280 --> 00:01:11,680 Speaker 1: arpeggios playing, and it just sets the scene early in 22 00:01:11,720 --> 00:01:14,080 Speaker 1: the film, and it just it literally feels like magic 23 00:01:14,200 --> 00:01:16,959 Speaker 1: to me, Like it's part of why I love film 24 00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:19,880 Speaker 1: and cinema. It's moody and it's gorgeous and the lighting 25 00:01:19,959 --> 00:01:23,000 Speaker 1: is fantastic, and I just I love I love that movie. 26 00:01:23,280 --> 00:01:28,240 Speaker 1: Um And while the lead actor is mostly associated with Dracula, 27 00:01:28,920 --> 00:01:32,360 Speaker 1: this star Bella Legosi, was so so much more. And 28 00:01:32,800 --> 00:01:34,720 Speaker 1: his name, I think when you mentioned it to most 29 00:01:34,760 --> 00:01:39,000 Speaker 1: people instantly conjures that image of this dash, dashing, sophisticated 30 00:01:39,080 --> 00:01:42,680 Speaker 1: vampire that you know, really helped spark the entire horror 31 00:01:42,720 --> 00:01:46,399 Speaker 1: film genre. But in truth, Legosi really lost more than 32 00:01:46,440 --> 00:01:49,080 Speaker 1: he gained from playing that role. Even though it made 33 00:01:49,120 --> 00:01:52,400 Speaker 1: him very famous in the United States, it also plagued 34 00:01:52,480 --> 00:01:55,760 Speaker 1: him in many ways. But additionally, I mean in in 35 00:01:56,360 --> 00:01:58,160 Speaker 1: as well as being part of an important part of 36 00:01:58,160 --> 00:02:00,760 Speaker 1: film history, his life events kind of link him to 37 00:02:00,800 --> 00:02:05,160 Speaker 1: some really interesting historical moments outside of entertainment, including the 38 00:02:05,160 --> 00:02:09,560 Speaker 1: fall of the Austro Hungarian monarchy and the transition from 39 00:02:09,560 --> 00:02:13,240 Speaker 1: silent film to talkies. His life was tragic in many ways, 40 00:02:13,280 --> 00:02:16,200 Speaker 1: but despite all that, his image really endurs is the 41 00:02:16,240 --> 00:02:19,040 Speaker 1: epitome of dapper old world charm, and so I wanted 42 00:02:19,080 --> 00:02:21,840 Speaker 1: to talk about his life this time around. So I 43 00:02:21,880 --> 00:02:24,760 Speaker 1: hope you enjoy it in our Halloween lead up in 44 00:02:24,800 --> 00:02:27,639 Speaker 1: the usual way, we will start at the beginning. Lugosi 45 00:02:27,800 --> 00:02:33,600 Speaker 1: was actually a stage name. Bella Ferreneck Deadsko Blashko was 46 00:02:33,680 --> 00:02:39,200 Speaker 1: born on October two in Lugo's Hungary. Incidentally, this is 47 00:02:39,240 --> 00:02:42,280 Speaker 1: only about fifty miles or eighty kilometers away from the 48 00:02:42,320 --> 00:02:45,320 Speaker 1: castle that was home to Vlad the Impaler, who is, 49 00:02:45,520 --> 00:02:48,880 Speaker 1: you know, the widely sided historical inspiration for a Dracula. 50 00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:52,960 Speaker 1: Bela's father was a baker and then a banker, and 51 00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:55,960 Speaker 1: these were two professions which just broke with long standing 52 00:02:56,000 --> 00:03:01,359 Speaker 1: family tradition. Yeah, his entire family had been farmers for generations, 53 00:03:01,440 --> 00:03:04,000 Speaker 1: so it was kind of unique of his father to 54 00:03:04,080 --> 00:03:07,400 Speaker 1: strake out into different fields. Uh. And as a child, 55 00:03:07,560 --> 00:03:10,440 Speaker 1: Bella attended the local school, but once he reached eleven, 56 00:03:10,480 --> 00:03:12,640 Speaker 1: he was sent to what's called the state Gymnasium for 57 00:03:12,680 --> 00:03:17,000 Speaker 1: additional education. And that was in and so, just as 58 00:03:17,040 --> 00:03:21,119 Speaker 1: a contextual note, while US listeners might associate the word 59 00:03:21,160 --> 00:03:24,480 Speaker 1: gymnasium with a sports facility, this was really basically the 60 00:03:24,520 --> 00:03:28,560 Speaker 1: equivalent of a preparatory school. The gymnasium did not agree 61 00:03:28,600 --> 00:03:32,400 Speaker 1: with young Bella after he started there. About a year later, 62 00:03:32,480 --> 00:03:35,440 Speaker 1: he dropped out and ran away. He took odd jobs 63 00:03:35,480 --> 00:03:37,800 Speaker 1: to try to make his way and eventually landed in 64 00:03:37,840 --> 00:03:41,320 Speaker 1: a small mining town. He continued to work in whatever 65 00:03:41,400 --> 00:03:44,360 Speaker 1: jobs would have him, both in the mines and assisting 66 00:03:44,400 --> 00:03:48,160 Speaker 1: anyone in the town who needed it. Yeah, he gets 67 00:03:48,160 --> 00:03:51,800 Speaker 1: points for being pretty resourceful and resilient. He was just 68 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:54,800 Speaker 1: making his way in the world as a kid, really uh. 69 00:03:54,840 --> 00:03:56,880 Speaker 1: And one of the main forms of entertainment that was 70 00:03:56,920 --> 00:03:59,840 Speaker 1: available in this mining town, which was called Rosita, was 71 00:04:00,360 --> 00:04:03,920 Speaker 1: touring theatrical troops that would visit. And these performers and 72 00:04:03,960 --> 00:04:08,640 Speaker 1: their shows just completely enthralled Bella. He is quoted as saying, 73 00:04:09,160 --> 00:04:11,360 Speaker 1: they tried to give me little parts in their plays, 74 00:04:11,400 --> 00:04:14,880 Speaker 1: but I was so uneducated, so stupid. People just laughed 75 00:04:14,920 --> 00:04:17,479 Speaker 1: at me. But I got the taste of the stage. 76 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:22,560 Speaker 1: I got also the rancid taste of humiliation. When he 77 00:04:22,640 --> 00:04:26,800 Speaker 1: was fifteen, Bella decided to give education another shot. He 78 00:04:26,880 --> 00:04:31,640 Speaker 1: moved to Sobaca, which is in Hungary, and he moved 79 00:04:31,680 --> 00:04:34,520 Speaker 1: in with his mother and sister and enrolled in school again, 80 00:04:36,279 --> 00:04:38,160 Speaker 1: but it didn't go much better than it did when 81 00:04:38,240 --> 00:04:40,920 Speaker 1: he was eleven. He found school not who his liking, 82 00:04:41,800 --> 00:04:44,599 Speaker 1: and four months into the program he dropped out and 83 00:04:44,640 --> 00:04:46,919 Speaker 1: decided he would go work on the railroad. But his 84 00:04:47,040 --> 00:04:50,520 Speaker 1: labor career on the railroad did not last too long either. 85 00:04:51,320 --> 00:04:55,560 Speaker 1: His sister, Vilma's husband, knowing that Bella really still had 86 00:04:55,600 --> 00:04:59,520 Speaker 1: this love of the stage from when he had encountered 87 00:04:59,520 --> 00:05:02,400 Speaker 1: these theater troops when he was younger, managed to get 88 00:05:02,440 --> 00:05:05,640 Speaker 1: the young actor accepted into a traveling theater troupe as 89 00:05:05,720 --> 00:05:08,960 Speaker 1: just a chorus player, so unlike the little bit parts 90 00:05:09,000 --> 00:05:11,400 Speaker 1: that he had had when he was younger, he actually 91 00:05:11,480 --> 00:05:14,160 Speaker 1: did really well this time around, and soon he had 92 00:05:14,200 --> 00:05:17,320 Speaker 1: moved from the chorus into bigger and bigger parts. He 93 00:05:17,360 --> 00:05:19,839 Speaker 1: eventually became the lead actor for the troupe and he 94 00:05:19,880 --> 00:05:23,279 Speaker 1: did really well touring Hungary as a young actor. He 95 00:05:23,360 --> 00:05:27,040 Speaker 1: was eventually accepted into the Hungarian Academy of Performing Arts 96 00:05:27,080 --> 00:05:30,640 Speaker 1: in the early nineteen hundreds, and it was around the 97 00:05:30,760 --> 00:05:34,360 Speaker 1: same time as he was focusing primarily on shakespeare studies 98 00:05:34,400 --> 00:05:38,200 Speaker 1: as his concentration and touring with with theater groups playing 99 00:05:38,240 --> 00:05:42,400 Speaker 1: a lot of really major Shakespearean roles that he kind 100 00:05:42,400 --> 00:05:45,000 Speaker 1: of officially dropped the last name blash Goo and started 101 00:05:45,080 --> 00:05:47,680 Speaker 1: using Legosi, which is of course a call back to 102 00:05:47,720 --> 00:05:51,599 Speaker 1: the town where he was born. He joined Budapest's National 103 00:05:51,680 --> 00:05:54,279 Speaker 1: Theater in nineteen thirteen, and he went on to have 104 00:05:54,320 --> 00:05:56,520 Speaker 1: a lot of success as a leading man in many 105 00:05:56,640 --> 00:06:01,160 Speaker 1: Shakespeare productions and other plays. Before we talk about the 106 00:06:01,240 --> 00:06:05,120 Speaker 1: next big chunk of his life, which involves the military service, 107 00:06:05,520 --> 00:06:07,680 Speaker 1: Let's take a brief moment for a word from a sponsor. 108 00:06:08,360 --> 00:06:11,640 Speaker 1: So getting back to the life of Bella Legosi. In 109 00:06:11,720 --> 00:06:14,800 Speaker 1: June of nineteen fourteen, so we're talking about World War 110 00:06:14,839 --> 00:06:17,760 Speaker 1: One at this point, Lugosi made the decision to take 111 00:06:17,880 --> 00:06:20,640 Speaker 1: a leave of absence from his acting career. He wanted 112 00:06:20,680 --> 00:06:23,640 Speaker 1: to enlist and fight for Hungary in the war, and 113 00:06:23,680 --> 00:06:26,560 Speaker 1: after two years of service, primarily serving on the Serbian 114 00:06:26,600 --> 00:06:30,240 Speaker 1: frontier and in Russia, he was discharged for health problems. 115 00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:32,760 Speaker 1: If you read some accounts, they say they were mental, 116 00:06:32,839 --> 00:06:35,480 Speaker 1: some just leaving his health problems. But in any case, 117 00:06:35,600 --> 00:06:37,840 Speaker 1: after his two years of service, he went right back 118 00:06:37,880 --> 00:06:41,240 Speaker 1: to work as an actor. Actors with the National Theater 119 00:06:41,360 --> 00:06:45,520 Speaker 1: were excused from military service, so the ghostie didn't need 120 00:06:45,560 --> 00:06:49,120 Speaker 1: to enlist. Once his military career it had ended in 121 00:06:49,200 --> 00:06:51,880 Speaker 1: nineteen sixteen, he was welcomed back to the National Theater 122 00:06:52,320 --> 00:06:56,120 Speaker 1: and he started The Passion as Jesus Christ. Yeah, that's 123 00:06:56,120 --> 00:07:00,360 Speaker 1: often cited as a really fine performance on a part 124 00:07:00,400 --> 00:07:03,280 Speaker 1: that it was one of his great roles in Hungary 125 00:07:03,400 --> 00:07:06,920 Speaker 1: and the nineteen teens were also seeing silent film grow 126 00:07:07,000 --> 00:07:09,880 Speaker 1: as an industry in Europe, and so Legoci kind of 127 00:07:10,200 --> 00:07:13,320 Speaker 1: transitioned his acting career onto film. He was also still 128 00:07:13,360 --> 00:07:17,520 Speaker 1: doing theater, but his involvement was not just as an 129 00:07:17,600 --> 00:07:21,559 Speaker 1: artist in either area. He also organized a trade union 130 00:07:21,600 --> 00:07:23,880 Speaker 1: for film actors in Hungary and this was actually the 131 00:07:23,880 --> 00:07:27,080 Speaker 1: first film actors union in the world. And he was 132 00:07:27,120 --> 00:07:30,080 Speaker 1: also a founding member of the Free Organization of Theater 133 00:07:30,160 --> 00:07:35,200 Speaker 1: Employees in nineteen eighteen. He really envisioned a state runs 134 00:07:35,360 --> 00:07:40,000 Speaker 1: socialized theater and his own words quote, the definite aim 135 00:07:40,080 --> 00:07:43,040 Speaker 1: of my organizing activity was the raising of the moral, 136 00:07:43,240 --> 00:07:47,200 Speaker 1: economic and cultural level of the actors society. This is 137 00:07:47,240 --> 00:07:49,960 Speaker 1: a really controversial stance. A lot of members of the 138 00:07:49,960 --> 00:07:53,520 Speaker 1: Budapest theater scene demanded that he be removed from the 139 00:07:53,640 --> 00:07:57,880 Speaker 1: National Theater. Yeah, they did not want to socialize art. Uh, 140 00:07:58,080 --> 00:08:00,360 Speaker 1: you can see where that would be a huge clash 141 00:08:00,400 --> 00:08:02,880 Speaker 1: of interest for a lot of people. Uh. But the 142 00:08:02,920 --> 00:08:06,280 Speaker 1: Austro Hungarian monarchy collapsed in nineteen eighteen, and in the 143 00:08:06,280 --> 00:08:10,520 Speaker 1: shifting political climate, many of Lugosi's colleagues, the same people 144 00:08:10,520 --> 00:08:12,920 Speaker 1: who had in many cases been suggesting that he be 145 00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:16,920 Speaker 1: removed from his job as an actor, started to agree 146 00:08:16,920 --> 00:08:18,640 Speaker 1: that it might be a good idea for them to 147 00:08:18,720 --> 00:08:21,800 Speaker 1: band together and find a way to protect themselves and 148 00:08:21,840 --> 00:08:25,480 Speaker 1: their rights, and so the entire theater staff actually joined 149 00:08:25,520 --> 00:08:29,960 Speaker 1: the Hungarian Civil Service Workers Society in February of nineteen nineteen. 150 00:08:30,520 --> 00:08:33,640 Speaker 1: Although as the government continued to stumble in the lead 151 00:08:33,720 --> 00:08:37,960 Speaker 1: up to Bellakon eventually seizing control and establishing the Hungarian 152 00:08:38,000 --> 00:08:41,960 Speaker 1: Soviet Republic, those same artists broke away from that group 153 00:08:42,040 --> 00:08:43,880 Speaker 1: and they formed a new group, which was the National 154 00:08:43,920 --> 00:08:49,079 Speaker 1: Trade Union of Actors. When Belakan's Hungarian Soviet Republic collapsed 155 00:08:49,200 --> 00:08:53,320 Speaker 1: later in n Lugosi, as a trade union organizer was 156 00:08:53,360 --> 00:08:55,679 Speaker 1: really on the wrong side of the government. He had 157 00:08:55,720 --> 00:08:59,440 Speaker 1: been a known supporter of revolutionary kun which was a 158 00:08:59,440 --> 00:09:03,200 Speaker 1: big black mark once the revolution actually fell apart. Yeah, 159 00:09:03,280 --> 00:09:06,040 Speaker 1: he was actually barred from acting in Hungary as a 160 00:09:06,080 --> 00:09:10,439 Speaker 1: consequence UH, and so he fled to Germany via Vienna, 161 00:09:10,559 --> 00:09:13,480 Speaker 1: and there's this great sort of legendary story that he 162 00:09:13,640 --> 00:09:17,360 Speaker 1: traveled from Hungary to Vienna hidden in a wheelbarrow underneath 163 00:09:17,360 --> 00:09:20,680 Speaker 1: a pile of straw. And he acted in several German 164 00:09:20,720 --> 00:09:24,559 Speaker 1: films with pretty moderate success, including an adaptation of Jekyll 165 00:09:24,600 --> 00:09:28,800 Speaker 1: and Hyde, which did quite well. Bella was married five 166 00:09:28,880 --> 00:09:31,400 Speaker 1: times during his life, and the first was in nineteen 167 00:09:31,440 --> 00:09:36,480 Speaker 1: seventeen to a young woman named Ilona Baby's mik Elona 168 00:09:36,600 --> 00:09:38,760 Speaker 1: was the daughter of a bank executive and she was 169 00:09:38,840 --> 00:09:42,120 Speaker 1: just a teenager when they got married. Her family wasn't 170 00:09:42,440 --> 00:09:45,760 Speaker 1: entirely on board with the relationship, both because of the 171 00:09:45,840 --> 00:09:50,880 Speaker 1: age gap and because of Lugosia's political stance, but nonetheless 172 00:09:50,920 --> 00:09:54,160 Speaker 1: the pair did marry in Budapest on June twenty five, 173 00:09:54,400 --> 00:09:58,600 Speaker 1: nineteen seventeen, and at this point Alona was sixteen, Bella 174 00:09:58,720 --> 00:10:01,640 Speaker 1: was more than twice her age, thirty four, and the 175 00:10:01,679 --> 00:10:04,560 Speaker 1: pair were together through all of the political turmoil that 176 00:10:04,600 --> 00:10:08,599 Speaker 1: we just talked about UH in nineteen eighteen and nineteen nineteen. 177 00:10:09,000 --> 00:10:12,080 Speaker 1: And Baby was actually allegedly with Bella under that hay 178 00:10:12,120 --> 00:10:16,600 Speaker 1: in the wheelbarrow during his escape to Vienna, but life 179 00:10:16,640 --> 00:10:19,320 Speaker 1: abroad with her husband worked out to be really frightening 180 00:10:19,400 --> 00:10:23,240 Speaker 1: to the young bride. Up until Lugosie's exile, his father 181 00:10:23,320 --> 00:10:25,320 Speaker 1: in law had been providing the two of them with 182 00:10:25,400 --> 00:10:28,560 Speaker 1: financial support, but once they fled, he'd refused to do 183 00:10:28,600 --> 00:10:31,760 Speaker 1: it anymore. She was living as a poor actor's wife, 184 00:10:31,840 --> 00:10:34,959 Speaker 1: which was just too daunting a prospect for her, and 185 00:10:35,040 --> 00:10:37,280 Speaker 1: she wound up leaving her husband and going back home 186 00:10:37,320 --> 00:10:41,400 Speaker 1: to her family. Yeah, keep in mind, she was very young, 187 00:10:41,520 --> 00:10:43,920 Speaker 1: she was from a very wealthy family. She had never 188 00:10:43,960 --> 00:10:46,319 Speaker 1: known anything really but sort of a life of luxury, 189 00:10:46,360 --> 00:10:49,160 Speaker 1: So this was really a huge kind of shock for 190 00:10:49,200 --> 00:10:51,480 Speaker 1: her to shift into this kind of life on the run. 191 00:10:52,360 --> 00:10:56,000 Speaker 1: Uh and Bella wrote to her. He worked, he saved money, 192 00:10:56,400 --> 00:10:58,840 Speaker 1: he planned to send for her once he had amassed 193 00:10:58,960 --> 00:11:01,720 Speaker 1: a decent nest day. Like he he wanted to make 194 00:11:01,720 --> 00:11:04,360 Speaker 1: this work and make the marriage go forward. But her 195 00:11:04,400 --> 00:11:07,240 Speaker 1: family really seemed to see this whole situation as an 196 00:11:07,240 --> 00:11:10,920 Speaker 1: opportunity to eradicate what they felt like from the beginning 197 00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:14,240 Speaker 1: had been a mistake of a marriage. They allegedly kept 198 00:11:14,280 --> 00:11:17,079 Speaker 1: his letters from her. He never received answers from her, 199 00:11:17,120 --> 00:11:19,160 Speaker 1: and apparently it was because she didn't know she was 200 00:11:19,160 --> 00:11:22,600 Speaker 1: getting any letters from him, and they also told Baby 201 00:11:22,760 --> 00:11:25,600 Speaker 1: that Bella would likely be executed if he ever attempted 202 00:11:25,640 --> 00:11:28,360 Speaker 1: to return to Hungary, and she had only ever lived 203 00:11:28,360 --> 00:11:30,959 Speaker 1: in Budapest her whole life and was not really eager 204 00:11:31,000 --> 00:11:35,240 Speaker 1: to live elsewhere. So the family encouraged her to file 205 00:11:35,280 --> 00:11:38,040 Speaker 1: for divorce, and she did so eventually, so on July 206 00:11:38,120 --> 00:11:42,280 Speaker 1: seventeenth of ninety UH, their brief marriage was legally ended. 207 00:11:42,360 --> 00:11:44,880 Speaker 1: Bella was not there for the proceedings, which made things 208 00:11:44,880 --> 00:11:48,920 Speaker 1: go super quickly uh and Baby actually remarried almost immediately 209 00:11:49,040 --> 00:11:51,160 Speaker 1: to a man that her family had chosen for her. 210 00:11:52,600 --> 00:11:58,800 Speaker 1: Decades later, when Lugosi biographer Arthur Lennig interviewed Lugosi's fourth wife, Lillian, 211 00:11:59,400 --> 00:12:02,400 Speaker 1: she mentioned Bella had been truly and deeply in love 212 00:12:02,520 --> 00:12:05,240 Speaker 1: with Baby, and he had spoken of her to his 213 00:12:05,360 --> 00:12:09,000 Speaker 1: later wife and to other people as his one true mate. 214 00:12:09,600 --> 00:12:11,640 Speaker 1: He tried to keep in touch with Baby through the years, 215 00:12:11,679 --> 00:12:15,320 Speaker 1: and claimed that they even discussed remarrying later on, but 216 00:12:15,400 --> 00:12:17,480 Speaker 1: because at that point she had a family and children, 217 00:12:17,520 --> 00:12:21,360 Speaker 1: the whole prospect was way too complicated and emotionally difficult 218 00:12:21,400 --> 00:12:26,000 Speaker 1: to really seriously consider. Yeah, it's interesting because he had 219 00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:29,920 Speaker 1: a reputation as a womanizer, but he really did seem 220 00:12:29,920 --> 00:12:32,240 Speaker 1: in his heart to have stayed sort of devoted to 221 00:12:32,320 --> 00:12:35,120 Speaker 1: his first wife, which just kind of been an interesting 222 00:12:35,160 --> 00:12:38,680 Speaker 1: thing that people don't often talk about. Um and so, 223 00:12:38,840 --> 00:12:41,280 Speaker 1: while his film career in Germany was going quite well 224 00:12:41,320 --> 00:12:44,439 Speaker 1: at this point, uh once it was apparent that the 225 00:12:44,480 --> 00:12:47,800 Speaker 1: marriage was over, Lucosi headed to the US in October 226 00:12:47,880 --> 00:12:51,240 Speaker 1: of nine, and so on December of that same year, 227 00:12:51,640 --> 00:12:55,160 Speaker 1: he arrived in New Orleans. He actually entered the US illegally, 228 00:12:55,880 --> 00:12:58,960 Speaker 1: but he made his way to New York and four 229 00:12:59,000 --> 00:13:02,160 Speaker 1: months after his arrived vole in America. He was then 230 00:13:02,280 --> 00:13:05,800 Speaker 1: processed officially and legally at Ellis Island in March of nine. 231 00:13:07,679 --> 00:13:10,560 Speaker 1: Despite the fact that he spoke little to no English, 232 00:13:10,600 --> 00:13:13,920 Speaker 1: although he did speak several other languages, he got fairly 233 00:13:13,960 --> 00:13:16,600 Speaker 1: consistent work on the New York stage because of his 234 00:13:16,720 --> 00:13:20,520 Speaker 1: stage presence and his acting ability and his skill for 235 00:13:20,679 --> 00:13:24,800 Speaker 1: learning all of his lines phonetically. I sort of love this, 236 00:13:24,880 --> 00:13:27,520 Speaker 1: and it's one of the things that people have debated 237 00:13:28,200 --> 00:13:33,600 Speaker 1: and discussed throughout the years how much of this stayed 238 00:13:33,640 --> 00:13:36,400 Speaker 1: the case because he he kind of retained that image 239 00:13:36,400 --> 00:13:39,800 Speaker 1: and that story of not speaking terribly get English for 240 00:13:39,920 --> 00:13:44,560 Speaker 1: a while, Um, and how much of that was really like, No, 241 00:13:44,800 --> 00:13:47,080 Speaker 1: it adds to the drama and the glamour of this 242 00:13:47,160 --> 00:13:50,760 Speaker 1: sort of mysterious man who you know, he's just learning 243 00:13:50,760 --> 00:13:53,600 Speaker 1: everything phonetically. Whereas other people have said, no, I spoke 244 00:13:53,640 --> 00:13:56,160 Speaker 1: with him. He could speak English, not great, but he 245 00:13:56,160 --> 00:13:58,160 Speaker 1: could carry on a conversation. So we don't know to 246 00:13:58,240 --> 00:14:00,680 Speaker 1: what degree that ended up being true, but at this 247 00:14:00,720 --> 00:14:03,480 Speaker 1: stage it really was the case. He really did not 248 00:14:03,480 --> 00:14:07,400 Speaker 1: speak much English. Uh. His first English language play was 249 00:14:07,440 --> 00:14:10,079 Speaker 1: called The Red Poppy and it debuted in nineteen two, 250 00:14:10,240 --> 00:14:13,200 Speaker 1: and that was staged at the Greenwich Village Theater. And 251 00:14:13,280 --> 00:14:16,440 Speaker 1: not long after that, just the following year, in nineteen three, 252 00:14:16,480 --> 00:14:19,040 Speaker 1: he made his US film debut in the silent film 253 00:14:19,120 --> 00:14:22,680 Speaker 1: The Silent Command, And because most films were silent at 254 00:14:22,680 --> 00:14:25,520 Speaker 1: this point, uh, the language barrier was not such a 255 00:14:25,520 --> 00:14:27,920 Speaker 1: barrier to a film career, and he went on to 256 00:14:27,960 --> 00:14:30,120 Speaker 1: appear in nearly a dozen films in the US in 257 00:14:30,160 --> 00:14:33,840 Speaker 1: the nineteen twenties, including The Midnight Girl, Prisoners, and The 258 00:14:33,920 --> 00:14:37,720 Speaker 1: Veiled Woman. So before we hop on to talk about 259 00:14:37,800 --> 00:14:40,960 Speaker 1: his next marriage and also sort of we're edging up 260 00:14:40,960 --> 00:14:43,080 Speaker 1: to Dracula time. Do you want to take a word 261 00:14:43,080 --> 00:14:46,800 Speaker 1: from our sponsor? Sure to return to the story of 262 00:14:46,960 --> 00:14:50,200 Speaker 1: Bella le Ghostie. Not long after he arrived in New York, 263 00:14:50,200 --> 00:14:54,360 Speaker 1: he got married again. It's time to Elona von matalk Hit. 264 00:14:54,440 --> 00:14:57,640 Speaker 1: The second Elona was a Viennese actress who worked with 265 00:14:57,680 --> 00:15:00,600 Speaker 1: the Hungarian theater community that Bella had joined up with 266 00:15:00,720 --> 00:15:05,640 Speaker 1: once he made it to New York. Unfortunately, as with 267 00:15:05,760 --> 00:15:08,280 Speaker 1: his first marriage, this marriage did not last very long. 268 00:15:08,600 --> 00:15:13,320 Speaker 1: His actress wife divorced him on November eleventh, claiming adultery 269 00:15:13,520 --> 00:15:16,560 Speaker 1: is the reason for separation. As I said, he had 270 00:15:16,600 --> 00:15:19,080 Speaker 1: a reputation as a womanizer. Adult three comes up again 271 00:15:19,640 --> 00:15:22,760 Speaker 1: later on as well, And now we're getting to the 272 00:15:22,800 --> 00:15:27,120 Speaker 1: medi Dracula part. Yeah. Bram Stoker had always wanted his 273 00:15:27,200 --> 00:15:29,320 Speaker 1: novel to be adapted for the stage, but it was 274 00:15:29,360 --> 00:15:33,200 Speaker 1: such a sweeping story, with so many locations and such 275 00:15:33,200 --> 00:15:35,920 Speaker 1: a huge cast of characters, that most producers did not 276 00:15:36,040 --> 00:15:39,920 Speaker 1: want to touch it. Twelve years after the author's death, 277 00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:43,440 Speaker 1: the Story of Count Dracula finally made its theatrical debut 278 00:15:43,520 --> 00:15:49,680 Speaker 1: in Derby, England in August of ninety four. The critics 279 00:15:49,680 --> 00:15:52,480 Speaker 1: not so much with that it was completely panned by 280 00:15:52,480 --> 00:15:58,040 Speaker 1: the critics. However, audiences could not get enough of it. Uh. 281 00:15:58,040 --> 00:16:00,520 Speaker 1: It also, we should point out, was not all that 282 00:16:00,680 --> 00:16:03,320 Speaker 1: similar to the novel that it was based on. It 283 00:16:03,400 --> 00:16:05,960 Speaker 1: had to be paired down significantly and edited quite a 284 00:16:05,960 --> 00:16:09,680 Speaker 1: bit for logistical reasons and practicality in terms of staging. 285 00:16:10,320 --> 00:16:14,160 Speaker 1: But additionally, Bram Stoker's widow, Florence Stoker, had issued the 286 00:16:14,280 --> 00:16:17,320 Speaker 1: rights to the play with no stipulations as to how 287 00:16:17,360 --> 00:16:20,520 Speaker 1: the work was handled. She really kind of liquidated a 288 00:16:20,560 --> 00:16:24,280 Speaker 1: lot of her husband's assets after he died to kind of, 289 00:16:24,360 --> 00:16:26,600 Speaker 1: you know, keep money coming in, and she made a 290 00:16:26,640 --> 00:16:28,400 Speaker 1: tidy cut from the show, but it didn't seem like 291 00:16:28,400 --> 00:16:32,360 Speaker 1: she was particularly attached to retaining the material in any 292 00:16:32,400 --> 00:16:36,360 Speaker 1: sort of pristine way. The play started a second run 293 00:16:36,480 --> 00:16:40,520 Speaker 1: in London in nine with actor Raymond Huntley starring as 294 00:16:40,560 --> 00:16:43,960 Speaker 1: the Count. It got a similar reception to the n 295 00:16:45,000 --> 00:16:49,880 Speaker 1: staging critics still hated it, but the ticket sold out 296 00:16:49,960 --> 00:16:54,520 Speaker 1: for five full months. An American producer named Horace liver 297 00:16:54,680 --> 00:16:58,040 Speaker 1: Right was really eager to reproduce this financial success of 298 00:16:58,120 --> 00:17:01,640 Speaker 1: Dracula in the United States, so he got the rights 299 00:17:01,760 --> 00:17:05,720 Speaker 1: from Mrs Stoker to stage it on Broadway. And the 300 00:17:05,760 --> 00:17:08,000 Speaker 1: initial plan was that they were going to have Raymond 301 00:17:08,040 --> 00:17:10,919 Speaker 1: Huntley continue to start in the role as account and 302 00:17:10,960 --> 00:17:14,080 Speaker 1: travel to the US and reprised that role. But that 303 00:17:14,280 --> 00:17:17,399 Speaker 1: ran into a little bit of a problem. Huntley, perhaps 304 00:17:17,400 --> 00:17:20,480 Speaker 1: spurred on by the success of Dracula on the London stage, 305 00:17:20,840 --> 00:17:23,879 Speaker 1: would only star in the American adaptation in exchange for 306 00:17:23,960 --> 00:17:26,680 Speaker 1: a much larger sum of money than the US producers 307 00:17:26,680 --> 00:17:31,360 Speaker 1: could afford. So instead the producer hired an actor who 308 00:17:31,400 --> 00:17:36,359 Speaker 1: had European charm acting experience and most importantly, the willingness 309 00:17:36,359 --> 00:17:40,440 Speaker 1: to work for less money. That was Bella Legosy. And 310 00:17:40,800 --> 00:17:43,200 Speaker 1: at this point Bella had been working in the States 311 00:17:43,200 --> 00:17:46,240 Speaker 1: for several years, but he still could not speak English 312 00:17:46,320 --> 00:17:49,439 Speaker 1: terribly well, so once again, he learned all of his 313 00:17:49,480 --> 00:17:53,040 Speaker 1: lines phonetically. Uh the director had to give him all 314 00:17:53,040 --> 00:17:55,159 Speaker 1: of his notes and instructions in French because that was 315 00:17:55,160 --> 00:17:58,440 Speaker 1: the language they could both speak, so despite the fact 316 00:17:58,480 --> 00:18:01,040 Speaker 1: that the lead actor was really laying his lines in 317 00:18:01,119 --> 00:18:04,040 Speaker 1: a language he didn't really know. When the Broadway version 318 00:18:04,040 --> 00:18:08,240 Speaker 1: of Dracula opened on October seven, it was a huge success, 319 00:18:08,320 --> 00:18:11,919 Speaker 1: and it's success quickly grew, so much so that Universal 320 00:18:11,960 --> 00:18:16,280 Speaker 1: Pictures took notice Uh, and now we have another marriage, 321 00:18:16,320 --> 00:18:21,280 Speaker 1: and this one is a fabulous, sort of tabloid grade 322 00:18:22,040 --> 00:18:26,240 Speaker 1: crazy story. So as Legosi star was on the rise, 323 00:18:26,480 --> 00:18:30,880 Speaker 1: he had his own little personal Hollywood scandal. Uh. In nine, 324 00:18:31,080 --> 00:18:34,840 Speaker 1: he went married wealthy heiress and widow Beatrice Woodroff Weeks 325 00:18:34,840 --> 00:18:37,680 Speaker 1: while he was in San Francisco with a touring production 326 00:18:37,720 --> 00:18:41,040 Speaker 1: of Dracula. So the pair had known each other for 327 00:18:41,080 --> 00:18:44,560 Speaker 1: some time, but the marriage is always described as whirlwind like. 328 00:18:44,960 --> 00:18:46,840 Speaker 1: They seem to have known each other kind of casually 329 00:18:46,880 --> 00:18:50,760 Speaker 1: for about a year, although this all happened very quickly, 330 00:18:51,280 --> 00:18:55,000 Speaker 1: but two of them were married on July nine, and 331 00:18:55,040 --> 00:18:59,479 Speaker 1: they separated just three days later. In divorce testimony, Weeks 332 00:18:59,560 --> 00:19:02,640 Speaker 1: said that ghosts Hee had started out delightful but quickly 333 00:19:02,680 --> 00:19:07,800 Speaker 1: revealed an angry, temperamental nature. The Ghostie made no claim 334 00:19:07,840 --> 00:19:10,400 Speaker 1: two weeks this fortune in the settlement, although it would 335 00:19:10,480 --> 00:19:13,920 Speaker 1: have made him a rich man if he had. Yeah, 336 00:19:13,960 --> 00:19:16,320 Speaker 1: she had a load of money of her own. She 337 00:19:16,560 --> 00:19:19,080 Speaker 1: like we said, she was an heiress, she had family money. 338 00:19:19,160 --> 00:19:22,240 Speaker 1: She had also inherited a great deal of money uh 339 00:19:22,280 --> 00:19:25,960 Speaker 1: as a widow, and he had legally he had rights 340 00:19:26,040 --> 00:19:28,040 Speaker 1: to claim part of it, even though their marriage had 341 00:19:28,040 --> 00:19:30,960 Speaker 1: been extremely brief, but he just didn't pursue it. So. 342 00:19:31,040 --> 00:19:33,360 Speaker 1: In an interview with the New York Daily Mirror, Weeks 343 00:19:33,920 --> 00:19:37,359 Speaker 1: made some allegations that really damaged Legosti's reputation quite a while. 344 00:19:38,520 --> 00:19:40,800 Speaker 1: She claimed that Bella had slapped her for eating his 345 00:19:40,840 --> 00:19:43,720 Speaker 1: food that he had apparently squirreled away a lamb chop 346 00:19:43,840 --> 00:19:47,240 Speaker 1: or something to eat after his late performance, like he 347 00:19:47,320 --> 00:19:49,240 Speaker 1: liked to have a midnight lunch and she had eaten 348 00:19:49,240 --> 00:19:51,760 Speaker 1: it and he got very angry about it. She also 349 00:19:51,800 --> 00:19:53,920 Speaker 1: said he was abusive to the servants as well as 350 00:19:53,960 --> 00:19:58,439 Speaker 1: to her. Uh. There were also some suggestions that he 351 00:19:58,480 --> 00:20:01,880 Speaker 1: had had a dalliance with Clara Bow. That's mixed into 352 00:20:01,920 --> 00:20:04,840 Speaker 1: the scandal, and Legoti and Beau were friends. They spent 353 00:20:04,880 --> 00:20:07,439 Speaker 1: a great deal of time together in and they have 354 00:20:07,520 --> 00:20:10,920 Speaker 1: been romantically linked, but the nature of their relationship has 355 00:20:10,960 --> 00:20:15,280 Speaker 1: never been like super conclusively determined. Uh. We do know 356 00:20:15,320 --> 00:20:17,520 Speaker 1: that legos he kept a nude painting that he claimed 357 00:20:17,560 --> 00:20:19,280 Speaker 1: was a Bow in his home for the rest of 358 00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:23,200 Speaker 1: his life. And we know that Clarabau definitely uh was 359 00:20:23,240 --> 00:20:25,359 Speaker 1: a woman who took a lot of lovers. She was 360 00:20:25,480 --> 00:20:28,440 Speaker 1: very into living sort of a fast and dramatic life. 361 00:20:28,520 --> 00:20:31,840 Speaker 1: So that was sort of his little hiccup in terms 362 00:20:31,880 --> 00:20:35,920 Speaker 1: of Hollywood scandal time. And now so he's been playing 363 00:20:35,960 --> 00:20:40,600 Speaker 1: Dracula on the stage. Universal is interested, and that's where 364 00:20:40,640 --> 00:20:45,160 Speaker 1: we are going to Cliff hang this one, and you'll 365 00:20:45,200 --> 00:20:46,719 Speaker 1: have to wait for part two to find out how 366 00:20:46,720 --> 00:20:48,679 Speaker 1: the rest of it plays out in his later career. 367 00:20:49,000 --> 00:20:50,960 Speaker 1: But you don't have to wait for a listener mail, right, No, 368 00:20:51,200 --> 00:20:54,199 Speaker 1: I have that. I totally have that. Uh. This listener 369 00:20:54,200 --> 00:20:58,360 Speaker 1: mail is from our listener, Sarah, and she says, Dear 370 00:20:58,400 --> 00:21:00,960 Speaker 1: Holly and Tracy. I started thing to your podcast a 371 00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:02,800 Speaker 1: little over a year ago after hearing the guys on 372 00:21:02,800 --> 00:21:05,200 Speaker 1: stuff you should know plug it numerous times, and now 373 00:21:05,240 --> 00:21:08,000 Speaker 1: I enjoy listening to you every Monday and Wednesday while 374 00:21:08,040 --> 00:21:11,280 Speaker 1: I'm working out. I especially appreciate your efforts to discuss 375 00:21:11,359 --> 00:21:15,240 Speaker 1: groups often overlooked in traditional history courses, namely women and minorities. 376 00:21:15,880 --> 00:21:18,480 Speaker 1: I was especially interested in your recent episode on the 377 00:21:18,480 --> 00:21:21,960 Speaker 1: Heathen School. As part of obtaining my master's degree in English, 378 00:21:22,200 --> 00:21:24,800 Speaker 1: I wrote a thesis on interracial romance in the works 379 00:21:24,840 --> 00:21:28,480 Speaker 1: of Native American author Sherman Alexei. In order to do this, 380 00:21:28,520 --> 00:21:31,120 Speaker 1: I had to do a considerable amount of research on historical, 381 00:21:31,200 --> 00:21:34,680 Speaker 1: cultural attitudes and incidents surrounding the marriage of Elia's Boudineau 382 00:21:34,720 --> 00:21:37,440 Speaker 1: and a Harriet Gold In my thesis uh to catch 383 00:21:37,480 --> 00:21:39,440 Speaker 1: anyone up that maybe didn't listen to that one or 384 00:21:39,440 --> 00:21:41,960 Speaker 1: doesn't remember they that was one of the couples that 385 00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:45,280 Speaker 1: we mentioned in the Heathen School episode. Over the course 386 00:21:45,280 --> 00:21:48,240 Speaker 1: of conducting this research, I discovered that White Americans have 387 00:21:48,359 --> 00:21:52,120 Speaker 1: historically been much more accepting of interracial relationships that involved 388 00:21:52,160 --> 00:21:55,240 Speaker 1: white men and Native American women than have relationships that 389 00:21:55,320 --> 00:21:58,639 Speaker 1: involved Native American men and white women. The reasons for 390 00:21:58,680 --> 00:22:02,560 Speaker 1: this are manifold and bound by both racism and imperialism. 391 00:22:02,600 --> 00:22:05,600 Speaker 1: From the time of Pocahonas to the presidency of Thomas Jefferson, 392 00:22:05,720 --> 00:22:08,879 Speaker 1: intermarriage between whites and Native Americans was seen as a 393 00:22:08,960 --> 00:22:13,679 Speaker 1: means of assimilar assimilating and civilizing the Native population. In 394 00:22:13,680 --> 00:22:16,359 Speaker 1: the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, it was typical for 395 00:22:16,440 --> 00:22:19,359 Speaker 1: white fur traders, always men and usually among the first 396 00:22:19,359 --> 00:22:21,600 Speaker 1: whites to venture into what is now the western US 397 00:22:21,640 --> 00:22:25,600 Speaker 1: and Canada, to take Native American wives to handle cooking, mending, 398 00:22:25,640 --> 00:22:28,440 Speaker 1: in general homemaking tasks that the men at the time 399 00:22:28,480 --> 00:22:32,360 Speaker 1: typically would not perform. It was also, sadly not uncommon 400 00:22:32,400 --> 00:22:35,240 Speaker 1: for these white fur traders to abandon their Native wives 401 00:22:35,240 --> 00:22:37,679 Speaker 1: when they retired from fur trading and headed back east. 402 00:22:38,240 --> 00:22:40,919 Speaker 1: These marriages were viewed favorably by both the fur trading 403 00:22:40,960 --> 00:22:43,800 Speaker 1: companies and the Young U. S Government, as they represented 404 00:22:43,920 --> 00:22:47,439 Speaker 1: a civilizing movement of whites into native populations and the 405 00:22:47,440 --> 00:22:51,400 Speaker 1: white acquisition of Native lands. They also occurred conveniently out 406 00:22:51,400 --> 00:22:54,960 Speaker 1: of sight of the general white population. White women didn't 407 00:22:54,960 --> 00:22:57,640 Speaker 1: become a factor until later in the nineteenth century, when 408 00:22:57,680 --> 00:23:00,520 Speaker 1: pioneer women began moving west, after the Indie and Removal 409 00:23:00,560 --> 00:23:03,800 Speaker 1: Act under President Andrew Jackson, and after the pseudoscience of 410 00:23:03,880 --> 00:23:07,440 Speaker 1: the time began classifying people of different races as different species. 411 00:23:08,320 --> 00:23:11,760 Speaker 1: Before Native Americans had just been unlearned white people with 412 00:23:11,800 --> 00:23:15,080 Speaker 1: really good hands. But they did, i'm uh paraphrasing a 413 00:23:15,119 --> 00:23:17,600 Speaker 1: little bit. They did get classified later as a different species, 414 00:23:17,640 --> 00:23:20,200 Speaker 1: which is a whole other creepy thing to talk about. 415 00:23:20,560 --> 00:23:22,679 Speaker 1: But the westward movement of white women meant that they 416 00:23:22,680 --> 00:23:25,920 Speaker 1: now had increased opportunities to come into contact with Native 417 00:23:25,920 --> 00:23:29,320 Speaker 1: American men, and when such relationships and marriages, though few 418 00:23:29,320 --> 00:23:31,760 Speaker 1: in number, began to take place, they were met with 419 00:23:31,840 --> 00:23:35,280 Speaker 1: the kind of public reaction Budino and Gold experienced. A 420 00:23:35,280 --> 00:23:37,480 Speaker 1: white man taking position of a Native woman was an 421 00:23:37,520 --> 00:23:39,960 Speaker 1: acceptable part of the North American conquest, but for a 422 00:23:40,040 --> 00:23:42,439 Speaker 1: Native American man to take a white wife was to 423 00:23:42,480 --> 00:23:45,720 Speaker 1: reverse this conquest, and that was unallowable. It is at 424 00:23:45,720 --> 00:23:48,159 Speaker 1: this point in American history that we see numerous states 425 00:23:48,160 --> 00:23:52,040 Speaker 1: passing laws that specifically banned marriages between Native Americans and whites. 426 00:23:52,560 --> 00:23:55,080 Speaker 1: As you can probably imagine, this topic fascinated me so 427 00:23:55,160 --> 00:23:57,159 Speaker 1: much that my thesis ended up being three times as 428 00:23:57,200 --> 00:23:59,119 Speaker 1: long as it was supposed to be, much to this 429 00:23:59,160 --> 00:24:02,000 Speaker 1: chagrin of Mike. I hope you enjoyed this tangent on 430 00:24:02,040 --> 00:24:05,919 Speaker 1: the Heathen School episode. We absolutely did. Thank you so much, Sarah. 431 00:24:05,920 --> 00:24:09,720 Speaker 1: That's one of those things, um uh, I think like 432 00:24:09,880 --> 00:24:12,440 Speaker 1: I was aware of, but my brain didn't think, Oh, 433 00:24:12,440 --> 00:24:14,240 Speaker 1: I should flush this out for people. So I'm glad 434 00:24:14,280 --> 00:24:17,320 Speaker 1: you did because it does clarify kind of why that 435 00:24:17,400 --> 00:24:19,560 Speaker 1: was such a problem. When we have talked about some 436 00:24:19,680 --> 00:24:22,439 Speaker 1: of those other uh marriages with a white man and 437 00:24:22,480 --> 00:24:25,639 Speaker 1: a Native American woman on previous episodes, and those haven't 438 00:24:25,640 --> 00:24:28,720 Speaker 1: been quite so much a problem. So we always loved 439 00:24:28,800 --> 00:24:34,159 Speaker 1: here additional research expertise from our listeners. So if you 440 00:24:34,160 --> 00:24:37,080 Speaker 1: would like to share any additional info with us, or 441 00:24:37,200 --> 00:24:40,200 Speaker 1: just suggest an episode or talk to us about anything 442 00:24:40,200 --> 00:24:42,919 Speaker 1: that delights you, you can do so at History Podcast 443 00:24:43,000 --> 00:24:45,679 Speaker 1: at how stuff Works dot com. You can also connect 444 00:24:45,680 --> 00:24:48,240 Speaker 1: with us at Facebook dot com, slash missed in History, 445 00:24:48,280 --> 00:24:51,200 Speaker 1: on Twitter at missed in History and missed in History 446 00:24:51,240 --> 00:24:53,919 Speaker 1: dot tumbler dot com, and on pinterest dot com slash 447 00:24:53,920 --> 00:24:57,320 Speaker 1: missed in History. If you would like to visit our 448 00:24:57,359 --> 00:25:00,240 Speaker 1: spreadshurtch store, you can get missed in History sure and 449 00:25:00,240 --> 00:25:02,879 Speaker 1: as a richandise and that's missed in History thatt spreadshirt 450 00:25:02,920 --> 00:25:05,520 Speaker 1: dot com. If you would like to learn a little 451 00:25:05,520 --> 00:25:08,280 Speaker 1: bit more about a topic related to what we discussed today, 452 00:25:08,480 --> 00:25:10,520 Speaker 1: you can go to our parents site, House the Works. 453 00:25:10,560 --> 00:25:13,000 Speaker 1: Type in the word Dracula in the search bar, and 454 00:25:13,080 --> 00:25:15,200 Speaker 1: one of the great articles you will get was who 455 00:25:15,280 --> 00:25:17,000 Speaker 1: was the real Count Dracula? And then we'll talk a 456 00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:20,040 Speaker 1: bit about glad tepid. If you would like to visit 457 00:25:20,119 --> 00:25:22,119 Speaker 1: us at our home on the web, it's missed in 458 00:25:22,200 --> 00:25:24,040 Speaker 1: History dot com. And if you would like to research 459 00:25:24,080 --> 00:25:26,399 Speaker 1: almost anything your mind can conjure, you can do that 460 00:25:26,480 --> 00:25:32,760 Speaker 1: at our parents site and House top works dot com 461 00:25:32,840 --> 00:25:35,280 Speaker 1: For more on this and thousands of other topics because 462 00:25:35,280 --> 00:25:48,760 Speaker 1: it has to works dot com.