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Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to food Stuff. I'm Any Reese and

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Speaker 1: I'm lawing Boke Obam, and we are your humble host

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Speaker 1: for today a topic about something I eat every day

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Speaker 1: every day, Yes, literally every day. Oh man, I try

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Speaker 1: to eat it every day. Uh sometimes I fail at

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Speaker 1: that because I just don't purchase enough and I've never

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Speaker 1: made it before. We're gonna be talking about yogurt. Yeah, yeah, yogurt.

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Speaker 1: Aren't you excited? I'm actually very excited. This is This

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Speaker 1: involves like bacteria and and so much amazing culture. I'm

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Speaker 1: only going to tell that joke like seven times and

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Speaker 1: be that entertained by it throughout the course of this.

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Speaker 1: So what is yogurt? According to Webster's Dictionary, it is

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Speaker 1: quote a fermented, slightly acid, often flavored, semi solid food

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Speaker 1: made of milk and milk solids, to which could us

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Speaker 1: of two bacteria lacto Bacsilus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus have

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Speaker 1: been added. Ah, that's semi solid food. That's the sexiest part.

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Speaker 1: I'm now, And that lacto Baccillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilis

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Speaker 1: part probably came from the FDA defining a fresh, prepared

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Speaker 1: US yogurt as having to contain both those things. Technical definition,

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Speaker 1: Let's let's let's break that down just a little bit.

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Speaker 1: What are we actually talking about here, I mean everyone,

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Speaker 1: I mean probably you've interacted with yogurt before humans, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I would guess, but I mean it's pretty common, especially

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Speaker 1: these days. Yeah, So technical definition aside. Basically, when fresh

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Speaker 1: milk combines with friendly bacteria, which is also known as

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Speaker 1: a yogurt starter culture, the milk thickens and becomes sour,

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Speaker 1: which is that like tame that you've tasted in yogurt um.

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Speaker 1: The bacteria eat the sugars and milk, the aactose and

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Speaker 1: excrete lactic acid which does the thickening souring more on

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Speaker 1: that in a moment, and acts as a preservative because

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Speaker 1: its stunts or even prevents the growth of other less

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Speaker 1: friendly bacteria. Depending on the temperature of where the yogurt

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Speaker 1: is produced, the resulting culture will feature different types of bacteria,

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Speaker 1: and Thermophilic bacteria by culture around degrees fahrenheit or about

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Speaker 1: forty three degrees celsius, and they're more common in warmer

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Speaker 1: areas because of that, while mesophilic bacteria culture at room

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Speaker 1: temperature about seventy to seventy seven degrees fahrenheit or five

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Speaker 1: degrees celsius. But according to the FDA definition, mesophilic bacteria

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Speaker 1: cultures cannot be labeled and sold as yogurt in the

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Speaker 1: United States. I'm sure for some kind of safety reasoning,

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Speaker 1: I would guess, or they just don't like them. Yeah. Maybe.

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Speaker 1: These days, most commercial yogurt is made from cow's milk,

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Speaker 1: but it can be and is made from pretty much

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Speaker 1: any domesticated milk producing animal sheep, goats, yaks, horses, buffalo,

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Speaker 1: et cetera. Plus plus of course non animal milks like

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Speaker 1: like soy, rice, coconut, and nut milks. Side note, When

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Speaker 1: I was researching an episode for ice Cream a couple

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Speaker 1: of years ago, London featured a Lady Gaga. It was

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Speaker 1: called Lady Gaga, but she had nothing to do with

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Speaker 1: it ice cream flavor, and the milk was human breast milk.

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Speaker 1: Oh that's right. Yeah, So I didn't see any examples

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Speaker 1: of human breast milk yogurt, but I'm pretty positive. I'm

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Speaker 1: I'm sure it's happened at some point. It's a it's

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Speaker 1: a wide world. Have you ever had any of these

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Speaker 1: like goat. I've definitely had sheep and goat uh yogurt,

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Speaker 1: and I think coconut, rice, soy and almond milk yogurts.

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Speaker 1: So you're pretty well traveled when it comes to yogurt.

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Speaker 1: I I see a yogurt and I'm like, man, if

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Speaker 1: I'm going to eat it, I might as well try something.

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Speaker 1: It's it's you can't. You can't. You can't just live

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Speaker 1: on schobanni all day every time. It's good to be adventurous,

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Speaker 1: for sure, have have you? I mean, I love the

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Speaker 1: kind of like funky flavor of sheep and goat milk. Um.

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Speaker 1: I know I've had like soy yogurt and coconut yogurt,

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Speaker 1: but I don't know that I've had any other animals

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Speaker 1: besides cow yogurt. Oh, it's so tasty. We should Okay,

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Speaker 1: this calls for a taste test, Yes it does. I'm

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Speaker 1: always down for a taste test. But but so, where

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Speaker 1: where does the word yogurt come from? To begin with,

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Speaker 1: the first known use of it dates back to Turkey

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Speaker 1: and sixteen UM. It was most likely derived from the

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Speaker 1: Turkish verb oh gosh, here we go yogurt. Mac. That's

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Speaker 1: sure that sounds I don't I don't know Turkish, so

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Speaker 1: this yogur mac it meant to need or more appropriately,

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Speaker 1: in this case, to kurdle coagulate. Though yogurt has definitely

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Speaker 1: been around a lot longer than like the sixteen hundreds

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Speaker 1: and more. Also on yogurt's history in a second, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: there are approximately a thousand and one different ways to

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Speaker 1: spell yogurt. I'm not going to try to pronounce them,

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Speaker 1: even though I wrote them all down. My favorite from

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Speaker 1: this list just looking at it. Maybe maybe this can

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Speaker 1: be a video segment later on, because hey guys, we

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Speaker 1: also have video show. Is the one that looks in

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Speaker 1: American English spelling like yog heard? Yeah, that's great. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I love that one too. That would be maybe we

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Speaker 1: should start pronouncing it that way yo heard yoga. No

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Speaker 1: one would think we were weird at all? Yeah, absolutely not.

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Speaker 1: No one thinks that about us anyway. I think we're safe.

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Speaker 1: So um. In addition to, of course, the kind of goopy,

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Speaker 1: semi solid yogurt that is perhaps or has been the

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Speaker 1: most popular in American culture, there's there's been this this

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Speaker 1: this influx of Greek yogurt, which is my preferred yogurt,

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Speaker 1: personal note um. And the difference between Greek yogurt and

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Speaker 1: regular yogurt is that Greek yogurt is more strained to

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Speaker 1: get rid of the way, and because of that, it's

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Speaker 1: thicker and creamier. It has more protein than regular yogurt,

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Speaker 1: and also a higher fat content, less sugar and carbohydrates,

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Speaker 1: which which is why I enjoy it more. I mean,

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Speaker 1: unless you've added sugar back in. Of course that's true.

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Speaker 1: It is a thing that happens. And Greek yogurt has

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Speaker 1: skyrocketed and popularity over the past years, from a sixty

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Speaker 1: million dollar industry in two thousand five to a one

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Speaker 1: point five billion dollar industry, and show Banni and f

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Speaker 1: they hold the largest part of this market. But Chobonnie

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Speaker 1: is like way above Hia. It's like, I think of

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Speaker 1: the Greek yogurt market corner. While we're here, what about keefer,

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Speaker 1: Because keefer is also a fermented milk product, but it's

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Speaker 1: made with a combination of those mesophilic bacteria and also

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Speaker 1: yeast in a slightly different method than yogurt, and traditionally

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Speaker 1: it's it's a wee bit alcoholic, but it doesn't have

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Speaker 1: to be. And the stuff sold in stores today is not,

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Speaker 1: and maybe we'll cover that in a whole other episode. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I've never had keefer at the price point has always

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Speaker 1: been a something that keeps me away. But I have

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Speaker 1: friends love it. Oh yeah, Yeah. I had a roommate

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Speaker 1: who love who had just just gallons, not gallants like

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Speaker 1: but just put like put like a lot of the

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Speaker 1: stuff around, and like occasionally would be like, would be

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Speaker 1: like keefer and I'd be like sure, and I'd be like, oh,

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Speaker 1: why am I drinking yogurt? This is gross. I was

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Speaker 1: always kind of unhappy about it. I don't just not

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Speaker 1: for me. Keefer is not the only other other like

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Speaker 1: iteration of yogurt around the world. There are so many iterations.

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Speaker 1: The bigger ones that I know are Labna dah, Where's

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Speaker 1: where zaki from? Uh? It's from India And usually they

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Speaker 1: put it um. At least when I was in India,

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Speaker 1: they had as the side like you would mix it

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Speaker 1: with curries kind of lighter, yeah, to kind of like

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Speaker 1: kind of cool cool it down. There's also one that

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Speaker 1: I that that I kind of fell into it a

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Speaker 1: small rabbit hole of research about called veally, which is

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Speaker 1: a Finnish yogurt preparation that is ropey like what like

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Speaker 1: like not like like the Japanese cement fermented soybean stuff,

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Speaker 1: like I don't know it. Look up a video, y'all.

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Speaker 1: It's it's the first time in a long time that

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Speaker 1: I've said out loud at my desk. Nope. Well, now

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Speaker 1: I'm really intrigued. I know, right, we could make it

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Speaker 1: at home. Maybe we should, Maybe we should. Other things

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Speaker 1: that I am so excited about, um is the science

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Speaker 1: behind yogurt, because kerneled milk is so cool, like, like, seriously,

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Speaker 1: you guys, milk is amazing. Um. It's it's an emulsion,

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Speaker 1: which is the science term for a mixture of things

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Speaker 1: that do not usually mix. Right. Um, The things that

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Speaker 1: don't usually mix in this case our water and fats

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Speaker 1: because under normal circumstances, fats and water repel each other.

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Speaker 1: But milk also contains complex protein chains called casin's that

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Speaker 1: are made up of both hydrophilic that's water loving and

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Speaker 1: lipophilic that's fat loving particles, and so when presented with

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Speaker 1: both water and fats, casin's grab up bits of fat

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Speaker 1: and cluster into globules called my cells, with the fat

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Speaker 1: on the inside and the and the water loving bits

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Speaker 1: on the outside, and so those hydrophilic particles grab onto

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Speaker 1: electrons in the water, meaning that each my cell winds

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Speaker 1: up having a negative charge. And since negatively charged particles

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Speaker 1: repel each other, the globules suspend themselves throughout the water

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Speaker 1: in order to keep their their distance, and that is

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Speaker 1: what makes milk an emulsion. Chemically speaking, in order to

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Speaker 1: make milk into yogurt, now you've got to d emulsify

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Speaker 1: it a little bit to get to that sexy semi

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Speaker 1: solid state um and that's where those friendly lactic acid

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Speaker 1: bacteria that we mentioned come in. Because these credits love

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Speaker 1: to eat lactose, which is the natural sugar that's in milk.

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Speaker 1: They break it down during digestion, releasing lactic acid as

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Speaker 1: a byproduct. And acids are they're they're sour tasting compounds

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Speaker 1: of course, that that react with water. When they react

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Speaker 1: with water, they release positively charged hydrogen ions, which is

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Speaker 1: important because the acid reacts with the water in the milk,

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Speaker 1: releasing a by hydrogen ions. And these are positively charged

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Speaker 1: particles that then latch onto the negatively charged my cells

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Speaker 1: and neutralize them with no force, keeping them my cells apart.

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Speaker 1: They clumped together in this case, the result of that

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Speaker 1: is thick, spoonable, semi solid creamy yogurt, chemistry, bacteria poop.

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Speaker 1: It's so cool. I love science. Didn't know when you

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Speaker 1: first clicked on this episode that it was going to

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Speaker 1: get so sciency. But yogurt has got a lot of

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Speaker 1: science around it. Yogurt is full of science. It is

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Speaker 1: also full of history because for for millennia, fermenting milk

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Speaker 1: into yogurt or or into cheese was really the only

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Speaker 1: way to preserve it. UM probably the first, like yogurt

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Speaker 1: in in scare quotes, yogurt was the result of prehistoric

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Speaker 1: nomadic people storing their fresh milk in dried animal skins

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Speaker 1: or dried animal stomachs UM, perhaps going back to to

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Speaker 1: like the domestication of those animals circuc like a long

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Speaker 1: time ago, UM and bacteria in the air or that

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Speaker 1: had come into contact with the milk would would do

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Speaker 1: its work, and refilling the same container would keep that

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Speaker 1: bacterial culture going. UM records of fermented milk products go

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Speaker 1: back to at least six thousand BC. There were a

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Speaker 1: whole bunch of ancient Indian holistic healers that were so

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Speaker 1: excited about the health benefits of the stuff. Other historic

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Speaker 1: records of yogurt. Around one BC, there were some Greek

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Speaker 1: texts that mentioned that barbarous nations eight yogurt, and probably

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Speaker 1: they were just talking about Asian nomadic peoples who are

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Speaker 1: thought to have brought yogurt with them into Central and

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Speaker 1: northern Europe, where it eventually became keefer and and other

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Speaker 1: more drink like fermented milk products. Um It's mentioned in

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Speaker 1: the Bible. In the Book of Job, Abraham credits his

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Speaker 1: longevity to yogurt, and some historians even say that the

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Speaker 1: Land of Milk and Honey is talking about yogurt. I

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Speaker 1: know who knew? I didn't know some some some historians

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Speaker 1: historians apparently knew um. Medieval Turks around the eleventh century

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Speaker 1: figured out that yogurt can be super great for battling

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Speaker 1: digestive issues like diarrhea and cramps. That's because the lactic

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Speaker 1: acid can kill the some of the bad bacteria in

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Speaker 1: your gut that are causing infections or preventing food from

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Speaker 1: being digested properly. They also used it on sunburns. Putting

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Speaker 1: dairy on sunburns seems like a real bad plan to

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Speaker 1: me personally, supposedly Genghis Khan fed his army yogurt to

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Speaker 1: instill them with bravery circle the twelfth century um and

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Speaker 1: yogurt was totally a staple of the Mongolian diet at

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Speaker 1: the time, So like bravery aside, it's not unlikely that

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Speaker 1: that was going on. So next time I'm experiencing a

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Speaker 1: little bit of nervousness anxiety, perhaps I should reach for

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Speaker 1: that cup of yogurt. I in fact, had yogurt right

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Speaker 1: before I came into the studio. You didn't test it out,

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Speaker 1: I didn't. I mean, I guess, not like not like

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Speaker 1: with science, not like with a double blind study or

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Speaker 1: anything like that. But but I'll see you next time.

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Speaker 1: I won't eat yogurt right before. Yeah, and we'll see

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Speaker 1: what happens. Because podcasting is terrifying you, guys. I mean

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Speaker 1: it actually kind of is there. Like I'm sitting in

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Speaker 1: my chair like someone experienced turbulence on a plate right now,

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Speaker 1: she she is people, It's true, it's it gets it

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Speaker 1: gets easier after the first four or five times. Okay,

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Speaker 1: Can I share with you, perhaps to calm your nerves.

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Speaker 1: This pretty amazing legend about King francois the first of

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Speaker 1: France and yogurt, please do okay. So definitely yogurt entered

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Speaker 1: France and maybe Western Europe in general due to the

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Speaker 1: French allegiance with the Turks, who prescribed yogurt to help

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Speaker 1: treat diarrhea as mentioned above. Um but this legend goes

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Speaker 1: that in fifty two France, while the first was severely depressed,

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Speaker 1: which they didn't call it back then, but his like

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Speaker 1: listlessness and fits of nerves had his doctor's totally flamixed. Finally,

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Speaker 1: the French ambassador to the Sublime Port, which was the

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Speaker 1: which is a great name, I know, right, it's just

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Speaker 1: a term for the central government of the Ottoman Empire

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Speaker 1: at the time. Um but but this dude suggested calling

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Speaker 1: up a doctor in Constantinople who everyone in the empire

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Speaker 1: was talking about, like, including members of the Sultan's court.

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Speaker 1: And this dude was famous for a medicine that he

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Speaker 1: made from fermented sheep's milk. So the king calls up

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Speaker 1: the doctor, you know whatever the equivalent was, to come

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Speaker 1: treat him. The doctor agrees, but he'll only travel on

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Speaker 1: foot because he's got this prized flock of medicinal sheep.

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Speaker 1: So the dude marches his flock of sheep from Constantinople,

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Speaker 1: which of course is modern day istan Bull, which is

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Speaker 1: on the southwestern edge of the Black Sea some miles

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Speaker 1: that's like kilometers across all of southern Europe to Paris.

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Speaker 1: According to Google Maps, this is a five six hour trip,

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Speaker 1: which is like twenty three days of walking, assuming that

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Speaker 1: you and your sheep never sleep. Oh my gosh, another

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Speaker 1: sheep like wandered off. I they're they're very uh focused,

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Speaker 1: medicinal sheep. I don't know, I don't know if he

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Speaker 1: kept it together. Um. Finally, the doctor arrives, and uh

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Speaker 1: and the king after eating this sheep's milk yogurt for

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Speaker 1: several weeks, it is cured. But but the sheep are

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Speaker 1: all sick. They never recover from this long walk and

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Speaker 1: this change of locale, and every single one of them dies,

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Speaker 1: And the king really wants the doctor to stay, but

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Speaker 1: the doctor is is heartbroken and he refuses, possibly taking

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Speaker 1: the secrets of his curative with him. Who knows what

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Speaker 1: we could have cured if those sheep hadn't died. I know, right,

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Speaker 1: I mean, but but like really, probably the word about

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Speaker 1: fermented milk got got out around Western Europe at that time.

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Speaker 1: I don't think I don't think it totally died like

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Speaker 1: the sheep, and I know I love I love sheep.

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Speaker 1: They're they're great. Actually, I don't know any sheep. I

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Speaker 1: can't say any sheep I am. I've met some goats.

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Speaker 1: Moving along down the timeline um into more modern times.

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Speaker 1: In nineteen o five there was a Bulgarian medical student

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Speaker 1: by the name of Stamen Grigorov, and he discovered one

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Speaker 1: of the two bacteria that are crucial to yogurt, those

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Speaker 1: lacto Bacsilus bulgarakis um, which which he then identified as

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Speaker 1: just Bacsillus bulgarriks Those kind of name changes are pretty

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Speaker 1: pretty common, but yeah. Around that time, there was really

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Speaker 1: no commercial market for yogurt, yet it was either made

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Speaker 1: at home or used as a medicine. It was actually

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Speaker 1: sold in pharmacies and recommended by doctors, including, as Annie

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Speaker 1: pointed out in our notes Um, the infamous Dr John

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Speaker 1: Harvey Kellogg, who was the inventor of corn flakes, the

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Speaker 1: author and or practitioner of Healthy Living Medical Advice Um,

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Speaker 1: the coiner of the word sanitarium, and a genital beautile.

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Speaker 1: Latter didn't see that he was terrible look him up sometime.

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Speaker 1: Um he but he recommended fermented milk products like yogurt

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Speaker 1: in both the diet and quote when rapid results are

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Speaker 1: desired by enema quoting again, thus planting the protective germs

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Speaker 1: where they are most needed and may render the most

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Speaker 1: effective service. You're at that in nineteen seventeen, he was

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Speaker 1: obsessed with like vowel health among other terrible things. But

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Speaker 1: he was really concerned. He thought it had something to

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Speaker 1: do with morality, like yeah, and definitely masturbation was part

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Speaker 1: of the thing that I don't know. I mean, if

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Speaker 1: you're looking for a disturbing slash fascinating character to read about,

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Speaker 1: oh absolutely, um so so so. The commercial market for

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Speaker 1: yogurt finally opened up around nineteen nineteen when a Barcelonan

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Speaker 1: and erstwhile Balkan resident by the name of Isaac Carrasso

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Speaker 1: founded Dannon, which you may have heard of, and he

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Speaker 1: pioneered and industrialized yogurt making process. His son, Daniel, who

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Speaker 1: Dannon was named after. Actually um having moved to France

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Speaker 1: and then fled from Nazi occupation to the United States,

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Speaker 1: introduced fruit on the bottom yogurts to appeal to the

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Speaker 1: American palette Um in h But there was yogurt being

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Speaker 1: made in the US before that. In nine two Armenian

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Speaker 1: immigrants by the names of Rose and Sarkis Colombo Sian

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Speaker 1: they started Colombo and Sons Creamery, a small farm in Andover, Massachusetts,

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Speaker 1: and they were so small that they made their Columbo

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Speaker 1: yogurt over wood fire stoves and delivered it using horse

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Speaker 1: drawn wagons. And it wasn't until the nineteen sixties that

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Speaker 1: their companies started to take off, eventually being purchased by

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Speaker 1: General Mills you've probably also heard of and uh they're

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Speaker 1: purchased in and still available for purchase until two thousand

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Speaker 1: ten when they retired. And this brings us to the

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Speaker 1: whole culture and marketing aspect of yogurt culture. Oh we

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Speaker 1: did again. The reason Colombo yogurt took off in the

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Speaker 1: nineteen six he's had a lot to do with the

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Speaker 1: fact that it was marketed yogurt, that is, was marketed

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Speaker 1: as a health food. And that's when that marketing tactic

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Speaker 1: was really starting to kick in and people were starting

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Speaker 1: to buy yogurt because they associated it with the health benefits.

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Speaker 1: But but is it really is it really a health food?

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Speaker 1: Is it really healthy for you. Well, answer that after

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Speaker 1: a break, prom our sponsor, and we're back, Thank you, sponsor.

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Speaker 1: So the number one health benefit you've probably heard is

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Speaker 1: that the good bacteria yogurt that we talked about earlier, um,

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Speaker 1: at least yogurt with that label that says live and

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Speaker 1: active cultures. Lauren and I both just did quotes when

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Speaker 1: I said that you probably know these is probiotics, and

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Speaker 1: they purportedly helped keep your digestive check and all the

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Speaker 1: tens of thousands of species of bacteria living in there

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Speaker 1: happy and running smoothly. Um. And they do that mainly

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Speaker 1: by keeping the balance of good bacteria versus bad bacteria check.

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Speaker 1: They promote better synthesis of vitamins and UM. They improve

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Speaker 1: your stomach's ability to digest lactose, which is a problem,

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Speaker 1: of course that some people have. Yes, supposedly it helps

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Speaker 1: out with this digestion of lactose to the point that

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Speaker 1: people with lactose intolerance can usually eat dairy yogurt with

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Speaker 1: no problem at all. And I have a lot of

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Speaker 1: friends that tell me that that normally they can't have

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Speaker 1: any dairy but yogurts. Yogurt's fine. On top of the

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Speaker 1: digestive benefits. Probiotics have been touted for bolstering your immune

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Speaker 1: system learning your cholesterol. But before you get too excited,

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Speaker 1: there's a lot of discussion in the food science community

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Speaker 1: right now about probiotics and just how beneficial they actually are,

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Speaker 1: which is a very upsetting discussion to me personally, because

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Speaker 1: I I starting in like in like college, I had

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Speaker 1: all of these doctors telling me like, yeah, take more probiotics,

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Speaker 1: like eat more yogurt, and I mean, yogurt's delicious, Like

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Speaker 1: I like it, so happy to do that part, But

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Speaker 1: I'm like, how much if probiotics aren't really helping you? Man?

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Speaker 1: How much money have I spent probiotics overy years? Probably

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Speaker 1: you a lot um. But but yeah, it's it's such

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Speaker 1: a big discussion right now. Yeah. In a Fresh Air

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Speaker 1: interview with author of I Contain Multitudes and Wong, he

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Speaker 1: said that the science behind these claims is lacking because

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Speaker 1: there aren't enough probiotics in yogurt to really do anything substantial,

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Speaker 1: with the notable exceptions of when your gut bacteria population

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Speaker 1: is way out of whack, like for people suffering from

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Speaker 1: antibiotic cause diarrhea or yeast infections. Specifically, for things caused

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Speaker 1: by antibiotics. Um so, in other words, it's helpful if

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Speaker 1: you've got a problem, but otherwise it just sort of

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Speaker 1: passes right through your system without doing much. So you

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Speaker 1: know that's saying gut feeling. Recent daies are checking to

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Speaker 1: see if this might be a more literal thing than

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Speaker 1: we thought by examining the connection between your brain chemistry

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Speaker 1: and the micro population in your gut. Scientists postulately the

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Speaker 1: most likely candidate for this brain gut connection is the

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Speaker 1: vagus nerve, a pathway between our stomachs and brains that

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Speaker 1: is stimulated by our gut bacteria to produce a ocean

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Speaker 1: and thought influencing neurotransmitters. Huh, it sounds pretty creepy, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: say it that way. This this has suddenly verged into

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Speaker 1: like Chronenburgian body horror. But I love it. I love

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Speaker 1: to think of just this whole colony of bacteria worrying

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Speaker 1: it out my gut, like, no, we want her to

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Speaker 1: feel mad, No, she's gonna be sad. And then there's

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Speaker 1: the chill one that's like, dude, let's just get along

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Speaker 1: and let her be happy. I hope, I hope that

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Speaker 1: the chill one is winning more than well, I do

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Speaker 1: eat a lot of yogurts, so yeah, it should be.

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Speaker 1: So so what's some of the research to, uh to

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Speaker 1: kind of to kind of back this up? There is

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Speaker 1: so much research. Two thousand and eleventh study of mice

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Speaker 1: displaying autistic like antisocial symptoms were given probiotics and the

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Speaker 1: probiotics reversed some of their anxiety distress. And they actually

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Speaker 1: did use some human volunteers in this study, and the

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Speaker 1: human volunteers who took the same probiotic for thirty days

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Speaker 1: also reported experiencing lower levels of anxiety and depression. It

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Speaker 1: was a small sample size though, but it's something that

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Speaker 1: they wanted to replicate in a larger study. And then

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Speaker 1: in Caltech did a study to examine why autism often

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Speaker 1: comes hand in hand with g I disorders by inducing

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Speaker 1: autism and baby mice. All of these mice exhibited gastro

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Speaker 1: intestinal problems along with the autisms. They most commonly displayed

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Speaker 1: intestinal permeability. Intestinal permeability. That doesn't sound fun. And when

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Speaker 1: the mice were given probiotics, the permeability, which is also

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Speaker 1: called leaky gut, corrected itself And that definitely doesn't sound fun.

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Speaker 1: But but but cool. Yeah, it corrected itself or one

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Speaker 1: for probiotics, and the mice became more social and less anxious. Obviously,

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Speaker 1: there are a lot of pieces to this and to

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Speaker 1: the causes and treatment of autism. We still don't really

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Speaker 1: know how much genetics versus environment versus now possibly. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they've they they've they've just found actually, um a a

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Speaker 1: series of genetic mutations in the brain that they're pretty

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Speaker 1: sure are exactly what's responsible for autism. But they still

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Speaker 1: don't know why those mutations happen. So it's like well,

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Speaker 1: for other research, yes, always and a lot of this

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Speaker 1: kid also vary from person to person. But this was

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Speaker 1: the first study showing gut bacteria could potentially be the

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Speaker 1: underlying cause of some of the symptoms of autism that

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Speaker 1: are currently thought to be the brains doing yeah, which

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Speaker 1: is super fascinating. And then there was another study from

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Speaker 1: u c L at this time, and they divided thirty

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Speaker 1: six healthy women into three groups, one eating yogurt with probiotics,

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Speaker 1: one eating a yogurt tastes the like product without probiotics,

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Speaker 1: and a third eating no product at all twice a

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Speaker 1: day four weeks. Unless you weren't eating anything. Then for

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Speaker 1: an atter f m r I scans of the women's brains,

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Speaker 1: both at rest and emotionally stimulated, showed that the brains

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Speaker 1: of the women who had consumed the yogurt with probiotics,

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Speaker 1: we're basically more chill during the emotional exercise, and even

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Speaker 1: the way they processed emotion in their resting state was different.

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Speaker 1: It relied more on reasoning and less on the emotional

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Speaker 1: side of the brain. Yeah, and that that is that

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Speaker 1: is a small sample size, of course, yes, but it

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Speaker 1: had interesting implications and it's something that they want to

425
00:25:47,200 --> 00:25:51,919
Speaker 1: also test on a larger a larger scale. Personally, I

426
00:25:52,040 --> 00:25:55,639
Speaker 1: have recently seen a headline are women too stressed the poop?

427
00:25:55,800 --> 00:26:01,639
Speaker 1: So the impact emotion has on suggestion or vice versa.

428
00:26:01,840 --> 00:26:03,960
Speaker 1: Just this connection seems to be a popular topic of

429
00:26:03,960 --> 00:26:06,920
Speaker 1: discussion right now. Yeah, there's there's so much research into

430
00:26:06,960 --> 00:26:08,760
Speaker 1: it that that I keep seeing, Um, and we should

431
00:26:08,760 --> 00:26:12,520
Speaker 1: actually are. Our coworker Julie Douglas is completely obsessed with

432
00:26:12,600 --> 00:26:16,520
Speaker 1: like poop and an emotional gut bacteria connections and all

433
00:26:16,520 --> 00:26:18,560
Speaker 1: of that, So we should. She wouldn't mind me saying

434
00:26:18,560 --> 00:26:20,720
Speaker 1: that it's it's the truth. We should. We should definitely

435
00:26:20,760 --> 00:26:25,040
Speaker 1: have her come come on the show. Um, she's if

436
00:26:25,080 --> 00:26:26,640
Speaker 1: you want to. If you want to hear from from

437
00:26:26,760 --> 00:26:30,560
Speaker 1: the lady who's obsessed with poop, there's a really great

438
00:26:30,600 --> 00:26:32,560
Speaker 1: show that she does for house Toff Works called The

439
00:26:32,600 --> 00:26:35,400
Speaker 1: Stuff of Life, which is an audio podcast if you're

440
00:26:35,920 --> 00:26:38,560
Speaker 1: if you're into those, Yeah, I don't know, I hope

441
00:26:38,600 --> 00:26:43,880
Speaker 1: so yeah. Okay. But other than potentially, um, other than

442
00:26:43,880 --> 00:26:47,480
Speaker 1: all of this probiotic stuff, what else does yogurt have

443
00:26:47,520 --> 00:26:50,959
Speaker 1: going for it? The second thing you've probably heard is

444
00:26:51,119 --> 00:26:56,240
Speaker 1: that it might help prevent osceoporosis, especially for older people,

445
00:26:56,320 --> 00:26:59,800
Speaker 1: due to the level of phone hardening, calcium and pro

446
00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:02,960
Speaker 1: teen present in most dairy products. And yogurt does have

447
00:27:03,000 --> 00:27:05,000
Speaker 1: a lot of protein, about eight point five grams in

448
00:27:05,000 --> 00:27:11,320
Speaker 1: a cup for plain whole milk variety. Side note I

449
00:27:11,480 --> 00:27:14,160
Speaker 1: never put together until I was doing this research that

450
00:27:15,000 --> 00:27:18,520
Speaker 1: way powder protein and the way in yogurt are related.

451
00:27:19,119 --> 00:27:22,719
Speaker 1: Oh how have I gotten this far in life? And

452
00:27:22,760 --> 00:27:26,000
Speaker 1: I'm someone who I live some weights? You guys, I've

453
00:27:26,040 --> 00:27:29,000
Speaker 1: taken some protein powder in my day. And you lift bro?

454
00:27:29,160 --> 00:27:31,880
Speaker 1: I lift bro. Yeah, I have like three pound hand

455
00:27:31,880 --> 00:27:35,200
Speaker 1: weights that I bop around with sometimes. Hey, that's not

456
00:27:35,359 --> 00:27:40,200
Speaker 1: in a sneeze at. Everyone's got to start somewhere, Lauren,

457
00:27:41,000 --> 00:27:42,879
Speaker 1: thank thank you, thank you for the pep talking. Any

458
00:27:43,080 --> 00:27:47,040
Speaker 1: and other health stuff attributed to yogurt includes lawering your

459
00:27:47,040 --> 00:27:52,120
Speaker 1: blood pressure and that's not um exclusive yogurt. Most dairy

460
00:27:52,119 --> 00:27:54,560
Speaker 1: products are thought to do that. And the fact that

461
00:27:54,600 --> 00:27:57,159
Speaker 1: it keeps you pretty full for pretty long with a

462
00:27:57,240 --> 00:28:00,199
Speaker 1: relatively low calorie count, and that's one of the reasons

463
00:28:00,200 --> 00:28:04,119
Speaker 1: it's become regarded as a weight loss food. I mean,

464
00:28:04,119 --> 00:28:06,200
Speaker 1: it makes sense to me. That's that's why. I mean,

465
00:28:06,320 --> 00:28:08,200
Speaker 1: without the science to back it up, That's why I

466
00:28:08,240 --> 00:28:10,879
Speaker 1: eat it because I you know, I mean it's tasty,

467
00:28:10,880 --> 00:28:14,840
Speaker 1: and b I am less likely to stab out the

468
00:28:14,880 --> 00:28:18,160
Speaker 1: eyeballs of my coworkers and eat them at meetings because

469
00:28:18,160 --> 00:28:20,879
Speaker 1: I'm less hungry. We live in fear of this, I

470
00:28:21,160 --> 00:28:24,440
Speaker 1: as well. You should. Oh yeah, it's like an emergency

471
00:28:24,520 --> 00:28:28,440
Speaker 1: Lauren snack thing. Oh god, I think she's coming at

472
00:28:28,480 --> 00:28:31,760
Speaker 1: someone with a fork again. I'm honestly surprised that no

473
00:28:31,800 --> 00:28:33,920
Speaker 1: one has ever like throwing a granola bar at my head.

474
00:28:35,680 --> 00:28:43,239
Speaker 1: There's still time, Okay, new goals. Um, So all of

475
00:28:43,280 --> 00:28:45,920
Speaker 1: this to say when it comes to the question of

476
00:28:46,240 --> 00:28:49,600
Speaker 1: is yogurt healthy. The short answer seems to be yes,

477
00:28:49,920 --> 00:28:52,800
Speaker 1: but not as healthy as marketing would have you believe. Oh,

478
00:28:52,840 --> 00:28:57,120
Speaker 1: but marketing of yogurt, this is I mean, like, like

479
00:28:57,200 --> 00:29:02,520
Speaker 1: y'all have seen yogurt commercials, okay or they're terrible. They're terrible.

480
00:29:02,600 --> 00:29:05,280
Speaker 1: Up until very recently, they were basically all marketed towards

481
00:29:05,360 --> 00:29:10,840
Speaker 1: women um or aimed at women rather and what why

482
00:29:10,960 --> 00:29:13,840
Speaker 1: and has it always been this way? And why? No,

483
00:29:14,040 --> 00:29:17,200
Speaker 1: it has not always been this way, Lauren. Uh. This

484
00:29:17,280 --> 00:29:18,720
Speaker 1: kind of goes back to the history part we were

485
00:29:18,760 --> 00:29:20,680
Speaker 1: talking earlier in the age old question of how did

486
00:29:20,800 --> 00:29:24,160
Speaker 1: yogurt and in particular Greek yogurt, go from something most

487
00:29:24,200 --> 00:29:27,840
Speaker 1: Americans thought was too sour to the state snack of

488
00:29:27,880 --> 00:29:31,120
Speaker 1: New York As. I did not know that. Oh it's

489
00:29:31,120 --> 00:29:33,920
Speaker 1: one of my favorite Daily show clips of all time

490
00:29:34,280 --> 00:29:37,200
Speaker 1: when John Stewart is eviscerating the New York States in

491
00:29:37,320 --> 00:29:41,080
Speaker 1: it for there are they argued about its about whether

492
00:29:41,200 --> 00:29:43,640
Speaker 1: or not yogurt should be the state snack and whether

493
00:29:43,720 --> 00:29:46,160
Speaker 1: or not a pretzel covered in yogurt would count. I

494
00:29:46,200 --> 00:29:50,600
Speaker 1: didn't know that there were state snacks. I like state birds.

495
00:29:50,640 --> 00:29:53,120
Speaker 1: Back to the history of marketing in the United States

496
00:29:53,160 --> 00:29:56,520
Speaker 1: of yogurt. Like we said earlier, yogurt was around, but

497
00:29:56,560 --> 00:29:59,920
Speaker 1: not too prevalent or popular at all in the US,

498
00:30:00,520 --> 00:30:05,320
Speaker 1: but it was around. In the nineteen twenties inter Stephen A. Gaymont,

499
00:30:05,440 --> 00:30:10,560
Speaker 1: a Hungarian bacteriologists and founder of Gaymont Laboratories, Inc. Which

500
00:30:10,560 --> 00:30:13,680
Speaker 1: produced the culture that allowed five companies to make a

501
00:30:13,720 --> 00:30:17,280
Speaker 1: product quote like sour cream, but at a sixth of

502
00:30:17,320 --> 00:30:21,080
Speaker 1: the calories. Why didn't people want that? Yeah, that sounds great.

503
00:30:21,200 --> 00:30:23,760
Speaker 1: Gay came to the US in the nineteen forties at

504
00:30:23,760 --> 00:30:27,400
Speaker 1: the invite of President Truman's vice president Henry A. Wallace,

505
00:30:28,160 --> 00:30:30,840
Speaker 1: and Gaymont set up a lab to find a way

506
00:30:30,880 --> 00:30:35,080
Speaker 1: to make yogurt more appealing to the masses. Eventually and

507
00:30:35,160 --> 00:30:39,600
Speaker 1: benning a prototype for frozen yogurt and marketing yogurt with

508
00:30:39,640 --> 00:30:42,280
Speaker 1: fruit added, not at the bottom of the cup added

509
00:30:42,720 --> 00:30:45,200
Speaker 1: as a way to lure where Americans into buying this

510
00:30:45,320 --> 00:30:50,000
Speaker 1: too sour product, but where Americans would not be Lord Na, Nope,

511
00:30:50,160 --> 00:30:52,760
Speaker 1: weren't having it, well, not until not until the meat

512
00:30:52,800 --> 00:30:56,440
Speaker 1: shortages of World War Two. And Juan Metzker, who was

513
00:30:56,680 --> 00:31:01,680
Speaker 1: the partner of Daniel Carrasso we talked about earlier, and

514
00:31:01,880 --> 00:31:06,480
Speaker 1: the president of Dannon at the time, tried a different angle,

515
00:31:06,760 --> 00:31:10,040
Speaker 1: telling Americans that yogurt was a suitable meat substitute thanks

516
00:31:10,040 --> 00:31:12,240
Speaker 1: to all that protein in it. Did it work Nope,

517
00:31:12,880 --> 00:31:16,280
Speaker 1: So he returned to Gamont's method of appealing to America's

518
00:31:16,320 --> 00:31:21,640
Speaker 1: notorious sweet tooth. And that's how Danna's fruit on the

519
00:31:21,640 --> 00:31:26,080
Speaker 1: bottom of the cup thing came about. Yeah uh, And

520
00:31:26,360 --> 00:31:30,880
Speaker 1: thanks to the added sweetness of the fruit, Americans, finally

521
00:31:30,920 --> 00:31:33,880
Speaker 1: we're willing to eat some yogurt on a larger scale.

522
00:31:34,800 --> 00:31:37,360
Speaker 1: And Dannon is the company that pioneered the marketing of

523
00:31:37,440 --> 00:31:41,000
Speaker 1: yogurt as a health food, touting the low fat and

524
00:31:41,080 --> 00:31:47,400
Speaker 1: low sugar, sweet and healthy exactly. Dannon's marketing of yogurt

525
00:31:47,440 --> 00:31:50,440
Speaker 1: as a health food was so effective that Mr Metzker

526
00:31:50,520 --> 00:31:53,080
Speaker 1: was named Marketer of the Decade in the nineteen seventies

527
00:31:53,120 --> 00:31:58,440
Speaker 1: by Marketing Communications mm hmm, and the success of Dannon's

528
00:31:58,480 --> 00:32:01,360
Speaker 1: health food stick inspired competitors to do the same. An

529
00:32:01,400 --> 00:32:04,920
Speaker 1: advertisement for Yami yogurt in a one issue of Life

530
00:32:04,960 --> 00:32:09,080
Speaker 1: magazine named Yogurt the Secret of Youth. That Secret of

531
00:32:09,160 --> 00:32:12,520
Speaker 1: You thing got taken to a whole another level in

532
00:32:12,640 --> 00:32:16,200
Speaker 1: nineteen seventy seven, when Dan and debuted there Georgian's over

533
00:32:16,240 --> 00:32:19,160
Speaker 1: one hundred AD. And and this is like the third time.

534
00:32:19,400 --> 00:32:21,240
Speaker 1: This is like the third take of us trying to

535
00:32:21,240 --> 00:32:24,520
Speaker 1: get through that sentence because Annie was laughing too too

536
00:32:24,520 --> 00:32:26,880
Speaker 1: hard to herself about the set, which I haven't watched it.

537
00:32:27,080 --> 00:32:30,280
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, watch, Oh no, you've got to watch it

538
00:32:30,840 --> 00:32:34,880
Speaker 1: at the finished the episode and then go find this

539
00:32:34,960 --> 00:32:40,640
Speaker 1: ad because it is so strangeways set the seed. Okay,

540
00:32:40,680 --> 00:32:45,920
Speaker 1: the shot opens on some older folks who are hoeing

541
00:32:46,440 --> 00:32:51,000
Speaker 1: some fields, and the narrator, in a very like calm,

542
00:32:51,200 --> 00:32:55,200
Speaker 1: kind of clinical voice, is telling you that in Soviet

543
00:32:55,240 --> 00:32:59,240
Speaker 1: Georgia there's two curious things. They eat a lot of

544
00:32:59,320 --> 00:33:02,440
Speaker 1: yogurt and a lot of them live past one hundred. Now,

545
00:33:02,480 --> 00:33:04,760
Speaker 1: I'm not going to say that those two things are

546
00:33:04,840 --> 00:33:11,600
Speaker 1: necessarily related, but yeah they probably are. And eating and

547
00:33:11,720 --> 00:33:14,560
Speaker 1: eating yogurt will make your mom happy to oh yeah,

548
00:33:15,280 --> 00:33:18,040
Speaker 1: comcial rooms. Okay, so living to one and making your

549
00:33:18,080 --> 00:33:20,480
Speaker 1: mom happy who is older than you, who is older

550
00:33:20,480 --> 00:33:24,120
Speaker 1: than you still alive? Super happy? You're eating yogurt? Ye,

551
00:33:25,880 --> 00:33:29,200
Speaker 1: The narrators like and Bulgrad had two cups of yogurt,

552
00:33:29,240 --> 00:33:33,920
Speaker 1: which made his mom very happy. Oh my goodness, hey,

553
00:33:38,000 --> 00:33:40,680
Speaker 1: so is this I mean was there any truth to

554
00:33:40,720 --> 00:33:45,840
Speaker 1: this though, I mean unclear. In aw York Times article,

555
00:33:46,120 --> 00:33:49,120
Speaker 1: the reporter went to investigate if anyone in Georgia actually

556
00:33:49,320 --> 00:33:52,600
Speaker 1: ate the stuff, and they all said they didn't. However,

557
00:33:53,320 --> 00:33:58,080
Speaker 1: way back in nineteen o nine, um Eliyah Nicolo, who

558
00:33:58,480 --> 00:34:01,240
Speaker 1: was a Russian nobel Laurie It working at the Pastor

559
00:34:01,280 --> 00:34:05,360
Speaker 1: Institute in Paris, was suggesting that the the cultures and

560
00:34:05,480 --> 00:34:12,319
Speaker 1: yogurt were responsible for the Bulgarian peasant populations longevity and

561
00:34:12,400 --> 00:34:14,920
Speaker 1: so maybe this was a strange case of cross wires

562
00:34:14,960 --> 00:34:18,760
Speaker 1: maybe like how did they pick Soviet Georgia is my question.

563
00:34:18,880 --> 00:34:20,520
Speaker 1: I think I remember reading it was the first thing

564
00:34:20,560 --> 00:34:26,279
Speaker 1: that filmed there during Soviet Soviet times. Wow, regardless of

565
00:34:26,320 --> 00:34:28,759
Speaker 1: how silly it was, all of this marketing was was

566
00:34:28,960 --> 00:34:32,440
Speaker 1: a pretty huge success. It was very effective by nine

567
00:34:32,960 --> 00:34:38,799
Speaker 1: two sales of yogurt or at an annual nine growth rate. Um.

568
00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:42,200
Speaker 1: But this did include a lot of things like froyo

569
00:34:42,360 --> 00:34:46,320
Speaker 1: and extra sugary gelatine laid and stuff that the food

570
00:34:46,360 --> 00:34:50,239
Speaker 1: industry folk were starting to disagree over whether or not

571
00:34:50,280 --> 00:34:54,759
Speaker 1: that actually counted it as yogurt. Yes, and I had

572
00:34:54,800 --> 00:34:58,000
Speaker 1: to include that this is the same year go gurt

573
00:34:58,200 --> 00:35:00,920
Speaker 1: got its start go Gurt. I didn't know it was

574
00:35:00,960 --> 00:35:02,560
Speaker 1: that early. I thought it was like when I was

575
00:35:02,600 --> 00:35:04,960
Speaker 1: a kid, like a decade later it was. That's when

576
00:35:05,000 --> 00:35:11,200
Speaker 1: it became commercial and it was in all the kids

577
00:35:10,360 --> 00:35:15,600
Speaker 1: and he has skateboards and lower blades and go gurt.

578
00:35:15,960 --> 00:35:18,680
Speaker 1: But this was the year the prototype. I think it

579
00:35:18,760 --> 00:35:21,040
Speaker 1: was like a professor at a college, like, I wonder

580
00:35:21,040 --> 00:35:23,920
Speaker 1: if I put yogurt in this tube? Yeah. For for

581
00:35:24,120 --> 00:35:25,799
Speaker 1: those for those of you who did not grow up

582
00:35:25,800 --> 00:35:30,120
Speaker 1: watching uh commercials with like with like real red kids

583
00:35:30,239 --> 00:35:32,040
Speaker 1: ding skateboards and eating go gurt and you have no

584
00:35:32,080 --> 00:35:34,960
Speaker 1: idea what we're talking about. Um, go gurt is a

585
00:35:36,080 --> 00:35:38,320
Speaker 1: is okay, So so you know those it's just like

586
00:35:38,360 --> 00:35:41,240
Speaker 1: a little plastic tube like I'm like those those freezy

587
00:35:41,320 --> 00:35:44,680
Speaker 1: ice I see stick. It's a tube a little bit

588
00:35:44,680 --> 00:35:47,120
Speaker 1: like that, and it's just filled with yogurt, like really

589
00:35:47,160 --> 00:35:52,040
Speaker 1: grossly oversweetened yogurt and like gir grape flavor or something

590
00:35:52,120 --> 00:35:56,680
Speaker 1: like that. Gogur decide though. Yes, Danon was still leading

591
00:35:56,719 --> 00:36:00,120
Speaker 1: the way when it came to marketing, and they came

592
00:36:00,200 --> 00:36:04,640
Speaker 1: up with the news slogan quote you can't change the world,

593
00:36:05,000 --> 00:36:08,440
Speaker 1: but you can't change the way you live. Yeah, that's

594
00:36:08,440 --> 00:36:11,920
Speaker 1: a good one, very stage words. And to reinforce this ideal,

595
00:36:12,520 --> 00:36:17,160
Speaker 1: Danon introduced sprinkle packs same year, Change the way you live, Lauren,

596
00:36:18,719 --> 00:36:22,640
Speaker 1: put some put some sprinkles in your yogurt. It still

597
00:36:22,680 --> 00:36:26,280
Speaker 1: hasn't gotten as to the main question that we started

598
00:36:26,320 --> 00:36:29,840
Speaker 1: this whole segment with, right, the question of women, of

599
00:36:29,880 --> 00:36:32,680
Speaker 1: why women seem to be the main target of this

600
00:36:32,760 --> 00:36:34,759
Speaker 1: type of advertising, and this kind of has to do

601
00:36:34,840 --> 00:36:38,839
Speaker 1: with just in general, women tended to buy more health

602
00:36:38,880 --> 00:36:43,520
Speaker 1: conscious foods, which thanks to the marketing efforts included yogurt

603
00:36:44,440 --> 00:36:47,880
Speaker 1: um and marketers took note that women bought more and

604
00:36:47,920 --> 00:36:51,040
Speaker 1: they thought, all right, well, let's just try to pivot

605
00:36:51,080 --> 00:36:53,799
Speaker 1: more towards women. It's working, so let's go for it. Yeah.

606
00:36:53,800 --> 00:36:57,640
Speaker 1: And they also, as with a lot of products, women

607
00:36:57,920 --> 00:36:59,960
Speaker 1: usually did the grocery shopping, so a lot of mark

608
00:37:00,480 --> 00:37:04,320
Speaker 1: did kind of their ads towards women. In this pivot

609
00:37:04,440 --> 00:37:08,840
Speaker 1: yogurt made towards women, they started marketing less as like

610
00:37:09,520 --> 00:37:12,919
Speaker 1: health a health food and more as a weight lost food.

611
00:37:13,440 --> 00:37:15,839
Speaker 1: Since one of the worst things a woman could ever

612
00:37:15,880 --> 00:37:19,880
Speaker 1: be fat. Of course, that's the very that's absolutely the

613
00:37:20,000 --> 00:37:22,440
Speaker 1: very very worst. I know, as we all are aware.

614
00:37:22,640 --> 00:37:25,560
Speaker 1: That's what my TV tells me. Yeah, every day. You

615
00:37:25,600 --> 00:37:28,799
Speaker 1: guys have probably seen these commercials where it's like, you

616
00:37:28,800 --> 00:37:31,000
Speaker 1: want that piece of Boston cream Pie, but not the

617
00:37:31,000 --> 00:37:34,960
Speaker 1: extra pounds. Grab your play is Boston cream Pie flavored yogurt.

618
00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:39,480
Speaker 1: You'll never know the difference. You know. It's better than sex,

619
00:37:40,080 --> 00:37:43,239
Speaker 1: better than I'm a side, better than chocolate, my god,

620
00:37:43,280 --> 00:37:47,240
Speaker 1: even better than shoes. How can anything be better than shoes.

621
00:37:47,960 --> 00:37:50,840
Speaker 1: We're being very sarcastic right now. I hope, I hope

622
00:37:50,840 --> 00:37:55,880
Speaker 1: it's very clear this is this is also sexist and horrifying.

623
00:37:56,160 --> 00:37:59,160
Speaker 1: Another famous ad that I remember seeing was remember this

624
00:37:59,200 --> 00:38:01,680
Speaker 1: one too. Yeah, it was a woman. She's like staring

625
00:38:01,719 --> 00:38:04,360
Speaker 1: into the refrigerator at this piece of raspberry cheesecake, and

626
00:38:04,400 --> 00:38:06,680
Speaker 1: she's thinking in her head, like how much exercise am

627
00:38:06,680 --> 00:38:08,040
Speaker 1: I gonna have to do? How many calories am I

628
00:38:08,080 --> 00:38:09,320
Speaker 1: gonna have to burn off? I want to eat this

629
00:38:09,360 --> 00:38:12,920
Speaker 1: piece of cheesecake and nullify it. And then um, one

630
00:38:12,920 --> 00:38:14,680
Speaker 1: of her colleagues comes up and it's like, I've been

631
00:38:14,719 --> 00:38:17,760
Speaker 1: thinking about that cheesecake all day, and she reaches into

632
00:38:17,840 --> 00:38:22,760
Speaker 1: the refrigerator and, surprised reveal it's raspberry cheesecake. Flavored yogurt

633
00:38:23,080 --> 00:38:26,239
Speaker 1: with only a hundred calories. Yeah, the woman who's thinking

634
00:38:26,280 --> 00:38:30,439
Speaker 1: about eating the actual real dessert, heaven forbid, it's like, oh,

635
00:38:30,560 --> 00:38:33,560
Speaker 1: you've lost weight. So recurring theme and all of these

636
00:38:33,560 --> 00:38:36,399
Speaker 1: commercials is that yogurt will keep you skinny and able

637
00:38:36,440 --> 00:38:40,040
Speaker 1: to overcome your cravings for evil, fat desserts. And so

638
00:38:40,200 --> 00:38:43,839
Speaker 1: does your power does your Savior? This is Oh, it's

639
00:38:43,880 --> 00:38:48,520
Speaker 1: such It's just such a gendered mess. Yeah, it really is.

640
00:38:49,040 --> 00:38:55,680
Speaker 1: And one of the biggest offenders for this was Activitia. Uh,

641
00:38:55,680 --> 00:38:58,360
Speaker 1: and this is product that is owned by Dannon. It's like,

642
00:38:58,440 --> 00:39:04,040
Speaker 1: main draw is that it regulates your poop. Yeah, you

643
00:39:04,120 --> 00:39:07,120
Speaker 1: poop better with with Activia, Yes, it regulates. The key

644
00:39:07,120 --> 00:39:13,440
Speaker 1: word they trademarked their own I guess culture, probiotic culture,

645
00:39:14,400 --> 00:39:19,759
Speaker 1: biffitis regularists. That kind of sounds like a spell. They

646
00:39:19,760 --> 00:39:22,040
Speaker 1: were around in Europe for several years before they launched

647
00:39:22,080 --> 00:39:24,200
Speaker 1: the United States. In two thousand and six. They hired

648
00:39:24,239 --> 00:39:28,520
Speaker 1: an opinion research company that surveyed people in the search

649
00:39:28,560 --> 00:39:32,840
Speaker 1: for America's quote most irregular cities, and they did this

650
00:39:32,920 --> 00:39:37,120
Speaker 1: with like horrible did you did you read? Like they

651
00:39:37,239 --> 00:39:42,840
Speaker 1: say the traffics really backed up in Orlando yeah. Yeah,

652
00:39:43,080 --> 00:39:46,840
Speaker 1: and a regular was defined here as quote that miserable

653
00:39:46,880 --> 00:39:48,920
Speaker 1: experience of not going to the bathroom for two or

654
00:39:48,960 --> 00:39:53,160
Speaker 1: more days, and they extrapolated their results saying that twenty

655
00:39:53,200 --> 00:39:55,720
Speaker 1: six million Americans have been a regular at least once

656
00:39:55,920 --> 00:40:00,239
Speaker 1: in the last two months. And g I problems do

657
00:40:00,520 --> 00:40:03,560
Speaker 1: appear to impact women more than men are at the

658
00:40:03,640 --> 00:40:06,680
Speaker 1: very least, women more often are diagnosed, which could also

659
00:40:06,680 --> 00:40:08,399
Speaker 1: go back to the fact that women are more likely

660
00:40:08,440 --> 00:40:12,000
Speaker 1: to go to the doctor, going back to terrible sexism

661
00:40:12,040 --> 00:40:15,920
Speaker 1: as mentioned above. Yes, um, but all that aside. Because

662
00:40:15,920 --> 00:40:19,000
Speaker 1: of that activity, Slash dan and focused all of their

663
00:40:19,040 --> 00:40:21,440
Speaker 1: marketing for us and money on women for for this

664
00:40:21,480 --> 00:40:24,279
Speaker 1: activity at campaign. Yes, and you guys have probably seen

665
00:40:24,360 --> 00:40:26,959
Speaker 1: or heard of that Jamie Lee Curtis at campaign where

666
00:40:26,960 --> 00:40:28,960
Speaker 1: she's talking about how it helps keep a regular and

667
00:40:29,000 --> 00:40:31,759
Speaker 1: she's just rubbing your bill. You know, Happy has a

668
00:40:31,840 --> 00:40:34,480
Speaker 1: hundred million dollar campaign. Oh my goodness. Kind of related

669
00:40:34,560 --> 00:40:39,560
Speaker 1: tangent ish. There's a whole tangled mass of body control,

670
00:40:39,840 --> 00:40:44,200
Speaker 1: body image, stress, and feminine beauty standards. Yeah, I said it.

671
00:40:44,600 --> 00:40:47,680
Speaker 1: Surrounding this and the culture of constipation dating all the

672
00:40:47,680 --> 00:40:50,560
Speaker 1: way back to the nineteenth century and procedure called the

673
00:40:51,120 --> 00:40:57,040
Speaker 1: Lane collectomy, a surgery performed mostly on women by Sir

674
00:40:57,400 --> 00:41:00,760
Speaker 1: Art but Notch Lane. What a great name. He claimed

675
00:41:00,800 --> 00:41:05,080
Speaker 1: that a lacking of health in the digestive arena made

676
00:41:05,080 --> 00:41:11,120
Speaker 1: a woman ugly and therefore unmarriageable. Unmarriageable. God, that's even

677
00:41:11,120 --> 00:41:15,600
Speaker 1: worse than being fat. It didn't work, surprise, and it

678
00:41:15,680 --> 00:41:20,960
Speaker 1: was harmful also, all right, well, okay, back back from

679
00:41:20,960 --> 00:41:24,960
Speaker 1: this depressing tangent tangent over back to Activia. They had

680
00:41:25,000 --> 00:41:27,279
Speaker 1: a very successful opening year in the US, raking in

681
00:41:28,239 --> 00:41:32,439
Speaker 1: million dollars in sales, and sales doubled the next year,

682
00:41:32,760 --> 00:41:35,120
Speaker 1: which is very rare for a company, and like their

683
00:41:35,160 --> 00:41:39,440
Speaker 1: first year. But if you listen closely to their commercials,

684
00:41:39,440 --> 00:41:44,759
Speaker 1: they never actually say anything about preventing constellation. They just

685
00:41:44,880 --> 00:41:48,759
Speaker 1: really heavily imply it, how with that revving the stomach thing,

686
00:41:49,600 --> 00:41:52,640
Speaker 1: And then there's a famous ad where a woman her

687
00:41:52,640 --> 00:41:55,400
Speaker 1: bare stomach is exposed and on top of it is

688
00:41:55,440 --> 00:41:58,839
Speaker 1: a yellow arrow pointing downward, which is implying like it's

689
00:41:58,840 --> 00:42:01,399
Speaker 1: going to clean you out, or at least that's how

690
00:42:01,440 --> 00:42:05,840
Speaker 1: I would read it. Um. And they specifically did not

691
00:42:06,000 --> 00:42:10,640
Speaker 1: say constipation because the FDA labels constipation as a disease,

692
00:42:11,480 --> 00:42:14,120
Speaker 1: and when a product claims to treat a disease, there's

693
00:42:14,160 --> 00:42:18,160
Speaker 1: a whole FDA rigor morole of getting that claim approved. Well,

694
00:42:18,200 --> 00:42:22,320
Speaker 1: they didn't want to do that, and this was another

695
00:42:22,640 --> 00:42:25,919
Speaker 1: red flag about what these ads are implying, because probiotics

696
00:42:25,920 --> 00:42:30,680
Speaker 1: are generally used to treat diarrhea, not constipation. But Activity

697
00:42:30,719 --> 00:42:33,799
Speaker 1: got around this by saying on their website that it

698
00:42:33,840 --> 00:42:40,920
Speaker 1: helped with ibs in internal intestinal syndrome, which could cause

699
00:42:41,040 --> 00:42:47,400
Speaker 1: constipation and or diarrhea. Several studies pretty recently into Activity

700
00:42:47,400 --> 00:42:50,200
Speaker 1: as Health claims UM found that there was little to

701
00:42:50,360 --> 00:42:53,960
Speaker 1: no science to back up what they were saying implying,

702
00:42:54,640 --> 00:42:57,640
Speaker 1: or that some other ads were outright false. Activity eventually

703
00:42:57,840 --> 00:43:00,480
Speaker 1: had to reach a twenty one million dollars settlement with

704
00:43:00,480 --> 00:43:03,680
Speaker 1: the FTC in two thousand ten for their misleading Jamie

705
00:43:03,760 --> 00:43:07,000
Speaker 1: Lee Curtis ads. And now they can't advertise any health

706
00:43:07,000 --> 00:43:09,200
Speaker 1: benefits unless they also mentioned that you have to eat

707
00:43:09,239 --> 00:43:11,480
Speaker 1: three servings a day to get them, which is a

708
00:43:11,480 --> 00:43:14,040
Speaker 1: lot of yogurt. Yeah that's way more yogurt than I

709
00:43:14,080 --> 00:43:16,880
Speaker 1: personally care to consume. Yeah that's way too much. Yeah, Activit,

710
00:43:16,880 --> 00:43:19,520
Speaker 1: you didn't seem to hurt by this though, and uh,

711
00:43:19,840 --> 00:43:22,920
Speaker 1: the same year the settlement they made five millions, so

712
00:43:22,920 --> 00:43:24,560
Speaker 1: so so that twenty one million is a drop in

713
00:43:24,600 --> 00:43:27,480
Speaker 1: the bucket really when you get down to it. More recently,

714
00:43:27,880 --> 00:43:31,560
Speaker 1: you've probably seen yogurt ads featuring hunky men like John

715
00:43:31,600 --> 00:43:34,600
Speaker 1: Stamos and women deciding they'd rather have sex with the yogurt.

716
00:43:34,920 --> 00:43:37,640
Speaker 1: Speaking of John Stamos, let's not forget Yogurt's recent for

717
00:43:37,719 --> 00:43:42,160
Speaker 1: a and to masculine gendered yogurt with products like Brogert.

718
00:43:42,480 --> 00:43:48,040
Speaker 1: Brogurt introduced more protein, hilure muscle building needs and the

719
00:43:48,239 --> 00:43:51,600
Speaker 1: just black containers. Yeah, because you can't eat yogurt out

720
00:43:51,600 --> 00:43:54,319
Speaker 1: of a white container because it makes you less masculine.

721
00:43:55,600 --> 00:43:58,200
Speaker 1: What we're really saying here, y'all is its sexism hurts

722
00:43:58,239 --> 00:44:04,440
Speaker 1: men too. So yeah. Texas, on a side, aside other

723
00:44:04,600 --> 00:44:09,839
Speaker 1: other other key marketing things, established its American subsidiary in

724
00:44:10,000 --> 00:44:12,160
Speaker 1: two thousand four. It started to be sold in the

725
00:44:12,239 --> 00:44:18,480
Speaker 1: US before that around nineteen, I believe and factory in

726
00:44:18,640 --> 00:44:21,440
Speaker 1: upstate New York was established in two thousand eight. A

727
00:44:21,520 --> 00:44:23,640
Speaker 1: year before that, in two thousand and seven, they had

728
00:44:23,680 --> 00:44:26,799
Speaker 1: an ad along the Macy's Day Parade route. That same year,

729
00:44:27,560 --> 00:44:31,360
Speaker 1: Joe Bonnie bought a factory big enough for mass distribution

730
00:44:31,440 --> 00:44:34,879
Speaker 1: from Craft also in Upstate New York, right next door

731
00:44:34,920 --> 00:44:38,240
Speaker 1: to Faia. And speaking of Joe Bonnie, during the Winter

732
00:44:38,280 --> 00:44:41,920
Speaker 1: Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia blocked a shipment of five

733
00:44:41,920 --> 00:44:45,080
Speaker 1: thousand cups of yogurt meant for American athletes due to

734
00:44:46,239 --> 00:44:50,280
Speaker 1: in proper paperwork. It ended up getting donated to food banks,

735
00:44:50,400 --> 00:44:53,600
Speaker 1: and the Olympians never got it. Poor Olympians, I mean.

736
00:44:53,640 --> 00:44:55,520
Speaker 1: But yeah, for the food banks that that must have

737
00:44:55,560 --> 00:44:58,800
Speaker 1: been a really nice surprise. Um. Of course, we cannot

738
00:44:58,840 --> 00:45:01,839
Speaker 1: talk about yogurt without mentioning at least a tiny bit

739
00:45:02,480 --> 00:45:05,200
Speaker 1: frozen yogurt. Well, like we said earlier, it was invented

740
00:45:06,040 --> 00:45:09,400
Speaker 1: in the nineties ish. But one of the big moments

741
00:45:09,400 --> 00:45:13,160
Speaker 1: of note was when Pinkberry opened its l A store

742
00:45:13,200 --> 00:45:15,759
Speaker 1: in two five. A lot of fanfare, a lot of excitement,

743
00:45:15,960 --> 00:45:22,080
Speaker 1: kind of the start of froyos. Wonderful like ten years

744
00:45:22,160 --> 00:45:27,319
Speaker 1: Cizar decade at the forefront of the American consciousness, but

745
00:45:27,440 --> 00:45:31,160
Speaker 1: by papers like The Washington Post reported on the decline

746
00:45:31,160 --> 00:45:35,320
Speaker 1: of froyo, running headlines like with cupcakes and decline is

747
00:45:35,360 --> 00:45:43,640
Speaker 1: frozen yogurt? The next to fall. That's beautiful. I'm picturing

748
00:45:43,719 --> 00:45:46,080
Speaker 1: I'm picturing like a risk board, but but with like

749
00:45:46,160 --> 00:45:49,880
Speaker 1: with like cakes in one carter and fro yo and another.

750
00:45:50,520 --> 00:45:54,200
Speaker 1: We should definitely do a whole episode on on frozen yogurt,

751
00:45:54,239 --> 00:45:56,880
Speaker 1: because I think that the Yeah, I do love frozen yogurt,

752
00:45:57,360 --> 00:45:59,359
Speaker 1: I hardly ever get it, but what I do, it's

753
00:45:59,360 --> 00:46:01,840
Speaker 1: a nice special day. It is, it is. I'm always

754
00:46:01,880 --> 00:46:04,120
Speaker 1: I'm always so flummixed when I'm standing by all of

755
00:46:04,120 --> 00:46:08,800
Speaker 1: those pigots though, because it's just like, I'm hypothetically here

756
00:46:09,320 --> 00:46:11,640
Speaker 1: to eat a dessert, but so much of my brain

757
00:46:11,760 --> 00:46:14,360
Speaker 1: just bulks at the idea of putting like chocolate sauce

758
00:46:14,480 --> 00:46:16,680
Speaker 1: on yogurt because I'm like, hey, it's not gonna taste

759
00:46:16,680 --> 00:46:19,920
Speaker 1: that good. I'd rather just eat a chocolate bar. Yeah,

760
00:46:20,040 --> 00:46:22,920
Speaker 1: And and be like, why am I doing this to yogurt,

761
00:46:23,000 --> 00:46:26,680
Speaker 1: which has done nothing to me, It's so kind to me.

762
00:46:26,800 --> 00:46:31,000
Speaker 1: Why am I putting sprinkles on it? Because you got

763
00:46:31,200 --> 00:46:34,400
Speaker 1: you can't change the role, but you can change the way.

764
00:46:35,840 --> 00:46:38,800
Speaker 1: So if you're turned off by all of this marketing

765
00:46:38,800 --> 00:46:42,000
Speaker 1: and you're thinking maybe I want to make my own yogurt,

766
00:46:42,920 --> 00:46:46,440
Speaker 1: just wait until after this short break and we'll let

767
00:46:46,440 --> 00:46:56,520
Speaker 1: you know how to do that, and we're back. Let's

768
00:46:56,520 --> 00:46:59,040
Speaker 1: say you are an Olympian facing a yogurt storage, or

769
00:46:59,080 --> 00:47:01,360
Speaker 1: maybe just an average person looking to save some yogurt money.

770
00:47:01,680 --> 00:47:03,840
Speaker 1: How would you go about making your own yonger? You

771
00:47:03,840 --> 00:47:07,640
Speaker 1: can make your own yogurt. I I believe you can.

772
00:47:07,840 --> 00:47:11,240
Speaker 1: I've never done it, I mean either, but but experts

773
00:47:11,320 --> 00:47:14,080
Speaker 1: say that there's a couple of ways. For the easiest method,

774
00:47:14,239 --> 00:47:18,279
Speaker 1: You're gonna need some milk, preferably whole or two and

775
00:47:18,600 --> 00:47:21,960
Speaker 1: some plain Greek or regular yogurt. UM. Just make sure

776
00:47:22,000 --> 00:47:24,480
Speaker 1: there are the live cultures listed in ingredients, like we

777
00:47:24,480 --> 00:47:27,200
Speaker 1: said earlier, UM, and the more the better, specifically for

778
00:47:27,280 --> 00:47:30,640
Speaker 1: yogurt making. UM. I read that it's better to get

779
00:47:30,640 --> 00:47:33,279
Speaker 1: one of the like large global brands instead of one

780
00:47:33,320 --> 00:47:36,720
Speaker 1: of the smaller specialty kind of brands because those larger

781
00:47:36,719 --> 00:47:41,960
Speaker 1: brands contain more like predictable, dependable cultures and so so

782
00:47:42,200 --> 00:47:44,080
Speaker 1: it just it just might not culture properly if you

783
00:47:44,160 --> 00:47:47,640
Speaker 1: use one of the one off cups. You're also gonna

784
00:47:47,640 --> 00:47:51,320
Speaker 1: want to make sure all your equipment is nice and sterile,

785
00:47:51,480 --> 00:47:54,520
Speaker 1: because you didn't want any other weird germs, bacteria, messing

786
00:47:54,600 --> 00:47:56,759
Speaker 1: up your culture. You're gonna need a heavy pot and

787
00:47:56,800 --> 00:47:59,320
Speaker 1: the lid. A lot of people said they use Dutch ovens.

788
00:47:59,719 --> 00:48:01,960
Speaker 1: Once you got your equipment. First, you're gonna want to

789
00:48:01,960 --> 00:48:05,759
Speaker 1: heat the milk to about two degrees fairretneit or degree celsius,

790
00:48:06,200 --> 00:48:09,080
Speaker 1: steering gently because you don't want it to scorch. And

791
00:48:09,760 --> 00:48:12,799
Speaker 1: this temperature changes the protein structures of the milk we

792
00:48:12,800 --> 00:48:15,600
Speaker 1: talked about earlier. Um. And then you're gonna want to

793
00:48:15,600 --> 00:48:18,000
Speaker 1: cool it so it's just worm enough to touch about

794
00:48:18,000 --> 00:48:21,799
Speaker 1: one degrees fahrenheit are forty six degrees celsius. And you're

795
00:48:21,800 --> 00:48:23,719
Speaker 1: gonna keep staring it because you don't want to skin

796
00:48:23,800 --> 00:48:27,000
Speaker 1: to form over the top. Uh huh. And then you're

797
00:48:27,040 --> 00:48:29,560
Speaker 1: gonna add about a cup of milk to thin out

798
00:48:29,600 --> 00:48:32,560
Speaker 1: the yogurt, and you're gonna whisk to combine. Lauren and

799
00:48:32,600 --> 00:48:41,239
Speaker 1: I are both like gesturing this, Yeah, it's I'm visualizing

800
00:48:41,280 --> 00:48:44,319
Speaker 1: it as I say it. Then you're gonna put the

801
00:48:44,400 --> 00:48:48,799
Speaker 1: pot covered in a turned off oven with a light

802
00:48:48,960 --> 00:48:53,319
Speaker 1: turned on or some other insulated warm place. You wait

803
00:48:53,360 --> 00:48:55,840
Speaker 1: for it to set, which is about four hours or

804
00:48:55,840 --> 00:48:58,680
Speaker 1: over night. The longer you wait, more tartness you'll get

805
00:48:58,680 --> 00:49:00,560
Speaker 1: out of the flavor and also the thick or the yogurt.

806
00:49:00,640 --> 00:49:03,600
Speaker 1: That makes sense, Yeah, learned the bacteria do their thing

807
00:49:03,600 --> 00:49:06,640
Speaker 1: getting more lactasted in there. That doesn't make sense. And

808
00:49:06,920 --> 00:49:09,719
Speaker 1: when the yogurt has set to your liking, remove it

809
00:49:09,719 --> 00:49:12,160
Speaker 1: from the oven or wherever it is you stashed it

810
00:49:12,239 --> 00:49:16,360
Speaker 1: and let it cool. You can either pour off the

811
00:49:16,400 --> 00:49:19,640
Speaker 1: way or you can whisk it in um. Even if

812
00:49:19,680 --> 00:49:22,480
Speaker 1: you pour off the way, whisk it for good measure,

813
00:49:22,600 --> 00:49:24,840
Speaker 1: okay uh, and you can keep that way. If you

814
00:49:24,880 --> 00:49:26,960
Speaker 1: do pour it off, you can keep it and use

815
00:49:27,000 --> 00:49:29,360
Speaker 1: it for for baking purposes. You can use it as

816
00:49:29,360 --> 00:49:32,439
Speaker 1: a substitute and like your your your bread or quick

817
00:49:32,520 --> 00:49:36,200
Speaker 1: bread recipes. Um. Or you could add it to a smoothie.

818
00:49:36,320 --> 00:49:39,400
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, well that makes perfect nutritious and delicious tastes

819
00:49:39,480 --> 00:49:44,000
Speaker 1: just like way. So you've whisked the yogurt, yes, And

820
00:49:44,040 --> 00:49:47,440
Speaker 1: then you can transfer it to containers and refrigerate it

821
00:49:47,480 --> 00:49:49,719
Speaker 1: for up to two weeks. And after this you can

822
00:49:49,760 --> 00:49:53,239
Speaker 1: make more homemade yogurt using your own homemade yogurt. What

823
00:49:53,400 --> 00:49:57,920
Speaker 1: whoa that starter culture? Y'all? Yeah? If you happen to

824
00:49:57,960 --> 00:50:01,520
Speaker 1: have a dehydrator or yogurt maker, you can use those

825
00:50:01,560 --> 00:50:04,720
Speaker 1: to do this. I have seen some recipes for people

826
00:50:04,840 --> 00:50:07,160
Speaker 1: instead of putting it in a Dutch oven, they put

827
00:50:07,160 --> 00:50:12,480
Speaker 1: the yogurt individual mason jars. That sounds slightly unnecessarily complicated,

828
00:50:12,560 --> 00:50:14,480
Speaker 1: but but I guess you save time on the back

829
00:50:14,600 --> 00:50:17,640
Speaker 1: end of packaging variations of this, you can add gelatine

830
00:50:17,719 --> 00:50:20,719
Speaker 1: or milk powder for thickness, and whatever flavors you'd like.

831
00:50:20,960 --> 00:50:23,600
Speaker 1: Vanilla is one of the most popular options. But yeah,

832
00:50:23,640 --> 00:50:25,560
Speaker 1: you can also add a jam or something in there

833
00:50:25,560 --> 00:50:28,000
Speaker 1: if you want that fruit on the bottom kind of experience.

834
00:50:28,640 --> 00:50:31,480
Speaker 1: And to make your own Greek yogurt, you strain it

835
00:50:31,520 --> 00:50:35,560
Speaker 1: to the thickness you like, using a cheesecloth a strainer. Yeah,

836
00:50:35,640 --> 00:50:38,319
Speaker 1: you just just take the cheese cloth or or like

837
00:50:38,320 --> 00:50:40,359
Speaker 1: a clean cotton or something, put the yogurt in there,

838
00:50:41,040 --> 00:50:44,759
Speaker 1: hang it over a bowl. Yeah, this sounds let it

839
00:50:44,840 --> 00:50:48,920
Speaker 1: drain out, very simple. I thought there was gonna be

840
00:50:48,920 --> 00:50:51,319
Speaker 1: a lot more steps and a lot more waiting when

841
00:50:51,360 --> 00:50:54,160
Speaker 1: I originally in my head was envisioning how do you

842
00:50:54,200 --> 00:50:57,080
Speaker 1: make yogurt? Like, it's clearly got to be so complicated,

843
00:50:57,560 --> 00:51:01,319
Speaker 1: but it's really just waiting for bacteria to poop. When

844
00:51:01,400 --> 00:51:07,239
Speaker 1: you put it that way, I definitely want to try this. Yeah. Absolutely.

845
00:51:07,360 --> 00:51:11,280
Speaker 1: The other most commonly use method is almost exactly the same,

846
00:51:11,480 --> 00:51:15,920
Speaker 1: except instead of using store bought or homemade yogurt, use

847
00:51:15,960 --> 00:51:19,360
Speaker 1: a powdered yogurt starter h and you follow the directions

848
00:51:19,360 --> 00:51:21,879
Speaker 1: on the package. But after that it's pretty much the same.

849
00:51:22,280 --> 00:51:25,520
Speaker 1: Difficulty level is only higher and procuring this kind of

850
00:51:25,520 --> 00:51:28,000
Speaker 1: obscured ingredients I hear that it exists or or that

851
00:51:28,040 --> 00:51:30,799
Speaker 1: you can purchase it online. Certainly, and by the way,

852
00:51:30,800 --> 00:51:32,879
Speaker 1: if you want to make yogurt from soy or rice

853
00:51:32,960 --> 00:51:36,480
Speaker 1: or coconut or nut milks, you probably want to use

854
00:51:36,560 --> 00:51:40,320
Speaker 1: powdered cultures. I guess you could try with like store

855
00:51:40,320 --> 00:51:44,799
Speaker 1: bought live culture whatever type of yogurt um, but um,

856
00:51:45,080 --> 00:51:48,319
Speaker 1: but it's reportedly more temperamental than dairy milk yogurts, so

857
00:51:48,440 --> 00:51:52,120
Speaker 1: using those, using those packaged powdered cultures might be the

858
00:51:52,120 --> 00:51:56,399
Speaker 1: easiest way to get done. Um And so why why

859
00:51:56,400 --> 00:51:59,000
Speaker 1: would you want to do this other than like you're

860
00:51:59,040 --> 00:52:01,000
Speaker 1: curious and you want to have a large amount of

861
00:52:01,040 --> 00:52:06,279
Speaker 1: dairy product sitting in your oven overnight. It's not It's

862
00:52:06,320 --> 00:52:09,960
Speaker 1: not difficult really, and advocates report that it's both tastier

863
00:52:10,000 --> 00:52:13,200
Speaker 1: and thicker than store about yogurt is. Furthermore, if you

864
00:52:13,239 --> 00:52:16,120
Speaker 1: eat it often, you'll be reducing the number of plastic

865
00:52:16,160 --> 00:52:19,040
Speaker 1: containers that are in circulation, which is nice. There's also

866
00:52:19,080 --> 00:52:22,640
Speaker 1: the cost um There's a really great cookbook or cook

867
00:52:22,760 --> 00:52:25,920
Speaker 1: guide called Make the Bread by the Butter that Annie

868
00:52:26,120 --> 00:52:30,359
Speaker 1: introduced me to. It's by Jennifer Reese, no relation um,

869
00:52:30,560 --> 00:52:33,759
Speaker 1: she and and she reports in the book that the

870
00:52:33,840 --> 00:52:37,520
Speaker 1: cost difference is pretty significant as well. Um as prices.

871
00:52:37,600 --> 00:52:40,200
Speaker 1: A court of store bought yogurt cost anywhere from like

872
00:52:40,640 --> 00:52:44,520
Speaker 1: three dollars fifteen cents to eight dollars for the cheapest

873
00:52:44,600 --> 00:52:47,920
Speaker 1: generic brands to the really sh fancy Greek style name brands,

874
00:52:48,239 --> 00:52:52,000
Speaker 1: whereas homemade yogurt cost a dollar seventy five for a

875
00:52:52,080 --> 00:52:58,720
Speaker 1: court So yeah, pretty substantial. But other than just eating it, hey,

876
00:52:58,760 --> 00:53:00,600
Speaker 1: what else can you use yogurt for? You can use

877
00:53:00,680 --> 00:53:04,600
Speaker 1: yogurt for a pretty wide variety of things, especially in

878
00:53:05,320 --> 00:53:09,759
Speaker 1: the realm of substitution. You can substitute oil. I use

879
00:53:09,840 --> 00:53:12,959
Speaker 1: it when I make like fruit breads, like pumpkin bread. Yeah,

880
00:53:13,080 --> 00:53:17,600
Speaker 1: you can substitute your sour cream. I've been able to

881
00:53:17,600 --> 00:53:21,040
Speaker 1: fool myself into like blue cheese kind of thing okay,

882
00:53:21,160 --> 00:53:25,840
Speaker 1: yeah sure, mayo, and like chicken or potato or tuna

883
00:53:25,880 --> 00:53:29,960
Speaker 1: salats or for cream in soups or stews or mashed potatoes.

884
00:53:30,520 --> 00:53:36,600
Speaker 1: Yeah um. Also smoothies, yesies a lot homemade for you,

885
00:53:37,280 --> 00:53:40,640
Speaker 1: or or even as a dessert topping, which is like

886
00:53:41,120 --> 00:53:44,200
Speaker 1: kind of a substitution for whipped cream. I guess, um,

887
00:53:44,239 --> 00:53:46,359
Speaker 1: but it's it's really its own lovely thing. It's it's

888
00:53:46,360 --> 00:53:49,040
Speaker 1: great on like short cakes and bunt cakes, anything kind

889
00:53:49,080 --> 00:53:53,040
Speaker 1: of like like heavy and sweet, um and and really

890
00:53:53,080 --> 00:53:55,600
Speaker 1: seriously like one of my favorite things is pound cake

891
00:53:55,800 --> 00:53:59,680
Speaker 1: with supreme grapefruit or blood orange sections and a dollop

892
00:53:59,719 --> 00:54:02,960
Speaker 1: of plain yogurt and a fresh crack of black pepper

893
00:54:03,320 --> 00:54:05,880
Speaker 1: over the top. That sounds delicious. It's so good. Um.

894
00:54:05,920 --> 00:54:09,920
Speaker 1: And thanks to my friend darryl Autrey for that one. Thanks,

895
00:54:09,719 --> 00:54:11,680
Speaker 1: it's really it's really good. Go. Let's let's all go.

896
00:54:11,800 --> 00:54:13,719
Speaker 1: Let's go get a let's go get a pound cake.

897
00:54:15,040 --> 00:54:20,360
Speaker 1: I'm so down. Before we wrap up completely, it's time

898
00:54:20,440 --> 00:54:23,120
Speaker 1: to read some listener of mail, because we have been

899
00:54:23,160 --> 00:54:26,320
Speaker 1: hearing from some of you. It's been lovely, Yes, keep emailing.

900
00:54:28,280 --> 00:54:32,359
Speaker 1: This one is from a history PhD from the UK

901
00:54:32,640 --> 00:54:34,759
Speaker 1: named Stephanie. Yeah, that she wrote in to say, I

902
00:54:34,760 --> 00:54:37,239
Speaker 1: admit I tend not to drink a lot of champagne,

903
00:54:37,480 --> 00:54:39,719
Speaker 1: both due to cost and preference. I'm a big fan

904
00:54:39,760 --> 00:54:42,680
Speaker 1: of prosecco, though it's made with much cheaper with the

905
00:54:42,760 --> 00:54:46,280
Speaker 1: much cheaper tank method and ends up more bubbly than champagne.

906
00:54:46,600 --> 00:54:50,080
Speaker 1: It's also easy to get good prosecco affordably um aside

907
00:54:50,239 --> 00:54:53,520
Speaker 1: from Lauren Uh. Prosecco is also totally what I drank

908
00:54:53,840 --> 00:54:56,759
Speaker 1: at home, most of prosecco and coba for for very

909
00:54:56,880 --> 00:55:01,160
Speaker 1: very much. Those reasons verified by Annie. Yeah. Back to Stephanie.

910
00:55:01,160 --> 00:55:02,920
Speaker 1: The big thing I remembered was going to a wine

911
00:55:02,920 --> 00:55:04,960
Speaker 1: tasting and being told that the best thing to have

912
00:55:05,040 --> 00:55:08,560
Speaker 1: with champagne is fish and chips, something about the bubbles

913
00:55:08,560 --> 00:55:11,080
Speaker 1: cutting through greasiness and being just acidic enough to be

914
00:55:11,120 --> 00:55:15,080
Speaker 1: extra nice aside from any that sounds delicious, right, Okay,

915
00:55:15,239 --> 00:55:18,440
Speaker 1: back stuffing. As for cauliflower with velvita, I'm sure it's

916
00:55:18,440 --> 00:55:21,560
Speaker 1: the americanized cauliflower cheese that seems to be a big

917
00:55:21,600 --> 00:55:25,120
Speaker 1: thing in the UK. It's basically macaroni and cheese cauliflower

918
00:55:25,239 --> 00:55:27,760
Speaker 1: rather than noodles. It's really common as a ready meal

919
00:55:27,800 --> 00:55:31,800
Speaker 1: here and generally cheap though with actual cheddar cheese. In fact,

920
00:55:31,840 --> 00:55:35,319
Speaker 1: cauliflower is generally so cheap here. Um. Earlier today I

921
00:55:35,360 --> 00:55:38,239
Speaker 1: saw a head for eightpence or about a dollar that

922
00:55:38,360 --> 00:55:42,680
Speaker 1: the idea of it being expensive was baffling, uh end quote.

923
00:55:42,920 --> 00:55:45,000
Speaker 1: And then Stephanie followed up with a link to a

924
00:55:45,040 --> 00:55:48,960
Speaker 1: report on this winter's cauliflower crop from the UK from

925
00:55:48,840 --> 00:55:51,320
Speaker 1: a from I t V News And apparently the market

926
00:55:51,360 --> 00:55:55,120
Speaker 1: for cauliflower there is so overwhelmed by international imports that

927
00:55:55,200 --> 00:55:57,840
Speaker 1: East Kent farmers have had to plow huge amounts of

928
00:55:57,840 --> 00:56:00,600
Speaker 1: their crops back into the soil this year. Um. Uh.

929
00:56:01,280 --> 00:56:05,040
Speaker 1: Price barkets on perishables are so fascinating. Yeah. And also

930
00:56:05,160 --> 00:56:07,560
Speaker 1: that's so sad. I know that makes me very sad

931
00:56:08,600 --> 00:56:15,520
Speaker 1: and it's making extremely sad face right. Uh yeah, thanks

932
00:56:15,560 --> 00:56:17,840
Speaker 1: so much for writing in, Stephanie. That was that was

933
00:56:17,880 --> 00:56:21,520
Speaker 1: really interesting. While we're thanking people, UM, I wanted to

934
00:56:21,560 --> 00:56:26,200
Speaker 1: throw a thank you to UM audio producer Dylan Fagin

935
00:56:26,440 --> 00:56:30,080
Speaker 1: for for recording this for us. He's waving at us,

936
00:56:30,160 --> 00:56:33,200
Speaker 1: he's listening. All. Thanks to all of you for for

937
00:56:33,280 --> 00:56:36,000
Speaker 1: also listening to this this whole time. If you have

938
00:56:36,520 --> 00:56:39,080
Speaker 1: any suggestions for other things that you would like to

939
00:56:39,160 --> 00:56:42,879
Speaker 1: listen to us talk about. You can you can email us. Yes,

940
00:56:42,960 --> 00:56:45,960
Speaker 1: we have a fancy new email address is food stuff

941
00:56:46,040 --> 00:56:49,440
Speaker 1: at how stuff works dot com. Also, thanks to local

942
00:56:50,000 --> 00:56:54,120
Speaker 1: Atlanta Greek yogurt maker Atlanta Fresh, yeah, we were able

943
00:56:54,160 --> 00:56:56,960
Speaker 1: to go talk to them about this small industrial production

944
00:56:57,560 --> 00:57:00,640
Speaker 1: and and yeah, thank thanks to all of them for

945
00:57:00,719 --> 00:57:05,719
Speaker 1: being so generous. Yeah, and there is a video component

946
00:57:05,880 --> 00:57:08,560
Speaker 1: to this episode. As we have mentioned, it should be

947
00:57:08,600 --> 00:57:12,080
Speaker 1: available on Amazon Prime if you if you google us,

948
00:57:12,200 --> 00:57:14,800
Speaker 1: you'll you'll you'll figure it out, y'all. Y'all are smart

949
00:57:14,840 --> 00:57:18,080
Speaker 1: out Internet. You can figure it out. You totally can. Um.

950
00:57:18,120 --> 00:57:21,080
Speaker 1: So yeah, again, thank you so much for listening. Um,

951
00:57:21,160 --> 00:57:23,840
Speaker 1: we'll talk to you again real soon. And we hope

952
00:57:23,880 --> 00:57:36,680
Speaker 1: that many more lovely things are coming your way