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Speaker 1: Also media, welcome back to Behind the Bastards, a podcast

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Speaker 1: about terrible people. You know, we've got a great episode,

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Speaker 1: a couple of episodes for you this week with Ed

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Speaker 1: Zitron of Better Offline.

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Speaker 2: Ed.

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Speaker 1: How you doing, buddy, I'm.

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Speaker 3: Doing fantastically, love being here.

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Speaker 1: I'd be doing better. But you know, we have something

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Speaker 1: sad to talk about today.

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Speaker 2: Ed.

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Speaker 1: We're gonna give a little moment of silence for fourteen

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Speaker 1: FDA agents who were just trying to do their job,

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Speaker 1: but unfortunately, you know, they got between Sophie and her

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Speaker 1: hgh ring and you know that's just never, never a

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Speaker 1: safe thing to do. Also back on the show is

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Speaker 1: Sophie Lichterman, who is recovering south of the border in

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Speaker 1: a hidden steadfast. Sophie, why did those men need to die?

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Speaker 4: Why is that the cover story you gave me? I

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Speaker 4: feel like you could have done something so much cooler.

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Speaker 1: I think that's pretty cool shooting it out with the

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Speaker 1: FDA and going on the run to Mexican string. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: an hgh Ring, Well, I didn't want to like accuse

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Speaker 1: you of selling hard drugs. I mean sure, and everybody

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Speaker 1: loves loves hgh at least Joe Rogan loves HGH so

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Speaker 1: fem you can.

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Speaker 3: Get on the show.

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Speaker 4: Is that the I mean, I've been sent some very

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Speaker 4: fascinating messages. Is that the only reason you told people?

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Speaker 1: I was how I just told people you'd shot it

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Speaker 1: out with the FDA and you were on the run.

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Speaker 4: I mean I kind of wish.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, it would be more fun.

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Speaker 1: But you know you're back, you're healing. Uh, yeah, you're

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Speaker 1: feeling feeling a little better.

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Speaker 4: Well, I mean, surgery sucks. Don't have surgery unless you

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Speaker 4: absolutely need it, as my surgery sucks.

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Speaker 1: And let's let's talk for a second here. Doctors are

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Speaker 1: not giving out enough painkillers. You should have gotten delauded

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Speaker 1: for for for what you went through, and they just

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Speaker 1: gave you a little bit of code own. I'm livid

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Speaker 1: on your behalf.

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Speaker 4: The amount of times you've set me that.

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Speaker 3: Writing is so funny. ED, welcome again to the show.

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Speaker 4: But I just have one more thing to say. Sure,

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Speaker 4: I'm so sorry for anything that happened without my supervision.

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Speaker 1: It was fine, it was fine. I was on my

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Speaker 1: best behavior.

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Speaker 2: I'm not going to be today even listen, and I

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Speaker 2: know that's not true. Today we're going to get really

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Speaker 2: out of pocket. You know, because I've got a subject

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Speaker 2: that I could only have brought a British guest on for.

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Speaker 2: And that subject is France, right, Okay, specifically, specifically, I

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Speaker 2: wanted to talk about the culture of Versailles, the subculture

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Speaker 2: of the nobility at Versailles that started in the reign

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Speaker 2: of Louis the fourteenth, the son king, and led right

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Speaker 2: up to the French Revolution. And I wanted to talk

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Speaker 2: about this because, and I'm sure you've heard a little

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Speaker 2: about this, we've caught a little case of the oligarchy

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Speaker 2: here in the United States.

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Speaker 3: I have been hearing this.

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Speaker 1: We've all been hearing this. Yes, you know, as unless

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Speaker 1: you're listening to this years after the fact, and we

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Speaker 1: did it, Joe again, you are probably here listening to

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Speaker 1: this on a day where you have slightly fewer rights

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Speaker 1: and freedoms than you had a few days earlier. Right, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: because that's that's been the vibe of the last couple

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Speaker 1: of weeks.

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Speaker 3: And someone who looks and sounds like both Beavis and

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Speaker 3: butt Head knows my Social Security number.

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Speaker 1: Yes, the day I started typing out this episode February nineteenth,

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Speaker 1: twenty twenty five, President Trump made a very funny joke

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Speaker 1: describing himself as as a king, and this set me

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Speaker 1: to thinking about the first Trump rally I attended in

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Speaker 1: twenty sixteen, in which I met a British man who

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Speaker 1: was a naturalized US citizen, who told me that he

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Speaker 1: supported a Trump dynasty ruling the United States from here

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Speaker 1: on out. He wanted Trump Junior to take over after

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Speaker 1: his dad finished his terms. And I was like, man,

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Speaker 1: you are in the wrong country. You lived in the

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Speaker 1: country that did that.

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Speaker 3: He did this.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, I think I think I talked to that same

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Speaker 4: guy at last RNC.

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Speaker 1: Oh good. Yeah, he was also.

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Speaker 4: British, and I also looked at him like he was like, yeah, well,

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Speaker 4: I mean there's many of them, you know, you go dogs.

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Speaker 3: Trump's yeah, and He's.

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Speaker 4: Like, and what about that baron? And I'm like, sir, what.

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Speaker 1: The fuck about that baron? Yeah, he could probably hoop.

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Speaker 1: You do have to give that to him. He's got

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Speaker 1: at least potential, alois, don't. I don't think he's very

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Speaker 1: fast anyway. When you've got the guy in charge of

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Speaker 1: your country talking about being a king, and you've got

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Speaker 1: a group of the wealthiest people talking openly about ending

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Speaker 1: voting rights and solidifying themselves as a permanent aristocracy. You know,

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Speaker 1: you're in a situation where it's not unreasonable to start

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Speaker 1: looking at other quote unquote permanent aristocracies in history and

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Speaker 1: what happened to them, Right, And so that's why I

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Speaker 1: wanted to talk about Versailla this week. Right, You know,

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Speaker 1: this is a case where the bastard is this system,

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Speaker 1: this world of the nobility, where they were cloistered away

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Speaker 1: from the rest of the country deliberately for some interesting reasons,

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Speaker 1: and like what happened to their brains as a result

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Speaker 1: of that, and kind of why it all came crashing down. Right,

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Speaker 1: This is not going to be obviously, Mike Duncan's done

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Speaker 1: the much more full version of like why the French

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Speaker 1: Revolution happened. This is not These aren't episodes about the

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Speaker 1: French Revolution. These are specifically episodes about how the Court

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Speaker 1: at Versailles came into being, how it kind of how

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Speaker 1: it deranged the people who lived there, and how that

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Speaker 1: aspect of things contributed to the revolution. So largely we're

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Speaker 1: talking about what's wrong with French people.

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Speaker 3: Yep, yeah, yeah, on nine episodes.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, and what do you know about Versailles?

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Speaker 3: Oh? Alarmingly little just the Treaty of Versaill and how

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Speaker 3: well that went.

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Speaker 1: That did go really well, really well. There were a

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Speaker 1: couple of those treaties and they all went well. But yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: so there's a Probably the best popular culture touchstone on

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Speaker 1: this recently would be that two thousand and sixth Sophia

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Speaker 1: Coppola movie about Marie Antoinette.

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Speaker 4: Sure, and everybody knows about you know, the garden.

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Speaker 1: I actually don't know about the garden, the garden of Versailles. Oh,

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Speaker 1: I mean you mean the literal guy that you're talking

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Speaker 1: about a movie called the Garden. No, Yes, there's a

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Speaker 1: nice garden versall.

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Speaker 4: Yes, that is that is the borderline like basic knowledge

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Speaker 4: that everybody has.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, which is why I knew about him.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, nice garden, big palace, you know, but I think

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Speaker 1: that Okay, I'm glad that's what you know, because there's

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Speaker 1: a lot more there. The story of Versailles is the

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Speaker 1: story of, among other things, the invention of like the

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Speaker 1: modern centralized administrative state, just done in kind of the

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Speaker 1: craziest way imaginable. And in order to tell that story,

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Speaker 1: we've got to start with a guy who is probably

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Speaker 1: close to you know what, what of the contenders for

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Speaker 1: like best at being a king, just on a technical level,

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Speaker 1: of anybody who was ever a king. Louis the fourteen,

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Speaker 1: better known as the Sun King because he had a

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Speaker 1: very high opinion of himself but which was somewhat justified.

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Speaker 1: This is the guy who is the longest reigning king

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Speaker 1: in human history, like nobody, nobody was king for longer.

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Speaker 1: Probably he spent seventy two years on the throne, which

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Speaker 1: is nuts, like an objectively crazy amount of time to

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Speaker 1: do any job. El Davis of Kings, I do, crazy podcaster.

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Speaker 1: He was wretched and crazy at the end. He's so

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Speaker 1: wretched and crazy. Oh my god, his ass is rotting.

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Speaker 1: That's what kills him.

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Speaker 3: It's great.

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Speaker 1: From ass Rod, Yes he sure does. And oh yeah,

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Speaker 1: oh yeah, this story's got it all baby. So Louis

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Speaker 1: the fourteenth. All of the French kings in this period

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Speaker 1: are are Louis right. They will be referred to kind

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Speaker 1: of casually by some historians as the Louis Right because

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Speaker 1: they're kind of interchangeable, with the exception of the Son

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Speaker 1: King in some ways where you just talking about like

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Speaker 1: and then this Louis and that. Yeah, So Louis the fourteenth,

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Speaker 1: our boy was born in September of sixteen thirty eight

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Speaker 1: to Anne of Austria and Louis the thirteenth. His mom

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Speaker 1: was shockingly old to give birth at the time. She's

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Speaker 1: like middle aged and had had four stillbirths before him,

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Speaker 1: so the fact that he came out not just alive

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Speaker 1: but very healthy was regarded as a miracle and a

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Speaker 1: good sign right he would grow up to be a

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Speaker 1: mama's boy. So Louis the thirteenth dies like immediately after

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Speaker 1: his son is born, and he had been very clear

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Speaker 1: in his last days that Anne, his wife, should not

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Speaker 1: govern after his death. This is a thing in a

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Speaker 1: lot of other European countries, like in many European countries,

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Speaker 1: like in Russia, right women can reign, you know, like

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Speaker 1: the queen if things work out that way, the queen

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Speaker 1: can be the regent, that she can run shit. Right.

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Speaker 1: That is not the case in France. They do not

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Speaker 1: allow that in this period in France, and Louis the

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Speaker 1: eighth is like, Anne should not govern after my death,

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Speaker 1: and so he creates a regency council to manage things

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Speaker 1: until Louis the fourteenth is old enough to run France

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Speaker 1: on his own and part of why he does this

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Speaker 1: is that Anne is not French, right, She's Anne of Austria. Now,

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Speaker 1: that's also not a good description of who she was,

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Speaker 1: because you would expect giving them the name is Anne

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Speaker 1: of Austria, you would expect her to be from Austria, right, right?

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Speaker 3: Where is she from?

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Speaker 1: Absolutely?

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Speaker 3: Oh?

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Speaker 1: Ed, of course she's not from a She's from Spain. Obviously.

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Speaker 1: You call Anne of Austria the Austria the woman from Spain.

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Speaker 1: She's the Queen of Navarre. She's like the whole sta thing.

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Speaker 1: And her name has nothing to do with geography. It's

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Speaker 1: purely a result of the fact that she is a Habsburg. Right,

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Speaker 1: there's a branch of the family who are Spanish, right, yeah,

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Speaker 1: And that that's why she's Anne of Austria, because the

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Speaker 1: happenings are also the house of Austria. Yes, yes, yes, Oh,

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Speaker 1: there's so many Habsburgs. Oh, we're gonna be talking about

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Speaker 1: Habsburg jaws later in this story.

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Speaker 3: Don't worry, buddy, don't worry.

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Speaker 1: There's there's Habsburg's all throughout on his Fatherfucker, that makes

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Speaker 1: me so happy, makes me? Does it make you Habsburg Habspurg?

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Speaker 1: Hopefully then your blood wouldn't clot Actually, I don't think

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Speaker 1: that was a Habsburg problem, that's anyway.

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Speaker 3: I truly don't actually know. I just know that they

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Speaker 3: will have sex to each other. They all did.

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Speaker 1: There's a lot of people fucking their cousins in this story.

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Speaker 1: That's just not just how royalty is. So from age

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Speaker 1: four on, which is like when his dad dies, Louis

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Speaker 1: the fourteen's earliest memories would have been a political turmoil

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Speaker 1: between his mother and her native country, because again, the

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Speaker 1: fact that she's a Habsburg means that the French people

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Speaker 1: don't trust her. They're like, well, she's obviously going to

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Speaker 1: be more loyal to Spain and to Austria than she

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Speaker 1: is to France. This is a constant problem because you

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Speaker 1: are always bringing in nobles from other houses in Europe

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Speaker 1: to like marry the king, and there's always this kind

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Speaker 1: of like, well then they can't possibly put France first, right, right,

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Speaker 1: And there had just been a war between, you know,

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Speaker 1: as there is constantly in this period between France and Spain.

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Speaker 1: So there's a lot of reasons why people don't trust Anne,

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Speaker 1: and that's going to have a big influence on him.

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Speaker 1: Is this like distrust for his mom by the French people. Now,

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Speaker 1: because we're talking about European nobility this week, I really

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Speaker 1: need to emphasize everything that I say explain about these

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Speaker 1: people is going to sound ridiculous. This whole culture that

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Speaker 1: has come up around the nobility is nonsense by this period.

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Speaker 1: They've just been in power for too long and the

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Speaker 1: system is crazy. Louie is going to make it a

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Speaker 1: lot crazier. But I do think it's worth kind of

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Speaker 1: emphasizing that. So the next time you read that our

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Speaker 1: Grand Vizier Elon Musk has appointed a man named big

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Speaker 1: Balls to control all of our personal tax data, remember

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Speaker 1: that people in power have always been irritating dipshits. Right,

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Speaker 1: That's not unique to the United States. That's just something

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Speaker 1: that comes with giving small groups of people all of

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Speaker 1: the power, right.

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Speaker 3: The traditionally we did it in the post.

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Speaker 1: Yes, yes, and now we're doing it in the future.

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Speaker 3: Yeah. Good stuff, great stuff.

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Speaker 1: So Anne actually had gotten his mom had gotten confined

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Speaker 1: to house arrest for passing military secrets to her dad

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Speaker 1: at one point. But she does this thing that is

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Speaker 1: very common when she becomes the Queen Regent. She exiles

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Speaker 1: a bunch of her own supporters and kind of betrays

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Speaker 1: her family to run France. Right, she chooses to go

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Speaker 1: for France, and this was a pragmatic move because once

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Speaker 1: her husband died, her position was not really stable. Now,

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Speaker 1: most of the big decisions made for France in this

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Speaker 1: period are not.

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Speaker 3: Made by Anne.

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Speaker 1: They're made by a guy that Ann appoints to rule

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Speaker 1: in her son's stead. And that guy's name is Cardinal Mazarin,

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Speaker 1: and he is one of these like extremely powerful, like

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Speaker 1: non royal ruler, like he's not like a king, but

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Speaker 1: he's kind of governing France for a period of time. Here.

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Speaker 1: By the time the child King Louis the fourteenth is

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Speaker 1: eight or nine years old, the Thirty Years War, which

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Speaker 1: is this war that his dad, you know, had spent

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Speaker 1: his life fighting, is drawing to a close. And given

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Speaker 1: the fact that it was a thirty years war, it

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Speaker 1: had been monstrously expensive and kind of a financial disaster

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Speaker 1: for France the end of it. Cardinal Mazarin is anxious

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Speaker 1: to keep the army funded until everything is locked down

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Speaker 1: about the peace treaty. And since the crown had no

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Speaker 1: more money after thirty years of war, this meant that

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Speaker 1: they had to institute new taxes now France is a

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Speaker 1: semi feudal society.

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Speaker 3: At this point, it.

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Speaker 1: Is less feudile than basically all of the rest of Europe.

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Speaker 1: In Germany, there are still serfs, right, as in like

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Speaker 1: the common people are literally like like bonded to the land,

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Speaker 1: Like they're essentially a kind of slave. They can't leave

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Speaker 1: without the permission of the landowner.

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Speaker 3: Right.

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Speaker 1: Serfs are really not much of a thing in France

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Speaker 1: and the period that we're talking about, and they are

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Speaker 1: become they're basically going extinct. Right, France has modernized to

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Speaker 1: that extent, and in fact they're kind of the country

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Speaker 1: is sort of in the process of becoming less of

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Speaker 1: a feudal state and more of kind of like a

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Speaker 1: hybrid like modernized semi feudal state. Right, Like you still

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Speaker 1: have a nobility, the nobility our most are going in

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Speaker 1: this period are going from like literally governing directly where

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Speaker 1: you've got this duke and he controls this area too.

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Speaker 1: You've got this duke and he doesn't govern anything directly,

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Speaker 1: but he does have the right to collect taxes in

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Speaker 1: this certain area, or to collect duties in this industry

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Speaker 1: or whatever, and right that's his privilege as the duke

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Speaker 1: but he's not doing the governing. We have like professionals

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Speaker 1: who are doing the actual governing in this region or whatever.

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Speaker 1: Now during the Thirty Years War, again, the only way

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Speaker 1: that they can pay for this is by increasing taxes.

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Speaker 1: And these these taxes don't primarily hit the nobility. One

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Speaker 1: of the nobility's privileges that they maintain is an exemption

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Speaker 1: from the taxes paid by peasants and the bourgeoisie. Right

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Speaker 1: like this, basically you call them the small business owners

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Speaker 1: of France.

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Speaker 3: Right, suggesting is that the poorer people pay more and

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Speaker 3: the richer people have found a way around taxes somehow.

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Speaker 1: That's that's a big parts, yes, But there's a caveat

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Speaker 1: to that, which is the peasants are poor people and

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Speaker 1: they are paying taxes. The bourgeoisie are often wealthier than

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Speaker 1: the nobles, right huh, But they're not nobles. These are

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Speaker 1: guys who start businesses, who are running trade and stuff

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Speaker 1: for France. Some of them are extremely wealthy, and they

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Speaker 1: are also paying taxes, and they're really not happy about that, right, right,

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Speaker 1: But the nobility get a big exemption from taxes in

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Speaker 1: this period.

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Speaker 3: Right.

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Speaker 1: One of the conflicts that's going to like increasingly be

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Speaker 1: a problem up to the revolution. Is the BOURGEOISI being like, well,

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Speaker 1: why are we paying taxes and these people are exempt? Right, Well,

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Speaker 1: we're not thrilled about that. So this does mean that

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Speaker 1: regular French people are largely being kind of brutalized by

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Speaker 1: the cost of the war against the Habsburgs of Spain.

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Speaker 1: The job of approving new taxes, like the king will

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Speaker 1: say I want this tax, but it has to be

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Speaker 1: approved by the parliaments. Now to you and I. Coming

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Speaker 1: out of the English tradition, parliament means like essentially a

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Speaker 1: governing body, sort of like a congress, is right, that's

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Speaker 1: not really what a parliament is in France. Parliaments in

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Speaker 1: France are courts, right, They're court systems. Like the Parliament

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Speaker 1: of Paris is a court system in Paris, and you

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Speaker 1: have a bunch of judges who are nobles who own

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Speaker 1: their seat as a judge. Like that judgeship is the personal,

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Speaker 1: hereditary property of a noble who is one of these

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Speaker 1: members of the parliament. And the parliaments have a lot

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Speaker 1: of judges and clerks and whatnot. But these are like

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Speaker 1: court systems when we talk about parliaments, but it is

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Speaker 1: their job to approve new taxes. And this is kind

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Speaker 1: of one of the ways in which the French state

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Speaker 1: has started to modernize in this period. Right, just this

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Speaker 1: duke controls this area and he takes taxes. We've got

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Speaker 1: this professional legal system, right that is responsible for approving

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Speaker 1: these things, and a lot of conflicts with the crown

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Speaker 1: are going to be the parliament trying to protect its power,

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Speaker 1: right when the king wants to do stuff directly. Anyway,

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Speaker 1: this causes issues because it makes the fact that the

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Speaker 1: king wants these new taxes on the common people in

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Speaker 1: the bourgeoisie, and the parliament has to approve them. Right.

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Speaker 1: You've got these parliaments in royal courts that have to

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Speaker 1: approve the taxes and they don't want to. They don't

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Speaker 1: want to not because they like love the peasantry and

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Speaker 1: think that it's unfair. They don't want to because the

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Speaker 1: peasantry riots over a new taxes I was going to say,

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Speaker 1: not dying, right, and the parliament needing to approve them.

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Speaker 1: It's kind of the situation the kings have developed so

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Speaker 1: that like, hey, if these guys have to sign off

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Speaker 1: on it too, maybe they're the first people who get

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Speaker 1: sort of mobbed you know, Yeah.

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Speaker 3: The people with the signature. Probably the one why the

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Speaker 3: kings so insulate is, well, is it just because they

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Speaker 3: can deploy the army against the peasantry.

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Speaker 1: They can deploy the army, And this is a thing

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Speaker 1: that increasingly happens in this period where there's this desire

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Speaker 1: to strip the nobility of direct power. Right, So just

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Speaker 1: kind of a smart play if the nobility has to

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Speaker 1: is in this position where they're doing, you can make

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Speaker 1: them do unpopular things, right, You can kind of loop

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Speaker 1: them in on the shit you need to do. That

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Speaker 1: nobody likes to the extent that they get blamed for that.

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Speaker 1: It makes it harder for them to like have their

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Speaker 1: own power base, you know, and they get they don't

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Speaker 1: get tax than a nobility.

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Speaker 3: No, they do.

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Speaker 1: There they are in this period immune to most taxes.

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Speaker 3: Right, and that's the trade off, I imagine.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, that's part of the trade off. And kind of

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Speaker 1: the issue here is the nobility or not friendly always

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Speaker 1: with the crown, right, Like the nobility are both the

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Speaker 1: people who govern with you, right and who are supposed

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Speaker 1: to be taking your lead as the king. But whenever

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Speaker 1: there's a rebellion against a king, it usually comes from

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Speaker 1: the nobility in this period. Right. So that's part of

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Speaker 1: why you would want a system like this as the king,

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Speaker 1: because it protects you to a degree, right, But it

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Speaker 1: does mean that there's constant conflicts between the crown and

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Speaker 1: these parliaments. And these judges resist some of the central

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Speaker 1: government's new taxes. Cardinal Mazarin and Ann repost by threatening

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Speaker 1: to change the rules about how judge ships work and

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Speaker 1: like make it so that you don't own your seat today. Again,

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Speaker 1: in this period, being a judge is like being a

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Speaker 1: subway franchise owner, right, and that it's your property and

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Speaker 1: you pass it on to your kids, right. And the

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Speaker 1: rules governing this are part of something called the paulette tax,

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Speaker 1: which came up for renewal in sixteen forty eight. It's

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Speaker 1: a little bit like you could consider it a little

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Speaker 1: bit like a union contract coming up. And so Mazarin

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Speaker 1: and Ann are like, well, we don't have to let

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Speaker 1: this work the same way we can take these privileges

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Speaker 1: away from you. And I'm going to read a quote

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Speaker 1: from an article by the UK College of Arts and

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Speaker 1: Sciences Department of History on the matter and their anxiety

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Speaker 1: to force through new tax edicts Anne of Austria and

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Speaker 1: Mazarin drove the judges of Parliament too far. On fifteenth

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Speaker 1: January sixteen forty eight, they brought the nine year old

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Speaker 1: king to a formal session of the court called the

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Speaker 1: lit de Justiced, to force the judges to register an

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Speaker 1: unpopular tax measure. The judges exercised their right to remonstrate

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Speaker 1: or criticize the edict, starting a series of events that

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Speaker 1: culminated in a call for the judges of all the

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Speaker 1: Paris courts to come together to consider reforms in the kingdom.

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Speaker 1: On the twenty sixth of June, acting without the Regent's support,

402
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Speaker 1: the Parliament summoned those judges to meet in a body

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Speaker 1: called the chambret Is Saint Louis. This date marked the

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Speaker 1: beginning of the fraud. Street demonstrations organized by Retz showed

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Speaker 1: that the judges had strong popular support. The Frondeurs focus

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Speaker 1: their anger, especially on Mazarin. They'd announced him as a

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Speaker 1: foreigner who had no respect for the laws and institutions

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Speaker 1: of France and as an intriguer who is using his

409
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Speaker 1: influence over and to enrich himself and ruined the country.

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Speaker 1: Paris was flooded with printed pamphlets called Mazarinades, vicious personal

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Speaker 1: attacks on the minister. This foreign rogue, juggler, comedian, famous robber,

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Speaker 1: low Italian fellow fit only to be hung as one

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Speaker 1: of them.

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Speaker 3: That is us.

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Speaker 1: He's a juggler, Buddy is a juggler.

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Speaker 4: I feel like if this was twenty twenty five that

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Speaker 4: it would have been like podcaster, where's bathrobe?

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Speaker 1: Oh? Sorry, Cardinal Mazarin. I mean, first off, as a

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Speaker 1: low Italian, I hate this kind of racism. As a judge,

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Speaker 1: oh man, foreign famous.

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Speaker 3: Guy doing something to as well.

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Speaker 4: Oh my god, can you imagine that that would never happen.

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Speaker 1: Just it is funny bringing up Musk too that like

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Speaker 1: he keeps bringing his little kid into these like massive

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Speaker 1: like these moments that are like going to be major

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Speaker 1: political moments, like sticking his child in there.

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Speaker 3: It brings his child at PHP to the White House.

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Speaker 1: Like I think it's fun that in this and this

429
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Speaker 1: just does show how even our dumb system is a

430
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Speaker 1: little less dumb than things used to be. Where today

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Speaker 1: the nine year old child king, doesn't you know, is

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Speaker 1: not the one like like the nine year old is

433
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Speaker 1: not like in charge of anything. He's just being brought

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Speaker 1: around by his dad, who's basically the Cardinal Mazarin.

435
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Speaker 3: Yeah, that's what I wanted to establish, is this child

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Speaker 3: in France power? Can the child do things? Yet not

437
00:24:42,080 --> 00:24:45,280
Speaker 3: called the Mazarin? No, no, it's obviously it's not this.

438
00:24:45,280 --> 00:24:47,840
Speaker 3: This society isn't stupid. They would not let a young

439
00:24:48,080 --> 00:24:51,240
Speaker 3: child run things. You don't get to run things until

440
00:24:51,280 --> 00:24:55,400
Speaker 3: you are the mature age of thirteen. Of course, that's

441
00:24:55,400 --> 00:24:56,280
Speaker 3: when you become a man.

442
00:24:56,600 --> 00:24:59,000
Speaker 1: Of course, that's when you're a full man and able

443
00:24:59,040 --> 00:25:02,760
Speaker 1: to govern. So as a nine year old, of course

444
00:25:02,840 --> 00:25:04,920
Speaker 1: not that would be So what you possibly know?

445
00:25:05,080 --> 00:25:08,159
Speaker 3: You have four long years to go.

446
00:25:08,480 --> 00:25:11,000
Speaker 1: I think I think I could have governed France at thirteen.

447
00:25:14,040 --> 00:25:14,600
Speaker 3: I'm busy.

448
00:25:15,200 --> 00:25:17,800
Speaker 1: Yeah, I would have spent the entire national budget on

449
00:25:17,840 --> 00:25:20,800
Speaker 1: Warhammer miniatures. But honestly, can you tell me that's worse

450
00:25:20,840 --> 00:25:23,120
Speaker 1: than what the French are doing now? I don't know.

451
00:25:24,119 --> 00:25:26,720
Speaker 3: I don't pay it better than I I fucking mccrun.

452
00:25:27,160 --> 00:25:29,960
Speaker 1: Yeah, look, guys, you don't get health care this year

453
00:25:30,040 --> 00:25:33,360
Speaker 1: because I really went on a spending spree in Nottingham.

454
00:25:33,440 --> 00:25:37,360
Speaker 1: Like there's a lot of unpainted plastic and resin come

455
00:25:37,359 --> 00:25:41,280
Speaker 1: into my pyids and you're just like just like this

456
00:25:41,359 --> 00:25:43,600
Speaker 1: is why you can't eat, Like your power is one

457
00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:47,760
Speaker 1: hundred dollars pounds an hour or what you're all last year,

458
00:25:49,600 --> 00:25:52,520
Speaker 1: But I will be happy painting, but I'll have a

459
00:25:52,560 --> 00:25:56,439
Speaker 1: lot of work to do. No, So they bring this

460
00:25:56,560 --> 00:25:59,240
Speaker 1: nine year old king to this this formal session, and

461
00:25:59,359 --> 00:26:02,400
Speaker 1: it causes as a result of how bad it goes,

462
00:26:02,440 --> 00:26:05,040
Speaker 1: you get this rebellion. This is a civil war called

463
00:26:05,040 --> 00:26:07,760
Speaker 1: the Frond Right, which is, you know, it's kind of

464
00:26:07,880 --> 00:26:11,119
Speaker 1: on one side. You've got these these judges and nobles

465
00:26:11,240 --> 00:26:13,919
Speaker 1: who are angry at the fact that the king is

466
00:26:14,880 --> 00:26:17,000
Speaker 1: are angry at the fact that the king is continuing

467
00:26:17,040 --> 00:26:19,360
Speaker 1: to like pull strip powers from them, or at least

468
00:26:19,400 --> 00:26:21,639
Speaker 1: that you could. You'd say the crown is right, and

469
00:26:21,680 --> 00:26:26,359
Speaker 1: so they're trying to protect their traditional powers and the

470
00:26:26,440 --> 00:26:31,199
Speaker 1: crown is trying to protect its absolute power, as you know,

471
00:26:31,280 --> 00:26:34,400
Speaker 1: the monarch right. And so you get a civil war. Now,

472
00:26:34,880 --> 00:26:38,400
Speaker 1: this doesn't go well for the fraud Right. They sort

473
00:26:38,440 --> 00:26:40,960
Speaker 1: of start out this thing, but they never they never

474
00:26:41,040 --> 00:26:44,560
Speaker 1: get momentum. There's never like much popular backing. The common

475
00:26:44,600 --> 00:26:47,520
Speaker 1: people are like, I don't really like in part because

476
00:26:47,760 --> 00:26:50,840
Speaker 1: the nobles in these parliaments are the ones who approve

477
00:26:50,920 --> 00:26:54,800
Speaker 1: new taxes. Regular people are never like one side is

478
00:26:54,920 --> 00:26:57,320
Speaker 1: much better than the other, and they tend to overall

479
00:26:57,400 --> 00:27:02,440
Speaker 1: back the crown. So the young King Louis the fourteenth

480
00:27:02,480 --> 00:27:06,880
Speaker 1: doesn't get uprooted by the Frond. Right, but there are

481
00:27:06,960 --> 00:27:09,080
Speaker 1: a couple of points that come close to a disaster

482
00:27:09,280 --> 00:27:09,640
Speaker 1: for him.

483
00:27:09,720 --> 00:27:09,880
Speaker 3: Right.

484
00:27:09,920 --> 00:27:12,600
Speaker 1: There's a shitload of riots in this period. He and

485
00:27:12,640 --> 00:27:15,040
Speaker 1: his mother have to flee the capitol Paris for a

486
00:27:15,119 --> 00:27:19,600
Speaker 1: palace in Saint Germain nearby. The army clashes with rioters,

487
00:27:19,600 --> 00:27:22,560
Speaker 1: and while they put down the riots, the next year

488
00:27:22,640 --> 00:27:25,480
Speaker 1: more nobles join the insurrection, and they put together an

489
00:27:25,600 --> 00:27:28,840
Speaker 1: army large enough to force Mazarin to resign and flee

490
00:27:28,840 --> 00:27:32,760
Speaker 1: the country temporarily. The height of danger for young Louis

491
00:27:33,040 --> 00:27:35,720
Speaker 1: comes when a rumor spreads in Paris that the king

492
00:27:35,760 --> 00:27:39,160
Speaker 1: and his mother had fled the palace for a second time,

493
00:27:39,520 --> 00:27:41,800
Speaker 1: and a mob forms the palace to make sure that

494
00:27:41,880 --> 00:27:44,680
Speaker 1: the king is still there, right, that like he's not,

495
00:27:44,800 --> 00:27:48,800
Speaker 1: he hasn't left again, and they demand proof, and so

496
00:27:48,840 --> 00:27:53,560
Speaker 1: they break into his bedchambers and like as they're like

497
00:27:53,720 --> 00:27:56,959
Speaker 1: busting down the door, basically Queen Anne and like this

498
00:27:57,160 --> 00:27:59,480
Speaker 1: ten year old kidder talking and He's like, what the fuck.

499
00:27:59,359 --> 00:27:59,720
Speaker 3: Do I do?

500
00:28:00,080 --> 00:28:02,600
Speaker 1: She's like, just pretend like you're sleeping. Just pretend like

501
00:28:02,600 --> 00:28:06,080
Speaker 1: you're sleeping. And so that's what happens. This mob busts

502
00:28:06,080 --> 00:28:09,200
Speaker 1: in and Louis the fourteenth just pretends to be asleep.

503
00:28:11,280 --> 00:28:11,920
Speaker 3: Did it work?

504
00:28:12,720 --> 00:28:16,439
Speaker 1: It does? It does work. Again. These guys are not

505
00:28:17,040 --> 00:28:19,320
Speaker 1: This isn't like it'll be in seventeen eighty nine. They're

506
00:28:19,359 --> 00:28:22,040
Speaker 1: not busting into the palace because they want to kill

507
00:28:22,040 --> 00:28:23,840
Speaker 1: the king. They're busting into the palace because they want

508
00:28:23,880 --> 00:28:26,200
Speaker 1: to make sure he's still there. And like when he's

509
00:28:26,200 --> 00:28:28,840
Speaker 1: asleep there and he's like, he's sorry, he's twelve. Like

510
00:28:28,960 --> 00:28:32,399
Speaker 1: these people number one, they're not like anti monarchy. And

511
00:28:32,480 --> 00:28:34,560
Speaker 1: number two, they see like a sleeping twelve year old

512
00:28:34,560 --> 00:28:38,240
Speaker 1: and they're like, eh, we should probably go maybe this

513
00:28:38,280 --> 00:28:40,840
Speaker 1: guy out of hand. Yeah when did he fall asleep?

514
00:28:40,920 --> 00:28:41,600
Speaker 3: Is he gonna be up?

515
00:28:41,600 --> 00:28:44,880
Speaker 1: So yeah, yeah, maybe we don't want to like fuck

516
00:28:44,920 --> 00:28:48,320
Speaker 1: with this little kid who's asleep. So the front this

517
00:28:48,400 --> 00:28:52,080
Speaker 1: is obviously this is traumatizing, right having a mob basically

518
00:28:52,120 --> 00:28:55,120
Speaker 1: force their way into your bedchambers at age twelve. This

519
00:28:55,280 --> 00:28:58,640
Speaker 1: fucks Louis the fourteenth up and is going to massively

520
00:28:58,720 --> 00:29:01,680
Speaker 1: impact the decisions he made as an adult and regent,

521
00:29:02,720 --> 00:29:07,280
Speaker 1: but the frond ends with him still in power. That said,

522
00:29:07,320 --> 00:29:09,520
Speaker 1: he again, he's like traumatized by this, and he comes

523
00:29:09,560 --> 00:29:11,680
Speaker 1: away from the whole experience with a couple of conclusions.

524
00:29:12,040 --> 00:29:14,280
Speaker 1: One of them is that the nobility of France are

525
00:29:14,320 --> 00:29:17,000
Speaker 1: fucking out of pocket, and they need to be They

526
00:29:17,040 --> 00:29:20,160
Speaker 1: have too much power, and they need to be somehow

527
00:29:20,520 --> 00:29:24,920
Speaker 1: corralled and stopped from building bases of power of their own,

528
00:29:26,040 --> 00:29:27,959
Speaker 1: and they need to be put in a position where

529
00:29:28,320 --> 00:29:30,720
Speaker 1: the crown can keep an eye on them and make

530
00:29:30,720 --> 00:29:35,760
Speaker 1: sure that they're not plotting or scheming independently from the king. Right,

531
00:29:36,240 --> 00:29:39,120
Speaker 1: that's one conclusion he makes. The other conclusion he makes

532
00:29:39,200 --> 00:29:42,440
Speaker 1: is Paris is not a safe place, and he's got

533
00:29:42,440 --> 00:29:45,480
Speaker 1: this palace at Saint Germain, but he has bad memories

534
00:29:45,520 --> 00:29:47,800
Speaker 1: of it, so he's like, as an adult, he's going

535
00:29:47,840 --> 00:29:51,240
Speaker 1: to be like, I want a new seat of power. Right,

536
00:29:52,080 --> 00:29:55,200
Speaker 1: that's where we're going to get Versailles from. So cut

537
00:29:55,240 --> 00:29:58,360
Speaker 1: forward by about a decade or so. Louis the fourteenth

538
00:29:58,440 --> 00:30:01,760
Speaker 1: is twenty four years old. He is already a veteran

539
00:30:01,840 --> 00:30:04,640
Speaker 1: of war in the Spanish Netherlands. So he's gone to

540
00:30:04,680 --> 00:30:07,400
Speaker 1: war successfully. As the monarch. At this point, he's going

541
00:30:07,440 --> 00:30:10,920
Speaker 1: to spend most of his time going in between palaces

542
00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:14,280
Speaker 1: and the front He is a most of his reign

543
00:30:14,360 --> 00:30:18,840
Speaker 1: a wartime king. He had pushed France's frontiers outward, and

544
00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:21,440
Speaker 1: he had kind of built up a military. That is,

545
00:30:21,520 --> 00:30:24,400
Speaker 1: France is the number one land power in Europe at

546
00:30:24,400 --> 00:30:28,479
Speaker 1: this time, right and economically, the only country in Europe

547
00:30:28,480 --> 00:30:32,240
Speaker 1: that is a bigger economy than France is Denmark because

548
00:30:32,280 --> 00:30:36,040
Speaker 1: Denmark's doing a lot of overseas trading. This would be

549
00:30:36,120 --> 00:30:38,360
Speaker 1: the last time this kind of period of Louis the

550
00:30:38,400 --> 00:30:40,880
Speaker 1: fourteenth reign will be the last time for a century

551
00:30:40,960 --> 00:30:43,719
Speaker 1: or so in which France is actually in the black,

552
00:30:44,400 --> 00:30:48,800
Speaker 1: as in a good economic condition. But right now Louis

553
00:30:48,880 --> 00:30:51,040
Speaker 1: is rolling in it. He's got a shitload of cash

554
00:30:51,040 --> 00:30:53,320
Speaker 1: and a very powerful army, and he decides to use

555
00:30:53,360 --> 00:30:57,240
Speaker 1: that money to build a palace where he can number one,

556
00:30:57,600 --> 00:31:02,040
Speaker 1: feel safe and number two, all of the nobility away

557
00:31:02,080 --> 00:31:05,040
Speaker 1: from the rest of France to keep an eye on them. Right,

558
00:31:05,480 --> 00:31:10,120
Speaker 1: That's where Versailles comes out of. So speaking of a

559
00:31:10,160 --> 00:31:20,400
Speaker 1: bunch of out of touch rich people, let's throw to sponsors, Okay,

560
00:31:20,520 --> 00:31:23,640
Speaker 1: we're back. So I think when you look at like

561
00:31:23,720 --> 00:31:28,160
Speaker 1: casual histories of the revolution, they always talk about Versailles

562
00:31:28,160 --> 00:31:30,480
Speaker 1: and the situation there, how out of touch people are

563
00:31:30,560 --> 00:31:34,720
Speaker 1: this inwardly focused ruling class who live in this palace

564
00:31:34,800 --> 00:31:39,240
Speaker 1: altogether as like a contributing fact of the revolution.

565
00:31:39,400 --> 00:31:42,320
Speaker 3: And I just want to establish something. Yeah, all the

566
00:31:42,400 --> 00:31:43,920
Speaker 3: nobility was made to move in.

567
00:31:45,160 --> 00:31:47,240
Speaker 1: I mean not one hundred percent of them, but that's

568
00:31:47,280 --> 00:31:51,640
Speaker 1: the idea, right, the significant of the amount of them do,

569
00:31:51,880 --> 00:31:54,520
Speaker 1: and the ones that don't literally live there, like get

570
00:31:54,560 --> 00:31:58,120
Speaker 1: second houses nearby, like you have to. We'll talk about

571
00:31:58,160 --> 00:32:00,560
Speaker 1: this more because this is a thing that develops. But like, yes,

572
00:32:00,600 --> 00:32:04,840
Speaker 1: that is the ultimate product, is that like a significant

573
00:32:04,920 --> 00:32:09,320
Speaker 1: chunk most of the powerful nobility are at Versailles forever, right,

574
00:32:09,360 --> 00:32:12,520
Speaker 1: And that's the idea that Louis has, right, is he's

575
00:32:12,520 --> 00:32:16,240
Speaker 1: building this palace specifically to force them to hang out

576
00:32:16,240 --> 00:32:20,840
Speaker 1: with him, right, right. And when I'd read casual kind

577
00:32:20,840 --> 00:32:23,720
Speaker 1: of histories, and my understanding previous to really digging into

578
00:32:23,720 --> 00:32:27,080
Speaker 1: this was that this was a holdover from like France's

579
00:32:27,360 --> 00:32:30,360
Speaker 1: busted old feudal government. Right, this is like a medieval

580
00:32:30,440 --> 00:32:33,640
Speaker 1: holdover kind of coming into conflict with the modern world,

581
00:32:33,680 --> 00:32:35,400
Speaker 1: and that's part of why we get the French Revolution.

582
00:32:36,040 --> 00:32:40,080
Speaker 1: That's really not what Versailles is. Louis the fourteenth is

583
00:32:40,120 --> 00:32:43,640
Speaker 1: actually kind of creating one of the first modern central

584
00:32:43,680 --> 00:32:48,520
Speaker 1: governments when he establishes the palace at Versailles. Right, this

585
00:32:48,560 --> 00:32:52,719
Speaker 1: is actually a modernizing thing in some ways. Rulers had

586
00:32:52,720 --> 00:32:57,240
Speaker 1: always owned palaces, and those palaces were both homes and fortresses, right,

587
00:32:57,280 --> 00:32:59,480
Speaker 1: so you could have a place to wade out and

588
00:32:59,560 --> 00:33:03,640
Speaker 1: and can be war or an uprising. But Versailles it's

589
00:33:03,720 --> 00:33:06,560
Speaker 1: not a fortress for one thing, and it's not just

590
00:33:06,640 --> 00:33:11,280
Speaker 1: a home. It is an independent center of government. Versailles

591
00:33:11,320 --> 00:33:14,880
Speaker 1: has more in common with Washington, d C. Than, for example,

592
00:33:15,200 --> 00:33:20,640
Speaker 1: any of like the palaces and in England, right, any

593
00:33:20,640 --> 00:33:22,920
Speaker 1: of like the palaces of the House of windsor right

594
00:33:23,120 --> 00:33:26,560
Speaker 1: Buckingham or whatever. Versailles is less like that. It is

595
00:33:26,600 --> 00:33:28,920
Speaker 1: more like d C. As in d C was a

596
00:33:28,960 --> 00:33:31,920
Speaker 1: city that was created from the ground up to be

597
00:33:31,960 --> 00:33:35,240
Speaker 1: a center of government. Right, Right, that's what Versailles is.

598
00:33:37,040 --> 00:33:40,600
Speaker 1: And you know, in creating Versailles, Louis the fourteenth he

599
00:33:40,640 --> 00:33:43,920
Speaker 1: doesn't just want a home. He wants a sprawling complex

600
00:33:44,240 --> 00:33:48,560
Speaker 1: where the nobility of France will live and hang out

601
00:33:48,600 --> 00:33:51,920
Speaker 1: and basically always be around him, and the all of

602
00:33:51,960 --> 00:33:55,040
Speaker 1: the governing of the country will be done there. And

603
00:33:55,120 --> 00:33:58,400
Speaker 1: he's doing this both because that makes things more efficient

604
00:33:58,440 --> 00:34:01,800
Speaker 1: for him. You know, he's a relatively intelligent ruler. He

605
00:34:01,880 --> 00:34:05,640
Speaker 1: understands that centralizing all of the people who are in

606
00:34:05,720 --> 00:34:08,279
Speaker 1: charge of the country and keeping them around him makes

607
00:34:08,320 --> 00:34:12,319
Speaker 1: communication a lot more efficient. But also keeping all of

608
00:34:12,360 --> 00:34:15,600
Speaker 1: these people literally under the same roof allows him to

609
00:34:15,680 --> 00:34:18,239
Speaker 1: keep an eye on the group that had nearly overthrown

610
00:34:18,280 --> 00:34:21,080
Speaker 1: his family. Right, so we should talk for a bit

611
00:34:21,120 --> 00:34:24,279
Speaker 1: about the location he picks, right, why Versailles, because there's

612
00:34:24,360 --> 00:34:27,160
Speaker 1: nothing there, right, there's not a town in the area

613
00:34:27,239 --> 00:34:29,799
Speaker 1: at this point. They build one, but there's not a

614
00:34:29,840 --> 00:34:33,040
Speaker 1: town there. There's just an unpaved road into Paris and

615
00:34:33,160 --> 00:34:36,200
Speaker 1: a hunting lodge that Louis the Fourteenth's father had used

616
00:34:36,280 --> 00:34:39,919
Speaker 1: while you know, hunting and stuff. So Louis had grown

617
00:34:40,040 --> 00:34:42,880
Speaker 1: up fond of the area, which is about twenty miles

618
00:34:42,880 --> 00:34:46,480
Speaker 1: from Paris, because of his dad's hunting lodge, and what

619
00:34:46,640 --> 00:34:49,839
Speaker 1: became the palace started with they put some gardens in

620
00:34:49,920 --> 00:34:51,759
Speaker 1: next to the hunting lodge, and it's kind of a

621
00:34:51,800 --> 00:34:54,719
Speaker 1: place when he's a young man, like eighteen or nineteen,

622
00:34:55,280 --> 00:34:57,799
Speaker 1: Louis will go there with his friends and they'll like

623
00:34:57,960 --> 00:35:02,560
Speaker 1: camp out there and have party, you know, and so

624
00:35:02,840 --> 00:35:05,400
Speaker 1: this is kind of like the start. That's why he

625
00:35:05,440 --> 00:35:07,520
Speaker 1: gets the iddea that like this is where I want

626
00:35:07,520 --> 00:35:10,160
Speaker 1: to build my palace is because like this is he

627
00:35:10,239 --> 00:35:13,200
Speaker 1: and his friends, this little burning man spot, you know. Effectively,

628
00:35:14,080 --> 00:35:17,920
Speaker 1: so in March of sixteen sixty one, Cardinal Mazarin dies

629
00:35:18,200 --> 00:35:20,480
Speaker 1: and Louis the fourteenth this is this is kind of

630
00:35:20,480 --> 00:35:23,920
Speaker 1: what makes him independent as a ruler for the first time,

631
00:35:23,960 --> 00:35:27,600
Speaker 1: at least totally. Later that year, in August, he goes

632
00:35:27,640 --> 00:35:29,959
Speaker 1: to a party thrown by one of the nobles who's

633
00:35:29,960 --> 00:35:32,400
Speaker 1: hoping to curry favor with the new thing king, a

634
00:35:32,440 --> 00:35:36,719
Speaker 1: guy named Nicholas Fouquet. Fouquet is the Minister of Finance

635
00:35:37,080 --> 00:35:42,160
Speaker 1: and he's built this massive, sprawling, elaborate palace, Vaux de Vicomte,

636
00:35:42,680 --> 00:35:46,000
Speaker 1: which is like the best, probably the nicest palace in

637
00:35:46,040 --> 00:35:50,799
Speaker 1: France at the time. The architecture impresses Louis. He's like, wow,

638
00:35:50,840 --> 00:35:53,680
Speaker 1: this this place is really amazing. But he's also kind

639
00:35:53,719 --> 00:35:57,560
Speaker 1: of pissed at Fouquet because Fouquet is trying is like, Okay,

640
00:35:57,640 --> 00:36:00,920
Speaker 1: Mazarin's out. This guy is now the dude to impress.

641
00:36:01,320 --> 00:36:04,120
Speaker 1: I am going to like all go all out to

642
00:36:04,160 --> 00:36:06,520
Speaker 1: basically try to bribe him so that he will make

643
00:36:06,640 --> 00:36:09,560
Speaker 1: me his top advisor and I can basically run things.

644
00:36:09,880 --> 00:36:12,200
Speaker 1: And he tries to do this by like handing out

645
00:36:12,239 --> 00:36:15,720
Speaker 1: diamond tiaras and horses his party favors to his guests,

646
00:36:15,800 --> 00:36:19,360
Speaker 1: like he is he is just like yeah horse really

647
00:36:19,480 --> 00:36:23,200
Speaker 1: nice horses, you know, not not your not shit horses,

648
00:36:23,280 --> 00:36:26,440
Speaker 1: good ship as horses, not the good stuff. Is that

649
00:36:26,600 --> 00:36:30,560
Speaker 1: just promises that he's as Yeah, and like no, no,

650
00:36:30,600 --> 00:36:32,480
Speaker 1: he's got tons of horses on him. Yeah, just like

651
00:36:33,640 --> 00:36:37,480
Speaker 1: wonderful seth used to be so much stranger horses are

652
00:36:37,520 --> 00:36:39,560
Speaker 1: a big like the king at any given points going

653
00:36:39,600 --> 00:36:43,120
Speaker 1: to own like twenty five hundred horses, like personally, like

654
00:36:43,160 --> 00:36:45,440
Speaker 1: that's just that's just the way it is. If you're rich,

655
00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:49,920
Speaker 1: that's like the equivalent of having three nice cars.

656
00:36:50,040 --> 00:36:50,320
Speaker 3: Right.

657
00:36:52,360 --> 00:36:56,320
Speaker 1: But so this guy, ifuk, he's showing off this massive

658
00:36:56,400 --> 00:36:59,799
Speaker 1: palace that like impresses even the young king, and he's

659
00:36:59,800 --> 00:37:02,120
Speaker 1: handing out diamond tiaras and horses, and it's you know,

660
00:37:02,160 --> 00:37:04,919
Speaker 1: this is mint is kind of a bribe to get

661
00:37:04,960 --> 00:37:07,480
Speaker 1: Louie to be like, oh, this guy really knows what's up.

662
00:37:08,440 --> 00:37:11,240
Speaker 1: But it just pisses off Louis, right, And it pisses

663
00:37:11,280 --> 00:37:13,960
Speaker 1: off Louie because he's like, you're the Minister of finance.

664
00:37:14,680 --> 00:37:17,480
Speaker 1: How much of this money you're spending is really my money?

665
00:37:17,920 --> 00:37:18,080
Speaker 3: Right?

666
00:37:20,600 --> 00:37:24,040
Speaker 1: Where did you get all of this money, Minister of Finance?

667
00:37:24,160 --> 00:37:26,640
Speaker 1: Is any of it my shit that you're tossing around?

668
00:37:26,640 --> 00:37:28,640
Speaker 1: Are you bribing me with my own money?

669
00:37:29,239 --> 00:37:29,359
Speaker 3: Uh?

670
00:37:29,800 --> 00:37:32,759
Speaker 1: And so he ends the night by arresting Fouquet and

671
00:37:32,800 --> 00:37:41,640
Speaker 1: locking him up in a fortress. Yeah, it's pretty cool.

672
00:37:41,960 --> 00:37:44,640
Speaker 1: In her book The Son King, Nancy Mitford writes that

673
00:37:44,719 --> 00:37:47,160
Speaker 1: as a result of this quote, we seldom here of

674
00:37:47,200 --> 00:37:49,040
Speaker 1: other people giving parties for the king.

675
00:37:53,520 --> 00:37:55,680
Speaker 3: Yeah. How long did in prison? Fool?

676
00:37:55,800 --> 00:37:56,200
Speaker 4: Was it just?

677
00:37:56,880 --> 00:37:59,120
Speaker 1: I think he's in there for a long years and

678
00:37:59,200 --> 00:38:01,799
Speaker 1: years and years. I don't know when when that guy

679
00:38:01,840 --> 00:38:02,799
Speaker 1: specifically gets you out.

680
00:38:02,680 --> 00:38:04,440
Speaker 3: Because she might have spent the King's money.

681
00:38:04,680 --> 00:38:09,239
Speaker 1: Yeah, that's with the horses. If if Louis the fourteenth

682
00:38:09,320 --> 00:38:11,520
Speaker 1: doesn't like you, he will lock you in a fortress

683
00:38:11,520 --> 00:38:15,000
Speaker 1: for a decade or so. Maybe that's his thing. Okay,

684
00:38:15,000 --> 00:38:19,000
Speaker 1: he loves putting people in fortresses. So the king raided

685
00:38:19,000 --> 00:38:23,200
Speaker 1: Fouquet's home, taking silver ornaments, tapestries, a library, and more

686
00:38:23,239 --> 00:38:26,640
Speaker 1: than one thousand orange trees. This is going to be

687
00:38:26,719 --> 00:38:30,760
Speaker 1: a signature of Louis the Fourteenth's reign is he fucking

688
00:38:30,880 --> 00:38:35,080
Speaker 1: loves orange trees And it starts here. Now, orange trees.

689
00:38:35,239 --> 00:38:37,200
Speaker 1: It's not easy to keep them healthy in the north

690
00:38:37,200 --> 00:38:37,680
Speaker 1: of France.

691
00:38:38,160 --> 00:38:38,279
Speaker 3: Uh.

692
00:38:38,400 --> 00:38:40,960
Speaker 1: And they were so valued that each tree lived in

693
00:38:41,000 --> 00:38:45,279
Speaker 1: a pure silver pot. Like that's the planters that they

694
00:38:45,400 --> 00:38:50,680
Speaker 1: use for orange trees are just made out of silvers.

695
00:38:50,480 --> 00:38:51,960
Speaker 4: What what are we talking about here?

696
00:38:52,000 --> 00:38:55,760
Speaker 1: I don't know, but there were when when Nancy Mitford

697
00:38:55,760 --> 00:38:58,160
Speaker 1: wrote her book in the sixties, some of Louis the

698
00:38:58,200 --> 00:39:02,759
Speaker 1: Fourteenth's orange trees were still alive. So he's pretty good

699
00:39:02,800 --> 00:39:04,120
Speaker 1: at keeping these things going.

700
00:39:04,239 --> 00:39:07,440
Speaker 4: You know, maybe we all need silver plum.

701
00:39:07,719 --> 00:39:10,480
Speaker 3: Maybe maybe we should grow everything in silver.

702
00:39:10,960 --> 00:39:15,440
Speaker 1: We don't know, We don't know. You know, have your

703
00:39:15,600 --> 00:39:17,040
Speaker 1: if you've got a baby, have them.

704
00:39:17,400 --> 00:39:18,160
Speaker 3: It played it.

705
00:39:18,239 --> 00:39:19,840
Speaker 1: Entirely in silver. See if it works.

706
00:39:20,080 --> 00:39:20,360
Speaker 3: I don't know.

707
00:39:20,400 --> 00:39:22,400
Speaker 1: I think I watched a James Bond movie that suggests

708
00:39:22,400 --> 00:39:24,399
Speaker 1: that might be a bad idea. Try it either way.

709
00:39:25,040 --> 00:39:29,080
Speaker 1: So he orders the construction of a palace at Versailles

710
00:39:29,440 --> 00:39:33,560
Speaker 1: Louis the fourteenth built after this, because he's like, look

711
00:39:33,600 --> 00:39:36,600
Speaker 1: this Fouquet guy, fuck him, but this palace is is

712
00:39:36,640 --> 00:39:39,400
Speaker 1: pretty nice. I think I could do better. So he

713
00:39:39,480 --> 00:39:43,640
Speaker 1: hires that the guys who had made Louise or Fouquet's palace,

714
00:39:44,000 --> 00:39:46,880
Speaker 1: and he has them start building a palace at Versailles,

715
00:39:47,120 --> 00:39:50,200
Speaker 1: with the centerpiece being his old, his dad's old hunting lodge.

716
00:39:50,280 --> 00:39:53,319
Speaker 1: Right now, the resulting complex, which is going to take

717
00:39:53,400 --> 00:39:57,239
Speaker 1: years to build, is massive. Among other things, there are

718
00:39:57,239 --> 00:40:00,560
Speaker 1: three hundred and fifty apartments, right, which is three fifty

719
00:40:00,640 --> 00:40:03,919
Speaker 1: individual living areas for different nobles. Right.

720
00:40:04,400 --> 00:40:07,360
Speaker 3: Items just invented dorms.

721
00:40:07,000 --> 00:40:10,000
Speaker 1: He did, He doesn't invent dorms. This is and one

722
00:40:10,040 --> 00:40:13,640
Speaker 1: way to look at Versailles. If you cross the Pentagon

723
00:40:14,120 --> 00:40:18,680
Speaker 1: and the White House with a frat house and Versai

724
00:40:19,239 --> 00:40:21,959
Speaker 1: and we work. Yes, yes, yeah, it's all of those

725
00:40:22,000 --> 00:40:26,919
Speaker 1: things that once. Yes, yes, there's also banquet halls, there's

726
00:40:27,000 --> 00:40:31,000
Speaker 1: dance halls. There's meeting rooms. Uh, there's even an entire

727
00:40:31,080 --> 00:40:36,160
Speaker 1: two hundred and forty foot room lined entirely in mirrors,

728
00:40:36,200 --> 00:40:38,560
Speaker 1: and mirrors are hard to make at this point, right,

729
00:40:38,760 --> 00:40:41,160
Speaker 1: It's if you have a room lined in mirrors. It's

730
00:40:41,200 --> 00:40:43,440
Speaker 1: to show off. I got fucking mirror money. I got

731
00:40:43,440 --> 00:40:45,080
Speaker 1: so much mirror money. I got a room of the

732
00:40:45,120 --> 00:40:45,920
Speaker 1: sons of bitches.

733
00:40:46,680 --> 00:40:49,160
Speaker 3: So is there a logic behind the mirror room or

734
00:40:49,239 --> 00:40:51,960
Speaker 3: is it just so everyone could see you press everybody?

735
00:40:52,160 --> 00:40:55,120
Speaker 1: Yeah, so everybody can see. This is how rich the king.

736
00:40:55,120 --> 00:40:58,600
Speaker 3: Is, and themselves at every corner.

737
00:40:58,480 --> 00:41:01,719
Speaker 1: And they can yet see themselves in every corner. Francis

738
00:41:01,800 --> 00:41:04,680
Speaker 1: Loring Paine describes in her book The Story of Versailles

739
00:41:04,880 --> 00:41:09,120
Speaker 1: seventeen lofty windows are matched by as many Venetian framed mirrors.

740
00:41:09,120 --> 00:41:12,320
Speaker 1: Between each window and mirror are pilasters designed by Kozuvu,

741
00:41:12,680 --> 00:41:16,400
Speaker 1: Tubi and Cafarrie, reigning masters of their time. Walls are

742
00:41:16,480 --> 00:41:21,320
Speaker 1: of marble, embellished with bronze gilt trophies, large Nietzsches niches

743
00:41:21,800 --> 00:41:27,759
Speaker 1: contain statues in the antique style. So pretty fancy, and

744
00:41:27,840 --> 00:41:30,120
Speaker 1: this is in fact a palace unlike any of the

745
00:41:30,160 --> 00:41:33,759
Speaker 1: world had seen before. Louis the fourteenth, the man who

746
00:41:33,760 --> 00:41:37,080
Speaker 1: would call himself the Sun King, was not a patient person,

747
00:41:37,160 --> 00:41:40,600
Speaker 1: so he ordered the construction rushed and damned the cost

748
00:41:40,719 --> 00:41:43,480
Speaker 1: either in money or in lives. Once he has this idea,

749
00:41:43,520 --> 00:41:46,560
Speaker 1: is like, I want this operational as soon as possible.

750
00:41:46,600 --> 00:41:50,319
Speaker 1: He's like the Emperor Palpatine, if the Death Star was

751
00:41:50,400 --> 00:41:53,440
Speaker 1: just a place for rich people to party and be

752
00:41:53,560 --> 00:41:57,760
Speaker 1: spied on. In an article for BBC History Magazine, Johnny

753
00:41:57,760 --> 00:42:01,120
Speaker 1: Wilkes writes building went on from to dusk, with up

754
00:42:01,120 --> 00:42:04,680
Speaker 1: to thirty six thousand people working in the gardens in

755
00:42:04,760 --> 00:42:09,160
Speaker 1: dire and dangerous conditions. Injuries became a daily occurrence, and

756
00:42:09,239 --> 00:42:12,440
Speaker 1: so many died that bodies would be quietly removed at

757
00:42:12,560 --> 00:42:15,880
Speaker 1: night in bulk. The workers went on strike, but Louis

758
00:42:15,920 --> 00:42:18,920
Speaker 1: saw Versailles as a symbol of his prestige, and therefore

759
00:42:19,040 --> 00:42:22,600
Speaker 1: France's prestige. It was worth any price. When half a

760
00:42:22,640 --> 00:42:25,560
Speaker 1: dozen men were crushed in an accident, one grieving mother

761
00:42:25,640 --> 00:42:29,319
Speaker 1: approached Louis to request her son's body. He had her imprisoned.

762
00:42:30,560 --> 00:42:33,120
Speaker 3: Okay, seems fair, seems cool?

763
00:42:33,280 --> 00:42:35,080
Speaker 1: Yeah, of course, how dare she?

764
00:42:35,840 --> 00:42:37,440
Speaker 3: Yeahs fucking rude.

765
00:42:37,719 --> 00:42:41,239
Speaker 1: She didn't understand that this was about France's prestige, not

766
00:42:41,360 --> 00:42:43,919
Speaker 1: how many people with horse guy.

767
00:42:44,320 --> 00:42:44,919
Speaker 3: Yeah, rude.

768
00:42:45,760 --> 00:42:47,719
Speaker 1: Look, people are gonna get crushed to death.

769
00:42:47,800 --> 00:42:51,319
Speaker 3: Obvious happiness. Oh my god, you get over it.

770
00:42:51,600 --> 00:42:54,719
Speaker 1: You can't have a frat house Pentagon without breaking a

771
00:42:54,760 --> 00:42:58,520
Speaker 1: few hundred laborers. God yeah, Jesus, give me a break.

772
00:42:58,760 --> 00:43:06,680
Speaker 1: You're people are unreasonable, you know. So By May sixth,

773
00:43:06,760 --> 00:43:09,319
Speaker 1: sixteen sixty two, the whole palace is still very much

774
00:43:09,440 --> 00:43:12,200
Speaker 1: under construction. It would remain that way for years, but

775
00:43:12,360 --> 00:43:14,560
Speaker 1: enough had been completed that Louis was able to throw

776
00:43:14,680 --> 00:43:17,759
Speaker 1: a grand party and begin the process of moving in.

777
00:43:18,200 --> 00:43:21,080
Speaker 1: Now this would be a year's long process. At first,

778
00:43:21,160 --> 00:43:23,840
Speaker 1: Louie's like spending a day every week there, and partly

779
00:43:23,840 --> 00:43:27,840
Speaker 1: because he's also traveling constantly in between like Versailles or

780
00:43:27,880 --> 00:43:30,920
Speaker 1: wherever else he's staying and the front where the wars

781
00:43:30,960 --> 00:43:35,239
Speaker 1: are happening, right And basically, for Louis, the war is

782
00:43:35,320 --> 00:43:37,759
Speaker 1: kind of a gigwork thing, right, Like he's got his

783
00:43:37,920 --> 00:43:40,120
Speaker 1: marshals who handle the full time thing. He just kind

784
00:43:40,160 --> 00:43:42,160
Speaker 1: of comes in when somebody like sends him a letter

785
00:43:42,239 --> 00:43:43,960
Speaker 1: being like, oh, hey, man, I think the war is

786
00:43:44,000 --> 00:43:46,080
Speaker 1: about to get cool again. Maybe you should come up

787
00:43:46,080 --> 00:43:48,000
Speaker 1: and check it out now, right, Yeah, Like.

788
00:43:48,440 --> 00:43:51,040
Speaker 3: That's fine, Yeah, I don't want to waste time the

789
00:43:51,080 --> 00:43:52,160
Speaker 3: boring parts of war.

790
00:43:52,600 --> 00:43:55,120
Speaker 1: For him, it's a little like a soap opera where like, yeah,

791
00:43:55,160 --> 00:43:57,759
Speaker 1: you don't watch every episode. There's long. Some of these

792
00:43:57,800 --> 00:44:01,000
Speaker 1: storylines aren't super interesting. We got like a year of

793
00:44:01,080 --> 00:44:03,640
Speaker 1: this siege to get through. Go party, you know. We

794
00:44:03,840 --> 00:44:08,040
Speaker 1: can't do that when looking bring me in when something

795
00:44:08,080 --> 00:44:12,040
Speaker 1: cool is going on, right, Yeah, So the process of

796
00:44:12,080 --> 00:44:15,359
Speaker 1: moving everybody in takes years because and this is such

797
00:44:15,440 --> 00:44:18,720
Speaker 1: a this is like the the pain in the ass

798
00:44:18,719 --> 00:44:22,080
Speaker 1: this creates for everyone while they're unable to live there

799
00:44:22,160 --> 00:44:24,680
Speaker 1: full time. But he's having people spend as much time

800
00:44:24,680 --> 00:44:27,560
Speaker 1: there as possible because every time Louis heads back to

801
00:44:27,719 --> 00:44:32,680
Speaker 1: Versailles for like a night, every government minister, every high

802
00:44:32,760 --> 00:44:35,920
Speaker 1: ranking noble, as well as like Loui's whole family and

803
00:44:35,960 --> 00:44:39,040
Speaker 1: his coterie of mistresses have to travel back with him.

804
00:44:39,320 --> 00:44:41,799
Speaker 1: It's like this massive pain in the ass, and there's

805
00:44:41,840 --> 00:44:45,040
Speaker 1: not rooms for most of them. So, like Louis got

806
00:44:45,080 --> 00:44:47,920
Speaker 1: even louis not living in comfort for most of this period.

807
00:44:48,000 --> 00:44:50,520
Speaker 1: His rooms aren't really finished, but everyone else is like

808
00:44:50,800 --> 00:44:53,120
Speaker 1: camping basically under like.

809
00:44:53,120 --> 00:44:56,360
Speaker 3: In this schiling and shit in this giant, beautiful palace

810
00:44:56,360 --> 00:44:58,360
Speaker 3: that should be luxurious.

811
00:44:58,000 --> 00:45:00,560
Speaker 1: Yeah that should, but is just unfinished and filled with

812
00:45:00,640 --> 00:45:04,800
Speaker 1: dead people. Yeah that'll happen, Yeah, that'll happen.

813
00:45:04,960 --> 00:45:06,320
Speaker 3: Real estate is challenging.

814
00:45:06,640 --> 00:45:10,240
Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, real estate is a real, real, complicated endeavor.

815
00:45:10,440 --> 00:45:11,280
Speaker 3: Yeah.

816
00:45:11,400 --> 00:45:13,960
Speaker 1: Now, the fact that this is a huge pain in

817
00:45:14,000 --> 00:45:17,520
Speaker 1: the ass and that it kind of even before Versilla's finished,

818
00:45:17,560 --> 00:45:20,319
Speaker 1: it is dominating the lives of a huge chunk of

819
00:45:20,360 --> 00:45:23,040
Speaker 1: the nobility because they have to constantly be aware of

820
00:45:23,080 --> 00:45:25,560
Speaker 1: where Louis is when he's traveling back. They have to

821
00:45:25,560 --> 00:45:29,440
Speaker 1: get themselves back. They're like missing sleep because they're not

822
00:45:29,600 --> 00:45:33,400
Speaker 1: able to live. Like completely disrupts all of their lives,

823
00:45:33,920 --> 00:45:37,400
Speaker 1: and that's that's part of the plan. Like Louis the

824
00:45:37,440 --> 00:45:41,680
Speaker 1: fourteenth is doing this intentionally. I want to read a

825
00:45:41,719 --> 00:45:45,479
Speaker 1: quote from Mitford's book, quote, the king had already begun

826
00:45:45,600 --> 00:45:48,480
Speaker 1: to enslave his nobility by playing on the French love

827
00:45:48,480 --> 00:45:51,479
Speaker 1: of fashion. In sixteen fifty four, he gave a fate.

828
00:45:52,040 --> 00:45:55,439
Speaker 1: He gave a feat which lasted from seven to thirteen May.

829
00:45:55,760 --> 00:45:58,600
Speaker 1: This really caused more pain than pleasure, for the guests

830
00:45:58,680 --> 00:46:01,080
Speaker 1: had nowhere to sleep, and we're aledged to doss down

831
00:46:01,080 --> 00:46:05,480
Speaker 1: as best they could in local cottages and stables. So again,

832
00:46:05,680 --> 00:46:09,239
Speaker 1: he's like the fact that this is a pain in

833
00:46:09,280 --> 00:46:13,200
Speaker 1: the ass and the fact that he's increasingly forcing everyone.

834
00:46:13,400 --> 00:46:16,920
Speaker 1: You're not just constantly obsessed with where is the king?

835
00:46:17,000 --> 00:46:19,080
Speaker 1: When do I have to get back to Versailles? But

836
00:46:19,160 --> 00:46:22,759
Speaker 1: you also there's these parties whenever you're there, so you're

837
00:46:22,800 --> 00:46:25,160
Speaker 1: spending a lot of your free time making sure you've

838
00:46:25,160 --> 00:46:28,040
Speaker 1: got outfits and like spending a lot of your money.

839
00:46:28,040 --> 00:46:30,360
Speaker 1: What is it you got outfit? That's a party?

840
00:46:31,239 --> 00:46:34,680
Speaker 3: So like a six day long jolly, yeah, I.

841
00:46:34,600 --> 00:46:36,120
Speaker 1: Mean some of them are shorter than that, but like

842
00:46:36,160 --> 00:46:39,600
Speaker 1: it's a it's a mispace, yeah, And it's a mandatory

843
00:46:39,719 --> 00:46:42,480
Speaker 1: party that you have to have an outfit for. That

844
00:46:42,560 --> 00:46:45,920
Speaker 1: outfit is going to cost you thirty years salary for

845
00:46:46,000 --> 00:46:49,920
Speaker 1: a laboring person, right, And so you have to be

846
00:46:49,920 --> 00:46:54,879
Speaker 1: constantly like traveling, sleeping in uncomfortable conditions and spending your

847
00:46:54,920 --> 00:46:57,759
Speaker 1: time and money figuring out what you're going to wear,

848
00:46:58,080 --> 00:47:02,040
Speaker 1: which means you're not spending an any time thinking about rebelling, right,

849
00:47:02,400 --> 00:47:05,719
Speaker 1: you're not. You have no extra attention to spend on

850
00:47:06,239 --> 00:47:08,480
Speaker 1: building a base of power because you're going to and

851
00:47:09,600 --> 00:47:14,359
Speaker 1: what ye dress? Yes, exactly interesting and that's it. Because

852
00:47:14,400 --> 00:47:17,239
Speaker 1: Louis the fourteenth, his big motivation with Versailles is to

853
00:47:17,280 --> 00:47:21,480
Speaker 1: make another frond impossible. Hadley Mears writes the move was

854
00:47:21,520 --> 00:47:25,000
Speaker 1: designed to neutralize the power of the nobles. This it did,

855
00:47:25,120 --> 00:47:28,080
Speaker 1: but it also created a hotbed of boredom and extravagance,

856
00:47:28,280 --> 00:47:31,440
Speaker 1: with hundreds of aristocrats crammed together, many with nothing to

857
00:47:31,480 --> 00:47:34,000
Speaker 1: do but gossip, spend money, and play.

858
00:47:34,800 --> 00:47:37,680
Speaker 4: I was gonna say, the amount of like tea being

859
00:47:37,760 --> 00:47:40,440
Speaker 4: spilled at these events, oh yeah, to be.

860
00:47:40,520 --> 00:47:43,760
Speaker 3: Well, and then gossip being created in real.

861
00:47:43,600 --> 00:47:47,880
Speaker 1: Time and exactly that's going to be a major factor

862
00:47:47,880 --> 00:47:50,720
Speaker 1: in what happens next, right, and we'll be talking about

863
00:47:50,719 --> 00:47:54,279
Speaker 1: like what how this gossip eventually trickles out, and it does.

864
00:47:54,400 --> 00:47:58,400
Speaker 1: It kind of leads to the creation Paris basically has Twitter,

865
00:47:59,160 --> 00:47:59,640
Speaker 1: and this.

866
00:47:59,560 --> 00:48:01,640
Speaker 3: Period gonna say, I was gonna say, this is like

867
00:48:01,760 --> 00:48:02,800
Speaker 3: Perissian Twitter.

868
00:48:03,800 --> 00:48:07,280
Speaker 1: Yes, yeah, that that's kind of where things are building towards.

869
00:48:07,360 --> 00:48:08,160
Speaker 3: Right, very good.

870
00:48:08,719 --> 00:48:11,680
Speaker 1: And it's also you know, people are gambling here constantly.

871
00:48:13,239 --> 00:48:17,040
Speaker 1: Fortunes are being won and lost. Uh you know, it's just.

872
00:48:17,480 --> 00:48:22,600
Speaker 3: Yes, but fringe like people gambling away everything. Everyone's everyone's tired,

873
00:48:23,040 --> 00:48:27,000
Speaker 3: everyone's exhausted and deranged, and people are like going broke

874
00:48:27,120 --> 00:48:29,160
Speaker 3: and need loans from the king, which makes them more

875
00:48:29,160 --> 00:48:33,920
Speaker 3: dependent on him. What's all this was intentional.

876
00:48:34,440 --> 00:48:37,800
Speaker 1: Yes, yes, this is part of the plane insane.

877
00:48:37,840 --> 00:48:38,839
Speaker 3: I love it, Louis the.

878
00:48:38,800 --> 00:48:42,040
Speaker 1: Four, but it's he's very intelligent in that, like he

879
00:48:42,160 --> 00:48:46,319
Speaker 1: never faces another threat to his rule, right, Like that

880
00:48:46,360 --> 00:48:51,800
Speaker 1: does not happen. Like he he locks the nobility down,

881
00:48:51,440 --> 00:48:56,040
Speaker 1: the yeah they're too busy situation he has. He has,

882
00:48:56,360 --> 00:48:59,960
Speaker 1: He is what VERSI is. He builds a totalitarian dictator

883
00:49:00,160 --> 00:49:03,480
Speaker 1: ship just for the ruling class, where they are forced

884
00:49:03,480 --> 00:49:06,800
Speaker 1: to party and gamble their whole lives andrew wk system.

885
00:49:07,320 --> 00:49:09,520
Speaker 3: Yes that.

886
00:49:09,680 --> 00:49:12,960
Speaker 1: Much has been written about the intricate and stifling rules

887
00:49:12,960 --> 00:49:15,719
Speaker 1: of etiquette that had to be practiced at Versailles. They

888
00:49:15,760 --> 00:49:19,840
Speaker 1: had their origins in you know, every medieval how every

889
00:49:19,960 --> 00:49:24,200
Speaker 1: royal house in all of Europe has these complicated etiquette

890
00:49:24,280 --> 00:49:26,880
Speaker 1: rules that they have to abide by. But they're not

891
00:49:27,080 --> 00:49:30,239
Speaker 1: all enforced the same way, right, and they're not they're

892
00:49:30,239 --> 00:49:32,600
Speaker 1: not all none of them are as intricate as they

893
00:49:32,680 --> 00:49:36,200
Speaker 1: become in Versailles. Because what you take these kind of

894
00:49:36,239 --> 00:49:40,680
Speaker 1: baseline rules about like oh, if you have you know, member,

895
00:49:41,080 --> 00:49:42,560
Speaker 1: this guy, this guy, this guy, and this guy in

896
00:49:42,560 --> 00:49:45,239
Speaker 1: a room, only this guy is allowed to hand the

897
00:49:45,320 --> 00:49:47,960
Speaker 1: king his shirt, right, but if that guy leaves, then

898
00:49:47,960 --> 00:49:50,040
Speaker 1: the next person is allowed to hand the king his shirt.

899
00:49:50,120 --> 00:49:51,960
Speaker 3: So you have to remember who who is allowed to

900
00:49:52,000 --> 00:49:54,960
Speaker 3: hand Yes, yes, you know the punishment for this.

901
00:49:55,760 --> 00:49:58,480
Speaker 1: It's not a punishment thing so much as it's a

902
00:49:58,600 --> 00:50:03,440
Speaker 1: violation of etiquette, and thus it is offensive to everybody,

903
00:50:03,480 --> 00:50:07,279
Speaker 1: and it causes like gossip, and it makes like the

904
00:50:08,040 --> 00:50:13,480
Speaker 1: instead of protecting their power to tax and rule the commoners,

905
00:50:13,880 --> 00:50:17,000
Speaker 1: the nobility are increasingly protecting their power to hand the

906
00:50:17,080 --> 00:50:18,080
Speaker 1: king his shirt.

907
00:50:17,880 --> 00:50:21,359
Speaker 3: In the morning. Fucking brilliant. It's I love it.

908
00:50:21,320 --> 00:50:26,760
Speaker 1: It's so still love it. Yes, so again, every royal house,

909
00:50:27,040 --> 00:50:29,520
Speaker 1: you know, all of the nobility in all of Europe

910
00:50:29,560 --> 00:50:33,080
Speaker 1: have some version of this. But it gets like ten

911
00:50:33,239 --> 00:50:36,560
Speaker 1: times as intense in Versailles because everyone is now living

912
00:50:36,640 --> 00:50:39,839
Speaker 1: under one very large roof, right, and this means that,

913
00:50:39,840 --> 00:50:42,319
Speaker 1: for one thing, nobles no longer have the same kind

914
00:50:42,360 --> 00:50:45,200
Speaker 1: of lives of their own outside of court, so there's

915
00:50:45,280 --> 00:50:49,120
Speaker 1: nothing going on in their lives but obsessing over perceived

916
00:50:49,200 --> 00:50:53,200
Speaker 1: slights and the intricacies of social dynamics, who's snubbing, who,

917
00:50:53,239 --> 00:50:55,719
Speaker 1: who is in the king's favor, et cetera. And it

918
00:50:55,760 --> 00:50:59,360
Speaker 1: also means the nobility traditionally and like a feudal society.

919
00:50:59,520 --> 00:51:02,879
Speaker 1: If you're the king and your nobles are your warriors, right,

920
00:51:02,960 --> 00:51:05,680
Speaker 1: that's like the core of the elite of your army,

921
00:51:05,920 --> 00:51:08,279
Speaker 1: in part because they have the time to train. The

922
00:51:08,320 --> 00:51:11,799
Speaker 1: nobility are no longer training to fight, right they are.

923
00:51:12,000 --> 00:51:15,480
Speaker 1: They are training and spending their whole youths in childhoods,

924
00:51:15,560 --> 00:51:19,200
Speaker 1: learning how to be the most effective member of what

925
00:51:19,280 --> 00:51:23,200
Speaker 1: is effectively a bickering high school clique. Right, Like this

926
00:51:23,440 --> 00:51:26,520
Speaker 1: is long as well, so it marinates. Yes, your whole

927
00:51:26,560 --> 00:51:28,799
Speaker 1: life is a high school and the king is the

928
00:51:28,800 --> 00:51:31,600
Speaker 1: coolest kid in the school, so everyone is constantly trying

929
00:51:31,600 --> 00:51:33,319
Speaker 1: to figure out how to make him like them, right,

930
00:51:34,000 --> 00:51:37,200
Speaker 1: instead of focusing on being good at war, you know,

931
00:51:37,239 --> 00:51:39,799
Speaker 1: which is a danger to you as the king when you.

932
00:51:39,680 --> 00:51:42,480
Speaker 3: Say the warriors. What does that mean though for the nobility?

933
00:51:42,800 --> 00:51:47,279
Speaker 1: Well, like traditionally in Europe the army, what knights are, right, Yeah,

934
00:51:47,320 --> 00:51:50,719
Speaker 1: I mean like the knight like knights are nobility and

935
00:51:50,800 --> 00:51:52,960
Speaker 1: they are like the core of your army in the

936
00:51:53,040 --> 00:51:54,960
Speaker 1: earlier medieval period, right.

937
00:51:54,800 --> 00:51:57,680
Speaker 3: Except then now we're bickering about who kind of yes,

938
00:51:58,000 --> 00:51:59,520
Speaker 3: who the shit yes?

939
00:51:59,600 --> 00:52:03,360
Speaker 1: And now instead of having like any real doing anything

940
00:52:03,400 --> 00:52:06,160
Speaker 1: else really, all that these guys are doing a lot

941
00:52:06,160 --> 00:52:08,240
Speaker 1: of these people are doing on a day to day basis.

942
00:52:08,360 --> 00:52:12,520
Speaker 1: Is obsessing over like the minutia of this, like basically

943
00:52:12,560 --> 00:52:13,719
Speaker 1: big high school. Right.

944
00:52:15,000 --> 00:52:15,480
Speaker 3: I love it.

945
00:52:15,960 --> 00:52:18,760
Speaker 1: So for the next decade after sixteen sixty two, construction

946
00:52:18,840 --> 00:52:22,240
Speaker 1: continues at a relentless pace, and as more gets built,

947
00:52:22,280 --> 00:52:24,960
Speaker 1: more and more nobles live full time at Versai. It

948
00:52:25,040 --> 00:52:28,400
Speaker 1: becomes the King's primary residence when he's not out engaging

949
00:52:28,440 --> 00:52:31,200
Speaker 1: in his favorite hobby, going to war with the Dutch.

950
00:52:32,120 --> 00:52:35,400
Speaker 1: The son King felt that Denmark was natural French territory,

951
00:52:35,440 --> 00:52:37,840
Speaker 1: and he very nearly managed to make this a reality,

952
00:52:38,200 --> 00:52:40,880
Speaker 1: but his capture of Amsterdam was thwarted when the Dutch

953
00:52:40,960 --> 00:52:44,080
Speaker 1: opened their dikes and flooded the Lowlands. So he does

954
00:52:44,160 --> 00:52:47,919
Speaker 1: get stymied in his dream of owning the Netherlands, which

955
00:52:47,960 --> 00:52:51,080
Speaker 1: is very sad for all of us. You know, I

956
00:52:51,120 --> 00:52:53,160
Speaker 1: would like to own the Netherlands one day. So I

957
00:52:53,160 --> 00:52:56,840
Speaker 1: can understand why this is big for Louis the fourteenth.

958
00:52:57,480 --> 00:53:00,359
Speaker 1: Back home, you know, he couldn't he couldn't make this work.

959
00:53:00,480 --> 00:53:04,040
Speaker 1: But back in Versailles he's able to exercise ultimate control

960
00:53:04,160 --> 00:53:07,319
Speaker 1: over nature. For example, the king decided he wanted a

961
00:53:07,400 --> 00:53:11,640
Speaker 1: forest around Versailles. And you know the problem with forests.

962
00:53:11,840 --> 00:53:14,319
Speaker 1: And you can plant a forest, anybody can plant a

963
00:53:14,360 --> 00:53:17,160
Speaker 1: forest if you got enough seeds, But trees take so

964
00:53:17,320 --> 00:53:18,440
Speaker 1: fucking long to grin.

965
00:53:18,960 --> 00:53:20,520
Speaker 3: I was just going to say, you go, bloody, wait

966
00:53:20,560 --> 00:53:21,160
Speaker 3: for the thing.

967
00:53:21,239 --> 00:53:24,759
Speaker 1: Huge pain in the ass, you know, huh. He's not

968
00:53:24,880 --> 00:53:26,880
Speaker 1: going to do that. So rather than wait for trees

969
00:53:26,920 --> 00:53:30,520
Speaker 1: to grow, he has thousands of adult trees dug up

970
00:53:30,600 --> 00:53:35,200
Speaker 1: from nearby forests and all take trees, take it from

971
00:53:35,239 --> 00:53:40,839
Speaker 1: somewhere else, and he plants them Midford rightes. Of those

972
00:53:40,840 --> 00:53:44,239
Speaker 1: which died, about half were immediately replaced. So basically they're

973
00:53:44,320 --> 00:53:48,480
Speaker 1: just planting, killed, digging up adult trees, planting them, waiting

974
00:53:48,520 --> 00:53:51,040
Speaker 1: for ones to die, and then replanting them until they

975
00:53:51,040 --> 00:53:52,480
Speaker 1: have a living forest.

976
00:53:52,920 --> 00:53:55,440
Speaker 3: And grabbing new trees to replace the Yes, trees that

977
00:53:55,440 --> 00:53:56,240
Speaker 3: you've already grabbed.

978
00:53:56,239 --> 00:54:01,880
Speaker 1: Wonderful cool, you've already murdered. Yes, speaking of killing trees,

979
00:54:02,600 --> 00:54:13,320
Speaker 1: you know who hates trees? Not our sponsors. We're back,

980
00:54:13,440 --> 00:54:17,200
Speaker 1: We're so back. We've never been more back. And we're

981
00:54:17,239 --> 00:54:20,840
Speaker 1: talking about the palace at Versailles, which has just murdered

982
00:54:20,880 --> 00:54:23,120
Speaker 1: thousands of trees. The the king can have a forest

983
00:54:25,160 --> 00:54:29,280
Speaker 1: so obviously for years the palace is dreadfully uncomfortable. Curtier

984
00:54:29,520 --> 00:54:32,880
Speaker 1: courtiers slept wherever they could before the various apartments were finished,

985
00:54:32,880 --> 00:54:35,719
Speaker 1: and the sun King was also usually like kind of

986
00:54:35,800 --> 00:54:39,440
Speaker 1: roughing it too behind his back. Nobles called the palace

987
00:54:39,560 --> 00:54:45,160
Speaker 1: a mistress without merit, as in like this is like

988
00:54:45,320 --> 00:54:49,759
Speaker 1: the king's lady, but like she sucks. You know, none

989
00:54:49,760 --> 00:54:52,480
Speaker 1: would dare say that to Lewis's face, to Louise face, though,

990
00:54:52,800 --> 00:54:55,040
Speaker 1: and the dream of the palace sustained him until the

991
00:54:55,080 --> 00:54:58,200
Speaker 1: first phase of construction was finished in like the sixteen seventies.

992
00:54:58,680 --> 00:55:02,279
Speaker 1: This gave way almost immediately to an expansion in remodeling,

993
00:55:03,000 --> 00:55:05,320
Speaker 1: but the palace was done enough that it starts attracting

994
00:55:05,360 --> 00:55:09,000
Speaker 1: foreign visitors with stories of its grandeur. One like anecdote

995
00:55:09,000 --> 00:55:13,239
Speaker 1: you'll hear at the time is that British people who

996
00:55:13,239 --> 00:55:15,319
Speaker 1: would like go and see the court at Versailles would

997
00:55:15,320 --> 00:55:17,480
Speaker 1: be like, oh, man, our king lives in a fucking slum.

998
00:55:17,640 --> 00:55:21,160
Speaker 1: Basically right, like it is in short order the most

999
00:55:21,239 --> 00:55:24,400
Speaker 1: famous capitol building in Europe, and it actually, like every

1000
00:55:24,560 --> 00:55:29,000
Speaker 1: palace after this point is influenced by Versailles. It becomes

1001
00:55:29,000 --> 00:55:31,880
Speaker 1: like a destination for the other crowned heads and nobles

1002
00:55:31,880 --> 00:55:34,920
Speaker 1: of the continent. And so it actually does. It is

1003
00:55:34,960 --> 00:55:38,520
Speaker 1: a hideous expense while they are building it. It consumes

1004
00:55:38,640 --> 00:55:46,560
Speaker 1: half of France's GDP. What yes, it is an outrageous expense,

1005
00:55:46,840 --> 00:55:52,560
Speaker 1: wonderfully like, it is almost an incomprehensible expense. And this

1006
00:55:52,719 --> 00:55:56,920
Speaker 1: enormous expense necessitated economic changes which were brought about in

1007
00:55:56,920 --> 00:56:00,359
Speaker 1: part by the further centralization and modernization of the friend state.

1008
00:56:00,840 --> 00:56:03,560
Speaker 1: Part of obviously, Versailles in and of itself is a

1009
00:56:03,640 --> 00:56:06,880
Speaker 1: central is centralizing the state in a way that makes

1010
00:56:06,880 --> 00:56:11,120
Speaker 1: it more modern. But also they have to modernize and

1011
00:56:11,120 --> 00:56:16,800
Speaker 1: centralize the economy more in order to afford Versailles. Louis's

1012
00:56:16,800 --> 00:56:19,680
Speaker 1: economic minister was a guy named Colbert, who had taught

1013
00:56:19,680 --> 00:56:21,960
Speaker 1: the son king math when he was a child. And

1014
00:56:22,200 --> 00:56:25,600
Speaker 1: Colbert hated Versailles. He thinks it's a stupid idea. But

1015
00:56:25,640 --> 00:56:29,120
Speaker 1: he's also really good with the money, and he's probably

1016
00:56:29,200 --> 00:56:31,600
Speaker 1: the only person who could have made the whole project

1017
00:56:31,680 --> 00:56:36,320
Speaker 1: economically viable, and for a while he does. As Mitford writes, quote,

1018
00:56:36,640 --> 00:56:38,840
Speaker 1: the prestige of Louis the fourteenth and the fame of

1019
00:56:38,960 --> 00:56:42,360
Speaker 1: Versailles mounted year by year. Other European princes and magnates

1020
00:56:42,360 --> 00:56:44,480
Speaker 1: wanted a Versailles of their own, down to the smallest

1021
00:56:44,480 --> 00:56:47,879
Speaker 1: details of its furnishings. Colbert exploited this fashion to help

1022
00:56:47,880 --> 00:56:51,279
Speaker 1: his exports. He erected a rigid customs barrier. Nothing was

1023
00:56:51,320 --> 00:56:53,720
Speaker 1: allowed to be imported that could be made in France.

1024
00:56:54,120 --> 00:56:58,040
Speaker 1: Factories were set up to supply the linen lace, silk glass, carpets, jewelry,

1025
00:56:58,120 --> 00:57:00,719
Speaker 1: inlaid furniture, and other articles of loveury that used to

1026
00:57:00,800 --> 00:57:03,919
Speaker 1: come from foreign lands. The finest examples of their work

1027
00:57:03,960 --> 00:57:06,480
Speaker 1: went to Versailles and were shown to the foreign visitors

1028
00:57:06,480 --> 00:57:09,759
Speaker 1: who flocked there. The chateau became a shop window, a

1029
00:57:09,800 --> 00:57:12,080
Speaker 1: permanent exhibition of French goods.

1030
00:57:14,320 --> 00:57:18,000
Speaker 3: So the economy literally centralized around a half yes, yes,

1031
00:57:18,040 --> 00:57:20,480
Speaker 3: and it becomes a massive part of the French economy,

1032
00:57:21,440 --> 00:57:24,320
Speaker 3: both in that like like.

1033
00:57:24,520 --> 00:57:27,720
Speaker 1: This is where we use this as a showcase for

1034
00:57:27,760 --> 00:57:31,440
Speaker 1: the different things like French artisans can make. And because

1035
00:57:31,480 --> 00:57:33,880
Speaker 1: all of the crowdheads come here, they're blown over by

1036
00:57:33,880 --> 00:57:36,480
Speaker 1: the palace and they're like, well, I need those kind

1037
00:57:36,520 --> 00:57:39,560
Speaker 1: of tables, right, I need those chairs right, and only

1038
00:57:39,680 --> 00:57:42,120
Speaker 1: French artisans. This is part of why France gets its

1039
00:57:42,120 --> 00:57:46,320
Speaker 1: reputation is having the best artisans in Europe, right is Versailles,

1040
00:57:46,840 --> 00:57:52,480
Speaker 1: and so luxury goods become an increasingly massive part of

1041
00:57:52,520 --> 00:57:56,440
Speaker 1: the French economy, and Versailles is where they're shown off,

1042
00:57:56,520 --> 00:57:58,919
Speaker 1: and so it is like a cees for like rich

1043
00:57:58,960 --> 00:58:02,360
Speaker 1: people furnishings, you know, like that is a big factor

1044
00:58:02,480 --> 00:58:06,200
Speaker 1: and like what Versay becomes and its role in the

1045
00:58:06,240 --> 00:58:09,160
Speaker 1: economy now, but also is central to the economy because

1046
00:58:09,160 --> 00:58:11,400
Speaker 1: of the sheer again, thirty six thousand workers at the

1047
00:58:11,440 --> 00:58:14,520
Speaker 1: height of this project. That's a massive deal for a

1048
00:58:14,600 --> 00:58:18,160
Speaker 1: country that is like France's in this period of time.

1049
00:58:18,680 --> 00:58:21,840
Speaker 1: And Colbert saw the sheer number of workmen the project

1050
00:58:22,000 --> 00:58:25,080
Speaker 1: consumed as more than the state could bear given its

1051
00:58:25,120 --> 00:58:27,360
Speaker 1: current birth rate. Right, Like he comes to the Ministry

1052
00:58:27,360 --> 00:58:29,040
Speaker 1: of the Economy, comes to the conclusion that we are

1053
00:58:29,080 --> 00:58:34,320
Speaker 1: not breeding enough men to continue building Versailles, and so

1054
00:58:34,440 --> 00:58:40,520
Speaker 1: the institution national breeding program to ensure sufficient labor for

1055
00:58:40,640 --> 00:58:44,560
Speaker 1: a house for the king's big fancy party house.

1056
00:58:46,480 --> 00:58:49,640
Speaker 3: This is so awful but also so cool. It's just

1057
00:58:49,680 --> 00:58:53,760
Speaker 3: like half the economy. Yeah, like all of the we

1058
00:58:53,840 --> 00:58:57,440
Speaker 3: have an entire thing of like housing furnishings. Yeah, look

1059
00:58:57,480 --> 00:58:59,600
Speaker 3: at multiple industries.

1060
00:58:59,560 --> 00:59:02,800
Speaker 1: It's and obviously like evil. It is also like Louis

1061
00:59:02,800 --> 00:59:05,120
Speaker 1: the fourteenth is kind of the most king that a

1062
00:59:05,200 --> 00:59:07,440
Speaker 1: king has ever been, Like this really.

1063
00:59:07,200 --> 00:59:13,040
Speaker 3: Is king it. Yeah, if you're gonna be a king, economy,

1064
00:59:13,920 --> 00:59:16,800
Speaker 3: create multiple industries, make everything built in one country to

1065
00:59:16,880 --> 00:59:19,920
Speaker 3: make your house cool, to make your house cool, and

1066
00:59:20,000 --> 00:59:23,200
Speaker 3: then create a bunch of bizarre social rules inside it

1067
00:59:23,320 --> 00:59:24,880
Speaker 3: so that everyone's freaked out.

1068
00:59:25,200 --> 00:59:28,640
Speaker 1: Just like, yeah, it's it's so. It's so like there

1069
00:59:28,640 --> 00:59:32,480
Speaker 1: are between once versa gets up and running permanently between

1070
00:59:32,680 --> 00:59:35,200
Speaker 1: like three thousand people is kind of like the normal

1071
00:59:35,280 --> 00:59:38,720
Speaker 1: level of inhabitants and up to ten thousand at times,

1072
00:59:38,800 --> 00:59:41,640
Speaker 1: right when like the party seasons at full swims people

1073
00:59:41,680 --> 00:59:47,120
Speaker 1: in that Yes, yes, it's it is massive. Now this

1074
00:59:47,360 --> 00:59:51,080
Speaker 1: Colbert institutes this breeding program. He exempts families with more

1075
00:59:51,120 --> 00:59:56,240
Speaker 1: than ten kids from taxes. He also raises age. That's nice.

1076
00:59:56,480 --> 00:59:58,840
Speaker 1: He also raises the age at which men and women

1077
00:59:58,920 --> 01:00:01,160
Speaker 1: are allowed to join the cat the church's priests and

1078
01:00:01,240 --> 01:00:04,600
Speaker 1: nuns because he's worried that like because they're not breeding obviously,

1079
01:00:05,040 --> 01:00:10,520
Speaker 1: And he forbids working men from emigrating from leaving the country. Yes,

1080
01:00:11,120 --> 01:00:14,840
Speaker 1: now we can come to my house, build everyone to

1081
01:00:14,880 --> 01:00:15,840
Speaker 1: come to my house.

1082
01:00:16,440 --> 01:00:19,320
Speaker 3: I need Colbert extra child, bring your boys to my house,

1083
01:00:19,320 --> 01:00:20,120
Speaker 3: to build my house.

1084
01:00:20,480 --> 01:00:23,080
Speaker 1: And for Colbert it's more like, I hate this house.

1085
01:00:23,160 --> 01:00:25,680
Speaker 1: It's stupid. It's dumb that the king is doing this.

1086
01:00:25,840 --> 01:00:28,600
Speaker 1: But the whole country will collapse if we don't keep

1087
01:00:28,640 --> 01:00:29,560
Speaker 1: this house going.

1088
01:00:30,040 --> 01:00:32,920
Speaker 3: I didn't tea so that you could build a house

1089
01:00:33,000 --> 01:00:33,320
Speaker 3: like this.

1090
01:00:35,880 --> 01:00:38,120
Speaker 1: Now it is hard for me to read stuff like

1091
01:00:38,120 --> 01:00:41,240
Speaker 1: this and not think about like Elon Musk and Palmer

1092
01:00:41,320 --> 01:00:44,560
Speaker 1: Lucky's obsession with birthrates, right, and they forget it's like

1093
01:00:44,840 --> 01:00:47,320
Speaker 1: a fairness thing. Oh, if you're not having two point

1094
01:00:47,320 --> 01:00:49,640
Speaker 1: one kids, you expect someone else's child to take care

1095
01:00:49,640 --> 01:00:52,520
Speaker 1: of you when you're old. But the reality is closer

1096
01:00:52,560 --> 01:00:55,280
Speaker 1: to what Colbert and Louis wanted, right. They also just

1097
01:00:55,320 --> 01:00:58,040
Speaker 1: want warm bodies to feed into the ravenous maw of

1098
01:00:58,080 --> 01:01:01,640
Speaker 1: their narcissistic death projects. They just not aren't as open

1099
01:01:01,680 --> 01:01:03,760
Speaker 1: about it or as good at it like they just

1100
01:01:03,960 --> 01:01:05,600
Speaker 1: and they'll never have louis the fact.

1101
01:01:05,600 --> 01:01:07,600
Speaker 3: And I think that is the thing with Elon Musk

1102
01:01:07,720 --> 01:01:10,760
Speaker 3: and all of these other damp fellows. They don't have

1103
01:01:10,800 --> 01:01:14,360
Speaker 3: the killer instinct of like a like like an old

1104
01:01:14,440 --> 01:01:17,320
Speaker 3: school French atrocity merchant.

1105
01:01:17,320 --> 01:01:21,720
Speaker 1: Yes, because they didn't. He literally fought and like warrid

1106
01:01:21,880 --> 01:01:25,320
Speaker 1: his way, like his whole childhood is like wars and

1107
01:01:25,400 --> 01:01:26,920
Speaker 1: conniving right, like.

1108
01:01:28,800 --> 01:01:32,360
Speaker 3: Yeah, no, no, no, it's just Musk is like trying

1109
01:01:32,360 --> 01:01:34,360
Speaker 3: to like counch every look, oh, I'm doing this for

1110
01:01:34,400 --> 01:01:37,320
Speaker 3: the better than in humanity. Louis just like we need

1111
01:01:37,360 --> 01:01:40,919
Speaker 3: more fucking children to build by party house. Go go go, yeah, yeah,

1112
01:01:41,320 --> 01:01:43,720
Speaker 3: well go what are you fucking kidding? They don't make

1113
01:01:43,800 --> 01:01:45,959
Speaker 3: chairs here. Fuck you. You can't leave the country until

1114
01:01:45,960 --> 01:01:46,880
Speaker 3: you fuck more.

1115
01:01:49,640 --> 01:01:52,920
Speaker 1: So, the years in which Versailla's constructed and debuted to

1116
01:01:52,960 --> 01:01:55,520
Speaker 1: the world are good ones for the French economy, which

1117
01:01:55,640 --> 01:01:59,360
Speaker 1: doubles in revenue between sixteen sixty one and sixteen seventy one. Again,

1118
01:02:00,040 --> 01:02:04,360
Speaker 1: Bear is good at this. This does work. However, the

1119
01:02:04,440 --> 01:02:07,640
Speaker 1: wealth coming as a result of Versailles is largely due

1120
01:02:07,680 --> 01:02:10,400
Speaker 1: to an explosion. Again and like luxury goods and work

1121
01:02:10,440 --> 01:02:15,680
Speaker 1: for skilled craftsmen, and so while there's on paper the

1122
01:02:16,240 --> 01:02:19,520
Speaker 1: economy is doing better, a huge group of the country

1123
01:02:19,560 --> 01:02:22,400
Speaker 1: is doing much worse, which is the peasantry. Right, The

1124
01:02:22,480 --> 01:02:26,880
Speaker 1: people who make their living growing food suffer, suffer tremendously.

1125
01:02:26,960 --> 01:02:30,440
Speaker 1: While this economic miracle is going on again. This is

1126
01:02:30,480 --> 01:02:34,200
Speaker 1: not similar to anything that's happened. Yeah, you know, not

1127
01:02:34,280 --> 01:02:36,040
Speaker 1: that it's the people growing food with us, but it

1128
01:02:36,120 --> 01:02:38,960
Speaker 1: is like, you know, the economy is great on paper

1129
01:02:38,960 --> 01:02:41,080
Speaker 1: for all these corporations, while a huge chunk of the

1130
01:02:41,120 --> 01:02:44,200
Speaker 1: working class is suffering. Right, it is kind of you

1131
01:02:44,440 --> 01:02:46,880
Speaker 1: can see it as similar to that where well, yeah,

1132
01:02:46,920 --> 01:02:49,320
Speaker 1: like the people who are making shit for Versaiah doing well,

1133
01:02:49,360 --> 01:02:54,600
Speaker 1: but like the peasant farmers are like in a disastrous state.

1134
01:02:55,000 --> 01:02:56,920
Speaker 1: And Colbert's fine with this. He does not give a

1135
01:02:56,920 --> 01:02:59,240
Speaker 1: shit about these people suffering, and neither it is Louis.

1136
01:02:59,680 --> 01:03:02,680
Speaker 1: They are concerned with the continued expansion of this pleasure

1137
01:03:02,720 --> 01:03:06,080
Speaker 1: palace and the attendant growth of the French military and navy.

1138
01:03:06,400 --> 01:03:07,840
Speaker 1: And those are the only priss not.

1139
01:03:07,880 --> 01:03:10,240
Speaker 3: Built fully yet or are they just building more of it.

1140
01:03:10,800 --> 01:03:14,760
Speaker 1: They're constantly building more of it and renovating it. And

1141
01:03:15,040 --> 01:03:17,200
Speaker 1: the only projects that are allowed to compete with Versy

1142
01:03:17,320 --> 01:03:21,760
Speaker 1: for manpower are the military and the navy. As Mitford writes, quote,

1143
01:03:21,960 --> 01:03:24,720
Speaker 1: he Colbert did little or nothing to help the French

1144
01:03:24,760 --> 01:03:28,560
Speaker 1: peasants through a period of agricultural depression. Indeed, low farm

1145
01:03:28,600 --> 01:03:32,320
Speaker 1: prices suited his policy of cheap exports. The gap between

1146
01:03:32,320 --> 01:03:35,200
Speaker 1: the peasantry and the rest of the population first became

1147
01:03:35,400 --> 01:03:38,760
Speaker 1: serious under Colbert. It was not bridged, as in England

1148
01:03:38,800 --> 01:03:42,000
Speaker 1: by country gentlemen. He encouraged the slave trade, and although

1149
01:03:42,000 --> 01:03:45,120
Speaker 1: he did insist on certain humanitarian measures, this was the

1150
01:03:45,120 --> 01:03:47,240
Speaker 1: only way to keep down the death rate of such

1151
01:03:47,360 --> 01:03:50,600
Speaker 1: valuable cattle. Worst of all, he increased the number of

1152
01:03:50,640 --> 01:03:53,439
Speaker 1: galleys in the French Navy from six to forty, each

1153
01:03:53,520 --> 01:03:57,280
Speaker 1: containing two hundred unhappy souls. Since black people were useless

1154
01:03:57,280 --> 01:03:59,959
Speaker 1: for manning them, they had no stamina and diet at once.

1155
01:04:00,440 --> 01:04:02,720
Speaker 1: He employed This was a book written a lot longer ago.

1156
01:04:03,080 --> 01:04:06,560
Speaker 1: He employed French criminals and Turks caught in the Barbary Wars.

1157
01:04:06,840 --> 01:04:08,880
Speaker 1: When the Turks were worn out, they were sold in

1158
01:04:08,920 --> 01:04:12,360
Speaker 1: America for what they would fetch. Young, solid frenchmen accused

1159
01:04:12,360 --> 01:04:14,920
Speaker 1: of capital offenses were often sent to the galleys for

1160
01:04:15,000 --> 01:04:18,320
Speaker 1: life instead of being executed. Minor criminals, if they were

1161
01:04:18,360 --> 01:04:21,240
Speaker 1: able bodied, were never released at the end of their sentences.

1162
01:04:21,440 --> 01:04:23,840
Speaker 1: They could only be freed if their relations could afford

1163
01:04:23,880 --> 01:04:27,120
Speaker 1: to buy a turk to replace them. Colbert thought that

1164
01:04:27,160 --> 01:04:29,960
Speaker 1: too many of his galley slaves died. The intendent of

1165
01:04:29,960 --> 01:04:32,160
Speaker 1: the galley swore they were well fed, but said they

1166
01:04:32,200 --> 01:04:37,120
Speaker 1: died of grief and boredom. So this is just a

1167
01:04:37,240 --> 01:04:41,160
Speaker 1: night It's really to emphasize this is a nightmare state, right, Like,

1168
01:04:41,840 --> 01:04:44,760
Speaker 1: while they're killing all these laborers in the palace, the

1169
01:04:44,800 --> 01:04:48,480
Speaker 1: whole navy is. We tried using slaves, but they all

1170
01:04:48,560 --> 01:04:51,440
Speaker 1: died immediately, so we brought in instead. We brought in

1171
01:04:51,560 --> 01:04:56,440
Speaker 1: turks that were basically slaves and like captive prisoners, and

1172
01:04:56,640 --> 01:04:58,040
Speaker 1: you know, you can buy your way out, which you

1173
01:04:58,040 --> 01:05:00,520
Speaker 1: got to find us another turk, you know, just like.

1174
01:05:00,400 --> 01:05:02,960
Speaker 3: This is like a side took economy and all if

1175
01:05:02,960 --> 01:05:05,240
Speaker 3: this again is to pretty much make sure a big

1176
01:05:05,280 --> 01:05:06,040
Speaker 3: house is built.

1177
01:05:06,440 --> 01:05:08,640
Speaker 1: Yes, well, and this is this is for the navy,

1178
01:05:08,680 --> 01:05:11,040
Speaker 1: but the navy is there to protect your ability to

1179
01:05:11,120 --> 01:05:13,760
Speaker 1: continue building the big house, right, you need a strong

1180
01:05:13,880 --> 01:05:16,160
Speaker 1: navy and military so no one can stop you from

1181
01:05:16,200 --> 01:05:21,280
Speaker 1: having this huge of course. Oh god, yeah, it's it's

1182
01:05:21,360 --> 01:05:24,560
Speaker 1: kind it's it's a nightmare. Uh. It is important to

1183
01:05:24,680 --> 01:05:27,400
Speaker 1: really emphasize the degree to which Versailles was, from the

1184
01:05:27,440 --> 01:05:31,360
Speaker 1: beginning a marvel of architecture and art and culture, as

1185
01:05:31,400 --> 01:05:34,160
Speaker 1: well as a yawning pit into which human lives were

1186
01:05:34,160 --> 01:05:37,800
Speaker 1: poured in order to build and maintain. That said, the

1187
01:05:37,840 --> 01:05:41,120
Speaker 1: plan works. The nobles don't trouble him or any other

1188
01:05:41,200 --> 01:05:44,480
Speaker 1: French king in his line with thoughts of thoughts of revolution. Again,

1189
01:05:45,560 --> 01:05:49,000
Speaker 1: beyond that, versy becomes the envy of every other king

1190
01:05:49,000 --> 01:05:52,600
Speaker 1: and emperor. It was, in one writer's words, the cultural

1191
01:05:52,640 --> 01:05:56,160
Speaker 1: heartbeat of Europe when people on the continent referred to

1192
01:05:56,440 --> 01:05:59,120
Speaker 1: the king. Like if people in other European states just

1193
01:05:59,160 --> 01:06:02,080
Speaker 1: refer generally to the king, it's often understood that they're

1194
01:06:02,080 --> 01:06:04,960
Speaker 1: talking about Louis the fourteenth because he is so powerful

1195
01:06:05,440 --> 01:06:08,200
Speaker 1: in his centralization of power, he becomes one of the

1196
01:06:08,200 --> 01:06:12,400
Speaker 1: most absolute monarchs the world has ever seen. One illustrative

1197
01:06:12,480 --> 01:06:16,360
Speaker 1: anecdote is a rhyme the son King himself composed the

1198
01:06:16,480 --> 01:06:27,320
Speaker 1: tat sestemois the state that's me Wow. Lyrical genius, lyrical, genius, boss,

1199
01:06:27,960 --> 01:06:31,920
Speaker 1: It's so funny. No ego has ever been more fevered.

1200
01:06:32,120 --> 01:06:36,120
Speaker 1: A whole language of etiquette and pomp is created and

1201
01:06:36,160 --> 01:06:40,240
Speaker 1: developed around earning and keeping the king's power. For one, So,

1202
01:06:40,360 --> 01:06:42,520
Speaker 1: for an example of this, he hates the idea that

1203
01:06:42,560 --> 01:06:45,960
Speaker 1: people go to the bathroom right. He can't stand this.

1204
01:06:46,400 --> 01:06:51,000
Speaker 1: He considers it a weakness. And if you well toilet,

1205
01:06:51,560 --> 01:06:53,680
Speaker 1: if you are, if you are, if you are traveling

1206
01:06:53,720 --> 01:06:56,120
Speaker 1: with this guy or hanging out with him and you

1207
01:06:56,240 --> 01:06:58,080
Speaker 1: need to stop to pee, if you like asked to

1208
01:06:58,120 --> 01:07:01,080
Speaker 1: be excused to go to the bathroom, you're instantly exiled

1209
01:07:01,160 --> 01:07:02,240
Speaker 1: from the cool kids crowd.

1210
01:07:02,680 --> 01:07:06,160
Speaker 4: It's like trying to give everybody a ut I he.

1211
01:07:06,080 --> 01:07:09,560
Speaker 1: Loves U t I s The man can't get enough

1212
01:07:09,680 --> 01:07:10,479
Speaker 1: ut I s.

1213
01:07:14,040 --> 01:07:14,200
Speaker 4: Oh.

1214
01:07:14,280 --> 01:07:18,640
Speaker 1: He just does whatever he wants. He's he's the king,

1215
01:07:18,680 --> 01:07:23,440
Speaker 1: he can do anything. Range so his his his like

1216
01:07:23,680 --> 01:07:27,480
Speaker 1: closest friends find themselves avoiding water or getting really good

1217
01:07:27,520 --> 01:07:30,360
Speaker 1: at holding it, or they have to sneak away to relieve.

1218
01:07:30,040 --> 01:07:34,720
Speaker 3: Themselves right outside to look around something.

1219
01:07:34,760 --> 01:07:39,640
Speaker 1: Man, I gotta go fuck my mistress. Now, servants some

1220
01:07:39,760 --> 01:07:43,040
Speaker 1: nobles have their own apartments with chamber pots, right, and

1221
01:07:43,120 --> 01:07:46,600
Speaker 1: so their servants will barter and sell bathroom access to

1222
01:07:46,640 --> 01:07:48,600
Speaker 1: people who need to go to the bathroom, who are

1223
01:07:48,600 --> 01:07:50,040
Speaker 1: like running away.

1224
01:07:49,760 --> 01:07:53,040
Speaker 5: For you've got to give me a second somewhere, right,

1225
01:07:54,120 --> 01:07:58,280
Speaker 5: So trained because of this, there are rumors which will

1226
01:07:58,320 --> 01:08:02,360
Speaker 5: really get crazy and later among later kings, and these

1227
01:08:02,400 --> 01:08:06,120
Speaker 5: will spread heavily among people in Paris, and it's fanned

1228
01:08:06,120 --> 01:08:08,480
Speaker 5: a lot by like newspapers and tracts that are printed

1229
01:08:08,480 --> 01:08:11,560
Speaker 5: in Denmark because there's no press freedom in France.

1230
01:08:11,880 --> 01:08:14,320
Speaker 1: So the newspapers that people are reading in Paris that

1231
01:08:14,400 --> 01:08:17,320
Speaker 1: have all of the gossip are usually printed in Denmark

1232
01:08:17,439 --> 01:08:20,840
Speaker 1: and then brought into Paris smuggled in the Paris they'll

1233
01:08:20,880 --> 01:08:25,360
Speaker 1: be sold and like the property owned by nobles who

1234
01:08:25,720 --> 01:08:28,800
Speaker 1: are like the idea of these papers being around for

1235
01:08:28,840 --> 01:08:30,719
Speaker 1: their own personal benefit and can.

1236
01:08:30,680 --> 01:08:31,759
Speaker 3: Keep the police away.

1237
01:08:31,880 --> 01:08:32,040
Speaker 5: Right.

1238
01:08:32,120 --> 01:08:34,040
Speaker 1: So that's how a lot of this. We'll talk more

1239
01:08:34,080 --> 01:08:38,160
Speaker 1: about that later. But you know, one of the rumors

1240
01:08:38,160 --> 01:08:41,240
Speaker 1: that starts to spread because of how weird Louis is

1241
01:08:41,280 --> 01:08:44,400
Speaker 1: about people going to the bathroom is that members of

1242
01:08:44,439 --> 01:08:47,400
Speaker 1: the nobility are just pissing in the hallways and corners

1243
01:08:47,439 --> 01:08:49,840
Speaker 1: of the palace and that all of Versailles is one big,

1244
01:08:49,880 --> 01:08:54,720
Speaker 1: expensive bathroom, right, Like everyone's just pissing and shitting everywhere. Right.

1245
01:08:55,120 --> 01:08:58,599
Speaker 1: That is a rumor that's widely believed in Paris. This

1246
01:08:58,760 --> 01:09:02,880
Speaker 1: is an exaggeration. Mitford says, it's just outright untrue. You know,

1247
01:09:03,000 --> 01:09:05,519
Speaker 1: because of how many bathrooms there are in Versailles, this

1248
01:09:05,680 --> 01:09:08,880
Speaker 1: just wouldn't happen. I don't think Mitford's got it right either,

1249
01:09:09,000 --> 01:09:11,679
Speaker 1: because here's the thing. It's certainly not true that it's

1250
01:09:11,720 --> 01:09:14,519
Speaker 1: the norm for people to piss and shit wherever they're standing.

1251
01:09:14,920 --> 01:09:18,040
Speaker 1: But this is a house filled with thousands of drunk

1252
01:09:18,080 --> 01:09:21,839
Speaker 1: people partying all of the times.

1253
01:09:22,800 --> 01:09:27,280
Speaker 3: Yeah, so did yous sally went to the toilet, so

1254
01:09:27,520 --> 01:09:28,360
Speaker 3: jeremy pissing.

1255
01:09:29,360 --> 01:09:31,799
Speaker 1: So one of the things that is a factor. In Versailles.

1256
01:09:32,200 --> 01:09:36,320
Speaker 1: Every room, basically every major room has orange trees in it,

1257
01:09:36,479 --> 01:09:40,240
Speaker 1: like in other plants. People are definitely pissing in those pots.

1258
01:09:40,280 --> 01:09:42,639
Speaker 1: Like you're not gonna tell me people they are still alive,

1259
01:09:42,920 --> 01:09:50,680
Speaker 1: y right, And people are for sure puking in random spots, right,

1260
01:09:50,720 --> 01:09:54,200
Speaker 1: because again, it's a big frat house to some degree, right,

1261
01:09:54,280 --> 01:09:56,920
Speaker 1: So there's some amount of this that has to obviously

1262
01:09:57,360 --> 01:09:59,320
Speaker 1: the degree to which they talk about this being a

1263
01:09:59,360 --> 01:10:02,479
Speaker 1: thing in Perry, this is a massive exaggeration, but it

1264
01:10:02,640 --> 01:10:06,680
Speaker 1: definitely happens, you know, Yeah.

1265
01:10:05,960 --> 01:10:07,880
Speaker 3: Especially if you have to surreptitiously piss.

1266
01:10:08,240 --> 01:10:09,880
Speaker 1: Yeah, you've got to hide that, you're like.

1267
01:10:09,920 --> 01:10:13,120
Speaker 3: Just like justin Lippens, Yeah, you just.

1268
01:10:13,720 --> 01:10:16,720
Speaker 1: You know, hygiene was not as bad back then as

1269
01:10:16,760 --> 01:10:20,400
Speaker 1: people often assume among the nobility. But like people didn't

1270
01:10:20,400 --> 01:10:24,200
Speaker 1: bathe daily. They're generally cloaked in perfume, and between that,

1271
01:10:24,520 --> 01:10:27,280
Speaker 1: the pallas is constantly filled with smoke because of all

1272
01:10:27,320 --> 01:10:30,160
Speaker 1: of the candles and fireplaces. So the smell of this

1273
01:10:30,280 --> 01:10:34,400
Speaker 1: place would have been fascinating at time. Yes, right, let's

1274
01:10:34,400 --> 01:10:39,919
Speaker 1: put it that way. It's crazy. Not necessarily bad always,

1275
01:10:40,040 --> 01:10:47,960
Speaker 1: but crazy, yeah, like unfathomable to our modern noses. So

1276
01:10:48,080 --> 01:10:50,479
Speaker 1: Louis the fourteenth one of the whole world of her

1277
01:10:50,560 --> 01:10:53,240
Speaker 1: side revolve around him, and it did, which meant one

1278
01:10:53,280 --> 01:10:55,600
Speaker 1: of the most important questions for anyone to ask on

1279
01:10:55,640 --> 01:10:58,439
Speaker 1: a daily basis was who is the king fucking?

1280
01:10:58,920 --> 01:10:59,840
Speaker 3: And the king is.

1281
01:10:59,800 --> 01:11:03,320
Speaker 1: A notoriously horny guy. He is horny by the standards

1282
01:11:03,320 --> 01:11:09,599
Speaker 1: of French kings, right well, and that's hard, like French

1283
01:11:09,720 --> 01:11:13,559
Speaker 1: kings almost invented modern sex. Like and he is he

1284
01:11:13,720 --> 01:11:16,080
Speaker 1: is the fuckingest of the kings of France.

1285
01:11:16,479 --> 01:11:19,679
Speaker 3: Nice. One of his first mistresses.

1286
01:11:19,320 --> 01:11:24,560
Speaker 1: Was uh uh Louis de la Vallier, that Luis de

1287
01:11:24,680 --> 01:11:28,160
Speaker 1: la Valerie, right, who eventually reached a sort of and

1288
01:11:28,240 --> 01:11:31,920
Speaker 1: like there's a huge conflict between her and his his wife,

1289
01:11:32,000 --> 01:11:36,160
Speaker 1: the Queen, and one of his other mistresses, and they

1290
01:11:36,200 --> 01:11:39,240
Speaker 1: eventually like all sit down and talk about it in

1291
01:11:39,280 --> 01:11:41,880
Speaker 1: a way that feels like weirdly modern and like become

1292
01:11:41,960 --> 01:11:42,880
Speaker 1: cool with each other.

1293
01:11:43,160 --> 01:11:44,040
Speaker 4: Right, so.

1294
01:11:46,080 --> 01:11:49,320
Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, like that actually happens here, and like they're

1295
01:11:49,360 --> 01:11:53,560
Speaker 1: actually kind of chill for a while about it. Progressive

1296
01:11:53,720 --> 01:11:58,880
Speaker 1: modern the first Yeah, I mean it is adultery is

1297
01:11:59,040 --> 01:12:03,559
Speaker 1: so normal in the sun King's Palace that it is

1298
01:12:03,760 --> 01:12:07,720
Speaker 1: kind of like that, right, Like the king's mistress is

1299
01:12:07,720 --> 01:12:10,840
Speaker 1: a specific named position at court and one that held

1300
01:12:10,880 --> 01:12:17,799
Speaker 1: quite a bit of influence. Right, Wow, this is insane house.

1301
01:12:19,160 --> 01:12:22,559
Speaker 3: The lady who is just the king. The mistress is

1302
01:12:22,600 --> 01:12:24,480
Speaker 3: like a title. You have a business.

1303
01:12:24,520 --> 01:12:26,759
Speaker 1: The mistress is a title and that people like gossip,

1304
01:12:26,840 --> 01:12:28,479
Speaker 1: like the way that we're gossiping about, like who's going

1305
01:12:28,520 --> 01:12:31,120
Speaker 1: to lead the FBI or whatever. People are gossip about like, yeah,

1306
01:12:31,120 --> 01:12:33,080
Speaker 1: I think the king might fuck this lady next, and

1307
01:12:33,120 --> 01:12:39,120
Speaker 1: you know, who knows what that'll change. And it's it's

1308
01:12:39,160 --> 01:12:41,919
Speaker 1: one of those things where he has his official mistress.

1309
01:12:42,479 --> 01:12:44,599
Speaker 1: That is not to say that he limits himself to

1310
01:12:44,680 --> 01:12:48,080
Speaker 1: one mistress. As Johnny Wilkes writes, quote, it said that

1311
01:12:48,160 --> 01:12:50,479
Speaker 1: one day he grew so impatient waiting for a lover

1312
01:12:50,560 --> 01:12:52,720
Speaker 1: to undress that he turned his attention to one of

1313
01:12:52,760 --> 01:12:58,280
Speaker 1: the maids. Because again he's the king. You know, he's

1314
01:12:58,320 --> 01:13:01,679
Speaker 1: just fucking whoever he wants. He needs the fuck then

1315
01:13:01,920 --> 01:13:03,559
Speaker 1: and he needs to fuck then.

1316
01:13:04,160 --> 01:13:04,599
Speaker 3: Yeah.

1317
01:13:04,680 --> 01:13:07,639
Speaker 1: Now, because the king has the power to he one

1318
01:13:07,680 --> 01:13:09,479
Speaker 1: of the ways in which he'll show favor to a

1319
01:13:09,560 --> 01:13:11,800
Speaker 1: lady he fucks, or to just like a dude he has,

1320
01:13:11,840 --> 01:13:13,599
Speaker 1: like a party, he gets along with a guy one night,

1321
01:13:13,640 --> 01:13:16,240
Speaker 1: they have a good drunk talk or whatever. He hands

1322
01:13:16,280 --> 01:13:19,559
Speaker 1: out these gifts, right, and these gifts are not like

1323
01:13:19,680 --> 01:13:22,479
Speaker 1: sometimes he can hand out just money, but usually the

1324
01:13:22,520 --> 01:13:25,799
Speaker 1: gift is like a pension or the right to tax

1325
01:13:25,920 --> 01:13:28,880
Speaker 1: a specific area, or like you get a cut of

1326
01:13:28,960 --> 01:13:34,960
Speaker 1: the fish that are sold in this province, right, people, Yeah,

1327
01:13:35,040 --> 01:13:36,720
Speaker 1: I got fucked up with Louis and now I get

1328
01:13:36,760 --> 01:13:39,200
Speaker 1: two percent of all of the French the fish sold

1329
01:13:39,240 --> 01:13:42,240
Speaker 1: in Normandy, right, Like that's just what I That's what

1330
01:13:42,320 --> 01:13:47,080
Speaker 1: I have forever now. So there's a lot of there's

1331
01:13:47,120 --> 01:13:49,720
Speaker 1: a ton of money, and like being a woman who

1332
01:13:49,760 --> 01:13:51,760
Speaker 1: he likes and there's a ton of money, and just

1333
01:13:51,760 --> 01:13:54,000
Speaker 1: like being a dude that he's friends with, and so

1334
01:13:54,080 --> 01:13:58,160
Speaker 1: a ah, because of how much money there is in

1335
01:13:58,240 --> 01:13:59,880
Speaker 1: this and how important it is to be in the

1336
01:14:00,080 --> 01:14:06,160
Speaker 1: king's favor. An entire shadow economy springs up, among providing amulets, charms,

1337
01:14:06,200 --> 01:14:09,599
Speaker 1: and magical spells to curry the king's favor, and even

1338
01:14:10,200 --> 01:14:13,640
Speaker 1: poisons to use on rivals for his affections. This is

1339
01:14:13,720 --> 01:14:17,679
Speaker 1: all whole industry in France is like witchcraft to impress

1340
01:14:17,720 --> 01:14:22,120
Speaker 1: the king. Fuck, yeah, yeah, it's pretty cool.

1341
01:14:22,400 --> 01:14:23,240
Speaker 3: That's so great.

1342
01:14:23,760 --> 01:14:27,400
Speaker 1: Nancy Mitford writes about one such purfrayor of Magic's Madame

1343
01:14:27,520 --> 01:14:32,040
Speaker 1: Voissin and Madame Boissin, was approached by a lady at

1344
01:14:32,080 --> 01:14:35,599
Speaker 1: court vying with Luis de la Valerie for the son

1345
01:14:35,680 --> 01:14:39,639
Speaker 1: King's attention. Right, so you know, Valerie is his mistress,

1346
01:14:39,720 --> 01:14:42,759
Speaker 1: and this new lady wants to become the next mistress.

1347
01:14:42,960 --> 01:14:46,360
Speaker 1: Her name is Madame de Montespan, and she wants to

1348
01:14:46,400 --> 01:14:49,400
Speaker 1: take over for Valerie, and you know she thinks that

1349
01:14:49,479 --> 01:14:52,000
Speaker 1: magic's the best way to do that. So she, of course,

1350
01:14:52,160 --> 01:14:54,160
Speaker 1: this Madame bossin lady, and I'm going to quote from

1351
01:14:54,160 --> 01:14:57,080
Speaker 1: the book The Sun King here, she gave excellent advice

1352
01:14:57,120 --> 01:14:59,080
Speaker 1: to her clients and did what she could to help them,

1353
01:14:59,120 --> 01:15:02,599
Speaker 1: catering for little feminine desires such as larger breasts and

1354
01:15:02,640 --> 01:15:06,439
Speaker 1: smaller mouths. White hands and luck at cards when unwanted

1355
01:15:06,479 --> 01:15:09,519
Speaker 1: babies were on the way. She was very understanding. This

1356
01:15:09,600 --> 01:15:13,439
Speaker 1: means she provides a bort to fasciants, right if wishes concerned.

1357
01:15:13,439 --> 01:15:17,120
Speaker 1: In an inheritance, there were certain powders for unrequited love,

1358
01:15:17,240 --> 01:15:20,639
Speaker 1: various forms of magic. No doubt, she began advising Madame

1359
01:15:20,680 --> 01:15:24,040
Speaker 1: de Montespan by talking over the situation and who long

1360
01:15:24,080 --> 01:15:26,200
Speaker 1: need to be loved can have enough of such talks

1361
01:15:26,200 --> 01:15:30,519
Speaker 1: and such advice. But nothing happened. The king remained indifferent. Right,

1362
01:15:30,920 --> 01:15:33,599
Speaker 1: So she tries some of these like magics and spells,

1363
01:15:33,640 --> 01:15:36,599
Speaker 1: and the king doesn't want a fuck her yet, so

1364
01:15:36,640 --> 01:15:38,760
Speaker 1: it's decided that they should move on to like the

1365
01:15:38,840 --> 01:15:42,320
Speaker 1: hardcore spells, which means bringing in the devil. Right, if

1366
01:15:42,320 --> 01:15:45,160
Speaker 1: you want to do the powerful magic, you're that you're

1367
01:15:45,160 --> 01:15:46,080
Speaker 1: going to have to talk.

1368
01:15:45,960 --> 01:15:48,400
Speaker 3: To the devil. No consideration that the magic didn't work.

1369
01:15:48,439 --> 01:15:50,519
Speaker 3: It's just that you didn't use effective enough magic. You

1370
01:15:50,560 --> 01:15:53,320
Speaker 3: didn't ever another the devil of course, right, Yeah. The

1371
01:15:53,360 --> 01:15:57,360
Speaker 3: nobility believes that no magic spell can be truly effect

1372
01:15:57,439 --> 01:16:00,640
Speaker 3: efficacious unless Satan is involved, and this leads to a

1373
01:16:00,680 --> 01:16:04,080
Speaker 3: separate cottage industry, one where you've got priests who want

1374
01:16:04,160 --> 01:16:08,240
Speaker 3: extra money, and so these these Catholic priests will conduct

1375
01:16:08,360 --> 01:16:13,080
Speaker 3: underground Satanic rites in order to like do magic.

1376
01:16:13,240 --> 01:16:18,479
Speaker 1: For these people. Yeah, this is a terrible house. This

1377
01:16:18,560 --> 01:16:23,800
Speaker 1: house has its underground black magic economy now and obviously

1378
01:16:24,000 --> 01:16:27,200
Speaker 1: other like in Paris, there's other parts of France where

1379
01:16:27,280 --> 01:16:31,400
Speaker 1: this kind of underground trade exists, but it largely comes

1380
01:16:31,400 --> 01:16:34,759
Speaker 1: to focus around these people in Versailles, koreeing for favor

1381
01:16:34,920 --> 01:16:39,680
Speaker 1: right now. Again, Nancy Midford is from a different generation,

1382
01:16:39,920 --> 01:16:43,639
Speaker 1: and she writes about all this magic more seriously as if,

1383
01:16:43,680 --> 01:16:49,360
Speaker 1: like as if these priests and these witches believe literally

1384
01:16:49,040 --> 01:16:53,040
Speaker 1: literally in everything that they're doing. My suspicion is that

1385
01:16:53,080 --> 01:16:56,040
Speaker 1: a lot of these service providers are like con men

1386
01:16:56,080 --> 01:16:59,800
Speaker 1: and women, right They know these black masses aren't really

1387
01:17:01,479 --> 01:17:05,559
Speaker 1: magic spells or whatever. They just also understand that if

1388
01:17:05,560 --> 01:17:08,759
Speaker 1: they can create this space of altered reality for their wealthy,

1389
01:17:08,800 --> 01:17:11,439
Speaker 1: out of touch clientele who live in a permanent party

1390
01:17:11,520 --> 01:17:14,320
Speaker 1: and don't understand the real world, then they can get

1391
01:17:14,320 --> 01:17:16,280
Speaker 1: a lot of money out of them, right right. I

1392
01:17:16,280 --> 01:17:18,559
Speaker 1: think it really is much more cynical. For I'm sure

1393
01:17:18,600 --> 01:17:20,599
Speaker 1: there's some people who really believe that they're.

1394
01:17:20,479 --> 01:17:22,679
Speaker 3: Talking to just that these people didn't have a connection

1395
01:17:22,760 --> 01:17:24,759
Speaker 3: to the devil, like yes, yes, yes.

1396
01:17:24,920 --> 01:17:28,520
Speaker 1: Unreasonable, but I you know they they know the nobility

1397
01:17:28,840 --> 01:17:30,759
Speaker 1: believes that. That's my interprets.

1398
01:17:30,760 --> 01:17:34,240
Speaker 3: And these people like sleep deprived, they think they living

1399
01:17:34,280 --> 01:17:40,280
Speaker 3: in the house, like they live in their minds, well

1400
01:17:40,400 --> 01:17:43,400
Speaker 3: already in a altered reality because they're living in this world. Well,

1401
01:17:43,439 --> 01:17:45,800
Speaker 3: like you can't pass or share, yes, you can't have

1402
01:17:46,000 --> 01:17:47,760
Speaker 3: like the wrong person can't hand the show. Of course

1403
01:17:47,760 --> 01:17:50,920
Speaker 3: they're open to magic. The lords don't exist.

1404
01:17:51,760 --> 01:17:54,160
Speaker 1: You've gotten it exactly right, which is that Versailles is

1405
01:17:54,200 --> 01:17:57,559
Speaker 1: a cult. And when once you get people into a cult,

1406
01:17:57,760 --> 01:18:00,559
Speaker 1: you you have altered their brain chemist in a way

1407
01:18:00,560 --> 01:18:03,320
Speaker 1: that makes them much more vulnerable to anyone selling this

1408
01:18:03,439 --> 01:18:07,200
Speaker 1: kind of bullshit. Right, and that's why this magic trade

1409
01:18:07,600 --> 01:18:11,000
Speaker 1: really perks up. And I'm going to read another quote

1410
01:18:11,240 --> 01:18:14,160
Speaker 1: from the Sun King. Madame Vossin knew a priest who

1411
01:18:14,240 --> 01:18:16,960
Speaker 1: was willing to help. He read the Gospel over Madame

1412
01:18:17,000 --> 01:18:20,200
Speaker 1: de Montespan's head. There was some nonsense with pigeon's hearts

1413
01:18:20,280 --> 01:18:23,320
Speaker 1: under a consecrated chalice, and she prayed, please let the

1414
01:18:23,400 --> 01:18:27,160
Speaker 1: king love me. Let Monseigneur le Dauphine that's the King's

1415
01:18:27,160 --> 01:18:29,760
Speaker 1: son and heir. Be my friend and made this love

1416
01:18:29,760 --> 01:18:33,479
Speaker 1: and this friendship last. Please make the queen sterile, Let

1417
01:18:33,520 --> 01:18:36,360
Speaker 1: the King leave La Valerie and never look at her again.

1418
01:18:36,479 --> 01:18:38,760
Speaker 1: Let the Queen be repudiated, and the king marry me.

1419
01:18:39,120 --> 01:18:43,000
Speaker 1: It was all rather harmless and undeniably successful. The King

1420
01:18:43,080 --> 01:18:45,080
Speaker 1: seemed to become aware of her for the first time.

1421
01:18:45,320 --> 01:18:48,960
Speaker 1: He went off to besiege Lilas in June of sixteen

1422
01:18:49,000 --> 01:18:51,600
Speaker 1: sixty seven, taking her in the capacity of lady and

1423
01:18:51,640 --> 01:18:55,200
Speaker 1: waiting to the Queen. Luis de Valerie was not invited.

1424
01:18:55,400 --> 01:18:57,880
Speaker 1: In despair, she followed the royal party and caught up

1425
01:18:57,880 --> 01:18:59,920
Speaker 1: with it as the camp was being pitched. When she

1426
01:19:00,120 --> 01:19:02,000
Speaker 1: came face to face with the king, he put on

1427
01:19:02,040 --> 01:19:05,120
Speaker 1: a terrifying matter and said, Madame, I don't like having

1428
01:19:05,200 --> 01:19:08,640
Speaker 1: my hand forced. She had to go away, deeply humiliated.

1429
01:19:09,040 --> 01:19:12,439
Speaker 1: During this campaign, Madame de Montespin became his mistress. Her

1430
01:19:12,479 --> 01:19:15,360
Speaker 1: sacrilegious prayers seemed well on the way to being answered.

1431
01:19:15,600 --> 01:19:20,160
Speaker 1: The King loved her now, m so it worked, you know, yeah,

1432
01:19:20,200 --> 01:19:20,639
Speaker 1: it's good.

1433
01:19:20,720 --> 01:19:21,880
Speaker 3: This whole system works.

1434
01:19:23,040 --> 01:19:26,320
Speaker 1: This whole system works great now. Unfortunately, all of this,

1435
01:19:26,320 --> 01:19:29,479
Speaker 1: this whole industry of like devil Spells is going to

1436
01:19:29,479 --> 01:19:32,240
Speaker 1: become a problem in part two, but we're gonna be

1437
01:19:32,240 --> 01:19:35,519
Speaker 1: talking about that on Thursday. Ed you want to plug

1438
01:19:35,560 --> 01:19:38,320
Speaker 1: anything after this super long episode.

1439
01:19:38,240 --> 01:19:41,400
Speaker 3: Go to Bitter offline dot com download the podcast, subscribe

1440
01:19:41,400 --> 01:19:44,120
Speaker 3: to the podcast, go back, download every single episode, or

1441
01:19:44,160 --> 01:19:46,320
Speaker 3: else or else.

1442
01:19:46,560 --> 01:19:52,479
Speaker 1: All right, everyone, we love you, dbye, some of us

1443
01:19:52,560 --> 01:19:52,840
Speaker 1: love you.

1444
01:19:56,200 --> 01:19:59,160
Speaker 4: Behind the Bastards is a production of cool Zone Media.

1445
01:19:59,240 --> 01:20:02,520
Speaker 4: For more from cool Zone Media, visit our website Coolzonemedia

1446
01:20:02,720 --> 01:20:05,920
Speaker 4: dot com, or check us out on the iHeartRadio app,

1447
01:20:06,000 --> 01:20:08,480
Speaker 4: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

1448
01:20:08,760 --> 01:20:12,160
Speaker 3: Behind the Bastards is now available on YouTube, new episodes

1449
01:20:12,439 --> 01:20:13,919
Speaker 3: every Wednesday and Friday.

1450
01:20:14,240 --> 01:20:18,000
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1451
01:20:18,000 --> 01:20:18,680
Speaker 4: the Bastards