1 00:00:04,440 --> 00:00:13,039 Speaker 1: Technology with tex Stuff from dot com. Hey there, and 2 00:00:13,080 --> 00:00:17,160 Speaker 1: welcome to tech Stuff. I'm your host Jonathan Strickland. I'm 3 00:00:17,160 --> 00:00:20,720 Speaker 1: a senior writer for how Stuff Works dot com and 4 00:00:20,760 --> 00:00:23,880 Speaker 1: today we're going to continue the story of the history 5 00:00:24,320 --> 00:00:28,920 Speaker 1: of the Macintosh computer. Now in our last episode, have 6 00:00:29,040 --> 00:00:31,840 Speaker 1: to do a little you know, roundup of what happened. 7 00:00:31,880 --> 00:00:36,519 Speaker 1: Previously on text Stuff, we covered how the mac was 8 00:00:36,640 --> 00:00:40,400 Speaker 1: born out of strife. It was not an easy birth, 9 00:00:40,640 --> 00:00:43,000 Speaker 1: as it turns out. There was a lot of argument 10 00:00:43,080 --> 00:00:46,080 Speaker 1: going on arguing, i should say, going on behind the scenes. 11 00:00:46,960 --> 00:00:49,640 Speaker 1: It started off as a low price computer. That was 12 00:00:49,680 --> 00:00:53,479 Speaker 1: the intent that was supposed to make personal computers more 13 00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:57,560 Speaker 1: accessible to the average person. And then Steve Jobs effectively 14 00:00:57,600 --> 00:01:01,240 Speaker 1: took over the project and changed it significantly. Rather than 15 00:01:01,640 --> 00:01:05,399 Speaker 1: having a cheap machine, it became an expensive alternative to 16 00:01:05,680 --> 00:01:10,000 Speaker 1: the IBM personal computer that had just debuted in the 17 00:01:10,040 --> 00:01:13,280 Speaker 1: early nineteen eighties. So the IBM personal computer came out 18 00:01:13,520 --> 00:01:17,039 Speaker 1: and actually posed a serious threat to Apple. Uh, the 19 00:01:17,080 --> 00:01:19,480 Speaker 1: Macintosh was supposed to be an answer to that. The 20 00:01:19,560 --> 00:01:25,120 Speaker 1: Apple two and Apple three lines were distinct, and more 21 00:01:25,160 --> 00:01:28,120 Speaker 1: about them in a little bit, but the Macintosh was 22 00:01:28,160 --> 00:01:31,640 Speaker 1: really supposed to redefine computing and to put Apple back 23 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:34,319 Speaker 1: on track to being ahead of the game, as it were. 24 00:01:35,880 --> 00:01:40,000 Speaker 1: But what actually happened next, Well, we ended right around 25 00:01:40,200 --> 00:01:44,039 Speaker 1: nineteen eighty five. Last time, nineteen eighty five. The Macintosh 26 00:01:44,120 --> 00:01:47,720 Speaker 1: computer debuted in nineteen eighty four, and Apple was trying 27 00:01:47,760 --> 00:01:49,600 Speaker 1: to rebound from a couple of big blows. Now. That 28 00:01:49,720 --> 00:01:52,200 Speaker 1: first one came in nineteen eighty one. That's when IBM 29 00:01:52,240 --> 00:01:54,920 Speaker 1: got involved in the personal computer market with its own PC. 30 00:01:55,640 --> 00:01:59,720 Speaker 1: Before long, IBM PC sales were outpacing Apple to sales. 31 00:01:59,760 --> 00:02:06,160 Speaker 1: And the second blow came ine that's when Apple launched Lisa. 32 00:02:06,800 --> 00:02:10,200 Speaker 1: Lisa was a high end computer. It was a project 33 00:02:10,200 --> 00:02:12,959 Speaker 1: that was being pushed primarily by Steve Jobs, one of 34 00:02:13,000 --> 00:02:15,880 Speaker 1: the co founders of Apple. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak 35 00:02:16,040 --> 00:02:21,559 Speaker 1: were the two Steve's who founded the company. But Lisa 36 00:02:21,840 --> 00:02:25,080 Speaker 1: was not a huge success. It had a graphic user 37 00:02:25,080 --> 00:02:29,240 Speaker 1: interface or gooey g u i uh, and it had 38 00:02:29,280 --> 00:02:32,320 Speaker 1: a mouse, which was very innovative for the time. The 39 00:02:32,400 --> 00:02:35,800 Speaker 1: only other company that really played with graphic user interfaces 40 00:02:35,840 --> 00:02:38,959 Speaker 1: and a computer mouse was Xerox, and they had only 41 00:02:39,000 --> 00:02:42,200 Speaker 1: done it internally. They didn't make this a product that 42 00:02:42,280 --> 00:02:46,080 Speaker 1: other other companies and consumers could go out and purchase 43 00:02:46,320 --> 00:02:50,880 Speaker 1: Apple decided to change that. However, Lisa had a really 44 00:02:50,960 --> 00:02:55,079 Speaker 1: hefty price tag. It was ten thousand dollars when it 45 00:02:55,120 --> 00:02:58,680 Speaker 1: went on sale, and it was meant for business applications. 46 00:02:58,680 --> 00:03:01,440 Speaker 1: But at that price, very few businesses we're willing to 47 00:03:01,520 --> 00:03:06,480 Speaker 1: take the plunge. Remember, those are three dollars. That's significant, 48 00:03:07,240 --> 00:03:10,560 Speaker 1: even more so than ten tho dollars is today. Ten 49 00:03:10,880 --> 00:03:13,000 Speaker 1: dollars is already a huge amount of money. If you 50 00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:16,960 Speaker 1: had just for inflation, you're talking around almost twenty dollars. 51 00:03:17,320 --> 00:03:22,040 Speaker 1: That's a lot. So the g U I also ate 52 00:03:22,120 --> 00:03:24,920 Speaker 1: up a lot of the computer's processing power. So not 53 00:03:24,960 --> 00:03:28,360 Speaker 1: only did it cost a lot, but the operating system 54 00:03:28,400 --> 00:03:31,680 Speaker 1: alone took up so much of the computer's processing power 55 00:03:31,760 --> 00:03:35,160 Speaker 1: that you couldn't run very many applications on top of it. 56 00:03:35,800 --> 00:03:40,800 Speaker 1: And that's not a great selling point, Like this is expensive, 57 00:03:40,920 --> 00:03:43,280 Speaker 1: but at least you can't run much software on it. 58 00:03:43,600 --> 00:03:45,960 Speaker 1: That doesn't make a really good tagline if you're trying 59 00:03:46,000 --> 00:03:47,920 Speaker 1: to sell a computer, just an f Y I in 60 00:03:47,960 --> 00:03:50,840 Speaker 1: case you ever want to make and sell computers in 61 00:03:50,880 --> 00:03:55,000 Speaker 1: the future. Then you also had very few developers who 62 00:03:55,040 --> 00:03:59,200 Speaker 1: are willing to put forth the effort to create programs 63 00:03:59,400 --> 00:04:02,800 Speaker 1: for a computer or that was so elite, so expensive 64 00:04:03,280 --> 00:04:06,360 Speaker 1: that it had a very small market. If you are 65 00:04:06,360 --> 00:04:09,120 Speaker 1: in the business of making software and you have a 66 00:04:09,160 --> 00:04:12,000 Speaker 1: limited amount of time and money on your hands, you 67 00:04:12,000 --> 00:04:15,400 Speaker 1: want to dedicate that time and money toward projects that 68 00:04:15,480 --> 00:04:18,040 Speaker 1: are likely to give you the biggest profit. And if 69 00:04:18,040 --> 00:04:20,680 Speaker 1: you're talking about you know, the types of organizations that 70 00:04:20,720 --> 00:04:24,360 Speaker 1: are willing to lay down ten grand per computer, that's 71 00:04:24,400 --> 00:04:27,839 Speaker 1: a very small market. So software developers were not eager 72 00:04:27,880 --> 00:04:32,560 Speaker 1: to jump on the bandwagon there. So Lisa was effectively 73 00:04:32,839 --> 00:04:36,120 Speaker 1: a flop. It was kind of doomed from the start. Now, 74 00:04:36,160 --> 00:04:38,560 Speaker 1: as I mentioned right at the beginning of this episode, 75 00:04:38,600 --> 00:04:42,520 Speaker 1: Steve Jobs effectively took over the Macintosh project. Now, this 76 00:04:42,600 --> 00:04:46,320 Speaker 1: was after the then CEO of Apple demanded that Steve 77 00:04:46,400 --> 00:04:52,200 Speaker 1: Jobs stop interfering with Lisa. Macintosh was a totally different project, 78 00:04:52,200 --> 00:04:54,640 Speaker 1: and Steve Jobs, once he was pulled off the Lisa 79 00:04:54,720 --> 00:04:58,719 Speaker 1: project and said you can't bother them anymore, looked around, 80 00:04:59,120 --> 00:05:02,719 Speaker 1: saw the Macintosh project, which was completely independent, and said 81 00:05:03,200 --> 00:05:06,040 Speaker 1: I'm gonna make that my pet project. And so he 82 00:05:06,080 --> 00:05:09,520 Speaker 1: began to involve himself with or in the words of 83 00:05:09,560 --> 00:05:14,159 Speaker 1: some of his UH contemporaries at the time interfere with 84 00:05:14,520 --> 00:05:18,800 Speaker 1: the Macintosh project, and as a result, Macintosh transformed from 85 00:05:18,800 --> 00:05:22,479 Speaker 1: a humble machine to an expensive consumer level device with 86 00:05:22,640 --> 00:05:26,080 Speaker 1: a gooey and a mouse. It didn't have a graphic 87 00:05:26,160 --> 00:05:29,840 Speaker 1: user interface before Steve Jobs got involved. It was initially 88 00:05:29,880 --> 00:05:34,040 Speaker 1: priced at two thousand four dollars, which is expensive just 89 00:05:34,160 --> 00:05:37,240 Speaker 1: for a basic computer today before you adjust for inflation. 90 00:05:37,680 --> 00:05:40,320 Speaker 1: If you do adjust for inflation, that's more like five thousand, 91 00:05:40,440 --> 00:05:43,600 Speaker 1: seven hundred bucks. That's a huge amount of money to 92 00:05:43,680 --> 00:05:46,400 Speaker 1: ask to pay for a PC. So if you wanted 93 00:05:46,400 --> 00:05:50,080 Speaker 1: a Macintosh when they first launched, you'd be plopping down 94 00:05:50,160 --> 00:05:54,040 Speaker 1: the equivalent of fifty seven hundred dollars in today's money. 95 00:05:54,720 --> 00:05:56,760 Speaker 1: And keep in mind that the original plan was that 96 00:05:56,839 --> 00:05:59,360 Speaker 1: this computer was supposed to cost five hundred dollars, which 97 00:05:59,400 --> 00:06:03,919 Speaker 1: would be closer to twelve bucks today, which is still expensive. Obviously, 98 00:06:03,960 --> 00:06:07,039 Speaker 1: if you wanted to pay for a brand new computer, 99 00:06:07,120 --> 00:06:11,039 Speaker 1: twar is closer to the top end of your of 100 00:06:11,120 --> 00:06:14,120 Speaker 1: your basic machines. I mean, obviously, you can trick out 101 00:06:14,160 --> 00:06:16,720 Speaker 1: a machine to be much more expensive than that if 102 00:06:16,720 --> 00:06:20,640 Speaker 1: you want top of the line processors, UH graphics cards, 103 00:06:21,040 --> 00:06:23,799 Speaker 1: cooling systems, all that sort of stuff. But if you're 104 00:06:23,839 --> 00:06:26,479 Speaker 1: just buying off the shelf, twelve hundred dollars is already 105 00:06:26,520 --> 00:06:29,880 Speaker 1: pretty expensive. It's not it's not the top end, but 106 00:06:29,960 --> 00:06:35,000 Speaker 1: it's healthy, right Anyway, that was the initial goal was 107 00:06:35,400 --> 00:06:39,600 Speaker 1: a five price point in four dollars, which would be 108 00:06:39,600 --> 00:06:43,080 Speaker 1: about twelve today, and it blew that out of the water. 109 00:06:43,920 --> 00:06:47,640 Speaker 1: I should point out, however, that this higher price tag 110 00:06:47,720 --> 00:06:50,560 Speaker 1: is not entirely the fault of Steve Jobs. I don't 111 00:06:50,600 --> 00:06:54,200 Speaker 1: want to give you that impression. It's true that Jobs 112 00:06:54,400 --> 00:06:57,560 Speaker 1: added a lot of features that necessitated a price hike. 113 00:06:57,960 --> 00:06:59,720 Speaker 1: No matter what, it was gonna cost more than five 114 00:07:00,120 --> 00:07:04,400 Speaker 1: dollars because of the changes Steed Jobs made. But as 115 00:07:04,520 --> 00:07:07,920 Speaker 1: for that price tag of two thousand four dollars, that 116 00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:11,440 Speaker 1: credit really needs to go to the then Apple CEO, 117 00:07:11,760 --> 00:07:16,760 Speaker 1: John's Scully. Scully reportedly decided that the initial price tag 118 00:07:16,800 --> 00:07:19,280 Speaker 1: for the mac which was originally going to be fift 119 00:07:19,560 --> 00:07:25,720 Speaker 1: hundred dollars, was too low. He actually said, fifteen hundred bucks. 120 00:07:25,760 --> 00:07:27,960 Speaker 1: That's that's not high enough for us to really see 121 00:07:28,000 --> 00:07:30,320 Speaker 1: a huge profit off that. So he knocked it up 122 00:07:30,360 --> 00:07:36,000 Speaker 1: to and that way the Macintosh would see a profit 123 00:07:36,080 --> 00:07:40,920 Speaker 1: margin of meaning you make over what you paid to 124 00:07:41,040 --> 00:07:44,960 Speaker 1: create the computer. He didn't want to have a slim 125 00:07:44,960 --> 00:07:48,200 Speaker 1: profit margin. However, of course, if you increase the price 126 00:07:48,240 --> 00:07:52,600 Speaker 1: of a machine dramatically, then you're going to decrease the 127 00:07:52,680 --> 00:07:54,720 Speaker 1: number of sales you make. So it's a very delicate 128 00:07:54,720 --> 00:07:58,000 Speaker 1: balance figuring out how much to price a product so 129 00:07:58,040 --> 00:08:00,880 Speaker 1: that you get the maximum amount of profit it from 130 00:08:00,960 --> 00:08:05,280 Speaker 1: your investment. And Scully decided to go pretty hard for 131 00:08:05,320 --> 00:08:09,720 Speaker 1: that investment with that profit margin. And this also began 132 00:08:09,800 --> 00:08:13,280 Speaker 1: Apple's long history of being a company associated with the 133 00:08:13,360 --> 00:08:16,560 Speaker 1: idea that it's hardware is overpriced. You've probably heard that 134 00:08:16,920 --> 00:08:19,720 Speaker 1: if you've ever taken any look into Apple products, that 135 00:08:19,800 --> 00:08:22,880 Speaker 1: you're paying a premium just for the Apple brand name 136 00:08:22,920 --> 00:08:26,480 Speaker 1: because the products are priced more than what they would 137 00:08:26,520 --> 00:08:29,560 Speaker 1: be priced by a competitor for an equivalent machine. That's 138 00:08:29,560 --> 00:08:32,200 Speaker 1: not always the case, by the way, but it happened 139 00:08:32,200 --> 00:08:36,640 Speaker 1: frequently enough in Apple's past that it became associated with 140 00:08:36,760 --> 00:08:40,559 Speaker 1: the company's identity. People thought of Apple as being an 141 00:08:40,559 --> 00:08:44,640 Speaker 1: elite company, that you were paying that extra price, and 142 00:08:44,760 --> 00:08:47,280 Speaker 1: that you could be saving money if you just went 143 00:08:47,400 --> 00:08:51,840 Speaker 1: with a different computer manufacturer, which in some some eras 144 00:08:52,040 --> 00:08:57,520 Speaker 1: was absolutely true, just not in all eras. Back in 145 00:08:57,559 --> 00:09:00,880 Speaker 1: those earliest days of Macintosh, It's certainly was the case 146 00:09:00,960 --> 00:09:04,720 Speaker 1: that is undeniable now. Initial reviews of the Macintosh actually 147 00:09:04,760 --> 00:09:07,760 Speaker 1: heaped a lot of praise on the computer. Consumer Reports 148 00:09:07,760 --> 00:09:13,400 Speaker 1: wrote an absolutely glowing review of the original Macintosh, saying 149 00:09:13,440 --> 00:09:17,920 Speaker 1: that the interface really transformed computing. The reviews stated that 150 00:09:17,960 --> 00:09:21,160 Speaker 1: the interface, including the windows that it would use the 151 00:09:21,200 --> 00:09:24,680 Speaker 1: mouse that you would use to navigate the gooey, were 152 00:09:24,679 --> 00:09:27,560 Speaker 1: more than just gimmicks, which you know, you could have 153 00:09:27,600 --> 00:09:29,880 Speaker 1: easily seen them as just being gimmicks. Everyone else was 154 00:09:30,000 --> 00:09:35,440 Speaker 1: used to using text based interfaces and keyboards, so this 155 00:09:35,600 --> 00:09:38,280 Speaker 1: wasn't a guaranteed success right all the gate. But Consumer 156 00:09:38,280 --> 00:09:42,120 Speaker 1: Reports said, no, they got it right. This actually makes sense. 157 00:09:43,000 --> 00:09:45,960 Speaker 1: They said that it actually transformed computing from a system 158 00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:49,839 Speaker 1: of Labyrinthian rules to something that the average person could 159 00:09:50,040 --> 00:09:54,840 Speaker 1: easily grasp. A Macintosh wasn't a cryptic machine that required 160 00:09:54,840 --> 00:09:58,120 Speaker 1: the user to learn dozens of command line terms, like 161 00:09:58,520 --> 00:10:01,800 Speaker 1: you know, various five old trees and ways to navigate 162 00:10:01,840 --> 00:10:04,360 Speaker 1: between different directories. You didn't have to do that because 163 00:10:04,400 --> 00:10:06,880 Speaker 1: it was all graphically presented for you and you just 164 00:10:07,280 --> 00:10:09,840 Speaker 1: click on whatever it was you needed. It was a 165 00:10:09,880 --> 00:10:12,640 Speaker 1: device that a novice could learn to navigate within like 166 00:10:12,760 --> 00:10:16,520 Speaker 1: half an hour of using it. There were some drawbacks, however. 167 00:10:16,760 --> 00:10:18,880 Speaker 1: That same consumer reports are You pointed out that the 168 00:10:18,880 --> 00:10:22,320 Speaker 1: operating system on the Macintosh took up an enormous amount 169 00:10:22,360 --> 00:10:25,920 Speaker 1: of the computer's processing power. The computer had enough memory 170 00:10:25,960 --> 00:10:29,200 Speaker 1: to store about eight and a half pages of text 171 00:10:29,880 --> 00:10:34,240 Speaker 1: after you factored in the operating system. That's text, not 172 00:10:34,440 --> 00:10:38,360 Speaker 1: images or video or audio. All of that stuff would 173 00:10:38,400 --> 00:10:41,000 Speaker 1: come later. Just eight and a half pages of text. 174 00:10:41,080 --> 00:10:44,840 Speaker 1: That's all the memory it could have after you ended 175 00:10:44,920 --> 00:10:47,800 Speaker 1: up booting up the operating system. This was one of 176 00:10:47,800 --> 00:10:50,800 Speaker 1: the reasons that I was a real snob about gooey 177 00:10:50,920 --> 00:10:54,400 Speaker 1: interfaces or gooey based computers. I hated the day that 178 00:10:54,520 --> 00:10:59,000 Speaker 1: my dad decided to install Windows on our IBM compatible machine, 179 00:10:59,480 --> 00:11:04,360 Speaker 1: which was similar in many ways to the mac operating system. Uh. 180 00:11:04,400 --> 00:11:06,400 Speaker 1: And the reason I was upset about it was because 181 00:11:06,440 --> 00:11:10,600 Speaker 1: the Windows operating system required so much of our computers 182 00:11:11,480 --> 00:11:15,200 Speaker 1: ability to process information that it limited the kind of 183 00:11:15,240 --> 00:11:18,080 Speaker 1: software we could run on it. If your software required 184 00:11:18,120 --> 00:11:21,600 Speaker 1: more than what the computer could supply, you ran into problems. 185 00:11:22,160 --> 00:11:25,280 Speaker 1: And I attributed a lot of that to the operating system. 186 00:11:25,320 --> 00:11:27,720 Speaker 1: I much preferred DOSS, which was so slimmed down by 187 00:11:27,760 --> 00:11:31,880 Speaker 1: comparison that you could run lots of different software on it. Well, 188 00:11:31,920 --> 00:11:35,040 Speaker 1: the same thing was true with the early mac operating system. 189 00:11:35,040 --> 00:11:38,400 Speaker 1: It just hogged up a lot of the initial Macintosh 190 00:11:38,600 --> 00:11:43,520 Speaker 1: is uh abilities. And to be fair, the original Macintosh 191 00:11:43,559 --> 00:11:47,560 Speaker 1: only had a kilobytes of memory, so it wasn't exactly 192 00:11:47,640 --> 00:11:54,360 Speaker 1: packing an enormous amount of memory into that package. More 193 00:11:54,360 --> 00:11:58,960 Speaker 1: and more software developers began to create programs that could 194 00:11:59,040 --> 00:12:01,960 Speaker 1: only run and E environments, which kind of forced the 195 00:12:02,040 --> 00:12:06,199 Speaker 1: issue to switch from the DOSS and other operating systems 196 00:12:06,240 --> 00:12:10,760 Speaker 1: that involved command lines to shift over to graphic user 197 00:12:10,800 --> 00:12:14,600 Speaker 1: interfaces because a lot of software ended up only being 198 00:12:14,640 --> 00:12:19,319 Speaker 1: compatible with graphic user interface systems, and that helped force 199 00:12:19,400 --> 00:12:22,320 Speaker 1: the issue. I still am bitter about that, even though 200 00:12:22,400 --> 00:12:24,840 Speaker 1: today I probably wouldn't be able to If you put 201 00:12:24,840 --> 00:12:27,360 Speaker 1: me in from an Apple to E or an early 202 00:12:27,480 --> 00:12:31,040 Speaker 1: IBM PC that was just running DOSS, I wouldn't remember 203 00:12:31,080 --> 00:12:34,080 Speaker 1: any of the commands besides d I R, which is 204 00:12:34,120 --> 00:12:39,079 Speaker 1: directory for DOSS, I I would be lost. But I 205 00:12:39,160 --> 00:12:42,640 Speaker 1: still a kind of bitter about all this. Now, I 206 00:12:43,080 --> 00:12:45,880 Speaker 1: also be fair, I'm an elitist computer nerd type. I'm 207 00:12:45,920 --> 00:12:48,760 Speaker 1: just an elitist computer nerd type who lacks the information 208 00:12:48,800 --> 00:12:51,959 Speaker 1: to be able to effectively be an elitist, which is 209 00:12:52,000 --> 00:12:55,440 Speaker 1: the saddest kind of nerd. Apple obviously you had really 210 00:12:55,520 --> 00:12:59,000 Speaker 1: high hopes for that original Macintosh, but they had also 211 00:12:59,080 --> 00:13:01,440 Speaker 1: had really high hopes for Lisa, and that didn't pan 212 00:13:01,520 --> 00:13:05,520 Speaker 1: out back in nineteen eighty one, which was back when 213 00:13:05,559 --> 00:13:08,079 Speaker 1: the Macintosh was still in development. It didn't debut till 214 00:13:08,120 --> 00:13:11,520 Speaker 1: nineteen eighty four. Keep in mind, in ninety nineteen eight one, 215 00:13:11,559 --> 00:13:14,560 Speaker 1: Apple had a plan, and their plan was that they 216 00:13:14,559 --> 00:13:19,840 Speaker 1: would sell two point two million Macintosh computers by nineteen 217 00:13:19,880 --> 00:13:23,040 Speaker 1: eighty five, by the end of nineteen eighty five, but 218 00:13:23,840 --> 00:13:27,079 Speaker 1: that plan was based upon a launch date that would 219 00:13:27,160 --> 00:13:31,080 Speaker 1: happen sometime in nineteen eighty two, because remember, back then 220 00:13:31,120 --> 00:13:34,440 Speaker 1: they were still looking at creating a cheap alternative to 221 00:13:34,960 --> 00:13:39,360 Speaker 1: the other computers like the Apple two and other competing 222 00:13:39,480 --> 00:13:43,000 Speaker 1: computers on the market, So they had high hopes that 223 00:13:43,040 --> 00:13:44,760 Speaker 1: they would be able to sell two point two million 224 00:13:44,840 --> 00:13:47,840 Speaker 1: units by nineteen eighty five. The computer wasn't even available 225 00:13:47,880 --> 00:13:50,439 Speaker 1: for purchase until nineteen eighty four, so that's set them 226 00:13:50,440 --> 00:13:54,040 Speaker 1: back and even if they had launched in nineteen eighty two, 227 00:13:54,080 --> 00:13:57,559 Speaker 1: they would have had to sell around fifty thousand computers 228 00:13:58,120 --> 00:14:00,559 Speaker 1: every month to hit that two point to a million 229 00:14:00,600 --> 00:14:05,760 Speaker 1: mark within the end of They did have an enormous start. 230 00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:10,720 Speaker 1: The Macintosh marketing department was great for the launch of 231 00:14:10,760 --> 00:14:13,719 Speaker 1: the computer, and they sold quite a bit when they 232 00:14:13,760 --> 00:14:16,240 Speaker 1: first went on the market because people were really excited 233 00:14:16,280 --> 00:14:20,520 Speaker 1: about it. But after that initial excitement, they weren't able 234 00:14:20,520 --> 00:14:24,600 Speaker 1: to capitalize on creating a momentum, and it died off 235 00:14:24,640 --> 00:14:28,280 Speaker 1: pretty quickly. The marketing kind of failed after that initial launch. 236 00:14:28,360 --> 00:14:32,200 Speaker 1: The Apple blew too much money early on and didn't 237 00:14:32,240 --> 00:14:37,160 Speaker 1: have enough to support it throughout its initial launch, so 238 00:14:37,880 --> 00:14:43,040 Speaker 1: after a successful couple of first months, sales dropped precipitously 239 00:14:43,160 --> 00:14:46,960 Speaker 1: down to like five thousand units a month, way below 240 00:14:47,040 --> 00:14:49,960 Speaker 1: the number they would need, So by the end of 241 00:14:50,720 --> 00:14:54,120 Speaker 1: five they had not sold two point two million units 242 00:14:54,160 --> 00:14:56,760 Speaker 1: as they had originally planned. It was more like two 243 00:14:57,000 --> 00:15:02,560 Speaker 1: d fifty thousand units, a huge shortfall. The Macintosh was 244 00:15:02,600 --> 00:15:06,200 Speaker 1: not quite a flop like Lisa, but it wasn't performing 245 00:15:06,240 --> 00:15:10,640 Speaker 1: as well in the market as Apple had hoped. Now 246 00:15:10,920 --> 00:15:13,680 Speaker 1: it was impressive, but it was suffering from a similar 247 00:15:13,720 --> 00:15:16,840 Speaker 1: issue as Lisa. It didn't have a lot of applications 248 00:15:16,880 --> 00:15:19,840 Speaker 1: available for it, and not as many as the competing 249 00:15:19,880 --> 00:15:25,200 Speaker 1: IBM PCs had. Apple's then CEO admitted as much later 250 00:15:25,240 --> 00:15:29,680 Speaker 1: on John Scully. He said, Yeah, we didn't do enough 251 00:15:29,720 --> 00:15:32,680 Speaker 1: to develop software to run this computer. So while the 252 00:15:32,720 --> 00:15:35,520 Speaker 1: computer was nice to look at, the graphic user interface 253 00:15:35,600 --> 00:15:38,680 Speaker 1: was interesting, there just wasn't a whole lot to do 254 00:15:38,880 --> 00:15:42,560 Speaker 1: with it. You didn't have things like spreadsheet programs. There 255 00:15:42,600 --> 00:15:47,240 Speaker 1: was a severe lack of utility with their computer. Really. 256 00:15:47,280 --> 00:15:50,840 Speaker 1: They only had two applications that Mac Wright, which was 257 00:15:50,880 --> 00:15:54,560 Speaker 1: a word processing program, and they had Mac Paint, which 258 00:15:54,600 --> 00:15:57,560 Speaker 1: was a simple graphics program. But that was about it. 259 00:15:57,640 --> 00:15:59,560 Speaker 1: They didn't have the other stuff you would associate with 260 00:15:59,560 --> 00:16:02,720 Speaker 1: other uters. So while it was user friendly, it didn't 261 00:16:02,760 --> 00:16:05,000 Speaker 1: have a lot of usability to it. Like there just 262 00:16:05,120 --> 00:16:09,200 Speaker 1: wasn't enough to do so that also hurt McIntosh sales. 263 00:16:10,560 --> 00:16:12,640 Speaker 1: Now you might also remember from our last episode, like 264 00:16:12,680 --> 00:16:14,880 Speaker 1: I said, the CEO of Apple at this time was 265 00:16:14,960 --> 00:16:19,000 Speaker 1: John Scully, whom Steve Jobs had lured away from PEPSI. 266 00:16:20,320 --> 00:16:22,960 Speaker 1: The story is that Scully was kind of in line 267 00:16:23,120 --> 00:16:25,640 Speaker 1: to become the chairman of the board over at Pepsi, 268 00:16:25,720 --> 00:16:28,920 Speaker 1: but it was on a much longer timeline than Scully wanted, 269 00:16:29,120 --> 00:16:32,280 Speaker 1: and that Steve Jobs was able to convince Scully to 270 00:16:32,320 --> 00:16:34,720 Speaker 1: come over by saying to him, do you want to 271 00:16:34,760 --> 00:16:37,120 Speaker 1: spend the rest of your life selling sugared water or 272 00:16:37,160 --> 00:16:40,640 Speaker 1: do you want a chance to change the world. Once 273 00:16:40,640 --> 00:16:45,160 Speaker 1: against Steve Jobs, master salesman, he could really have a 274 00:16:45,160 --> 00:16:48,480 Speaker 1: turn of phrase and get you to believe in him 275 00:16:49,200 --> 00:16:53,160 Speaker 1: even when the odds were stacked against him. Scully himself 276 00:16:53,160 --> 00:16:55,520 Speaker 1: would say that that phrase really convinced him to come 277 00:16:55,520 --> 00:16:57,920 Speaker 1: over to Apple, and he said so in a documentary, 278 00:16:57,960 --> 00:17:00,000 Speaker 1: so you can actually check this out. It's a document 279 00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:04,400 Speaker 1: are he titled Bloomberg Game Changers Steve Jobs. So it's 280 00:17:04,440 --> 00:17:07,600 Speaker 1: part of a series. It was a really effective sales pitch, 281 00:17:07,600 --> 00:17:10,800 Speaker 1: as it turns out, so Scullion Jobs initially worked really 282 00:17:10,800 --> 00:17:15,440 Speaker 1: well together leading up to the Macintosh launch. Scully's predecessor 283 00:17:15,560 --> 00:17:18,240 Speaker 1: was Mike Marcula, which in the last episode you might 284 00:17:18,240 --> 00:17:22,000 Speaker 1: remember was the guy who stepped in to remove Steve 285 00:17:22,080 --> 00:17:25,760 Speaker 1: Jobs from the Lisa project. Marcula was an early investor 286 00:17:26,040 --> 00:17:30,120 Speaker 1: in Apple and had transitioned from CEO to board members, 287 00:17:30,119 --> 00:17:35,040 Speaker 1: so he retired as CEO, he resigned um transitioning over 288 00:17:35,119 --> 00:17:37,520 Speaker 1: to the board. He had told his wife that he 289 00:17:37,560 --> 00:17:39,560 Speaker 1: wasn't going to stay on with Apple for very long, 290 00:17:39,640 --> 00:17:43,480 Speaker 1: although he stayed on much longer than he initially meant to. 291 00:17:43,880 --> 00:17:46,480 Speaker 1: He just stayed on in the capacity of member of 292 00:17:46,520 --> 00:17:51,400 Speaker 1: the board as opposed to the CEO, and then John 293 00:17:51,440 --> 00:17:54,800 Speaker 1: Scully took over the job as CEO. Now, John Scully 294 00:17:54,840 --> 00:17:59,960 Speaker 1: would serve as the CEO from about to about nineteen nine. 295 00:18:00,080 --> 00:18:05,399 Speaker 1: The three ish is really when we're looking at that 296 00:18:05,440 --> 00:18:10,920 Speaker 1: transition effectively ninety three. Scully initially got along well with jobs, 297 00:18:11,080 --> 00:18:13,760 Speaker 1: but when the Macintosh sales began to drop off, new 298 00:18:13,800 --> 00:18:18,320 Speaker 1: tensions developed between the CEO and Apple's co founder, and 299 00:18:18,440 --> 00:18:22,399 Speaker 1: that's not great when you have kind of clashing personalities 300 00:18:22,440 --> 00:18:27,200 Speaker 1: at the top level of your company. Now, John Scully 301 00:18:27,280 --> 00:18:31,280 Speaker 1: also has the dubious distinction of being on the America 302 00:18:31,359 --> 00:18:36,120 Speaker 1: The Worst American CEOs list curated by Conde Nast. He's 303 00:18:36,119 --> 00:18:40,280 Speaker 1: actually number fourteen on that list back when they published 304 00:18:40,280 --> 00:18:43,280 Speaker 1: it a few years ago. Now more on why John 305 00:18:43,359 --> 00:18:49,480 Speaker 1: Scully made that list as this episode progresses. Apple at 306 00:18:49,480 --> 00:18:52,200 Speaker 1: the time had not completely switched over to the Macintosh 307 00:18:52,320 --> 00:18:56,199 Speaker 1: line as its primary product. So you might think, oh, 308 00:18:56,359 --> 00:19:01,040 Speaker 1: it went Apple to to Apple three to Macintosh and 309 00:19:01,080 --> 00:19:04,560 Speaker 1: they discontinued the other computers, but that's not true. They 310 00:19:04,600 --> 00:19:09,600 Speaker 1: were actually producing different lines of computers simultaneously, and Apple's 311 00:19:09,720 --> 00:19:13,480 Speaker 1: structure was designed around this, where each product had its 312 00:19:13,520 --> 00:19:16,480 Speaker 1: own division, so it wasn't like you had one big 313 00:19:16,520 --> 00:19:21,159 Speaker 1: division of all these different products grouped together. You had 314 00:19:21,320 --> 00:19:23,760 Speaker 1: an Apple two division and Apple three division, and a 315 00:19:23,800 --> 00:19:27,080 Speaker 1: Macintosh division. You also had a Lisa division until they 316 00:19:27,119 --> 00:19:32,200 Speaker 1: discontinued that product, so the Apple two and Apple three 317 00:19:32,200 --> 00:19:35,959 Speaker 1: computers continued to be manufactured and sold by Apple, side 318 00:19:35,960 --> 00:19:40,439 Speaker 1: by side with Macintosh computers. The Apple three ended up 319 00:19:40,480 --> 00:19:43,800 Speaker 1: being a failure. It was a flop, very much like Lisa. 320 00:19:43,960 --> 00:19:46,840 Speaker 1: It just didn't do so well. It was meant to be, again, 321 00:19:46,920 --> 00:19:50,800 Speaker 1: a business level machine, not a personal computer, and it 322 00:19:50,880 --> 00:19:54,520 Speaker 1: was priced as such, and there just wasn't enough there 323 00:19:55,320 --> 00:19:58,679 Speaker 1: for businesses jump on board with it. There were cheaper 324 00:19:58,720 --> 00:20:02,200 Speaker 1: IBM com uters coming out, so that was more attractive 325 00:20:02,200 --> 00:20:06,000 Speaker 1: from an expense side of things, And like Lisa, there 326 00:20:06,040 --> 00:20:08,960 Speaker 1: weren't a lot of developers creating software for the Apple three, 327 00:20:09,200 --> 00:20:10,760 Speaker 1: so it didn't make a whole lot of sense to 328 00:20:10,840 --> 00:20:14,320 Speaker 1: invest in the Apple three platform if the IBM computer 329 00:20:14,359 --> 00:20:18,800 Speaker 1: platform cost less and had more development, so companies weren't 330 00:20:18,800 --> 00:20:21,480 Speaker 1: adopting the Apple three. But the Apple two continued to 331 00:20:21,520 --> 00:20:25,240 Speaker 1: hold its own, so it was still a big product 332 00:20:25,520 --> 00:20:31,320 Speaker 1: even as the Macintosh came online. Uh. The Apple two 333 00:20:32,400 --> 00:20:35,840 Speaker 1: SEE computer debuted in nineteen eighty four. That was the 334 00:20:35,880 --> 00:20:39,400 Speaker 1: same year that the Macintosh came out, so Apple too 335 00:20:39,480 --> 00:20:44,399 Speaker 1: c uh stood for well, a more advanced Apple two computer. Actually, 336 00:20:44,400 --> 00:20:47,480 Speaker 1: the letter system for Apple two computers is really confusing 337 00:20:48,040 --> 00:20:51,600 Speaker 1: because the Apple to E came out in nineteen eighty 338 00:20:51,720 --> 00:20:54,560 Speaker 1: three and then the Apple two C came out in 339 00:20:54,680 --> 00:20:59,200 Speaker 1: nineteen eighty four, so they weren't going in alphabetical order 340 00:20:59,440 --> 00:21:02,080 Speaker 1: and is a bit more than a bit confusing. But 341 00:21:02,119 --> 00:21:05,959 Speaker 1: the Apple to C was Apple's first compact model, so 342 00:21:06,000 --> 00:21:09,800 Speaker 1: the C kind of stood for compact. The computer's hardware 343 00:21:09,800 --> 00:21:12,920 Speaker 1: consisted of a case that had an incorporated keyboard and 344 00:21:12,960 --> 00:21:15,320 Speaker 1: a five and a quarter inch disk drive, and the 345 00:21:15,359 --> 00:21:18,760 Speaker 1: computer itself, which was separate from a monitor. It was 346 00:21:18,840 --> 00:21:21,760 Speaker 1: just the computer. You could slide that into a base 347 00:21:22,200 --> 00:21:24,760 Speaker 1: a stand essentially, and on top of the stand you 348 00:21:24,800 --> 00:21:27,600 Speaker 1: could put your monitor, So the computer were kind of 349 00:21:27,600 --> 00:21:30,480 Speaker 1: slot in underneath where the monitor was. The monitor would 350 00:21:30,520 --> 00:21:34,160 Speaker 1: not sit directly on top of the computer case itself. 351 00:21:35,400 --> 00:21:37,800 Speaker 1: Apple would continue to make computers in the two C 352 00:21:38,080 --> 00:21:44,720 Speaker 1: line until n so the Apple two continued to go 353 00:21:44,840 --> 00:21:48,800 Speaker 1: on sale to to hit store shelves while the Macintosh 354 00:21:48,840 --> 00:21:52,959 Speaker 1: continued to evolve, so these separate products remained side by 355 00:21:53,000 --> 00:21:57,160 Speaker 1: side for quite some time. Apple launched an enhanced version 356 00:21:57,240 --> 00:22:00,639 Speaker 1: of the Apple to E in Night five, so the 357 00:22:00,720 --> 00:22:03,440 Speaker 1: two E continued as well. It just got a bit 358 00:22:03,480 --> 00:22:06,639 Speaker 1: of a beefier version than the one that had launched 359 00:22:06,680 --> 00:22:09,719 Speaker 1: a couple of years earlier. It did not have a 360 00:22:09,720 --> 00:22:13,760 Speaker 1: graphic user interface like the Macintosh, and Apple would continue 361 00:22:13,920 --> 00:22:18,040 Speaker 1: to make these Apple to computers available for quite some time. 362 00:22:20,000 --> 00:22:23,440 Speaker 1: In fact, that advanced to E would continue to be 363 00:22:23,560 --> 00:22:28,119 Speaker 1: on sale until n so, extending pretty far. Like you 364 00:22:28,119 --> 00:22:30,639 Speaker 1: would think that by nine three you would have just 365 00:22:30,920 --> 00:22:33,520 Speaker 1: graphic user interface based computers, but you still had the 366 00:22:33,520 --> 00:22:37,000 Speaker 1: Apple to E Enhanced And maybe one day I'll do 367 00:22:37,320 --> 00:22:40,720 Speaker 1: an episode dedicated just to those Apple line computers to 368 00:22:40,760 --> 00:22:46,560 Speaker 1: talk about the process of their evolution compared to Macintosh. 369 00:22:47,080 --> 00:22:49,000 Speaker 1: But that's not really what this episode is about. I 370 00:22:49,040 --> 00:22:51,840 Speaker 1: just went into touch base and explained that was going 371 00:22:51,880 --> 00:22:54,480 Speaker 1: on at the same time as the development for the 372 00:22:54,560 --> 00:22:58,920 Speaker 1: mac Now, in January, Apple tried to make the best 373 00:22:58,960 --> 00:23:02,399 Speaker 1: of a bad situation and by launching the Macintosh XL. 374 00:23:03,520 --> 00:23:07,600 Speaker 1: Only here's the thing, this was not the next Macintosh computer. 375 00:23:07,760 --> 00:23:12,080 Speaker 1: It was actually a rebranding of a different computer, namely 376 00:23:12,280 --> 00:23:15,679 Speaker 1: the Lisa two. So remember the Lisa was a flop. 377 00:23:16,119 --> 00:23:19,119 Speaker 1: Then Apple decided to make a stripped down version of 378 00:23:19,119 --> 00:23:22,320 Speaker 1: the Lisa computer and sell it for a lower price 379 00:23:22,760 --> 00:23:28,440 Speaker 1: than that ten thousand dollar beast of a computer called Lisa. 380 00:23:29,040 --> 00:23:31,399 Speaker 1: Lisa too did not do well in sales either, so 381 00:23:31,440 --> 00:23:34,720 Speaker 1: then they rebranded it. They called it Macintosh XL because 382 00:23:34,720 --> 00:23:40,160 Speaker 1: the Macintosh was doing alright initially, but they weren't able 383 00:23:40,200 --> 00:23:42,560 Speaker 1: to move the Lisa two computers, so they rebranded it. 384 00:23:42,600 --> 00:23:46,560 Speaker 1: They called it the XCEL. But it still didn't do 385 00:23:46,680 --> 00:23:51,000 Speaker 1: so well, and by April they discontinued it. They stopped 386 00:23:51,119 --> 00:23:56,239 Speaker 1: making the Macintosh XL. They still had a ton in inventory, 387 00:23:56,240 --> 00:23:59,240 Speaker 1: but they weren't making more of them. They were able 388 00:23:59,280 --> 00:24:03,280 Speaker 1: to offload some of the Macintosh XL devices with some 389 00:24:03,359 --> 00:24:07,919 Speaker 1: big sales deals. So, for example, they sold five thousand 390 00:24:08,160 --> 00:24:11,600 Speaker 1: of the XL Macintosh is to a company called sun 391 00:24:11,640 --> 00:24:16,280 Speaker 1: remarketing back in nineteen eight seven. But ultimately a lot 392 00:24:16,320 --> 00:24:20,680 Speaker 1: of those units never left Apple warehouses. They just sat there. 393 00:24:21,119 --> 00:24:23,800 Speaker 1: And so in nineteen eighty nine they decided to take 394 00:24:23,840 --> 00:24:27,240 Speaker 1: a note from the video game crash of nineteen eighty three. 395 00:24:27,280 --> 00:24:30,120 Speaker 1: You might remember, Atari decided to get rid of a 396 00:24:30,119 --> 00:24:33,600 Speaker 1: lot of excess inventory by dumping them in landfills out 397 00:24:33,600 --> 00:24:36,240 Speaker 1: in the desert. Apple ended up doing the same thing, 398 00:24:36,280 --> 00:24:39,240 Speaker 1: only they dumped there's in the landfill in Utah instead 399 00:24:39,240 --> 00:24:42,320 Speaker 1: of in a different states. So they all of those 400 00:24:43,080 --> 00:24:47,000 Speaker 1: Macintosh XL computers ended up in a landfill in Utah. 401 00:24:47,240 --> 00:24:51,320 Speaker 1: So somewhere in a Utah landfill, if you dig down, 402 00:24:51,800 --> 00:24:55,320 Speaker 1: you would be able to find old Macintosh XL Lisa 403 00:24:55,359 --> 00:25:00,600 Speaker 1: two computers. But don't do. That will be a colacily 404 00:25:00,800 --> 00:25:04,239 Speaker 1: bad idea and you could very easily injure yourself if 405 00:25:04,280 --> 00:25:06,920 Speaker 1: you dug in the wrong landfield. Phil Plus you'd probably 406 00:25:06,920 --> 00:25:11,159 Speaker 1: be trespassing. So I'm officially telling you do not go 407 00:25:11,359 --> 00:25:15,040 Speaker 1: searching for the Macintosh x L because even if you 408 00:25:15,160 --> 00:25:17,720 Speaker 1: found one, it wouldn't work. At this point. It's been 409 00:25:17,760 --> 00:25:23,360 Speaker 1: exposed to elements since nine nine, So you don't want one. 410 00:25:24,280 --> 00:25:27,120 Speaker 1: Don't do it. If I hear about you doing it, 411 00:25:27,160 --> 00:25:30,040 Speaker 1: I'll be very put out. I've got a lot more 412 00:25:30,040 --> 00:25:33,560 Speaker 1: to say about the history of the Macintosh from nineteen 413 00:25:33,640 --> 00:25:37,240 Speaker 1: eighty four to nine, but before I get into the 414 00:25:37,280 --> 00:25:40,720 Speaker 1: next segment, let's take a quick break to thank our sponsor. 415 00:25:47,720 --> 00:25:50,960 Speaker 1: All right. So, a few months after the initial Macintosh 416 00:25:51,040 --> 00:25:54,679 Speaker 1: hit store shelves, Apple released an update called the Mac 417 00:25:54,720 --> 00:25:59,800 Speaker 1: five twelve, also known as the Fat Mac. This Macintosh 418 00:25:59,840 --> 00:26:02,320 Speaker 1: had five twelve kilobytes of memory, That's why it was 419 00:26:02,359 --> 00:26:06,119 Speaker 1: called that, so significantly more memory than the initial Macintosh, 420 00:26:06,160 --> 00:26:09,600 Speaker 1: which remember, only had a hundred twenty eight kilobytes. That 421 00:26:09,640 --> 00:26:12,879 Speaker 1: additional memory made it easier to develop programs for the 422 00:26:12,920 --> 00:26:16,960 Speaker 1: Macintosh because the operating system no longer hogged nearly all 423 00:26:17,000 --> 00:26:21,840 Speaker 1: of the system's memory. But that extra memory came at 424 00:26:21,880 --> 00:26:25,600 Speaker 1: a cost. The fat max price tag was three thousand, 425 00:26:25,880 --> 00:26:30,800 Speaker 1: three hundred dollars in nineteen five. That's equivalent to nearly 426 00:26:30,960 --> 00:26:36,800 Speaker 1: eight thousand dollars today. It's uh incredibly expensive. Still, the 427 00:26:36,840 --> 00:26:39,520 Speaker 1: Fat Mac had a big advantage. It could actually do 428 00:26:39,760 --> 00:26:44,040 Speaker 1: stuff pretty big when you compare it to the original Mac, 429 00:26:44,440 --> 00:26:48,399 Speaker 1: and some software and one additional piece of hardware really 430 00:26:48,440 --> 00:26:52,720 Speaker 1: helped increase the value of the Macintosh line. So on 431 00:26:52,760 --> 00:26:56,639 Speaker 1: the software side you had stuff like Aldus page Maker 432 00:26:56,920 --> 00:27:00,800 Speaker 1: and eventually became Adobe page Maker. It helped usher in 433 00:27:00,840 --> 00:27:03,479 Speaker 1: a new era of computing. This was the era of 434 00:27:03,560 --> 00:27:07,280 Speaker 1: desktop publishing. That was not a thing really before the 435 00:27:07,359 --> 00:27:12,480 Speaker 1: Macintosh and eldest PageMaker made it a thing. So PageMaker, 436 00:27:13,000 --> 00:27:15,520 Speaker 1: if you've never used it, it's sort of a layout 437 00:27:15,560 --> 00:27:19,680 Speaker 1: program and allows you to lay out a an attractive 438 00:27:19,880 --> 00:27:25,040 Speaker 1: aesthetic design to stuff like newsletters, flyers, that kind of thing. 439 00:27:25,080 --> 00:27:27,120 Speaker 1: A program if you want to make a program for 440 00:27:27,760 --> 00:27:31,640 Speaker 1: a play or some other event, you could use PageMaker 441 00:27:31,720 --> 00:27:35,800 Speaker 1: to size everything and uh and position it properly so 442 00:27:35,840 --> 00:27:39,399 Speaker 1: that you had an attractive layout. And that meant that 443 00:27:39,440 --> 00:27:42,560 Speaker 1: you could suddenly do this at home, whether if you 444 00:27:42,600 --> 00:27:45,040 Speaker 1: had the right equipment or with a small business. You 445 00:27:45,040 --> 00:27:47,399 Speaker 1: could do it there. You didn't have to go to 446 00:27:47,640 --> 00:27:52,160 Speaker 1: a larger publishing house and contract with them to make 447 00:27:52,200 --> 00:27:55,000 Speaker 1: your stuff. This was revolutionary. It was one of the 448 00:27:55,040 --> 00:27:59,919 Speaker 1: reasons why computers, personal computers and small computers that bus 449 00:28:00,080 --> 00:28:03,200 Speaker 1: this is used. We're so popular and men that they 450 00:28:03,240 --> 00:28:08,439 Speaker 1: gave these entities, whether they were individuals or small businesses, 451 00:28:09,119 --> 00:28:15,080 Speaker 1: greater opportunities. Uh, so that was very popular. But there 452 00:28:15,160 --> 00:28:18,680 Speaker 1: was also some other software that was helping out in 453 00:28:19,720 --> 00:28:24,360 Speaker 1: Microsoft began to publish software for the Macintosh. So Microsoft 454 00:28:24,440 --> 00:28:28,240 Speaker 1: and Apple haven't always had a contentious relationship. In fact, 455 00:28:28,880 --> 00:28:34,080 Speaker 1: Microsoft has often in Apple's past helped the other company 456 00:28:34,119 --> 00:28:38,640 Speaker 1: out with loans or with investments. Uh, it hasn't always 457 00:28:38,640 --> 00:28:41,520 Speaker 1: been a I hate you, No, I hate you more 458 00:28:41,960 --> 00:28:46,240 Speaker 1: kind of relationship. One of the earliest programs Microsoft made 459 00:28:46,240 --> 00:28:49,880 Speaker 1: available for the Macintosh was Word one point oh, which 460 00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:53,000 Speaker 1: was the first real competitor to Apple's own Mac Write 461 00:28:53,040 --> 00:28:57,480 Speaker 1: software and eventually overtook Mac Write. People began to prefer 462 00:28:57,560 --> 00:29:00,920 Speaker 1: Word one point oh, and it's later very visians to 463 00:29:01,040 --> 00:29:05,640 Speaker 1: the mac right word processing program. Another program that came 464 00:29:05,760 --> 00:29:09,880 Speaker 1: over to mac was the Excel one point oh software, 465 00:29:10,040 --> 00:29:13,800 Speaker 1: the spreadsheet program. In fact, it came to the Macintosh first. 466 00:29:13,800 --> 00:29:17,040 Speaker 1: It was a Macintosh exclusive for a while. Uh in 467 00:29:17,080 --> 00:29:19,680 Speaker 1: the early days. That was just the case because it 468 00:29:19,680 --> 00:29:24,600 Speaker 1: wouldn't even come to Windows until late nine. So Apple 469 00:29:24,760 --> 00:29:27,880 Speaker 1: had a headstart on Windows when it came to Excel. 470 00:29:28,800 --> 00:29:30,560 Speaker 1: But there's a whole story that I've talked about in 471 00:29:30,560 --> 00:29:33,760 Speaker 1: a previous episode about why that is so I'm not 472 00:29:33,760 --> 00:29:36,640 Speaker 1: going to go into it. Here on the hardware side 473 00:29:37,200 --> 00:29:41,280 Speaker 1: was a device called the laser writer. This was a printer, 474 00:29:42,440 --> 00:29:47,000 Speaker 1: a monstrous lee heavy printer. It weighed seventy seven pounds 475 00:29:47,040 --> 00:29:50,680 Speaker 1: that's about thirty five ms, and it had a three 476 00:29:50,760 --> 00:29:55,080 Speaker 1: hundred dots per inch resolution, pretty standard for printers of 477 00:29:55,120 --> 00:29:59,520 Speaker 1: the day. And it cost a hefty amount seven thousand 478 00:30:00,000 --> 00:30:03,760 Speaker 1: dollars and let's adjust for inflation because I like to 479 00:30:03,800 --> 00:30:08,080 Speaker 1: do that, that's about sixteen grand in today's dollars. Sixteen 480 00:30:08,160 --> 00:30:13,120 Speaker 1: thousand dollars for a printer. But you could network multiple 481 00:30:13,200 --> 00:30:17,200 Speaker 1: Macintosh computers to this one printer, so that increased its value. 482 00:30:17,320 --> 00:30:19,520 Speaker 1: You didn't have to buy a printer for every computer. 483 00:30:19,840 --> 00:30:23,280 Speaker 1: If you had several computer workstations at your office, you 484 00:30:23,280 --> 00:30:26,760 Speaker 1: can network them together to this printer and they could 485 00:30:26,760 --> 00:30:29,240 Speaker 1: all print from the same printer. That was a pretty 486 00:30:29,720 --> 00:30:33,400 Speaker 1: big deal, very novel concept when it came to this 487 00:30:33,520 --> 00:30:36,760 Speaker 1: level of computer enterprise. Normally, you'd be paying a lot 488 00:30:36,800 --> 00:30:41,160 Speaker 1: more money for a networked system that was created pretty 489 00:30:41,240 --> 00:30:44,920 Speaker 1: much by contract for your company. So it meant that 490 00:30:44,960 --> 00:30:49,560 Speaker 1: Apple could actually compete in that space. And uh they 491 00:30:49,560 --> 00:30:53,280 Speaker 1: could also print in different fonts. The earliest laser writer 492 00:30:53,400 --> 00:30:56,240 Speaker 1: only a few different fonts, but that was still a 493 00:30:56,320 --> 00:30:59,920 Speaker 1: huge advantage over older printers, remember like Daisy wheel printer. 494 00:31:00,320 --> 00:31:03,400 Speaker 1: Actually you may not remember Daisy will printers. I do 495 00:31:03,480 --> 00:31:06,640 Speaker 1: because I grew up with them. Those had a physical 496 00:31:06,720 --> 00:31:10,040 Speaker 1: font on the device itself, so you couldn't really change it, 497 00:31:10,720 --> 00:31:15,240 Speaker 1: but the laser writer could reproduce a few different fonts, 498 00:31:15,320 --> 00:31:17,800 Speaker 1: giving you some options. And later versions of the laser 499 00:31:17,880 --> 00:31:21,800 Speaker 1: writer and later versions of the operating system and the 500 00:31:21,840 --> 00:31:26,440 Speaker 1: accompanying software would allow even more fonts. So that made 501 00:31:26,480 --> 00:31:29,880 Speaker 1: desktop publishing even more attractive. So this, this combination of 502 00:31:29,920 --> 00:31:33,880 Speaker 1: software and hardware suddenly made the Macintosh a more attractive 503 00:31:34,680 --> 00:31:37,840 Speaker 1: device if you wanted to go into publishing. And this 504 00:31:37,920 --> 00:31:44,360 Speaker 1: really begins the relationship Apple has with creators, people who 505 00:31:44,360 --> 00:31:51,200 Speaker 1: are into graphics eventually into film and audio. Apple kind 506 00:31:51,200 --> 00:31:55,640 Speaker 1: of established that relationship with people at this stage, this 507 00:31:55,800 --> 00:31:59,840 Speaker 1: early stage with the fat Mac. It meant that you 508 00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:05,600 Speaker 1: were catering to people who didn't really feel comfortable with 509 00:32:05,760 --> 00:32:09,760 Speaker 1: the IBM compatible approach to computing. They found it more 510 00:32:09,800 --> 00:32:13,480 Speaker 1: intuitive to go to the Mac system and that would 511 00:32:13,520 --> 00:32:17,520 Speaker 1: remain true for decades. In fact, for a long long time, 512 00:32:18,160 --> 00:32:22,800 Speaker 1: Apple dominated when it came to production, particularly video and 513 00:32:22,840 --> 00:32:26,720 Speaker 1: audio production. Here at How Stuff Works, our video department 514 00:32:26,800 --> 00:32:32,560 Speaker 1: works almost exclusively on Macintosh computers. So, even though I 515 00:32:32,600 --> 00:32:35,800 Speaker 1: would argue PCs have caught up in a large part 516 00:32:35,920 --> 00:32:38,160 Speaker 1: and software for the PCs have caught up in a 517 00:32:38,240 --> 00:32:43,360 Speaker 1: large part, two, Apple's dominant place in that market, there's 518 00:32:43,360 --> 00:32:47,479 Speaker 1: still people who prefer the Apple approach, and to be honest, 519 00:32:47,480 --> 00:32:51,000 Speaker 1: depending upon what format you're working in, Apple still doesn't 520 00:32:51,040 --> 00:32:56,320 Speaker 1: better than PCs do. All of that began way back 521 00:32:56,320 --> 00:33:00,280 Speaker 1: in with the Fat Mac and the launch of the 522 00:33:00,360 --> 00:33:03,640 Speaker 1: Laser Writer and the launch of these software programs I've 523 00:33:03,640 --> 00:33:08,040 Speaker 1: been talking about on the corporate side. Five was when 524 00:33:08,080 --> 00:33:11,360 Speaker 1: Apple said goodbye to the co founders, but under very 525 00:33:11,400 --> 00:33:16,600 Speaker 1: different circumstances. Steve Wozniak, who had mostly been away from 526 00:33:16,640 --> 00:33:20,600 Speaker 1: Apple ever since he had suffered injuries in an airplane 527 00:33:20,640 --> 00:33:24,280 Speaker 1: crash and had been working hard to recover from them. 528 00:33:24,360 --> 00:33:28,200 Speaker 1: He left on his own accord in February night five, 529 00:33:28,240 --> 00:33:30,560 Speaker 1: and he went back to college. Eventually he went into 530 00:33:30,600 --> 00:33:33,800 Speaker 1: teaching and then began to do other stuff as well. 531 00:33:34,800 --> 00:33:37,520 Speaker 1: Steve Jobs, however, didn't really have a choice in the matter, 532 00:33:37,760 --> 00:33:41,040 Speaker 1: not really when you get down to it. After numerous 533 00:33:41,120 --> 00:33:46,680 Speaker 1: teams reported being incredibly frustrated with Steve jobs managerial style. 534 00:33:48,760 --> 00:33:53,880 Speaker 1: The executives of the company, primarily CEO John Scully, decided 535 00:33:53,920 --> 00:33:57,040 Speaker 1: to effectively strip Steve Jobs of all of his power. 536 00:33:57,760 --> 00:34:00,719 Speaker 1: They removed him from all the projects. They put him 537 00:34:00,760 --> 00:34:04,800 Speaker 1: in an office in a building that was mostly deserted. Uh. 538 00:34:04,800 --> 00:34:08,600 Speaker 1: Steve Jobs himself referred to it as Siberia. And of 539 00:34:08,640 --> 00:34:12,280 Speaker 1: course Steve Jobs is not one known for making melodramatic 540 00:34:12,320 --> 00:34:15,040 Speaker 1: statements like that, so you know it had to be awful. 541 00:34:16,000 --> 00:34:18,080 Speaker 1: But the point being the Steve Jobs had really very 542 00:34:18,080 --> 00:34:21,240 Speaker 1: little to do with the company that he had helped create. 543 00:34:21,800 --> 00:34:24,880 Speaker 1: He had been pulled away from it and removed more 544 00:34:24,960 --> 00:34:28,839 Speaker 1: or less from power. Not everyone was upset about that 545 00:34:28,880 --> 00:34:31,760 Speaker 1: because so many people had had issues with his management style, 546 00:34:32,480 --> 00:34:36,880 Speaker 1: but it still was a difficult story, right to say, 547 00:34:37,200 --> 00:34:41,440 Speaker 1: we've decided this founder of our company shouldn't be involved 548 00:34:41,440 --> 00:34:46,600 Speaker 1: in any of the company's projects, but was still effectively 549 00:34:46,680 --> 00:34:49,040 Speaker 1: an employee of the company. He was still drawing a 550 00:34:49,080 --> 00:34:52,000 Speaker 1: salary at that point, but Jobs decided he didn't want 551 00:34:52,040 --> 00:34:55,480 Speaker 1: to just sit at a desk in an empty building 552 00:34:56,080 --> 00:34:59,440 Speaker 1: and pull a salary from a company. He wanted to 553 00:34:59,440 --> 00:35:03,960 Speaker 1: see if he could perhaps regain control of Apple, and 554 00:35:04,040 --> 00:35:06,080 Speaker 1: so he went to some of the executives at Apple 555 00:35:06,120 --> 00:35:07,680 Speaker 1: to see if any of them would support him and 556 00:35:07,719 --> 00:35:10,560 Speaker 1: what would effectively be a coup to go to the 557 00:35:10,600 --> 00:35:13,640 Speaker 1: board of directors demand that John Scully be removed as 558 00:35:13,719 --> 00:35:18,560 Speaker 1: CEO and perhaps Steve Jobs would take his place. But 559 00:35:18,680 --> 00:35:21,880 Speaker 1: one of the executives he went to felt very strongly 560 00:35:22,080 --> 00:35:26,000 Speaker 1: that this was the bad decision. That person was Jean 561 00:35:26,120 --> 00:35:31,000 Speaker 1: Louise guess guess A. Now Jean Louise guess Ay was 562 00:35:31,280 --> 00:35:34,279 Speaker 1: someone who had risen up in the Apple ranks. He 563 00:35:34,320 --> 00:35:38,000 Speaker 1: was a manager in their in their various product division lines, 564 00:35:38,640 --> 00:35:41,360 Speaker 1: and he did not like Jobs. Jobs and guess A 565 00:35:41,520 --> 00:35:45,880 Speaker 1: did not get along. So guess A ended up going 566 00:35:45,920 --> 00:35:50,240 Speaker 1: over to John Scully and tattletaled on Steve Jobs. Essentially 567 00:35:50,239 --> 00:35:53,560 Speaker 1: told John Scully, who was off on a business trip, Hey, 568 00:35:53,719 --> 00:35:57,520 Speaker 1: you should know this. Steve is going around stirring up 569 00:35:57,520 --> 00:36:00,759 Speaker 1: trouble and he wants to try and go to the 570 00:36:00,760 --> 00:36:04,000 Speaker 1: Board of directors and go over your head and replace you. 571 00:36:05,000 --> 00:36:08,720 Speaker 1: John Scully rushed back to Apple. He called a meeting 572 00:36:08,880 --> 00:36:11,880 Speaker 1: of the board of directors. He was furious with Steve 573 00:36:12,000 --> 00:36:16,160 Speaker 1: Jobs for what he saw as an act of disloyalty 574 00:36:16,200 --> 00:36:21,359 Speaker 1: and dishonesty, and so they had it out in front 575 00:36:21,400 --> 00:36:24,120 Speaker 1: of the Board of Directors. It was, by all accounts 576 00:36:24,120 --> 00:36:29,880 Speaker 1: and ugly confrontation, and ultimately John Scully was asking the 577 00:36:29,880 --> 00:36:32,560 Speaker 1: Board of Directors for essentially a vote of confidence and 578 00:36:32,640 --> 00:36:35,000 Speaker 1: to say, you know, who would they go with? Would 579 00:36:35,000 --> 00:36:40,440 Speaker 1: they side with Jobs or would they side with Scully um? 580 00:36:40,520 --> 00:36:47,080 Speaker 1: And then the board cided unanimously with John Scully. Every 581 00:36:47,120 --> 00:36:50,640 Speaker 1: member of the board, including the people I've already mentioned 582 00:36:50,640 --> 00:36:54,600 Speaker 1: in this episode, we're on John Scully's side, and they 583 00:36:54,800 --> 00:37:00,600 Speaker 1: effectively pushed the Jobs out of his company. Uh. Obviously, 584 00:37:00,680 --> 00:37:03,839 Speaker 1: the story was Steve Jobs and Apple doesn't end here. 585 00:37:04,960 --> 00:37:10,280 Speaker 1: In will actually revisit Steve Jobs later on this episode, 586 00:37:10,480 --> 00:37:13,520 Speaker 1: but we've also covered this story in other episodes of 587 00:37:13,560 --> 00:37:16,200 Speaker 1: Tech Stuff. So if you want to hear a really 588 00:37:16,320 --> 00:37:19,440 Speaker 1: deep discussion about what Steve Jobs did in his years 589 00:37:19,520 --> 00:37:22,320 Speaker 1: away from Apple, there are a couple of different places 590 00:37:22,360 --> 00:37:24,200 Speaker 1: you can check out, or a couple different episodes you 591 00:37:24,200 --> 00:37:27,200 Speaker 1: can check out. There's a two parter called How Bill 592 00:37:27,280 --> 00:37:31,000 Speaker 1: Gates and Steve Jobs Work. They published in two thousand eight, 593 00:37:31,320 --> 00:37:34,239 Speaker 1: so they were very early episodes of Tech Stuff. We 594 00:37:34,320 --> 00:37:37,360 Speaker 1: launched tech Stuff in two thousand eight, So Chris Poulette 595 00:37:37,360 --> 00:37:39,520 Speaker 1: and I talked about Bill Gates and Steve Jobs, who 596 00:37:39,600 --> 00:37:42,200 Speaker 1: had a lot of not just similarities, but a lot 597 00:37:42,200 --> 00:37:45,400 Speaker 1: of They worked a lot together in those early days 598 00:37:45,400 --> 00:37:48,600 Speaker 1: of Apple and Microsoft. So you can check out that 599 00:37:48,640 --> 00:37:51,960 Speaker 1: two parter. And there's also a very sad episode titled 600 00:37:52,040 --> 00:37:55,480 Speaker 1: One More Thing and that published in two thousand eleven, 601 00:37:55,560 --> 00:37:59,480 Speaker 1: shortly after Steve Jobs passed away. And in those episodes, 602 00:37:59,640 --> 00:38:01,759 Speaker 1: I really he talked about what Steve Jobs did in 603 00:38:01,800 --> 00:38:04,239 Speaker 1: his ears away from Apple. So I'm not going to 604 00:38:04,320 --> 00:38:07,760 Speaker 1: cover it here, but we will revisit Steve Jobs because 605 00:38:07,800 --> 00:38:11,000 Speaker 1: he does factor back into Apple's history a bit later on. 606 00:38:11,840 --> 00:38:13,880 Speaker 1: If you want to know more, check out those episodes 607 00:38:13,920 --> 00:38:19,040 Speaker 1: I just mentioned. Now, Jobs would end up publishing letters 608 00:38:19,040 --> 00:38:23,200 Speaker 1: of resignation. He sent letters of resignation to the press 609 00:38:23,320 --> 00:38:25,880 Speaker 1: after he had effectively been forced out of his own company. 610 00:38:26,760 --> 00:38:29,960 Speaker 1: So it's more like you can't fire me, I quit 611 00:38:30,280 --> 00:38:33,600 Speaker 1: sort of thing. Uh. Presumably he did this in order 612 00:38:33,640 --> 00:38:35,799 Speaker 1: to get the media on his side, but it did 613 00:38:35,840 --> 00:38:39,840 Speaker 1: not have the effect that he was hoping for. In fact, 614 00:38:40,320 --> 00:38:45,000 Speaker 1: Apple stocks rallied as a result of Steve Jobs being 615 00:38:45,040 --> 00:38:49,080 Speaker 1: pushed aside and sending out these resignation letters. Effectively, the 616 00:38:49,120 --> 00:38:52,440 Speaker 1: market was saying, who we're sure, are glad you got 617 00:38:52,520 --> 00:38:56,000 Speaker 1: rid of that guy. Uh. Not a great message to receive. 618 00:38:56,200 --> 00:38:58,680 Speaker 1: Not a that's big blow to the ego, I'm sure. 619 00:38:59,320 --> 00:39:05,799 Speaker 1: But it gave Scully more confidence in his decisions, which 620 00:39:05,840 --> 00:39:08,319 Speaker 1: would emerge in physical form with the evolution of the 621 00:39:08,360 --> 00:39:13,439 Speaker 1: Macintosh line. Now. One of the CEO's first acts once 622 00:39:13,480 --> 00:39:16,560 Speaker 1: he had been confirmed as being the head of Apple, 623 00:39:17,239 --> 00:39:20,560 Speaker 1: was to lead a massive reorganization at the company, and 624 00:39:20,600 --> 00:39:23,840 Speaker 1: a lot of people say it was long overdue. So again, 625 00:39:23,920 --> 00:39:26,880 Speaker 1: up to that point, Apple's org charts were based based 626 00:39:26,880 --> 00:39:29,680 Speaker 1: on products. If you worked in the Apple two line, 627 00:39:29,719 --> 00:39:31,239 Speaker 1: you were in one division. If you worked on the 628 00:39:31,239 --> 00:39:33,160 Speaker 1: Apple three line, you were in another division. If you 629 00:39:33,200 --> 00:39:35,840 Speaker 1: worked on the Macintosh you were in yet another division, 630 00:39:35,920 --> 00:39:39,640 Speaker 1: and so on and so forth. Each department was separate 631 00:39:39,680 --> 00:39:42,120 Speaker 1: from all the others. And John Scully said, this doesn't 632 00:39:42,120 --> 00:39:44,920 Speaker 1: make any sense. What we should do is have a 633 00:39:44,960 --> 00:39:49,120 Speaker 1: big product development department, and everyone who works on various 634 00:39:49,120 --> 00:39:54,520 Speaker 1: products will be inside this structured department with a manager 635 00:39:54,719 --> 00:40:00,719 Speaker 1: overseeing that product, our product development overall, so everyone would 636 00:40:00,760 --> 00:40:03,480 Speaker 1: have a single boss they would report to, who in 637 00:40:03,560 --> 00:40:07,080 Speaker 1: turn would report to John Scully as CEO. Then you 638 00:40:07,120 --> 00:40:10,040 Speaker 1: would also have a department just for sales, you would 639 00:40:10,040 --> 00:40:12,479 Speaker 1: have a department just for marketing, and these departments would 640 00:40:12,480 --> 00:40:17,080 Speaker 1: work together, but they wouldn't be dependent upon individual products. 641 00:40:17,120 --> 00:40:23,200 Speaker 1: It would largely be these big divisions within Apple. So essentially, 642 00:40:23,200 --> 00:40:26,880 Speaker 1: he was saying, let's go to your traditional corporate structure. 643 00:40:27,320 --> 00:40:29,960 Speaker 1: It wasn't like he was inventing a new type of leadership. 644 00:40:30,080 --> 00:40:33,480 Speaker 1: This is something that's common across corporations all over the world. 645 00:40:34,600 --> 00:40:37,520 Speaker 1: So he was just saying, let's go to that because 646 00:40:37,560 --> 00:40:40,520 Speaker 1: it makes more sense. It's streamlines things, people know who 647 00:40:40,520 --> 00:40:47,320 Speaker 1: they report to. There's not this this compartmentalized UH structure 648 00:40:47,400 --> 00:40:50,279 Speaker 1: between different products. People can actually communicate with each other. 649 00:40:50,640 --> 00:40:53,480 Speaker 1: We can make sure that people working on one product 650 00:40:53,719 --> 00:40:55,920 Speaker 1: are not stepping on the toes of people who are 651 00:40:55,920 --> 00:40:58,359 Speaker 1: working on another product. Everyone can talk to each other, 652 00:40:59,560 --> 00:41:02,839 Speaker 1: and that ended up being viewed as a positive move 653 00:41:03,160 --> 00:41:05,880 Speaker 1: in the market. Again, people thought this guy knows what 654 00:41:05,920 --> 00:41:09,960 Speaker 1: he's doing, and they felt confident in Apple's performance because 655 00:41:10,000 --> 00:41:15,320 Speaker 1: of this restructuring. UH. Apple stocks would end up performing 656 00:41:15,360 --> 00:41:19,800 Speaker 1: really well over the next few years. Meanwhile, Jean Luis Gassay, 657 00:41:19,840 --> 00:41:22,319 Speaker 1: that manager I was talking about who tattle tailed on 658 00:41:22,480 --> 00:41:26,200 Speaker 1: Steve Jobs became the manager for the Products division. Effectively, 659 00:41:26,200 --> 00:41:29,560 Speaker 1: he took over the position that Steve Jobs was inhabiting 660 00:41:30,200 --> 00:41:33,960 Speaker 1: before he was stripped of all of his responsibilities. So 661 00:41:34,040 --> 00:41:37,040 Speaker 1: Gassa became the manager for Products Division and decided to 662 00:41:37,080 --> 00:41:40,880 Speaker 1: make a major change to the Macintosh line. So remember 663 00:41:40,920 --> 00:41:44,000 Speaker 1: that last Mac was the Fat Mac or the Mac 664 00:41:44,040 --> 00:41:47,480 Speaker 1: five twelve. The next computer in that line was the 665 00:41:47,600 --> 00:41:52,080 Speaker 1: Mac Plus. Now Apple introduced this in nineteen eighty six, 666 00:41:52,080 --> 00:41:55,279 Speaker 1: and it looked identical to the Fat Mac. If you 667 00:41:55,320 --> 00:41:57,480 Speaker 1: were to put two side by side, you probably wouldn't 668 00:41:57,480 --> 00:41:59,759 Speaker 1: be able to immediately tell them apart unless you could 669 00:41:59,760 --> 00:42:04,640 Speaker 1: actually read the designation on the case. But inside it 670 00:42:04,719 --> 00:42:08,880 Speaker 1: was actually quite different from the fat Fat Mac. So, 671 00:42:09,000 --> 00:42:12,200 Speaker 1: for one thing, the Fat Mac was not meant to 672 00:42:12,200 --> 00:42:16,319 Speaker 1: be expandable. Steve Jobs hated the idea of users being 673 00:42:16,360 --> 00:42:20,040 Speaker 1: able to alter the computers that Apple designed. He wanted 674 00:42:20,080 --> 00:42:25,320 Speaker 1: to have closed systems, meaning that you bought a computer, 675 00:42:25,640 --> 00:42:28,040 Speaker 1: that's the computer you got to use. You didn't get 676 00:42:28,080 --> 00:42:31,080 Speaker 1: to expand it in any way unless you were to 677 00:42:31,239 --> 00:42:34,719 Speaker 1: go to a third party, and that would violate your warranty. 678 00:42:35,200 --> 00:42:40,240 Speaker 1: The Mac Plus was different, and it was actually expandable. Um, 679 00:42:40,280 --> 00:42:42,799 Speaker 1: you could upgrade your machine if you wanted to. It 680 00:42:42,840 --> 00:42:46,799 Speaker 1: was the first Macintosh to feature a small computer system interface, 681 00:42:47,360 --> 00:42:50,920 Speaker 1: also known as a scuzzy drive s C s I. 682 00:42:51,480 --> 00:42:55,600 Speaker 1: But people call it scuzzy, not that it was scuzzy, 683 00:42:55,760 --> 00:42:58,560 Speaker 1: it's just how we pronounce it. It's actually a set 684 00:42:58,600 --> 00:43:02,200 Speaker 1: of parallel interface standards that allow you to connect other 685 00:43:02,239 --> 00:43:08,520 Speaker 1: devices to a computer, so a scanner and external hard drive, printers, 686 00:43:08,520 --> 00:43:11,120 Speaker 1: that sort of thing. It's just meant to be kind 687 00:43:11,160 --> 00:43:17,359 Speaker 1: of a universal uh plug for certain types of computer peripherals. 688 00:43:18,000 --> 00:43:20,000 Speaker 1: I talked a little bit about it in a recent 689 00:43:20,040 --> 00:43:22,600 Speaker 1: episode about USBs when I was comparing USB s to 690 00:43:22,719 --> 00:43:27,759 Speaker 1: serial and parallel ports anyway, uh the scuzzy would remain 691 00:43:27,760 --> 00:43:31,279 Speaker 1: a feature in every Mac that would follow from that 692 00:43:31,360 --> 00:43:38,200 Speaker 1: point until n You could also upgrade the memory of 693 00:43:38,239 --> 00:43:41,080 Speaker 1: the Mac Plus. The Mac Plus would come with a 694 00:43:41,080 --> 00:43:45,040 Speaker 1: whole megabyte of memory, remember the previous fat Mac at 695 00:43:45,040 --> 00:43:48,480 Speaker 1: five twelve kilobytes. Megabyte was another big jump up, but 696 00:43:48,600 --> 00:43:52,360 Speaker 1: you could expand that to up to four megabytes using 697 00:43:52,400 --> 00:43:56,880 Speaker 1: a thirty pen memory module that was easily pluggable into 698 00:43:57,080 --> 00:44:01,640 Speaker 1: the Macintosh system. You didn't have to do any crazy 699 00:44:01,719 --> 00:44:04,520 Speaker 1: soldering or anything like that. It had an expansion slot 700 00:44:04,560 --> 00:44:08,360 Speaker 1: you could plug these these chips into. Previous Apple devices 701 00:44:08,360 --> 00:44:10,520 Speaker 1: didn't allow you to upgrade your memory, so what you 702 00:44:10,600 --> 00:44:13,080 Speaker 1: bought was what you got, unless you again went to 703 00:44:13,120 --> 00:44:18,040 Speaker 1: a third party and had it professionally altered. So this 704 00:44:18,120 --> 00:44:21,960 Speaker 1: was a huge departure from Steve Jobs's philosophy. Guess Say's 705 00:44:21,960 --> 00:44:26,280 Speaker 1: approach was almost a hundred eighty degrees different from Jobs, 706 00:44:26,320 --> 00:44:29,480 Speaker 1: and would continue to be different from Jobs over the 707 00:44:29,520 --> 00:44:33,000 Speaker 1: next few years. The Mac Plus also included a keyboard 708 00:44:33,000 --> 00:44:35,360 Speaker 1: with some features that we now considered to be pretty 709 00:44:35,400 --> 00:44:40,800 Speaker 1: much standard for keyboards, like arrow keys and a number pad. Obviously, 710 00:44:40,840 --> 00:44:43,440 Speaker 1: not all keyboards have those, especially for things like laptops. 711 00:44:43,440 --> 00:44:45,880 Speaker 1: You might not have a number pad on all laptops, 712 00:44:45,920 --> 00:44:50,600 Speaker 1: but for your standard PC keyboards the kinds for desktops, 713 00:44:51,280 --> 00:44:54,080 Speaker 1: you pretty much find arrow keys and number pads on 714 00:44:54,160 --> 00:44:58,680 Speaker 1: most of those these days. But this was novel thinking 715 00:44:58,760 --> 00:45:02,080 Speaker 1: back in so it was something that differentiated the Mac 716 00:45:02,120 --> 00:45:05,000 Speaker 1: Plus from other computers on the market, and it also 717 00:45:05,120 --> 00:45:08,200 Speaker 1: ran the third generation of Max operating system, which was 718 00:45:08,239 --> 00:45:13,000 Speaker 1: then called System three. This was before Apple started calling 719 00:45:13,040 --> 00:45:17,560 Speaker 1: the operating system mac OS. They just called it system 720 00:45:17,600 --> 00:45:20,960 Speaker 1: and you could use double sided floppy discs with this device, 721 00:45:21,000 --> 00:45:23,920 Speaker 1: which allowed you to store a whopping eight bytes of 722 00:45:24,040 --> 00:45:29,520 Speaker 1: data per disc. I remember those days, but anyway, that 723 00:45:29,560 --> 00:45:31,960 Speaker 1: was a big thing back then. Having a double sided disc, 724 00:45:32,320 --> 00:45:34,839 Speaker 1: you know, effectively doubling the amount of information you could 725 00:45:34,880 --> 00:45:38,080 Speaker 1: save on a disc. That was a huge space saver. 726 00:45:38,320 --> 00:45:40,960 Speaker 1: Otherwise you had to have twice as many of those 727 00:45:41,160 --> 00:45:44,399 Speaker 1: stupid discs, and that was a pain in the butt. 728 00:45:45,360 --> 00:45:50,239 Speaker 1: Later in Apple discontinued the Fat Mac and replaced it 729 00:45:50,280 --> 00:45:53,360 Speaker 1: with the five twelve K E, which was similar to 730 00:45:53,400 --> 00:45:56,040 Speaker 1: the Mac Plus. So you had the Mac Plus, which 731 00:45:56,080 --> 00:45:58,799 Speaker 1: was sort of the high end machine, and then they said, well, 732 00:45:58,800 --> 00:46:00,440 Speaker 1: the Fat Mac doesn't really mess her up to the 733 00:46:00,440 --> 00:46:02,920 Speaker 1: Mac Plus. Will make a new version of the Fat 734 00:46:02,920 --> 00:46:06,600 Speaker 1: Mac called Mac five twelve K. It did not have 735 00:46:06,840 --> 00:46:09,360 Speaker 1: some of the elements that the Mac Plus had. It 736 00:46:09,400 --> 00:46:13,600 Speaker 1: didn't have the scuzzyport, and it didn't have the expandable 737 00:46:13,640 --> 00:46:18,440 Speaker 1: memory capability. It had those older traditional Apple style memory chips, 738 00:46:19,160 --> 00:46:22,080 Speaker 1: and as you might imagine, that didn't measure up well 739 00:46:22,080 --> 00:46:24,239 Speaker 1: with the Mac Plus in the market. So you had 740 00:46:24,280 --> 00:46:29,160 Speaker 1: consumers or small businesses, mainly and larger looking at the 741 00:46:29,239 --> 00:46:31,920 Speaker 1: Mac Plus versus the Mac five twelve k E, and 742 00:46:31,920 --> 00:46:34,080 Speaker 1: they said, why would I go with the five twelve 743 00:46:34,160 --> 00:46:37,320 Speaker 1: k E which has fewer features than the Mac Plus. 744 00:46:37,360 --> 00:46:41,040 Speaker 1: So ultimately the five twelve K did not sell very well. 745 00:46:41,480 --> 00:46:45,560 Speaker 1: The Mac Plus, however, was a very popular UH product 746 00:46:45,680 --> 00:46:48,520 Speaker 1: within the Apple line, in fact, so much so that 747 00:46:48,640 --> 00:46:53,760 Speaker 1: it would become the longest lived computer in the Macintosh line, 748 00:46:53,880 --> 00:46:57,200 Speaker 1: meaning it was the one that Apple produced the longest 749 00:46:57,239 --> 00:47:01,920 Speaker 1: amount of time UH from nineteen eighty six to nineteen 750 00:47:03,040 --> 00:47:05,480 Speaker 1: so four years of producing the same computer. That's a 751 00:47:05,520 --> 00:47:09,480 Speaker 1: long time in computer terms, because parts become obsolete so quickly, 752 00:47:09,800 --> 00:47:13,560 Speaker 1: right processors get faster, we can put more memory into 753 00:47:13,600 --> 00:47:16,880 Speaker 1: these machines, but the Mac Plus would stay on store 754 00:47:16,920 --> 00:47:24,160 Speaker 1: shelves largely unchanged from nineteen eight six to nine. Now 755 00:47:24,200 --> 00:47:25,880 Speaker 1: at this stage, I should mention that I'm not going 756 00:47:25,920 --> 00:47:31,200 Speaker 1: to cover every single variation of the Macintosh in this episode. 757 00:47:31,239 --> 00:47:33,719 Speaker 1: I know it sounds like it because I've started with 758 00:47:34,000 --> 00:47:36,960 Speaker 1: the big ones so early on, but that would just 759 00:47:37,000 --> 00:47:39,359 Speaker 1: be ridiculous. If I were to do that, it would 760 00:47:39,400 --> 00:47:43,480 Speaker 1: eventually just lead to me reading off specs for different 761 00:47:43,520 --> 00:47:47,799 Speaker 1: computers and that would get incredibly boring incredibly fast. I 762 00:47:47,800 --> 00:47:50,319 Speaker 1: do want to cover some of the big changes that 763 00:47:50,400 --> 00:47:54,400 Speaker 1: happened throughout Apple's history and the history of the Macintosh, 764 00:47:54,560 --> 00:47:58,480 Speaker 1: but I'm not going to cover every variation of every 765 00:47:58,960 --> 00:48:03,080 Speaker 1: entry into the Macintosh line. There are lots of them, 766 00:48:03,120 --> 00:48:05,480 Speaker 1: so many that it actually became a problem for Apple, 767 00:48:05,560 --> 00:48:08,239 Speaker 1: But I'll go into that in a little bit. I'm 768 00:48:08,280 --> 00:48:10,440 Speaker 1: just gonna try and get a deeper understanding of not 769 00:48:10,480 --> 00:48:12,480 Speaker 1: just the growth of the personal computer market, but the 770 00:48:12,480 --> 00:48:15,480 Speaker 1: evolution of Apple as a company. So that being said, 771 00:48:15,560 --> 00:48:19,080 Speaker 1: nineteen eighty seven saw some milestones in Apple history. For 772 00:48:19,160 --> 00:48:23,680 Speaker 1: one thing, Apple built the one millionth Macintosh in nineteen 773 00:48:23,760 --> 00:48:26,680 Speaker 1: eighty seven. Now that was a bit behind schedule, because 774 00:48:26,680 --> 00:48:29,480 Speaker 1: you remember, way back in nineteen eighty one, they were 775 00:48:29,480 --> 00:48:32,719 Speaker 1: hoping to sell two point two million Macintosh computers by 776 00:48:32,760 --> 00:48:35,040 Speaker 1: the end of nineteen eighty five. Here it is nineteen 777 00:48:35,080 --> 00:48:38,520 Speaker 1: eighty seven, and they've just built the one million Macintosh, 778 00:48:39,040 --> 00:48:41,520 Speaker 1: so they're well behind what they were hoping for back 779 00:48:41,560 --> 00:48:45,000 Speaker 1: in nineteen eighty one. However, that being said, this was 780 00:48:45,040 --> 00:48:49,400 Speaker 1: a totally different world seven. You saw massive competition in 781 00:48:49,440 --> 00:48:52,920 Speaker 1: the market. Not only did IBM have its own personal 782 00:48:52,920 --> 00:48:55,840 Speaker 1: computers out there, but you had all the clones of 783 00:48:55,920 --> 00:49:00,680 Speaker 1: IBM computers, the IBM compatible computers, because IBM licensed that 784 00:49:00,719 --> 00:49:03,840 Speaker 1: technology to other companies, so there was a lot of 785 00:49:03,880 --> 00:49:06,959 Speaker 1: competition in the space. So hitting that one million mark 786 00:49:07,480 --> 00:49:10,399 Speaker 1: was still impressive, even though it was much later than 787 00:49:10,440 --> 00:49:15,200 Speaker 1: what they had hoped for, uh and it was significant. 788 00:49:15,800 --> 00:49:19,719 Speaker 1: So that year Apple introduced new computers in the Macintosh line. 789 00:49:21,200 --> 00:49:23,920 Speaker 1: They launched the Mac S E and the Mac two 790 00:49:24,400 --> 00:49:28,600 Speaker 1: as then the part two son of Mac. It was 791 00:49:28,640 --> 00:49:30,840 Speaker 1: the Roman numeral two as well, kind of similar to 792 00:49:30,840 --> 00:49:34,560 Speaker 1: how they did Apple one, Apple to Apple three. We 793 00:49:34,640 --> 00:49:38,359 Speaker 1: start seeing the Macintosh regularly shortened to just Mac. At 794 00:49:38,400 --> 00:49:41,600 Speaker 1: this point, very few people started referring to them as 795 00:49:41,640 --> 00:49:44,560 Speaker 1: Macintosh computers. They just called a max really. After the 796 00:49:44,560 --> 00:49:48,960 Speaker 1: first Macintosh, that became pretty standard, and the Mac two 797 00:49:49,000 --> 00:49:53,080 Speaker 1: marked another big departure from the original Macintosh design jobs 798 00:49:53,080 --> 00:49:55,080 Speaker 1: and wanted the Mac to be that closed system. Like 799 00:49:55,120 --> 00:49:59,600 Speaker 1: I mentioned, the Mac two had six expansion slots that 800 00:49:59,600 --> 00:50:03,040 Speaker 1: could port all sorts of stuff, including different types of 801 00:50:03,160 --> 00:50:06,680 Speaker 1: video cards, which was a huge departure for Apple, plus 802 00:50:06,680 --> 00:50:10,280 Speaker 1: different types of network cards, scuzzy drives, that sort of stuff. 803 00:50:10,640 --> 00:50:15,400 Speaker 1: It could also display color they video cards. If you 804 00:50:15,440 --> 00:50:17,160 Speaker 1: had the right video card in the right monitor, you 805 00:50:17,160 --> 00:50:19,200 Speaker 1: could have a color display, which was a first for 806 00:50:19,280 --> 00:50:23,600 Speaker 1: Macintosh computers, and it pushed the Macintosh from the monochromatic 807 00:50:23,719 --> 00:50:26,719 Speaker 1: world to the world of glorious color with up to 808 00:50:26,840 --> 00:50:30,719 Speaker 1: sixteen million different colors that could be displayed, which is 809 00:50:30,719 --> 00:50:35,239 Speaker 1: actually pretty impressive back in the mid eighties. Later on 810 00:50:35,440 --> 00:50:38,200 Speaker 1: that would be dwarfed by what you could achieve with 811 00:50:38,880 --> 00:50:44,640 Speaker 1: high end video cards and monitors in n Apple's Macintosh 812 00:50:44,760 --> 00:50:47,560 Speaker 1: line continued to evolve, but there weren't really any major 813 00:50:47,600 --> 00:50:51,000 Speaker 1: developments like the ones I just mentioned. Instead, it was 814 00:50:51,080 --> 00:50:55,680 Speaker 1: mostly revisions and evolutions of the line, but not revolutions. 815 00:50:56,680 --> 00:50:59,760 Speaker 1: On the software side. The operating system grew, with systems 816 00:50:59,760 --> 00:51:02,480 Speaker 1: say coming out towards the end of nineteen, but apart 817 00:51:02,560 --> 00:51:07,360 Speaker 1: from the first Apple CD ROM drive launching, nothing huge 818 00:51:07,440 --> 00:51:09,840 Speaker 1: really happened in the mac line, and the same is 819 00:51:09,880 --> 00:51:12,960 Speaker 1: true for eighty nine, with one major exception. That was 820 00:51:13,000 --> 00:51:16,840 Speaker 1: the year the Apple introduced the mac Portable. So this 821 00:51:16,960 --> 00:51:20,040 Speaker 1: wasn't really a laptop computer. I mean, you could call 822 00:51:20,080 --> 00:51:22,000 Speaker 1: it a laptop computer, but really it was more of 823 00:51:22,040 --> 00:51:27,600 Speaker 1: a portable Macintosh computer. In theory. You could call it laptop, 824 00:51:27,640 --> 00:51:30,840 Speaker 1: but only in theory because the thing weighed nearly sixteen 825 00:51:30,960 --> 00:51:34,960 Speaker 1: pounds or about seven point to six kilograms, which is 826 00:51:35,000 --> 00:51:38,279 Speaker 1: a pretty weighty machine to call a laptop. It was 827 00:51:38,320 --> 00:51:41,279 Speaker 1: also bulky, and it was about the size of a 828 00:51:41,320 --> 00:51:45,400 Speaker 1: standard briefcase. In other words, it was a giant compared 829 00:51:45,440 --> 00:51:47,960 Speaker 1: to the Mac Air that you could find today. The 830 00:51:48,000 --> 00:51:51,680 Speaker 1: Mac Portable had a lead acid battery, which is the 831 00:51:51,719 --> 00:51:54,440 Speaker 1: same sort of battery you can find in your standard 832 00:51:54,560 --> 00:51:59,160 Speaker 1: gas powered automobile, like a car battery that's also lead acid. 833 00:51:59,680 --> 00:52:03,439 Speaker 1: That's type of battery the first Mac Portable had. Now, 834 00:52:03,440 --> 00:52:05,560 Speaker 1: it did allow you to have about ten hours of 835 00:52:05,560 --> 00:52:08,239 Speaker 1: battery life, so that's nice, but it added to that 836 00:52:08,400 --> 00:52:11,759 Speaker 1: significant weight, or it was rather i should say it 837 00:52:11,800 --> 00:52:16,000 Speaker 1: made up a significant portion of that weight. There were 838 00:52:16,000 --> 00:52:19,360 Speaker 1: two main keyboard layouts you could get. One had a 839 00:52:19,440 --> 00:52:21,960 Speaker 1: numeric keypad and the other one had a track ball 840 00:52:22,400 --> 00:52:25,640 Speaker 1: which would replace the need for a mouse. So trackball 841 00:52:25,680 --> 00:52:28,120 Speaker 1: sort of like the old centipede arcade machines, And if 842 00:52:28,160 --> 00:52:31,839 Speaker 1: you don't know what that is, ask your parents. There 843 00:52:31,840 --> 00:52:35,839 Speaker 1: were This was another one of the ideas of Jean 844 00:52:35,960 --> 00:52:41,600 Speaker 1: Louis Gassy. So he decided that the portable computer was 845 00:52:41,640 --> 00:52:44,520 Speaker 1: an interesting approach. He had already made a decision to 846 00:52:44,560 --> 00:52:47,720 Speaker 1: stick with Apple. He had received an order, an offer 847 00:52:47,840 --> 00:52:52,239 Speaker 1: rather from Commodore. Commodore was making the Amiga line of 848 00:52:52,280 --> 00:52:55,680 Speaker 1: computers and they wanted Gass to come over as the 849 00:52:55,680 --> 00:52:58,760 Speaker 1: new head of Commodore. But he actually turned the company 850 00:52:58,800 --> 00:53:02,240 Speaker 1: down initially and said that he wanted to stick with Apple, 851 00:53:02,640 --> 00:53:06,880 Speaker 1: and so he really pushed for the portable Mac. Uh. 852 00:53:07,200 --> 00:53:10,960 Speaker 1: It had pretty impressive specs for the time. Apple said 853 00:53:10,960 --> 00:53:14,759 Speaker 1: they spared no expense, they made no accommodation for the 854 00:53:14,760 --> 00:53:20,600 Speaker 1: fact that was portable. They didn't want to compromise on quality, 855 00:53:20,719 --> 00:53:23,359 Speaker 1: and in fact, the specs were pretty impressive even for 856 00:53:23,440 --> 00:53:27,200 Speaker 1: just a regular desktop machine. However, it meant that the 857 00:53:27,239 --> 00:53:31,640 Speaker 1: device was incredibly expensive, again not a surprise with an Apple, right. 858 00:53:31,719 --> 00:53:35,520 Speaker 1: So it's price tag was six thousand, five hundred dollars 859 00:53:35,560 --> 00:53:40,440 Speaker 1: for this portable machine. In so if we look at inflation, 860 00:53:40,480 --> 00:53:43,560 Speaker 1: that's about thirteen thousand dollars. You would have to pay 861 00:53:43,640 --> 00:53:47,400 Speaker 1: thirteen grand to get this portable Mac. Now, there was 862 00:53:47,440 --> 00:53:51,719 Speaker 1: a call for portable machines because more and more companies 863 00:53:51,760 --> 00:53:54,520 Speaker 1: wanted people to be able to take a machine into 864 00:53:54,520 --> 00:53:56,920 Speaker 1: the field You might work for a company like a 865 00:53:57,040 --> 00:54:02,200 Speaker 1: utility company, and having a computer that your employee could 866 00:54:02,239 --> 00:54:05,400 Speaker 1: take with him or her on a service call was 867 00:54:05,440 --> 00:54:09,360 Speaker 1: incredibly valuable. So there was a need for portable machines. 868 00:54:09,560 --> 00:54:12,320 Speaker 1: People had a desire for them. There was a market there, 869 00:54:13,000 --> 00:54:18,040 Speaker 1: but thirteen thousand dollars for a portable Mac was a 870 00:54:18,160 --> 00:54:20,960 Speaker 1: super steep price, and you might not be surprised to 871 00:54:21,000 --> 00:54:24,080 Speaker 1: hear that not very many of them were sold as 872 00:54:24,080 --> 00:54:27,399 Speaker 1: a result. In fact, Apple sales in general were not 873 00:54:27,560 --> 00:54:30,680 Speaker 1: doing well that year. It marked the first time Apple 874 00:54:30,840 --> 00:54:34,640 Speaker 1: had an actual drop in sales figures, so they were 875 00:54:34,680 --> 00:54:38,600 Speaker 1: selling fewer computers than they had in the previous year. 876 00:54:39,360 --> 00:54:42,840 Speaker 1: The following year, Gasse announced his retirement from Apple and 877 00:54:42,960 --> 00:54:47,200 Speaker 1: vacated the head of product development, so he only lasted 878 00:54:47,520 --> 00:54:51,200 Speaker 1: a little bit longer than Steve Jobs himself did. Now, 879 00:54:51,320 --> 00:54:54,560 Speaker 1: nineteen ninety also saw a big shift due to outside competition. 880 00:54:54,680 --> 00:55:00,799 Speaker 1: That's because in nineteen Microsoft launched Windows three point oh. Now, 881 00:55:00,800 --> 00:55:04,080 Speaker 1: the previous incarnation of Windows had really not made a 882 00:55:04,160 --> 00:55:09,280 Speaker 1: huge impact on Macintosh sales. Consumers had not really adapted 883 00:55:09,320 --> 00:55:13,440 Speaker 1: and adopted the Windows platform. But Windows three was a 884 00:55:13,440 --> 00:55:18,880 Speaker 1: different story. Windows three and IBM compatible machines were starting 885 00:55:18,880 --> 00:55:22,000 Speaker 1: to become more popular, and from this point forward, I'm 886 00:55:22,040 --> 00:55:25,240 Speaker 1: just going to call those PCs. We'll talk about max 887 00:55:25,400 --> 00:55:28,800 Speaker 1: versus PCs. I don't like that because I think personal 888 00:55:28,840 --> 00:55:32,040 Speaker 1: computer is too broad a term to just refer to 889 00:55:32,120 --> 00:55:36,400 Speaker 1: Windows based machines, but just for simplicity sake, we're gonna 890 00:55:36,400 --> 00:55:39,520 Speaker 1: do that for the rest of this episode. So PCs 891 00:55:39,560 --> 00:55:43,799 Speaker 1: were really selling well, and Windows three point oh was 892 00:55:44,040 --> 00:55:48,800 Speaker 1: a dominant operating system, again a graphic user interface similar 893 00:55:48,840 --> 00:55:51,640 Speaker 1: to what you would find on the Macintosh. There were 894 00:55:51,680 --> 00:55:56,560 Speaker 1: even people arguing that Microsoft was copying no Macintosh, but 895 00:55:56,600 --> 00:55:59,799 Speaker 1: the development of Windows was happening at around the same 896 00:55:59,840 --> 00:56:03,560 Speaker 1: time him as the development of the Macintosh gooey, and 897 00:56:03,760 --> 00:56:07,400 Speaker 1: to be honest, both companies really owed a huge debt 898 00:56:07,560 --> 00:56:11,800 Speaker 1: to Xerox because it was Xerox is Park the R 899 00:56:11,880 --> 00:56:16,080 Speaker 1: and d arm of Xerox that developed the graphic user interface. Anyway, 900 00:56:17,440 --> 00:56:20,239 Speaker 1: the IBM PCs had a huge advantage over Macintosh and 901 00:56:20,239 --> 00:56:23,040 Speaker 1: that they were less expensive. You could buy an IBM 902 00:56:23,080 --> 00:56:25,440 Speaker 1: PC for a fraction of what it cost to buy 903 00:56:25,440 --> 00:56:27,919 Speaker 1: a Macintosh, and then you can get your graphic user 904 00:56:27,960 --> 00:56:31,520 Speaker 1: interface with Windows three point oh. Uh. In fact, within 905 00:56:31,520 --> 00:56:34,920 Speaker 1: a couple of years, you would have about five copies 906 00:56:34,960 --> 00:56:37,640 Speaker 1: of Windows three point oh for every Macintosh that was 907 00:56:37,680 --> 00:56:44,200 Speaker 1: being sold. That's not great if you're Apple. Uh. I 908 00:56:44,200 --> 00:56:46,480 Speaker 1: should also point out that even at this point, as 909 00:56:46,560 --> 00:56:51,640 Speaker 1: late as n I still hated Windows because I still 910 00:56:51,680 --> 00:56:53,960 Speaker 1: hated the idea of having to surrender so much of 911 00:56:54,000 --> 00:56:57,440 Speaker 1: my computers operating system or so much of my computers 912 00:56:57,960 --> 00:57:01,160 Speaker 1: processing power to the operating system them. So I was 913 00:57:01,160 --> 00:57:04,280 Speaker 1: still being an elitist computer snob in those days. Although 914 00:57:04,320 --> 00:57:06,560 Speaker 1: I had to give in because more and more games 915 00:57:06,600 --> 00:57:08,960 Speaker 1: were only Windows compatible, and if I'm going to be honest, 916 00:57:09,320 --> 00:57:12,799 Speaker 1: that was my main concern with PCs back in the day. 917 00:57:13,000 --> 00:57:15,920 Speaker 1: It wasn't so much concerned about the productivity software, but 918 00:57:15,960 --> 00:57:19,760 Speaker 1: if I couldn't play my ultimate series of games got 919 00:57:19,840 --> 00:57:25,080 Speaker 1: grouchy anyway. Remember it was also the year that the 920 00:57:25,120 --> 00:57:28,760 Speaker 1: Mac Plus finally got discontinued from Apple. They decided to 921 00:57:28,800 --> 00:57:31,120 Speaker 1: stop selling it, to stop making it. But it had 922 00:57:31,120 --> 00:57:34,000 Speaker 1: a four year run, so that was really strong. Now 923 00:57:34,000 --> 00:57:37,480 Speaker 1: I've got more to say about this period in Apple 924 00:57:37,560 --> 00:57:40,360 Speaker 1: and Macintosh history, but before I get to that, let's 925 00:57:40,360 --> 00:57:52,280 Speaker 1: take another quick break to thank our sponsor. Within two years, 926 00:57:52,840 --> 00:57:55,360 Speaker 1: so essentially By the time it gets to nine two 927 00:57:55,400 --> 00:57:58,560 Speaker 1: Windows machines were outnumbering Macintosh machines by that factor of 928 00:57:58,600 --> 00:58:01,880 Speaker 1: five to one, and that was super bad news for Apple. 929 00:58:02,040 --> 00:58:06,360 Speaker 1: Apple stock price suffered dropping twenty percent, so the the 930 00:58:06,440 --> 00:58:10,760 Speaker 1: value of the company decreased by one five because of 931 00:58:10,800 --> 00:58:14,520 Speaker 1: this issue and other issues going on in Apple, so 932 00:58:14,600 --> 00:58:18,400 Speaker 1: the company was in a dangerous time in its history. 933 00:58:18,760 --> 00:58:21,400 Speaker 1: It really led to an overall operational loss and it 934 00:58:21,480 --> 00:58:27,400 Speaker 1: was pretty ugly. Stockholders were demanding that something change. So 935 00:58:27,520 --> 00:58:29,800 Speaker 1: John Scully was on the way out at this point 936 00:58:30,000 --> 00:58:34,760 Speaker 1: because the performance of the company was suffering. He was 937 00:58:34,840 --> 00:58:38,280 Speaker 1: being blamed for a lot of that, and so he 938 00:58:38,480 --> 00:58:43,200 Speaker 1: left in three. But just before he left, Apple was 939 00:58:43,280 --> 00:58:47,520 Speaker 1: still trying to right the ship right. The ship was 940 00:58:47,520 --> 00:58:49,440 Speaker 1: starting to list. They were trying to get it back 941 00:58:49,480 --> 00:58:56,240 Speaker 1: on track. I'm mixing metaphors, sue me. Apple introduced System seven, 942 00:58:56,520 --> 00:59:00,240 Speaker 1: so this was the next generation of its operating system, 943 00:59:00,280 --> 00:59:04,400 Speaker 1: and it introduced automatic support from multiple simultaneous applications, so 944 00:59:04,440 --> 00:59:09,640 Speaker 1: you could run numerous programs at the same time. It 945 00:59:09,720 --> 00:59:15,000 Speaker 1: also introduced uh It's QuickTime software in n and Apple 946 00:59:15,040 --> 00:59:18,400 Speaker 1: Max began to run on the Motorola six eight zero 947 00:59:18,480 --> 00:59:21,520 Speaker 1: three zero processors. And I'm sure there's an easier way 948 00:59:21,560 --> 00:59:24,160 Speaker 1: of saying that, and I'm sure the computer geeks out 949 00:59:24,160 --> 00:59:26,600 Speaker 1: there in the audience who are familiar with these processors, 950 00:59:26,600 --> 00:59:28,840 Speaker 1: these are the ones that you know, Max ran on 951 00:59:28,880 --> 00:59:33,480 Speaker 1: the sixty eight thousand processors that Motorola made since the beginning. 952 00:59:34,080 --> 00:59:36,080 Speaker 1: I'm sure there's an easier way of saying them, and 953 00:59:36,120 --> 00:59:38,640 Speaker 1: I apologize for not knowing that, but I'm just gonna 954 00:59:38,640 --> 00:59:44,000 Speaker 1: say them the long way anyway. Uh. The Apple introduced 955 00:59:44,000 --> 00:59:47,360 Speaker 1: the Macintosh Quadra seven hundred and the Quadrum nine hundred 956 00:59:47,400 --> 00:59:50,640 Speaker 1: computers in nine, which were meant to be new product 957 00:59:50,720 --> 00:59:54,400 Speaker 1: lines within McIntosh, although they didn't last very long. Uh. 958 00:59:54,480 --> 00:59:57,920 Speaker 1: They ran on Motorola six eight zero four zero processors, 959 00:59:57,960 --> 01:00:01,400 Speaker 1: which are comparable to the four A the six processors 960 01:00:01,400 --> 01:00:04,240 Speaker 1: that Intel was producing at the time. So you had 961 01:00:04,520 --> 01:00:08,720 Speaker 1: Microsoft and Windows that were paired up with Intel, and 962 01:00:08,760 --> 01:00:11,840 Speaker 1: you had Apple pairing up with Motorola, trying to make 963 01:00:11,880 --> 01:00:17,800 Speaker 1: sure that its computers were of a comparable uh uh, 964 01:00:18,000 --> 01:00:20,920 Speaker 1: comparable level of quality to the to the top of 965 01:00:20,920 --> 01:00:26,160 Speaker 1: the line IBM compatible machines. Apple introduced a new type 966 01:00:26,200 --> 01:00:29,160 Speaker 1: of computer called the power Book, which was a line 967 01:00:29,200 --> 01:00:32,440 Speaker 1: of truly portable computers. These were more These were closer 968 01:00:32,520 --> 01:00:35,600 Speaker 1: to being laptops than that portable Mac was. Remember the 969 01:00:35,640 --> 01:00:39,000 Speaker 1: portable Mac was really just a portable Mac, but the 970 01:00:39,160 --> 01:00:41,120 Speaker 1: power Book was meant to be more of a laptop. 971 01:00:41,560 --> 01:00:44,800 Speaker 1: The first of the power Books, or rather the the 972 01:00:44,920 --> 01:00:49,080 Speaker 1: lowest in the whole line, the cheapest, was not actually 973 01:00:49,120 --> 01:00:53,360 Speaker 1: made by Apple. Apple contracted with Sony, and Sony made 974 01:00:53,400 --> 01:00:56,960 Speaker 1: the power Book one. This is unusual because most Apple 975 01:00:57,000 --> 01:01:00,760 Speaker 1: products are manufactured by Apple itself, but that wasn't true 976 01:01:00,760 --> 01:01:04,160 Speaker 1: for the power Book one. The battery on the power 977 01:01:04,200 --> 01:01:07,400 Speaker 1: Book one hundred would last a whole two hours without 978 01:01:07,480 --> 01:01:10,400 Speaker 1: being plugged in. It didn't sell as well as some 979 01:01:10,440 --> 01:01:12,280 Speaker 1: of the higher end models because it just didn't have 980 01:01:12,320 --> 01:01:15,160 Speaker 1: the features. The power Book one forty and the one 981 01:01:15,280 --> 01:01:18,200 Speaker 1: seventy were launched at around the same time, and they 982 01:01:18,240 --> 01:01:21,360 Speaker 1: sold better than the power Book one hundred did. The 983 01:01:21,360 --> 01:01:23,760 Speaker 1: form factor of these ended up kind of defining the 984 01:01:23,920 --> 01:01:27,280 Speaker 1: look of laptops in the future. So if you unfolded 985 01:01:27,280 --> 01:01:30,720 Speaker 1: the screen, uh, the keyboard sat back toward the screen. 986 01:01:31,280 --> 01:01:33,880 Speaker 1: So typically the way you would open up a laptop, 987 01:01:34,000 --> 01:01:35,600 Speaker 1: and you know how the keyboard is back in the 988 01:01:35,600 --> 01:01:38,800 Speaker 1: back section. In the front section, there was space for 989 01:01:39,040 --> 01:01:42,520 Speaker 1: a first track ball, so again kind of like centipede 990 01:01:42,560 --> 01:01:45,480 Speaker 1: ask your parents, and then later on a track pad, 991 01:01:45,480 --> 01:01:49,160 Speaker 1: which is what you find standard on most laptops today. Well, 992 01:01:49,240 --> 01:01:51,280 Speaker 1: it was the power Book that kind of defined that 993 01:01:51,360 --> 01:01:56,160 Speaker 1: form factor, and most laptops following followed along behind it. 994 01:01:56,200 --> 01:01:59,840 Speaker 1: They didn't really change that up because it just made sense, 995 01:02:00,440 --> 01:02:02,200 Speaker 1: but that was the power Book that really introduced that. 996 01:02:04,320 --> 01:02:12,480 Speaker 1: Now beyond this, you also had in an alliance between Apple, 997 01:02:13,200 --> 01:02:18,800 Speaker 1: IBM and Motorola. They called it the AIM Alliance AIM, 998 01:02:18,920 --> 01:02:23,640 Speaker 1: standing for Apple IBM, Motorola cute right. The aim of 999 01:02:23,760 --> 01:02:29,120 Speaker 1: AIM yeakeniche mcadee doo was building new hardware and software 1000 01:02:29,160 --> 01:02:31,880 Speaker 1: to act as a platform for the next generation of 1001 01:02:32,000 --> 01:02:36,560 Speaker 1: computers and to stand as a direct competitor with Windows 1002 01:02:36,840 --> 01:02:41,080 Speaker 1: and Intel. So they wanted to make their own version 1003 01:02:41,680 --> 01:02:45,320 Speaker 1: of the partnership that Microsoft had with Intel and make 1004 01:02:45,400 --> 01:02:49,560 Speaker 1: it a competing standard. They called it PREP, which added 1005 01:02:49,560 --> 01:02:51,960 Speaker 1: an upper case P and upper case are, a lower 1006 01:02:51,960 --> 01:02:54,920 Speaker 1: case E and an upper case P. It stood for 1007 01:02:54,960 --> 01:02:59,280 Speaker 1: power PC Reference Platform. I was intended to serve as 1008 01:02:59,320 --> 01:03:01,320 Speaker 1: that competitor, and the goal was to create a new 1009 01:03:01,360 --> 01:03:04,880 Speaker 1: operating system that Apple would be in charge of so 1010 01:03:04,920 --> 01:03:08,080 Speaker 1: Apple would provide the operating system and it would run 1011 01:03:08,120 --> 01:03:12,320 Speaker 1: on risk based processors as r I s C, and 1012 01:03:12,360 --> 01:03:16,480 Speaker 1: those would come from IBM and Motorola. Apple's code named 1013 01:03:16,480 --> 01:03:20,640 Speaker 1: operating system was called Pink. And why well, that goes 1014 01:03:20,680 --> 01:03:23,000 Speaker 1: back a little bit earlier in Apple's history. So when 1015 01:03:23,000 --> 01:03:28,840 Speaker 1: Apple was planning out future projects several years before this happened, 1016 01:03:29,360 --> 01:03:32,280 Speaker 1: they would write down ideas on one of two different 1017 01:03:32,280 --> 01:03:36,520 Speaker 1: colors of note cards. If the idea was considered to 1018 01:03:36,560 --> 01:03:39,240 Speaker 1: be easy to implement, If engineers said yeah, we can 1019 01:03:39,360 --> 01:03:41,520 Speaker 1: knock that out and it won't cost too much and 1020 01:03:41,520 --> 01:03:44,240 Speaker 1: it won't take up too much time, those ideas went 1021 01:03:44,280 --> 01:03:47,080 Speaker 1: on blue note cards, meaning these are gonna be easy 1022 01:03:47,120 --> 01:03:50,520 Speaker 1: for us to do. If it was considered a challenging 1023 01:03:50,560 --> 01:03:53,600 Speaker 1: idea that was going to require more time, more effort, 1024 01:03:53,680 --> 01:03:56,600 Speaker 1: and therefore it was going to cost more internally, they 1025 01:03:56,600 --> 01:04:00,320 Speaker 1: would write it down on a pink note card, saying, yeah, 1026 01:04:00,360 --> 01:04:02,400 Speaker 1: this is gonna be harder to do. It might still 1027 01:04:02,440 --> 01:04:06,280 Speaker 1: be worth it, but it's gonna be hard. Well, the 1028 01:04:06,360 --> 01:04:09,840 Speaker 1: operating system was codenamed Pink because it was written down 1029 01:04:09,880 --> 01:04:14,080 Speaker 1: on a pink note card, creating the next generation operating system, 1030 01:04:14,400 --> 01:04:18,919 Speaker 1: one that wasn't rooted in the system versions that had 1031 01:04:18,960 --> 01:04:21,680 Speaker 1: been on Macintosh up to that point, was gonna take 1032 01:04:21,720 --> 01:04:25,320 Speaker 1: a lot of development time and effort, so it was 1033 01:04:25,360 --> 01:04:30,880 Speaker 1: codenamed Pink. Now, sadly Prep never really meshed. You never 1034 01:04:30,920 --> 01:04:32,920 Speaker 1: got a point where you had the hardware and software 1035 01:04:32,920 --> 01:04:37,360 Speaker 1: married together to make this rival to Windows Intel. So 1036 01:04:37,480 --> 01:04:40,600 Speaker 1: ultimately the project was a failure. But one thing that 1037 01:04:40,640 --> 01:04:42,800 Speaker 1: did come out of it was a new type of 1038 01:04:42,840 --> 01:04:46,960 Speaker 1: processor called the power PC processor, and those would eventually 1039 01:04:47,000 --> 01:04:52,560 Speaker 1: find their way into mac computers. Apple introduced a line 1040 01:04:52,560 --> 01:04:56,040 Speaker 1: of Macintosh computers called the perform Aline, and this was 1041 01:04:56,120 --> 01:04:59,880 Speaker 1: Macintosh's effort to actually say, hey, let's make something for 1042 01:05:00,040 --> 01:05:04,120 Speaker 1: the average consumer. Most Macintosh computers were so expensive and 1043 01:05:04,160 --> 01:05:07,520 Speaker 1: so specialized that they were just going to a narrow 1044 01:05:07,640 --> 01:05:11,200 Speaker 1: niche market. We're talking about those creators I mentioned earlier 1045 01:05:11,400 --> 01:05:14,280 Speaker 1: and small businesses, but that meant they were passing up 1046 01:05:14,320 --> 01:05:18,200 Speaker 1: the opportunity to really target personal computer owners. They had 1047 01:05:18,400 --> 01:05:21,240 Speaker 1: mostly targeted those through the Apple two line. But now 1048 01:05:21,360 --> 01:05:25,080 Speaker 1: the Apple two line was dead. It had discontinued, and 1049 01:05:25,360 --> 01:05:29,400 Speaker 1: uh really it ended in when Apple to E Enhanced 1050 01:05:29,400 --> 01:05:31,840 Speaker 1: stopped being made. Although there were a couple of other 1051 01:05:32,000 --> 01:05:34,440 Speaker 1: variations in the Apple two that lasted a bit longer, 1052 01:05:34,840 --> 01:05:36,920 Speaker 1: but they wanted to tackle that same market with the 1053 01:05:36,960 --> 01:05:40,760 Speaker 1: Macintosh line, so they launched the Performance Series. So what 1054 01:05:41,000 --> 01:05:45,320 Speaker 1: was it. The Performance Series was really just rebranded older 1055 01:05:45,360 --> 01:05:49,600 Speaker 1: models of Macintosh computers. So the Macintosh computers that debuted 1056 01:05:49,600 --> 01:05:53,280 Speaker 1: a couple of years earlier but now had slower processors 1057 01:05:53,280 --> 01:05:56,560 Speaker 1: compared to the most up to date models, they got 1058 01:05:56,600 --> 01:06:02,120 Speaker 1: rebranded as Performer models of Macintosh and put on the market. However, 1059 01:06:03,040 --> 01:06:06,000 Speaker 1: Apple dumped a whole bunch of different models at the 1060 01:06:06,040 --> 01:06:09,680 Speaker 1: same time, and that really confused consumers in the marketplace. 1061 01:06:09,880 --> 01:06:14,480 Speaker 1: Imagine going to a store and seeing eight different variations 1062 01:06:14,560 --> 01:06:18,000 Speaker 1: of the same basic computer and not really understanding what 1063 01:06:18,200 --> 01:06:22,280 Speaker 1: differentiated one from another. That's kind of what happened with 1064 01:06:22,360 --> 01:06:25,880 Speaker 1: the Performance Series. It just added more confusion in the marketplace, 1065 01:06:26,240 --> 01:06:30,200 Speaker 1: and ultimately consumers just weren't sure about which computer they 1066 01:06:30,200 --> 01:06:33,000 Speaker 1: should pie, and not a lot of them got sold. 1067 01:06:33,920 --> 01:06:37,880 Speaker 1: So Apple decided, hey, let's clear up the confusion, and 1068 01:06:37,920 --> 01:06:43,320 Speaker 1: they produced a half hour infomercial explaining the different Performer models, 1069 01:06:44,520 --> 01:06:47,840 Speaker 1: and you can find it online. So if you've got 1070 01:06:47,840 --> 01:06:49,600 Speaker 1: half an hour to kill and you want to see 1071 01:06:49,640 --> 01:06:54,760 Speaker 1: how Apple tried to explain this performance series two consumers. 1072 01:06:55,240 --> 01:06:57,440 Speaker 1: Search for it online, you can find it. It's usually 1073 01:06:57,440 --> 01:07:00,040 Speaker 1: divided up into multiple parts, but you can find in 1074 01:07:00,120 --> 01:07:03,880 Speaker 1: the performance series of videos that made up a half 1075 01:07:03,920 --> 01:07:07,720 Speaker 1: hour infomercial. Now, the next person to stepa in as 1076 01:07:07,800 --> 01:07:11,040 Speaker 1: leader of the company, remember Scully had left in ninety three, 1077 01:07:11,080 --> 01:07:15,720 Speaker 1: was Michael Spindler. He came from Apple's European operations division 1078 01:07:15,960 --> 01:07:20,000 Speaker 1: and he worked his way up the chain there. His 1079 01:07:20,240 --> 01:07:24,640 Speaker 1: term was one of real controversy. It wasn't as a 1080 01:07:24,760 --> 01:07:29,160 Speaker 1: smooth transition, and it wasn't without issues. In fact, there 1081 01:07:29,200 --> 01:07:32,000 Speaker 1: were rumors that he was discussing the possibilities of a 1082 01:07:32,040 --> 01:07:37,240 Speaker 1: takeover with other companies like Sun Microsystems or IBM, and 1083 01:07:37,360 --> 01:07:40,640 Speaker 1: he also oversaw projects at Apple that ultimately failed, like 1084 01:07:40,760 --> 01:07:45,560 Speaker 1: Apple's Newton project. I know I've mentioned Newton in previous 1085 01:07:45,720 --> 01:07:48,040 Speaker 1: episodes of Tech Stuff. I think we might have even 1086 01:07:48,080 --> 01:07:50,920 Speaker 1: done a full episode about the Newton, which is kind 1087 01:07:50,960 --> 01:07:55,440 Speaker 1: of a sad and comical story simultaneously. But that was 1088 01:07:55,520 --> 01:07:57,680 Speaker 1: the little handheld device that was meant to be able 1089 01:07:57,680 --> 01:08:01,240 Speaker 1: to recognize handwriting and other and have other features as well, 1090 01:08:01,680 --> 01:08:08,640 Speaker 1: that ultimately had um Its ambitions were beyond its own grasp. 1091 01:08:08,880 --> 01:08:15,440 Speaker 1: Let's be kind and call it that. But that's another story. So, uh, 1092 01:08:15,680 --> 01:08:20,960 Speaker 1: the nickname for Michael Spindler was the Diesel. I don't 1093 01:08:21,000 --> 01:08:22,920 Speaker 1: know what that says about his character, but I have 1094 01:08:22,920 --> 01:08:27,840 Speaker 1: a feeling that I probably wouldn't be compatible with someone 1095 01:08:27,880 --> 01:08:32,200 Speaker 1: whose nickname is the Diesel, unless it was Kevin Nash, 1096 01:08:32,439 --> 01:08:38,400 Speaker 1: because we have a mutual love of professional wrestling. Now, 1097 01:08:38,680 --> 01:08:41,640 Speaker 1: Spindler would end up being replaced by the Board of 1098 01:08:41,680 --> 01:08:45,240 Speaker 1: directors a few years later in and the board of 1099 01:08:45,280 --> 01:08:50,040 Speaker 1: directors chose Gil Emilio to step in as CEO. Gil 1100 01:08:50,080 --> 01:08:54,320 Speaker 1: Emilio had come from National Semiconductor before joining Apple, and 1101 01:08:54,400 --> 01:08:58,160 Speaker 1: Emilio himself would also get replaced by the Board of 1102 01:08:58,160 --> 01:09:01,720 Speaker 1: Directors in But more on that in a little bit. 1103 01:09:01,800 --> 01:09:05,200 Speaker 1: Let's get back to the timeline of Macintosh. So we 1104 01:09:05,320 --> 01:09:08,639 Speaker 1: left off in n just took a break to talk 1105 01:09:08,680 --> 01:09:11,920 Speaker 1: about the shuffle at the CEO level over the next 1106 01:09:11,920 --> 01:09:14,760 Speaker 1: couple of years, which really tells you that Apple was 1107 01:09:14,800 --> 01:09:19,160 Speaker 1: in trouble. When you see a company changing CEO so 1108 01:09:19,280 --> 01:09:22,479 Speaker 1: rapidly because the board keeps replacing it, that's not a 1109 01:09:22,520 --> 01:09:25,680 Speaker 1: great sign. Doesn't show a lot of confidence at the 1110 01:09:25,680 --> 01:09:28,559 Speaker 1: board of directors. Level, and it probably reflects a lack 1111 01:09:28,600 --> 01:09:31,880 Speaker 1: of confidence at the shareholder level. But the show had 1112 01:09:31,960 --> 01:09:35,400 Speaker 1: to go on. So what was happening at Macintosh. Well, 1113 01:09:36,840 --> 01:09:41,160 Speaker 1: Apple made a big move that was a defining moment 1114 01:09:41,560 --> 01:09:44,760 Speaker 1: and the Macintosh line. They decided to move away from 1115 01:09:44,800 --> 01:09:48,040 Speaker 1: those Motorola processors I talked about a minute ago, and 1116 01:09:48,160 --> 01:09:51,960 Speaker 1: switched to the power PC processors, which remember we're still 1117 01:09:52,479 --> 01:09:56,320 Speaker 1: developed partially by Motorola in partnership with IBM, so it's 1118 01:09:56,360 --> 01:09:59,400 Speaker 1: not like they were turning their back on Motorola. Rather 1119 01:09:59,479 --> 01:10:02,519 Speaker 1: they said, from this point forward, our architecture is going 1120 01:10:02,600 --> 01:10:05,920 Speaker 1: to depend upon this type of computer processor instead of 1121 01:10:05,960 --> 01:10:10,120 Speaker 1: this other type of computer processor. But that meant big 1122 01:10:10,200 --> 01:10:13,880 Speaker 1: changes all down the line of the Macintosh. Now, they 1123 01:10:13,920 --> 01:10:17,639 Speaker 1: were hoping that the power PC processors would be able 1124 01:10:17,680 --> 01:10:21,720 Speaker 1: to rival Intel's x eight six chips. Those are the 1125 01:10:21,760 --> 01:10:24,040 Speaker 1: four eight six is the pen t M and so on. 1126 01:10:25,080 --> 01:10:28,200 Speaker 1: So that was the hope, and um they actually stuck 1127 01:10:28,200 --> 01:10:33,040 Speaker 1: with power PC processors all the way from two thousand 1128 01:10:33,160 --> 01:10:36,479 Speaker 1: six and then they changed again. That's a story for 1129 01:10:36,600 --> 01:10:40,400 Speaker 1: later now. The first mac to feature a power PC 1130 01:10:40,520 --> 01:10:46,639 Speaker 1: processor was the Macintosh, which also ran Mac OS nine. 1131 01:10:46,680 --> 01:10:49,200 Speaker 1: It was the latest version of Apple's operating system. Although 1132 01:10:49,240 --> 01:10:51,920 Speaker 1: it wasn't called mac OS nine, it was really System nine. 1133 01:10:52,360 --> 01:10:55,240 Speaker 1: It was the first computer to actually run System nine. 1134 01:10:56,000 --> 01:11:00,840 Speaker 1: Oddly enough, Apple also released a second ver version of 1135 01:11:01,040 --> 01:11:06,840 Speaker 1: this specific computer with a completely different chip architecture. So 1136 01:11:06,880 --> 01:11:10,160 Speaker 1: you have the power Pc version of the sixty, but 1137 01:11:10,240 --> 01:11:13,559 Speaker 1: you also had an Intel for eighty six version of 1138 01:11:13,600 --> 01:11:17,280 Speaker 1: the sixty. For the first time, Apple decided to try 1139 01:11:17,280 --> 01:11:21,839 Speaker 1: and go with an IBM compatible route, so this version 1140 01:11:22,040 --> 01:11:27,000 Speaker 1: of the Mac six had an Intel forties for six microprocessor. 1141 01:11:27,080 --> 01:11:30,600 Speaker 1: It was DOS compatible. It could run both mac OS 1142 01:11:30,600 --> 01:11:34,840 Speaker 1: and Windows simultaneously. Later on Macintosh users would have to 1143 01:11:34,840 --> 01:11:37,679 Speaker 1: do this by setting up a virtual machine that would 1144 01:11:37,760 --> 01:11:41,280 Speaker 1: run an instance of Windows over on top of the 1145 01:11:41,280 --> 01:11:44,920 Speaker 1: Mac hardware. This was also a time when Apple began 1146 01:11:44,960 --> 01:11:47,200 Speaker 1: to stray further away from the concept of making as 1147 01:11:47,280 --> 01:11:50,600 Speaker 1: much in house as it could, and it was a 1148 01:11:50,640 --> 01:11:53,120 Speaker 1: big departure from the white Steve Jobs had run things 1149 01:11:53,400 --> 01:11:56,000 Speaker 1: back when he was still part of the company. Now, 1150 01:11:56,000 --> 01:11:59,280 Speaker 1: the power Pc hardware was incompatible with software that was 1151 01:11:59,320 --> 01:12:03,120 Speaker 1: written for Scintosh computers running the older Motorola chips. You 1152 01:12:03,200 --> 01:12:07,240 Speaker 1: often find this if you change processor types. That change 1153 01:12:07,240 --> 01:12:11,120 Speaker 1: in architecture requires software to behave a different way in 1154 01:12:11,240 --> 01:12:14,479 Speaker 1: order for stuff to get done. So if you were 1155 01:12:14,479 --> 01:12:18,639 Speaker 1: trying to run an older Macintosh program on a power 1156 01:12:18,680 --> 01:12:22,800 Speaker 1: PC Macintosh, you had to have an emulator. This is 1157 01:12:22,840 --> 01:12:28,040 Speaker 1: a piece of software that simulates the way other hardware runs. 1158 01:12:28,160 --> 01:12:30,960 Speaker 1: You might remember I did one an episode all about 1159 01:12:31,040 --> 01:12:34,759 Speaker 1: video game emulators. The same thing is true for operating 1160 01:12:34,760 --> 01:12:39,400 Speaker 1: system emulators or chip emulators. So you had this software 1161 01:12:39,640 --> 01:12:43,880 Speaker 1: that was replicating the way old Motorola chips ran, but 1162 01:12:44,000 --> 01:12:47,000 Speaker 1: it would allow the software to run on a power 1163 01:12:47,040 --> 01:12:51,320 Speaker 1: PC processor computer. In other words, you just had to 1164 01:12:51,360 --> 01:12:53,559 Speaker 1: have this other piece of software to kind of act 1165 01:12:53,600 --> 01:12:56,840 Speaker 1: as an interpreter so that you could get stuff done 1166 01:12:56,960 --> 01:12:59,720 Speaker 1: on your new machine. Now, the good news was the 1167 01:12:59,760 --> 01:13:03,320 Speaker 1: power PC's were so powerful, these power macs, as they 1168 01:13:03,360 --> 01:13:07,360 Speaker 1: came to be called, we're so powerful that it didn't 1169 01:13:07,439 --> 01:13:11,880 Speaker 1: slow down the processing of these older Mac programs. So 1170 01:13:11,960 --> 01:13:17,280 Speaker 1: the emulator wasn't so processor heavy that it was impacting 1171 01:13:17,320 --> 01:13:19,559 Speaker 1: the way the program ran. It would actually run more 1172 01:13:19,600 --> 01:13:23,439 Speaker 1: smoothly on these power PC programs or power Pc machines 1173 01:13:23,720 --> 01:13:26,160 Speaker 1: than they would on the older Motorola machines. So that 1174 01:13:26,240 --> 01:13:29,560 Speaker 1: was a good story. Right. You don't want your emulator 1175 01:13:29,600 --> 01:13:32,680 Speaker 1: to slow stuff down, because then people get the implication 1176 01:13:32,760 --> 01:13:35,879 Speaker 1: that the brand new computer they just bought is slower 1177 01:13:35,880 --> 01:13:39,679 Speaker 1: than their old computer. That's a bad thing. So luckily 1178 01:13:40,520 --> 01:13:44,280 Speaker 1: the emulator ran really efficiently and it didn't slow things down. 1179 01:13:46,680 --> 01:13:49,200 Speaker 1: That's when things kind of went bonkers over at Apple. 1180 01:13:49,720 --> 01:13:53,160 Speaker 1: For the first time ever, Apple licensed other companies to 1181 01:13:53,240 --> 01:13:58,680 Speaker 1: allow them to bring Macintosh compatible machines to market, so 1182 01:13:58,800 --> 01:14:02,400 Speaker 1: this was the era of the mac Clone. They allowed 1183 01:14:02,400 --> 01:14:05,920 Speaker 1: other companies to license the hardware and software and make 1184 01:14:05,960 --> 01:14:09,160 Speaker 1: their own versions of the Macintosh computer, although they would 1185 01:14:09,320 --> 01:14:12,519 Speaker 1: be called different things. Uh. This, by the way, ignores 1186 01:14:12,560 --> 01:14:14,880 Speaker 1: the fact that PowerBook one hundred was built by Sony, 1187 01:14:14,920 --> 01:14:18,240 Speaker 1: but that was built by Sony for Apple. In this case, 1188 01:14:18,400 --> 01:14:21,679 Speaker 1: I'm not talking about companies that were building machines for Apple. 1189 01:14:22,000 --> 01:14:24,559 Speaker 1: I'm talking about companies that would license the technology to 1190 01:14:24,640 --> 01:14:28,000 Speaker 1: build their own version of the Macintosh and sell it 1191 01:14:28,040 --> 01:14:32,719 Speaker 1: to consumers. The first was the Radius System one hundred 1192 01:14:32,960 --> 01:14:35,439 Speaker 1: from a company called Radius, and it was similar to 1193 01:14:35,800 --> 01:14:40,439 Speaker 1: Apple's own power mac The specs were very close, but 1194 01:14:40,640 --> 01:14:44,240 Speaker 1: the computer itself was housed in a tower style case, 1195 01:14:44,640 --> 01:14:46,960 Speaker 1: so very different from Apple's approach where they would try 1196 01:14:47,000 --> 01:14:50,040 Speaker 1: and put the monitor and the computer case all in 1197 01:14:50,160 --> 01:14:53,280 Speaker 1: one unit. That was typical for most of Apple's computers, 1198 01:14:53,360 --> 01:14:55,840 Speaker 1: not all of them, but a lot of them. This 1199 01:14:56,240 --> 01:14:58,679 Speaker 1: was totally different. It was more like your standard IBM 1200 01:14:58,800 --> 01:15:02,960 Speaker 1: compatible where you had a tower desktop. So it was 1201 01:15:03,000 --> 01:15:07,960 Speaker 1: a big departure from Apple's aesthetic. Uh, there were other 1202 01:15:08,520 --> 01:15:11,200 Speaker 1: computers that also launched at this time that were clones 1203 01:15:11,240 --> 01:15:13,879 Speaker 1: of the Macintosh, because there were other companies that licensed 1204 01:15:13,880 --> 01:15:18,320 Speaker 1: the technology from Apple, and perhaps Apple was hoping to 1205 01:15:18,479 --> 01:15:20,800 Speaker 1: dominate the market again and make enough money off the 1206 01:15:20,880 --> 01:15:26,599 Speaker 1: licenses to justify their use. Unfortunately, Apple ended up cutting 1207 01:15:26,600 --> 01:15:31,560 Speaker 1: off its nose despite its face. In this case, they 1208 01:15:31,960 --> 01:15:35,439 Speaker 1: licensed the technology to other manufacturers, but that gave companies 1209 01:15:35,479 --> 01:15:40,880 Speaker 1: the opportunity to produce cheaper machines running Apple hardware and software. 1210 01:15:41,200 --> 01:15:43,880 Speaker 1: So you could run Macintosh programs on these computers because 1211 01:15:43,880 --> 01:15:47,720 Speaker 1: they were clones of the mac not physically, but from 1212 01:15:47,720 --> 01:15:51,559 Speaker 1: a hardware and software standpoint, they were, and they were 1213 01:15:51,560 --> 01:15:54,080 Speaker 1: able to sell them for less expensive prices than what 1214 01:15:54,160 --> 01:15:58,040 Speaker 1: Apple was demanding. So Apple ended up undercutting its own 1215 01:15:58,080 --> 01:16:03,000 Speaker 1: sales because it authorized these other users, these other manufacturers, 1216 01:16:03,040 --> 01:16:09,000 Speaker 1: to make Macintosh compatible computers. So why would you go 1217 01:16:09,040 --> 01:16:11,800 Speaker 1: and buy what appears to be an overpriced machine from 1218 01:16:11,840 --> 01:16:14,880 Speaker 1: Apple if you can go to one of its competitors 1219 01:16:14,920 --> 01:16:18,760 Speaker 1: and buy a comparable machine for much less money. If 1220 01:16:18,800 --> 01:16:21,519 Speaker 1: you are a consumer or a business, it makes more 1221 01:16:21,520 --> 01:16:24,439 Speaker 1: sense to go the other route, to go the cheaper route. 1222 01:16:24,760 --> 01:16:28,320 Speaker 1: As long as you're reasonably sure that the machine is 1223 01:16:28,360 --> 01:16:30,960 Speaker 1: a good one, that's what you're gonna do. And in fact, 1224 01:16:31,040 --> 01:16:33,880 Speaker 1: that's what Apple saw. They saw a lot of consumers 1225 01:16:34,240 --> 01:16:37,120 Speaker 1: going to these competitors rather than going to Apple. Now, 1226 01:16:37,560 --> 01:16:40,479 Speaker 1: one benefit was that they had a lot more people 1227 01:16:41,360 --> 01:16:46,520 Speaker 1: buying into the Apple ecosystem, But because Apple wasn't controlling 1228 01:16:46,560 --> 01:16:49,240 Speaker 1: that hardware, they weren't seeing any money off of it, 1229 01:16:49,600 --> 01:16:53,240 Speaker 1: besides that initial licensing fee that they charged companies in 1230 01:16:53,360 --> 01:16:58,040 Speaker 1: order to produce these clones. So in the long run, 1231 01:16:58,840 --> 01:17:02,680 Speaker 1: it ended up hurting Apple. It was hurting their sales, 1232 01:17:03,439 --> 01:17:06,040 Speaker 1: although it did mean that more people were getting familiar 1233 01:17:06,080 --> 01:17:11,360 Speaker 1: with the Macintosh program and the Macintosh platform because suddenly 1234 01:17:11,360 --> 01:17:14,360 Speaker 1: they could afford a Macintosh, even though it wasn't an 1235 01:17:14,400 --> 01:17:19,519 Speaker 1: official Apple Macintosh. This is one of those decisions that 1236 01:17:20,280 --> 01:17:23,760 Speaker 1: Apple executives today probably look back on and shake their 1237 01:17:23,760 --> 01:17:28,080 Speaker 1: heads and mumble about it, because it really affected profits 1238 01:17:28,120 --> 01:17:31,559 Speaker 1: over at Apple by Apple was looking for the next 1239 01:17:31,600 --> 01:17:35,160 Speaker 1: generation of operating systems because Pink didn't work out. So 1240 01:17:35,240 --> 01:17:37,920 Speaker 1: they said, we need a next generation operating system. Our 1241 01:17:38,000 --> 01:17:41,360 Speaker 1: system series is starting to show its age. We need 1242 01:17:41,439 --> 01:17:44,560 Speaker 1: a new operating system. But to spend the money and 1243 01:17:44,640 --> 01:17:47,559 Speaker 1: time to develop an in house is not really practical. 1244 01:17:47,600 --> 01:17:50,519 Speaker 1: So they started looking outside the company and saying, well, 1245 01:17:50,520 --> 01:17:53,280 Speaker 1: what else is out there that maybe we could acquire 1246 01:17:53,880 --> 01:17:58,720 Speaker 1: and then use in future Macintosh computers. They looked at 1247 01:17:58,720 --> 01:18:02,960 Speaker 1: two different companies, and here's the funny thing. Each of 1248 01:18:03,000 --> 01:18:08,240 Speaker 1: those companies was founded by a former Apple executive. The 1249 01:18:08,360 --> 01:18:13,920 Speaker 1: first company was b Incorporated. That's b E Inc. And 1250 01:18:14,000 --> 01:18:18,679 Speaker 1: they created the bos or bios if you prefer. This 1251 01:18:18,720 --> 01:18:23,200 Speaker 1: company was founded by Jean Louis Gass, so remember the 1252 01:18:23,240 --> 01:18:25,719 Speaker 1: head of product development from a few years ago who 1253 01:18:25,760 --> 01:18:31,120 Speaker 1: stepped down. The other big contender was next Step, the 1254 01:18:31,240 --> 01:18:33,920 Speaker 1: next Step operating system, which was from a company called 1255 01:18:33,960 --> 01:18:40,599 Speaker 1: next and that company was founded by drumroll please Steve Jobs. 1256 01:18:42,040 --> 01:18:44,960 Speaker 1: So once again you had guess a versus Jobs with 1257 01:18:45,080 --> 01:18:48,760 Speaker 1: the two operating systems that could potentially power the next 1258 01:18:48,800 --> 01:18:55,120 Speaker 1: generation of Macintosh computers. Now ultimately, spoiler alert, Apple decided 1259 01:18:55,120 --> 01:18:58,720 Speaker 1: that they would go Next. They decided against Bios and 1260 01:18:58,760 --> 01:19:02,120 Speaker 1: decided the next step was the operating system they wanted. 1261 01:19:02,200 --> 01:19:05,800 Speaker 1: So instead of setting up a licensing deal, they did 1262 01:19:05,840 --> 01:19:09,640 Speaker 1: something a little different. They didn't just license the technology 1263 01:19:09,680 --> 01:19:14,479 Speaker 1: from Next, they acquired Next. They spent a lot of 1264 01:19:14,520 --> 01:19:18,679 Speaker 1: money doing it too. They spent nearly four hundred thirty 1265 01:19:18,760 --> 01:19:22,479 Speaker 1: million dollars on the purchase, and they threw in one 1266 01:19:22,479 --> 01:19:25,799 Speaker 1: and a half million shares of Apple stock as well. 1267 01:19:26,280 --> 01:19:29,520 Speaker 1: Now keep in mind Apple stock at this point was suffering, 1268 01:19:30,120 --> 01:19:32,120 Speaker 1: but it was one and a half million shares. If 1269 01:19:32,120 --> 01:19:35,320 Speaker 1: they could turn things around, and spoiler alert, they totally did, 1270 01:19:35,800 --> 01:19:38,479 Speaker 1: that million and a half shares of Apple would be 1271 01:19:38,520 --> 01:19:43,240 Speaker 1: worth way more money. So Steve Jobs came along as 1272 01:19:43,280 --> 01:19:45,439 Speaker 1: part of this part of the deal. They essentially bought 1273 01:19:45,479 --> 01:19:48,759 Speaker 1: Steve Jobs back to Apple because he was the founder 1274 01:19:48,760 --> 01:19:51,280 Speaker 1: of Next and he was part of that company, so 1275 01:19:51,320 --> 01:19:55,160 Speaker 1: they acquired the company. Steve Jobs comes on so he 1276 01:19:55,200 --> 01:19:59,600 Speaker 1: would return to Apple after a very long hiatus or 1277 01:20:00,040 --> 01:20:03,920 Speaker 1: as he might refer to it as banishment, and he 1278 01:20:04,120 --> 01:20:07,760 Speaker 1: returned initially as a consultant. But Apple was reeling. The 1279 01:20:07,800 --> 01:20:11,240 Speaker 1: stock price had hit a twelve year low and the 1280 01:20:11,280 --> 01:20:14,840 Speaker 1: board of directors had decided eventually that they needed to 1281 01:20:14,880 --> 01:20:18,240 Speaker 1: replace gil Emilio, and in fact, there was one person 1282 01:20:18,439 --> 01:20:21,280 Speaker 1: who was really arguing for this, and that person was 1283 01:20:22,560 --> 01:20:25,839 Speaker 1: Steve Jobs. So Steve Jobs goes to the board directors 1284 01:20:25,880 --> 01:20:29,080 Speaker 1: and says, hey, you are in real trouble. The decisions 1285 01:20:29,120 --> 01:20:30,640 Speaker 1: that have have been made over the past few years have 1286 01:20:30,720 --> 01:20:33,160 Speaker 1: been disastrous for this company and they are leading it 1287 01:20:33,240 --> 01:20:36,320 Speaker 1: to the brink of bankruptcy. You gotta get rid of 1288 01:20:36,400 --> 01:20:39,120 Speaker 1: gil Emilio. And the board of directors agreed, and they 1289 01:20:39,120 --> 01:20:42,960 Speaker 1: put Steve Jobs in charge as interim CEO. But that 1290 01:20:43,080 --> 01:20:47,519 Speaker 1: stas wentn't last. Steve Jobs would eventually become the actual CEO, 1291 01:20:47,680 --> 01:20:51,280 Speaker 1: not just an interim CEO, and would end up taking 1292 01:20:51,320 --> 01:20:54,840 Speaker 1: control of the company he had co founded a couple 1293 01:20:54,880 --> 01:20:59,080 Speaker 1: of decades earlier. And uh yeah, it was a total 1294 01:20:59,160 --> 01:21:02,800 Speaker 1: different story Apple from that point forward. But that's the 1295 01:21:02,840 --> 01:21:06,360 Speaker 1: tale for another episode for part three of the Mic 1296 01:21:06,520 --> 01:21:10,479 Speaker 1: of the Microsoft. For Part three of the Macintosh Story 1297 01:21:11,000 --> 01:21:14,559 Speaker 1: other m, my brain don't work, but yes, in part 1298 01:21:14,600 --> 01:21:17,599 Speaker 1: three we will talk about Steve Jobs return, how he 1299 01:21:17,880 --> 01:21:22,240 Speaker 1: transformed the Macintosh line yet again and leading up to 1300 01:21:22,520 --> 01:21:25,800 Speaker 1: the max that you would find in stores today. So 1301 01:21:25,880 --> 01:21:29,000 Speaker 1: that will be part three. Uh, that'll that should bring 1302 01:21:29,120 --> 01:21:32,040 Speaker 1: us up to date. I imagine unless I come across 1303 01:21:32,040 --> 01:21:34,639 Speaker 1: the story that's so incredible it takes yet another full 1304 01:21:34,680 --> 01:21:38,000 Speaker 1: part by itself. In the meantime, if you guys have 1305 01:21:38,080 --> 01:21:42,000 Speaker 1: any suggestions for future episode topics or for guests I 1306 01:21:42,040 --> 01:21:46,040 Speaker 1: should have on the show, either as a guest host 1307 01:21:46,520 --> 01:21:50,639 Speaker 1: or an interview subject, let me know. Send me an email. 1308 01:21:50,720 --> 01:21:54,320 Speaker 1: My email address for the show is text stuff at 1309 01:21:54,600 --> 01:21:59,080 Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com. I keep getting emails sent 1310 01:21:59,200 --> 01:22:01,759 Speaker 1: to the genera at how stuff works dot com address 1311 01:22:01,840 --> 01:22:04,360 Speaker 1: asking what's the email address for tech Stuff. I only 1312 01:22:04,400 --> 01:22:06,360 Speaker 1: say it at the end of every episode. It just 1313 01:22:06,439 --> 01:22:08,720 Speaker 1: tells me that you stop listening when I get to 1314 01:22:08,760 --> 01:22:11,760 Speaker 1: this part. Don't do that. Listen to the end tech 1315 01:22:11,840 --> 01:22:14,080 Speaker 1: Stuff at how stuff works dot com, or you can 1316 01:22:14,160 --> 01:22:17,640 Speaker 1: drop me a line on the social media's like Twitters 1317 01:22:17,960 --> 01:22:21,200 Speaker 1: and the facebooks at both of those. The show's handle 1318 01:22:21,360 --> 01:22:24,640 Speaker 1: is tech Stuff H s W and I'll talk to 1319 01:22:24,640 --> 01:22:34,000 Speaker 1: you again really soon for more on this and thousands 1320 01:22:34,000 --> 01:22:46,000 Speaker 1: of other topics. Because at staff works dot com,