1
00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:03,720
Speaker 1: Hi friends, it's me Josh, and for this week's s

2
00:00:03,840 --> 00:00:06,960
Speaker 1: Y s K Select, I've chosen our episode on amnesia.

3
00:00:07,120 --> 00:00:09,680
Speaker 1: I'm not gonna make any sort of joke here. You

4
00:00:09,720 --> 00:00:13,039
Speaker 1: can just insert your own instead. I will describe this

5
00:00:13,080 --> 00:00:16,960
Speaker 1: as a great, thick episode that um is about an

6
00:00:17,000 --> 00:00:20,720
Speaker 1: astoundingly interesting topic. And it's one of those topics where

7
00:00:21,320 --> 00:00:25,479
Speaker 1: the movies actually get their depictions of this stuff right,

8
00:00:25,640 --> 00:00:29,400
Speaker 1: because amnesia is just that bizarre. So sit in, buckle

9
00:00:29,520 --> 00:00:32,680
Speaker 1: up and listen to this, possibly again, possibly for the

10
00:00:32,720 --> 00:00:38,280
Speaker 1: first time. Who can remember these things? Sorry? Welcome to

11
00:00:38,280 --> 00:00:40,920
Speaker 1: Stuff You Should Know, a production of My Heart Radios

12
00:00:40,960 --> 00:00:49,159
Speaker 1: How Stuff Works. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm

13
00:00:49,240 --> 00:00:52,360
Speaker 1: Josh Clark and there's Charles w Chuck Bryant and Jerry

14
00:00:52,400 --> 00:00:58,120
Speaker 1: and uh, it's Stuff you Should Know the Rodeo. Yeah. Ironically,

15
00:00:58,160 --> 00:01:01,480
Speaker 1: I asked if we've done a podcast on memory, and

16
00:01:01,520 --> 00:01:04,800
Speaker 1: neither one of us could remember. And I'm looking it

17
00:01:04,880 --> 00:01:07,720
Speaker 1: up on our site and I don't see it anywhere.

18
00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:10,520
Speaker 1: I gotta feel like it doesn't necessarily mean it doesn't anything.

19
00:01:11,000 --> 00:01:14,840
Speaker 1: It's tough now with six and thirty forty plus, Yeah,

20
00:01:14,880 --> 00:01:17,520
Speaker 1: I mean, we'll like delve into a subject, but it's

21
00:01:17,520 --> 00:01:20,960
Speaker 1: not necessarily what the whole podcast is about. And every

22
00:01:20,959 --> 00:01:22,880
Speaker 1: once while we come up with one of those stupid

23
00:01:23,000 --> 00:01:27,120
Speaker 1: non how X works titles, so that just throws it

24
00:01:27,160 --> 00:01:30,560
Speaker 1: off even further. Right, Like we may have like named

25
00:01:30,560 --> 00:01:36,080
Speaker 1: it like a a podcast to remember boom boom mnemonic

26
00:01:36,200 --> 00:01:40,360
Speaker 1: device bitching. Yeah, we totally did one on memory. Wow,

27
00:01:40,440 --> 00:01:44,240
Speaker 1: good job, thank you. That was real time. I just

28
00:01:44,280 --> 00:01:47,560
Speaker 1: worked it out all right. Well, we're definitely gonna go

29
00:01:47,600 --> 00:01:50,000
Speaker 1: over memory some because you can't talk about amnesia without

30
00:01:50,040 --> 00:01:53,720
Speaker 1: talking about memory, so we'll just you know, reinforce that knowledge.

31
00:01:54,120 --> 00:01:56,360
Speaker 1: I'm excited about this one. I thought it was pretty good.

32
00:01:57,400 --> 00:02:03,400
Speaker 1: Amnesia's uh sometimes it's like TV and movies, but not usually,

33
00:02:04,560 --> 00:02:07,840
Speaker 1: Uh it can be. Yeah, but yeah, that's a very

34
00:02:07,920 --> 00:02:12,720
Speaker 1: rare case. So rare that, um, whoever has that kind

35
00:02:12,760 --> 00:02:16,440
Speaker 1: of amnesia gets to be the intro for our podcasts.

36
00:02:17,320 --> 00:02:22,440
Speaker 1: Who a guy named Clive Wearing? Yeah? Man, this dude, Yeah,

37
00:02:22,639 --> 00:02:24,679
Speaker 1: I feel sorry for him. Did you see the cover

38
00:02:24,760 --> 00:02:27,239
Speaker 1: of the book. He has this look at his face

39
00:02:27,320 --> 00:02:30,840
Speaker 1: like what are you doing? That's because he wakes up

40
00:02:30,840 --> 00:02:34,320
Speaker 1: again every twenty seconds and goes what just happened? Yeah,

41
00:02:34,360 --> 00:02:37,160
Speaker 1: there's a poor man named Clive wearing. He's a musician

42
00:02:37,160 --> 00:02:41,800
Speaker 1: and a musicologist, and he is the He is the

43
00:02:41,840 --> 00:02:46,519
Speaker 1: man with the world's poorest memory, which means Oliver Sacks

44
00:02:46,680 --> 00:02:50,639
Speaker 1: sleeps on his couch. Yeah you know, um, and he

45
00:02:50,919 --> 00:02:56,280
Speaker 1: has a memory that refreshes itself every few seconds. He

46
00:02:56,320 --> 00:03:00,000
Speaker 1: comes out and goes, who's that guy on my couch? Yeah,

47
00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:02,840
Speaker 1: and he goes, I'm Oliver Sacks. And he goes, oh, hey, Oliver,

48
00:03:03,080 --> 00:03:05,480
Speaker 1: tattooed on your forearm. And then he goes, Oliver, what

49
00:03:05,520 --> 00:03:08,600
Speaker 1: are you doing here? That's how it is. But it

50
00:03:08,639 --> 00:03:11,760
Speaker 1: refreshes like that. So um, this guy, Uh, there was

51
00:03:11,800 --> 00:03:14,560
Speaker 1: a New Yorker profile in him. That conger who wrote

52
00:03:14,560 --> 00:03:18,720
Speaker 1: this article um cites saying that eating an apple is

53
00:03:18,800 --> 00:03:20,840
Speaker 1: kind of like a magic trick to this guy. Like

54
00:03:21,040 --> 00:03:23,519
Speaker 1: one second, like he's got the apple in his hand

55
00:03:23,520 --> 00:03:26,440
Speaker 1: and it's intact, and then he'll look down again and

56
00:03:26,480 --> 00:03:29,120
Speaker 1: it's just the core. A few seconds later, he has

57
00:03:29,520 --> 00:03:33,560
Speaker 1: no memory whatsoever of eating the apple. Um, he may

58
00:03:33,800 --> 00:03:38,880
Speaker 1: not even he probably he doesn't remember getting the apple, right,

59
00:03:38,920 --> 00:03:40,960
Speaker 1: He just knows there's an apple core in his hand now,

60
00:03:41,960 --> 00:03:45,560
Speaker 1: so he must have eaten it. Yeah, his uh. And

61
00:03:45,600 --> 00:03:47,920
Speaker 1: we'll go over this later he has a journaling system

62
00:03:47,920 --> 00:03:50,400
Speaker 1: because you kind of have to. Um, like in the

63
00:03:50,440 --> 00:03:54,600
Speaker 1: movie Memento, uh, and it had some excerpts and it

64
00:03:54,640 --> 00:03:57,640
Speaker 1: was literally like nine o five woke up, feeling refreshed,

65
00:03:58,080 --> 00:04:02,200
Speaker 1: nine oh eight, completely awake, now feeling really good nine

66
00:04:02,240 --> 00:04:05,240
Speaker 1: tin I am fully awake at this point. And he

67
00:04:05,320 --> 00:04:09,000
Speaker 1: scratches through previous entries just to to keep track right

68
00:04:09,080 --> 00:04:10,720
Speaker 1: on where he is in the day. And then it

69
00:04:10,800 --> 00:04:12,880
Speaker 1: takes like a really jarring turn. Once in a while,

70
00:04:12,880 --> 00:04:15,960
Speaker 1: I'll be like n twelve, I no longer trust my wife. Yeah,

71
00:04:16,040 --> 00:04:19,000
Speaker 1: there's some weird guy on my couch here. She's out

72
00:04:19,040 --> 00:04:23,720
Speaker 1: to get me. She could really mess with this guy. Yeah,

73
00:04:23,760 --> 00:04:26,680
Speaker 1: you know, she could be like Joey Pants and Memento. Yeah.

74
00:04:26,720 --> 00:04:28,440
Speaker 1: I mean, how many times in an argument do I

75
00:04:28,440 --> 00:04:30,960
Speaker 1: s I don't know what you're talking about. That would

76
00:04:30,960 --> 00:04:32,479
Speaker 1: be so great if that was actually affecting. I mean,

77
00:04:32,520 --> 00:04:35,479
Speaker 1: an argument would just stop after a few seconds, would

78
00:04:35,520 --> 00:04:38,760
Speaker 1: be like, but that would be one of the horrible

79
00:04:39,120 --> 00:04:42,480
Speaker 1: side effects sure of having m nisa, like Clive wearing

80
00:04:42,520 --> 00:04:46,440
Speaker 1: has UM. Imagine coming to and you're a genneral and

81
00:04:46,520 --> 00:04:49,359
Speaker 1: still pumping, and you feel the sensation of anger. You

82
00:04:49,400 --> 00:04:53,040
Speaker 1: have no idea. Why. Yeah, that that is what happens

83
00:04:53,080 --> 00:04:56,240
Speaker 1: to this guy. Yeah, so we should say that. Um,

84
00:04:56,279 --> 00:04:59,800
Speaker 1: he's not just like a a walking noodle like he

85
00:05:00,040 --> 00:05:03,640
Speaker 1: does have some memories. He has Uh. He has the

86
00:05:03,680 --> 00:05:07,400
Speaker 1: ability to still play the piano, which is amazing. He

87
00:05:07,560 --> 00:05:11,200
Speaker 1: was an accomplished piano player. Um, but he can he

88
00:05:11,200 --> 00:05:13,320
Speaker 1: can play the piano if you ask him to, and

89
00:05:13,320 --> 00:05:16,240
Speaker 1: he'll play it well. But then when he finishes, you

90
00:05:16,279 --> 00:05:18,160
Speaker 1: can say, oh, what was that piece? And he will

91
00:05:18,200 --> 00:05:23,000
Speaker 1: say what peace? And that's that. Yeah. He he has

92
00:05:23,040 --> 00:05:26,719
Speaker 1: both retrograde and in tarro grade amnesia, which is pretty

93
00:05:26,800 --> 00:05:29,919
Speaker 1: rare to have both of those at once. Um, and

94
00:05:29,960 --> 00:05:34,239
Speaker 1: what we'll get to what all that means. But uh,

95
00:05:34,320 --> 00:05:36,920
Speaker 1: and we'll get to why as well that he can

96
00:05:36,960 --> 00:05:38,640
Speaker 1: go make a cup of coffee. We're going to get

97
00:05:38,680 --> 00:05:44,080
Speaker 1: to it. You know, we already have. Oh that's a

98
00:05:44,200 --> 00:05:47,320
Speaker 1: nice tease. Apparently one of the symptoms that he first

99
00:05:47,360 --> 00:05:50,400
Speaker 1: exhibited was he couldn't remember his daughter's name, though really

100
00:05:51,080 --> 00:05:53,680
Speaker 1: one of his earliest symptoms was the headache. And then

101
00:05:54,120 --> 00:05:56,719
Speaker 1: all of a sudden, he's like, what's your name kid? Right?

102
00:05:56,839 --> 00:06:00,480
Speaker 1: And then he thought maybe something's not right here. Well,

103
00:06:00,480 --> 00:06:02,279
Speaker 1: and this is one of the things about amnesia that

104
00:06:02,279 --> 00:06:06,159
Speaker 1: it's different for everyone, and it's all dependent on uh,

105
00:06:06,160 --> 00:06:09,400
Speaker 1: what happened to you and the extent of whatever damage

106
00:06:09,400 --> 00:06:11,920
Speaker 1: you may have suffered. Right, And even two people who

107
00:06:11,960 --> 00:06:15,680
Speaker 1: have identical types of amnesia, it's going to be different

108
00:06:15,680 --> 00:06:19,400
Speaker 1: for them. And here's why memory is different for everybody. Exactly,

109
00:06:19,520 --> 00:06:24,800
Speaker 1: we all four memories following similar um constructs. But for

110
00:06:24,839 --> 00:06:30,400
Speaker 1: each individual person, what we remember, what makes us remember something, um,

111
00:06:30,480 --> 00:06:34,760
Speaker 1: all of that is highly individualized, highly personalized, so much

112
00:06:34,800 --> 00:06:38,640
Speaker 1: so that, Chuck, have you ever wondered if we all

113
00:06:38,680 --> 00:06:44,320
Speaker 1: see the color green the same? No, you've never wondered. Now,

114
00:06:44,360 --> 00:06:46,880
Speaker 1: I never wondered that, but now I am, And it's fascinating.

115
00:06:47,680 --> 00:06:51,440
Speaker 1: You haven't never wondered that? Really? Oh yeah, like if

116
00:06:51,600 --> 00:06:54,360
Speaker 1: like our visual cues are subjective, well, I mean, like

117
00:06:54,560 --> 00:06:57,479
Speaker 1: I see green and you see green and it's similar.

118
00:06:57,520 --> 00:07:01,080
Speaker 1: But haven't you ever wondered if like the shade is

119
00:07:01,080 --> 00:07:04,000
Speaker 1: slightly different or I never wondered that just because of

120
00:07:04,000 --> 00:07:06,560
Speaker 1: our the information coming to our optic terms, our eyes

121
00:07:06,560 --> 00:07:09,720
Speaker 1: are slightly different, Like all of those little nuances, like

122
00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:13,160
Speaker 1: what's green to me? It's not necessarily green to you,

123
00:07:13,320 --> 00:07:17,000
Speaker 1: even though it really is because we both say lights green. Yeah,

124
00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:18,440
Speaker 1: but there if you think about there will be no

125
00:07:18,440 --> 00:07:21,600
Speaker 1: way to really describe that because if it's all subjective,

126
00:07:22,320 --> 00:07:23,960
Speaker 1: what do you say? Green is like a combination of

127
00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:26,080
Speaker 1: these two colors? Like, but what are those two colors? Yeah,

128
00:07:26,120 --> 00:07:28,000
Speaker 1: it's easier to just point and be like that's green.

129
00:07:28,480 --> 00:07:30,560
Speaker 1: You go, now that's not green. Yeah, we should do

130
00:07:30,560 --> 00:07:32,280
Speaker 1: one on color blindness. I have it on the list,

131
00:07:32,320 --> 00:07:36,920
Speaker 1: but it's, um pretty tough, believe it or not. I did. Uh,

132
00:07:37,000 --> 00:07:40,680
Speaker 1: don't be dumb on color blindness. Dogs being color blind? Right,

133
00:07:41,240 --> 00:07:46,360
Speaker 1: they're not. They're not. No, No, they see how to

134
00:07:46,400 --> 00:07:49,960
Speaker 1: prove that they see a spectrum? I can't remember. You'll

135
00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:53,000
Speaker 1: have to watch. They don't be dumb on it. Um. Okay,

136
00:07:53,000 --> 00:07:57,200
Speaker 1: So let's talk about the memory process that humans typically follow,

137
00:07:57,480 --> 00:08:00,680
Speaker 1: even though it is highly individualized. Yeah, there's a couple

138
00:08:00,720 --> 00:08:03,200
Speaker 1: of types of memory we all know and love as

139
00:08:03,320 --> 00:08:09,440
Speaker 1: short term and long term. Um. If you long short

140
00:08:09,560 --> 00:08:11,640
Speaker 1: term is good because you remember what you want and

141
00:08:11,640 --> 00:08:13,200
Speaker 1: you get rid of what you don't if you if

142
00:08:13,200 --> 00:08:17,160
Speaker 1: you didn't, you would be like Mary lou Henterer from Taxi.

143
00:08:17,600 --> 00:08:20,280
Speaker 1: Oh did she have like an amazing memory? She has

144
00:08:20,320 --> 00:08:22,720
Speaker 1: a condition that only another dozen people have in the

145
00:08:22,760 --> 00:08:28,880
Speaker 1: US called h Sam highly superior autobiographical memory. And they

146
00:08:28,960 --> 00:08:31,120
Speaker 1: just discovered it in two thousand six period, not just

147
00:08:31,200 --> 00:08:34,520
Speaker 1: in her. And it's only autobiographical, though, but for these people,

148
00:08:35,520 --> 00:08:42,440
Speaker 1: you say June one, six and Merrily Lou Henner can go, oh, well,

149
00:08:42,440 --> 00:08:44,679
Speaker 1: that was an off day for taxi. We weren't shooting,

150
00:08:45,040 --> 00:08:47,360
Speaker 1: and I went shopping at Sacks and bought the scarf

151
00:08:47,640 --> 00:08:51,280
Speaker 1: and had a cop salad. And uh, like I said,

152
00:08:51,320 --> 00:08:54,680
Speaker 1: though it's only autobiographical, they can't necessarily remember like everything,

153
00:08:55,280 --> 00:08:58,920
Speaker 1: just about details of their life. But it's just nuts,

154
00:08:58,960 --> 00:09:01,880
Speaker 1: Like she literally members everything that's ever happened to her.

155
00:09:02,320 --> 00:09:06,680
Speaker 1: So that's cool that she remembers that cops salad because

156
00:09:06,720 --> 00:09:09,160
Speaker 1: it was probably pretty good, pretty tough to screw up

157
00:09:09,160 --> 00:09:14,440
Speaker 1: the cops salad. Uh, Sacks trip. That's fun. So that's good.

158
00:09:14,800 --> 00:09:18,640
Speaker 1: But if she were if she had um a low

159
00:09:18,800 --> 00:09:23,360
Speaker 1: lighting inhibition where all of the things like the click

160
00:09:23,440 --> 00:09:29,680
Speaker 1: of of UM, a lightbulb turning on, the buzzing from

161
00:09:29,720 --> 00:09:33,160
Speaker 1: somebody's electric razor next door, the sound of water rushing,

162
00:09:33,200 --> 00:09:35,960
Speaker 1: the look of everything, the feel of everything, all of

163
00:09:36,000 --> 00:09:38,560
Speaker 1: that information was coming in and flooding her memory and

164
00:09:38,640 --> 00:09:42,200
Speaker 1: asking for her attention to crazy. Yeah. So one of

165
00:09:42,240 --> 00:09:46,040
Speaker 1: the roles of short term memory, specifically the hippocampus, is

166
00:09:46,080 --> 00:09:49,120
Speaker 1: to say keep that, keep that, throw that away, throw

167
00:09:49,160 --> 00:09:52,120
Speaker 1: that away, throw that away. This one seems kind of important. Oh,

168
00:09:52,200 --> 00:09:54,920
Speaker 1: this one has an emotion attached. We definitely need to

169
00:09:55,000 --> 00:09:57,319
Speaker 1: keep that. That's what's going on with short term memory.

170
00:09:57,320 --> 00:10:00,880
Speaker 1: Apparently we keep about seven pieces of informa ation up

171
00:10:00,920 --> 00:10:05,160
Speaker 1: to thirty seconds, which sounds to me like a statement

172
00:10:05,360 --> 00:10:08,640
Speaker 1: that is going to be utterly debunked as ridiculous in

173
00:10:08,679 --> 00:10:11,960
Speaker 1: ten years. You understand memory more for the time being.

174
00:10:11,960 --> 00:10:14,160
Speaker 1: That's our concept of short term memory. It does seem

175
00:10:14,160 --> 00:10:17,040
Speaker 1: sort of like a stab. Yeah, a stab at something.

176
00:10:17,160 --> 00:10:21,880
Speaker 1: It's overly concise. Yeah, you know, agreed. So that's short

177
00:10:21,960 --> 00:10:25,760
Speaker 1: term memory and short term memories basically just holding immediate

178
00:10:25,800 --> 00:10:31,000
Speaker 1: information in the front of your mind, um figure totively

179
00:10:31,040 --> 00:10:36,880
Speaker 1: in literally yeah. Uh. And if it's sorted, it's sorted

180
00:10:36,880 --> 00:10:41,600
Speaker 1: into long term memory. That's right. How we store memories,

181
00:10:41,600 --> 00:10:44,320
Speaker 1: how we make memories. The first thing that happens is

182
00:10:44,360 --> 00:10:49,480
Speaker 1: we have something called sensory memories. So you see a uh,

183
00:10:49,800 --> 00:10:54,120
Speaker 1: you hear josh past gas, and you hear a sound.

184
00:10:54,280 --> 00:10:57,640
Speaker 1: You might smell something you would not hear that. That's true,

185
00:10:57,840 --> 00:11:00,720
Speaker 1: you're an sp D guy. Uh. Or Let's say you

186
00:11:00,720 --> 00:11:02,960
Speaker 1: see a strawberry and you taste the strawberry and you

187
00:11:03,000 --> 00:11:04,480
Speaker 1: see what it looks like, that it's red, and you

188
00:11:04,520 --> 00:11:09,080
Speaker 1: taste it and you know it's tart. Those are sensory memories,

189
00:11:09,120 --> 00:11:12,600
Speaker 1: and our nerve cells detect that. They send that as

190
00:11:12,640 --> 00:11:15,880
Speaker 1: an electrical electrical impulse along to the end of a

191
00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:20,600
Speaker 1: nerve um. It turns on the little neurotransmitter, which sends

192
00:11:20,600 --> 00:11:23,720
Speaker 1: a chemical message that hops. We've talked about synapses, those

193
00:11:23,760 --> 00:11:28,800
Speaker 1: gaps between nerve cells. The neurotransmitter sends it across that

194
00:11:28,840 --> 00:11:32,439
Speaker 1: little great divide to the neuron, which is your brain cell,

195
00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:38,040
Speaker 1: and immediately your brain registers that as a short term memory. Uh.

196
00:11:38,080 --> 00:11:40,000
Speaker 1: And whether or not it becomes a long term memory

197
00:11:40,640 --> 00:11:43,240
Speaker 1: is whether or not you need to remember that and

198
00:11:43,400 --> 00:11:46,920
Speaker 1: encode it. And that encoding process is what moves it

199
00:11:46,960 --> 00:11:49,120
Speaker 1: to the deep freeze. You know what I'm curious about.

200
00:11:49,160 --> 00:11:51,800
Speaker 1: I wish I thought to look this up. How does

201
00:11:51,880 --> 00:11:56,320
Speaker 1: science quantify the present? Like? Can you as the present?

202
00:11:56,679 --> 00:12:01,720
Speaker 1: You know point eight nanoseconds? Is it the thirty seconds

203
00:12:01,800 --> 00:12:04,920
Speaker 1: that you're you're working memories, chewing on something. I mean,

204
00:12:04,960 --> 00:12:10,440
Speaker 1: how quickly does a sensation or an experience become the past?

205
00:12:11,440 --> 00:12:14,439
Speaker 1: That's nanosecond after it happens, I guess. But why a

206
00:12:14,520 --> 00:12:16,880
Speaker 1: nano second? Why not a micro second? Why not five seconds?

207
00:12:16,960 --> 00:12:20,680
Speaker 1: Whatever the smallest amount of time is. Yeah, technically probably,

208
00:12:20,800 --> 00:12:25,240
Speaker 1: I guess. So that's pretty deep thought though after that, green,

209
00:12:25,920 --> 00:12:31,280
Speaker 1: it's like I took acid earlier. Sweet? Uh so um.

210
00:12:31,400 --> 00:12:34,720
Speaker 1: Encoding for long term memories where we were right, All

211
00:12:34,760 --> 00:12:38,160
Speaker 1: of this stuff is coming to the hippocampus, and the

212
00:12:38,240 --> 00:12:41,640
Speaker 1: hippocampus works in concert with some other parts of the brain,

213
00:12:41,720 --> 00:12:45,400
Speaker 1: the amygdala, the thalamus. The amygdala is big on emotion,

214
00:12:45,960 --> 00:12:50,240
Speaker 1: the thalamus is big on um routing sensory stuff and

215
00:12:50,440 --> 00:12:54,720
Speaker 1: pairing it with emotion. Emotions play a big role in memory, yes,

216
00:12:54,920 --> 00:12:58,839
Speaker 1: because if you pair an experience with an emotion, it's

217
00:12:58,880 --> 00:13:02,040
Speaker 1: going to have that much more of a an impact

218
00:13:02,800 --> 00:13:05,319
Speaker 1: on our neural pathways that are formed. Yeah, that's what

219
00:13:05,440 --> 00:13:08,320
Speaker 1: encoding is. Like the things you remember most, you're you're

220
00:13:08,760 --> 00:13:12,000
Speaker 1: you're basically leaving a trail of bread crumbs along this pathway.

221
00:13:12,400 --> 00:13:15,160
Speaker 1: If you want to retrieve a memory, and the stronger

222
00:13:15,200 --> 00:13:16,679
Speaker 1: like you said, if it's tied to emotion, it might

223
00:13:16,720 --> 00:13:19,080
Speaker 1: be stronger and more reinforced. Or if it's something you

224
00:13:19,120 --> 00:13:22,240
Speaker 1: have to remember a lot, that bread crumb trail is

225
00:13:22,280 --> 00:13:25,880
Speaker 1: going to be with larger pieces of bread. Yeah. The

226
00:13:25,920 --> 00:13:29,480
Speaker 1: more spot, the more times it's traversed, the the more

227
00:13:29,559 --> 00:13:33,840
Speaker 1: well worn the path grows, the stronger that memory is UM.

228
00:13:33,920 --> 00:13:37,320
Speaker 1: And that's that's a UM A mechanism called long term

229
00:13:37,320 --> 00:13:43,199
Speaker 1: potential action where an initial sensory experience becomes a hard

230
00:13:43,360 --> 00:13:46,760
Speaker 1: encoded memory in our long term memory. And you could

231
00:13:46,760 --> 00:13:50,480
Speaker 1: crack open like one of our brains and say, see

232
00:13:50,520 --> 00:13:53,760
Speaker 1: this this neural circuit right here, that's my memory of

233
00:13:53,800 --> 00:13:58,240
Speaker 1: my last birthday. Yeah. See that doughnut that's just there.

234
00:13:58,440 --> 00:14:01,000
Speaker 1: It just started growing a few years ago. I'm waiting

235
00:14:01,040 --> 00:14:03,440
Speaker 1: for it to fully mature before I harvest it. That

236
00:14:03,520 --> 00:14:06,120
Speaker 1: was always a one of the early Simpsons had that.

237
00:14:06,160 --> 00:14:09,280
Speaker 1: I think it showed people's like thought bubbles at one point,

238
00:14:09,360 --> 00:14:11,840
Speaker 1: and Homer's is just a donut. Yeah, that was pretty good.

239
00:14:11,920 --> 00:14:15,120
Speaker 1: I can see that. Uh So, like you said, this

240
00:14:15,240 --> 00:14:17,000
Speaker 1: this is all part of the limbic system. I don't

241
00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:20,320
Speaker 1: think we said that. No, we didn't, which which is uh,

242
00:14:20,400 --> 00:14:24,600
Speaker 1: you know your reward system, you experience emotions through it. Yeah,

243
00:14:24,680 --> 00:14:27,640
Speaker 1: learning memory all that is tied to the limbic system

244
00:14:27,680 --> 00:14:32,680
Speaker 1: and um, are our thoughts are being stored in the

245
00:14:32,720 --> 00:14:38,840
Speaker 1: cerebral cortex? Are I should say, are episode or is

246
00:14:38,840 --> 00:14:42,240
Speaker 1: it our episodic well short term that's in this in

247
00:14:42,280 --> 00:14:46,320
Speaker 1: the cerebral cortex. Yeah, okay, um so if a yeah,

248
00:14:46,360 --> 00:14:50,200
Speaker 1: that's right. Because if you take a specific type of memory,

249
00:14:51,040 --> 00:14:53,680
Speaker 1: which we'll get to in a second, it usually gets

250
00:14:53,680 --> 00:14:56,840
Speaker 1: stored in the region that's responsible for processing it as

251
00:14:56,880 --> 00:14:59,920
Speaker 1: it happens in the first place. So like Broker's area

252
00:15:00,040 --> 00:15:04,920
Speaker 1: responsible for processing language, there's also your your language related

253
00:15:05,000 --> 00:15:08,000
Speaker 1: memories are stored there. Yeah. Yeah, you know the time

254
00:15:08,080 --> 00:15:10,600
Speaker 1: that guy shouted at you in Spanish you didn't know

255
00:15:10,600 --> 00:15:13,560
Speaker 1: what he was saying. You can crack open the Broker's

256
00:15:13,600 --> 00:15:16,120
Speaker 1: area and there it is. Yeah. So the cortex is

257
00:15:16,160 --> 00:15:19,160
Speaker 1: where you temporarily put it. It works with the hippocampus

258
00:15:19,200 --> 00:15:21,960
Speaker 1: to send it to like you said, whatever part of

259
00:15:21,960 --> 00:15:24,600
Speaker 1: the brain. I didn't know that. That's interesting though. It

260
00:15:24,640 --> 00:15:27,920
Speaker 1: lives where it was originated. Mixed total sense. Yeah again,

261
00:15:28,360 --> 00:15:32,359
Speaker 1: I really just I have a feeling that are understanding

262
00:15:32,360 --> 00:15:35,280
Speaker 1: of memory is tenuous enough that like a lot of

263
00:15:35,280 --> 00:15:38,000
Speaker 1: this stuff is going to change in ten years, five years,

264
00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:42,240
Speaker 1: fifteen years, but for the time being, this is our understanding. Well,

265
00:15:42,280 --> 00:15:44,320
Speaker 1: like with anything of the brain, it's just like there's

266
00:15:44,320 --> 00:15:47,040
Speaker 1: still so much mystery, you know, it's shrouded in it

267
00:15:47,200 --> 00:15:50,680
Speaker 1: the gray area. Uh. All right, So there's many types

268
00:15:50,720 --> 00:15:54,120
Speaker 1: of long term memory. Uh. They are as follows, and

269
00:15:54,160 --> 00:15:57,240
Speaker 1: these will come up throughout the show. Your explicit or

270
00:15:57,280 --> 00:16:01,720
Speaker 1: episodic memory is what we do we study for a podcast. Basically,

271
00:16:01,800 --> 00:16:06,640
Speaker 1: it's like facts and information specific stuff. Right, we read it,

272
00:16:06,720 --> 00:16:09,920
Speaker 1: we learn it, we know it. Yeah, cramming for an exam,

273
00:16:09,960 --> 00:16:13,360
Speaker 1: that's how you do it. You've got procedural or implicit Uh.

274
00:16:13,400 --> 00:16:16,160
Speaker 1: These are sensory and motor memories. That's how you know

275
00:16:16,200 --> 00:16:18,680
Speaker 1: how to make a cup of coffee. And it's it's

276
00:16:18,720 --> 00:16:21,000
Speaker 1: like muscle memory. Yeah, it becomes less of memory and

277
00:16:21,040 --> 00:16:23,800
Speaker 1: more something that you've done by repetition over and over.

278
00:16:23,960 --> 00:16:28,880
Speaker 1: That's why, uh, Clive make that cup of coffee, or

279
00:16:28,920 --> 00:16:32,000
Speaker 1: can play the piano. Still, Yeah, he does remember how

280
00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:34,880
Speaker 1: to play the piano. His fingers just do it from

281
00:16:35,120 --> 00:16:38,800
Speaker 1: muscle memory. Right, he doesn't consciously remember. He does have

282
00:16:38,920 --> 00:16:43,960
Speaker 1: procedural memories exactly. Um, you've got semantic memory, which is

283
00:16:44,120 --> 00:16:48,480
Speaker 1: organized and categorized memories. So it's kind of like a

284
00:16:48,520 --> 00:16:53,760
Speaker 1: meta version of type of memory, right, where like you, um,

285
00:16:53,800 --> 00:16:56,880
Speaker 1: if you're thinking about what your favorite bands are something, right,

286
00:16:57,000 --> 00:16:59,160
Speaker 1: you have a file of all the bands you ever

287
00:16:59,240 --> 00:17:01,960
Speaker 1: listened to that and maybe there's a subfolder in that

288
00:17:02,000 --> 00:17:04,920
Speaker 1: file of the ones that you've ever heard that you like, right,

289
00:17:05,520 --> 00:17:08,119
Speaker 1: and all of those are based on your experiences of

290
00:17:08,240 --> 00:17:12,680
Speaker 1: listening to led Zeppelin or you know, um Boogie Down

291
00:17:12,720 --> 00:17:16,560
Speaker 1: Productions or the Carpenters. I can go on. So when

292
00:17:16,560 --> 00:17:19,360
Speaker 1: someone asks you what your favorite band does, you're scrolling

293
00:17:19,400 --> 00:17:22,280
Speaker 1: through that folder, right, and what you're doing is accessing

294
00:17:22,320 --> 00:17:26,040
Speaker 1: your semantic memory. Right. Or you could just say Pavement.

295
00:17:26,240 --> 00:17:28,040
Speaker 1: You could be like, look at the T shirt, but

296
00:17:28,640 --> 00:17:31,600
Speaker 1: you just default and say Pavement and you're good to go.

297
00:17:31,800 --> 00:17:36,320
Speaker 1: Pixies for you, probably, huh uh. Yeah. I would say

298
00:17:36,359 --> 00:17:39,920
Speaker 1: these days, I would go more with Morrissey. Oh yeah, yeah,

299
00:17:40,080 --> 00:17:43,320
Speaker 1: whoa Oh he's always been up there, yeah, nipping at

300
00:17:43,359 --> 00:17:45,720
Speaker 1: the Pixies heels. But I would say Morrisey may have

301
00:17:45,760 --> 00:17:48,040
Speaker 1: taken the lead recently. Yeah, I remember we're hearing the

302
00:17:48,040 --> 00:17:51,920
Speaker 1: Smiths for the first time in like ninth grade, I

303
00:17:52,000 --> 00:17:54,040
Speaker 1: was like, man, who are these guys? They still hold up?

304
00:17:54,680 --> 00:17:57,320
Speaker 1: But if you and if you listen though, it's like, well, no,

305
00:17:57,480 --> 00:18:01,199
Speaker 1: you mean the Smiths. No, I love the Smiths. But

306
00:18:01,800 --> 00:18:05,200
Speaker 1: if you listen to Morrissey's career, like all it was

307
00:18:05,200 --> 00:18:08,520
Speaker 1: was the evolution of Morris. He started with the Smiths

308
00:18:08,520 --> 00:18:11,520
Speaker 1: and he just kept going and he just hit his

309
00:18:11,560 --> 00:18:15,120
Speaker 1: stride even more after the Smiths. Morris even more than

310
00:18:15,119 --> 00:18:19,080
Speaker 1: the Smith's man all right, and it felt good to

311
00:18:19,080 --> 00:18:23,320
Speaker 1: get off my chest. You won't find me dissing Mars

312
00:18:23,640 --> 00:18:27,000
Speaker 1: under any circumstances. Why would. He's the man. So you've

313
00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:30,520
Speaker 1: got emotional long term memory that those are um well

314
00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:34,240
Speaker 1: emotional like superintense memories about something that may have happened

315
00:18:34,280 --> 00:18:37,639
Speaker 1: to you. Uh. And then spatial which are just the

316
00:18:37,680 --> 00:18:40,320
Speaker 1: spacing of an area. I remember that in the dark

317
00:18:40,480 --> 00:18:41,879
Speaker 1: when I go to the bathroom that I have to

318
00:18:41,880 --> 00:18:45,159
Speaker 1: walk around my nightstand. Oh yeah, that's the good one,

319
00:18:45,280 --> 00:18:47,879
Speaker 1: running right into it. Man, that'll break your toe. Although

320
00:18:47,920 --> 00:18:51,000
Speaker 1: that happens, and I kind of I don't necessarily take

321
00:18:51,080 --> 00:18:54,280
Speaker 1: issue with emotional memories being broken out as their own thing,

322
00:18:54,400 --> 00:18:58,800
Speaker 1: but it seems like emotion is one of the drivers

323
00:18:58,840 --> 00:19:03,880
Speaker 1: of memory formation, even if it's just the slightest feeling.

324
00:19:04,560 --> 00:19:07,159
Speaker 1: It seems like emotion is attached to all memories, like

325
00:19:07,240 --> 00:19:10,320
Speaker 1: it's a it's a signal like remember this, and it's

326
00:19:10,359 --> 00:19:13,400
Speaker 1: also a way it's it's an aspect of memory as well,

327
00:19:13,480 --> 00:19:17,480
Speaker 1: like when you recall a memory strawberry. Um, if you

328
00:19:17,520 --> 00:19:20,800
Speaker 1: have your first strawberry after somebody mashes it in your

329
00:19:20,800 --> 00:19:25,000
Speaker 1: face and like twist your nipples and walks away, right,

330
00:19:25,520 --> 00:19:30,200
Speaker 1: you're probably going to associate that bad feeling with strawberries

331
00:19:30,680 --> 00:19:34,479
Speaker 1: for a while. There's nothing worse than strawberry tuffs. So

332
00:19:34,480 --> 00:19:38,760
Speaker 1: so all all memories have some amount of emotion to him,

333
00:19:38,760 --> 00:19:42,760
Speaker 1: which means all memories are emotional. But Chuck, that doesn't

334
00:19:42,760 --> 00:19:45,399
Speaker 1: mean that for the rest of your life you're gonna

335
00:19:45,520 --> 00:19:47,720
Speaker 1: have kind of a sour taste in your mouth when

336
00:19:47,720 --> 00:19:51,080
Speaker 1: you're eating a sweet strawberry because of that initial experience,

337
00:19:51,280 --> 00:19:56,040
Speaker 1: because memories are subject to change because of neural plasticity.

338
00:19:56,200 --> 00:19:58,960
Speaker 1: That's right, although you may as well like you might

339
00:19:59,040 --> 00:20:02,240
Speaker 1: remember it, but I'll you don't have the emotional experience

340
00:20:02,240 --> 00:20:04,040
Speaker 1: of it over and over again. If you eat enough

341
00:20:04,080 --> 00:20:08,080
Speaker 1: strawberries and experience them in different situations and settings. Right,

342
00:20:08,320 --> 00:20:10,320
Speaker 1: I guess you're right. Like, if something has made me

343
00:20:10,359 --> 00:20:12,679
Speaker 1: sick in the past, I have an aversion to it,

344
00:20:13,280 --> 00:20:15,840
Speaker 1: but I don't power through it, like I just leave

345
00:20:15,880 --> 00:20:20,160
Speaker 1: it there. I won't drink Milwaukee's Best beer anymore. Really

346
00:20:20,200 --> 00:20:24,239
Speaker 1: get sick off that man like years ago, and just

347
00:20:24,280 --> 00:20:26,760
Speaker 1: the smell of it now immediately, I'm just like bo.

348
00:20:27,320 --> 00:20:31,359
Speaker 1: That's funny, you know, Um, if you wanted to, you

349
00:20:31,400 --> 00:20:34,840
Speaker 1: could power through it and after enough times, what you

350
00:20:34,840 --> 00:20:37,920
Speaker 1: would be doing is activating that neural circuit, that long

351
00:20:38,040 --> 00:20:41,800
Speaker 1: term potential ation and refreshing it a little bit, changing

352
00:20:41,840 --> 00:20:46,440
Speaker 1: your idea of what Milwaukee's Best is all about. But

353
00:20:46,600 --> 00:20:49,680
Speaker 1: that's a commercial. They should send us some beer and

354
00:20:49,720 --> 00:20:51,960
Speaker 1: I'll get over it. You. But I won't get so

355
00:20:52,040 --> 00:20:53,800
Speaker 1: drunk that I pass out and forget, because we'll get

356
00:20:53,800 --> 00:20:55,760
Speaker 1: to that. That's a real thing. Yeah, it's a kind

357
00:20:55,760 --> 00:20:58,800
Speaker 1: of amnesia. It is literally, you can get amnesia tonight

358
00:20:58,840 --> 00:21:02,360
Speaker 1: if you want things. I'm going to see Stephen Maltamus

359
00:21:02,359 --> 00:21:06,520
Speaker 1: tonight full circle. You want to remember that? And then

360
00:21:06,680 --> 00:21:09,920
Speaker 1: the third type of memory is where you combine short

361
00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:12,199
Speaker 1: term memory with long term memory and you come up

362
00:21:12,200 --> 00:21:16,760
Speaker 1: with working memory. UM. One example I saw during research

363
00:21:16,840 --> 00:21:20,080
Speaker 1: is when you're looking at a menu, you're going down

364
00:21:20,080 --> 00:21:22,280
Speaker 1: a menu to decide what you want to eat. You're

365
00:21:22,280 --> 00:21:25,760
Speaker 1: taking in that information from that menu, UM, and you're

366
00:21:25,760 --> 00:21:29,920
Speaker 1: creating a little bit of an episodic stimulus in your

367
00:21:30,119 --> 00:21:34,160
Speaker 1: short term memory, and then you're accessing your long term memories,

368
00:21:34,440 --> 00:21:38,520
Speaker 1: maybe from having pork chops before, UM, and you're comparing

369
00:21:38,560 --> 00:21:42,200
Speaker 1: the two. That's your working memory. So that's a that's

370
00:21:42,200 --> 00:21:44,480
Speaker 1: a huge aspect of memory as well. And they think,

371
00:21:44,840 --> 00:21:48,000
Speaker 1: as it stands right now, that it's basically a combination

372
00:21:48,080 --> 00:21:51,560
Speaker 1: of short term memory and long term memory, mixing them together.

373
00:21:52,080 --> 00:21:55,119
Speaker 1: And there you have your menu choice and that's just

374
00:21:55,160 --> 00:21:59,159
Speaker 1: your day to day kind of deciding things. That's what

375
00:21:59,200 --> 00:22:02,040
Speaker 1: you're working memory is. Yeah, that's a very dumb way

376
00:22:02,040 --> 00:22:03,239
Speaker 1: to say it, but you know what I mean, your

377
00:22:03,320 --> 00:22:07,440
Speaker 1: day to day all right. So I guess we can

378
00:22:07,480 --> 00:22:10,480
Speaker 1: talk about an amnesia a little bit now, right, Yeah, Uh,

379
00:22:11,680 --> 00:22:15,240
Speaker 1: forgetfulness is good. It's not a bad thing to forget. Um.

380
00:22:15,280 --> 00:22:17,800
Speaker 1: You should remember the important things. But like we said,

381
00:22:17,840 --> 00:22:20,960
Speaker 1: it frees up your brain of the the stuff we

382
00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:24,920
Speaker 1: don't need. And amnesia is nothing more than a really

383
00:22:24,920 --> 00:22:29,280
Speaker 1: bad case of the forgets brought on by It can

384
00:22:29,280 --> 00:22:30,440
Speaker 1: be brought on by a lot of things, but a

385
00:22:30,520 --> 00:22:34,400
Speaker 1: lot of time it's literally an injury to your brain. Yeah.

386
00:22:34,440 --> 00:22:37,840
Speaker 1: Well that's neurological amnesia. Yeah, which is the first kind

387
00:22:38,000 --> 00:22:40,080
Speaker 1: that we're talking about here. It can come on from

388
00:22:40,080 --> 00:22:44,000
Speaker 1: a stroke. Yeah, it can come on from your you're

389
00:22:44,040 --> 00:22:48,000
Speaker 1: just not having enough oxygen for a little while. Drug Yeah,

390
00:22:48,200 --> 00:22:52,120
Speaker 1: drugs can bring it on. Drugs can bring in alcohol. Yeah.

391
00:22:52,240 --> 00:22:57,560
Speaker 1: What else? Uh, any like blunt force trauma, Yeah, electro

392
00:22:57,640 --> 00:23:01,879
Speaker 1: convulsive therapy. That was another good episode he did. Yeah.

393
00:23:01,880 --> 00:23:04,280
Speaker 1: In the case of Clyde Wearing, he had a he

394
00:23:04,320 --> 00:23:08,040
Speaker 1: had her pies encephalitis, a viral infection that can do

395
00:23:08,119 --> 00:23:11,200
Speaker 1: it. It It destroyed his basically cut the chord of the

396
00:23:11,280 --> 00:23:14,520
Speaker 1: hippocampus and the cortex. We'll give him that. The analogy.

397
00:23:14,560 --> 00:23:20,120
Speaker 1: That's a great analogy, the telephone cord. Uh. Yeah. Then

398
00:23:20,119 --> 00:23:21,919
Speaker 1: this is thanks to Kristen Kongner who wrote this. I

399
00:23:21,920 --> 00:23:26,040
Speaker 1: don't know if we mentioned that. Um, if your memories

400
00:23:26,040 --> 00:23:29,399
Speaker 1: a telephone, the hippocampus is the phone chord, and the

401
00:23:29,480 --> 00:23:32,880
Speaker 1: synapsis that we talked about are the in the cortex.

402
00:23:32,920 --> 00:23:36,679
Speaker 1: Those are the voicemail messages. So in his case, he

403
00:23:36,720 --> 00:23:40,920
Speaker 1: had damaged to his cortex, I believe, and the hippocampus, right, Yeah,

404
00:23:40,960 --> 00:23:44,280
Speaker 1: he has one of the more severe versions of amnesia.

405
00:23:44,440 --> 00:23:46,760
Speaker 1: So because the phone cord was cut in the hippocampus,

406
00:23:47,240 --> 00:23:49,760
Speaker 1: that's why he has no ability to form any long

407
00:23:49,880 --> 00:23:54,560
Speaker 1: term memory because there's just no pathway. And the voice

408
00:23:54,600 --> 00:23:58,400
Speaker 1: messages are erased essentially because of the damage to the cortex,

409
00:23:58,440 --> 00:24:00,840
Speaker 1: and there's no way they may be they're still but

410
00:24:00,920 --> 00:24:03,560
Speaker 1: there's no way for him to access his voicemail account

411
00:24:03,560 --> 00:24:06,359
Speaker 1: any longer. So he has a really bad case of

412
00:24:06,400 --> 00:24:11,760
Speaker 1: neurological amnesia and analogy. I had Mr Telephone Man in

413
00:24:11,800 --> 00:24:15,600
Speaker 1: my head that New Addition song. Oh yeah, yeah, boys,

414
00:24:15,680 --> 00:24:19,240
Speaker 1: to go listen to it. It worked too, So when

415
00:24:19,280 --> 00:24:20,880
Speaker 1: you die your baby's number and you get a click

416
00:24:20,920 --> 00:24:24,920
Speaker 1: every time, Mr Telephone Man, it's a good song. It

417
00:24:25,040 --> 00:24:28,560
Speaker 1: is a good song. Neitherdition was pretty good. Yeah, and

418
00:24:28,720 --> 00:24:34,280
Speaker 1: well we gone over Bill Bidevo when I've dropped a

419
00:24:34,280 --> 00:24:36,960
Speaker 1: couple of references over the years. Yeah that very few

420
00:24:36,960 --> 00:24:40,359
Speaker 1: people notice. Were you a Bell Bidevo fan? Okay a

421
00:24:40,359 --> 00:24:42,320
Speaker 1: little bit? I mean, you know, that wasn't really my music,

422
00:24:42,359 --> 00:24:46,040
Speaker 1: but I'm a new addition man myself. That was a

423
00:24:46,040 --> 00:24:51,240
Speaker 1: big Bobby Brown guy. So, UM, with this, with neurological amnesia,

424
00:24:51,320 --> 00:24:56,159
Speaker 1: there is damage to the structure. Um, and it just

425
00:24:56,200 --> 00:25:00,040
Speaker 1: shuts down the whole system right cuts that chord and

426
00:25:00,160 --> 00:25:02,800
Speaker 1: um we talked about all of the different ways you

427
00:25:02,800 --> 00:25:06,120
Speaker 1: can you can get that. Yeah, and it can be,

428
00:25:06,240 --> 00:25:08,560
Speaker 1: like we said, depending on how severe the injuries are.

429
00:25:08,800 --> 00:25:11,920
Speaker 1: It's not always completely cut, but it just may be damaged.

430
00:25:12,200 --> 00:25:14,040
Speaker 1: So you may have either really bad amnesia like c

431
00:25:14,040 --> 00:25:16,719
Speaker 1: live wearing, or maybe not so bad right and um.

432
00:25:16,760 --> 00:25:21,840
Speaker 1: Neurological amnesia is very often permanent, but it's also very

433
00:25:21,880 --> 00:25:25,480
Speaker 1: often stable unless it's associated with the degenerative brain disease.

434
00:25:25,920 --> 00:25:30,680
Speaker 1: It's usually like after whatever event happened to you, whatever

435
00:25:30,800 --> 00:25:35,160
Speaker 1: you come to remembering, or maybe after you fully recover, um,

436
00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:37,440
Speaker 1: after you hit that point where you're like I don't

437
00:25:37,440 --> 00:25:40,320
Speaker 1: remember anything else or I can't form new memories after

438
00:25:40,520 --> 00:25:44,280
Speaker 1: X number of minutes or seconds or whatever. Um, it's

439
00:25:44,320 --> 00:26:12,560
Speaker 1: gonna stay like that. M So, Chuck, we're talking about

440
00:26:12,560 --> 00:26:16,840
Speaker 1: neurological amnesia. That's one type and uh the other type,

441
00:26:17,040 --> 00:26:18,840
Speaker 1: and there's different ways to break them out. But the

442
00:26:18,880 --> 00:26:22,560
Speaker 1: other main type is dissociative amnesia, which is brought on

443
00:26:22,680 --> 00:26:27,679
Speaker 1: by intense amounts of stress. Yeah, it's um, it can

444
00:26:27,720 --> 00:26:30,960
Speaker 1: be a trauma. The good news is it's usually temporary

445
00:26:31,080 --> 00:26:34,000
Speaker 1: and it can associate. Uh, it can come to light

446
00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:36,600
Speaker 1: in a couple of different ways. UM. Let's say you

447
00:26:36,640 --> 00:26:41,480
Speaker 1: had some super traumatic event that can either damage your

448
00:26:42,480 --> 00:26:47,280
Speaker 1: memory as a whole because of massive amounts of corticol

449
00:26:48,480 --> 00:26:51,639
Speaker 1: from stress. Or it could just be the one event

450
00:26:51,680 --> 00:26:55,399
Speaker 1: that you blocked out, like a really bad mugging that

451
00:26:55,840 --> 00:26:57,960
Speaker 1: scared you, or a car accident or something. You might

452
00:26:58,040 --> 00:27:01,399
Speaker 1: not have any memory just of that. Right. That's actually

453
00:27:01,400 --> 00:27:06,399
Speaker 1: how they divide um or subdivide dissociative amnesia. There's a

454
00:27:06,440 --> 00:27:10,240
Speaker 1: global dissociative amnesia, which is autobiographical, which is like who

455
00:27:10,280 --> 00:27:14,560
Speaker 1: am I? What happened? After witnessing your family be murdered

456
00:27:14,640 --> 00:27:19,560
Speaker 1: or something horrific like that, you don't remember anything about anything. Um.

457
00:27:19,640 --> 00:27:23,400
Speaker 1: The other type of situational dissociative amnesia, where you remember yourself,

458
00:27:23,440 --> 00:27:26,320
Speaker 1: you remember who you are, your address, out, everything except

459
00:27:26,400 --> 00:27:28,760
Speaker 1: that that murder that you witnessed. Yeah, which can be

460
00:27:28,840 --> 00:27:31,280
Speaker 1: a good thing. Yeah, it can be get rid of

461
00:27:31,280 --> 00:27:34,080
Speaker 1: that memory. You know, you could definitely interpret it as

462
00:27:34,119 --> 00:27:40,600
Speaker 1: like a safeguard by the brain, you know. Um. Either way, though,

463
00:27:41,160 --> 00:27:44,120
Speaker 1: what's happened is, like you said, cortisol has been released,

464
00:27:44,400 --> 00:27:48,840
Speaker 1: which has been shown to affect the hippocampus. Uh. And

465
00:27:48,960 --> 00:27:52,719
Speaker 1: it also affects the brain's plasticity, or its ability to

466
00:27:52,760 --> 00:27:56,159
Speaker 1: form new memory. So basically, one way to put it,

467
00:27:56,240 --> 00:28:01,200
Speaker 1: especially with situational dissociative amnesia, is the brain says, this

468
00:28:01,280 --> 00:28:04,480
Speaker 1: is so stressful, yeah, that I'm overwhelmed with cortisol and

469
00:28:04,600 --> 00:28:08,320
Speaker 1: I can't form new memories right now. Therefore this never happened. Yeah.

470
00:28:08,359 --> 00:28:12,880
Speaker 1: You know. One thing that was interesting is hippopotamus is um.

471
00:28:12,920 --> 00:28:15,560
Speaker 1: I saw this on Animal Planet the other day. They

472
00:28:15,600 --> 00:28:21,879
Speaker 1: are so stressed out, um, especially sadly little babies that

473
00:28:21,920 --> 00:28:25,439
Speaker 1: are orphaned because of poaching for rhino horns. Did I say,

474
00:28:25,520 --> 00:28:30,080
Speaker 1: hippopotamus rhinoceros. Yeah, they they they feel for the rhinoceros,

475
00:28:30,920 --> 00:28:34,639
Speaker 1: the rhinoceros I was thinking hippocampus, I think, yeah, um,

476
00:28:34,680 --> 00:28:38,240
Speaker 1: they can die from too much cortisol, from being stressed

477
00:28:38,760 --> 00:28:42,120
Speaker 1: so sad like a little baby rhino might die because

478
00:28:42,120 --> 00:28:45,520
Speaker 1: their parents died just from cortisol, Like massive amounts of

479
00:28:45,520 --> 00:28:47,800
Speaker 1: cortisol we have to update or can you die of

480
00:28:47,800 --> 00:28:51,920
Speaker 1: a broken heart episode? Then I think we just did. Okay,

481
00:28:52,520 --> 00:28:55,680
Speaker 1: we can check that off the list. That's right. Okay. Yes,

482
00:28:56,080 --> 00:29:00,800
Speaker 1: stressed is a killer. You know this? Yeah? Literally, um,

483
00:29:00,840 --> 00:29:04,440
Speaker 1: and it can cause amnesia and this is not um.

484
00:29:04,480 --> 00:29:08,120
Speaker 1: I think a lot of people suspect that when it's

485
00:29:08,440 --> 00:29:12,800
Speaker 1: not neurological, when there's not an organic cause like a

486
00:29:12,960 --> 00:29:17,160
Speaker 1: brain injury for amnesia, that it's possibly somebody faking or

487
00:29:17,200 --> 00:29:20,960
Speaker 1: something like that. No. There, there, they are so stressed

488
00:29:21,000 --> 00:29:24,440
Speaker 1: out that the chemicals, the chemical composition in their brain

489
00:29:24,480 --> 00:29:29,560
Speaker 1: has prevented new memories from forming. Not plastic anymore. No. Uh.

490
00:29:29,720 --> 00:29:33,840
Speaker 1: The thing is is that that the associative amnesia is

491
00:29:34,040 --> 00:29:38,600
Speaker 1: very frequently temporary. Um. There might be something that triggers

492
00:29:38,640 --> 00:29:40,920
Speaker 1: a memory that leads to a cascade of memories that

493
00:29:41,000 --> 00:29:45,040
Speaker 1: restores the person's memory fully. Um. You see that in

494
00:29:45,080 --> 00:29:47,520
Speaker 1: movies too. That's a big popular one for fiction. Yeah,

495
00:29:47,560 --> 00:29:51,200
Speaker 1: it's crazy that there's like I mean, it's in movies

496
00:29:51,240 --> 00:29:55,680
Speaker 1: that happens far more frequently, um than in real life.

497
00:29:55,760 --> 00:30:00,000
Speaker 1: But it's not terribly far off, not because the movie

498
00:30:00,080 --> 00:30:02,520
Speaker 1: these are really kind of keeping it close to reality.

499
00:30:02,920 --> 00:30:06,720
Speaker 1: Just that amnesia is like, can be that crazy, right, right, Yeah,

500
00:30:06,800 --> 00:30:08,800
Speaker 1: you can kind of do anything, and someone's probably had

501
00:30:08,800 --> 00:30:14,080
Speaker 1: that kind right. So he mentioned weaving um wearing. Clive

502
00:30:14,160 --> 00:30:19,080
Speaker 1: Wearing has both retrograde and antiro grade, and that is

503
00:30:19,640 --> 00:30:24,000
Speaker 1: a couple of other ways that that doctors can um categorize.

504
00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:26,400
Speaker 1: It is by the type of memory he has. Both

505
00:30:26,960 --> 00:30:30,880
Speaker 1: retro grade means you can't remember the past and a

506
00:30:31,040 --> 00:30:34,120
Speaker 1: taro grade means you can't make the new memories. And

507
00:30:34,160 --> 00:30:38,040
Speaker 1: since he has both, he's in big trouble. Uh. Antro

508
00:30:38,120 --> 00:30:42,120
Speaker 1: grade is a little more like the movie Memento when

509
00:30:42,360 --> 00:30:46,600
Speaker 1: every thirty or forty seconds you're born anew but even still, Uh,

510
00:30:46,640 --> 00:30:49,080
Speaker 1: if you haven't seen Memento, just go ahead and fast

511
00:30:49,120 --> 00:30:54,080
Speaker 1: forward through this part. Yeah. Um, but he he wrongly

512
00:30:54,120 --> 00:30:58,320
Speaker 1: remembers his own past. Yeah, which is a symptom of

513
00:30:58,520 --> 00:31:05,000
Speaker 1: um retrograde amnesia that you can fabulate. You basically come

514
00:31:05,080 --> 00:31:07,840
Speaker 1: up with imaginary things your mind us to fill in

515
00:31:07,880 --> 00:31:11,200
Speaker 1: the gaps, and you believe them to be real, but

516
00:31:11,280 --> 00:31:14,640
Speaker 1: they're not real. It's imagined. Remember that's how he turned

517
00:31:14,680 --> 00:31:17,680
Speaker 1: out at the end. Like he wasn't the insurance adjuster.

518
00:31:17,840 --> 00:31:21,480
Speaker 1: That wasn't a case like that was his life. Yeah.

519
00:31:21,520 --> 00:31:24,720
Speaker 1: And uh also very especially in that movie, very easily

520
00:31:24,760 --> 00:31:27,960
Speaker 1: to be taken advantage of the one scene with this

521
00:31:28,280 --> 00:31:30,640
Speaker 1: when he was paying rent, when he kept paying rent,

522
00:31:30,880 --> 00:31:34,440
Speaker 1: like I was like, hey, your rents do and yeah,

523
00:31:34,440 --> 00:31:36,800
Speaker 1: I think I was a jerk, But he has a system.

524
00:31:36,840 --> 00:31:39,320
Speaker 1: We'll talk about that coming up to So let's let's

525
00:31:39,320 --> 00:31:42,040
Speaker 1: talk about in taro grade. And taro grade is the

526
00:31:42,080 --> 00:31:47,400
Speaker 1: inability to form new memories. Uh, And it's pretty simple. Basically,

527
00:31:48,040 --> 00:31:51,640
Speaker 1: there's something wrong with the hippocampus right then. Could be permanent,

528
00:31:51,880 --> 00:31:54,720
Speaker 1: in which case you end up like Clive Wearing and

529
00:31:54,760 --> 00:31:57,480
Speaker 1: you can't form new memories, or it could be temporary,

530
00:31:57,600 --> 00:32:02,160
Speaker 1: could be drunk. That is why uh and tarograde amnesia

531
00:32:02,360 --> 00:32:05,720
Speaker 1: is far more common than retrograde. It's one reason we

532
00:32:05,880 --> 00:32:11,440
Speaker 1: can easily assault our hippocampus through booze. Yeah. And as

533
00:32:11,480 --> 00:32:15,719
Speaker 1: an example of how procedural memory still stays intact, you

534
00:32:15,760 --> 00:32:18,520
Speaker 1: can walk and talk and move around and everything, and

535
00:32:18,520 --> 00:32:20,320
Speaker 1: then wake up the next morning be like how did

536
00:32:20,360 --> 00:32:23,160
Speaker 1: I get here? And no matter how hard you try,

537
00:32:23,520 --> 00:32:27,160
Speaker 1: you're not going to remember specific details if you fully

538
00:32:27,200 --> 00:32:29,479
Speaker 1: blacked out, because when you were fully blacked out, your

539
00:32:29,560 --> 00:32:32,640
Speaker 1: hippocampus was no longer taking all this information and forming

540
00:32:32,680 --> 00:32:37,920
Speaker 1: memories like they just don't exist. And that's saying tarograde amnesia.

541
00:32:38,040 --> 00:32:40,520
Speaker 1: And it depends on who you are. Some people like

542
00:32:40,720 --> 00:32:43,880
Speaker 1: might have an alcohol blackout way easier than others. But

543
00:32:43,960 --> 00:32:46,320
Speaker 1: if you're blacking out from alcohol, you're drinking too much,

544
00:32:47,120 --> 00:32:49,840
Speaker 1: you know. Yeah, even if you're someone with a super

545
00:32:49,880 --> 00:32:52,680
Speaker 1: low tolerance and blacks out really easily. Yeah, blacking out,

546
00:32:52,680 --> 00:32:55,360
Speaker 1: it's blacking out. It's a line for everyone. That doesn't

547
00:32:55,360 --> 00:32:58,560
Speaker 1: mean you're passing out. You're still doing stuff right and

548
00:32:58,600 --> 00:33:01,360
Speaker 1: saying stuff you're blacked out, you're blacked out. But um,

549
00:33:01,560 --> 00:33:03,560
Speaker 1: it can be kind of tricky because if you think

550
00:33:03,600 --> 00:33:05,840
Speaker 1: about it, you wake up the next morning and you're like,

551
00:33:06,320 --> 00:33:09,000
Speaker 1: how did I get here? What happened? And by that time,

552
00:33:09,280 --> 00:33:12,320
Speaker 1: last night was the past, which makes you think, oh,

553
00:33:12,320 --> 00:33:17,080
Speaker 1: that's retrograde amnesia. Know that amnesia is related to your

554
00:33:17,120 --> 00:33:20,200
Speaker 1: ability to form memories or access old memories. So with

555
00:33:20,240 --> 00:33:23,840
Speaker 1: antaro grade, your ability to form new memories in the present,

556
00:33:24,160 --> 00:33:26,480
Speaker 1: which was while you were drunk and blacked out, right,

557
00:33:26,680 --> 00:33:30,040
Speaker 1: that was antaro grade amnesia. That's right. Retrograde amnesia is

558
00:33:30,080 --> 00:33:34,240
Speaker 1: totally different because it is the destruction of those voicemail

559
00:33:34,280 --> 00:33:37,840
Speaker 1: messages of your past, yes, which is super sad um. Yeah,

560
00:33:37,840 --> 00:33:40,400
Speaker 1: because what's life of It's not a collection of memories

561
00:33:40,800 --> 00:33:43,880
Speaker 1: you know and hope for the future. Look at you

562
00:33:44,120 --> 00:33:48,560
Speaker 1: and this micro second right now. Uh. With retrograde, it's

563
00:33:48,680 --> 00:33:52,400
Speaker 1: um if it's severe, basically your new memory or your

564
00:33:52,400 --> 00:33:55,640
Speaker 1: most recent memories which aren't as strong and reinforced yet,

565
00:33:55,680 --> 00:33:58,000
Speaker 1: are the ones to go first. And then depending on

566
00:33:58,040 --> 00:34:01,240
Speaker 1: how severe your retrograde at amnesia as it'll go further

567
00:34:01,320 --> 00:34:04,520
Speaker 1: and further back in your little memory file and start

568
00:34:04,600 --> 00:34:08,560
Speaker 1: destroying them. Or if you're the case of wearing, if

569
00:34:08,560 --> 00:34:10,759
Speaker 1: you have a super bad you might not remember your

570
00:34:10,800 --> 00:34:13,400
Speaker 1: past at all, right, but you just remember his wife.

571
00:34:14,160 --> 00:34:17,359
Speaker 1: He does remember his wife. And that theory um or

572
00:34:17,400 --> 00:34:21,120
Speaker 1: that it's called is that Ribot's law, r I bot

573
00:34:21,280 --> 00:34:23,840
Speaker 1: I would say, Ribo rebo. It looks pretty French. It

574
00:34:23,880 --> 00:34:27,360
Speaker 1: does look French. Uh. That is that that pattern of

575
00:34:27,400 --> 00:34:30,400
Speaker 1: destroying those newer memories first and then going back and

576
00:34:30,400 --> 00:34:32,440
Speaker 1: back depending on how severe it is. And there's a

577
00:34:32,560 --> 00:34:35,719
Speaker 1: there's a reasoning to it behind the whole thing. It's

578
00:34:35,760 --> 00:34:39,800
Speaker 1: that you're your more recent memories haven't had years to

579
00:34:40,080 --> 00:34:44,280
Speaker 1: potentiate and become these well worn paths, so they're easier

580
00:34:44,320 --> 00:34:48,000
Speaker 1: to wipe out than your longer term ones. But it's

581
00:34:48,120 --> 00:34:53,920
Speaker 1: totally different retrograde amnesia because it it can attack those

582
00:34:53,960 --> 00:34:58,560
Speaker 1: parts of your brain where um those memories are stored,

583
00:34:58,960 --> 00:35:01,319
Speaker 1: So it might not have anything to do with any

584
00:35:01,400 --> 00:35:05,200
Speaker 1: kind of damage to your hippocampus. It can say, attack

585
00:35:05,280 --> 00:35:08,919
Speaker 1: the part of your brain where um again, the language

586
00:35:09,360 --> 00:35:12,280
Speaker 1: memories are stored in your broker's area. Yeah, like if

587
00:35:12,320 --> 00:35:15,520
Speaker 1: you have a stroke, you might not remember how to speak,

588
00:35:16,000 --> 00:35:18,920
Speaker 1: and that means that broke his area has been damaged

589
00:35:19,560 --> 00:35:22,520
Speaker 1: via lack of blood flow and oxygen. That might be different.

590
00:35:22,560 --> 00:35:25,520
Speaker 1: That might be like your you lose your ability to speak.

591
00:35:25,680 --> 00:35:28,040
Speaker 1: I wonder if it does have to do with memory, though,

592
00:35:28,160 --> 00:35:31,359
Speaker 1: now that you mention it, I don't know, huh. Like

593
00:35:31,360 --> 00:35:33,400
Speaker 1: when my grandfather had a stroke, he still talked, but

594
00:35:33,560 --> 00:35:36,960
Speaker 1: they weren't words, but he thought he was talking, like

595
00:35:37,040 --> 00:35:40,160
Speaker 1: in his head he was saying, now you turn left

596
00:35:40,239 --> 00:35:42,200
Speaker 1: up here to go to the gas station to his wife,

597
00:35:42,200 --> 00:35:44,359
Speaker 1: but it came out as walking walking duke and walking

598
00:35:44,400 --> 00:35:46,920
Speaker 1: by super bark and walking all. But that was unsettling.

599
00:35:47,080 --> 00:35:50,360
Speaker 1: It was sad and unsettling. How how long did he

600
00:35:50,440 --> 00:35:52,640
Speaker 1: looks like the frustration too? Because in his head he

601
00:35:52,680 --> 00:35:55,040
Speaker 1: was saying the right words, But could he hear himself

602
00:35:55,080 --> 00:35:56,880
Speaker 1: like what was coming out of his I don't know,

603
00:35:57,239 --> 00:35:59,359
Speaker 1: because he couldn't tell us or he could see on

604
00:35:59,400 --> 00:36:01,520
Speaker 1: your faces that he wasn't saying what he was saying.

605
00:36:02,680 --> 00:36:04,239
Speaker 1: I don't. I mean I was pretty young, so this

606
00:36:04,280 --> 00:36:06,000
Speaker 1: is all kind of distant. But how long did he

607
00:36:06,040 --> 00:36:10,080
Speaker 1: live like that? Um? I feel like a few years? Yeah? Yeah?

608
00:36:10,160 --> 00:36:13,960
Speaker 1: Did he could? He? Right? I don't remember that. Usually

609
00:36:13,960 --> 00:36:16,840
Speaker 1: that's separate. Oh yeah, so buddy could write still you

610
00:36:16,880 --> 00:36:19,359
Speaker 1: should find out. I'm curious. Yeah, I should ask my mom?

611
00:36:19,520 --> 00:36:22,080
Speaker 1: Was he a good guy? I used the best? Yeah? Well,

612
00:36:22,080 --> 00:36:24,680
Speaker 1: I'm sorry, Chuck. That's right. It happens. It's in my

613
00:36:24,680 --> 00:36:26,479
Speaker 1: bloodline too, so I'm sure the same thing will happen

614
00:36:26,480 --> 00:36:28,600
Speaker 1: to me. Is it really? Well, I will prop you

615
00:36:28,680 --> 00:36:30,440
Speaker 1: up in front of the microphone and we'll do a

616
00:36:30,480 --> 00:36:33,319
Speaker 1: podcast like that and you'll just translate for me. Yeah,

617
00:36:33,360 --> 00:36:35,400
Speaker 1: that's very enough to be like I think he's saying

618
00:36:35,760 --> 00:36:39,400
Speaker 1: he likes paved me. Uh, you could just default to

619
00:36:39,480 --> 00:36:42,040
Speaker 1: that and not always be sort of happy, and that's fine.

620
00:36:42,560 --> 00:36:45,880
Speaker 1: I was really saying I was hungry, but you go welcome. Yeah.

621
00:36:46,400 --> 00:36:49,560
Speaker 1: Um it was weird though, Like his language was very consistent.

622
00:36:49,640 --> 00:36:52,480
Speaker 1: It had that saying the familiar, like there's a lot

623
00:36:52,520 --> 00:36:55,680
Speaker 1: of walking walking like that sound like he made up

624
00:36:55,680 --> 00:36:59,040
Speaker 1: his own language sort of. It's really interesting. That's interesting.

625
00:36:59,160 --> 00:37:01,040
Speaker 1: And the thing is that's how they figured out that

626
00:37:01,160 --> 00:37:06,600
Speaker 1: different parts of the brain are responsible for different Um,

627
00:37:07,520 --> 00:37:10,239
Speaker 1: I guess different aspects of our personality your life, Like

628
00:37:10,680 --> 00:37:14,600
Speaker 1: speaking is different than hearing yeah and writing right. And

629
00:37:14,640 --> 00:37:17,239
Speaker 1: it's like if you're just because you can't talk or

630
00:37:17,239 --> 00:37:19,640
Speaker 1: form words, doesn't mean you can't hear and understand words

631
00:37:19,760 --> 00:37:23,480
Speaker 1: or write words right, or think in your head the

632
00:37:23,560 --> 00:37:27,000
Speaker 1: right words, even whether they're not coming out right. Uh So,

633
00:37:27,080 --> 00:37:30,400
Speaker 1: with both of these kinds of amnesia, uh, we should

634
00:37:30,400 --> 00:37:35,000
Speaker 1: point out that your explicit or episodic memory is what

635
00:37:35,040 --> 00:37:38,080
Speaker 1: you're losing, but you're implicit or procedural memory is usually

636
00:37:38,160 --> 00:37:41,399
Speaker 1: still intact as long as you're cerebellum is good. That's

637
00:37:41,400 --> 00:37:42,799
Speaker 1: why you might be able to make the cup of

638
00:37:42,800 --> 00:37:45,839
Speaker 1: coffee or ride a bike, these things that are just

639
00:37:46,000 --> 00:37:48,359
Speaker 1: ingrained in your in your brain right, And that's why

640
00:37:48,400 --> 00:37:51,120
Speaker 1: clid Waring can play the piano, but he can't remember

641
00:37:51,200 --> 00:37:55,319
Speaker 1: who his favorite composer is now, So wearing is a

642
00:37:55,360 --> 00:37:58,800
Speaker 1: really good example of how somebody can live with amnesia.

643
00:37:59,160 --> 00:38:03,239
Speaker 1: Number One, he has an amazing caretaker, his wife, who

644
00:38:03,640 --> 00:38:06,040
Speaker 1: you know, basically she takes care of him. Yeah. I

645
00:38:06,080 --> 00:38:08,759
Speaker 1: bet she does little things though, like just where she

646
00:38:08,800 --> 00:38:10,640
Speaker 1: wants to eat that night, right, Like, no, we ate

647
00:38:10,680 --> 00:38:12,839
Speaker 1: there last night, I'm not going there again, Right, He's

648
00:38:12,880 --> 00:38:14,879
Speaker 1: like we did. Or she can really get him going

649
00:38:14,880 --> 00:38:16,919
Speaker 1: where every time he looks at he's like her, she's

650
00:38:17,000 --> 00:38:21,920
Speaker 1: kiss right, she's kissed, you know, just to just to

651
00:38:22,000 --> 00:38:24,080
Speaker 1: delight him a little bit. It would be fun to

652
00:38:24,120 --> 00:38:27,360
Speaker 1: do that, Yeah, exactly. Um. But yes, he has a

653
00:38:27,400 --> 00:38:31,960
Speaker 1: good caretaker, which is important. Yes, because there's no treatment

654
00:38:32,160 --> 00:38:36,880
Speaker 1: for amnesia. There's no right. They can't inject you with

655
00:38:36,960 --> 00:38:40,800
Speaker 1: something all of a sudden your memories come back. So most, um,

656
00:38:41,080 --> 00:38:45,279
Speaker 1: most treatments for amnesia deal with figuring out how to

657
00:38:45,400 --> 00:38:49,839
Speaker 1: navigate life under this the new change to the way

658
00:38:49,880 --> 00:38:52,480
Speaker 1: you remember things. Yeah, it's all about systems. You have

659
00:38:52,520 --> 00:38:56,000
Speaker 1: to have a system in place that you don't deviate from. Um.

660
00:38:56,040 --> 00:38:58,279
Speaker 1: In Clive's case and the case of a minto, he's

661
00:38:58,320 --> 00:39:02,120
Speaker 1: tattoos and polaroids, yeah, and notes for himself, Yeah, sticky notes.

662
00:39:02,480 --> 00:39:05,040
Speaker 1: And that's what weiring does. Basically keeps a journal and

663
00:39:05,080 --> 00:39:07,080
Speaker 1: like I said, he crosses things out as he goes,

664
00:39:07,120 --> 00:39:11,080
Speaker 1: so he knows where he is in the day. Right.

665
00:39:11,560 --> 00:39:13,439
Speaker 1: He also can look at his journal and says, now,

666
00:39:13,440 --> 00:39:15,680
Speaker 1: I woke up three times already. I don't need to

667
00:39:15,960 --> 00:39:20,279
Speaker 1: stop writing that. Um He Also the other aspect of

668
00:39:20,480 --> 00:39:25,400
Speaker 1: UM forming routines is that they involve habits, and the

669
00:39:25,560 --> 00:39:30,279
Speaker 1: habits remember your procedural memory still intact, so you end

670
00:39:30,360 --> 00:39:33,040
Speaker 1: up like just knowing. How does he know to get

671
00:39:33,120 --> 00:39:35,320
Speaker 1: up and go to the journal if his memory refreshes

672
00:39:35,320 --> 00:39:38,359
Speaker 1: every few minutes, for every few seconds, it's because he's

673
00:39:38,360 --> 00:39:41,880
Speaker 1: formed a habit, a procedural memory of there's a journal

674
00:39:42,000 --> 00:39:44,400
Speaker 1: and you should go to it. So he knows what

675
00:39:44,440 --> 00:39:47,880
Speaker 1: we would call instinctively um through his procedural memory of

676
00:39:47,960 --> 00:39:50,560
Speaker 1: using the journal over and over again. He's formed a habit.

677
00:39:50,880 --> 00:39:54,560
Speaker 1: So that helps big time. Also, smartphones help big time too,

678
00:39:55,080 --> 00:39:57,920
Speaker 1: because he can access all sorts of stuff, set reminders.

679
00:39:58,760 --> 00:40:01,640
Speaker 1: He's got a calendar right there, basically what most of

680
00:40:01,719 --> 00:40:04,920
Speaker 1: us do, except taken to the nth degree. You know,

681
00:40:05,480 --> 00:40:07,560
Speaker 1: like I rely I have a terrible memory, you know this,

682
00:40:07,640 --> 00:40:12,040
Speaker 1: So I rely heavily on calendars and notes and reminders. Um,

683
00:40:12,080 --> 00:40:14,000
Speaker 1: and I don't even have amnesia as far as I know.

684
00:40:14,120 --> 00:40:16,399
Speaker 1: Can't you imagine like every time he pulls his iPhone out,

685
00:40:16,400 --> 00:40:19,560
Speaker 1: he's like, wow, right, look at this thing. You know,

686
00:40:20,239 --> 00:40:23,160
Speaker 1: it's reminding me and it's a computer in my hand. Yeah,

687
00:40:23,320 --> 00:40:26,160
Speaker 1: the future is here. His wife is so sick of

688
00:40:26,200 --> 00:40:31,840
Speaker 1: hearing him say the future is here. We really pooked

689
00:40:31,840 --> 00:40:33,680
Speaker 1: fund of this guy a lot. Yeah. I hope he's

690
00:40:33,680 --> 00:40:37,520
Speaker 1: not listening to this so he won't remember anyway. Oh,

691
00:40:37,760 --> 00:40:44,120
Speaker 1: there it was. Uh. Psychotherapy, if you have dissociative amnesia,

692
00:40:44,280 --> 00:40:47,279
Speaker 1: can help out. I imagine that's a tough case to

693
00:40:47,320 --> 00:40:49,680
Speaker 1: tackle because not only do you have to get to

694
00:40:49,719 --> 00:40:53,200
Speaker 1: the root of this, like you have to, you have

695
00:40:53,239 --> 00:40:57,040
Speaker 1: to figure out everything else first, you know, and then

696
00:40:57,239 --> 00:41:00,840
Speaker 1: then then sort through this lost you have regenerate the

697
00:41:01,320 --> 00:41:04,360
Speaker 1: bio autobiographical information and then figure out which part of

698
00:41:04,440 --> 00:41:06,680
Speaker 1: it is the real problem. So it's like this huge,

699
00:41:07,320 --> 00:41:11,240
Speaker 1: massive layer on top of a normal case that's already

700
00:41:11,280 --> 00:41:14,960
Speaker 1: a very pronounced one because the stressful event was so

701
00:41:15,000 --> 00:41:18,879
Speaker 1: bad that it wiped out their ability to form memories. Yeah,

702
00:41:18,920 --> 00:41:21,000
Speaker 1: that's a good point. That's got to be. I'm sure

703
00:41:21,040 --> 00:41:23,520
Speaker 1: not every psychiatrist can handle that. I would say you'd

704
00:41:23,520 --> 00:41:26,320
Speaker 1: go to a specialist or something like that, an amnesia specialist.

705
00:41:26,880 --> 00:41:29,439
Speaker 1: Uh do you think there are those? Sure? Well, I'd

706
00:41:29,440 --> 00:41:32,000
Speaker 1: like to hear from you if you listen to the

707
00:41:32,000 --> 00:41:36,200
Speaker 1: podcast and early shout out. Uh. If you have amnesia

708
00:41:36,239 --> 00:41:40,480
Speaker 1: from drinking too much, uh coursaicov syndrome, you should quit

709
00:41:40,560 --> 00:41:44,320
Speaker 1: drinking so much and maybe take some B one because

710
00:41:44,320 --> 00:41:48,399
Speaker 1: because what is it called thiamine deficiency? Yeah, that's all

711
00:41:48,400 --> 00:41:54,759
Speaker 1: it is, is vitamin B. Don't you remember you said that? Um?

712
00:41:55,200 --> 00:41:57,400
Speaker 1: I can't remember which episode it was, but we were

713
00:41:57,440 --> 00:42:04,040
Speaker 1: talking about hardcore alcoholics degenerate basically physically mentally. Yeah, that's

714
00:42:04,080 --> 00:42:07,160
Speaker 1: that yea. And part of it is a thiamine deficiency

715
00:42:07,680 --> 00:42:10,520
Speaker 1: which leads to amnesia, which can be treated by laying

716
00:42:10,520 --> 00:42:12,680
Speaker 1: off the sauce and taking B one. It's so sad.

717
00:42:12,719 --> 00:42:15,799
Speaker 1: Have you ever known someone that was truly like pickled themselves? No,

718
00:42:16,920 --> 00:42:20,839
Speaker 1: it's sad, especially when you know it's from drinking. You know,

719
00:42:21,480 --> 00:42:24,000
Speaker 1: it's a it's like a form of dementia really, yeah,

720
00:42:25,040 --> 00:42:31,200
Speaker 1: from booze and I like to drink. You know, I'm

721
00:42:31,239 --> 00:42:33,919
Speaker 1: not like poopling the whole thing, but like when you're

722
00:42:33,960 --> 00:42:37,200
Speaker 1: blacking out and forgetting things and getting the d t s, yeah,

723
00:42:37,280 --> 00:42:40,400
Speaker 1: that's like, that's bad news. I know that's obvious, but

724
00:42:40,440 --> 00:42:41,920
Speaker 1: we should point that out because we have kids that

725
00:42:42,000 --> 00:42:44,799
Speaker 1: listen to this. It's true, you know, all right, So

726
00:42:44,920 --> 00:42:49,759
Speaker 1: Chuck habits Oh, I wrote another one. I wrote a

727
00:42:49,800 --> 00:42:54,480
Speaker 1: review of a woman who who wrote a memoir and

728
00:42:54,960 --> 00:42:59,319
Speaker 1: she had amnesia, huge, big time amnesia. Was it short? Um? No?

729
00:42:59,600 --> 00:43:01,960
Speaker 1: But her the first line is something like everything you're

730
00:43:01,960 --> 00:43:04,560
Speaker 1: about to read, I don't remember. It was told to me.

731
00:43:05,280 --> 00:43:08,400
Speaker 1: She was playing with her kid, and the kid she

732
00:43:08,440 --> 00:43:10,319
Speaker 1: was spinning him around, and I guess he knocked the

733
00:43:10,320 --> 00:43:13,560
Speaker 1: ceiling fan loose and it was like poorly installed, and

734
00:43:13,640 --> 00:43:15,920
Speaker 1: it came down on her head and it was like

735
00:43:16,120 --> 00:43:22,000
Speaker 1: Gilligan's Island level amnesia. She gets bond and forgets things everything. Yes,

736
00:43:22,160 --> 00:43:26,400
Speaker 1: she has like world class amnesia, almost done a Clive

737
00:43:26,480 --> 00:43:31,439
Speaker 1: Wearing level. Um. And she wrote this, this memoir and

738
00:43:31,640 --> 00:43:34,239
Speaker 1: in it she's basically saying like how she navigates through

739
00:43:34,280 --> 00:43:37,200
Speaker 1: life with amnesia and a lot of it is just

740
00:43:37,560 --> 00:43:40,799
Speaker 1: faking it. Yeah, she didn't lose her ability to pick

741
00:43:40,880 --> 00:43:43,000
Speaker 1: up on social cues, so she can pick up on

742
00:43:43,040 --> 00:43:48,719
Speaker 1: what's expected of her and she can kind of guess. Um. Yeah.

743
00:43:48,840 --> 00:43:51,920
Speaker 1: She says she has no idea why people celebrate birthdays

744
00:43:52,000 --> 00:43:54,120
Speaker 1: or holidays or anything, but she still does it because

745
00:43:54,120 --> 00:43:57,480
Speaker 1: she realizes she's expected to. So she's no, it's not

746
00:43:57,640 --> 00:44:01,640
Speaker 1: with her. Surely there probably is confabulation. She doesn't believe

747
00:44:01,680 --> 00:44:05,680
Speaker 1: what she's imagining. She's faking it, okay, and apparently she's

748
00:44:05,719 --> 00:44:08,640
Speaker 1: so good at it that people forget she has amnesia. Right, Um,

749
00:44:08,680 --> 00:44:12,080
Speaker 1: but she's saying like, no, I really genuinely don't remember.

750
00:44:12,120 --> 00:44:14,120
Speaker 1: I'm just good at making it seem like I do

751
00:44:14,200 --> 00:44:17,080
Speaker 1: so I can fit in. I must be so weird

752
00:44:17,120 --> 00:44:19,520
Speaker 1: and frustrating. It sounds pretty weird, like if to have

753
00:44:19,600 --> 00:44:23,160
Speaker 1: to sing Happy Birthday at a birthday party and she's like,

754
00:44:23,239 --> 00:44:25,279
Speaker 1: I'm singing this song. I know I'm supposed to do it,

755
00:44:25,320 --> 00:44:30,920
Speaker 1: but I don't know why these people do this. Yeah wow, um,

756
00:44:30,960 --> 00:44:33,120
Speaker 1: all right, well let's take another break and then we'll

757
00:44:33,120 --> 00:45:03,120
Speaker 1: come back with some more amnesia. Alright, So, Chuck, you

758
00:45:03,160 --> 00:45:07,560
Speaker 1: want to talk about amnesia detection, which seems like, oh,

759
00:45:07,640 --> 00:45:10,040
Speaker 1: that person can't remember any think they have amnesia or

760
00:45:10,080 --> 00:45:12,520
Speaker 1: they just got hit on the head with a coconut right,

761
00:45:13,280 --> 00:45:16,000
Speaker 1: well for wearing. Uh, he had a headache. That was

762
00:45:16,040 --> 00:45:18,840
Speaker 1: the first thing that happened. The next thing that happened

763
00:45:18,880 --> 00:45:20,560
Speaker 1: a couple of days later, Like you said earlier, he

764
00:45:20,560 --> 00:45:23,680
Speaker 1: could remember his daughter's name, So warning signs flashing at

765
00:45:23,719 --> 00:45:27,400
Speaker 1: that point, and it really spiraled out of control from

766
00:45:27,440 --> 00:45:32,120
Speaker 1: there in his case. Uh, sometimes is super obvious. Um,

767
00:45:32,200 --> 00:45:34,360
Speaker 1: Like you said, if you injure your head and you

768
00:45:34,400 --> 00:45:38,720
Speaker 1: can't remember things, then you've got some form of amnesia. Um.

769
00:45:38,840 --> 00:45:43,560
Speaker 1: Can you recall your past events? Uh? Do you confabulate?

770
00:45:43,640 --> 00:45:47,040
Speaker 1: Do you confabulate? And the difference between a confabulation alive,

771
00:45:47,080 --> 00:45:50,400
Speaker 1: by the way, is there's intent with a lie. Right,

772
00:45:50,480 --> 00:45:54,000
Speaker 1: this person honest intent, Like it doesn't realize they're filling

773
00:45:54,000 --> 00:45:57,160
Speaker 1: in the gaps with imagined stuff, or if they do,

774
00:45:57,239 --> 00:45:59,200
Speaker 1: they don't want to think about it. There. Yeah, there's

775
00:45:59,239 --> 00:46:03,200
Speaker 1: no malice and all. They're just trying to be normal. Uh.

776
00:46:03,239 --> 00:46:07,600
Speaker 1: You might have tremors or be uncoordinated. You might be

777
00:46:07,640 --> 00:46:10,959
Speaker 1: confused and disoriented, could be in a fugue state, which

778
00:46:10,960 --> 00:46:14,239
Speaker 1: is where you're wandering around. Yeah, that's with the disassociative

779
00:46:14,239 --> 00:46:16,920
Speaker 1: identity that can be present for sure. You remember when

780
00:46:17,000 --> 00:46:19,799
Speaker 1: John McCain entered that fugue state in the two eight

781
00:46:19,840 --> 00:46:24,239
Speaker 1: debate against Obama. Did you see that? Yeah? Man, I

782
00:46:24,239 --> 00:46:26,520
Speaker 1: couldn't believe it. Even Obama was like, what is this

783
00:46:26,600 --> 00:46:29,000
Speaker 1: guy doing? He even he made that face and I

784
00:46:29,000 --> 00:46:30,800
Speaker 1: think he pointed his thumb off to this time he

785
00:46:30,800 --> 00:46:35,000
Speaker 1: would to a different place state. Uh. One thing you

786
00:46:35,000 --> 00:46:36,759
Speaker 1: want to do is get a cat scan or an

787
00:46:36,880 --> 00:46:40,560
Speaker 1: m r I or both and see a doctor immediately,

788
00:46:40,560 --> 00:46:43,759
Speaker 1: you know, and find out what the heck is going on. Yeah, Like,

789
00:46:43,840 --> 00:46:46,680
Speaker 1: don't don't If you can't remember things that you usually can,

790
00:46:47,040 --> 00:46:51,719
Speaker 1: don't mess around. It could be a sign of early Alzheimer's. UM,

791
00:46:51,760 --> 00:46:55,439
Speaker 1: it could be a sign of mild cognitive impairment. They're

792
00:46:55,480 --> 00:46:57,879
Speaker 1: both kinds of dementia, Yeah, which I want to mess

793
00:46:57,880 --> 00:47:00,200
Speaker 1: around with that. You can get amnesia from the thos

794
00:47:00,360 --> 00:47:03,440
Speaker 1: or it can be a symptom of dementia, but UM,

795
00:47:03,640 --> 00:47:08,759
Speaker 1: dementia and amnesia are not one and the same. Um. So, Chuck,

796
00:47:08,800 --> 00:47:13,200
Speaker 1: why don't you see people wearing like, uh prevent amnesia

797
00:47:13,280 --> 00:47:15,520
Speaker 1: t shirts on like a five k run walk to

798
00:47:15,600 --> 00:47:19,239
Speaker 1: fight amnesia? I don't know. Because there's no way to

799
00:47:19,280 --> 00:47:21,799
Speaker 1: prevent it, aside from maybe wearing a helmet when you're

800
00:47:21,880 --> 00:47:26,479
Speaker 1: riding a bike, avoiding trees with loose coconuts, UM, doing

801
00:47:26,520 --> 00:47:29,080
Speaker 1: what you can to prevent a stroke or cut down

802
00:47:29,080 --> 00:47:32,680
Speaker 1: on your risk of stroke uh, and steering clear of

803
00:47:32,760 --> 00:47:36,279
Speaker 1: highly stressful events. Apparently, there's really not a lot you

804
00:47:36,280 --> 00:47:40,200
Speaker 1: can do with amnesia. It's bad luck. Is something pretty

805
00:47:40,280 --> 00:47:43,719
Speaker 1: much something that happens to you that causes it, that's right, UM.

806
00:47:43,800 --> 00:47:48,640
Speaker 1: But again, there are possible they're working on some treatments.

807
00:47:48,680 --> 00:47:51,799
Speaker 1: There's no pill now, but they're working on treatments in

808
00:47:51,840 --> 00:47:57,040
Speaker 1: the the cutting edge field that's starting to yield possibly

809
00:47:57,560 --> 00:48:01,000
Speaker 1: results that could be used to treat amnesia. Are UM

810
00:48:01,400 --> 00:48:05,600
Speaker 1: are studying fear extinction the opposite. They're trying to induce

811
00:48:05,600 --> 00:48:09,239
Speaker 1: s amnisia and PTSD patients, which I think we talked

812
00:48:09,239 --> 00:48:12,040
Speaker 1: about this in our PTSD episode. I think so. If

813
00:48:12,040 --> 00:48:15,120
Speaker 1: you've ever seen the movie Eternal Sunshine in the Spotless Mind,

814
00:48:15,239 --> 00:48:19,080
Speaker 1: that was one of the greatest no And I actually

815
00:48:19,120 --> 00:48:21,000
Speaker 1: had people say, how was that not on there? That

816
00:48:21,080 --> 00:48:23,200
Speaker 1: was a good movie. It was a good movie. We'll

817
00:48:23,200 --> 00:48:27,880
Speaker 1: call it one on one, okay, UM. And in that movie, Uh,

818
00:48:28,040 --> 00:48:31,400
Speaker 1: people would pay money to have certain in the in

819
00:48:31,440 --> 00:48:33,839
Speaker 1: the case of the movie, certain people remove from their mind,

820
00:48:34,320 --> 00:48:37,319
Speaker 1: like a former girlfriend that was so painful you just

821
00:48:37,719 --> 00:48:40,839
Speaker 1: wanted no trace over in your memory. Um. But they

822
00:48:40,880 --> 00:48:43,799
Speaker 1: are researching that at La Doo Laboratory at n y

823
00:48:43,920 --> 00:48:47,560
Speaker 1: U in New York. UH. They did an experiment where

824
00:48:48,520 --> 00:48:51,160
Speaker 1: with rats where they would associate a sound with him

825
00:48:51,200 --> 00:48:55,320
Speaker 1: being shocked, and they found that in adult rats um

826
00:48:55,360 --> 00:48:57,319
Speaker 1: when they heard that sound, of course, they would freeze

827
00:48:57,400 --> 00:48:58,960
Speaker 1: up like they were going to get shocked, but in

828
00:48:59,040 --> 00:49:02,640
Speaker 1: baby rats they didn't UM. And what they learned was

829
00:49:02,760 --> 00:49:06,960
Speaker 1: after about three weeks of age, a sort of a

830
00:49:07,000 --> 00:49:11,120
Speaker 1: molecular sheath would form around the cells in the amygdala.

831
00:49:11,920 --> 00:49:15,600
Speaker 1: So they found a drug that would dissolve that sheath

832
00:49:16,239 --> 00:49:23,120
Speaker 1: and basically leave it prone to UH manipulation replasticization. Yeah.

833
00:49:23,160 --> 00:49:25,160
Speaker 1: And then they basically found that if that sheath has

834
00:49:25,200 --> 00:49:28,560
Speaker 1: gone and dissolved, that they could erase fear memories and

835
00:49:28,600 --> 00:49:32,320
Speaker 1: the adult rats were not affected any longer by that sound,

836
00:49:32,400 --> 00:49:36,080
Speaker 1: the buzzing sound. And they don't know about humans yet,

837
00:49:36,120 --> 00:49:39,160
Speaker 1: but they're there. That's obviously why they're studying it. Well,

838
00:49:39,520 --> 00:49:41,440
Speaker 1: they there just don't want to learn about rats in

839
00:49:41,440 --> 00:49:45,280
Speaker 1: their memory, right, Um, and we we know a pretty

840
00:49:45,280 --> 00:49:49,600
Speaker 1: decent amount of human in memory formation, um, thanks to

841
00:49:49,680 --> 00:49:53,280
Speaker 1: a specific patient named well. For many many years, until

842
00:49:53,280 --> 00:49:55,359
Speaker 1: just a couple of years ago, he was known only

843
00:49:55,360 --> 00:49:58,080
Speaker 1: as h. M. Yeah, and he was a man who

844
00:49:58,600 --> 00:50:01,319
Speaker 1: now that he's died, his identity has been revealed as

845
00:50:01,320 --> 00:50:04,480
Speaker 1: Henry Mollison. Yeah. He was a lot like Clive Wearing.

846
00:50:04,920 --> 00:50:09,160
Speaker 1: His memory didn't refresh quite as frequently. But um, he

847
00:50:09,280 --> 00:50:13,960
Speaker 1: was the initial memory patient. Yeah. He was had a

848
00:50:14,000 --> 00:50:17,200
Speaker 1: bike wreck when he was a kid and was epileptic

849
00:50:17,239 --> 00:50:20,360
Speaker 1: from then on. In those siezures to relieve those seizures,

850
00:50:20,760 --> 00:50:25,400
Speaker 1: they removed part of his amygdala, I'm sorry, all of

851
00:50:25,440 --> 00:50:28,440
Speaker 1: his amigdala and most of his hippocampus and it stopped

852
00:50:28,440 --> 00:50:31,879
Speaker 1: the seizures, which is great. But then they found out, hey,

853
00:50:32,000 --> 00:50:34,560
Speaker 1: we've got a really good memory patient on our hands now, right,

854
00:50:34,600 --> 00:50:38,040
Speaker 1: because he just couldn't remember, and he was also a

855
00:50:38,120 --> 00:50:41,400
Speaker 1: very good, easy going guy. Yeah. They studied him for life, Yes,

856
00:50:41,680 --> 00:50:44,800
Speaker 1: from like nineteen fifty three on, I think in nineteen

857
00:50:44,840 --> 00:50:47,320
Speaker 1: fifty five on. Yeah, and by on we mean to

858
00:50:47,520 --> 00:50:50,319
Speaker 1: two thousand and eight. He just died semi recently and

859
00:50:50,320 --> 00:50:52,680
Speaker 1: they're still slicing his brain apart and sending it out

860
00:50:52,719 --> 00:50:56,520
Speaker 1: to people to study UM, and he also his brain,

861
00:50:56,719 --> 00:51:01,080
Speaker 1: I should say, proved that memory is not long circuit.

862
00:51:01,200 --> 00:51:03,680
Speaker 1: The processes in one long circuit, where like with a

863
00:51:03,760 --> 00:51:06,239
Speaker 1: string of Christmas lightbulbs, if one bowl burns out, the

864
00:51:06,239 --> 00:51:09,480
Speaker 1: whole thing does. Because he could remember stuff from his

865
00:51:09,560 --> 00:51:12,680
Speaker 1: past up to the time when he got the surgery,

866
00:51:12,840 --> 00:51:15,080
Speaker 1: he just couldn't form new memories. So they figured out

867
00:51:15,160 --> 00:51:19,920
Speaker 1: that UM long term memory storage and retrieval was distinct

868
00:51:20,200 --> 00:51:23,920
Speaker 1: from new memory formation, which, as we've seen you and

869
00:51:23,960 --> 00:51:27,640
Speaker 1: I explained fully. Yeah, they should do. I wish more

870
00:51:27,640 --> 00:51:31,320
Speaker 1: people like Henrietta Axe and and h M were honored,

871
00:51:32,360 --> 00:51:34,960
Speaker 1: Like these people should have like statues in front of hospitals,

872
00:51:35,600 --> 00:51:39,520
Speaker 1: these people who suffered for the greater good, you know,

873
00:51:39,560 --> 00:51:42,640
Speaker 1: as far as research and scientifics yea, or like those

874
00:51:42,680 --> 00:51:46,120
Speaker 1: twins that were separated by the New York Um Family

875
00:51:46,160 --> 00:51:49,400
Speaker 1: Services for Twins studies. Yeah, yeah, those kids need some

876
00:51:49,440 --> 00:51:53,799
Speaker 1: statues or and some move on the box. The girl

877
00:51:53,840 --> 00:51:56,160
Speaker 1: in the box. Now the awful the most awful case

878
00:51:56,200 --> 00:51:59,319
Speaker 1: ever be a Skinner's kid was that the one that

879
00:51:59,640 --> 00:52:02,680
Speaker 1: they they sasically tortured as a child, oh, very recently,

880
00:52:03,239 --> 00:52:06,759
Speaker 1: like she was recently discovered. I think it was a boy.

881
00:52:07,239 --> 00:52:08,880
Speaker 1: I heard about a girl who was kept in a

882
00:52:08,960 --> 00:52:12,480
Speaker 1: closet for her whole life and then in Texas and

883
00:52:12,520 --> 00:52:16,440
Speaker 1: I remember that too, Yeah, but not to study as abuse, right, yes,

884
00:52:16,480 --> 00:52:19,319
Speaker 1: it's total abuse. Now, there was some I know we've

885
00:52:19,320 --> 00:52:22,239
Speaker 1: talked about it before, some boy who was purposefully sort

886
00:52:22,280 --> 00:52:25,600
Speaker 1: of abused for the purposes of research. Oh are you

887
00:52:25,640 --> 00:52:27,759
Speaker 1: talking about? And like they didn't have his real name

888
00:52:27,760 --> 00:52:30,440
Speaker 1: and know who it was. And for me, little Albert,

889
00:52:30,520 --> 00:52:33,960
Speaker 1: little Albert, where they they studied fear extinction in him

890
00:52:34,360 --> 00:52:37,080
Speaker 1: by making him scared of things. Yeah, yeah, he definitely

891
00:52:37,080 --> 00:52:39,560
Speaker 1: observes a statue. See you remember that and I didn't.

892
00:52:39,840 --> 00:52:43,000
Speaker 1: So let's um, you said something that that they couldn't

893
00:52:43,040 --> 00:52:45,040
Speaker 1: remember his name I think is what triggered it. Yeah,

894
00:52:45,400 --> 00:52:48,720
Speaker 1: so uh and that is uh, that's part of encoding.

895
00:52:49,040 --> 00:52:52,440
Speaker 1: I encoded it. It's right with the idea little Albert.

896
00:52:52,680 --> 00:52:55,160
Speaker 1: They didn't remember his original name. Your trail of bread

897
00:52:55,160 --> 00:52:57,719
Speaker 1: crumbs is more solid. So let's talk pop culture real

898
00:52:57,800 --> 00:53:01,360
Speaker 1: quick man, good movies, Memento. You mentioned internal sunshine, this

899
00:53:01,400 --> 00:53:04,200
Speaker 1: potherus mine what else? Um? One of my favorites is

900
00:53:04,280 --> 00:53:07,080
Speaker 1: Maholland Drive. I don't remember amnesia of being a part

901
00:53:07,080 --> 00:53:10,240
Speaker 1: of that, but yeah, the the one girl couldn't remember anything,

902
00:53:10,360 --> 00:53:15,080
Speaker 1: is it the main character? Yeah, the burnette Vanilla Sky. Yeah.

903
00:53:15,120 --> 00:53:18,560
Speaker 1: I did not care for with it. I know everybody

904
00:53:18,600 --> 00:53:20,160
Speaker 1: didn't like him, not I didn't like it. There was

905
00:53:20,200 --> 00:53:23,680
Speaker 1: original open my eyes. I think it was the original

906
00:53:23,680 --> 00:53:26,160
Speaker 1: Spanish language film that was based on It was really good.

907
00:53:26,200 --> 00:53:30,359
Speaker 1: At what else I don't know, I don't Oh, well,

908
00:53:30,480 --> 00:53:34,760
Speaker 1: Jason Bourne, Yeah he had amnesia. Yeah. Um, fifty first Dates.

909
00:53:34,800 --> 00:53:37,680
Speaker 1: That was a cute one about amnesia. It's a cute movie.

910
00:53:38,320 --> 00:53:40,480
Speaker 1: I didn't see it. And if you I used to

911
00:53:40,480 --> 00:53:45,120
Speaker 1: see it, okay. Um, And if you reverse your perspective

912
00:53:45,120 --> 00:53:49,560
Speaker 1: a little bit groundhog Day where Bill Murray has a

913
00:53:49,719 --> 00:53:54,120
Speaker 1: tremendously excellent memory and everyone else has amnesia. Yea. And

914
00:53:54,160 --> 00:53:57,360
Speaker 1: I think this is a great time to acknowledge the great,

915
00:53:57,480 --> 00:54:01,480
Speaker 1: great Harold Ramos of on hog Day and Stripes and

916
00:54:01,600 --> 00:54:06,120
Speaker 1: Animal House and Caddyshack and Ghostbusters and Ghostbusters. Yeah, what

917
00:54:06,239 --> 00:54:10,200
Speaker 1: a loss. He defined comedy for our generation. He died

918
00:54:10,239 --> 00:54:13,319
Speaker 1: at sixty nine, which is so young, so young, and

919
00:54:13,400 --> 00:54:15,920
Speaker 1: check there's no way we could do an amnesia episode

920
00:54:15,920 --> 00:54:19,560
Speaker 1: without mentioning Benjamin Kyle. You remember him. He was found

921
00:54:19,600 --> 00:54:22,920
Speaker 1: in two thousand four in a dumpster, naked and unconscious

922
00:54:22,920 --> 00:54:26,120
Speaker 1: in Richmond Hill, Georgia, and he came. We've talked about

923
00:54:26,200 --> 00:54:28,440
Speaker 1: him before and like one of those one minute bs

924
00:54:28,560 --> 00:54:35,000
Speaker 1: things um and he cannot remember anything. He has complete autobiographical,

925
00:54:35,480 --> 00:54:42,319
Speaker 1: episodic amnesia, retrograde amnesia, and nothing is helping. They've put

926
00:54:42,360 --> 00:54:44,920
Speaker 1: him on MPR, they put him on CNN, they put

927
00:54:44,960 --> 00:54:48,000
Speaker 1: him on ABC, they put him on News Channel. They've

928
00:54:48,040 --> 00:54:50,799
Speaker 1: done stories on him around the world. He has a

929
00:54:50,840 --> 00:54:54,319
Speaker 1: website called Finding Benjamin b E N j A m

930
00:54:54,360 --> 00:54:57,160
Speaker 1: A n dot com and they want to figure out

931
00:54:57,200 --> 00:54:59,120
Speaker 1: who this guy is. He wants to know who he is.

932
00:54:59,400 --> 00:55:02,440
Speaker 1: They have not figured it out. The case is still cold,

933
00:55:02,680 --> 00:55:06,759
Speaker 1: so he's not faking it. No, if he's faking it,

934
00:55:07,040 --> 00:55:09,400
Speaker 1: he has totally given himself over the idea that he

935
00:55:09,440 --> 00:55:11,480
Speaker 1: will never be found out because he has put himself

936
00:55:11,520 --> 00:55:14,320
Speaker 1: out there. He lives in a bureaucratic limbo because he

937
00:55:14,360 --> 00:55:16,640
Speaker 1: doesn't have a Social Security number. He can't get a

938
00:55:16,640 --> 00:55:19,640
Speaker 1: new one because he's he's like sixty years old, and

939
00:55:19,680 --> 00:55:21,799
Speaker 1: the Feds are like, what do you need a new

940
00:55:22,120 --> 00:55:25,080
Speaker 1: use your old one. We gave you one before. Um.

941
00:55:25,120 --> 00:55:28,040
Speaker 1: And he has no idea there's a documentary that's coming

942
00:55:28,040 --> 00:55:30,959
Speaker 1: out about him or that might be out now. Um.

943
00:55:31,000 --> 00:55:34,719
Speaker 1: But yeah, it's totally legitimate case of full retrograde amnesia

944
00:55:35,600 --> 00:55:39,120
Speaker 1: waking up in a dumpster naked in Georgia. And the

945
00:55:39,160 --> 00:55:41,879
Speaker 1: reason he's called Benjamin Kyle is because he's pretty sure

946
00:55:41,920 --> 00:55:44,759
Speaker 1: his first name was Benjamin. But um, when he was

947
00:55:44,800 --> 00:55:47,839
Speaker 1: taken to the hospital, there was already a John Doe there,

948
00:55:48,200 --> 00:55:50,520
Speaker 1: so they called him b K because they was found

949
00:55:50,520 --> 00:55:54,120
Speaker 1: behind a Burger king, So he took the name Benjamin Kyle.

950
00:55:54,400 --> 00:55:58,080
Speaker 1: It's his name, could have been Mickey d could be anything. Wow, Well,

951
00:55:58,120 --> 00:56:02,040
Speaker 1: faking it is a thing, I think. Um. I think Hess,

952
00:56:02,160 --> 00:56:07,440
Speaker 1: Rudolph Hess, the Nazi. I didn't look this up, but

953
00:56:07,480 --> 00:56:11,279
Speaker 1: I think I remember somewhere that he faked amnesia to

954
00:56:11,400 --> 00:56:15,279
Speaker 1: get out of his war crimes for a period. I

955
00:56:15,320 --> 00:56:18,200
Speaker 1: believe it. That guy was s ob all around. Yeah,

956
00:56:18,920 --> 00:56:21,720
Speaker 1: here's a Nazi, I know. I think he did fake amnesian.

957
00:56:21,719 --> 00:56:23,399
Speaker 1: I think he even fooled his doctors for a time,

958
00:56:23,440 --> 00:56:25,920
Speaker 1: but then later admitted that he had faked it. I

959
00:56:26,000 --> 00:56:28,760
Speaker 1: might be wrong. Did generate. I didn't do specific research

960
00:56:28,800 --> 00:56:31,080
Speaker 1: on that, so we'll see he was a black shirt though,

961
00:56:31,800 --> 00:56:33,880
Speaker 1: No way, he was a brown shirt. I got it

962
00:56:33,880 --> 00:56:38,440
Speaker 1: wrong again. Brown shirts with the German black shirts were Italian. Okay,

963
00:56:38,520 --> 00:56:41,600
Speaker 1: all right, Uh, well that's amnisia. You got anything else,

964
00:56:41,880 --> 00:56:44,520
Speaker 1: sir man, If you want to read more about it,

965
00:56:44,520 --> 00:56:47,000
Speaker 1: you should type amnesia into the search bar at how

966
00:56:47,080 --> 00:56:49,440
Speaker 1: stuff works dot com and it will bring up this article.

967
00:56:49,719 --> 00:56:55,520
Speaker 1: Since I said search parts time for a listener mail. Uh.

968
00:56:55,560 --> 00:56:58,279
Speaker 1: This is from a termite expert. He was a pest

969
00:56:58,280 --> 00:57:00,480
Speaker 1: control operator for seven and a half years and on

970
00:57:00,520 --> 00:57:03,640
Speaker 1: the board of the New York State Pest Management Association.

971
00:57:04,840 --> 00:57:08,200
Speaker 1: Hey guys, when you talked about a termidicide treatment, you

972
00:57:08,280 --> 00:57:11,319
Speaker 1: stated it is injected into the colony. Uh. This isn't

973
00:57:11,360 --> 00:57:14,759
Speaker 1: quite right. Could be misleading to the average homeowner. Uh,

974
00:57:14,800 --> 00:57:18,080
Speaker 1: it makes them think that the colony will be killed off.

975
00:57:18,440 --> 00:57:22,640
Speaker 1: What really happens is that termidicide is injected to form

976
00:57:22,720 --> 00:57:25,800
Speaker 1: a barrier on a few inches of treated soil around

977
00:57:25,800 --> 00:57:28,280
Speaker 1: the foundation of the house. When termites come into contact

978
00:57:28,320 --> 00:57:31,200
Speaker 1: with it, they shortly die. Eventually, the colony realizes something

979
00:57:31,280 --> 00:57:34,600
Speaker 1: is wrong and send out alarm pheromones to uh, for

980
00:57:34,680 --> 00:57:37,760
Speaker 1: the others to avoid it. As to the bait, you stated,

981
00:57:37,840 --> 00:57:40,080
Speaker 1: it might leach into the soil. This makes for good

982
00:57:40,200 --> 00:57:46,000
Speaker 1: radio or podcasting, but again it's an alarm to the homeowner. Uh,

983
00:57:46,200 --> 00:57:49,240
Speaker 1: that's not necessarily true. Bait is solid and small and

984
00:57:49,280 --> 00:57:54,200
Speaker 1: it will not leach, but it will explode. When I

985
00:57:54,240 --> 00:57:55,760
Speaker 1: was in the business, there were two types of bait.

986
00:57:55,800 --> 00:57:57,680
Speaker 1: The first was a poison like bait for mice you

987
00:57:57,680 --> 00:58:00,640
Speaker 1: put in your home. We didn't use that, but it

988
00:58:00,760 --> 00:58:04,320
Speaker 1: is a but that's about it and simple to understand. H.

989
00:58:04,400 --> 00:58:06,480
Speaker 1: The idea is hopefully they will realize something is wrong

990
00:58:06,520 --> 00:58:08,680
Speaker 1: and not come back. The second type of bait, which

991
00:58:08,680 --> 00:58:12,200
Speaker 1: we used, interfered with the molting process. You could actually

992
00:58:12,200 --> 00:58:15,640
Speaker 1: see them turn a milky white. As young termites could

993
00:58:15,680 --> 00:58:18,600
Speaker 1: not grow. The colony died as a nation would die

994
00:58:18,880 --> 00:58:21,800
Speaker 1: if no new children were born. Like the movie Children

995
00:58:21,800 --> 00:58:24,560
Speaker 1: of Men, that's a good movie. This program was the

996
00:58:24,560 --> 00:58:26,760
Speaker 1: only one at the time that would eliminate a colony.

997
00:58:27,240 --> 00:58:29,160
Speaker 1: I hate to nitpick. You guys run a good show,

998
00:58:29,680 --> 00:58:31,800
Speaker 1: and I just want to see it done right. And

999
00:58:31,800 --> 00:58:36,240
Speaker 1: that is from Sean Duffy of Pittsburg, a termite expert

1000
00:58:36,280 --> 00:58:41,440
Speaker 1: who likes to pick knits. Hey, thanks Sean, Right, yeah, uh,

1001
00:58:41,720 --> 00:58:45,040
Speaker 1: we appreciate that. Actually, I'm just teasing. Uh. If you

1002
00:58:46,120 --> 00:58:49,120
Speaker 1: want to tell us something we misstated, slightly or otherwise,

1003
00:58:49,160 --> 00:58:52,040
Speaker 1: you can let us know. Join us on Twitter at

1004
00:58:52,160 --> 00:58:54,400
Speaker 1: s y s K podcast is our handle. Join us

1005
00:58:54,400 --> 00:58:56,840
Speaker 1: on Facebook, dot com slash Stuff you Should Know, check

1006
00:58:56,880 --> 00:59:00,040
Speaker 1: out our YouTube channel just search Josh and Chucky, and

1007
00:59:00,280 --> 00:59:02,760
Speaker 1: as always, join us at our home on the web,

1008
00:59:02,840 --> 00:59:10,320
Speaker 1: The Luxurious Estate Stuff you Should Know dot Com Stuff

1009
00:59:10,360 --> 00:59:12,320
Speaker 1: you Should Know is a production of iHeart Radio's How

1010
00:59:12,360 --> 00:59:15,080
Speaker 1: Stuff Works. For more podcasts for my heart Radio, visit

1011
00:59:15,080 --> 00:59:17,800
Speaker 1: the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen

1012
00:59:17,840 --> 00:59:21,880
Speaker 1: to your favorite shows. H