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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you missed in history class from how

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Katie Lambert and I'm Sarada and Sarah. What if

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Speaker 1: I walked up to your cube and said to you,

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Speaker 1: death to the fascist insect that prays upon the life

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Speaker 1: of the people. I would say, Katie, what are you

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Speaker 1: talking about? And I would tell you, Sarah that that

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Speaker 1: was the motto of the Symbionese Liberation Army, the group

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Speaker 1: that kidnapped Heiress Patty Hurst. And probably a lot of

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Speaker 1: us know Patty Hurst better than her famous grandfather, William

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Speaker 1: Randolph Hurst, the publishing giant who we've talked about now

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Speaker 1: in the news podcast and a podcast dedicated to his

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Speaker 1: life and the Hurst Castle, Pipe and the Castle. But

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Speaker 1: a short time after Patty Hurst was kidnapped, she proclaimed

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Speaker 1: herself one of the s l A and started robbing

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Speaker 1: banks with them and calling herself Tanya. So the question here,

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Speaker 1: of course, is what on earth happened? And to start

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Speaker 1: that off, we should probably get some background about who

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Speaker 1: the s l A is. Yeah, the Simonse Liberation Army.

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Speaker 1: The title doesn't really give us much information. It kind

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Speaker 1: of sounds like gobbledy gook. So we need to go

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Speaker 1: back into their history and find out how they started. Right.

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Speaker 1: So the group grew out of a black inmate organization

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Speaker 1: called the Black Cultural Association, and it was started with

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Speaker 1: the best of intentions. Berkeley students came to a California

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Speaker 1: prison in the sixties and seventies to tutor prisoners and

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Speaker 1: subjects like political science. So it was kind of a

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Speaker 1: self help group for prisoners, but it ended up turning

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Speaker 1: into a black nationalist group that got violent. Yeah, one prisoner,

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Speaker 1: Donald Defrees, took the lead, and some of the tutors

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Speaker 1: got involved too, and by nineteen seventy three, in March,

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Speaker 1: Defrees escapes from prison and goes to the Berkeley kids, right,

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Speaker 1: and they're stealing weapons, they're robbing places. They've got this

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Speaker 1: faux military discipline where they're training in military maneuvers, but honestly,

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Speaker 1: you don't really know what they're doing. And their ideas

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Speaker 1: were about ending racism, ending monogamy, ending the prison system,

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Speaker 1: and you know anything else that sounded vaguely capitalist. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: So the s LA is this strange mixture of white,

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Speaker 1: upper middle class, well educated men and women and then

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Speaker 1: a prisoner of African American prisoner who is their leader,

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Speaker 1: and they all went violence to this is not a

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Speaker 1: peaceful movement now. So in November six ninety three, the

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Speaker 1: s l A makes their move and they kill black

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Speaker 1: school superintendent Marcus Foster because he was trying to institute

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Speaker 1: a system of school ideas, which they were very against.

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Speaker 1: But this action turns the rest of the political left

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Speaker 1: and there are a lot of political radicals at Berkeley

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Speaker 1: against them, because well, if you're going to kill someone,

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Speaker 1: why would you start with a well respected black superintendent. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so this is the start of the s l A.

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Speaker 1: The how on earth did they enter the life of

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Speaker 1: Patty Hurst, this famous heiress, right because she led a

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Speaker 1: very privileged life. She was born in nineteen fifty four

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Speaker 1: in San Francisco, and, being the granddaughter of William Randolph Hurst,

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Speaker 1: grew up very wealthy. She later described her childhood as

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Speaker 1: pretty perfect, although she had some rebellious moments. She started

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Speaker 1: dating one of her teachers when she was sixteen or so, which,

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Speaker 1: as you can imagine, her parents were really thrilled about,

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Speaker 1: and they ended up engaged and living together. Different sources

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Speaker 1: say she might have had more rebellion than just this

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Speaker 1: romance with her teacher, and she may have fought with nuns,

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Speaker 1: she may have experimented with LSD and had a sexual

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Speaker 1: history that began at age fifteen. But um, things are

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Speaker 1: a little a little dodgy about well, and that just

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Speaker 1: makes me think of I guess the Amanda Knox trial,

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Speaker 1: since at the time of recording that's been going on,

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Speaker 1: she was just convicted, and it just makes a more

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Speaker 1: interesting story to make her either a good girl or

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Speaker 1: a bad girl. And well, I mean, if you're experimenting

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Speaker 1: with drugs and adding sex, clearly that sticks you in

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Speaker 1: the bad girl category. Well, it's trying to to make

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Speaker 1: a context around what later happens to her, make it

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Speaker 1: makes sense. And I want to make sure my sarcasms epdence.

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Speaker 1: I am not classifying Patty hers that's a quote unquote

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Speaker 1: bad girl. So that brings us up to our main event.

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Speaker 1: February four, nineteen, Patty is kidnapped from her apartment in

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Speaker 1: Berkeley by the Symbionese Liberation Army. A woman comes to

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Speaker 1: the door. She says she's having car trouble, classic scam move.

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Speaker 1: Can she use the phone? Patty opens the door. Two

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Speaker 1: guys come in with automatic weapons, they beat up her fiance,

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Speaker 1: teacher teacher. Right, Patty's taken away, she's blindfolded and tied up,

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Speaker 1: and then she's stuck in a hot, dark closet for

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Speaker 1: days where no one talks to her but to freeze.

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Speaker 1: So we don't know what she raped, beaten. They probably

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Speaker 1: don't let her sleep or eat very much, and her

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Speaker 1: life is probably threatened. But her yeah, some of her

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Speaker 1: accounts change. She wrote a book about it, but she

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Speaker 1: said different things in court, and she'd said different things

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Speaker 1: and other interviews, so we're a little fuzzy on that,

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Speaker 1: but I'm going to go ahead and say it wasn't

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Speaker 1: a pleasant experience. And on the outside there's a media

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Speaker 1: frenzy going on. You can imagine this young socialite has

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Speaker 1: been kidnapped, and a few days later, the s l

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Speaker 1: A says that they have Patty, they've judged her guilty,

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Speaker 1: and they'd let her go of their demands were met,

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Speaker 1: And they also said that they would not cooperate with

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Speaker 1: the police, so don't even bother getting them involved. And

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Speaker 1: their main method of communication is sending recordings to the

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Speaker 1: police or the media. So an example from their February

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Speaker 1: twelve recording said greetings of profound love to all comrades

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Speaker 1: and the concentration camps of fascist America and to all

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Speaker 1: the children. And then they've got Patty saying that she's

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Speaker 1: with a combat unit. They're armed. She wants to get out,

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Speaker 1: and she just hopes that her parents will do what

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Speaker 1: they say. She also said that she was okay and

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Speaker 1: she wasn't being starved or beaten, and not to try

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Speaker 1: to find her. So the s l A makes their

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Speaker 1: demand to the hearsts. They want three hundred million dollars

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Speaker 1: worth of food given to the poor, which is a

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Speaker 1: pretty original demand, I'd have to say, yeah, And the

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Speaker 1: left actually likes this ransom. All the radicals around Berkeley

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Speaker 1: think this is a fantastic idea, but Randolph Hurst, Patty's father,

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Speaker 1: says it's impossible. So another recording comes out shortly after that,

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Speaker 1: and Patty says, since I am an example, and it's

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Speaker 1: really important that everybody understand that, you know, I am

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Speaker 1: an example and a warning, and because of this, it's

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Speaker 1: very important to the s l A that I returned safely.

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Speaker 1: She also says people should stop acting like she's dead,

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Speaker 1: and she wants her mom to get out of her

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Speaker 1: black dress which isn't helping, and just take care of

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Speaker 1: her fiance and just hurry. So she feels perhaps like

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Speaker 1: her family is putting on this public spectacle but not

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Speaker 1: really doing what needs to get done to get her out.

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Speaker 1: But she also still sounds very much like the kidnap

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Speaker 1: victim at the spot. So February nineteenth, hers are going

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Speaker 1: to start a food distribution program people in need. It

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Speaker 1: will feed a hundred thousand people for twelve months with

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Speaker 1: two million dollars, which is a far site short of

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Speaker 1: the three million s l A wants. And it's not

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Speaker 1: organized well because partly because it's just put together in

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Speaker 1: such a current right that riots start at the food

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Speaker 1: distribution points. So clearly this isn't working out quite as

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Speaker 1: anyone had hoped. So Patty releases another statement. She says, Mom, Dad,

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Speaker 1: I've been hearing reports about the food program so far

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Speaker 1: it sounds like you and your advisers have managed to

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Speaker 1: turn it into a real disaster. You said that it

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Speaker 1: was out of your hands. What you should have said

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Speaker 1: was that you wash your hands of it. It sounds

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Speaker 1: like most of the food is low quality. No one

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Speaker 1: received any beef or lamb anyway. It certainly didn't sound

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Speaker 1: like the kind of food our family is used to eating.

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Speaker 1: And then that's when you have to wonder is Patty

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Speaker 1: just reading off what they give her or is this,

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Speaker 1: you know, her own thing that she's saying, because that

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Speaker 1: is such an oath snap moment, like to go on

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Speaker 1: you know, national media and tell your family they simply

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Speaker 1: aren't doing a good enough of a job with their

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Speaker 1: vast wealth. So at this point the f l A

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Speaker 1: Is trying to convert Patty. Though she's rich, it's her

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Speaker 1: own fault that she's been kidnapped, right, and that she's

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Speaker 1: part of this capitalist machine, and they demand six million

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Speaker 1: dollars from from her father and Mr Hurst says no.

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Speaker 1: So again you have to imagine how it must have

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Speaker 1: felt to be Patty and hearing that your family has

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Speaker 1: abandoned you and they won't pay your ransom. And that

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Speaker 1: appears to be when she switches sides, because on April three,

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Speaker 1: another recording comes out and she said that she'd been

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Speaker 1: given the choice of being released or joining the forces

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Speaker 1: of the Symbionese Liberation Army and fighting for her freedom

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Speaker 1: and the freedom of all oppressed people, and she says,

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Speaker 1: I have chosen to stay and fight. I have been

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Speaker 1: given the name Tanya, after a comrade who fought alongside

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Speaker 1: Jay in Bolivia. So she's in. She's a member now.

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Speaker 1: And that brings us to the central question of the

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Speaker 1: whole Patty Hurst case. Is it Stockholm syndrome that's going

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Speaker 1: on here? Has she been brainwashed? Is she just trying

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Speaker 1: to survive and doing what she has to do? Or

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Speaker 1: is she rebelling? Is she acting out against this sheltered,

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Speaker 1: privileged life that she's had, And we have to imagine,

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Speaker 1: I mean, up until this point, it would have been

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Speaker 1: a very traumatic situation for her. And you might be

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Speaker 1: just trying to please your captors however you can. Or

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Speaker 1: is it just exciting to be around these weapons and

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Speaker 1: these political radicals and all the free love that's going on.

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Speaker 1: And I think you know, whether was she rebellious before

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Speaker 1: or not, that's kind of beside the point. You know,

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Speaker 1: it doesn't matter if if she tinkered with a little

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Speaker 1: rebellion before this. She's she's got an amazing chance for

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Speaker 1: rebellion on a full new level. Note, So email us

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Speaker 1: and let us know what you think at History Podcast

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Speaker 1: asked at how stuff works dot com because we like

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Speaker 1: some extra opinion. But going back to our story, it's

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Speaker 1: April fifteen, and this is Patty's big moment to shine

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Speaker 1: as far as the news goes. She robs a bank

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Speaker 1: with the s l A and she's armed, and the Hurst,

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Speaker 1: of course, say that Patty is in acting of her

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Speaker 1: own accord. The FBI puts out a wanted poster, but

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Speaker 1: they just want her as a material witness. They think

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Speaker 1: she must have been forced to do this at gunpoint.

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Speaker 1: And and this robbery is probably if you've ever seen

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Speaker 1: a picture of Patty Hurst, it's probably from the bank cameras, right,

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Speaker 1: And she releases another statement. They're big on statements, and

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Speaker 1: she says, no, she wasn't in fact forced to do this.

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Speaker 1: She also calls her former fiance an agist, sexist pig

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Speaker 1: and says our actions of April fifteen forced the corporate

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Speaker 1: state to help finance the revolution. As for being brainwashed,

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Speaker 1: the idea is ridiculous, to the point of being beyond belief.

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Speaker 1: I am a soldier in the People's army, so we're

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Speaker 1: not leaving any doubt there. Now she's on the lamb.

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Speaker 1: The fb I wanted poster changes. Now she's armed and

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Speaker 1: very dangerous. She's not just wanted for, you know, questioning.

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Speaker 1: She's not a kidnapping victim. And there's another little incident.

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Speaker 1: There are some members of the s l A who

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Speaker 1: are shoplifting at a store in Los Angeles and the

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Speaker 1: police hadn't even known that the s l A had

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Speaker 1: moved to l A, so this was kind of a

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Speaker 1: big deal. And Patty shoots out the storefront windows. So

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Speaker 1: again she's by herself. Now she's in a car by herself,

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Speaker 1: and she does this action by herself. So the question

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Speaker 1: that will later come up in her trial over and

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Speaker 1: over again is why didn't she ever just leave? And

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Speaker 1: that's something that comes up with a lot of kidnap victims,

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Speaker 1: um if they had a chance to leave at some point,

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Speaker 1: why didn't they? And I don't I don't think people

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Speaker 1: can grasp the psychological hold to that someone can have

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Speaker 1: over you. And that's what Patty keeps saying. Her life

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Speaker 1: was threatened over and over and over again, so she

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Speaker 1: thought if she left, they would still get her somehow.

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Speaker 1: But that brings us to May nine four, and this

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Speaker 1: is a big change for the s l A. To

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Speaker 1: put it very lightly, the Los Angeles Police Department has

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Speaker 1: completely had it with this group, and they find six

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Speaker 1: members of the s l A hold up in Compton

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Speaker 1: and start a gun battle, which is televised live. The

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Speaker 1: police end up setting the house on fire and all

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Speaker 1: six members of the s l A die. Patty's not there,

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Speaker 1: but she's watching on TV from a hotel room, and

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Speaker 1: one of the first statements they releases that no, Patty

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Speaker 1: Hurst was not one of the six who were killed,

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Speaker 1: but the f l as that are left send the

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Speaker 1: news of eulogy for the ones who died, and Patty

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Speaker 1: says also that she's in love with Willie Wolfe. So

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Speaker 1: sorry teacher fiance Weed, he's so out of the Xober.

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Speaker 1: She also calls her family the pig Hursts, and Mrs

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Speaker 1: Hurst responds, I just hope everybody will remember that physically,

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Speaker 1: Patty is still a kidnap victim. She was taken away

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Speaker 1: against her will, and psychologically she he's a victim of

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Speaker 1: thought control by terrorists and all I can do is

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Speaker 1: hope and pray that God will bring her home again.

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Speaker 1: So she sticks to this line throughout the whole story

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Speaker 1: and throughout the trial, and then they disappear. Um Patty,

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Speaker 1: Patty's gone, and Randolph Hurst withdraws his fifty thou dollar

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Speaker 1: reward um and it's quiet for a little while, and

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Speaker 1: then the bank rubbing starts again. And in one of

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Speaker 1: the robberies, Myrna Opsol, who's an innocent bystander, is killed

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Speaker 1: in April nineteen seventy five, and this will come up

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Speaker 1: later because we end up finding the person. And in August,

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Speaker 1: the l a p d finds pipe bombs under two

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Speaker 1: of their police cars, so the search is on again,

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Speaker 1: and Patty and her friends are caught in September, and

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Speaker 1: when asked for her occupation, Patty Hurst says urban guerrilla.

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Speaker 1: So Patty's trial began January nineteen seventy six, and the

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Speaker 1: Heirst get f lee Bailey to defend her, who's a big,

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Speaker 1: big time lawyer write in a good celebrity attorne everyone

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Speaker 1: needs one, and Mrs Hurst says she's primarily a kidnap victim.

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Speaker 1: She never went off and did anything of her own

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Speaker 1: free will. So that's the line the defense is going

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Speaker 1: to stick to, saying that she was terrified, she was abused,

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Speaker 1: it's possible she was drugged, and also that she was brainwashed.

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Speaker 1: But that's kind of a disaster because the jury doesn't

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Speaker 1: seem to understand the science behind that. A bunch of

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Speaker 1: doctors are called in to explain, but maybe it's not

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Speaker 1: explained well enough and it's very inconsistent, right, So I

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Speaker 1: think a bunch of them just thought it was BS.

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Speaker 1: And the trial itself is kind of bananas. It's definitely sensational.

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Speaker 1: The judge is off giving interviews to all sorts of papers,

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Speaker 1: which of course inappropriate and unethical. We'd like to add.

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Speaker 1: A doctor for the prosecution even calls Patty a rebel

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Speaker 1: looking for a cause, so they really are trying to

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Speaker 1: demonize her, and she ends up being convicted on March

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Speaker 1: tent nineteen six. She's guilty of armed bank robbery and

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Speaker 1: sentenced to seven years in PRIs, but she gets out

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Speaker 1: after twenty two months. Jimmy Carter commuted her sentence and

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Speaker 1: she gets a full pardon from Bill Clinton on the

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Speaker 1: last day of his terms. The s l A members

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Speaker 1: who kidnapped hers later received eight year terms, and Patty

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Speaker 1: Hurst went on to live a relatively quiet life. She's

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Speaker 1: co authored some books. She married her bodyguard and had children,

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Speaker 1: one of whom is Lydia Hurst, the socialite. She's bred

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Speaker 1: some dogs, been in some John Waters films, but this

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Speaker 1: was probably the defining episode of her life, whether she

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Speaker 1: likes it or not, and the question will always remain

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Speaker 1: was it Stockholm syndrome or was it just a fun,

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Speaker 1: exciting time in her life brief window of craziness, or

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Speaker 1: of course was she brainwashed? And luckily for you all,

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Speaker 1: we have articles on both at how stuffworks dot com.

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Speaker 1: If you go to wear homepage and type in Stockholm

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Speaker 1: syndrome or brainwashing at www dot how stuff works dot com.

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Speaker 1: For more on this and thousands of other topics, visit

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Speaker 1: how staff works dot com and be sure to check

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Speaker 1: out this stuff you missed in History Class blog on

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Speaker 1: the house stuff works dot com home page. Bo