1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:03,240 Speaker 1: Hi everyone, It's me Josh and for this week's s 2 00:00:03,360 --> 00:00:07,240 Speaker 1: Y s K selects have chosen how Lethal Injection Works. Uh, 3 00:00:07,280 --> 00:00:10,320 Speaker 1: in the holiday spirit. We released this around Christmas of 4 00:00:10,360 --> 00:00:13,200 Speaker 1: two thousand thirteen, and it can be a hard one 5 00:00:13,240 --> 00:00:16,960 Speaker 1: to listen to, but since whenever a person is executed, 6 00:00:17,440 --> 00:00:20,439 Speaker 1: the state is actually doing it on your behalf, since 7 00:00:20,480 --> 00:00:23,439 Speaker 1: you're a member of the public, it's probably best to 8 00:00:23,480 --> 00:00:27,200 Speaker 1: know what they're doing in your name. It's an eye 9 00:00:27,240 --> 00:00:31,240 Speaker 1: opening one and a sobering one, and I hope it 10 00:00:31,280 --> 00:00:32,960 Speaker 1: means a lot to you, because it did to me. 11 00:00:39,960 --> 00:00:43,400 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you should Know from how Stuff Works 12 00:00:43,440 --> 00:00:52,080 Speaker 1: dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, 13 00:00:52,159 --> 00:00:54,840 Speaker 1: and this Charles if you Chuck Bryant, and this is 14 00:00:54,840 --> 00:01:00,080 Speaker 1: stuff you should know the podcast. Greetings. This is not 15 00:01:00,400 --> 00:01:05,880 Speaker 1: a capital punishment show, although we will deal with that obviously, 16 00:01:06,240 --> 00:01:09,080 Speaker 1: but we at some point we'll probably do a full 17 00:01:09,120 --> 00:01:11,960 Speaker 1: episode on capital punishment. I would guess, don't you imagine, 18 00:01:12,480 --> 00:01:14,680 Speaker 1: because we have notice on it, and uh, we're gonna 19 00:01:14,680 --> 00:01:17,240 Speaker 1: touch on it here with legal injections. Yeah, and just 20 00:01:17,600 --> 00:01:20,960 Speaker 1: coming across some stuff on the electric electric chair that 21 00:01:21,080 --> 00:01:24,200 Speaker 1: to me seems like it deserves its own episode as well. 22 00:01:24,200 --> 00:01:26,080 Speaker 1: It's because it's some nuts. It sounds like we're cooking 23 00:01:26,160 --> 00:01:30,280 Speaker 1: up a sweet. Yeah, the Capital punishman sweet. We come 24 00:01:30,360 --> 00:01:32,480 Speaker 1: up with the best sweets, don't we. Well, it's a 25 00:01:32,480 --> 00:01:34,880 Speaker 1: big deal. You know, it's important. I agree to you, 26 00:01:35,560 --> 00:01:40,039 Speaker 1: you know, um Chuck. About fourteen hours ago, a guy 27 00:01:40,160 --> 00:01:44,720 Speaker 1: named Joseph Paul Franklin. I can't remember what he his 28 00:01:45,080 --> 00:01:47,200 Speaker 1: birth name was, but he legally changed his name to 29 00:01:47,280 --> 00:01:51,000 Speaker 1: Joseph Paul after in honor of Joseph Paul Gebel's, the 30 00:01:51,120 --> 00:01:54,080 Speaker 1: Nutzi propagandist. What a nice guy he must be to 31 00:01:54,160 --> 00:01:57,120 Speaker 1: change his name to that, right, So Missouri just executed 32 00:01:57,200 --> 00:02:02,120 Speaker 1: him at twelve oh one Wednesday. Member was today the 33 00:02:02,160 --> 00:02:08,520 Speaker 1: ninete one of those two, and actually hustler publisher Larry 34 00:02:08,560 --> 00:02:11,320 Speaker 1: Flint was making a big hubbub trying to keep the 35 00:02:11,320 --> 00:02:14,800 Speaker 1: man from being killed, which was somewhat ironic, although not 36 00:02:14,840 --> 00:02:17,840 Speaker 1: really if you followed Larry Flint's career, because he was 37 00:02:17,880 --> 00:02:20,560 Speaker 1: the man who supposedly shot Larry Flint and paralyzed him 38 00:02:20,560 --> 00:02:23,720 Speaker 1: for life. Supposedly was he not convicted of that. No, 39 00:02:23,840 --> 00:02:26,840 Speaker 1: he he confessed to it, and it was quite possible 40 00:02:26,960 --> 00:02:29,240 Speaker 1: the reason that he gave for doing it was because 41 00:02:29,360 --> 00:02:35,840 Speaker 1: um Hustler had had some um, some interracial spread that 42 00:02:35,880 --> 00:02:40,560 Speaker 1: the guy didn't like, and he was targeting interracial couples. 43 00:02:40,600 --> 00:02:44,200 Speaker 1: He shot a couple of black kids in Ohio, I 44 00:02:44,280 --> 00:02:49,160 Speaker 1: believe um. And he was killed in Missouri because he 45 00:02:49,280 --> 00:02:51,680 Speaker 1: randomly picked St. Louis out of the phone book and 46 00:02:51,880 --> 00:02:54,000 Speaker 1: went and found a synagogue and just sat outside and 47 00:02:54,040 --> 00:02:57,200 Speaker 1: took shots at people as they came out of a bar. Mitzvah. 48 00:02:57,320 --> 00:02:59,960 Speaker 1: So he's racist, he's an anti Semite. He also had 49 00:03:00,560 --> 00:03:04,320 Speaker 1: serious mental health issues as well. Um Andy shot Larry 50 00:03:04,320 --> 00:03:08,200 Speaker 1: flinty um, but he was executed. And the whole reason 51 00:03:08,240 --> 00:03:11,799 Speaker 1: that Larry Flint was creating this hubub about not killing 52 00:03:11,800 --> 00:03:15,079 Speaker 1: this guy. One Flint head of famous quote from the 53 00:03:15,160 --> 00:03:17,800 Speaker 1: last news cycle that he didn't think the government should 54 00:03:17,800 --> 00:03:19,640 Speaker 1: be in the business of killing people. So he's against 55 00:03:19,639 --> 00:03:22,079 Speaker 1: capital punishment anyway. You can say it like Larry Flint, 56 00:03:23,120 --> 00:03:25,000 Speaker 1: I don't do a very good Larry Flint. You put 57 00:03:25,080 --> 00:03:29,359 Speaker 1: some marbles in your mouth, you're gonna try. Um. So 58 00:03:29,440 --> 00:03:31,960 Speaker 1: he he just doesn't think that the death penalties a 59 00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:35,360 Speaker 1: good thing. Anyway. He's an abolitionist. You would say, um, 60 00:03:35,440 --> 00:03:39,800 Speaker 1: and then Secondly, he he filed a suit to have 61 00:03:39,920 --> 00:03:43,520 Speaker 1: the name of the supplier of the drug that was 62 00:03:43,520 --> 00:03:47,680 Speaker 1: going to be used in the lethal injection revealed unsealed 63 00:03:47,720 --> 00:03:50,920 Speaker 1: because it's secret and it's not supposed to be secret. 64 00:03:51,120 --> 00:03:54,000 Speaker 1: But as we'll find out, states recently have had to 65 00:03:54,120 --> 00:03:58,200 Speaker 1: scramble to come up with the drugs to execute prisoners 66 00:03:58,240 --> 00:04:01,080 Speaker 1: of the state. Yeah, there's a big thing going on 67 00:04:01,160 --> 00:04:03,760 Speaker 1: that we'll talk about. But that was the most recent 68 00:04:04,800 --> 00:04:08,680 Speaker 1: uh execution in the United States, makes thirty five for 69 00:04:08,760 --> 00:04:12,840 Speaker 1: the year, and all but one of those were lethal injections, 70 00:04:12,960 --> 00:04:15,320 Speaker 1: the other one being the electric chair. Yeah, it is 71 00:04:15,760 --> 00:04:19,720 Speaker 1: fast become the go to method for most states in 72 00:04:19,760 --> 00:04:25,000 Speaker 1: many countries. If you're gonna get capital punishment UH going, 73 00:04:25,120 --> 00:04:27,400 Speaker 1: then yeah, probably gonna do it by way of lethal 74 00:04:27,400 --> 00:04:30,600 Speaker 1: injection these days. Yeah, but it's also the newest one too, 75 00:04:30,960 --> 00:04:35,440 Speaker 1: And it came out of this um this well basically 76 00:04:35,520 --> 00:04:39,560 Speaker 1: what amounted to an abolitionist movement in the nineteen sixties 77 00:04:39,560 --> 00:04:41,640 Speaker 1: and seventies that sought to just get rid of the 78 00:04:41,680 --> 00:04:46,039 Speaker 1: death penalty. And that was the third major movement in 79 00:04:46,080 --> 00:04:50,679 Speaker 1: the United States since the late eighteenth century where people 80 00:04:50,680 --> 00:04:53,919 Speaker 1: were just trying to get rid of capital punishment altogether. Yeah, 81 00:04:54,160 --> 00:04:58,080 Speaker 1: they did halt at nineteen seventy two after Supreme Court 82 00:04:58,160 --> 00:05:02,640 Speaker 1: ruling firm in the Georgia. Uh, and they are remember 83 00:05:02,680 --> 00:05:06,040 Speaker 1: reading about this later. Obviously I didn't read nineteen seventy two. 84 00:05:06,440 --> 00:05:08,719 Speaker 1: I would have been very advanced one year old. But 85 00:05:09,800 --> 00:05:12,719 Speaker 1: they said it was cruel and unusual under the Eighth Amendment, 86 00:05:13,320 --> 00:05:16,039 Speaker 1: violating the eighth Amendment of the Constitution. And then but 87 00:05:16,160 --> 00:05:19,320 Speaker 1: four years later they reversed that and Greg versus Georgia, 88 00:05:19,400 --> 00:05:22,279 Speaker 1: and UM said, you know what, maybe that is cool 89 00:05:22,360 --> 00:05:24,680 Speaker 1: on your usual, so let's come up with a way 90 00:05:24,680 --> 00:05:28,039 Speaker 1: that's not. And they came up with lethal injection. Yeah. 91 00:05:28,120 --> 00:05:30,880 Speaker 1: And the reason why that cruel and unusual I had 92 00:05:30,920 --> 00:05:35,480 Speaker 1: a lot of traction was because, um, there were hangings before, 93 00:05:35,720 --> 00:05:38,680 Speaker 1: and hangings are very very messy, sting. If the news 94 00:05:38,760 --> 00:05:41,840 Speaker 1: isn't right, the head can pop right off, or if 95 00:05:41,880 --> 00:05:43,920 Speaker 1: the neck isn't broken, the person just hangs there and 96 00:05:43,920 --> 00:05:46,800 Speaker 1: suffocates for a minute or two and then dies. Um. 97 00:05:47,320 --> 00:05:50,440 Speaker 1: And then the electrocution is really really awful too. I 98 00:05:50,480 --> 00:05:55,159 Speaker 1: was reading a list of botched executions, and electrocutions are 99 00:05:55,240 --> 00:05:59,040 Speaker 1: very frequently botched. People their heads catch fire, blood comes out, 100 00:05:59,080 --> 00:06:01,920 Speaker 1: of their eyes. It's really all full stuff. So there 101 00:06:02,000 --> 00:06:06,200 Speaker 1: was this idea that the whole point of this it's retributive. 102 00:06:06,360 --> 00:06:09,719 Speaker 1: It's you did something so bad that we as a 103 00:06:09,760 --> 00:06:14,039 Speaker 1: society have decided that you can't live any longer. But 104 00:06:14,560 --> 00:06:16,880 Speaker 1: we as a society aren't as cruel as you are. 105 00:06:17,040 --> 00:06:19,520 Speaker 1: You know, the point isn't to make you suffer. It's 106 00:06:19,560 --> 00:06:21,640 Speaker 1: just to take your life and to do it in 107 00:06:21,640 --> 00:06:25,640 Speaker 1: the most humane way possible. Well, electrocution, hanging, gas chamber, 108 00:06:25,720 --> 00:06:28,200 Speaker 1: none of those really fit the bill. So somebody came 109 00:06:28,240 --> 00:06:30,640 Speaker 1: up with the idea of lethal injection. But this wasn't 110 00:06:30,680 --> 00:06:32,840 Speaker 1: the first time that was proposed that. The first time 111 00:06:32,920 --> 00:06:36,400 Speaker 1: was in the nineteenth century, I think, oh yeah, yeah. 112 00:06:36,440 --> 00:06:40,760 Speaker 1: There was a guy named Julius mount Brier, and he 113 00:06:41,040 --> 00:06:43,640 Speaker 1: was a doctor out in New York who said, you know, 114 00:06:43,720 --> 00:06:46,960 Speaker 1: this would work because it would be efficient, humane, and 115 00:06:47,000 --> 00:06:50,040 Speaker 1: it would keep the person from having UM some sort 116 00:06:50,080 --> 00:06:53,480 Speaker 1: of hero status developed around them that sometimes comes from 117 00:06:53,480 --> 00:06:57,600 Speaker 1: people who are hanged. But they went with electrocution instead. Well, 118 00:06:57,640 --> 00:07:00,640 Speaker 1: in two the US became the first country to use 119 00:07:00,800 --> 00:07:04,359 Speaker 1: lethal injection, and like we said, since then it's really 120 00:07:04,400 --> 00:07:10,480 Speaker 1: become predominant UM. I think the current number of states 121 00:07:10,520 --> 00:07:14,840 Speaker 1: that have the death penalty is thirty two as of today. 122 00:07:15,400 --> 00:07:18,720 Speaker 1: But it's tough because states are have been repealing it. 123 00:07:18,720 --> 00:07:21,560 Speaker 1: It's dropping like flies. I don't know about like flies, 124 00:07:21,640 --> 00:07:26,680 Speaker 1: but maybe like honey bees, right, and those are those 125 00:07:26,720 --> 00:07:30,800 Speaker 1: are states that have taken the possibility of capital punishment 126 00:07:30,840 --> 00:07:34,120 Speaker 1: off of their books. Right. So, Um, well, you know 127 00:07:34,320 --> 00:07:37,640 Speaker 1: thirty two or is the number that have the death penalty, right? 128 00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:42,560 Speaker 1: Thirty two have a death penalty, um. Not necessarily meaning 129 00:07:42,560 --> 00:07:46,520 Speaker 1: that they used that in the past year. Necessarily. There's 130 00:07:46,560 --> 00:07:49,680 Speaker 1: something called de facto abolition, which is basically like, yeah, 131 00:07:49,680 --> 00:07:52,000 Speaker 1: it's on our books, but we haven't used it in 132 00:07:52,040 --> 00:07:53,960 Speaker 1: so long that we might as well not even have 133 00:07:54,080 --> 00:07:58,680 Speaker 1: the death penalty. Um. So chuck, Like we said, lethal 134 00:07:58,720 --> 00:08:04,120 Speaker 1: injection is the it's the most frequently used method in 135 00:08:04,160 --> 00:08:06,720 Speaker 1: the United States, and it's fast becoming the same around 136 00:08:06,760 --> 00:08:11,080 Speaker 1: the world. China picked it up after the United States 137 00:08:11,160 --> 00:08:14,760 Speaker 1: and they replaced their shootings. Um. And that kind of 138 00:08:14,840 --> 00:08:17,640 Speaker 1: led to it seems like almost a domino effect throughout 139 00:08:17,680 --> 00:08:20,960 Speaker 1: Asia of other countries picking it up as well. Yeah, 140 00:08:21,040 --> 00:08:25,800 Speaker 1: the Philippines, Taiwan, uh, Guatemala there in Central America. Um, 141 00:08:25,840 --> 00:08:30,240 Speaker 1: they have all gone to lethal injection, and right now, 142 00:08:30,280 --> 00:08:33,440 Speaker 1: I have in two thousand twelve, fifty eight countries used 143 00:08:33,520 --> 00:08:41,320 Speaker 1: lethal injection, down from sixty seven UH and sixty three 144 00:08:41,640 --> 00:08:45,880 Speaker 1: INN and a hundred and forty countries of outlawed the 145 00:08:45,880 --> 00:08:48,839 Speaker 1: death penalty worldwide. So and like you said, states are 146 00:08:49,280 --> 00:08:52,760 Speaker 1: kind of starting to abolish it. Yeah, executions are down 147 00:08:52,840 --> 00:08:54,720 Speaker 1: in general in the United States last year there were 148 00:08:54,800 --> 00:08:57,920 Speaker 1: forty three. This year, like we said, there's been thirty 149 00:08:57,960 --> 00:09:01,640 Speaker 1: five and we're fast closing out the year. Um, but 150 00:09:02,360 --> 00:09:06,320 Speaker 1: lethal injection is the go to method of execution, and 151 00:09:06,360 --> 00:09:10,120 Speaker 1: so we're going to figure out how it works. That's right. 152 00:09:10,360 --> 00:09:12,839 Speaker 1: Right now, there are three thousand, one d and eight 153 00:09:12,960 --> 00:09:16,120 Speaker 1: people as of spring of this year on death row 154 00:09:17,760 --> 00:09:19,880 Speaker 1: or male of course, because you don't find a lot 155 00:09:19,880 --> 00:09:22,840 Speaker 1: of females on death row because they're smart enough to 156 00:09:22,880 --> 00:09:26,240 Speaker 1: not to kill other people generally speaking. Is that what 157 00:09:26,280 --> 00:09:29,920 Speaker 1: it is? Yeah, women are much smarter. Um. A lot 158 00:09:30,000 --> 00:09:32,000 Speaker 1: of these folks have been on death row for decades 159 00:09:32,280 --> 00:09:36,199 Speaker 1: waiting to die. Maybe they're working through the appeals process 160 00:09:36,200 --> 00:09:39,959 Speaker 1: because that all has to happen first. Um, some will 161 00:09:40,000 --> 00:09:44,520 Speaker 1: die on death row without ever going into an execution chamber. Yeah, 162 00:09:44,600 --> 00:09:48,400 Speaker 1: it happens. Some people commit or try to commit suicide 163 00:09:48,400 --> 00:09:51,680 Speaker 1: before they can be executed after their appeals run out. Sure, 164 00:09:51,960 --> 00:09:55,320 Speaker 1: there's a guy in Georgia who almost successfully killed himself. 165 00:09:55,760 --> 00:09:59,320 Speaker 1: He cut his karated artery um with what I wonder, 166 00:10:00,080 --> 00:10:02,600 Speaker 1: razor that guarded given him. I guess to shave with us. 167 00:10:02,600 --> 00:10:06,760 Speaker 1: Sensibly like the razor and the guy, they rushed into 168 00:10:06,800 --> 00:10:09,120 Speaker 1: the hospital, saved his life and then executed him a 169 00:10:09,120 --> 00:10:15,440 Speaker 1: week later. Wow, it's a funny country. Um. So you're 170 00:10:15,440 --> 00:10:19,079 Speaker 1: on death row, you've exhausted your appeals. Um, you're finally 171 00:10:19,080 --> 00:10:21,480 Speaker 1: going to get that execution order and a date will 172 00:10:21,480 --> 00:10:24,480 Speaker 1: be set in place for that execution. Um. At this point, 173 00:10:24,559 --> 00:10:28,080 Speaker 1: you're going to be moved from death row to a 174 00:10:28,120 --> 00:10:32,200 Speaker 1: place called death watch, and that is basically the that's 175 00:10:32,200 --> 00:10:34,840 Speaker 1: the last stop. That's your holding area for the last 176 00:10:35,120 --> 00:10:37,600 Speaker 1: days or weeks, right. Um. So, death watch is both 177 00:10:37,600 --> 00:10:40,880 Speaker 1: a physical place like it's it's frequently in the same 178 00:10:40,960 --> 00:10:44,840 Speaker 1: part of the prison that the execution chamber is located, 179 00:10:45,440 --> 00:10:47,880 Speaker 1: or it might be in another prison entirely. Some states 180 00:10:47,920 --> 00:10:50,880 Speaker 1: just maintain one execution chamber for the whole state, and 181 00:10:50,880 --> 00:10:53,120 Speaker 1: it's at a certain prison. So you'd be transferred to 182 00:10:53,160 --> 00:10:56,640 Speaker 1: that place. And then death watch also is supposedly they're 183 00:10:56,679 --> 00:11:00,000 Speaker 1: supposed to watch you so you don't commit suicide. Um, 184 00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:02,520 Speaker 1: and it's also your I think rights kind of open 185 00:11:02,640 --> 00:11:07,040 Speaker 1: up a little more. You're you get visits from people. Um. 186 00:11:07,200 --> 00:11:10,120 Speaker 1: You your treatment is a little better. I think you 187 00:11:10,120 --> 00:11:13,679 Speaker 1: you get a room with a view, as it were, um, 188 00:11:13,720 --> 00:11:17,360 Speaker 1: and you're you start the perforation of of dying, of 189 00:11:17,440 --> 00:11:20,440 Speaker 1: saying goodbye, and of coming to terms with the fact 190 00:11:20,480 --> 00:11:23,079 Speaker 1: that it's happening. Yeah, you know, the state of Texas 191 00:11:23,080 --> 00:11:26,080 Speaker 1: has these death watch rooms at um on highway exits, 192 00:11:27,080 --> 00:11:30,640 Speaker 1: most highway exits. You got your gas station, your subway, 193 00:11:30,640 --> 00:11:34,160 Speaker 1: and your yeah, your death watch room. I'm kidding, but 194 00:11:34,240 --> 00:11:37,720 Speaker 1: Texas executes a lot of people, it does. Texas bears. 195 00:11:37,800 --> 00:11:40,400 Speaker 1: They execute a lot. But they're not the only ones 196 00:11:40,480 --> 00:11:43,800 Speaker 1: that have no all sorts of weirdness going on. Apparently 197 00:11:44,120 --> 00:11:48,320 Speaker 1: two percent of counties account for like fifty to seventy 198 00:11:48,400 --> 00:11:51,320 Speaker 1: percent of executions in the United States. It just seems 199 00:11:51,320 --> 00:11:53,480 Speaker 1: like Texas comes up all the time when they're like 200 00:11:54,160 --> 00:11:56,520 Speaker 1: the last time this method was used or the first 201 00:11:56,559 --> 00:11:59,040 Speaker 1: time this method was used a Texas well. Texas was 202 00:11:59,080 --> 00:12:02,439 Speaker 1: the first one to usually the injection like you said exactly, Um, 203 00:12:02,480 --> 00:12:04,440 Speaker 1: and yeah, they kill a lot of people there. Yeah, 204 00:12:04,760 --> 00:12:07,240 Speaker 1: not picking on you Texas. I love you guys. No here, 205 00:12:07,280 --> 00:12:12,040 Speaker 1: I've got one Alabama. In Alabama. Uh it is um, 206 00:12:12,080 --> 00:12:16,160 Speaker 1: it takes a unanimous jury to hand down a life sentence, 207 00:12:16,480 --> 00:12:18,920 Speaker 1: but it takes ten of twelve to hand down a 208 00:12:18,960 --> 00:12:23,400 Speaker 1: death sentence. Really Yeah, and a judge can over rule um, 209 00:12:23,520 --> 00:12:26,240 Speaker 1: a jury a life sentence jury Yeah, and say no, 210 00:12:26,400 --> 00:12:29,520 Speaker 1: this person needs a death penalty and they do it frequently. Interesting. 211 00:12:30,280 --> 00:12:32,400 Speaker 1: We'll pick on Georgia two in a minute. Okay, Well 212 00:12:32,440 --> 00:12:34,880 Speaker 1: Georgia was the one that executed the guy after saving 213 00:12:34,880 --> 00:12:38,520 Speaker 1: his life after the suicide attempt. All right, great, Uh, 214 00:12:39,280 --> 00:12:40,960 Speaker 1: I just want to make sure we dolled out enough, 215 00:12:41,040 --> 00:12:45,440 Speaker 1: you know, embarrassment for each state. So, um, you're on 216 00:12:45,520 --> 00:12:48,720 Speaker 1: death watch. You can be visited more often, generally by 217 00:12:48,800 --> 00:12:51,640 Speaker 1: friends and family. We're in like the last twenty four 218 00:12:51,679 --> 00:12:55,240 Speaker 1: hours is now? Yeah, Um, your attorneys, spiritual advisors, you're 219 00:12:55,280 --> 00:12:58,319 Speaker 1: gonna get your last meal. That is not a fallacy. 220 00:12:58,720 --> 00:13:01,160 Speaker 1: Whatever you want, they'll prepare for you know that's not 221 00:13:01,200 --> 00:13:04,840 Speaker 1: necessarily true. Well, it depends. Generally they satisfy your desire. 222 00:13:04,880 --> 00:13:08,120 Speaker 1: But when does it not get satisfied. What state doesn't 223 00:13:08,160 --> 00:13:12,520 Speaker 1: do that? Really? Yeah, um, there was a legislation that 224 00:13:12,559 --> 00:13:17,240 Speaker 1: was passed after this one. This one inmate ordered a 225 00:13:17,320 --> 00:13:20,520 Speaker 1: meat Lever's pizza like twenty four tacos, like like this 226 00:13:20,640 --> 00:13:23,800 Speaker 1: awesome spread that Just reading it, I was like, oh man, 227 00:13:23,840 --> 00:13:26,080 Speaker 1: I'm kind of hungry for this reading about this this 228 00:13:26,120 --> 00:13:28,280 Speaker 1: man's last meal, and they didn't need any of it. 229 00:13:28,640 --> 00:13:31,880 Speaker 1: Even still, there's probably two dollars for the food, but 230 00:13:31,960 --> 00:13:34,640 Speaker 1: it caused enough outrage in the state legislature that they 231 00:13:34,679 --> 00:13:37,480 Speaker 1: passed the thing where it's like, you can have whatever 232 00:13:37,520 --> 00:13:41,640 Speaker 1: the prison cafeterias cooking that night, that's your last meal. Yeah. 233 00:13:41,679 --> 00:13:45,320 Speaker 1: There's a really great article in Lapham's Quarterly online for 234 00:13:45,440 --> 00:13:48,440 Speaker 1: free called Last Meal. Go check it out. It's just 235 00:13:48,520 --> 00:13:52,800 Speaker 1: basically this awesome history and contemporary evaluation of last meals. 236 00:13:53,480 --> 00:13:56,080 Speaker 1: That's pretty sad it is, but it's really interesting what 237 00:13:56,160 --> 00:13:59,200 Speaker 1: it says. Like there's a guy in Arkansas who was 238 00:13:59,280 --> 00:14:02,160 Speaker 1: executed in the nineties. His name was Verry Leaf fair Child, 239 00:14:02,640 --> 00:14:04,920 Speaker 1: and he pointed out that it doesn't make a lot 240 00:14:04,920 --> 00:14:07,160 Speaker 1: of sense to give a condemned person a last meal. 241 00:14:07,480 --> 00:14:09,440 Speaker 1: He said it was quote like putting gas in a 242 00:14:09,520 --> 00:14:12,520 Speaker 1: car that don't have no motor but like you have 243 00:14:12,600 --> 00:14:15,720 Speaker 1: no need to take in food because you have no 244 00:14:15,800 --> 00:14:18,079 Speaker 1: need to derive the energy from it any longer, because 245 00:14:18,080 --> 00:14:20,680 Speaker 1: you're about to lose your life. Well, it's not about 246 00:14:20,720 --> 00:14:24,720 Speaker 1: deriving energy, it's about enjoying one last thing, right. But 247 00:14:24,760 --> 00:14:27,320 Speaker 1: if you look at if you look at the capital 248 00:14:27,320 --> 00:14:32,480 Speaker 1: punishment system, that's it makes no sense. Yeah, it's it's interesting. 249 00:14:32,560 --> 00:14:34,760 Speaker 1: I say, go read the article little. I'm not getting 250 00:14:34,800 --> 00:14:36,880 Speaker 1: the point across very well. Well, I mean, I see 251 00:14:36,920 --> 00:14:39,400 Speaker 1: what he's saying, but it's not like you gotta fuel 252 00:14:39,480 --> 00:14:42,920 Speaker 1: up for the big day. It's like here, enjoy a steak. Yeah, 253 00:14:42,960 --> 00:14:44,720 Speaker 1: I know, I'm just saying like it flies in the 254 00:14:44,720 --> 00:14:47,200 Speaker 1: face of the rest of the criminal justice system. Oh well, sure, 255 00:14:47,280 --> 00:14:51,080 Speaker 1: enjoy the steak then, you know. And time was they 256 00:14:51,160 --> 00:14:54,720 Speaker 1: used to get you drunk, like beforehand, if you're going 257 00:14:54,760 --> 00:14:57,520 Speaker 1: to get hanged in London, like from the prison to 258 00:14:57,680 --> 00:15:00,400 Speaker 1: the gallows, they would stop and you you'd let you 259 00:15:00,480 --> 00:15:02,680 Speaker 1: drink as much as you want and and then would 260 00:15:02,680 --> 00:15:05,720 Speaker 1: take you super drunk and kill you. Yeah, that's interesting 261 00:15:05,760 --> 00:15:10,960 Speaker 1: because that could provide a more docile um victim or 262 00:15:11,160 --> 00:15:13,880 Speaker 1: a really weepy one which would be really like someone 263 00:15:13,880 --> 00:15:15,960 Speaker 1: who starts causing lots of trouble. You know, yeah, he 264 00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:19,120 Speaker 1: wants to fight one last time. Exactly right. But apparently 265 00:15:19,160 --> 00:15:23,000 Speaker 1: I read somewhere that they sedate criminals. Are they condemned 266 00:15:23,040 --> 00:15:28,360 Speaker 1: here first? So that's kind of like a modern incarnation 267 00:15:28,400 --> 00:15:30,760 Speaker 1: of taking them and getting them drunk, handing them a volume. 268 00:15:30,840 --> 00:15:33,920 Speaker 1: Yeah that's true, you know. Okay, so you've had your 269 00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:37,120 Speaker 1: last meal, which may or not be awesome depending on 270 00:15:37,160 --> 00:15:39,920 Speaker 1: where you live. Um, your warden and your chaplain are 271 00:15:39,960 --> 00:15:43,040 Speaker 1: going to visit. They're gonna stay with you till the 272 00:15:43,160 --> 00:15:45,160 Speaker 1: end unless you don't want them there. You can probably 273 00:15:45,200 --> 00:15:51,480 Speaker 1: refuse any kind of religious associations if you want. Um. Witnesses. Uh, well, 274 00:15:51,520 --> 00:15:54,000 Speaker 1: we'll get to all that. But the witnesses arrive at 275 00:15:54,000 --> 00:15:56,840 Speaker 1: this point. Um, they're kept away from you though. They 276 00:15:56,840 --> 00:15:59,760 Speaker 1: don't get to like walk by and say things to you. No. 277 00:16:00,400 --> 00:16:03,680 Speaker 1: As a matter of fact, most witnesses are required well 278 00:16:03,720 --> 00:16:06,680 Speaker 1: in Texas, they can take pot shots. Are you there? 279 00:16:06,720 --> 00:16:12,520 Speaker 1: Six shooters? Um? Sorry Texas? Uh. They the witnesses and 280 00:16:12,720 --> 00:16:15,240 Speaker 1: pretty much across the board I'm sure, are required to 281 00:16:15,280 --> 00:16:19,200 Speaker 1: be totally silent the whole time they leave. Are brought 282 00:16:19,240 --> 00:16:22,360 Speaker 1: into the to the execution area. Yeah, not like the 283 00:16:22,360 --> 00:16:24,920 Speaker 1: people outside of prisons who are making lots of noise 284 00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:30,000 Speaker 1: usually right the other protests or or kill them, kill them. 285 00:16:30,040 --> 00:16:34,120 Speaker 1: That's as ugly as this country gets. Man. When you 286 00:16:34,120 --> 00:16:38,479 Speaker 1: see the footage of people outside prisons a controversial executions, 287 00:16:39,080 --> 00:16:42,680 Speaker 1: it's pretty bad. Uh. And then their final preparations. They're 288 00:16:42,720 --> 00:16:46,400 Speaker 1: gonna give you clean clothes, uh, but you take a 289 00:16:46,480 --> 00:16:50,280 Speaker 1: last shower or shower get dressed. Uh, and then connect 290 00:16:50,320 --> 00:16:54,720 Speaker 1: you to the old e k g um, which is gonna, 291 00:16:54,840 --> 00:16:57,320 Speaker 1: you know, let everyone know if you're gone, if you're 292 00:16:57,320 --> 00:16:59,400 Speaker 1: still with them. Yeah, they hook the e k g 293 00:16:59,600 --> 00:17:01,600 Speaker 1: up to you. It's not hooked anything yet, but they've 294 00:17:01,600 --> 00:17:06,480 Speaker 1: got it like a you're wired exactly. And then what's 295 00:17:06,480 --> 00:17:10,040 Speaker 1: your showered and dressed and wired up with the knee 296 00:17:10,160 --> 00:17:12,880 Speaker 1: KG and the warden and the chaplain are hanging out 297 00:17:12,920 --> 00:17:17,600 Speaker 1: with you. Um. At the predetermined time they will start 298 00:17:17,640 --> 00:17:23,360 Speaker 1: to move you into the execution chamber and um. Meanwhile, 299 00:17:23,400 --> 00:17:26,879 Speaker 1: the witnesses are there. And let's talk about the witnesses, 300 00:17:26,960 --> 00:17:30,960 Speaker 1: Like the fact that there are witnesses at executions is 301 00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:35,240 Speaker 1: actually the modern incarnation of a very long tradition like 302 00:17:35,280 --> 00:17:37,920 Speaker 1: we used to have public executions in this country. Yeah, 303 00:17:37,920 --> 00:17:40,120 Speaker 1: like thousands of people would show up. Sometimes they would 304 00:17:40,200 --> 00:17:44,080 Speaker 1: charge admission. Uh, And eventually that stopped and only a 305 00:17:44,160 --> 00:17:48,320 Speaker 1: select number of people were allowed to witness. But well 306 00:17:48,359 --> 00:17:50,520 Speaker 1: they're still witnesses. You know. Have you read about the 307 00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:55,680 Speaker 1: last public execution? And there was I didn't either, Okay, 308 00:17:55,680 --> 00:17:58,680 Speaker 1: so I thought you're asking no, no, just about it. Um. 309 00:17:58,720 --> 00:18:01,520 Speaker 1: There's a guy named Rainey Bethia in Kentucky who was 310 00:18:01,600 --> 00:18:05,920 Speaker 1: hanging in nineteen thirty six for rape and murder I think, um, 311 00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:09,640 Speaker 1: and his execution was attended by twenty people. The big 312 00:18:09,680 --> 00:18:11,720 Speaker 1: reason was it's not because they knew it was the 313 00:18:11,760 --> 00:18:14,359 Speaker 1: last public execution. I think they decided to stop that. 314 00:18:14,560 --> 00:18:18,600 Speaker 1: After this execution, there was a Kentucky basketball game after. Um. 315 00:18:18,600 --> 00:18:20,639 Speaker 1: The sheriff was a woman, So this is going to 316 00:18:20,720 --> 00:18:23,879 Speaker 1: be the first execution in US history ever conducted by 317 00:18:23,920 --> 00:18:26,800 Speaker 1: a woman, and people wanted to go see how badly 318 00:18:26,840 --> 00:18:28,920 Speaker 1: she was going to screw this up. And even though 319 00:18:28,960 --> 00:18:33,200 Speaker 1: she didn't, the press still wrote that she'd fainted. Um, 320 00:18:33,240 --> 00:18:35,480 Speaker 1: that like everything had been botched or whatever. But that's 321 00:18:35,480 --> 00:18:38,240 Speaker 1: why everybody turned out. But there were charges from out 322 00:18:38,280 --> 00:18:41,439 Speaker 1: of town reporters that people were having hanging parties, that 323 00:18:41,480 --> 00:18:44,200 Speaker 1: they were drunk in the streets partying. That basically there 324 00:18:44,280 --> 00:18:48,280 Speaker 1: was just a sense of revelry that shouldn't attend uh 325 00:18:48,359 --> 00:18:51,679 Speaker 1: an execution, and that was the last draw for public 326 00:18:51,680 --> 00:18:54,680 Speaker 1: executions in this country. But it got it got the 327 00:18:54,680 --> 00:18:58,560 Speaker 1: the idea that you need to have other people witness 328 00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:01,840 Speaker 1: a death when this executing somebody, just to make sure 329 00:19:01,840 --> 00:19:06,399 Speaker 1: it's totally transparent. That was carried on with witnesses today 330 00:19:06,440 --> 00:19:09,760 Speaker 1: and executions. Yeah, I mean that's part of it too, 331 00:19:09,800 --> 00:19:12,120 Speaker 1: and part of it is also to give victims closure, 332 00:19:12,800 --> 00:19:16,320 Speaker 1: the families that is of victims. Uh, there will be 333 00:19:16,640 --> 00:19:19,120 Speaker 1: sometimes family members of the prisoner too, and they are 334 00:19:19,640 --> 00:19:25,719 Speaker 1: generally kept apart um, not not always generally. Yeah. Um, 335 00:19:25,880 --> 00:19:28,879 Speaker 1: the prison warden is going to be there. Uh, you're 336 00:19:28,920 --> 00:19:31,720 Speaker 1: gonna have medical people on hand of course to make 337 00:19:31,760 --> 00:19:33,800 Speaker 1: sure it all goes as planned, which is pretty controversial 338 00:19:33,840 --> 00:19:36,679 Speaker 1: as we'll find. Uh. You got your spiritual advisor, like 339 00:19:36,720 --> 00:19:40,680 Speaker 1: we talked about, You've got your guards, um, state selected 340 00:19:40,680 --> 00:19:43,000 Speaker 1: witnesses maybe, I mean there might be members of the 341 00:19:43,040 --> 00:19:46,760 Speaker 1: state government there to watch it all go down. Yeah, 342 00:19:46,800 --> 00:19:50,199 Speaker 1: you've got media there. Um. You also have what are 343 00:19:50,240 --> 00:19:53,560 Speaker 1: known as reputable citizens, and those are basically just average 344 00:19:53,560 --> 00:19:58,240 Speaker 1: everyday citizens that witness executions. Is it like a lottery 345 00:19:58,320 --> 00:20:00,720 Speaker 1: or something. No, it's like you kind tech your state 346 00:20:00,800 --> 00:20:02,800 Speaker 1: d O C. And say, hey, I wanna I want 347 00:20:02,800 --> 00:20:05,320 Speaker 1: to witness an execution, and they send you an application 348 00:20:05,359 --> 00:20:07,760 Speaker 1: for him. You explain why you have to be over eighteen. 349 00:20:08,200 --> 00:20:10,320 Speaker 1: You have to explain why you want to do this. 350 00:20:10,440 --> 00:20:13,720 Speaker 1: But apparently the pool is thin enough that they're not 351 00:20:13,800 --> 00:20:16,280 Speaker 1: real selective. As long as you don't say, like, because 352 00:20:16,320 --> 00:20:19,200 Speaker 1: I want to see them like bleed or something like that, 353 00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:23,560 Speaker 1: they they will let you do this. Um. And apparently 354 00:20:23,800 --> 00:20:27,480 Speaker 1: when there was a surgeon executions in the nineties Chuck Um, 355 00:20:28,720 --> 00:20:31,440 Speaker 1: departments of corrections were so hard up because a lot 356 00:20:31,480 --> 00:20:34,639 Speaker 1: of state law says you have to have six reputable 357 00:20:34,640 --> 00:20:38,560 Speaker 1: citizens or twelve reputable citizens, that their pool was running thin. 358 00:20:38,960 --> 00:20:43,480 Speaker 1: So departments of corrections were actually advertising looking for people 359 00:20:43,520 --> 00:20:47,840 Speaker 1: to witness executions newspapers. It's just law. It's just that 360 00:20:47,920 --> 00:20:51,359 Speaker 1: hold over from having the public be a part of 361 00:20:51,400 --> 00:20:54,879 Speaker 1: this state monopoly on violence. It's stupid, but so much 362 00:20:54,920 --> 00:20:57,280 Speaker 1: so that they're trying to force it now. Well, I 363 00:20:57,320 --> 00:20:58,960 Speaker 1: don't think it's a problem anymore. It was just in 364 00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:03,840 Speaker 1: the nineties, like they were killing everybody in the nineties. Yeah, alright, 365 00:21:03,920 --> 00:21:08,879 Speaker 1: so you've got your witnesses there. Um, your your execution 366 00:21:08,960 --> 00:21:12,359 Speaker 1: chambers may have um clear glass with a curtain pulled, 367 00:21:12,880 --> 00:21:15,280 Speaker 1: maybe a one way mirror where you can only see 368 00:21:15,320 --> 00:21:21,240 Speaker 1: into the executed, into the condemned. Um. It all depends 369 00:21:21,320 --> 00:21:24,040 Speaker 1: on your state, basically, but it's generally going to be 370 00:21:24,080 --> 00:21:27,040 Speaker 1: a pretty quiet thing no matter where you are. It's 371 00:21:27,080 --> 00:21:29,080 Speaker 1: a whole group of people that are just being utterly 372 00:21:29,160 --> 00:21:32,800 Speaker 1: silent watching you. Or if it's there's too many family members, 373 00:21:32,800 --> 00:21:34,919 Speaker 1: they might have a close circuit feed going on in 374 00:21:34,960 --> 00:21:37,440 Speaker 1: another room. Yeah, if it's like you know, if it's 375 00:21:37,440 --> 00:21:40,359 Speaker 1: not roomy, and apparently in Illinois, if you're a family member, 376 00:21:40,359 --> 00:21:42,480 Speaker 1: the only way you can witness it is via close 377 00:21:42,520 --> 00:21:47,560 Speaker 1: circuit TV in another room in Illinois. In Illinois, all right, 378 00:21:48,080 --> 00:21:50,880 Speaker 1: it's another state. That's a new one. We haven't mentioned Illinois. Yeah. Yeah, 379 00:21:50,880 --> 00:21:53,280 Speaker 1: we didn't really make fun of them though, I guess 380 00:21:53,280 --> 00:21:56,159 Speaker 1: they're execution chambers. Small. Yeah, you can make fun of 381 00:21:56,160 --> 00:22:00,200 Speaker 1: them their enemy seats in their nice state budget. Um, 382 00:22:00,240 --> 00:22:03,840 Speaker 1: you've got your timeline of events. It's all very much 383 00:22:03,920 --> 00:22:08,199 Speaker 1: scheduled like down to the minute. Um, you're gonna have 384 00:22:08,359 --> 00:22:13,000 Speaker 1: your person properly dressed, you're gonna escort them into the chamber. 385 00:22:13,040 --> 00:22:15,639 Speaker 1: I was thinking about this when I was reading this article, Chuck. 386 00:22:16,040 --> 00:22:19,760 Speaker 1: Imagine like just taking a shower too fast, and so 387 00:22:19,840 --> 00:22:21,320 Speaker 1: you just kind of have to sit there on the 388 00:22:21,400 --> 00:22:25,040 Speaker 1: edge of the bed with the warden and whatever spiritual 389 00:22:25,080 --> 00:22:29,240 Speaker 1: adviser they throw at you, waiting to go be executed. 390 00:22:29,800 --> 00:22:34,359 Speaker 1: That has to be the worst wait ever. Yeah, Like 391 00:22:34,400 --> 00:22:36,360 Speaker 1: I can't imagine it being much worse than that, because 392 00:22:36,400 --> 00:22:38,520 Speaker 1: they can't be like, wow, we'll just get this started early. No, 393 00:22:38,720 --> 00:22:42,159 Speaker 1: everything is on a very delineated schedule, and they're just 394 00:22:42,240 --> 00:22:44,760 Speaker 1: kind of have to sit there until the time comes 395 00:22:44,800 --> 00:22:47,439 Speaker 1: to go to the execution chamber to get started. I 396 00:22:47,520 --> 00:22:50,320 Speaker 1: just to take a long shower. That stuck out to me. Yeah, okay, 397 00:22:51,200 --> 00:22:55,399 Speaker 1: the longest shower of your life. Um, the saddest shower 398 00:22:55,440 --> 00:22:57,840 Speaker 1: of your life for sure. Uh. You might be rolled 399 00:22:57,880 --> 00:23:00,440 Speaker 1: in and like restrained beforehand and rolled in on a jernie. 400 00:23:00,800 --> 00:23:03,200 Speaker 1: Sometimes you're allowed to walk there yourself and then you're 401 00:23:03,200 --> 00:23:07,480 Speaker 1: restrained once you're in there, and at that point they 402 00:23:07,480 --> 00:23:10,960 Speaker 1: are going to go ahead and pre rig you with 403 00:23:11,119 --> 00:23:15,680 Speaker 1: the I V tubes UM to lead you in there, 404 00:23:15,720 --> 00:23:17,960 Speaker 1: and then those once you get in there and you're 405 00:23:18,000 --> 00:23:20,920 Speaker 1: strapped in, they will be fed into what's called an 406 00:23:20,920 --> 00:23:26,720 Speaker 1: anti room where the actual UH death cocktails await and 407 00:23:26,760 --> 00:23:31,040 Speaker 1: the executioner awaits. Yeah, it's like an enclosed room away 408 00:23:31,080 --> 00:23:34,320 Speaker 1: from the eyes of everybody, including the condemned and the witnesses. 409 00:23:35,320 --> 00:23:38,760 Speaker 1: But you have two tubes. Most states required two. There's 410 00:23:38,760 --> 00:23:42,640 Speaker 1: a backup to one to serve as a backup. At 411 00:23:42,640 --> 00:23:45,399 Speaker 1: this point, you have your final statement if you so choose. 412 00:23:46,640 --> 00:23:49,160 Speaker 1: They'll read that out loud on the news that night. Yeah, 413 00:23:49,280 --> 00:23:51,119 Speaker 1: to be careful what you say. You can go on 414 00:23:51,240 --> 00:23:53,520 Speaker 1: to UM. Are we giving advice to de throw a night. 415 00:23:54,600 --> 00:23:57,440 Speaker 1: It just seccurred to me that we UM. You can 416 00:23:57,480 --> 00:24:01,120 Speaker 1: go on to UH departments of actions websites and most 417 00:24:01,160 --> 00:24:03,399 Speaker 1: of them have last statements on there, and some of 418 00:24:03,400 --> 00:24:08,240 Speaker 1: them are what you'd expect summer eerie, I'm sure, UH. 419 00:24:08,320 --> 00:24:11,360 Speaker 1: And generally the head is unrestrained so they can look 420 00:24:11,359 --> 00:24:14,080 Speaker 1: around and stuff, although sometimes they do have like a 421 00:24:14,080 --> 00:24:16,960 Speaker 1: hood or a sheet. Again, it depends on the state 422 00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:20,560 Speaker 1: and how they do it. So the the condemned is 423 00:24:20,720 --> 00:24:24,240 Speaker 1: strepped into a gurney strapped down, but their heads under restraint. 424 00:24:24,520 --> 00:24:32,359 Speaker 1: They've got tubes leading into their h the ivy needles. Yeah. Um, 425 00:24:32,400 --> 00:24:35,919 Speaker 1: and it's ready to go. Yeah, I think, uh, now 426 00:24:35,920 --> 00:24:37,400 Speaker 1: it's a good time for message break and then we'll 427 00:24:37,400 --> 00:24:50,280 Speaker 1: get into the actual process after. Okay, So, like you said, 428 00:24:50,320 --> 00:24:54,119 Speaker 1: it's go, time for a solemn moment. Yeah. Um. For 429 00:24:54,160 --> 00:24:58,639 Speaker 1: a long time states, we're using something called a world 430 00:24:58,640 --> 00:25:02,879 Speaker 1: basically and like toronic lethal injection machine, which makes sense. 431 00:25:03,000 --> 00:25:05,240 Speaker 1: It was what co working came up with. Basically, it 432 00:25:05,320 --> 00:25:08,320 Speaker 1: was I'm sure, if not directly based on his model, 433 00:25:08,400 --> 00:25:11,920 Speaker 1: it was at least very similar to it. But then 434 00:25:11,960 --> 00:25:15,359 Speaker 1: they worried about mechanical failures, so they said, no humans 435 00:25:15,400 --> 00:25:17,720 Speaker 1: need to do this. I think they had mechanical failures. 436 00:25:17,880 --> 00:25:22,719 Speaker 1: I can imagine. Um. And so in some states you 437 00:25:22,720 --> 00:25:26,440 Speaker 1: have one executioner and others you have a couple of executioners. 438 00:25:26,480 --> 00:25:28,800 Speaker 1: And there again they're in this anti room where the 439 00:25:28,800 --> 00:25:31,560 Speaker 1: actual drugs are that the i V tubes are leading 440 00:25:31,720 --> 00:25:35,520 Speaker 1: to from the execution chamber into the anti room. Um. 441 00:25:35,720 --> 00:25:38,880 Speaker 1: And if you have a few different ones, a few 442 00:25:38,880 --> 00:25:43,560 Speaker 1: different executioners, they're all putting drugs into i V tubes, 443 00:25:44,520 --> 00:25:48,000 Speaker 1: but they none of the executioners know which one is 444 00:25:48,040 --> 00:25:50,280 Speaker 1: the real I V tube and which one's is leading 445 00:25:50,320 --> 00:25:57,359 Speaker 1: to a mannequin, and that isn't actually a mannequin. Uh 446 00:25:57,400 --> 00:25:59,080 Speaker 1: that that you know, that old trick. Like they used 447 00:25:59,080 --> 00:26:01,040 Speaker 1: to do the same thing with flipping the switch too. 448 00:26:01,080 --> 00:26:03,800 Speaker 1: I think they had like several switches firing squads. Yeah, 449 00:26:03,800 --> 00:26:06,680 Speaker 1: because they don't want the h the one any one 450 00:26:06,720 --> 00:26:09,919 Speaker 1: person to have that weight. They can always think. I 451 00:26:09,920 --> 00:26:16,200 Speaker 1: guess I had at chance that it was me, you know, alright, 452 00:26:16,240 --> 00:26:18,680 Speaker 1: So I guess we should move on to the drugs 453 00:26:18,720 --> 00:26:22,760 Speaker 1: that are used. Um, it used to almost always be 454 00:26:22,800 --> 00:26:25,919 Speaker 1: a three drug cocktail, but things are getting weird these days. 455 00:26:25,960 --> 00:26:29,240 Speaker 1: I've noticed. Originally it was three drugs. You would have 456 00:26:29,280 --> 00:26:33,040 Speaker 1: an anesthetic, paralyzing agent, and a toxic agent, and those 457 00:26:33,040 --> 00:26:36,119 Speaker 1: were used for years and years, and then due to 458 00:26:36,520 --> 00:26:42,200 Speaker 1: some circumstances, a bunch of different circumstances that converged where 459 00:26:42,440 --> 00:26:45,280 Speaker 1: in some cases down to one like Joseph Paul Franklin 460 00:26:45,359 --> 00:26:48,000 Speaker 1: was killed with just one drug. Well, I looked up 461 00:26:48,600 --> 00:26:52,320 Speaker 1: almost every single execution in two thousand thirteen used a 462 00:26:52,359 --> 00:26:57,840 Speaker 1: single drug pinto barber at all, which is an anesthetic. Yeah, 463 00:26:57,880 --> 00:27:00,760 Speaker 1: and it's basically a substitute when are in short supply 464 00:27:00,760 --> 00:27:03,560 Speaker 1: of other ones. But I did see that it's actually 465 00:27:03,600 --> 00:27:06,800 Speaker 1: illegal to use this drug this way, and the manufacturer 466 00:27:07,359 --> 00:27:10,320 Speaker 1: is Danish and was like, well, no, you can't use 467 00:27:10,320 --> 00:27:13,760 Speaker 1: our drug that way. Right. They started fighting, uh, people 468 00:27:13,800 --> 00:27:18,240 Speaker 1: who sold that drug to like state agencies exactly. Very 469 00:27:18,240 --> 00:27:21,600 Speaker 1: controversial and states were trying to get this stuff anyway 470 00:27:21,600 --> 00:27:25,399 Speaker 1: they could. So since it was banned for use by 471 00:27:25,640 --> 00:27:31,000 Speaker 1: correctional facilities for executions, the ultimate correction, the d A 472 00:27:31,240 --> 00:27:37,639 Speaker 1: was actually rating departments of corrections and taking their drugs. So, um, 473 00:27:37,680 --> 00:27:39,800 Speaker 1: because of this band, because of the drug maker. And 474 00:27:39,840 --> 00:27:43,359 Speaker 1: so first you had the drug maker, um that was 475 00:27:43,440 --> 00:27:47,800 Speaker 1: making pentethal, right yeah. And then people were like, well 476 00:27:47,840 --> 00:27:50,200 Speaker 1: how about this. We have propo fall, that's the anesthetic 477 00:27:50,280 --> 00:27:53,840 Speaker 1: pentethal is, right yeah, and so what they were replacing 478 00:27:53,880 --> 00:27:56,639 Speaker 1: it with was propofol, which is Michael Jackson's milk that 479 00:27:56,760 --> 00:27:59,000 Speaker 1: killed him. Did we hit it right this time? Yeah? 480 00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:04,440 Speaker 1: Okay um. And then the maker of propo fall said, uh, well, 481 00:28:04,440 --> 00:28:07,080 Speaker 1: how if you you can't use that to execute people, 482 00:28:07,080 --> 00:28:09,400 Speaker 1: that's not what we made this for. And they said, well, 483 00:28:09,440 --> 00:28:11,359 Speaker 1: t s, We're gonna use it anyway. And so the 484 00:28:11,400 --> 00:28:14,239 Speaker 1: maker said, if you use that to kill anybody, we're 485 00:28:14,280 --> 00:28:17,840 Speaker 1: gonna cut off supplies to the entire United States, including hospitals, 486 00:28:17,880 --> 00:28:20,080 Speaker 1: and you're gonna have an enormous problem on your hands. 487 00:28:20,440 --> 00:28:23,919 Speaker 1: And so all of the hospitals contacted the departments of 488 00:28:23,920 --> 00:28:26,600 Speaker 1: the corrections and said, do not use that, like, we 489 00:28:26,680 --> 00:28:30,480 Speaker 1: can't have a propo fall shortage. So now they're turning 490 00:28:30,480 --> 00:28:34,920 Speaker 1: to compounding pharmacies, which are generally regulated mostly by the state, 491 00:28:35,040 --> 00:28:38,400 Speaker 1: not so much by the Feds, and UM, trying to 492 00:28:38,440 --> 00:28:40,880 Speaker 1: get their hands anyway they can on some sort of 493 00:28:41,040 --> 00:28:47,280 Speaker 1: general anesthetic. Uh. And the anesthetic ideally, UM, if they 494 00:28:47,280 --> 00:28:54,120 Speaker 1: were using pentethal or peno barbatal barbaria UM, if you 495 00:28:54,160 --> 00:28:57,920 Speaker 1: were in a hospital and you were put under general anesthesia, 496 00:28:58,240 --> 00:29:01,360 Speaker 1: they would use about a hundred pegrams of this stuff 497 00:29:01,400 --> 00:29:03,840 Speaker 1: delivered over your ten to fifteen seconds, and you would 498 00:29:03,880 --> 00:29:06,440 Speaker 1: be out. It's an anesthetic. You wouldn't be asleep, you 499 00:29:06,400 --> 00:29:10,320 Speaker 1: wouldn't be unconscious. You are under general anesthesia, you're not 500 00:29:10,400 --> 00:29:13,960 Speaker 1: feeling anything, You're not anything. So that's a hundred milligrams 501 00:29:14,000 --> 00:29:17,560 Speaker 1: for just general anesthesia. When you're given a lethal injection 502 00:29:17,600 --> 00:29:22,760 Speaker 1: of penal barbitall, they give you five grams, five thousand milligrams, 503 00:29:22,800 --> 00:29:26,280 Speaker 1: not a hundred milligrams, five thousand milligrams of this stuff. Yeah, 504 00:29:26,280 --> 00:29:29,840 Speaker 1: and that's enough to kill you flat out. Um, And 505 00:29:30,040 --> 00:29:33,920 Speaker 1: proponents of lethal injection will say they don't feel anything 506 00:29:33,960 --> 00:29:37,520 Speaker 1: after that, right, and again, that should just be enough 507 00:29:37,520 --> 00:29:39,160 Speaker 1: to kill you, which is why a lot of states 508 00:29:39,200 --> 00:29:43,800 Speaker 1: are just using that one drug. Now. Um. In the 509 00:29:43,840 --> 00:29:48,920 Speaker 1: original lethal injection cocktail, that was step one. Once they 510 00:29:48,920 --> 00:29:53,120 Speaker 1: administered the anesthetic, they would flush the lines with saline solution, 511 00:29:53,880 --> 00:29:56,720 Speaker 1: and then um they would introduce the next one, which 512 00:29:56,760 --> 00:30:00,720 Speaker 1: is a paralyzing agent. Yeah. That's basically a the heaviest 513 00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:04,800 Speaker 1: duty muscle relaxant you could ever imagine, because it relaxes 514 00:30:04,800 --> 00:30:07,680 Speaker 1: your muscle so much that your die fragms and lungs 515 00:30:07,720 --> 00:30:11,840 Speaker 1: don't function any longer. Yeah, that's a serious muscle relaxing. Right, 516 00:30:11,880 --> 00:30:14,360 Speaker 1: So you just you stop breathing. So that's that's the 517 00:30:14,480 --> 00:30:17,640 Speaker 1: way to die number two. And that takes about one 518 00:30:17,680 --> 00:30:20,920 Speaker 1: to three minutes for that one to take effect fully. 519 00:30:20,960 --> 00:30:23,880 Speaker 1: So then that one's been kind of abandoned because it's 520 00:30:23,920 --> 00:30:27,440 Speaker 1: been criticized or the use of it's been criticized because 521 00:30:27,760 --> 00:30:30,160 Speaker 1: a lot of people point out that that's really for 522 00:30:30,200 --> 00:30:34,040 Speaker 1: the witnesses because without it, when somebody's dying, a lot 523 00:30:34,080 --> 00:30:37,520 Speaker 1: of times they will writhe, they will gasp for breath, 524 00:30:37,600 --> 00:30:40,600 Speaker 1: they will um, they're back while arch as much as 525 00:30:41,120 --> 00:30:44,200 Speaker 1: it can when it's strapped down to a gurney. When 526 00:30:44,240 --> 00:30:47,480 Speaker 1: you administer a paralyzing agent, none of that happens. So 527 00:30:47,520 --> 00:30:49,640 Speaker 1: the witnesses are like, oh, look, it looks like he 528 00:30:49,720 --> 00:30:51,560 Speaker 1: wanted to die. Look at what a peaceful death that 529 00:30:51,720 --> 00:30:54,520 Speaker 1: man just went through. So it's for the witnesses. And 530 00:30:54,560 --> 00:30:59,680 Speaker 1: then number two, it could also conceivably mask pain. So 531 00:31:00,080 --> 00:31:03,360 Speaker 1: if it's masking pain, then it's also masking a possibly 532 00:31:03,440 --> 00:31:08,000 Speaker 1: inhumane method of execution. So they kind of discontinued the 533 00:31:08,040 --> 00:31:12,640 Speaker 1: paralyzing agent um, but that was traditionally step two. And 534 00:31:12,680 --> 00:31:15,400 Speaker 1: then once that one was administered. So are you getting 535 00:31:15,400 --> 00:31:17,640 Speaker 1: the point here that like they're really going the extra 536 00:31:17,720 --> 00:31:21,240 Speaker 1: mile to make sure you're dead in the nineties through 537 00:31:21,320 --> 00:31:24,720 Speaker 1: lethal injection. Yeah, and you know what, I might as 538 00:31:24,760 --> 00:31:26,240 Speaker 1: well go ahead and get into this. We just put 539 00:31:26,280 --> 00:31:28,360 Speaker 1: our dog down two days ago and they did the 540 00:31:28,440 --> 00:31:32,520 Speaker 1: same thing with that. It's like paralyzing agent. Three different 541 00:31:32,680 --> 00:31:35,840 Speaker 1: things were injected into her. It's like the first go 542 00:31:35,960 --> 00:31:40,000 Speaker 1: to sleep thing, and then the second paralyzer and then 543 00:31:40,040 --> 00:31:42,640 Speaker 1: the final thing like she's gone. But hey, let's just 544 00:31:42,680 --> 00:31:46,120 Speaker 1: inject this just to make sure the hardest stopped. Was it? Okay, 545 00:31:46,120 --> 00:31:49,680 Speaker 1: so it was the toxic agent potassium chloride, I'm not sure. 546 00:31:49,960 --> 00:31:52,920 Speaker 1: I mean they said it was a trade concoction for 547 00:31:52,960 --> 00:31:57,240 Speaker 1: their company. Okay, so then it probably wasn't potassium chloride 548 00:31:57,280 --> 00:32:02,200 Speaker 1: because I don't think that that's proprietary. But in some states, 549 00:32:03,560 --> 00:32:06,360 Speaker 1: the use of potassium chloride the toxication, which is the 550 00:32:06,400 --> 00:32:12,120 Speaker 1: third one um, that's not even allowed for use on pets, 551 00:32:12,640 --> 00:32:15,280 Speaker 1: but they were using it on inmates because it induces 552 00:32:15,360 --> 00:32:19,640 Speaker 1: cardiac aresque because it could conceivably cause pain. Okay, yeah, interesting, 553 00:32:19,720 --> 00:32:22,320 Speaker 1: I'm sorry about your dog, buddy. That's right. I appreciate that, 554 00:32:22,360 --> 00:32:25,240 Speaker 1: And hey, thank you to everyone I put that on 555 00:32:25,280 --> 00:32:26,840 Speaker 1: the stuff you should know while and people were super 556 00:32:26,880 --> 00:32:30,200 Speaker 1: supportive and told a lot of their own stories of 557 00:32:30,240 --> 00:32:33,000 Speaker 1: their pets passing. So I think maybe at some point 558 00:32:33,000 --> 00:32:34,960 Speaker 1: I might put together a little like like you did 559 00:32:34,960 --> 00:32:37,960 Speaker 1: the pet costumes. I might do like a pet memorial 560 00:32:37,960 --> 00:32:40,120 Speaker 1: thing where people can send in that would be very nice, 561 00:32:40,200 --> 00:32:43,600 Speaker 1: memorialized or pets stuff you should know anyway. Um, I 562 00:32:43,640 --> 00:32:46,960 Speaker 1: did find it interesting though, A that I picked this topic. Yeah. 563 00:32:47,040 --> 00:32:50,840 Speaker 1: I kept wanting to send you stuff about it, like yeah, yesterday, 564 00:32:50,880 --> 00:32:53,000 Speaker 1: and I was like, and I picked it knowing. I 565 00:32:53,000 --> 00:32:55,360 Speaker 1: guess it was just this weird subliminal thing like maybe 566 00:32:55,400 --> 00:32:56,640 Speaker 1: I was trying to work through it or something. I 567 00:32:56,640 --> 00:32:59,440 Speaker 1: don't know, but I did find interesting the triple drug 568 00:33:00,080 --> 00:33:04,000 Speaker 1: Dale smilarities. I don't think it was the exact same stuff, 569 00:33:04,040 --> 00:33:27,240 Speaker 1: but it's the same process basically, all right, So, um 570 00:33:27,400 --> 00:33:31,920 Speaker 1: death from beginning to end five to eighteen minutes after 571 00:33:31,960 --> 00:33:35,200 Speaker 1: the execution order is given kind of just depends. Okay, 572 00:33:35,240 --> 00:33:38,840 Speaker 1: So that's ideally. Remember the execution order is when like 573 00:33:39,280 --> 00:33:47,640 Speaker 1: it's you've moved into the the execution chamber and the 574 00:33:47,720 --> 00:33:53,160 Speaker 1: warden says it's not ringing, the governor is not calling, right, 575 00:33:53,640 --> 00:33:58,120 Speaker 1: so um, that's when they start working on you, like 576 00:33:58,200 --> 00:34:00,800 Speaker 1: putting in the ivy tubes and all that does. Now, 577 00:34:00,880 --> 00:34:05,560 Speaker 1: remember the whole point of um execution the United States 578 00:34:05,560 --> 00:34:10,520 Speaker 1: criminal justice system is not to inflict pain or cause suffering. 579 00:34:11,000 --> 00:34:13,320 Speaker 1: It's simply to take that person's life and the most 580 00:34:13,520 --> 00:34:19,200 Speaker 1: humane efficient means possible. Right, So what happens if you 581 00:34:19,239 --> 00:34:23,440 Speaker 1: can't find a vein. That happens very frequently. There's all 582 00:34:23,560 --> 00:34:28,160 Speaker 1: there's a lot of cases of um, the condemned helpfully 583 00:34:28,440 --> 00:34:30,560 Speaker 1: UM saying we'll try this vein over here. I think 584 00:34:30,560 --> 00:34:32,680 Speaker 1: this one, this one feels pretty good. Try this one. 585 00:34:33,200 --> 00:34:36,320 Speaker 1: Like helping these people like stick them to put these 586 00:34:36,480 --> 00:34:40,760 Speaker 1: lethal drugs in them. Sure, um so. And that particularly 587 00:34:40,840 --> 00:34:43,319 Speaker 1: is the case with IVY drug users who have lots 588 00:34:43,320 --> 00:34:47,759 Speaker 1: to collapse veins. UM. It's also chucked part of the 589 00:34:47,840 --> 00:34:52,279 Speaker 1: problem when you don't have experienced medical personnel, which is 590 00:34:52,320 --> 00:34:55,839 Speaker 1: one of the big controversies of lethal injection because if 591 00:34:55,840 --> 00:34:59,080 Speaker 1: you notice, it has a lot of the trappings of 592 00:34:59,080 --> 00:35:02,959 Speaker 1: a medical proceed but it completely flies in the face 593 00:35:03,000 --> 00:35:08,520 Speaker 1: of medicine because the hippocratic oaths says, first, do no harm. Well, 594 00:35:08,719 --> 00:35:11,920 Speaker 1: carrying out or even assisting in an execution is doing harm. 595 00:35:12,000 --> 00:35:16,160 Speaker 1: So the American Medical Association tried to pass the resolution saying, UM, 596 00:35:16,280 --> 00:35:18,720 Speaker 1: we're going to take the license of anybody who's involved 597 00:35:18,760 --> 00:35:22,360 Speaker 1: in an execution, and all the states said, no, you 598 00:35:22,400 --> 00:35:24,760 Speaker 1: can't do that. We're going to protect the doctor's licenses 599 00:35:24,760 --> 00:35:26,759 Speaker 1: because we need these people. And that's kind of a 600 00:35:26,760 --> 00:35:30,600 Speaker 1: conundrum you know, like, do you not have anything to 601 00:35:30,600 --> 00:35:33,879 Speaker 1: do with an execution and let some prison guard try 602 00:35:33,920 --> 00:35:38,360 Speaker 1: to find a vein and stick this person for sixty 603 00:35:38,400 --> 00:35:43,120 Speaker 1: minutes and prolong the point from okay, start executing to 604 00:35:43,600 --> 00:35:46,560 Speaker 1: death so this person is more aware and anxious and 605 00:35:46,640 --> 00:35:49,279 Speaker 1: thinking about it. Or do you kind of throw your 606 00:35:49,360 --> 00:35:53,520 Speaker 1: hippocratic oath to the side and help this person's execution 607 00:35:53,560 --> 00:35:57,000 Speaker 1: go as painlessly and humanely as possible. Yeah, finding a 608 00:35:57,080 --> 00:36:00,720 Speaker 1: veins not too tough though. I was reading like, watched um, 609 00:36:00,880 --> 00:36:04,920 Speaker 1: watched uh executions and that's that's the number one that 610 00:36:05,000 --> 00:36:08,360 Speaker 1: they can't find a vein where they feeding these people, 611 00:36:09,400 --> 00:36:12,120 Speaker 1: you know, because they're not using heroin in prison, are they? No? 612 00:36:12,239 --> 00:36:14,839 Speaker 1: But I think if you used heroin for a significant 613 00:36:14,840 --> 00:36:18,759 Speaker 1: portion of your life, your veins are collapsed forever. Yeah, 614 00:36:18,800 --> 00:36:24,239 Speaker 1: I don't think they grow back. So it's generally though 615 00:36:24,239 --> 00:36:27,160 Speaker 1: a prison guard or somebody that works with the prison though, 616 00:36:27,160 --> 00:36:31,040 Speaker 1: that actually administers it. Right, Yeah, okay, that's what thought. 617 00:36:31,160 --> 00:36:33,520 Speaker 1: And plus also there's another thing too, if if they're 618 00:36:33,560 --> 00:36:36,960 Speaker 1: not good at um delivering the drugs, if they're not 619 00:36:37,000 --> 00:36:40,600 Speaker 1: practiced at that um, the flow of the drugs, if 620 00:36:40,640 --> 00:36:42,480 Speaker 1: you push it in too fast, can cause a lot 621 00:36:42,520 --> 00:36:46,800 Speaker 1: of pain and suffering. That's one right, that's another one too, 622 00:36:46,840 --> 00:36:50,120 Speaker 1: which is another reason why, Um, some states require that 623 00:36:50,160 --> 00:36:52,800 Speaker 1: medical staff be on hand to assist with these things. 624 00:36:54,120 --> 00:36:56,720 Speaker 1: I mean, there's really no humane way to put someone, 625 00:36:57,880 --> 00:37:00,600 Speaker 1: you know, so that's that's kill somebody, Like you can't 626 00:37:00,640 --> 00:37:04,040 Speaker 1: affixiate someone with feathers. Okay, No, And it's true. But 627 00:37:04,680 --> 00:37:07,239 Speaker 1: I was looking around like, Okay, if lethal injection isn't 628 00:37:07,280 --> 00:37:09,799 Speaker 1: even considered humane, which a lot of people say, like, 629 00:37:09,880 --> 00:37:13,880 Speaker 1: it's not there, it's possibly there's a lot of pain. Um. 630 00:37:13,920 --> 00:37:16,120 Speaker 1: One of the drugs that's being used these days is 631 00:37:16,160 --> 00:37:21,040 Speaker 1: called medazzy lamb, and it's a sedative. It's not an anesthetic. 632 00:37:21,440 --> 00:37:23,880 Speaker 1: So if you put somebody out with it, that doesn't 633 00:37:23,920 --> 00:37:26,840 Speaker 1: mean that they can't feel pain any longer. Um. But 634 00:37:26,960 --> 00:37:30,600 Speaker 1: that's due to this shortage of pental barbitrall um. People 635 00:37:30,600 --> 00:37:33,840 Speaker 1: are using that. So they're saying, wait, we're using untested drugs. 636 00:37:33,960 --> 00:37:37,600 Speaker 1: These people are possibly feeling excruciating pain, but you can't 637 00:37:37,640 --> 00:37:41,399 Speaker 1: tell because we're using a paralyzing agent. What There's got 638 00:37:41,400 --> 00:37:43,600 Speaker 1: to be another way to do this, And some people 639 00:37:43,680 --> 00:37:48,000 Speaker 1: recently have been speaking up and saying heroin I know, 640 00:37:48,680 --> 00:37:51,960 Speaker 1: but I think, uh, there's probably a few seconds when 641 00:37:52,000 --> 00:37:56,840 Speaker 1: you're introducing the pento barbital where they're like, all right, yeah, um, no, 642 00:37:56,960 --> 00:38:04,719 Speaker 1: it's called inert gas asphyxiation. Okay, So when you suffocate, um, 643 00:38:04,760 --> 00:38:08,480 Speaker 1: apparently the pain and discomfort is caused by not being 644 00:38:08,520 --> 00:38:14,920 Speaker 1: able to expel CEO two. Um. With inert gas ex asphyxiation, 645 00:38:15,760 --> 00:38:20,320 Speaker 1: you are inhaling gas. It's not oxygen, say, pure nitrogen gas, 646 00:38:20,800 --> 00:38:24,279 Speaker 1: but you're still capable of exhaling CEO two, which means 647 00:38:24,280 --> 00:38:28,840 Speaker 1: that the whole process should be painless, right, and unconsciousness 648 00:38:28,880 --> 00:38:31,439 Speaker 1: takes effect in a couple of seconds, death a few 649 00:38:31,440 --> 00:38:35,279 Speaker 1: more seconds after that. So they think it's possible that 650 00:38:35,360 --> 00:38:39,240 Speaker 1: they may have figured out a the most humane method 651 00:38:39,719 --> 00:38:43,839 Speaker 1: of capital punishment around inert gas asphyxiation. How do they 652 00:38:44,000 --> 00:38:48,160 Speaker 1: like practicing that? No? But I suspect that if if 653 00:38:48,400 --> 00:38:52,120 Speaker 1: this kind of reform thing continues going on, we'll see 654 00:38:52,200 --> 00:38:56,839 Speaker 1: inert gas chambers pretty soon. Yeah. You know, the old 655 00:38:56,840 --> 00:39:01,600 Speaker 1: firing squad is instantaneous. Probably it's done right. Yeah, but 656 00:39:01,640 --> 00:39:03,840 Speaker 1: it rarely is done right. That's the thing. What do 657 00:39:03,880 --> 00:39:07,440 Speaker 1: you mean rarely it's done right? Give me a statistic. Well, Okay, Um, 658 00:39:07,920 --> 00:39:13,000 Speaker 1: how many shooting firing squads percentage wise aren't done properly? 659 00:39:13,200 --> 00:39:17,719 Speaker 1: So I would probably say the vast majority. Really yeah, Um, 660 00:39:18,840 --> 00:39:21,880 Speaker 1: you're trying to again, if you're doing something humanly and efficiently, 661 00:39:22,040 --> 00:39:26,080 Speaker 1: you want to remove human error. So um, finding a 662 00:39:26,160 --> 00:39:30,600 Speaker 1: vein introducing the drug at a proper rate, like all 663 00:39:30,600 --> 00:39:34,040 Speaker 1: of these things are subject to human error, right, shooting 664 00:39:34,080 --> 00:39:37,879 Speaker 1: a bullet at somebody from fifty feet or whatever. That's 665 00:39:37,920 --> 00:39:40,920 Speaker 1: get all kinds of human error involved in it. I 666 00:39:40,920 --> 00:39:43,240 Speaker 1: would say, go read a And I'm not an activist. 667 00:39:43,280 --> 00:39:45,879 Speaker 1: I'm not being an activist here. Um, go read this 668 00:39:46,000 --> 00:39:50,560 Speaker 1: article called um on the possible pain from various methods 669 00:39:50,560 --> 00:39:53,480 Speaker 1: of execution. I believe it's what it's called. There's a 670 00:39:53,480 --> 00:39:56,920 Speaker 1: guy in the eighties who basically went around and said, 671 00:39:58,239 --> 00:40:01,200 Speaker 1: let me get all the evidence I possibly hand from 672 00:40:01,320 --> 00:40:04,040 Speaker 1: the different types of execution that people are put through 673 00:40:04,280 --> 00:40:08,160 Speaker 1: to figure out how much pain and how frequently they 674 00:40:08,200 --> 00:40:10,680 Speaker 1: feel pain, how much they feel as well. And he 675 00:40:10,760 --> 00:40:15,080 Speaker 1: came up with this amazing study. And firing squads are 676 00:40:15,120 --> 00:40:19,040 Speaker 1: not they're bloody, they're not they're not good. Well, I 677 00:40:19,080 --> 00:40:21,319 Speaker 1: know they're bloody, but I didn't know that they were 678 00:40:21,440 --> 00:40:25,279 Speaker 1: butched so that people lived most of the time after 679 00:40:25,320 --> 00:40:27,440 Speaker 1: being shot by eight dudes in the head. But that's 680 00:40:27,440 --> 00:40:29,239 Speaker 1: another thing. They don't aim for the head a lot 681 00:40:29,239 --> 00:40:31,120 Speaker 1: of times. Only one guy has a bullet where the 682 00:40:31,160 --> 00:40:33,799 Speaker 1: aims the chest, chest, so you're shot through the heart. 683 00:40:34,360 --> 00:40:37,120 Speaker 1: Is that like all countries across the border. I don't know. 684 00:40:37,360 --> 00:40:39,600 Speaker 1: I'm curious. I'm just saying I would say, go read 685 00:40:39,640 --> 00:40:44,000 Speaker 1: that study. My money's on inert gas. Inert gas definitely, 686 00:40:44,000 --> 00:40:47,719 Speaker 1: not on firing squads. The guillotine. Well, that came out 687 00:40:47,719 --> 00:40:50,640 Speaker 1: of that one reform movement from the late eighteenth century. 688 00:40:50,719 --> 00:40:53,160 Speaker 1: That's as instant as it gets. No, it's not. Do 689 00:40:53,239 --> 00:40:56,359 Speaker 1: you not remember our Yeah, we said it's possible that 690 00:40:56,400 --> 00:40:59,600 Speaker 1: the head is alive for a couple of seconds. Four seconds. 691 00:41:00,840 --> 00:41:02,520 Speaker 1: I feel like I don't even know you right now. 692 00:41:03,400 --> 00:41:09,000 Speaker 1: I got one last one, all right? Um, So there 693 00:41:09,120 --> 00:41:12,200 Speaker 1: is a huge disparity and the death penalty as a 694 00:41:12,200 --> 00:41:18,440 Speaker 1: whole um among races. So it turns out of capital 695 00:41:18,520 --> 00:41:23,200 Speaker 1: cases feature a black or Hispanic defendant and then um 696 00:41:23,239 --> 00:41:27,200 Speaker 1: with victims. There's a big race disparity too. Uh, in 697 00:41:27,560 --> 00:41:31,080 Speaker 1: death penalty cases in the United States. I think either 698 00:41:31,160 --> 00:41:34,520 Speaker 1: last year in the last few years, seventy percent of 699 00:41:34,560 --> 00:41:38,360 Speaker 1: the victims have been whitecent have been black, six percent 700 00:41:38,400 --> 00:41:42,280 Speaker 1: have been Hispanic. For the victims, so it's um disproportionately 701 00:41:42,400 --> 00:41:47,440 Speaker 1: doled out against people who have killed white people than 702 00:41:47,520 --> 00:41:50,040 Speaker 1: it is to people who have killed black or Hispanic people. 703 00:41:50,200 --> 00:41:53,680 Speaker 1: And other was like two percent or something like that. Interesting, 704 00:41:54,800 --> 00:41:58,840 Speaker 1: you got anything else? I got nothing else? So lethal injection, man, 705 00:41:59,040 --> 00:42:01,759 Speaker 1: that was a weird one. Huh uh, Well, I mean 706 00:42:01,800 --> 00:42:04,759 Speaker 1: this is touchy stuff, you know. Uh. If you want 707 00:42:04,760 --> 00:42:07,480 Speaker 1: to learn more about lethal injection, um, you can type 708 00:42:07,520 --> 00:42:10,760 Speaker 1: that into the search bar at how stuff works dot com. 709 00:42:10,800 --> 00:42:13,279 Speaker 1: And since I said search bar, it's time for a listener, mate, 710 00:42:15,719 --> 00:42:18,040 Speaker 1: I'm going to call this what a long strange trip 711 00:42:18,080 --> 00:42:21,200 Speaker 1: has been because that's what Whitney called it. Hey guys, 712 00:42:21,239 --> 00:42:25,000 Speaker 1: I'm Whitney and I'm a twentysomething band teacher from Provo, Utah. 713 00:42:25,400 --> 00:42:28,400 Speaker 1: My husband, also a band teacher, introduced me to your 714 00:42:28,400 --> 00:42:31,080 Speaker 1: show in two thousand nine when he was commuting one 715 00:42:31,160 --> 00:42:33,440 Speaker 1: hour each way to Park City every day. When I 716 00:42:33,440 --> 00:42:35,400 Speaker 1: started my current job last year, I started listening to 717 00:42:35,440 --> 00:42:38,279 Speaker 1: you guys after I realized how crappy radio was and 718 00:42:38,320 --> 00:42:41,439 Speaker 1: I exhausted the music on my iPod. I started one 719 00:42:41,960 --> 00:42:44,600 Speaker 1: on episode one, and just today caught up with a 720 00:42:44,640 --> 00:42:48,760 Speaker 1: werewolf podcast. Yeah not bad. I was excited and sad 721 00:42:48,800 --> 00:42:50,840 Speaker 1: all at the same time. We heard that a lot. Actually, 722 00:42:52,360 --> 00:42:54,080 Speaker 1: I know you get lots of emails and you're probably 723 00:42:54,080 --> 00:42:55,279 Speaker 1: sick of them, but I felt like I had to 724 00:42:55,320 --> 00:42:57,520 Speaker 1: write once I caught up. During the last school year, 725 00:42:57,560 --> 00:42:59,840 Speaker 1: I had my first child, started my new job, and 726 00:43:00,040 --> 00:43:04,080 Speaker 1: moved twice, the second move being into our first home. 727 00:43:04,160 --> 00:43:07,080 Speaker 1: Needless to say, with all this change, I started to 728 00:43:07,080 --> 00:43:09,759 Speaker 1: get pretty stressed and even depressed. On top of all this, 729 00:43:10,360 --> 00:43:13,520 Speaker 1: I teach beginning band to six and seventh grade kids. 730 00:43:13,960 --> 00:43:16,000 Speaker 1: My job is very exciting. I love it, but I 731 00:43:16,000 --> 00:43:19,040 Speaker 1: can get frustrated and even develop road rage at times. 732 00:43:20,000 --> 00:43:24,160 Speaker 1: Stupid kids. Your podcast was my sanity through all this, dudes. 733 00:43:24,160 --> 00:43:26,439 Speaker 1: I was able to focus my mind on exciting things 734 00:43:26,719 --> 00:43:29,759 Speaker 1: like Barbie dolls and serial killers, and it all made 735 00:43:29,760 --> 00:43:31,480 Speaker 1: my day a little bit brighter. So I just want 736 00:43:31,520 --> 00:43:34,000 Speaker 1: to say how much I appreciate all the podcasts. I 737 00:43:34,000 --> 00:43:36,680 Speaker 1: feel like I'm learning, keeping my mind, engage, and enjoying 738 00:43:36,680 --> 00:43:39,319 Speaker 1: your banter. And I think my eighteen month old daughter 739 00:43:39,400 --> 00:43:42,319 Speaker 1: also enjoys since she's heard your voices since she was 740 00:43:42,360 --> 00:43:44,879 Speaker 1: just a tiny thing. I hope you keep making them. 741 00:43:45,320 --> 00:43:49,680 Speaker 1: Whitney Werner, thanks a lot, Whitney from probo Utah band 742 00:43:49,719 --> 00:43:54,040 Speaker 1: Teaching and we are shaping young minds, eighteen month old minds. Yeah, 743 00:43:54,440 --> 00:43:58,719 Speaker 1: in utero even we've heard people for some reason play us. 744 00:43:58,920 --> 00:44:01,879 Speaker 1: Forget teaching your kids line language, just have them listen 745 00:44:01,880 --> 00:44:05,040 Speaker 1: to Stuff you should Know exactly. Yeah. Uh, if you 746 00:44:05,239 --> 00:44:07,719 Speaker 1: want to let us know how we have helped your 747 00:44:07,760 --> 00:44:11,320 Speaker 1: life out or how we've influenced the development of your child, 748 00:44:11,560 --> 00:44:13,759 Speaker 1: it's a good one. You can tweet to us at 749 00:44:13,920 --> 00:44:16,640 Speaker 1: s y s K podcast. You can join us on Facebook, 750 00:44:16,640 --> 00:44:19,120 Speaker 1: dot com, slash Stuff you Should Know, You can send 751 00:44:19,239 --> 00:44:22,200 Speaker 1: us an email, and as always, check us out at 752 00:44:22,200 --> 00:44:24,960 Speaker 1: our awesome website. It's called Stuff you Should Know dot 753 00:44:25,000 --> 00:44:32,600 Speaker 1: com for more on this and thousands of other topics. 754 00:44:32,719 --> 00:44:41,120 Speaker 1: Does it how stuff works dot com