WEBVTT - UNESCO World Heritage: Preserving the Best of Humanity 0:00:01.480 --> 0:00:09.160 Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio. 0:00:11.119 --> 0:00:13.600 Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, There's 0:00:13.680 --> 0:00:16.439 Charles w Chuck Bryant, and this is Stuff you Should Know. 0:00:17.320 --> 0:00:21.319 And this is a fairly rare edition where we do 0:00:21.480 --> 0:00:24.680 an episode that we decided to do within the last 0:00:24.720 --> 0:00:27.520 few episodes. We don't usually turn it around that fast. 0:00:27.600 --> 0:00:29.640 Usually it's like seven to eight years. 0:00:30.000 --> 0:00:32.600 Yeah, this is a quick one. Then Julia turned this 0:00:32.680 --> 0:00:38.400 around for us, pretty Staddy. I just made that up, Sure, 0:00:38.600 --> 0:00:40.760 but I get it. I think everyone knows what you mean. 0:00:41.080 --> 0:00:46.720 But we're talking about UNESCO World Heritage Sites, UNESCO standing 0:00:46.760 --> 0:00:49.080 for which I never knew. I'm glad I know this now. 0:00:49.159 --> 0:00:55.480 The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization whom in 0:00:55.600 --> 0:01:01.640 nineteen seventy two drafted this treaty to preserve of world 0:01:01.680 --> 0:01:04.759 heritage as a whole, you know, whether it's as we'll see, 0:01:04.800 --> 0:01:08.480 like a place or a thing. And they even expanded 0:01:08.560 --> 0:01:14.000 later into like, you know, cultural processes and customs and traditions. 0:01:14.400 --> 0:01:16.759 Yeah, and that's where this idea came from. We were 0:01:16.800 --> 0:01:20.320 doing our episode on contortionism, and we found that Mongolia 0:01:20.720 --> 0:01:24.480 was turned down for getting world heritage protection for their 0:01:24.880 --> 0:01:27.959 contortionist history didn't make They were like, what the age? 0:01:28.000 --> 0:01:31.160 So we started looking into this and it is pretty interesting. 0:01:32.040 --> 0:01:34.319 One of the things that apparently is a fairly common 0:01:34.360 --> 0:01:40.200 misunderstanding is that if you have like a heritage site, 0:01:40.280 --> 0:01:44.760 like something is identified and labeled a World Heritage site, 0:01:45.240 --> 0:01:48.440 that that is no longer sovereign territory in your country 0:01:49.360 --> 0:01:52.880 could not be wronger, that still belongs to you. But 0:01:53.040 --> 0:01:57.040 what's happened is that the world, essentially everybody who's a 0:01:57.080 --> 0:02:00.520 member of UNESCO, has agreed to say, like, we want 0:02:00.560 --> 0:02:03.560 to preserve this in your country, it's yours, but it 0:02:03.600 --> 0:02:07.280 really we're all agreeing that this belongs to humanity because 0:02:07.320 --> 0:02:11.720 it's so important to human culture, so unique that we 0:02:11.840 --> 0:02:13.840 need to preserve it. And it takes more than just 0:02:13.919 --> 0:02:16.200 one country to preserve things like this, So we're all 0:02:16.200 --> 0:02:19.200 going to get together and take shared responsibility for this 0:02:19.560 --> 0:02:21.440 important part of human culture. 0:02:21.919 --> 0:02:24.640 Yeah, and also a little bit of protection, Like you know, 0:02:25.320 --> 0:02:28.840 you've got something valuable on yourself there. We're all watching 0:02:28.880 --> 0:02:31.760 you right as you as you juggle your way through 0:02:31.760 --> 0:02:32.359 the room. 0:02:33.800 --> 0:02:34.840 In mint condition. 0:02:35.240 --> 0:02:38.160 That's right. There's one quote here that I think kind 0:02:38.160 --> 0:02:42.120 of nails. It is. It's it's things that have outstanding 0:02:42.200 --> 0:02:46.560 universal value. So it's the universality of it all, as 0:02:46.600 --> 0:02:49.000 far as you know, needing to cherish and care for 0:02:49.040 --> 0:02:51.639 these things. And I think it's kind of a kind 0:02:51.639 --> 0:02:53.880 of a cool deal. I mean, some people might criticize 0:02:53.880 --> 0:02:57.200 it as a big sort of political thing to get 0:02:57.240 --> 0:03:01.400 tourist dollars headed your way, but I think it's actually 0:03:01.440 --> 0:03:01.960 pretty great. 0:03:02.760 --> 0:03:04.840 Oh I do too. I think it's good too. I 0:03:04.840 --> 0:03:07.280 think it's both. Though I think the ideal of it 0:03:07.320 --> 0:03:09.480 is awesome. I think that in practice lately it's. 0:03:09.480 --> 0:03:11.120 It's yeah, great in trouble. 0:03:11.639 --> 0:03:15.280 The thing is the idea that is outstanding universal value. 0:03:15.320 --> 0:03:18.480 I get that again as an ideal, but in practice 0:03:18.560 --> 0:03:21.160 that is not always the case. And I draw your 0:03:21.200 --> 0:03:28.520 attention to the US Dunkerque, which is horseback shrimp fishing 0:03:28.720 --> 0:03:32.440 in Belgium. And if that sounds obscure to you, you're right, 0:03:32.639 --> 0:03:36.640 because only twelve families practiced this. Still, that is a 0:03:36.680 --> 0:03:40.520 protected and tangible heritage that is not of universal value, 0:03:40.640 --> 0:03:43.160 although it is super interesting and I'm glad it's protected 0:03:43.280 --> 0:03:46.480 because why not. But I just thought that that was 0:03:46.600 --> 0:03:49.120 There's a lot of different things that contradict the idea 0:03:49.160 --> 0:03:50.840 that it's of universal value. 0:03:51.160 --> 0:03:55.640 Yeah, for sure. This all got started post World War Two, 0:03:55.800 --> 0:04:00.400 after the world got together and decided to wreck everything 0:04:00.600 --> 0:04:03.800 again for the second time in about thirty years, and 0:04:03.920 --> 0:04:06.720 everyone kind of looked up and we're like, geez, you know, 0:04:06.760 --> 0:04:10.400 we lost a lot of museums and churches and monuments 0:04:10.840 --> 0:04:14.320 and entire cities sometimes or huge portions of cities are 0:04:14.320 --> 0:04:18.680 just gone, and maybe we need as a world nation 0:04:19.440 --> 0:04:22.200 to get together and sort of start caring for these 0:04:22.200 --> 0:04:26.000 things a little bit more so. The UN kind of 0:04:26.160 --> 0:04:29.880 led the brigade on this, and UNESCO was formed in 0:04:29.960 --> 0:04:33.760 nineteen forty five. I think I said that nineteen seventy 0:04:33.760 --> 0:04:37.279 two was when the World Heritage Treaty or whatever came about. 0:04:38.040 --> 0:04:40.360 UNESCO was around, you know, quite a while before this 0:04:40.440 --> 0:04:43.600 came around. So starting in nineteen forty five is when 0:04:43.680 --> 0:04:47.720 UNESCO was formed and they basically started a campaign to 0:04:48.520 --> 0:04:51.360 start protecting these places from a few things. It's not 0:04:51.520 --> 0:04:54.520 always just like war, that is definitely one of them, 0:04:54.839 --> 0:04:57.719 but also human development and natural disaster. 0:04:58.279 --> 0:05:01.560 Right for sure. First thing, I think they were really 0:05:01.640 --> 0:05:05.080 kind of focused on learning from like archaeology was a 0:05:05.080 --> 0:05:06.800 big thing. They were into for a while, but it 0:05:06.880 --> 0:05:09.760 really started to take the shape that we understand it 0:05:09.800 --> 0:05:13.520 today in nineteen fifty nine, when Egypt went to UNESCO 0:05:13.600 --> 0:05:16.320 and said, hey, man, like, we want to build this dam. 0:05:16.400 --> 0:05:18.839 It's really important though we have a reservoir of water. 0:05:19.400 --> 0:05:22.600 But when we build the dam, there's a lot of 0:05:22.640 --> 0:05:29.000 like really old like Egyptian Furonic Arab dynastic monuments that 0:05:29.040 --> 0:05:31.240 are going to be underwater. So can you help us 0:05:31.240 --> 0:05:34.840 figure this out? And UNESCO said, this is it. We've 0:05:34.880 --> 0:05:37.040 been waiting for this for fourteen years. 0:05:37.560 --> 0:05:40.159 Yeah. They said, we need to raise some money, so 0:05:40.200 --> 0:05:44.920 they got about eighty million dollars together and said, all right, 0:05:45.000 --> 0:05:49.279 let's move these two temples, specifically to higher ground. So 0:05:49.320 --> 0:05:53.000 they moved they disassembled these temples, moved them about six 0:05:53.120 --> 0:05:56.400 hundred and fifty feet, which it was higher and out 0:05:56.400 --> 0:05:59.360 of harm's way, and that sort of, like you said, 0:05:59.400 --> 0:06:02.120 that just sort of started this idea of like, wait 0:06:02.200 --> 0:06:04.479 a minute, we can get together and make great things 0:06:04.520 --> 0:06:07.840 happen and protect great places. And that kind of continued 0:06:07.880 --> 0:06:13.000 through the sixties until nineteen seventy two. On November sixteenth, 0:06:13.040 --> 0:06:16.880 at their seventeenth General Conference, when they adopted the Convention 0:06:17.120 --> 0:06:21.560 concerning the protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, which 0:06:21.640 --> 0:06:24.240 culminated the center of all that is basically this World 0:06:24.320 --> 0:06:25.040 Heritage List. 0:06:25.560 --> 0:06:28.160 Yeah, and there was one other aspect of that nineteen 0:06:28.279 --> 0:06:34.760 fifty nine Asuan Damn Initiative. I guess dozens of countries 0:06:34.839 --> 0:06:37.960 like donated to make this happen, Like this was eighty 0:06:38.000 --> 0:06:40.039 million dollars in nineteen fifty nine dollars. This is a 0:06:40.080 --> 0:06:43.720 significant amount of money. Egypt was really the only country 0:06:43.760 --> 0:06:46.520 that was going to benefit from this, but countries are 0:06:46.560 --> 0:06:48.160 while in the world, said no, we want to help 0:06:48.200 --> 0:06:50.920 take responsibility for this because we think that these are 0:06:51.040 --> 0:06:54.640 that important. They transcend just Egyptian importance. 0:06:55.320 --> 0:06:58.440 Yeah, for sure. And that leads to the second part 0:06:58.440 --> 0:07:00.680 of that. What happened in nineteen seven to there was 0:07:00.760 --> 0:07:04.560 the Heritage List and the Heritage Fund and that fund. 0:07:04.720 --> 0:07:08.240 You know, without money, none of this really matters that much. 0:07:08.279 --> 0:07:10.440 You know, it takes a lot of dough sometimes to 0:07:10.560 --> 0:07:11.200 do things like this. 0:07:11.760 --> 0:07:14.120 Yeah, for sure, because like you said, a lot of 0:07:14.120 --> 0:07:16.200 it's threatened in One of the big things is preservation, 0:07:16.320 --> 0:07:21.720 protection and restoration. So that World Heritage Convention from seventy two, 0:07:21.800 --> 0:07:24.720 it created the World Heritage List, and now here, finally 0:07:25.120 --> 0:07:28.120 we have reached like the actual modern incarnation of what 0:07:28.200 --> 0:07:31.400 UNESCO's largely involved in, or at least known for. 0:07:32.320 --> 0:07:34.360 That's right. As far as the nuts and bolts of 0:07:34.560 --> 0:07:37.160 it all goes. There is the World Heritage Committee, which 0:07:37.200 --> 0:07:40.200 is twenty one member countries at this point that are 0:07:40.240 --> 0:07:43.040 elected for six year terms, and they're the ones that 0:07:43.120 --> 0:07:45.400 are sort of in charge of overseeing all this. The 0:07:45.480 --> 0:07:49.320 United States has been a member country before and not 0:07:49.480 --> 0:07:53.600 been a member country depending on which politician is in 0:07:53.680 --> 0:07:55.680 the White House. You can probably figure that one out. 0:07:55.760 --> 0:07:58.520 Well, no, nuts is probably there's some surprising dates in 0:07:58.560 --> 0:07:59.320 there if you ask me. 0:08:00.120 --> 0:08:02.960 Yeah, but we're not in there now. I think when 0:08:03.080 --> 0:08:08.560 did we drop off? Twenty eleven, yeah, but we were 0:08:08.560 --> 0:08:10.680 back on then back off again in like twenty one, right, 0:08:10.760 --> 0:08:15.720 twenty eighteen, twenty eighteen, Okay, I can't get my years straight. 0:08:16.120 --> 0:08:17.120 That's because of COVID. 0:08:18.880 --> 0:08:22.760 So you know, if you are they call it hosting. 0:08:23.160 --> 0:08:25.520 But if you have a World Heritage site in your country, 0:08:26.640 --> 0:08:28.640 you have to You can't just say give us all 0:08:28.680 --> 0:08:31.920 the money and don't worry about it after that. You 0:08:32.000 --> 0:08:34.880 have to provide annual reports. You have to, you know, 0:08:34.960 --> 0:08:37.720 deliver reports on like how the property is, the state 0:08:37.760 --> 0:08:41.760 of the property, any concerns like moving forward, basically kind 0:08:41.760 --> 0:08:45.280 of how things are going. And if you're a member country, 0:08:45.840 --> 0:08:48.120 you get the whopping sum of four million dollars a 0:08:48.200 --> 0:08:51.439 year from the World Heritage Fund, and that is I mean, 0:08:51.440 --> 0:08:53.240 some of that is preservation, but I get the feeling 0:08:53.320 --> 0:08:55.800 a lot of that is like just sort of functioning 0:08:55.840 --> 0:09:00.000 and identifying places and promoting your own world heritage. 0:09:00.600 --> 0:09:03.720 Yeah, probably paying for Docince is a chunk of that. 0:09:03.679 --> 0:09:05.920 Too, Yeah, probably so. 0:09:06.480 --> 0:09:10.400 But also if something happens acute disaster from human or 0:09:10.480 --> 0:09:14.199 natural causes, you'll get some emergency assistance. And then this 0:09:14.280 --> 0:09:16.600 is another big one that I think probably really comes 0:09:16.640 --> 0:09:20.679 in handy. There are experts who work at UNESCO who 0:09:20.760 --> 0:09:23.720 can train your staff, right. You don't have to figure 0:09:23.760 --> 0:09:25.480 out you don't have to reinvent the wheel every time 0:09:25.520 --> 0:09:28.120 and be like, this is an archaeological site. Let's figure 0:09:28.160 --> 0:09:30.720 out how to train you the staff to preserve it 0:09:30.760 --> 0:09:33.240 and explain it and all that stuff. You can send 0:09:33.320 --> 0:09:36.839 them off to I guess New York and have them 0:09:36.880 --> 0:09:38.800 trained up to do those things. 0:09:39.200 --> 0:09:41.320 Yeah, for sure. And tourism it's a big deal if 0:09:41.360 --> 0:09:44.400 you get one of your if you are a country, 0:09:44.440 --> 0:09:46.280 when you have a site, did you get put on 0:09:46.320 --> 0:09:49.200 this list? It's a big deal because people I think 0:09:49.960 --> 0:09:52.760 that don't know a ton about this kind of look 0:09:52.800 --> 0:09:55.600 at it as like a seven Wonders of the World 0:09:55.600 --> 0:09:57.680 list in some ways, and like here's a place like 0:09:57.800 --> 0:09:59.120 we got a visit before we die. 0:09:59.360 --> 0:10:01.760 Yeah, there's hundreds of wonders of the world as far 0:10:01.800 --> 0:10:03.760 as the World Heritage List is concerned. 0:10:04.240 --> 0:10:04.400 Yeah. 0:10:05.200 --> 0:10:10.200 So originally, Chuck, there were just like physical places and 0:10:10.320 --> 0:10:14.320 features that were on the World Heritage List called sites, 0:10:14.840 --> 0:10:19.040 and they were divided essentially into two categories, cultural or natural. 0:10:19.559 --> 0:10:22.880 And you can kind of generally guess what the criteria 0:10:23.280 --> 0:10:23.959 was for each. 0:10:25.360 --> 0:10:29.760 Yeah, Like if it's a natural Heritage site, that means 0:10:29.800 --> 0:10:35.120 there's just universal value, maybe scientifically or maybe even just esthetically. 0:10:37.240 --> 0:10:39.240 You know, we're talking about the Great Barrier Reef of 0:10:39.280 --> 0:10:44.600 Australia or Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, stuff like that, 0:10:44.679 --> 0:10:48.960 and it's you know, it's about protecting these natural wonders 0:10:49.000 --> 0:10:50.200 of the world generally. 0:10:50.400 --> 0:10:52.400 Yeah, And I mean we just take for granted that 0:10:52.440 --> 0:10:55.720 the Serengeti National Park is like amazing, but the reason 0:10:55.800 --> 0:10:58.080 why specifically. It was chosen because it's one of the 0:10:58.080 --> 0:11:02.440 best examples of large predator prey interactions. Like you just 0:11:02.480 --> 0:11:07.640 do not see lions chasing down antelope in Kansas. You 0:11:07.760 --> 0:11:12.760 don't see it unless the zoo's gone crazy. And that's 0:11:12.840 --> 0:11:15.560 one reason why it's protected. It's basically the main reason 0:11:15.600 --> 0:11:18.120 why it's protected. But then there's also an intersecting thing 0:11:18.200 --> 0:11:21.439 too that it's also gorgeous. So this fulfills a couple 0:11:21.440 --> 0:11:24.679 of things. It's biologically important to science, but it's also 0:11:24.800 --> 0:11:26.200 esthetically amazing too. 0:11:27.040 --> 0:11:30.679 Yeah, for sure. And this goes you know, every single 0:11:30.720 --> 0:11:32.000 one of these things. And we're not just going to 0:11:32.040 --> 0:11:33.640 go through and list a ton of different places. But 0:11:34.000 --> 0:11:36.400 if you're talking about the Yellowstone National Park, or the 0:11:36.400 --> 0:11:39.600 Galapagos Islands or like I mentioned, the Great Barrier Reef, 0:11:39.640 --> 0:11:42.839 these all seem like pretty obvious inclusions. 0:11:42.360 --> 0:11:44.720 For sure, and they were probably included pretty early on 0:11:44.800 --> 0:11:46.800 in the list's existence. 0:11:47.120 --> 0:11:47.720 Oh geez. 0:11:48.160 --> 0:11:51.840 So that's the natural site. There's also the cultural site, 0:11:51.920 --> 0:11:56.640 and these are essentially, you know, human made environments or 0:11:56.679 --> 0:12:02.560 structures or places of human occupation where humans did something 0:12:02.800 --> 0:12:07.120 impressive important, or it was just part of a larger culture. 0:12:07.840 --> 0:12:11.640 For example, there's a crossroads and I think, oh, I 0:12:11.640 --> 0:12:13.640 don't remember where it was, but it was just a 0:12:13.679 --> 0:12:17.440 crossroads back on the in the like the third century CE, 0:12:18.200 --> 0:12:20.480 and it was just really important at the time. It 0:12:20.520 --> 0:12:22.760 doesn't seem all that important now, but it was, and 0:12:22.800 --> 0:12:27.360 you want to preserve it because the future generations can 0:12:27.440 --> 0:12:29.520 learn from it and experience it and appreciate it. 0:12:29.960 --> 0:12:31.720 Yeah, for sure. And you know, it can also be 0:12:31.880 --> 0:12:35.120 a building or a sculpture, like the Statue of Liberty 0:12:35.760 --> 0:12:38.959 is on there under cultural heritage under that, but so 0:12:39.200 --> 0:12:42.080 is like Venice, Italy. So it can be a whole 0:12:42.200 --> 0:12:45.880 city that's sort of an ancient modern well not maybe 0:12:45.960 --> 0:12:48.000 not ancient, but a modern wonder. 0:12:47.640 --> 0:12:50.360 You know, right, and then it can be ancient two. 0:12:50.840 --> 0:12:55.559 And then also like how the esthetics and scientific importance 0:12:55.679 --> 0:13:00.120 intersect in the Serengeti National Park, that can happen, and 0:13:00.200 --> 0:13:04.520 cultural sites too, like it can be where archaeology and 0:13:05.600 --> 0:13:11.120 intersects with you know, humans like making shaping the natural environment, 0:13:11.200 --> 0:13:14.800 like the Kohoki amounts are on the list yea to 0:13:14.840 --> 0:13:17.959 where like all these different boxes can be checked and 0:13:18.000 --> 0:13:22.040 those are they call the the money sites where there's 0:13:22.120 --> 0:13:25.240 just a bunch of different criteria going on. 0:13:26.160 --> 0:13:29.600 Yeah, and when I said not ancient Venice specifically. 0:13:29.360 --> 0:13:31.240 I see, I see have you been to Venice. 0:13:31.760 --> 0:13:34.080 I've never been there. It's on a big time on 0:13:34.120 --> 0:13:36.240 the list. But I also just realized, I don't know 0:13:36.240 --> 0:13:38.479 when all that was engineered. 0:13:39.160 --> 0:13:42.760 I wanted to say, like the sixteenth century, but it 0:13:42.800 --> 0:13:46.440 could be like agent that's ancient is now. 0:13:46.600 --> 0:13:48.199 No, I don't even know what ancient means now I 0:13:48.240 --> 0:13:48.880 think about. 0:13:48.640 --> 0:13:51.480 It, but it's you're gonna love it. You will love Venice. 0:13:51.520 --> 0:13:54.640 And when you do, go there, go to Harry's Bar. 0:13:54.880 --> 0:13:59.400 It's where the Bellini was invented. Okay, they save Hemingway's 0:13:59.400 --> 0:14:04.439 seat at the bar, it's preserved. But their martinis are really, 0:14:04.440 --> 0:14:08.839 really good. They're outrageously expensive just because they know that 0:14:08.960 --> 0:14:11.880 you'll pay it because you're a tourist. But it's still 0:14:12.000 --> 0:14:12.760 worth getting. 0:14:13.520 --> 0:14:15.520 Well, maybe I can grow the beer back out and 0:14:15.840 --> 0:14:18.040 put some weight back on and convince everyone on the 0:14:18.040 --> 0:14:19.480 ghost of Hemingway and take that seat. 0:14:19.560 --> 0:14:23.120 Finally, well, bring a multi extra toad cat with you 0:14:24.160 --> 0:14:25.920 or are they cross eyed? What is it about those 0:14:25.960 --> 0:14:26.720 cats too to? 0:14:26.920 --> 0:14:29.880 I don't know. Are they polydactyl. 0:14:29.160 --> 0:14:33.400 I think so there's some unique feature that the Hemingway 0:14:33.440 --> 0:14:38.640 cats on Key West. I'll share. Yeah, okay, I want 0:14:38.680 --> 0:14:41.080 to say it's an extra toe. I'm not sure. 0:14:42.000 --> 0:14:47.200 Well, moving on, we'll figure that out. There are total 0:14:48.360 --> 0:14:50.520 a total of twelve hundred and forty eight World Heritage 0:14:50.560 --> 0:14:53.680 sites right now. The vast amount of those are cultural. 0:14:53.720 --> 0:14:56.920 I think seventy eight percent, nineteen percent are natural, and 0:14:57.000 --> 0:15:00.320 three percent are mixed. And Europe in North America have 0:15:00.560 --> 0:15:03.200 almost half of them. They have forty six percent, compared 0:15:03.240 --> 0:15:06.080 to Latin in the Caribbean, Latin American Caribbean at twelve percent, 0:15:06.560 --> 0:15:09.080 Asia and the Pacific twenty five percent, the Arab States 0:15:09.120 --> 0:15:12.520 eight percent, an African nine percent, although we should say 0:15:12.560 --> 0:15:16.280 Africa holds twenty percent of all the natural sites, which 0:15:16.320 --> 0:15:18.320 is pretty impressive and not surprising. 0:15:18.640 --> 0:15:20.920 That is cool. I say we take a break. But 0:15:21.000 --> 0:15:23.120 first I also wanted to point out that not all 0:15:23.160 --> 0:15:27.400 of these are you know, just like up with humanity like. 0:15:27.440 --> 0:15:31.600 They also preserve some pretty dark stuff too. One good 0:15:31.640 --> 0:15:35.680 example is the Navy School of Mechanics in Argentina, which 0:15:35.720 --> 0:15:39.320 has turned into a Site of Memory, a museum where 0:15:39.960 --> 0:15:43.080 they basically preserved the fact that this was a place 0:15:43.120 --> 0:15:48.240 where people were abducted, tortured, and murdered by dictatorships in 0:15:48.320 --> 0:15:51.400 Latin America in the nineteen seventies and eighties. And this 0:15:51.480 --> 0:15:54.320 is a World Heritage site because it's important to remember. 0:15:54.840 --> 0:15:57.400 People will do this, like people will vote people like 0:15:57.440 --> 0:16:00.000 this into office and keep them there, and those people 0:16:00.160 --> 0:16:02.560 can turn on their own people, and you can be 0:16:02.600 --> 0:16:06.400 abducted and disappeared and murdered by the state that happens. 0:16:06.800 --> 0:16:09.600 That to me is like one of the big driving 0:16:11.560 --> 0:16:14.320 I guess it drives home the point of the World 0:16:14.360 --> 0:16:19.160 Heritage lists more than some of these others. Right to remember, right, 0:16:19.240 --> 0:16:21.360 but you don't have to just remember the dark stuff. 0:16:21.440 --> 0:16:24.680 You can remember all the stuff, but you can't ignore 0:16:24.720 --> 0:16:26.360 the dark stuff, I guess, is what I mean. 0:16:27.000 --> 0:16:29.880 Well said, just like Lord Vader himself. 0:16:30.760 --> 0:16:32.640 What do you say, like, come on over, baby, the 0:16:32.720 --> 0:16:34.080 dark side's feeling great? 0:16:34.840 --> 0:16:37.400 I think so that was the line. Should we take 0:16:37.440 --> 0:16:37.920 that break? 0:16:38.480 --> 0:16:39.720 Yeah, I think we should. 0:16:39.800 --> 0:17:01.960 All right, We'll be right back, everybody, all right. So 0:17:02.000 --> 0:17:05.480 we mentioned early we're back by the way, that UNESCO 0:17:05.640 --> 0:17:12.119 would eventually adopt stuff like oral traditions and performing arts 0:17:12.160 --> 0:17:15.399 and social rituals and practices and things like that. That 0:17:15.440 --> 0:17:18.840 happened in two thousand and three specifically, and you know, 0:17:18.960 --> 0:17:21.280 this was a very valuable ad. I think, like a 0:17:21.320 --> 0:17:24.720 skill set or a knowledge, or just some irreplaceable custom 0:17:25.280 --> 0:17:29.600 or traditional craft or skill or something that you know, 0:17:29.720 --> 0:17:32.440 could be in danger of being lost, you know, if 0:17:32.480 --> 0:17:33.280 not for stuff like this. 0:17:33.680 --> 0:17:37.160 Yeah, and again it can be twelve families shrimp fishing 0:17:37.160 --> 0:17:38.720 on horseback in Belgium. 0:17:38.920 --> 0:17:42.280 I want to see that. What does that look like? 0:17:42.560 --> 0:17:44.679 It looks like somebody with a horse and a shrimp 0:17:44.760 --> 0:17:48.400 net on a beach. I saw a picture of it. 0:17:49.080 --> 0:17:50.679 I mean I kind of figured that, but you know, 0:17:51.040 --> 0:17:52.080 I bet the shrimp are good. 0:17:53.119 --> 0:17:55.760 But I think this is it's worth preserving too, because 0:17:57.000 --> 0:17:59.520 this is important to like these people. It's not saying 0:17:59.600 --> 0:18:01.600 like was this this is what America thinks is cool 0:18:01.880 --> 0:18:04.520 or this is what you know Zimbabwe thinks is cool? 0:18:04.760 --> 0:18:08.040 Like this is this is important to this culture. There's 0:18:08.080 --> 0:18:10.440 a culture on planet Earth and this is important to 0:18:10.480 --> 0:18:13.880 them and we should preserve it just for that very reason. 0:18:14.200 --> 0:18:18.560 Plus also, really, what is supporting horseback shrimp fishing among 0:18:18.600 --> 0:18:21.520 twelve families in Belgium really costing the world to support? 0:18:21.680 --> 0:18:21.879 You know? 0:18:22.560 --> 0:18:26.560 Agreed? One part about being included on this part of 0:18:26.560 --> 0:18:28.480 the list is that And I think this is kind 0:18:28.480 --> 0:18:32.160 of cool is it can be inherited from the past, 0:18:32.240 --> 0:18:36.119 but it also is applied to a contemporary setting, and 0:18:36.200 --> 0:18:39.040 so that means, you know, it can't be the lost 0:18:39.160 --> 0:18:42.200 art of whatever if it's like truly really no one 0:18:42.240 --> 0:18:44.080 is even doing this at all anymore. Like you can 0:18:44.119 --> 0:18:46.200 be dlisted and we're gonna talk about that in a minute. 0:18:47.440 --> 0:18:50.280 Not d listed is in d dash, but d E dash. 0:18:50.440 --> 0:18:51.959 Oh you've seen you know that site? 0:18:53.600 --> 0:18:54.840 Well, no, wasn't that a TV show? 0:18:55.560 --> 0:18:58.200 Oh? I don't know. There's a really mean like burn 0:18:58.280 --> 0:19:00.720 blog or there used to be called you Listed. That 0:19:00.880 --> 0:19:02.840 was hilarious but also really cruel. 0:19:04.040 --> 0:19:07.680 No, I was never on that. But if you are included, 0:19:07.720 --> 0:19:11.679 that means this practice or this ritual or custom is 0:19:11.680 --> 0:19:15.720 passed through generations and communities and very community based overall. 0:19:15.880 --> 0:19:22.960 Like it's recognized, it's recognized within that community and outside 0:19:22.960 --> 0:19:25.439 that community as something of value, kind of like the 0:19:25.600 --> 0:19:26.439 trimp people. 0:19:26.640 --> 0:19:30.720 Trimp people just because it's interesting, you know, Yeah, let's 0:19:30.720 --> 0:19:32.600 talk about we dug up some other ones. You want 0:19:32.680 --> 0:19:34.440 to just kind of throw a few of these out. 0:19:34.520 --> 0:19:37.280 I found basically all these interesting movies should probably just 0:19:37.280 --> 0:19:37.600 pick some. 0:19:38.320 --> 0:19:42.280 Yeah, I'll go with the bagpipes. Bulgarian bagpipe making and 0:19:42.400 --> 0:19:46.040 bag pipe playing. Apparently it's a very big thing in Bulgaria, 0:19:46.119 --> 0:19:49.520 passed down through the families for generations, and it used 0:19:49.520 --> 0:19:52.320 to be like a father to something. Now they will 0:19:52.440 --> 0:19:56.359 teach all genders, which is kind of great, and you know, 0:19:56.400 --> 0:19:58.240 it's in social clubs, they teach it in schools and 0:19:58.280 --> 0:20:00.159 they're like, we need to protect this, and it is 0:20:00.200 --> 0:20:00.840 on that list. 0:20:01.960 --> 0:20:04.560 It's also there's some very famous ones too that it's 0:20:04.600 --> 0:20:09.400 not just as obscure as horseback shrimp fishing. Artisanal baguette 0:20:09.480 --> 0:20:13.879 making in France is protected, Coffee's protected sauna culture and 0:20:13.880 --> 0:20:18.880 Finland's protected. Gingerbread crafting in Croatia, and then it does 0:20:18.920 --> 0:20:22.399 get a little more niche loincloth weaving and cote de 0:20:22.520 --> 0:20:27.119 voir human power creation. They're called castles in Spain to 0:20:27.160 --> 0:20:30.760 where people just stack up on other people. And then 0:20:30.800 --> 0:20:34.800 there's also an annual grass mowing competition in Bosnia Hertzgevina, 0:20:35.320 --> 0:20:39.600 and it is using a scythe they're not just like 0:20:39.680 --> 0:20:43.959 riding John Deere tractors or anything like that, and it's 0:20:44.080 --> 0:20:46.720 exactly what it sounds like it's a grass mowing competition 0:20:47.680 --> 0:20:50.600 that's protected. Also, so is yodeling in Switzerland. 0:20:51.480 --> 0:20:55.640 Yeah, great list, thank you, So check. 0:20:55.680 --> 0:20:57.800 I don't know if you said there's a danger list. 0:20:57.800 --> 0:21:00.320 Did you mention that. I don't think we have yet. No. 0:21:00.480 --> 0:21:03.560 I talked about being delisted. But before you're delisted, you 0:21:03.600 --> 0:21:04.280 can be in danger. 0:21:05.119 --> 0:21:08.360 Yeah, and you can be in danger from we did 0:21:08.400 --> 0:21:10.120 kind of talk about you can be in danger from 0:21:10.720 --> 0:21:16.280 armed conflict, war, from climate change, from all like just 0:21:16.560 --> 0:21:20.800 a complete change of the surrounding area can can get 0:21:20.800 --> 0:21:24.320 you delisted. In danger is where this is the step 0:21:24.400 --> 0:21:28.440 before delisting, and essentially UNESCO steps in and says, hey, 0:21:28.600 --> 0:21:30.720 we need to do something about this because the site 0:21:30.760 --> 0:21:34.520 is deteriorating, or we need to figure out how to 0:21:34.560 --> 0:21:37.119 lift the Statue of Liberty one hundred feet so that 0:21:37.119 --> 0:21:40.160 sea level rise doesn't you know, wash it away. And 0:21:40.320 --> 0:21:43.720 there's two kinds. There's ascertained danger, which is like this 0:21:43.800 --> 0:21:46.879 is going to happen, and then there's potential danger, like 0:21:46.960 --> 0:21:50.760 say stuff coming from climate change, or if it's you know, 0:21:51.000 --> 0:21:55.000 a civil conflict is starting to heat up and it 0:21:55.000 --> 0:21:56.720 looks like a civil war is going to break out 0:21:56.880 --> 0:21:59.159 and there's a heritage site right in the crossfire. 0:21:59.760 --> 0:22:02.760 Yeah for sure. And you know, one good example of 0:22:02.800 --> 0:22:07.360 something they might do is they are these national parks 0:22:07.520 --> 0:22:11.679 and I guess they're all national parks in the Democratic 0:22:11.680 --> 0:22:14.920 Republic of Congo. That was, they were all made the 0:22:15.000 --> 0:22:18.360 Danger List between ninety four and ninety seven, so they 0:22:18.520 --> 0:22:21.080