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Speaker 1: I was so happy on that September eleventh, twenty years ago.

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Speaker 1: I remember it was a slow morning that morning because

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Speaker 1: that day for CNN, I was going to have a

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Speaker 1: day off. I was going to work that night. I

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Speaker 1: was going to be able to be with my kids.

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Speaker 1: I could take them to school on their first day.

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Speaker 1: And I even woke up early enough to go to

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Speaker 1: the gym super early. I was walking back from the

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Speaker 1: gym that morning, and I had my walkman on, Yes,

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Speaker 1: a walkman. I was listening to the radio El Vasilone

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Speaker 1: La Manana. It's a raunchy kind of morning show, shock

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Speaker 1: jocks in Spanish, and a caller calls into the radio

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Speaker 1: show and she's totally freaked out. She's screaming. She's saying

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Speaker 1: that a plane has crashed into a tower at the

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Speaker 1: World Trade Center. And the jockeys, the DJs, they're just

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Speaker 1: like yeah, yucking it up, like sure, uh huh. And

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Speaker 1: then they said, oh my god, it's true. They heard

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Speaker 1: the sirens in the background. I ran back to my apartment,

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Speaker 1: ran up five flights of stairs. CNN had already called

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Speaker 1: and I was to go downtown to get as close

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Speaker 1: as I could to the World Trade Center. I got

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Speaker 1: on the subway, and it was inside the subway with

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Speaker 1: a bunch of others, scared New Yorkers that we realized

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Speaker 1: that a second plane had hit just.

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Speaker 2: Moments ago, So maybe eighteen minutes after the first impact,

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Speaker 2: the second tower was impacted with what appeared to be

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Speaker 2: another passenger plane.

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Speaker 1: I got out of the subway or someplace around twenty

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Speaker 1: third Street, and I started walking downtown and waves of

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Speaker 1: people were already pushing their way uptown, away from the

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Speaker 1: World Trade Center, and their faces were filled with trauma.

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Speaker 1: Cars basically had stopped. There was no movement, no traffic,

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Speaker 1: nowhere to go. Their doors were open, and their car

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Speaker 1: radios were tuned into the same radio station. It was

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Speaker 1: a news station echoing through.

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Speaker 3: The streets, but they're obviously.

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Speaker 1: When suddenly I saw the tower fall, the first one.

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Speaker 4: The building, now I knew.

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Speaker 1: I started screaming, Oh my god. CNN had told me

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Speaker 1: to get to Saint Vincent's Medical Center that was just

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Speaker 1: north of what would now be known as ground zero.

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Speaker 1: I gathered outside of that hospital with the New York

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Speaker 1: Press Corps and there was a sea of green and

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Speaker 1: white coming out of the hospital doors. All of the

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Speaker 1: nurses and doctors in their scrubs and white sheets put

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Speaker 1: over chairs so that they were ready to receive all

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Speaker 1: of the wounded, all of the survivors.

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Speaker 4: No one came.

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Speaker 1: There are a lot of questions about you know, so

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Speaker 1: where were you on September eleventh? Where were you when

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Speaker 1: it happened? What do you remember? It's been twenty years,

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Speaker 1: but that time hasn't dulled my memory. My home was

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Speaker 1: under attack that day, and I'll never ever forget from

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Speaker 1: Futuro media and PRX It's Latino USA. I'm Maria no

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Speaker 1: Rosa today on the twentieth anniversary of September eleventh. How

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Speaker 1: that one catastrophic day impacted immigration for decades to come.

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Speaker 4: One thing that.

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Speaker 1: We all immediately knew on September eleventh, twenty years ago

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Speaker 1: was that this event was going to resonate across time

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Speaker 1: and borders. Almost three thousand people from more than ninety

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Speaker 1: countries died on that day. Thousands more are dealing with

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Speaker 1: lasting injuries, depression, and like me, PTSD, including a lot

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Speaker 1: of first responders, the ground zero cleanup workers, many of

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Speaker 1: them who were undocumented, and people from the community. But

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Speaker 1: even before those physical and mental traumas really manifested in full.

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Speaker 1: Very quickly, a new political reality emerged from fear. In

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Speaker 1: that moment, people found themselves willing to grant the government

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Speaker 1: control over just about anything that could be tied back

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Speaker 1: to national security, believing that was the way to keep

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Speaker 1: Americans safe from terrorism. And soon after that, the panic

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Speaker 1: over keeping the country safe evolved into an ugly ongoing

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Speaker 1: debate over yes immigration. Once again, politicians and journalists call

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Speaker 1: for the tightening of US borders, toughening up our immigration

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Speaker 1: system large, and keeping people out.

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Speaker 5: The public understands that strict enforcement of immigration laws is

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Speaker 5: a very helpful way of stopping and reducing the terrorist threat.

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Speaker 6: And you cannot put those two things in the separate

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Speaker 6: boxes and deal with immigration over here and border security

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Speaker 6: over here. I want the borders under our control, and

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Speaker 6: I don't see anything either peculiar about that or unseemly

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Speaker 6: are insensitive.

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Speaker 1: Newsrooms were under pressure to defer to pro US narratives,

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Speaker 1: and if you questioned any of this, well, that made

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Speaker 1: you an unpatriotic American. A total crackdown on refugees and

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Speaker 1: migrants would soon be underway, and this approach would inform

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Speaker 1: the US government's next major moves, including the creation of

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Speaker 1: the Department of Homeland Security, which did not exist before

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Speaker 1: September eleventh. It also led to the dismantling of the

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Speaker 1: INS the Immigration and Naturalization Service, and replacing it with

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Speaker 1: several new agencies, including ICE, Immigration and Customs Enforcement. But

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Speaker 1: to really understand just how much nine to eleven changed

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Speaker 1: the entire narrative around immigration in the United States, we've

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Speaker 1: got to go back a bit further. Our producer Alejandra

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Speaker 1: s Aasad is going to take.

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Speaker 4: It from here.

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Speaker 7: The first year of the New millennium was one for

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Speaker 7: the history books. After surviving the y Took computer scare,

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Speaker 7: we had the Sydney Summer Olympics.

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Speaker 8: Since more than ten thousand athletes the Olympic Games have

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Speaker 8: come down under.

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Speaker 7: The premiere of the hit reality series Survivor, the first

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Speaker 7: crew to live on the International Space Station one lift

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Speaker 7: off of the Soyuz rocket, beginning the first expedition to

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Speaker 7: the International space. And also in two thousand, a new

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Speaker 7: US census, the National Survey, determined that more than two

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Speaker 7: hundred and eighty one million people lived in this country,

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Speaker 7: the largest number in its history up to that point.

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Speaker 7: And in November, following a historically close and contentious election.

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Speaker 9: By stand by, CNN right now is moving our earlier

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Speaker 9: declaration of Florida back.

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Speaker 3: To the too close to cole column. Ah, this no

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Speaker 3: longer is a victory Flora. Vice President Gore. Just moments

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Speaker 3: ago I spoke with George W.

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Speaker 2: Bush and congratulated him on becoming the forty third president

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Speaker 2: of the United States.

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Speaker 10: Thirty seven days after Americans went to the polls.

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Speaker 11: And now we have a winner.

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Speaker 7: Now it can be said President elect Bush. Bush was

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Speaker 7: elected with thirty five percent of the Latino vote, the

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Speaker 7: highest LATINX turnout for a Republican since Ronald Reagan in

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Speaker 7: nineteen eighty four, and this was pretty significant. The Latino

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Speaker 7: population had expanded by more than fifty percent over the

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Speaker 7: last decade to more than thirty five million people. Latinos

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Speaker 7: represented a rapidly growing voter block that couldn't be easily

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Speaker 7: ignored anymore. Capitalizing on this political moment, the Bush administration

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Speaker 7: introduced an agenda that indicated pro immigration reform was in

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Speaker 7: the works, especially to help and benefit Mexicans. As the

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Speaker 7: former governor of Texas, Bush had developed a friendly relationship

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Speaker 7: with then Mexican President.

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Speaker 4: We sent the Fox that continued into his presidency.

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Speaker 11: President I won you to know that we consider you

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Speaker 11: a friend of Mexico, a friend of Mexican people, in

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Speaker 11: a friend of mine.

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Speaker 7: In February two thousand and one, a joint US Mexico

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Speaker 7: panel released recommendations for future immigration policy, including streamlining the

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Speaker 7: process for Mexicans to attain visas and legal status in

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Speaker 7: the US.

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Speaker 9: We exchanged ideas about safe and orderly migration, a policy

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Speaker 9: that respects individuals on both sides of the.

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Speaker 7: Border, and according to reports from July two thousand and one,

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Speaker 7: the White House was even considering offering permanent residency to

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Speaker 7: undocumented Mexicans in the US. This move would have dramatically

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Speaker 7: changed the lives of more than three million people in

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Speaker 7: this country. That summer, Congress was deliberating several bills to

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Speaker 7: offer protections and citizenship opportunities to immigrant farm workers, but

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Speaker 7: come fall, the bills were shelved nine to eleven. Had

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Speaker 7: ushered in a new political atmosphere where pro immigrant legislation

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Speaker 7: just didn't stand a chance. Instead, issues like securing borders

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Speaker 7: and gathering intelligence became top priorities. For example, the Transportation

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Speaker 7: Security Administration was created TSA.

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Speaker 4: It also came with the new airport screening rules.

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Speaker 7: That's why you have to take off your shoes at

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Speaker 7: security or X rayal your electronics. The US Patriot Act

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Speaker 7: was passed only forty five days after the attacks. It

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Speaker 7: gave the government power to monitor your phone records and

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Speaker 7: your Internet use, and access your personal records like individual finances.

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Speaker 7: This was all done in the name of fighting terrorism.

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Speaker 7: Nine to eleven also normalized anti immigrant attitudes on a

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Speaker 7: national scale. The nineteen hijackers behind nine to eleven were

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Speaker 7: all from Middle Eastern countries, and several arrived in the

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Speaker 7: US well before the attacks. The idea that people born

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Speaker 7: outside of this country could become its biggest threat turned

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Speaker 7: into a mainstream policy priority almost overnight.

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Speaker 12: Donald J.

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Speaker 13: Trump is calling for a total and complete shutdown of

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Speaker 13: Muslims entering the United States until our countries represent.

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Speaker 4: Remember Donald Trump's Muslim band just four years ago?

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Speaker 11: What the hell is going on?

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Speaker 4: One of the most.

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Speaker 7: Obvious precedents for it was the Bush Administration's National Security

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Speaker 7: Entry Exit Registration System end SEERS for short. It was

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Speaker 7: established within a year of nine to eleven.

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Speaker 14: It was a special registration program for certain individuals that

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Speaker 14: came from countries that had a historic tie to terrorism.

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Speaker 14: We just had to give closer scrutiny to those individuals

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Speaker 14: to make sure they had legitimate travel the United States.

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Speaker 7: For nearly a decade, non citizens entering the US had

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Speaker 7: to register with the federal government. That meant giving their fingerprints, photos,

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Speaker 7: and submitting to interrogation. They were monitored by im MCG

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Speaker 7: officials and tracked to make sure they left the country

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Speaker 7: as intended. Overstaying their visas meant arrests, fines, and deportations.

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Speaker 4: All men sixteen.

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Speaker 7: Years in older from a list of twenty five countries

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Speaker 7: were forced to participate in the NCIERS program. Twenty four

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Speaker 7: of those countries were a majority Muslim, including Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Egypt,

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Speaker 7: and the United Arab Emirates, the four countries that the

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Speaker 7: nine to eleven hijackers were from.

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Speaker 4: Over eighty thousand.

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Speaker 7: Men and boys were registered, and more than thirteen thousand

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Speaker 7: were put in the pipeline for deportation. Now, this endeavor

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Speaker 7: ultimately failed. The program didn't result in a single terrorism

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Speaker 7: related conviction, not one. ENSEERS was suspended in twenty eleven

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Speaker 7: and ended in twenty sixteen under the Obama administration.

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Speaker 10: Obama's move comes only one day after Donald Trump appeared

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Speaker 10: to reiterate his pledge to reinstate this very registry when

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Speaker 10: answering a question from a For the.

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Speaker 7: Past twenty years, immigration and terrorism have been handled within

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Speaker 7: the same federal organization. Not even a month after nine

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Speaker 7: to eleven, the Bush administration created the Office of Homeland Security.

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Speaker 7: It became a cabinet level department a year later with

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Speaker 7: the passage of the Homeland Security Act.

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Speaker 9: The Homeland Security Act of two thousand and two takes

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Speaker 9: the next critical steps in defending our country. The continuing

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Speaker 9: threat of terrorism, the threat of mass murder on our

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Speaker 9: own soil will be met with a unified, effective response.

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Speaker 9: Dozens of agencies charged with homeland security will now be

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Speaker 9: located within one.

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Speaker 7: DHS is huge, with twenty two agencies under its purview,

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Speaker 7: and its responsibilities are vast. DHS is in charge of

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Speaker 7: national cybersecurity, the Coastguard, the Secret Service, and the Countering

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Speaker 7: Weapons of Mass Destruction Office, just to name a few.

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Speaker 7: But this is also the same department that processes and

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Speaker 7: polices new immigrants to the United States. Immigration and Customs

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Speaker 7: Enforcement aka ICE didn't exist until two thousand and two.

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Speaker 4: It's also a part of the AHS.

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Speaker 7: The agency's responsibilities include enforcing border security, regulating immigration, and

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Speaker 7: removing quote criminal non citizens from the United States in

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Speaker 7: the name of national security. Immigrants would be formally recorded, vetted, tracked, detained,

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Speaker 7: held in legal limbo for decades, and subject to brutality

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Speaker 7: and mistreatment at the hands of enforcement officers. This isn't

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Speaker 7: to say that immigration enforcement wasn't happening before nine to eleven,

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Speaker 7: but with all these new security policies and agencies, immigrants

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Speaker 7: became obvious mainstream targets.

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Speaker 15: ICE will attack thousands of family, separating children from parents.

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Speaker 5: Passionate protesters today in Chicago joined those in cities around

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Speaker 5: the nation.

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Speaker 7: ICE has only become more powerful over the years, with

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Speaker 7: record level detainments and deportations over the past decade under

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Speaker 7: the Obama and Trump administrations.

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Speaker 16: You know, let's just remember that the largest deportation happened

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Speaker 16: under President Obama. There are many critics called them the

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Speaker 16: deporter in Chief, and that was something like four hundred thousand.

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Speaker 16: So when you're talking about millions here, it is unprecedented.

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Speaker 17: Several loud and angry protests were held across the country

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Speaker 17: today of.

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Speaker 16: A President Trump's decision to start immigration raids to Mara

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Speaker 16: and the.

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Speaker 7: Entire reason for its existence is based on a single

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Speaker 7: idea that immigrants pose an ongoing threat to this country,

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Speaker 7: an idea that was crystallized after nine to eleven and

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Speaker 7: that we're still grappling with to this day.

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Speaker 1: Coming up on Latino USA, more on the repercussions of

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Speaker 1: the nine to eleven attacks on immigrant communities, and we

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Speaker 1: learn about real ID, a seemingly innocuous federal legislation that

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Speaker 1: risks pushing hundreds of thousands of undocumented drivers into a

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Speaker 1: colliding path with Ice. Stay with us, not stay yes, Hey,

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Speaker 1: we're back. Before the break, we heard about the creation

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Speaker 1: of the Department of Homeland Security, but that was just

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Speaker 1: the beginning. The policies which followed, under the guise of

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Speaker 1: securing the nation, would infiltrate numerous aspects of local and

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Speaker 1: federal governance, including states departments of motor vehicles. But at

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Speaker 1: the other end of the new quote unquote anti terrorism policies,

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Speaker 1: the people most affected would once again be immigrant families.

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Speaker 1: So how did September eleventh pave the way for something

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Speaker 1: known as the real ID? Latino USA producer Julieta Martinelli

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Speaker 1: is going to pick up the story from here.

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Speaker 15: In August two thousand and eight, Sulema, my mom received

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Speaker 15: a letter in the mail. I was living a few

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Speaker 15: blocks away at the time, and she called me immediately.

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Speaker 13: My friend Chui had got a letter before me, so

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Speaker 13: I knew that it might happen to me too.

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Speaker 15: The letter came from the Department of Driver's Services in Georgia,

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Speaker 15: where we had lived since nineteen ninety seven, when my mom,

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Speaker 15: my older brother, and I immigrated from Argentina. We knew

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Speaker 15: immediately it was bad news. The letter said that her

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Speaker 15: license was about to expire. Georgia at the time granted

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Speaker 15: driver's licenses for ten years. My mom had gotten hers

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Speaker 15: in ninety eight when she still had a tourist visa,

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Speaker 15: just months after arriving. The letter said in order to

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Speaker 15: renew it, she would need to go to the DMB

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Speaker 15: and provide documents proving that she was living legally in

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Speaker 15: the US.

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Speaker 13: It was like the end of the world, because I

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Speaker 13: knew that there was no way I could provide that there.

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Speaker 15: The problem was, for nearly eleven years we've lived in

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Speaker 15: the US undocumented.

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Speaker 13: You feel like the will is opening on your feet

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Speaker 13: because you know they're on the since we are going

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Speaker 13: to be different, and it felt really very bad.

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Speaker 9: Now.

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Speaker 15: Being undocumented affected our daily lives in endless ways. We

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Speaker 15: couldn't travel, we hadn't seen our family in years, and

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Speaker 15: just a couple of years earlier, my mom had gotten

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Speaker 15: laid off. I couldn't even go to college at the time,

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Speaker 15: but I had managed to get hired as an intern

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Speaker 15: at a Spanish language newspaper, and there I had been

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Speaker 15: trained to be a reporter. I was actually working two

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Speaker 15: jobs at the newspaper during the day, and when I

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Speaker 15: got off, I would work until four am as a

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Speaker 15: shift manager at a nearby taco bill. Working with questionable

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Speaker 15: paperwork meant you had to take what was available. Often

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Speaker 15: your bosses knew that too, and your wages reflected that.

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Speaker 15: But my mom being able to drive in suburban Georgia

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Speaker 15: was huge and necessary. There was just one train line

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Speaker 15: to Atlanta, which required a twenty minute drive to the

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Speaker 15: station from our house, and the body at best public

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Speaker 15: bus system. A driver's license meant that she could drive

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Speaker 15: to clean houses daily, that she wouldn't need to work

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Speaker 15: for someone else, that she could go and get groceries

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Speaker 15: to the park on the weekends. Think of how often

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Speaker 15: you show your ID and your daily life to travel,

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Speaker 15: to walk into a bar, even to buy cough syrup

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Speaker 15: at the pharmacy. But more importantly, it meant she could

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Speaker 15: register her car, she could get insurance. She was a

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Speaker 15: lifeline for our family.

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Speaker 13: It was a risk that we had to run. There

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Speaker 13: was no other way. If it was like put your

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Speaker 13: life in an a permanent stop, if you couldn't drive.

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Speaker 13: We decided to go on because we came to this

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Speaker 13: country to work to improve.

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Speaker 15: Like my mom, non citizen drivers all over the state

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Speaker 15: with licenses set to expire that year received similar letters.

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Speaker 15: In two thousand and three, Georgia had started to verify

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Speaker 15: the legal status of all applicants by requiring immigration paperwork

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Speaker 15: and running it through various databases. That's why my brother

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Speaker 15: and I had never been able to apply for a license.

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Speaker 15: We were just too young before the cutoff. But my

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Speaker 15: mom was one of the last holdouts, people who had

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Speaker 15: received their driver's licenses before the state's more stringent policies.

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Speaker 15: Plus Georgia was streamlining. On January first, two thousand and eight,

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Speaker 15: the Georgia Department of Drivers Services officially began using a

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Speaker 15: program called safe. It was used to confirm people's identities

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Speaker 15: and lawful presence in the country in order to grant

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Speaker 15: driver's licenses. SAVE was a program created by USCIS. That's

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Speaker 15: the US Citizenship and Immigration Services, the agency that administers

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Speaker 15: the country's naturalization and immigration system. It too, lives under

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Speaker 15: the purview of the overreaching Department of Homeland Security. That

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Speaker 15: was supposed to make things faster and more accurate instead

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Speaker 15: of running names and socials through several databases. This was

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Speaker 15: the future all in one. Around the same time, the

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Speaker 15: Georgia legislature began considering a bill to make driving while

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Speaker 15: unlicensed a felony a felony. Any felony would later need

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Speaker 15: to be disclosed to USCIS if an opportunity ever arose

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Speaker 15: to legalize status.

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Speaker 13: It was scary, It was really scary, and we were

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Speaker 13: running like playing hide and seek. That was it with

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Speaker 13: the police, with the immigration things. It was very hard time.

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Speaker 15: By the end of two thousand and eight, my mom

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Speaker 15: was on her first of many years unlicensed, and so

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Speaker 15: was I but neither of us realized just how tied

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Speaker 15: what was happening in our present was to an event

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Speaker 15: that had shaken the whole nation nearly a decade earlier.

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Speaker 15: This wasn't just Georgia being Georgia. It was happening across

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Speaker 15: the nation. But how was life before ninety eleven changed

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Speaker 15: it completely? Things weren't all that better. There were thousands

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Speaker 15: of undocumented people like me and my family who were

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Speaker 15: living in states that did not grant driver's licenses. Some

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Speaker 15: of them traveled to states like Washington, North Carolina, or Tennessee,

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Speaker 15: where a proof of legal status was not necessary. There

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Speaker 15: you could get a driver's license and register your vehicle

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Speaker 15: so you had a valid tag. In other states, undocumented

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Speaker 15: people had been able to access driver's licenses using other documents,

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Speaker 15: sometimes borrowing a friend's address. In other places, like Virginia,

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Speaker 15: the state allowed waivers that identified resident drivers as non

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Speaker 15: citizens but still allow them to legally drive. The American

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Speaker 15: Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators, which represents the state agencies

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Speaker 15: that issue licenses, had even begun urging Congress to issue

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Speaker 15: uniform rules regarding the granting of licenses to undocumented people

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Speaker 15: instead of leaving it to each state, And there were

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Speaker 15: a lot of good reasons to do it.

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Speaker 18: More than ten other states already allow it, and advocates

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Speaker 18: say it would make the road safer and raise millions

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Speaker 18: of dollars in revenue.

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Speaker 14: It would be good for the state, good for the

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Speaker 14: undocumented individuals who could get the licenses, good for safety,

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Speaker 14: good for revenue, which is in a way though least and.

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Speaker 15: Some states were making progress. In the summer of two

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Speaker 15: thousand and one, The New York Times reported that the

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Speaker 15: Hispanic liaison to the New York County government had asked

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Speaker 15: the DMB to accept the individual Taxpayer Identification Number, which

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Speaker 15: is issued by the IRS on applications for licenses. While

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Speaker 15: undocumented people in places like New York City were close

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Speaker 15: to finally being able to get legal IDs and driver's licenses,

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Speaker 15: September eleven ended those conversations completely. Immediately after the terrorist attacks,

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Speaker 15: as information trickled out slowly, the twenty four hour news

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Speaker 15: cycle was dominated by stories of the terrorists who had

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Speaker 15: been able to do what they did because they had

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Speaker 15: been able to obtain legal identifications.

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Speaker 6: This terrorist attack did fly to Boston from Portland, Maine,

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Speaker 6: and interestingly enough, they used New Jersey driver's license as identification.

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Speaker 15: Sixteen of the nineteen terrorists held Baalid driver's licenses or

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Speaker 15: identification cards from states including Virginia and Florida. These documents

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Speaker 15: had enabled them to board planes, open bank accounts, and

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Speaker 15: rent apartments. The federal government was under mounting pressure to

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Speaker 15: publicly address this quote vulnerability in the system.

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Speaker 17: The nine to eleven Commission noted all but one of

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Speaker 17: the nine to eleven Commission hijackers acquired some form of

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Speaker 17: US identification document, some by fraud. Acquisition of these forms

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Speaker 17: of identification would have assisted them in boarding commercial flights,

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Speaker 17: renting cars, and other necessary activities.

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Speaker 3: That's the commission report.

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Speaker 15: In the following two years, nearly every state with potential

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Speaker 15: gaps took measures to toughen its roles. A traumatized nation

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Speaker 15: needed some semblance of security of control, and this was

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Speaker 15: one of the things the government could actually tell citizens

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Speaker 15: that they were trying to reign in. Initially, politicians began

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Speaker 15: calling out for a national database so that policies mirrored

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Speaker 15: each other's state to state, but issuing of identification cards

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Speaker 15: falls under state legislation, so the federal government could not

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Speaker 15: take over and force an uniform set of guidelines. That Congress,

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Speaker 15: the real Id Act of two thousand and five, was

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Speaker 15: passed with bipartisan support. It found a way to force

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Speaker 15: states to update their laws by mandating that DMBs require

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Speaker 15: proof of citizenship to grant real ID driver's licenses and

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Speaker 15: ID cards, among other measures, Applicants would have to prove

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Speaker 15: their legal status by showing documents like a US passport,

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Speaker 15: a Social Security card, or even a Green card. This

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Speaker 15: was a huge blow to undocumented people because it meant

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Speaker 15: the federal government has succeeded in forcing the hand of

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Speaker 15: states that had at least been friendly, and was empowering

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Speaker 15: the states that hadn't, like Georgia, to restrict access even further.

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Speaker 5: This is talk of the Nation. I'm Neil Conan in Washington.

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Speaker 5: Members of Congress have also taken up the issue. In February,

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Speaker 5: a provision known as real ID passed in the House

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Speaker 5: of Representatives. It would impose federal standards on driver's licenses

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Speaker 5: and also make it harder for emigrats to seek asylum.

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Speaker 15: Real ideas are simply identifications that have passed a quote

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Speaker 15: higher level of security. People's data has been checked against

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Speaker 15: a number of federal databases to house information about the applicants.

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Speaker 15: The legislation made it so that the real ideas would

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Speaker 15: eventually become mandatory for people who want to access federal facilities,

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Speaker 15: board federally regulated airplanes, and enter nuclear power plants. Any

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Speaker 15: state that did not comply with the minimum regulations could

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Speaker 15: still provide driver's licenses to their residents, but by a

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Speaker 15: set period of time when the law would go into effect,

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Speaker 15: those citizens would be blocked from accessing these federally controlled areas.

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Speaker 15: Of course, the one most people cared about was the

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Speaker 15: ability to fly. I mean, imagine you show up at

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Speaker 15: the airport to spend Christmas with your family, or maybe

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Speaker 15: to attend the friend's wedding in another state, and a

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Speaker 15: tsagent tells you, oh, well, your driver's license is from

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Speaker 15: New York, so you're not allowed to fly. This was

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Speaker 15: really what forced all fifty states to start complying with

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Speaker 15: real id legislation, but it was hard and expensive. Although

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Speaker 15: there was a lot of pushback from states who not

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Speaker 15: want the federal government to shape their laws, changes were eminent,

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Speaker 15: and back home something else was happening.

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Speaker 4: At the same time.

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Speaker 13: There were tons of police cars, like thirty or forty

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Speaker 13: police cars in a very in the street, and then

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00:29:19,880 --> 00:29:24,200
Speaker 13: big buses picking up people from their cars and taking

442
00:29:24,240 --> 00:29:26,840
Speaker 13: them into the bus to take them to the prison.

443
00:29:28,440 --> 00:29:31,160
Speaker 13: And that was just because it didn't have a driver's license.

444
00:29:31,440 --> 00:29:33,840
Speaker 15: In two thousand and nine, the year after my mom

445
00:29:33,880 --> 00:29:37,160
Speaker 15: began driving un licensed, there was a new boogeyman. It

446
00:29:37,240 --> 00:29:40,600
Speaker 15: was no longer just about dodging police cruisers that hit

447
00:29:40,640 --> 00:29:44,200
Speaker 15: behind bushes or staked out drivers at the bottom of hills.

448
00:29:44,560 --> 00:29:46,480
Speaker 15: It was the beginning of the roadblocks.

449
00:29:46,640 --> 00:29:47,920
Speaker 10: Remember the roadblocks.

450
00:29:48,120 --> 00:29:52,080
Speaker 13: Yes, all the time, all the time. That was crazy.

451
00:29:52,560 --> 00:29:55,680
Speaker 13: That time was so difficult. But the good thing that

452
00:29:55,760 --> 00:29:59,560
Speaker 13: I remember is that our people got organized. They we

453
00:30:00,200 --> 00:30:02,760
Speaker 13: to each other and we knew there was a road

454
00:30:02,760 --> 00:30:05,360
Speaker 13: block over that area. So I called to my husband

455
00:30:05,440 --> 00:30:07,440
Speaker 13: and say, Hey, don't go to that street because there

456
00:30:07,520 --> 00:30:08,280
Speaker 13: is a road block.

457
00:30:08,720 --> 00:30:11,880
Speaker 15: Two eighty seven G was a new program, a collaboration

458
00:30:12,040 --> 00:30:16,120
Speaker 15: between local police department and ICE. Anyone who was arrested

459
00:30:16,160 --> 00:30:18,880
Speaker 15: and booked into a local jail that participated in the

460
00:30:18,920 --> 00:30:22,760
Speaker 15: program would have their legal status checked immediately. If they

461
00:30:22,760 --> 00:30:26,160
Speaker 15: were undocumented, they would be referred to ICE, and if

462
00:30:26,200 --> 00:30:28,920
Speaker 15: ICE confirmed they were not here legally, they could be

463
00:30:28,960 --> 00:30:34,400
Speaker 15: put into deportation proceedings. In Winnett County, where I grew up,

464
00:30:34,560 --> 00:30:37,959
Speaker 15: the local sheriff joined to eighty seven G it effectively

465
00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:41,560
Speaker 15: granted his deputies the power of ICE agents. The county

466
00:30:41,640 --> 00:30:44,160
Speaker 15: jail could detain immigrants on federal retainers.

467
00:30:44,360 --> 00:30:47,840
Speaker 19: A message that's being sent loud and clear in Gennette County.

468
00:30:47,920 --> 00:30:50,280
Speaker 19: If you are in the country illegally and you commit

469
00:30:50,360 --> 00:30:53,480
Speaker 19: a crime, you could be deported. The program called two

470
00:30:53,480 --> 00:30:56,480
Speaker 19: eighty seven G was just approved, and it has people

471
00:30:56,520 --> 00:30:59,960
Speaker 19: on both sides of the immigration debate sounding off.

472
00:31:00,120 --> 00:31:03,960
Speaker 15: Close was that partnership that the Winnette County Detention Center

473
00:31:04,040 --> 00:31:07,600
Speaker 15: allowed ICE agents to install an office in there. That

474
00:31:07,720 --> 00:31:11,440
Speaker 15: meant every second counted. When a loved one was arrested,

475
00:31:11,680 --> 00:31:15,160
Speaker 15: everyone mobilized. You had to get the money immediately, have

476
00:31:15,320 --> 00:31:17,440
Speaker 15: someone with a legal idea on call who could show

477
00:31:17,520 --> 00:31:19,640
Speaker 15: up at the jail and bond the person out as

478
00:31:19,720 --> 00:31:23,440
Speaker 15: quickly as possible. If you took too long, maybe because

479
00:31:23,440 --> 00:31:26,400
Speaker 15: you didn't have thousands of dollars at your disposal, it

480
00:31:26,440 --> 00:31:29,760
Speaker 15: could be too late. A traffic infraction like driving on

481
00:31:29,800 --> 00:31:32,480
Speaker 15: an expired license, could and often.

482
00:31:32,240 --> 00:31:34,320
Speaker 4: Did get undocumented people reported.

483
00:31:35,160 --> 00:31:37,760
Speaker 15: In fact, while ICE holds and when it peaked in

484
00:31:37,800 --> 00:31:42,120
Speaker 15: twenty twelve, a Mother Jones investigation found that still between

485
00:31:42,160 --> 00:31:47,000
Speaker 15: twenty seventeen and July twenty nineteen, The primary charge for

486
00:31:47,080 --> 00:31:49,280
Speaker 15: nearly half of the people held for ICE at the

487
00:31:49,320 --> 00:31:52,520
Speaker 15: Winnett County Jail was for driving without a license or

488
00:31:52,560 --> 00:31:54,520
Speaker 15: another minor traffic violation.

489
00:31:54,920 --> 00:31:57,920
Speaker 13: Oh, it's much scary because we feel that it was

490
00:31:58,040 --> 00:32:04,320
Speaker 13: a never ending, never ending. It was anytime close to

491
00:32:04,560 --> 00:32:07,200
Speaker 13: where you were going to sleep, and then you received

492
00:32:07,200 --> 00:32:10,400
Speaker 13: the message saying there is a blockage in such or

493
00:32:10,600 --> 00:32:14,840
Speaker 13: that street. And I remember we just went to work,

494
00:32:15,720 --> 00:32:19,640
Speaker 13: and we didn't go to the store unless you really

495
00:32:19,760 --> 00:32:23,600
Speaker 13: need it, because the most what you wanted to get

496
00:32:24,200 --> 00:32:26,520
Speaker 13: is just get home, get home.

497
00:32:27,240 --> 00:32:30,880
Speaker 15: It was so prevalent that eventually everyone in my household

498
00:32:30,880 --> 00:32:33,520
Speaker 15: had been both at when I County Jail at least once.

499
00:32:34,000 --> 00:32:36,440
Speaker 15: I remember the first time you ever got pulled over,

500
00:32:36,880 --> 00:32:37,760
Speaker 15: and I remember I.

501
00:32:37,680 --> 00:32:41,960
Speaker 13: Cried, no, no, that was awful. That was an awful day.

502
00:32:42,640 --> 00:32:45,320
Speaker 13: That day was a morning that I went. I used

503
00:32:45,360 --> 00:32:49,240
Speaker 13: to go to one client that I cleaned her house,

504
00:32:49,320 --> 00:32:52,280
Speaker 13: but she was always asking me to iron for her.

505
00:32:52,720 --> 00:32:55,080
Speaker 13: And I remember I was passing next to the lake

506
00:32:55,120 --> 00:32:57,320
Speaker 13: and I was looking at the lake, and I said,

507
00:32:57,440 --> 00:33:00,160
Speaker 13: what such a beautiful morning. And when I looked, I

508
00:33:00,160 --> 00:33:03,800
Speaker 13: saw police stopping me because I was a really speeding

509
00:33:03,880 --> 00:33:06,760
Speaker 13: I didn't realize it was twenty five that area and

510
00:33:06,800 --> 00:33:09,640
Speaker 13: it was thirty. They told me, well, I'm sorry, ma'am.

511
00:33:09,760 --> 00:33:13,960
Speaker 13: Put your hands behind and I felt so bad at

512
00:33:13,960 --> 00:33:14,560
Speaker 13: that moment.

513
00:33:15,880 --> 00:33:18,360
Speaker 15: We were lucky though all of us were out in time,

514
00:33:18,640 --> 00:33:21,040
Speaker 15: but not everyone in our community could say that.

515
00:33:24,800 --> 00:33:28,120
Speaker 12: Just last month, human rights groups came together to urge

516
00:33:28,200 --> 00:33:30,480
Speaker 12: Georgia counties to end the program.

517
00:33:30,720 --> 00:33:35,520
Speaker 1: Two eighty seven G serves as deportation pipeline where thousands

518
00:33:35,560 --> 00:33:40,080
Speaker 1: of immigrants and refugees are being deported, breaking families apart, and.

519
00:33:40,080 --> 00:33:44,240
Speaker 12: The opponents of twenty seven gcay the agreement causes mistrust

520
00:33:44,440 --> 00:33:47,000
Speaker 12: between the community and local law enforcement.

521
00:33:47,320 --> 00:33:50,840
Speaker 15: Real ID, which began as a way to tighten IDEA laws,

522
00:33:50,960 --> 00:33:54,560
Speaker 15: once coupled with other policies, actually opened the path for

523
00:33:54,640 --> 00:33:59,120
Speaker 15: increased immigration enforcement and deportations in many places.

524
00:33:59,440 --> 00:34:01,440
Speaker 4: It turned peace people into criminals.

525
00:34:01,960 --> 00:34:06,040
Speaker 15: Moms, dads deals. Now they all had records, their names

526
00:34:06,080 --> 00:34:08,439
Speaker 15: were in the system, they'd all been in a cell.

527
00:34:11,280 --> 00:34:14,400
Speaker 15: Any brush with the government was dangerous. I mean, that

528
00:34:14,560 --> 00:34:16,480
Speaker 15: was the first thing I learned when we came to

529
00:34:16,520 --> 00:34:20,959
Speaker 15: the US. Laylo, don't call attention to yourself. But real

530
00:34:21,000 --> 00:34:24,600
Speaker 15: ID pushed into the light. Many undocumented people who otherwise

531
00:34:24,640 --> 00:34:28,239
Speaker 15: would have never had contact with police or DHS. It

532
00:34:28,360 --> 00:34:32,160
Speaker 15: stopped people from applying for jobs, going to school, accessing

533
00:34:32,239 --> 00:34:36,520
Speaker 15: needed resources, you name it. Something as innocuous as calling

534
00:34:36,520 --> 00:34:40,080
Speaker 15: the police because you witnessed the crime became scary. Any

535
00:34:40,120 --> 00:34:45,440
Speaker 15: contact with police could change your life. It made everyone unsafe.

536
00:34:45,600 --> 00:34:49,600
Speaker 15: Nearly a decade after September eleventh, the counseling of driver's

537
00:34:49,680 --> 00:34:53,000
Speaker 15: licenses and the decision of local police departments across the

538
00:34:53,040 --> 00:34:56,319
Speaker 15: country to participate in two eighty seven g cost a

539
00:34:56,360 --> 00:34:59,640
Speaker 15: perfect storm. In communities like mine, people who lost their

540
00:34:59,640 --> 00:35:02,080
Speaker 15: ability to work were at the same time faced with

541
00:35:02,120 --> 00:35:05,880
Speaker 15: a number of growing raids and roadblocks. Often on the

542
00:35:05,920 --> 00:35:09,360
Speaker 15: way home from work, we would get phone calls. Police

543
00:35:09,400 --> 00:35:12,799
Speaker 15: said it was all about public safety, but everyone knew

544
00:35:12,840 --> 00:35:15,279
Speaker 15: they were out looking for us. It became like a

545
00:35:15,320 --> 00:35:23,880
Speaker 15: game of chicken with really high steaks. That anxiety, in

546
00:35:23,920 --> 00:35:27,719
Speaker 15: many ways became a baseline. It's just how things were.

547
00:35:28,520 --> 00:35:30,320
Speaker 15: The fear never really goes away.

548
00:35:30,800 --> 00:35:32,319
Speaker 4: It just dolls.

549
00:35:32,880 --> 00:35:35,879
Speaker 13: See, you get choose to the situation, you feel that

550
00:35:35,960 --> 00:35:42,279
Speaker 13: everything is normal and until something bad happens, and then

551
00:35:42,320 --> 00:35:44,360
Speaker 13: it's when it comes the end of the world for

552
00:35:44,719 --> 00:35:45,320
Speaker 13: the family.

553
00:35:45,760 --> 00:35:49,160
Speaker 15: My older brother, after a number of arrests, unexhausted from

554
00:35:49,200 --> 00:35:52,120
Speaker 15: the constant risk, decided to go back to Argentina in

555
00:35:52,160 --> 00:35:55,560
Speaker 15: twenty fourteen. My mom, who had experienced the pain of

556
00:35:55,600 --> 00:35:58,520
Speaker 15: being away from her parents for over a decade, now

557
00:35:58,560 --> 00:36:01,040
Speaker 15: had to learn to be away from her son and

558
00:36:01,120 --> 00:36:04,600
Speaker 15: her only grandkids. My brother couldn't return to the US,

559
00:36:04,840 --> 00:36:07,960
Speaker 15: my mom couldn't go to Argentina. It was yet another

560
00:36:08,000 --> 00:36:14,360
Speaker 15: separation in our family. If nine to eleven was an

561
00:36:14,400 --> 00:36:18,320
Speaker 15: atomic bomb that caused so much pain and destruction on impact,

562
00:36:18,800 --> 00:36:22,600
Speaker 15: what came after was the radiation that infested but couldn't

563
00:36:22,600 --> 00:36:27,600
Speaker 15: be seen, the deadly repercussions that hit the unseen, the law,

564
00:36:27,920 --> 00:36:31,480
Speaker 15: the persecution, the laws. There was no way to know

565
00:36:31,600 --> 00:36:34,719
Speaker 15: when it would end, if it would end. Each day

566
00:36:34,880 --> 00:36:38,319
Speaker 15: the waves kept coming, and most of us just try

567
00:36:38,320 --> 00:36:43,960
Speaker 15: to stay afloat when it has two claims to fame.

568
00:36:44,120 --> 00:36:46,120
Speaker 15: I always tell people that when they ask me where

569
00:36:46,160 --> 00:36:51,319
Speaker 15: I'm from, it's where the migos are from. And for

570
00:36:51,480 --> 00:36:54,080
Speaker 15: years it was the county with the most two eighty

571
00:36:54,120 --> 00:36:59,360
Speaker 15: seven g iceholds in the nation. It's been sixteen years

572
00:36:59,520 --> 00:37:02,920
Speaker 15: and the national implementation of real ID has repeatedly been

573
00:37:02,920 --> 00:37:05,960
Speaker 15: delayed the last time in twenty twenty due to the

574
00:37:05,960 --> 00:37:09,200
Speaker 15: COVID nineteen pandemic, but it is said to finally go

575
00:37:09,280 --> 00:37:13,200
Speaker 15: into effect in twenty twenty three. If you've flown recently,

576
00:37:13,239 --> 00:37:16,960
Speaker 15: you've seen the signs. They're everywhere at the airport. At

577
00:37:16,960 --> 00:37:20,359
Speaker 15: the same time, more states than ever now allow undocumented

578
00:37:20,400 --> 00:37:24,200
Speaker 15: residents to apply for driver's licenses. The number is now

579
00:37:24,239 --> 00:37:29,000
Speaker 15: at sixteen That includes California, New York, Colorado, and most

580
00:37:29,040 --> 00:37:32,720
Speaker 15: recently Virginia. These states have found a way to comply

581
00:37:32,800 --> 00:37:36,080
Speaker 15: with real ID by granting documents that cannot be used

582
00:37:36,080 --> 00:37:40,399
Speaker 15: for federal ID purposes. Meaning once real ID finally goes

583
00:37:40,440 --> 00:37:43,719
Speaker 15: into effect, undocumented people will not be able to use

584
00:37:43,760 --> 00:37:47,360
Speaker 15: their identification to do things like travel by plane, but

585
00:37:47,440 --> 00:37:50,160
Speaker 15: they will still be able to drive safely in their state.

586
00:37:51,160 --> 00:37:56,400
Speaker 15: Whether these changes this legislation this persecution was ever needed,

587
00:37:56,960 --> 00:38:01,120
Speaker 15: Whether it aided safety is up for debate. Two decades later,

588
00:38:01,320 --> 00:38:04,080
Speaker 15: states are still learning that it's better for public safety

589
00:38:04,160 --> 00:38:10,719
Speaker 15: to allow undocumented people to drive legally. In other places,

590
00:38:11,040 --> 00:38:12,640
Speaker 15: things move a little slower.

591
00:38:13,400 --> 00:38:16,759
Speaker 20: Hundreds of people from all walks of life, including young children,

592
00:38:16,800 --> 00:38:20,000
Speaker 20: came out to downtown Atlanta to protest and denounce what

593
00:38:20,040 --> 00:38:23,279
Speaker 20: they're calling were raids on the immigrant community over the

594
00:38:23,360 --> 00:38:24,200
Speaker 20: last few weeks.

595
00:38:24,239 --> 00:38:28,080
Speaker 15: Georgia still does not grant licenses to people without legal status.

596
00:38:28,560 --> 00:38:30,719
Speaker 15: Driving without a permit in the state can land you

597
00:38:30,800 --> 00:38:34,000
Speaker 15: in jail for up to a year. In twenty twenty,

598
00:38:34,120 --> 00:38:37,280
Speaker 15: Sheriff Butch Conway decided not to run for re election

599
00:38:37,600 --> 00:38:40,800
Speaker 15: after nearly two decades at the helm of the Winnett

600
00:38:40,840 --> 00:38:44,799
Speaker 15: County Sheriff's office. Sheriff Conway's protege was defeated by an

601
00:38:44,800 --> 00:38:47,399
Speaker 15: opponent who ran on an anti two to eighty seven

602
00:38:47,480 --> 00:38:51,359
Speaker 15: GET platform. That same year, Whenett ranked fourth in the

603
00:38:51,520 --> 00:38:55,640
Speaker 15: entire country for the number of ICE detainer requests. On

604
00:38:55,760 --> 00:39:00,000
Speaker 15: January first, twenty twenty one, newly elected Sheriff Cable Time

605
00:39:00,080 --> 00:39:03,680
Speaker 15: Taylor ended when it's two eighty seven get contract with ICE.

606
00:39:03,920 --> 00:39:07,520
Speaker 15: After more than a decade back in my home, we

607
00:39:07,560 --> 00:39:11,360
Speaker 15: don't worry about that little plastic rectangle a driver's license

608
00:39:11,440 --> 00:39:14,560
Speaker 15: that so affected our life at one point, at least

609
00:39:14,680 --> 00:39:17,920
Speaker 15: not as much anymore. In twenty seventeen, I became a

610
00:39:18,040 --> 00:39:20,719
Speaker 15: US citizen, and the following year I was able to

611
00:39:20,719 --> 00:39:30,680
Speaker 15: petition for my mom. We drive in peace now, but

612
00:39:30,760 --> 00:39:34,560
Speaker 15: the repercussions in our family are permanent. My brother's gone,

613
00:39:35,000 --> 00:39:38,399
Speaker 15: my stepfather is at risk. At any time, the phone

614
00:39:38,440 --> 00:39:40,560
Speaker 15: could ring and we'll need to be ready to rush

615
00:39:40,560 --> 00:39:43,240
Speaker 15: to the local jail to help a relative or a friend.

616
00:39:43,840 --> 00:39:48,040
Speaker 15: People can and are still persecuted for their legal status,

617
00:39:48,440 --> 00:39:51,440
Speaker 15: and often it still starts with a driver's license.

618
00:39:51,960 --> 00:39:58,480
Speaker 13: But I think that that make us more humans, is

619
00:39:58,640 --> 00:40:03,319
Speaker 13: like you become more empathetic to the situations of the

620
00:40:03,400 --> 00:40:08,000
Speaker 13: people around you. If you see a neighbor or a

621
00:40:08,120 --> 00:40:13,480
Speaker 13: friend that you know doesn't have a driver's license, you

622
00:40:13,600 --> 00:40:16,480
Speaker 13: always tell them call me if you need a drive.

623
00:40:16,960 --> 00:40:20,520
Speaker 13: Because now I am on the other side, and I

624
00:40:20,600 --> 00:40:24,560
Speaker 13: remember when you first started. I remember you also running

625
00:40:24,600 --> 00:40:27,920
Speaker 13: behind your friends because with your friend went to prison

626
00:40:27,960 --> 00:40:33,000
Speaker 13: and ada you went to take them out, and the

627
00:40:33,080 --> 00:40:34,880
Speaker 13: same thing happened to us.

628
00:40:36,960 --> 00:40:40,040
Speaker 15: That's what happens in our community. The system that could

629
00:40:40,040 --> 00:40:42,920
Speaker 15: append the lives of our loved ones never rest, and

630
00:40:42,960 --> 00:40:45,560
Speaker 15: that means neither do the rest of us.

631
00:40:51,040 --> 00:40:54,799
Speaker 1: Coming up on Latino USA, the immigration bill interrupted by

632
00:40:54,840 --> 00:40:59,320
Speaker 1: September eleventh, Two decades later, thousands of undocumented immigrants and

633
00:40:59,360 --> 00:41:02,560
Speaker 1: advocates can continue to fight to keep it alive. That's

634
00:41:02,600 --> 00:41:49,799
Speaker 1: after the break, stay with us, Yes, Hey, we're back.

635
00:41:50,719 --> 00:41:54,680
Speaker 1: The attacks on September eleventh brought a promising immigration bill

636
00:41:54,760 --> 00:41:57,800
Speaker 1: that was making its way through Congress to a total

637
00:41:57,920 --> 00:42:01,960
Speaker 1: and sudden halt. Its failure to pass in two thousand

638
00:42:02,000 --> 00:42:05,400
Speaker 1: and one would then define the next twenty years of

639
00:42:05,440 --> 00:42:09,200
Speaker 1: immigration activism for many in the country. Our producer of

640
00:42:09,320 --> 00:42:12,120
Speaker 1: Victoria Estrada is going to look at that story and

641
00:42:12,160 --> 00:42:12,919
Speaker 1: takes it from here.

642
00:42:14,000 --> 00:42:16,440
Speaker 21: In the summer of two thousand and one, Daniel Sweata

643
00:42:16,480 --> 00:42:19,120
Speaker 21: had just graduated from high school. She wanted to go

644
00:42:19,160 --> 00:42:24,320
Speaker 21: to college, but there was one problem. Dania was undocumented.

645
00:42:25,000 --> 00:42:28,400
Speaker 10: My counselor had basically told me that if I didn't

646
00:42:28,440 --> 00:42:31,680
Speaker 10: have a lot of money saved up that and I

647
00:42:31,760 --> 00:42:36,600
Speaker 10: didn't have residency or citizenship or like an international student permit,

648
00:42:36,719 --> 00:42:39,120
Speaker 10: my only option was to go to Mexico.

649
00:42:39,719 --> 00:42:42,480
Speaker 21: When Dania was ten years old, she and her family

650
00:42:42,640 --> 00:42:45,680
Speaker 21: entered the US with tourist visus, but stayed and made

651
00:42:45,719 --> 00:42:48,319
Speaker 21: a life in Chicago. Dania had good grades in high

652
00:42:48,360 --> 00:42:52,080
Speaker 21: school was captain of the swim team, but her academic

653
00:42:52,160 --> 00:42:55,880
Speaker 21: and sports skills would be of little help. Undocumented, she

654
00:42:56,000 --> 00:42:59,239
Speaker 21: not only didn't have access to most grants, her scholarships

655
00:42:59,239 --> 00:43:01,919
Speaker 21: to help pay for college. She was required to pay

656
00:43:02,040 --> 00:43:04,040
Speaker 21: out of state prohibited rates.

657
00:43:04,400 --> 00:43:08,080
Speaker 10: And so I actually ended up applying as an international

658
00:43:08,120 --> 00:43:12,080
Speaker 10: student to as several colleges, which then did require me

659
00:43:12,760 --> 00:43:15,480
Speaker 10: to travel abroad, go to Mexico, apply in the US

660
00:43:15,520 --> 00:43:17,160
Speaker 10: Embassy as an international student.

661
00:43:17,960 --> 00:43:20,920
Speaker 21: But her student visa was denied and Daniel was suddenly

662
00:43:20,960 --> 00:43:25,120
Speaker 21: trapped outside the United States. Her family immediately started to

663
00:43:25,239 --> 00:43:28,640
Speaker 21: organize to bring her back. They held rallies, friends wrote

664
00:43:28,719 --> 00:43:31,240
Speaker 21: letters of support on her behalf, and they even reached

665
00:43:31,280 --> 00:43:35,400
Speaker 21: out to Illinois Senator Dick Durbin. At the time, Durbin

666
00:43:35,520 --> 00:43:38,480
Speaker 21: and Orange Hatch from Utah were drafting a piece of

667
00:43:38,600 --> 00:43:42,000
Speaker 21: legislation that could help other students in similar situations.

668
00:43:42,200 --> 00:43:46,040
Speaker 10: Yeah, it was this idea that undocumented students who had

669
00:43:46,080 --> 00:43:48,600
Speaker 10: graduated in the US didn't really have a path forward.

670
00:43:50,480 --> 00:43:53,040
Speaker 21: The bill had a very narrow scope. It would grant

671
00:43:53,160 --> 00:43:57,080
Speaker 21: legal residency to undocumented high school graduates who had entered

672
00:43:57,080 --> 00:43:59,960
Speaker 21: the US as children. It just had a few required

673
00:44:00,000 --> 00:44:03,239
Speaker 21: Applicants needed to have been in the country for at

674
00:44:03,320 --> 00:44:06,480
Speaker 21: least five years, have no criminal record that might make

675
00:44:06,520 --> 00:44:11,080
Speaker 21: them inadmissible or deportable, and be a quote person of

676
00:44:11,160 --> 00:44:17,280
Speaker 21: good moral character. The Development Relief and Education for Alien Minors,

677
00:44:17,520 --> 00:44:21,360
Speaker 21: or DREAM Act, was considered to have wide bipartisan support,

678
00:44:22,000 --> 00:44:24,480
Speaker 21: since the senators who sponsored it were both one of

679
00:44:24,520 --> 00:44:27,040
Speaker 21: the most conservative and one of the most liberal in

680
00:44:27,080 --> 00:44:33,239
Speaker 21: the Senate. Reports at the time said that there were

681
00:44:33,320 --> 00:44:37,520
Speaker 21: anywhere from fifty thousand to seventy five thousand children graduating

682
00:44:37,520 --> 00:44:41,600
Speaker 21: from high school every year with no legal status. That

683
00:44:41,760 --> 00:44:45,240
Speaker 21: meant up to seventy five thousand students for whom higher

684
00:44:45,320 --> 00:44:47,200
Speaker 21: education was virtually denied.

685
00:44:47,680 --> 00:44:49,799
Speaker 10: That was the first time that I saw that statistic

686
00:44:49,880 --> 00:44:53,040
Speaker 10: next to my name and sort of understood that there

687
00:44:53,080 --> 00:44:56,320
Speaker 10: was a bigger problem than just me and my family

688
00:44:56,320 --> 00:44:57,440
Speaker 10: who was scared right.

689
00:44:57,560 --> 00:45:00,279
Speaker 21: More recent reports showed that the number of undocumented high

690
00:45:00,280 --> 00:45:03,919
Speaker 21: school graduates today is closer to one hundred thousand a year.

691
00:45:05,040 --> 00:45:08,120
Speaker 21: With the direct help of Senator Durbin, Danya was able

692
00:45:08,160 --> 00:45:11,000
Speaker 21: to get a humanitarian visa and return to the States.

693
00:45:11,320 --> 00:45:13,840
Speaker 21: Then the senator's office asked her to be part of

694
00:45:13,840 --> 00:45:17,360
Speaker 21: the campaign to support the one legislation that could completely

695
00:45:17,440 --> 00:45:21,200
Speaker 21: change her life. By that point, Dania had come out

696
00:45:21,320 --> 00:45:25,520
Speaker 21: publicly about her undocumented status, so she spoke about her

697
00:45:25,560 --> 00:45:28,080
Speaker 21: personal story but also part of.

698
00:45:28,040 --> 00:45:31,040
Speaker 10: My speech was saying, like there must be something wrong

699
00:45:31,200 --> 00:45:34,879
Speaker 10: if sixty thousand and undocumented students graduate every year and

700
00:45:34,920 --> 00:45:36,719
Speaker 10: like don't have a chance to go to school. Like

701
00:45:36,800 --> 00:45:39,920
Speaker 10: it wasn't about even me anymore. It was like if

702
00:45:39,920 --> 00:45:43,959
Speaker 10: it's me and sixty thousand other people, like something else

703
00:45:44,120 --> 00:45:47,319
Speaker 10: is going on that we're not resolving.

704
00:45:47,719 --> 00:45:50,360
Speaker 21: So when they asked her to, Dania didn't hesitate to

705
00:45:50,400 --> 00:45:52,720
Speaker 21: testify before the Senate a few weeks later.

706
00:45:53,239 --> 00:45:55,279
Speaker 10: I think they saw it as a good example of

707
00:45:55,600 --> 00:45:58,759
Speaker 10: you know, someone who like fit the narrative, you know,

708
00:45:58,840 --> 00:46:01,960
Speaker 10: had good grades as president of the swim team, had

709
00:46:02,120 --> 00:46:04,240
Speaker 10: had to go to Mexico to figure out this out,

710
00:46:04,360 --> 00:46:06,960
Speaker 10: and like was actually still trying to figure out where

711
00:46:06,960 --> 00:46:07,920
Speaker 10: to go to school.

712
00:46:08,280 --> 00:46:12,439
Speaker 21: Ter Sally, another undocumented high school graduate from Chicago who

713
00:46:12,440 --> 00:46:16,600
Speaker 21: had originally inspired the Dream Act, was also set to testify.

714
00:46:17,520 --> 00:46:21,400
Speaker 21: The hearing was scheduled for September twelfth, two thousand and one.

715
00:46:21,800 --> 00:46:24,320
Speaker 21: Daniel was supposed to fly to DC the day before.

716
00:46:25,440 --> 00:46:31,440
Speaker 21: Spirits were high.

717
00:46:29,120 --> 00:46:33,759
Speaker 10: On September eleventh. I remember I was supposed to be

718
00:46:33,840 --> 00:46:39,600
Speaker 10: out O'Hare in like the early afternoon. I remember Cladisol

719
00:46:40,560 --> 00:46:43,719
Speaker 10: from Senator Durbin staff had checked in with me she

720
00:46:43,920 --> 00:46:45,640
Speaker 10: was the person that I was going to meet at

721
00:46:45,640 --> 00:46:50,680
Speaker 10: the airport. And I woke up because my grandmother, who

722
00:46:50,760 --> 00:46:53,680
Speaker 10: was at home with me, said that I had a

723
00:46:53,719 --> 00:46:56,959
Speaker 10: call from Cladisol And so she's the one who told

724
00:46:57,000 --> 00:46:59,520
Speaker 10: me that she was at the airport at the moment

725
00:47:00,320 --> 00:47:04,480
Speaker 10: that there was something going on, and that she actually

726
00:47:04,520 --> 00:47:08,160
Speaker 10: didn't think that we were going to be able to

727
00:47:08,200 --> 00:47:13,320
Speaker 10: travel to DC, and that most likely the congressional hearing

728
00:47:13,560 --> 00:47:17,200
Speaker 10: was going to be postponed. And that's when I like

729
00:47:17,320 --> 00:47:20,160
Speaker 10: literally like woke up and turned on the TV and

730
00:47:20,600 --> 00:47:24,600
Speaker 10: started seeing the images of the first plane.

731
00:47:25,400 --> 00:47:27,120
Speaker 3: It's say fifty two here in New York.

732
00:47:27,200 --> 00:47:29,520
Speaker 6: We understand that there has been a plane crash on

733
00:47:29,560 --> 00:47:31,200
Speaker 6: the southern tip of Manhattan.

734
00:47:31,200 --> 00:47:33,200
Speaker 3: You're looking at the World Trade.

735
00:47:33,120 --> 00:47:38,239
Speaker 10: I just stayed at home and watched the news. I

736
00:47:38,840 --> 00:47:40,960
Speaker 10: you know, like everyone, I didn't know what was happening.

737
00:47:41,520 --> 00:47:45,600
Speaker 10: I remember like all the planes were grounded, and I

738
00:47:45,640 --> 00:47:48,360
Speaker 10: remember paying attention to that because I still had a

739
00:47:48,440 --> 00:47:50,160
Speaker 10: little bit of hope that I was going to travel

740
00:47:50,200 --> 00:47:52,200
Speaker 10: to DC. So we were just waiting to see when

741
00:47:52,280 --> 00:47:54,680
Speaker 10: the planes would be like unngrounded or like with that,

742
00:47:54,760 --> 00:47:57,399
Speaker 10: when that would be lifted. So there was that sense

743
00:47:57,440 --> 00:48:00,000
Speaker 10: of like postponement, that we're just like waiting for things

744
00:48:00,200 --> 00:48:01,280
Speaker 10: to get back to normal.

745
00:48:04,680 --> 00:48:08,799
Speaker 21: Dania would later realize that, after all, the hearing wasn't

746
00:48:08,840 --> 00:48:12,880
Speaker 21: going to happen that week or that year. Her flight

747
00:48:13,000 --> 00:48:16,560
Speaker 21: was never rescheduled, nor her testimony in support of the

748
00:48:16,640 --> 00:48:20,759
Speaker 21: Dream Act. While the Dream Act kept coming back in

749
00:48:20,800 --> 00:48:24,279
Speaker 21: the next years, the country had forever changed, and so

750
00:48:24,360 --> 00:48:27,719
Speaker 21: had the debate around the bill. When it was reintroduced

751
00:48:27,760 --> 00:48:31,759
Speaker 21: in two thousand and three, it had new requirements applicants

752
00:48:31,800 --> 00:48:35,360
Speaker 21: had to have entered the US before their sixteenth birthday.

753
00:48:35,600 --> 00:48:37,600
Speaker 21: There was no vote on the bill that year either,

754
00:48:37,880 --> 00:48:41,600
Speaker 21: and in the next legislature it was changed again, this

755
00:48:41,719 --> 00:48:45,640
Speaker 21: time to adjust the status of the potential beneficiaries from

756
00:48:46,000 --> 00:48:51,680
Speaker 21: permanent residents to conditional permanent residents. The new version of

757
00:48:51,719 --> 00:48:54,360
Speaker 21: the bill didn't make it to a vote on the floor.

758
00:48:55,480 --> 00:48:58,680
Speaker 21: In two thousand and seven, the Dream Act was introduced

759
00:48:58,920 --> 00:49:03,759
Speaker 21: yet again, this time with the added requirement that applicants

760
00:49:03,960 --> 00:49:08,760
Speaker 21: needed to be under thirty years old. Finally, a vote

761
00:49:09,000 --> 00:49:12,200
Speaker 21: was scheduled, but the Bush White House came out against

762
00:49:12,200 --> 00:49:16,400
Speaker 21: the bill, saying that it created loopholts that would legalize

763
00:49:16,520 --> 00:49:22,640
Speaker 21: undocumented immigrants convicted of multiple misdemeanors and even felonies. Instead,

764
00:49:22,840 --> 00:49:27,200
Speaker 21: the administration argued that what was needed was comprehensive immigration

765
00:49:27,360 --> 00:49:32,600
Speaker 21: reform that included strong border and interior enforcement. The bill

766
00:49:32,680 --> 00:49:36,319
Speaker 21: failed by less than ten votes. Detractors said they were

767
00:49:36,360 --> 00:49:39,440
Speaker 21: not going to consider any piece of legislation that quote

768
00:49:39,719 --> 00:49:46,560
Speaker 21: rewarded immigrant lawbreakers. Still, the immigration movement was garnering national momentum.

769
00:49:46,760 --> 00:49:49,280
Speaker 21: In two thousand and eight, when Barack Obama was running

770
00:49:49,320 --> 00:49:53,040
Speaker 21: for president, he identified immigration reform as a priority.

771
00:49:53,280 --> 00:49:56,160
Speaker 22: The American people need us to put an end to

772
00:49:56,280 --> 00:50:00,160
Speaker 22: the petty partisanship that passes for politics and wat and

773
00:50:00,200 --> 00:50:04,719
Speaker 22: they need us to enact comprehensive immigration reform once and

774
00:50:04,800 --> 00:50:06,280
Speaker 22: for all.

775
00:50:06,560 --> 00:50:09,120
Speaker 3: They need not. We can't wait twenty years for now

776
00:50:09,160 --> 00:50:09,520
Speaker 3: to do it.

777
00:50:09,760 --> 00:50:11,680
Speaker 22: We can't wait ten years for now to do it.

778
00:50:11,960 --> 00:50:13,920
Speaker 22: We need to do it by the end of my

779
00:50:14,120 --> 00:50:17,400
Speaker 22: first term as President of the United States of America.

780
00:50:18,120 --> 00:50:20,600
Speaker 21: As we know, Obama made it to the White House,

781
00:50:20,880 --> 00:50:22,320
Speaker 21: but no reforms followed.

782
00:50:23,120 --> 00:50:25,960
Speaker 10: And I think that's when I started getting really disappointed

783
00:50:26,040 --> 00:50:28,960
Speaker 10: and a little bit more jaded about the politics, because

784
00:50:29,640 --> 00:50:32,000
Speaker 10: you know, sort of expected it under Bush and under

785
00:50:32,040 --> 00:50:33,800
Speaker 10: a Republican, but not so much in their.

786
00:50:33,760 --> 00:50:38,320
Speaker 21: Democrat Daniel says she developed something she calls Obama trauma.

787
00:50:38,480 --> 00:50:40,239
Speaker 10: I remember just having a lot of hope that that

788
00:50:40,400 --> 00:50:43,400
Speaker 10: was going to impact my parents, in particular in my

789
00:50:43,480 --> 00:50:46,799
Speaker 10: own situation. Every time it was bad, like every time,

790
00:50:46,840 --> 00:50:49,600
Speaker 10: I remember just watching him and him being like, yes,

791
00:50:49,719 --> 00:50:52,799
Speaker 10: we need immigration reform, but first, you know, we need

792
00:50:52,800 --> 00:50:55,960
Speaker 10: the enforcement, and but first we need to do this,

793
00:50:56,120 --> 00:50:58,560
Speaker 10: And so I started getting really tired of it.

794
00:50:58,600 --> 00:51:02,120
Speaker 21: With no immigration reform or Dream Act available, Danya had

795
00:51:02,160 --> 00:51:05,359
Speaker 21: managed to enter the University of Illinois at Chicago only

796
00:51:05,400 --> 00:51:09,720
Speaker 21: with a private scholarship for her first year. And after that.

797
00:51:10,000 --> 00:51:12,640
Speaker 10: We had talked to some of the counselors who had,

798
00:51:12,840 --> 00:51:14,880
Speaker 10: you know, sort of told us how to click on

799
00:51:14,920 --> 00:51:18,160
Speaker 10: the right boxes so that you know, I wasn't claiming

800
00:51:18,160 --> 00:51:20,080
Speaker 10: that I was a citizen, but I also wouldn't be

801
00:51:20,200 --> 00:51:21,880
Speaker 10: charged as an international student.

802
00:51:22,480 --> 00:51:25,920
Speaker 21: She began working in a radio station and after graduating,

803
00:51:26,160 --> 00:51:29,760
Speaker 21: mentoring students as well. She continued to organize in favor

804
00:51:29,800 --> 00:51:32,840
Speaker 21: of immigrants, and in two thousand and nine something happened

805
00:51:32,840 --> 00:51:34,680
Speaker 21: that would push her activism further.

806
00:51:35,000 --> 00:51:37,760
Speaker 10: One of my students had gotten pulled over by mobile

807
00:51:37,840 --> 00:51:42,080
Speaker 10: Chicago police. They had turned them over to Immigration Enforcement

808
00:51:42,400 --> 00:51:46,319
Speaker 10: and was actually in deportation proceedings and showed me that

809
00:51:46,400 --> 00:51:48,239
Speaker 10: he was wearing an ankle monitor.

810
00:51:48,920 --> 00:51:53,600
Speaker 21: The student was Rigo Padilla. In a matter of weeks, Dania, Rigo,

811
00:51:53,760 --> 00:51:58,480
Speaker 21: and Ray Wenzis, another emerging activist, founded the Immigrant Youth

812
00:51:58,760 --> 00:52:03,239
Speaker 21: Justice League to fight Rigo's deportation. On March ten of

813
00:52:03,239 --> 00:52:06,680
Speaker 21: twenty ten, they organized the first coming out rally for

814
00:52:06,800 --> 00:52:10,520
Speaker 21: undocumented immigrants in Chicago. It was part of a much

815
00:52:10,640 --> 00:52:14,880
Speaker 21: larger movement that was spreading quickly. In January four students

816
00:52:14,880 --> 00:52:18,040
Speaker 21: that started the Trail of Dreams March, a fifteen hundred

817
00:52:18,080 --> 00:52:21,080
Speaker 21: mile four month walk to support the Dream Act.

818
00:52:21,239 --> 00:52:22,440
Speaker 3: We started back in Miami.

819
00:52:22,560 --> 00:52:26,680
Speaker 22: We're going all the way to Washington, DC to demand

820
00:52:26,719 --> 00:52:29,160
Speaker 22: for President Obama to stop the separation.

821
00:52:28,760 --> 00:52:32,200
Speaker 4: Of families and stop the deportation of young students.

822
00:52:32,360 --> 00:52:35,840
Speaker 21: And on May seventeenths Ago protesters throwing things up in

823
00:52:35,880 --> 00:52:38,480
Speaker 21: downtown Tisson at this hour, this is a live picture

824
00:52:38,920 --> 00:52:42,439
Speaker 21: just outside Senator John McCain's office. Dania and four other

825
00:52:42,600 --> 00:52:46,600
Speaker 21: undocumented youths held a sit in at the Tucson offices

826
00:52:46,719 --> 00:52:50,239
Speaker 21: its Senator John McCain, urging him to support the Dream Act.

827
00:52:50,600 --> 00:52:54,240
Speaker 23: I saw this photo going around where five one documented

828
00:52:54,280 --> 00:52:57,719
Speaker 23: students had done a sit in at McCain's office.

829
00:52:58,120 --> 00:52:59,680
Speaker 21: This is Julio Salgado.

830
00:53:00,080 --> 00:53:01,640
Speaker 3: I am an artist.

831
00:53:02,120 --> 00:53:05,720
Speaker 23: I'm an artist who happens to be undocumented and queer.

832
00:53:05,880 --> 00:53:07,960
Speaker 21: He was shocked when he saw what Dania and the

833
00:53:08,000 --> 00:53:09,200
Speaker 21: others were daring to do.

834
00:53:09,440 --> 00:53:12,520
Speaker 23: And I was like, oh my god, what are they doing.

835
00:53:12,719 --> 00:53:15,040
Speaker 23: They're going to get arrested, They're going to get deported.

836
00:53:16,640 --> 00:53:20,160
Speaker 21: A few years earlier, Julium, who's from California, had his

837
00:53:20,239 --> 00:53:24,319
Speaker 21: own start and advocacy creating a support group for undocumented

838
00:53:24,360 --> 00:53:25,480
Speaker 21: students in college.

839
00:53:25,600 --> 00:53:27,840
Speaker 23: I remember the you know when they have like a

840
00:53:27,880 --> 00:53:31,480
Speaker 23: welcoming week for students, and we set up our table

841
00:53:32,200 --> 00:53:35,400
Speaker 23: and we were very strategic and being like, okay, we

842
00:53:35,440 --> 00:53:37,600
Speaker 23: should put that we are a group for AB five

843
00:53:37,640 --> 00:53:40,319
Speaker 23: forty students, and other AB five forty students will know

844
00:53:40,680 --> 00:53:41,799
Speaker 23: what that means, right.

845
00:53:42,239 --> 00:53:45,040
Speaker 21: AB five forty was a state law that went into

846
00:53:45,080 --> 00:53:47,879
Speaker 21: effect about a month after nine to eleven and let

847
00:53:48,000 --> 00:53:52,960
Speaker 21: undocumented students pay in state tuition at California's public colleges

848
00:53:53,000 --> 00:53:56,960
Speaker 21: and universities. It was a progressive policy that allowed Julio

849
00:53:57,040 --> 00:54:00,960
Speaker 21: and many others to continue their education only students in

850
00:54:01,080 --> 00:54:04,520
Speaker 21: nine other states with similar laws had the privilege at

851
00:54:04,560 --> 00:54:07,400
Speaker 21: the time, but it was super secretive.

852
00:54:07,440 --> 00:54:10,840
Speaker 23: It wasn't there was no undocumented and unafraid, none of that.

853
00:54:11,120 --> 00:54:12,600
Speaker 23: It was like, you know, at that time, I was

854
00:54:12,680 --> 00:54:15,240
Speaker 23: I'm from a generation of undocumented and very.

855
00:54:15,080 --> 00:54:19,000
Speaker 21: Afraid Matanias and others' activism embold in him.

856
00:54:19,320 --> 00:54:21,920
Speaker 23: I was like, all right, well, I'm not an organizer,

857
00:54:22,760 --> 00:54:24,920
Speaker 23: you know, I don't do that, but I'm like, what

858
00:54:25,080 --> 00:54:28,960
Speaker 23: can I do to add to this movement?

859
00:54:29,040 --> 00:54:31,640
Speaker 3: Right? And so, you know, like I started making images.

860
00:54:32,320 --> 00:54:34,760
Speaker 21: One of the first images he produced was a figure

861
00:54:34,800 --> 00:54:37,759
Speaker 21: with a graduating cap and gown being taken away by

862
00:54:37,760 --> 00:54:41,160
Speaker 21: two police officers as she shouts I exist.

863
00:54:41,719 --> 00:54:46,680
Speaker 23: For me, it was very important to document those specific

864
00:54:46,960 --> 00:54:52,600
Speaker 23: interventions from undocumented immigrants because I felt that it was

865
00:54:52,640 --> 00:54:55,520
Speaker 23: a historic moment and I was like, we need to

866
00:54:55,520 --> 00:54:58,480
Speaker 23: make sure that this gets documented and it gets documented

867
00:54:58,520 --> 00:54:59,040
Speaker 23: by us.

868
00:55:00,239 --> 00:55:02,839
Speaker 21: For so long they had lived trying to go unnoticed.

869
00:55:03,320 --> 00:55:07,080
Speaker 21: But that was over. Other acts of civil disobedience followed.

870
00:55:07,600 --> 00:55:11,239
Speaker 21: Undocumented activists held sit ins in Washington, d C. And

871
00:55:11,320 --> 00:55:15,279
Speaker 21: hunger strikes in Los Angeles. On the sumber eighteenth of

872
00:55:15,280 --> 00:55:18,920
Speaker 21: twenty ten, the House of Representatives passed a new version

873
00:55:18,960 --> 00:55:22,040
Speaker 21: of the Dream Act. This time, the bill's requirement had

874
00:55:22,080 --> 00:55:26,000
Speaker 21: extended to include also a medical examination and the background check.

875
00:55:27,000 --> 00:55:30,040
Speaker 21: Just before the vote, Senator Lindsey Graham took to the

876
00:55:30,080 --> 00:55:31,920
Speaker 21: floor to say to those who had come to his

877
00:55:32,080 --> 00:55:34,680
Speaker 21: office to protest that they were wasting their time.

878
00:55:35,000 --> 00:55:38,280
Speaker 1: We're not going to pass the Dream Act or any

879
00:55:38,320 --> 00:55:42,480
Speaker 1: other legalization program until we secure our borders.

880
00:55:42,880 --> 00:55:47,240
Speaker 21: Thirty six Republicans and five Democrats voted against the bill,

881
00:55:47,600 --> 00:55:50,719
Speaker 21: with only fifty five votes in favor, it didn't have

882
00:55:50,760 --> 00:55:54,680
Speaker 21: a filibuster proof majority. After coming so close and seeing

883
00:55:54,719 --> 00:55:58,520
Speaker 21: it fell yet again, Dania felt depleted this point.

884
00:55:58,239 --> 00:56:01,400
Speaker 10: I feel like I was also kind of used to

885
00:56:01,560 --> 00:56:05,440
Speaker 10: things like this happening, Like Yeah, there was definitely like

886
00:56:06,040 --> 00:56:08,359
Speaker 10: a feeling of like, well, of course, like of course

887
00:56:08,400 --> 00:56:09,520
Speaker 10: it doesn't happen again.

888
00:56:11,040 --> 00:56:14,480
Speaker 21: The thing was the argument Republicans had used against the

889
00:56:14,560 --> 00:56:18,000
Speaker 21: Dream Act that no immigration bill could be passed until

890
00:56:18,040 --> 00:56:21,719
Speaker 21: borders were secure, had also been used by Democrats trying

891
00:56:21,719 --> 00:56:24,560
Speaker 21: to push for immigration reform. In the summer of two

892
00:56:24,600 --> 00:56:28,880
Speaker 21: thousand and nine, Democratic Senator Chuck Schumer outlined the framework

893
00:56:28,920 --> 00:56:32,560
Speaker 21: for immigration reform that included this principle.

894
00:56:32,239 --> 00:56:35,719
Speaker 14: Any immigration solution must recognize that we must do as

895
00:56:35,840 --> 00:56:39,000
Speaker 14: much as we can to gain control of our borders

896
00:56:39,000 --> 00:56:40,040
Speaker 14: as soon as possible.

897
00:56:41,480 --> 00:56:46,800
Speaker 21: Other points included a biometric based employment verification system and

898
00:56:46,920 --> 00:56:51,160
Speaker 21: having all undocumented immigrants in the country register and submit

899
00:56:51,239 --> 00:56:55,319
Speaker 21: to a quote rigorous process to earn their path to

900
00:56:55,360 --> 00:57:00,680
Speaker 21: citizenship or else phase deportation. Although Schumer did vote in

901
00:57:00,719 --> 00:57:04,000
Speaker 21: favor of the twenty ten Dream Act, the principles he

902
00:57:04,080 --> 00:57:07,400
Speaker 21: laid out for immigration reform just a year before had

903
00:57:07,440 --> 00:57:10,800
Speaker 21: the same basis as of those who objected to the bill,

904
00:57:10,920 --> 00:57:15,880
Speaker 21: that immigrants were guilty and to prove it innocent. After

905
00:57:16,000 --> 00:57:19,200
Speaker 21: that narrow loss, the bill would continue to go through

906
00:57:19,240 --> 00:57:24,840
Speaker 21: different versions, winning and losing support as politics changed. One

907
00:57:24,920 --> 00:57:27,600
Speaker 21: of its original sponsors in two thousand and one did

908
00:57:27,640 --> 00:57:30,360
Speaker 21: not vote for the Dream Act in twenty ten, and

909
00:57:30,560 --> 00:57:34,120
Speaker 21: Senator Lindsey Graham, who spoke against it in twenty ten,

910
00:57:34,400 --> 00:57:36,720
Speaker 21: would later become a co sponsor of the Dream Act.

911
00:57:37,000 --> 00:57:41,640
Speaker 23: At every single cycle of elections, we were becoming a

912
00:57:42,120 --> 00:57:46,640
Speaker 23: political game piece, right Like, I have my dreamer here,

913
00:57:46,720 --> 00:57:48,400
Speaker 23: who's going to share their story?

914
00:57:48,800 --> 00:57:51,960
Speaker 3: And you start You're like, I don't believe you anymore.

915
00:57:53,720 --> 00:57:56,240
Speaker 21: In the summer of twenty twelve, the last year of

916
00:57:56,280 --> 00:58:00,880
Speaker 21: his first term and seeking reelection, President Obama made an

917
00:58:00,880 --> 00:58:02,600
Speaker 21: announcement this morning.

918
00:58:02,640 --> 00:58:07,560
Speaker 8: Secretary Napoloitano announced new actions my administration will take to

919
00:58:07,720 --> 00:58:12,240
Speaker 8: mend our nation's immigration policy to make it more fair,

920
00:58:12,960 --> 00:58:17,720
Speaker 8: more efficient, and more just, specifically for certain young people

921
00:58:18,200 --> 00:58:20,120
Speaker 8: sometimes called dreamers.

922
00:58:20,520 --> 00:58:23,440
Speaker 21: With no immigration reform, after four years in the White House,

923
00:58:23,760 --> 00:58:27,760
Speaker 21: Obama used his executive power to create the Deferred Action

924
00:58:28,000 --> 00:58:33,400
Speaker 21: for Childhood Arrivals or DACA. The policy allowed undocumented immigrants

925
00:58:33,400 --> 00:58:35,720
Speaker 21: who had been brought to the US as children to

926
00:58:35,800 --> 00:58:39,360
Speaker 21: request deferred action from deportation and get a work permit.

927
00:58:40,440 --> 00:58:43,840
Speaker 21: They needed a record free of felonese or serious misdemeanors,

928
00:58:44,320 --> 00:58:47,040
Speaker 21: and they had to reapply to the program every two years.

929
00:58:47,800 --> 00:58:51,920
Speaker 21: DACA didn't offer a path to citizenship. It just stopped deportation.

930
00:58:52,640 --> 00:58:54,560
Speaker 21: It was never meant to be a long term fixed.

931
00:58:55,880 --> 00:58:57,680
Speaker 23: It was a bittersweet moment for a lot of us.

932
00:58:58,360 --> 00:59:01,800
Speaker 23: It wasn't the Dream Act, it didn't include our parents,

933
00:59:02,480 --> 00:59:07,320
Speaker 23: and I remember not wanting to apply to DACA.

934
00:59:08,040 --> 00:59:12,800
Speaker 21: It seemed like a defeat. But eventually he did apply

935
00:59:13,000 --> 00:59:16,000
Speaker 21: and got into the program. He's still a part of it.

936
00:59:19,040 --> 00:59:22,240
Speaker 21: When Donald Trump was elected, he tried to end the program,

937
00:59:22,600 --> 00:59:26,080
Speaker 21: but was blocked by the courts. Nevertheless, just a few

938
00:59:26,120 --> 00:59:30,560
Speaker 21: months ago, DACA was ruled unconstitutional by a federal judge

939
00:59:30,560 --> 00:59:34,760
Speaker 21: in Texas, and for now all new applications have been suspended.

940
00:59:34,960 --> 00:59:37,920
Speaker 3: This a constant is it going to go away?

941
00:59:38,840 --> 00:59:43,440
Speaker 23: Because I'm able now to legally work in this country.

942
00:59:43,800 --> 00:59:47,160
Speaker 23: I am very lucky to have, you know, insurance through

943
00:59:47,160 --> 00:59:50,000
Speaker 23: my job that could go away at any minute if

944
00:59:50,040 --> 00:59:54,600
Speaker 23: this shenaniganst continue, right, And so it's it's it's a

945
00:59:54,640 --> 00:59:57,080
Speaker 23: constant like you should be thankful, but at the same time, like,

946
00:59:57,360 --> 00:59:59,880
Speaker 23: here's some a little stress for you, right, It's.

947
00:59:59,760 --> 01:00:03,920
Speaker 10: Kind of ridiculous that we've been talking about passing something

948
01:00:03,960 --> 01:00:06,360
Speaker 10: for twenty years at this point, and that that's the

949
01:00:06,400 --> 01:00:08,960
Speaker 10: only thing that's been able to move forward, and that like,

950
01:00:09,640 --> 01:00:10,920
Speaker 10: at the same time has been.

951
01:00:10,800 --> 01:00:14,680
Speaker 23: So fickle, and that is frustrating for somebody who's been

952
01:00:15,200 --> 01:00:19,040
Speaker 23: doing this for like almost twenty years. It's I'm like,

953
01:00:19,760 --> 01:00:22,160
Speaker 23: I just met an image yesterday. I put an image

954
01:00:22,200 --> 01:00:25,840
Speaker 23: out that said save the DACA youth, and in the bottom,

955
01:00:25,840 --> 01:00:28,000
Speaker 23: I'm like, ma'am, I'm thirty seven, you know.

956
01:00:28,040 --> 01:00:28,200
Speaker 22: Like.

957
01:00:30,360 --> 01:00:33,440
Speaker 21: This touched on something that Daniels, this is a problem

958
01:00:33,480 --> 01:00:35,360
Speaker 21: with the original push for the Dream.

959
01:00:35,160 --> 01:00:37,600
Speaker 10: Act, because we wanted to make a point, like we

960
01:00:37,600 --> 01:00:40,760
Speaker 10: were very disciplined, because we felt like we have to

961
01:00:40,800 --> 01:00:43,240
Speaker 10: shape our stories in a way that fit this this

962
01:00:43,320 --> 01:00:49,320
Speaker 10: strategy of moving forward the bill, I think over the

963
01:00:49,440 --> 01:00:54,520
Speaker 10: years has also become this ugly thing that in policy

964
01:00:54,920 --> 01:00:58,480
Speaker 10: means that like people who don't fit that narrative, including

965
01:00:58,520 --> 01:01:01,320
Speaker 10: our parents, get left out of like any sort of

966
01:01:01,400 --> 01:01:03,320
Speaker 10: negotiations or considerations.

967
01:01:04,600 --> 01:01:08,320
Speaker 21: They needed to be that perfect immigrant, someone innocent who

968
01:01:08,360 --> 01:01:10,880
Speaker 21: had been brought to the US as a child. Gaga

969
01:01:10,880 --> 01:01:14,919
Speaker 21: Greats never made mistakes that ended up in criminal convictions,

970
01:01:15,440 --> 01:01:18,640
Speaker 21: spoke English and wanted to go to college or the army.

971
01:01:19,560 --> 01:01:22,480
Speaker 21: Dania and other activists began to question that narrative.

972
01:01:22,840 --> 01:01:26,320
Speaker 10: I don't think that pains a realistic picture of anyone.

973
01:01:26,720 --> 01:01:29,880
Speaker 10: I mean, I think, like you know, first of all,

974
01:01:30,160 --> 01:01:33,479
Speaker 10: there is the question of the criminal justice system. Over

975
01:01:33,520 --> 01:01:37,680
Speaker 10: the last several years, in particular, there's been a huge

976
01:01:37,840 --> 01:01:41,720
Speaker 10: like black lad movement that has exposed all of the

977
01:01:41,880 --> 01:01:44,680
Speaker 10: cracks in a very mass way of the criminal justice

978
01:01:44,680 --> 01:01:48,600
Speaker 10: system and how it targets people of color. And I think, like,

979
01:01:49,480 --> 01:01:53,120
Speaker 10: if we believe that's true. Then, by definition, whenever we

980
01:01:53,240 --> 01:01:57,160
Speaker 10: exclude immigrants who have any sort of criminal record from

981
01:01:57,160 --> 01:02:01,160
Speaker 10: bills like the Dream Act or from immigration reform, we're

982
01:02:01,480 --> 01:02:05,120
Speaker 10: buying into the things that the criminal justice system says.

983
01:02:05,680 --> 01:02:09,000
Speaker 21: That's why, in a way, the failing of the Dream

984
01:02:09,000 --> 01:02:11,200
Speaker 21: Act didn't quite disappoint her.

985
01:02:11,560 --> 01:02:15,280
Speaker 10: It also felt like a big release, like we didn't

986
01:02:15,400 --> 01:02:18,800
Speaker 10: actually have to shape our entire strategy and in some

987
01:02:18,840 --> 01:02:23,840
Speaker 10: ways our entire identity around this particular bill. You know,

988
01:02:23,920 --> 01:02:26,200
Speaker 10: every year, for example, we had like a little theme

989
01:02:26,720 --> 01:02:29,440
Speaker 10: for what are coming out of the shadows rally was

990
01:02:29,480 --> 01:02:33,160
Speaker 10: going to be, so like the first year was like undocumented, unafraid,

991
01:02:33,760 --> 01:02:38,320
Speaker 10: the second year was documented unafraid and unapologetic, and the

992
01:02:38,400 --> 01:02:40,760
Speaker 10: third year was after the failure of the Dream Act,

993
01:02:40,880 --> 01:02:44,760
Speaker 10: and the theme was I Define myself. And it was

994
01:02:44,840 --> 01:02:48,120
Speaker 10: because we were coming out of like just this very

995
01:02:48,200 --> 01:02:52,600
Speaker 10: rigid messaging that was about our stories too, and about

996
01:02:52,600 --> 01:02:54,080
Speaker 10: who got to tell their stories.

997
01:02:56,120 --> 01:02:59,000
Speaker 1: In March of this year, the House of Representatives passed

998
01:02:59,040 --> 01:03:02,120
Speaker 1: the American Dream and Promise Act of twenty twenty one.

999
01:03:02,880 --> 01:03:05,760
Speaker 1: The bill has yet to be voted on by this Senate,

1000
01:03:06,720 --> 01:03:11,480
Speaker 1: and so here we are twenty years later, frustrated the

1001
01:03:11,520 --> 01:03:18,440
Speaker 1: issue of immigration, refugees, migrants, people moving completely unresolved. What

1002
01:03:18,480 --> 01:03:21,840
Speaker 1: September eleventh did was to create a narrative that now

1003
01:03:21,880 --> 01:03:25,000
Speaker 1: we've had to be fighting against for twenty years, that

1004
01:03:25,120 --> 01:03:30,480
Speaker 1: somehow immigrants and refugees are a problem, and now we

1005
01:03:30,600 --> 01:03:36,400
Speaker 1: have refugees from Afghanistan a direct result of September eleventh

1006
01:03:36,720 --> 01:03:42,600
Speaker 1: and the actions of the United States government. The people

1007
01:03:43,000 --> 01:03:47,040
Speaker 1: of the United States and the people of Afghanistan and

1008
01:03:47,200 --> 01:03:52,040
Speaker 1: all migrants deserve better than this, being the lesson of

1009
01:03:52,080 --> 01:04:07,520
Speaker 1: September eleventh. This episode was produced by Alejandra Salasar, Julieta Martinelli,

1010
01:04:07,560 --> 01:04:11,240
Speaker 1: and Victoria Estrada, with help from Brinaldo Leanos Junior, mari

1011
01:04:11,400 --> 01:04:14,280
Speaker 1: Es Kinka, and Oscar de Leon. It was edited by

1012
01:04:14,320 --> 01:04:18,480
Speaker 1: Andrea Lopez Grusado and mixed by Elishiva YouTube and Gabrielle Bayez.

1013
01:04:18,680 --> 01:04:23,360
Speaker 1: The Latino USA team includes Marta Martinez, Mike Sargent, Gini Montalbo,

1014
01:04:23,440 --> 01:04:27,080
Speaker 1: Patricias Ubaran and Julia Rocha, with help from ra Uberees.

1015
01:04:27,360 --> 01:04:31,280
Speaker 1: Our editorial director is Julio Ricardo Barela. Our supervising senior

1016
01:04:31,280 --> 01:04:35,920
Speaker 1: engineer is Stephanie Lebou. Our assistant senior engineer is Julia Caruso.

1017
01:04:36,040 --> 01:04:39,640
Speaker 1: Additional engineering by Lea Sho Damrox without from jj Cairubin.

1018
01:04:39,800 --> 01:04:42,560
Speaker 1: Our digital editor is Luis Luna. Our theme music was

1019
01:04:42,560 --> 01:04:45,200
Speaker 1: composed by Zane Robinos. If you like the music you

1020
01:04:45,280 --> 01:04:47,960
Speaker 1: heard on this episode, stop by latinousa dot organ check

1021
01:04:48,000 --> 01:04:51,360
Speaker 1: out our weekly Spotify playlist. I'm your host and executive

1022
01:04:51,400 --> 01:04:54,960
Speaker 1: producer Marie Jojosa. Join us again on our next episode.

1023
01:04:55,320 --> 01:04:59,040
Speaker 1: In the meantime, be thankful for being alive, remember those

1024
01:04:59,080 --> 01:05:02,880
Speaker 1: who passed, and let's build a better place to live

1025
01:05:02,960 --> 01:05:05,640
Speaker 1: for all of us. And I'll see you on our

1026
01:05:05,640 --> 01:05:07,040
Speaker 1: social media show.

1027
01:05:10,200 --> 01:05:13,240
Speaker 18: Funding for Latino USA is coverage of a culture of

1028
01:05:13,280 --> 01:05:15,840
Speaker 18: health is made possible in part by a grant from

1029
01:05:15,880 --> 01:05:20,280
Speaker 18: the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, New York Women's Foundation, the

1030
01:05:20,360 --> 01:05:24,240
Speaker 18: New York Women's Foundation funding women leaders that build solutions

1031
01:05:24,240 --> 01:05:28,600
Speaker 18: in their communities and celebrating thirty years of radical generosity,

1032
01:05:29,120 --> 01:05:33,680
Speaker 18: and the Ford Foundation working with visionaries on the frontlines

1033
01:05:33,720 --> 01:05:35,960
Speaker 18: of social change worldwide.

1034
01:05:38,680 --> 01:05:44,200
Speaker 23: Yesterday, the Vice President met with some undocumented folks and

1035
01:05:44,480 --> 01:05:47,240
Speaker 23: a couple of weeks ago, she just told people not

1036
01:05:47,360 --> 01:05:50,360
Speaker 23: to come here, like what is the tea