1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:03,000 Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, it's Josh and Chuck your friends, and we 2 00:00:03,080 --> 00:00:05,880 Speaker 1: are here to tell you about our upcoming book that's 3 00:00:05,920 --> 00:00:09,080 Speaker 1: coming out this fall, the first ever Stuff you Should 4 00:00:09,080 --> 00:00:12,160 Speaker 1: Know book, Chuck. That's right. What's the cool, super cool 5 00:00:12,200 --> 00:00:15,640 Speaker 1: title we came up with. It's Stuff you Should Know colon, 6 00:00:16,120 --> 00:00:20,439 Speaker 1: an incomplete compendium of mostly interesting things. That's right, and 7 00:00:20,480 --> 00:00:23,520 Speaker 1: it's coming along so great. We're super excited, you guys. 8 00:00:23,720 --> 00:00:28,040 Speaker 1: The illustrations are amazing, and there's the look of the book. 9 00:00:28,080 --> 00:00:30,639 Speaker 1: It's all just it's exactly what we hoped it would be. 10 00:00:30,680 --> 00:00:32,440 Speaker 1: And we cannot wait for you to get your hands 11 00:00:32,440 --> 00:00:34,720 Speaker 1: on it. Yes, we can't. Um and you don't have 12 00:00:34,800 --> 00:00:36,479 Speaker 1: to wait. Actually, well you do have to wait, but 13 00:00:36,479 --> 00:00:38,400 Speaker 1: you don't have to wait to order. You can go 14 00:00:38,479 --> 00:00:41,800 Speaker 1: pre order the book right now everywhere you get books, 15 00:00:42,200 --> 00:00:46,600 Speaker 1: and you will eventually get a special gift for pre ordering, 16 00:00:46,640 --> 00:00:49,400 Speaker 1: which we're working on right now. That's right, So check 17 00:00:49,440 --> 00:00:53,600 Speaker 1: it out soon coming this fall. Welcome to Stuff you 18 00:00:53,600 --> 00:01:02,560 Speaker 1: Should Know, a production of My Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hey, 19 00:01:02,640 --> 00:01:05,480 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, and there's 20 00:01:05,560 --> 00:01:09,920 Speaker 1: Charles w. Chuck Bryan over there flying solo, batching it up. 21 00:01:10,160 --> 00:01:14,200 Speaker 1: It's a stag party up in this piece, and this 22 00:01:14,360 --> 00:01:19,240 Speaker 1: is stuff you should know. Remember the Happy Days where 23 00:01:19,240 --> 00:01:21,960 Speaker 1: they had a stag party. Ritchie and Pozzy and Ralph 24 00:01:22,000 --> 00:01:25,840 Speaker 1: Mouth went to a stag party with I think Richie's 25 00:01:25,840 --> 00:01:29,240 Speaker 1: older brother who I believe his named Chuck. I think 26 00:01:29,280 --> 00:01:31,279 Speaker 1: his name was Chuck, But I don't remember what happened. 27 00:01:31,400 --> 00:01:33,520 Speaker 1: I sort of remember that episode. I think they just 28 00:01:33,560 --> 00:01:36,240 Speaker 1: got a little freaked out, a little titillated, aroused, and 29 00:01:36,240 --> 00:01:38,720 Speaker 1: then freaked out. I think it sounds like what would 30 00:01:38,720 --> 00:01:41,920 Speaker 1: have happened. Did Fonzie fix a juke box by hitting 31 00:01:41,920 --> 00:01:44,560 Speaker 1: with this fist? I think that even may have been 32 00:01:44,640 --> 00:01:47,400 Speaker 1: pre jukebox Fonzie. I don't even know that he was 33 00:01:47,440 --> 00:01:49,320 Speaker 1: wearing a leather coat at the time. He may have 34 00:01:49,400 --> 00:01:51,960 Speaker 1: just been wearing that weird gray jacket that he wore 35 00:01:52,000 --> 00:01:54,600 Speaker 1: at first. Yeah, like the mechanics jacket. And that would 36 00:01:54,640 --> 00:01:57,520 Speaker 1: make sense because I think Chuck was only in the 37 00:01:57,520 --> 00:02:00,480 Speaker 1: early days of the Happy Days, the happiest days, right. 38 00:02:00,640 --> 00:02:04,160 Speaker 1: But then remember they like killed him off, like pretty graphically. 39 00:02:04,440 --> 00:02:08,440 Speaker 1: He suffered from dysenterry for basically three straight episodes, and 40 00:02:08,480 --> 00:02:11,240 Speaker 1: like that's all they focused on, and then he finally 41 00:02:11,280 --> 00:02:14,200 Speaker 1: just died and they said, man, this is called happy Days. 42 00:02:14,240 --> 00:02:16,000 Speaker 1: I think we need to just get rid of them. Yeah. 43 00:02:16,000 --> 00:02:20,120 Speaker 1: I think they changed their show runner after that. So, um, 44 00:02:20,160 --> 00:02:25,000 Speaker 1: we're talking about ultrasound right now. And if you had Dysenterry, 45 00:02:25,639 --> 00:02:30,200 Speaker 1: I'm not entirely convinced that ultrasound would help. But let's 46 00:02:30,200 --> 00:02:34,080 Speaker 1: say you had it a kidney stone instead, Friend, ultrasound 47 00:02:34,120 --> 00:02:37,040 Speaker 1: would help with that kind of thing. Yeah, they could. 48 00:02:37,080 --> 00:02:40,359 Speaker 1: They could sniff out of kidney stone. Yeah they can. 49 00:02:40,480 --> 00:02:42,280 Speaker 1: As a matter of fact. Well, what's funny is they 50 00:02:42,320 --> 00:02:45,160 Speaker 1: do everything but sniff. They used to sound and they 51 00:02:45,240 --> 00:02:49,120 Speaker 1: used vision. I used the wrong. Uh, they don't sniffer take. 52 00:02:50,400 --> 00:02:54,880 Speaker 1: Oh boy, that was great. Should be good. So, um, ultrasound. 53 00:02:54,919 --> 00:02:57,680 Speaker 1: Everybody knows what ultrasound is. Just about everybody seeing an 54 00:02:57,760 --> 00:03:01,720 Speaker 1: ultrasound picture. Um, you see little babies like in the 55 00:03:01,800 --> 00:03:05,040 Speaker 1: womb developing and they're getting all cute and everything, or 56 00:03:05,080 --> 00:03:06,880 Speaker 1: else you see them really early on and they're not 57 00:03:06,960 --> 00:03:10,120 Speaker 1: at all cute. Um. But either way, I think everybody 58 00:03:10,200 --> 00:03:13,960 Speaker 1: is pretty familiar with ultrasound. UM, and I was too, 59 00:03:14,160 --> 00:03:17,000 Speaker 1: but I still learned quite a bit from this incredibly 60 00:03:17,080 --> 00:03:23,160 Speaker 1: outdated article by Craig freud and Rich PhD. Yeah, and 61 00:03:23,200 --> 00:03:27,960 Speaker 1: you're speaking specifically of what's known as a sonogram. Uh. 62 00:03:28,040 --> 00:03:31,320 Speaker 1: When a device that you know, we're going to talk 63 00:03:31,360 --> 00:03:35,240 Speaker 1: about this in more detail, but a device called a 64 00:03:35,320 --> 00:03:40,520 Speaker 1: transducer probe has either put on you or in you, 65 00:03:41,800 --> 00:03:45,600 Speaker 1: depending on what depending on what they're after or how 66 00:03:45,640 --> 00:03:51,040 Speaker 1: close they need to get sure. Yeah. Absolutely, and then 67 00:03:51,120 --> 00:03:55,960 Speaker 1: what well, I mean, you know, I can speak from experience. 68 00:03:55,960 --> 00:03:58,080 Speaker 1: One of the best things in the world is when 69 00:03:58,080 --> 00:04:03,560 Speaker 1: you see that first little picture of baby and heart beating. Uh. 70 00:04:03,600 --> 00:04:05,280 Speaker 1: And then the worst moment is when you go in 71 00:04:05,280 --> 00:04:07,840 Speaker 1: there and get one and that heart isn't beating. Yeah. 72 00:04:08,040 --> 00:04:10,160 Speaker 1: And it's a un nerving moment when you go in 73 00:04:10,200 --> 00:04:13,080 Speaker 1: there for that stuff. And like I said, it can 74 00:04:13,120 --> 00:04:15,560 Speaker 1: be it can It feels both great and terrible and 75 00:04:15,560 --> 00:04:19,640 Speaker 1: I've I've experienced all. Yeah. But the thing is about 76 00:04:19,800 --> 00:04:24,320 Speaker 1: ultrasound chuck um is most people think that it's that's 77 00:04:24,360 --> 00:04:26,040 Speaker 1: what it used for us just check on babies, But 78 00:04:26,080 --> 00:04:28,880 Speaker 1: it's used for a whole bunch of other stuff as well, 79 00:04:28,920 --> 00:04:31,599 Speaker 1: which we'll talk about. And they're starting to find even 80 00:04:31,680 --> 00:04:35,240 Speaker 1: more um cutting edge techniques for it too. So it's 81 00:04:35,240 --> 00:04:39,960 Speaker 1: actually pretty interesting stuff. And the whole thing magically is 82 00:04:39,960 --> 00:04:43,800 Speaker 1: centered on crystals that are actually hidden in the incredibly 83 00:04:43,839 --> 00:04:48,240 Speaker 1: greatly named transducer probe, and they actually, you know, in 84 00:04:48,279 --> 00:04:51,719 Speaker 1: a way squeeze these crystals. And when you squeeze crystals, 85 00:04:51,800 --> 00:04:55,520 Speaker 1: especially ones that have in irregular shape, they do something amazing. 86 00:04:55,880 --> 00:05:00,400 Speaker 1: They produce energy vibrations in this case, and so by 87 00:05:00,400 --> 00:05:04,520 Speaker 1: squeezing the crystal of of vibration of sound goes out 88 00:05:05,160 --> 00:05:09,720 Speaker 1: very high frequency sounds. Und it is it is ultrasound 89 00:05:10,279 --> 00:05:12,800 Speaker 1: um on the order of something like this article says 90 00:05:12,800 --> 00:05:15,960 Speaker 1: one to five mega hurts, but I saw two to 91 00:05:16,080 --> 00:05:21,240 Speaker 1: twenty is much more standard, and it hurts. Is how 92 00:05:21,279 --> 00:05:25,560 Speaker 1: many of the same part of a of a wavelength 93 00:05:25,880 --> 00:05:28,919 Speaker 1: of you know, sound or something like that would pass 94 00:05:29,000 --> 00:05:32,760 Speaker 1: by a space a point in space every second. So 95 00:05:32,800 --> 00:05:35,359 Speaker 1: in this case, say like the crest of these wavelengths, 96 00:05:35,400 --> 00:05:41,160 Speaker 1: these ultrasound wavelengths um, the something like twenty million of 97 00:05:41,200 --> 00:05:44,919 Speaker 1: their crests would pass by one point in space in 98 00:05:45,040 --> 00:05:48,960 Speaker 1: one second, very very high frequency, very very tight um, 99 00:05:49,080 --> 00:05:52,720 Speaker 1: which makes them very very energetic. So those are the 100 00:05:53,320 --> 00:05:57,880 Speaker 1: vibrations the sound that is produced by squeezing crystals. And 101 00:05:57,960 --> 00:06:01,599 Speaker 1: you would think just squeezing chrys souls is pretty pretty great. 102 00:06:01,720 --> 00:06:04,200 Speaker 1: Let's just give this thing a blue ribbon for being 103 00:06:04,240 --> 00:06:07,240 Speaker 1: a wonderful piece of technology. But it gets even better 104 00:06:07,320 --> 00:06:10,240 Speaker 1: than that. Yeah, I mean, if you're talking about the 105 00:06:10,279 --> 00:06:15,119 Speaker 1: fact that there's a machine that then calculates these distances 106 00:06:15,200 --> 00:06:18,480 Speaker 1: from the probe to whatever it's trying to measure and 107 00:06:18,520 --> 00:06:23,840 Speaker 1: then basically can create a two and now even three 108 00:06:23,839 --> 00:06:28,440 Speaker 1: dimensional picture of that, it seems like magic. It does, 109 00:06:28,600 --> 00:06:32,680 Speaker 1: especially because those those sound waves that propagate from the 110 00:06:32,720 --> 00:06:35,719 Speaker 1: crystal being squeezed, which I like to think of is 111 00:06:35,720 --> 00:06:39,000 Speaker 1: the crystals being squeezed, and it's making the sound and delight. 112 00:06:39,600 --> 00:06:42,600 Speaker 1: It's not like a painful, painful sound that it's like, 113 00:06:42,720 --> 00:06:47,520 Speaker 1: it's just like, yeah, it feels great. Um. So those 114 00:06:47,520 --> 00:06:50,600 Speaker 1: sound waves, when they travel into the body, they hit 115 00:06:50,640 --> 00:06:53,680 Speaker 1: all sorts of stuff. They hit um, tissue, they hit 116 00:06:54,240 --> 00:06:58,200 Speaker 1: um liquid, they hit everything and that's everything bone, yeah 117 00:06:58,320 --> 00:07:04,159 Speaker 1: and um. The the higher frequency of a wave, the 118 00:07:04,560 --> 00:07:07,800 Speaker 1: more likely it is to bounce back. So the a 119 00:07:07,839 --> 00:07:10,560 Speaker 1: lot of that stuff bounces back. And when it bounces back, chuck, 120 00:07:10,800 --> 00:07:14,480 Speaker 1: it comes right back into those crystals, and when it 121 00:07:14,560 --> 00:07:18,160 Speaker 1: hits those crystals, it actually produces electricity, and then that 122 00:07:18,240 --> 00:07:22,640 Speaker 1: electrical impulse is what's converted into through some sort of 123 00:07:22,640 --> 00:07:24,720 Speaker 1: black magic that I have a lot of trouble wrapping 124 00:07:24,800 --> 00:07:28,400 Speaker 1: my head around into images. So sound gets translated into 125 00:07:28,440 --> 00:07:31,560 Speaker 1: images via electrical impulses. And at the heart of it 126 00:07:31,600 --> 00:07:34,440 Speaker 1: all are those crystals. Yeah. I think if you were 127 00:07:34,440 --> 00:07:40,400 Speaker 1: to ask your average person if an ultrasound like just 128 00:07:40,440 --> 00:07:42,960 Speaker 1: a yes or no question, like an ultrasound does it 129 00:07:43,160 --> 00:07:47,800 Speaker 1: use actual crystals to produce an image, you would probably 130 00:07:47,800 --> 00:07:49,320 Speaker 1: get laughed out of the room by nine out of 131 00:07:49,320 --> 00:07:51,560 Speaker 1: ten people and say, of course it doesn't. That's some 132 00:07:51,680 --> 00:07:56,200 Speaker 1: sort of weird wiccan hoke um right, that you're trying 133 00:07:56,200 --> 00:07:59,640 Speaker 1: to sell me on. It's it's not real, but it's remarkable. 134 00:07:59,680 --> 00:08:02,960 Speaker 1: I hadn't no idea that it uses crystals. Yeah. I 135 00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:08,160 Speaker 1: think this machine is actually second only to um the 136 00:08:08,200 --> 00:08:13,880 Speaker 1: breathalyzer machine in in surprising complexity man and I and 137 00:08:13,920 --> 00:08:17,000 Speaker 1: I presume the ultrasaw machine was pretty complex. But yeah, 138 00:08:17,080 --> 00:08:20,320 Speaker 1: I had no idea that they were squeezing crystals in there. Yeah. 139 00:08:20,360 --> 00:08:24,280 Speaker 1: In nineteen forty two, there was a neurologist who used 140 00:08:25,120 --> 00:08:28,120 Speaker 1: ultrasonic waves as a as a tool as a diagnostic 141 00:08:28,120 --> 00:08:30,960 Speaker 1: tool for the first time named Karl with a Kadu 142 00:08:31,040 --> 00:08:35,040 Speaker 1: sick and he was trying to search for brain tumors 143 00:08:35,040 --> 00:08:38,040 Speaker 1: through someone's skull. And I think it was not until 144 00:08:38,080 --> 00:08:41,559 Speaker 1: the nineteen fifties, so about sixteen years later fifty eight 145 00:08:42,200 --> 00:08:45,560 Speaker 1: that it was first used for a sonogram with Dr 146 00:08:45,640 --> 00:08:49,400 Speaker 1: Ian Donald. Yeah. And the great advantage of ultrasound is 147 00:08:49,400 --> 00:08:52,600 Speaker 1: that you're just you're sending sound waves, which are mechanical 148 00:08:52,679 --> 00:08:57,040 Speaker 1: in nature into the body. UM. You're not using ionizing 149 00:08:57,160 --> 00:09:00,680 Speaker 1: radiation like X rays, UM, So you're not going to 150 00:09:00,800 --> 00:09:05,320 Speaker 1: like produce tumors necessarily, there's not You're just not exposed 151 00:09:05,360 --> 00:09:08,199 Speaker 1: to being exposed to radiation energy. You're being exposed to 152 00:09:08,240 --> 00:09:12,720 Speaker 1: mechanical energy again, just acoustic waves of sound. But what's 153 00:09:12,720 --> 00:09:16,400 Speaker 1: amazing about this is that that that sound, those echoes 154 00:09:16,440 --> 00:09:18,959 Speaker 1: from that sound that bounce off of the different barriers 155 00:09:19,000 --> 00:09:22,200 Speaker 1: or what they're called, say like between blood and tissue, 156 00:09:22,200 --> 00:09:25,640 Speaker 1: a tissue and bone, as they bounce back up and 157 00:09:25,679 --> 00:09:30,360 Speaker 1: they're converted into images you can see into the human 158 00:09:30,400 --> 00:09:35,319 Speaker 1: body without using X rays and without cutting somebody open. 159 00:09:35,360 --> 00:09:38,400 Speaker 1: So it was an enormous advance that I think really 160 00:09:38,480 --> 00:09:42,320 Speaker 1: gets overlooked, um at least by the general public, as 161 00:09:42,360 --> 00:09:45,560 Speaker 1: far as medical advances go like, it was huge when 162 00:09:45,600 --> 00:09:48,160 Speaker 1: we figured out how to do this. Yeah, And that's 163 00:09:48,160 --> 00:09:50,360 Speaker 1: why if you ever go to get a sonogram or 164 00:09:50,400 --> 00:09:53,280 Speaker 1: something like this and they show you an image of 165 00:09:53,320 --> 00:09:57,400 Speaker 1: your little bread love baking in the oven, and you 166 00:09:57,480 --> 00:10:00,960 Speaker 1: catch yourself in your head thinking looks kind of crutty 167 00:10:01,000 --> 00:10:04,760 Speaker 1: to me, just put your foot in the door and 168 00:10:04,840 --> 00:10:07,400 Speaker 1: slam it real quick, and make sure you don't say 169 00:10:07,400 --> 00:10:09,000 Speaker 1: that out loud in front of anyone in the room, 170 00:10:09,080 --> 00:10:11,800 Speaker 1: because it is truly a little miracle machine just to 171 00:10:11,800 --> 00:10:15,880 Speaker 1: get an image that looks that crutty, right, especially, don't 172 00:10:15,920 --> 00:10:18,760 Speaker 1: say it in front of Karl Dusick. No, it would 173 00:10:18,800 --> 00:10:21,000 Speaker 1: really hurt this feeling. And all of this, I mean, 174 00:10:21,040 --> 00:10:25,200 Speaker 1: this stuff is remarkable because it's the same concept of 175 00:10:25,480 --> 00:10:28,040 Speaker 1: just the sonar that we use in the military and 176 00:10:28,080 --> 00:10:30,800 Speaker 1: the sonar that bats use. Yeah. And as a matter 177 00:10:30,800 --> 00:10:35,040 Speaker 1: of fact, like our understanding of um echolocation, which is 178 00:10:35,120 --> 00:10:38,120 Speaker 1: ultimately what it's based on, it's shooting out sound and 179 00:10:38,160 --> 00:10:41,120 Speaker 1: then listening for the echoes and then taking the information 180 00:10:41,600 --> 00:10:45,800 Speaker 1: that those echoes bring back to judge things like distance, shape, size, 181 00:10:45,840 --> 00:10:47,760 Speaker 1: all the stuff. You can get a lot of information 182 00:10:47,800 --> 00:10:51,040 Speaker 1: from sound if you know how to use echolocation. That's 183 00:10:51,040 --> 00:10:53,760 Speaker 1: what's happening. We're squeezing crystals to make this sound. And 184 00:10:53,760 --> 00:10:57,199 Speaker 1: then in turn, after they shout, they turn into ears 185 00:10:57,280 --> 00:11:00,280 Speaker 1: listening for the echoes that come back, and the echoes 186 00:11:00,320 --> 00:11:04,120 Speaker 1: that come back ultimately become those white or bright or 187 00:11:04,240 --> 00:11:08,400 Speaker 1: light areas on a sonogram. Um that that form like 188 00:11:08,440 --> 00:11:11,640 Speaker 1: the shape, those are the echo. Yeah, and it's way better. 189 00:11:11,760 --> 00:11:15,920 Speaker 1: The very first uh sonograms, they would get boxes of bats. 190 00:11:16,880 --> 00:11:19,360 Speaker 1: They would open the lid and throw it over the 191 00:11:19,400 --> 00:11:22,680 Speaker 1: pregnant belly very fast, right, let them fly around for 192 00:11:22,720 --> 00:11:25,240 Speaker 1: a couple of minutes, and then take those bats into 193 00:11:25,240 --> 00:11:27,560 Speaker 1: another room and give them pads of paper and pencils, 194 00:11:28,160 --> 00:11:30,800 Speaker 1: and said to draw what you heard. And bats are 195 00:11:30,840 --> 00:11:34,400 Speaker 1: actually pretty good at drawing, most of them are. It's surprising, 196 00:11:34,480 --> 00:11:38,439 Speaker 1: honestly that it looks about as good as the current sonogram. Yeah, 197 00:11:38,960 --> 00:11:41,280 Speaker 1: so I guess you're not a big you're not super 198 00:11:41,320 --> 00:11:44,760 Speaker 1: impressed by the resolution. You know, it's fine, Like I said, 199 00:11:44,760 --> 00:11:47,600 Speaker 1: when you when you realize what's going on, it's truly 200 00:11:47,600 --> 00:11:50,840 Speaker 1: a miracle. And and the three D ones, yeah, I 201 00:11:50,840 --> 00:11:55,000 Speaker 1: mean those are kind of creepily accurate, right they are. 202 00:11:55,080 --> 00:11:57,920 Speaker 1: They have a little uncanny valley thing going on. But 203 00:11:57,920 --> 00:12:01,000 Speaker 1: I'm not sure why, but they definitely do. But that's 204 00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:04,760 Speaker 1: a huge advance in ultrasound because, like originally in ultrasound, 205 00:12:04,840 --> 00:12:07,600 Speaker 1: especially if you just see the flat one that almost 206 00:12:07,600 --> 00:12:10,160 Speaker 1: looks like a grainy X ray or something like that, 207 00:12:10,200 --> 00:12:13,320 Speaker 1: but you're seeing something like soft tissue. That's another advantage 208 00:12:13,360 --> 00:12:16,960 Speaker 1: of ultrasound over X ray. X ray typically shows much 209 00:12:17,000 --> 00:12:21,199 Speaker 1: harder stuff, whereas an ultrasound card. So you even like blood, 210 00:12:21,760 --> 00:12:28,560 Speaker 1: something is as um non dense dense lists. Uh, what's 211 00:12:28,600 --> 00:12:35,319 Speaker 1: the opposite of dense this guess loose Yeah, lucy, Even 212 00:12:35,360 --> 00:12:40,600 Speaker 1: as something is as anatomically lucy goosey as blood. Um, 213 00:12:40,800 --> 00:12:44,280 Speaker 1: the ultrasound can capture that because of the high frequency 214 00:12:44,360 --> 00:12:46,360 Speaker 1: and the other The other great thing about using high 215 00:12:46,400 --> 00:12:49,760 Speaker 1: frequency is that or the other reason we use high 216 00:12:49,800 --> 00:12:53,439 Speaker 1: frequency is the higher the frequency, the greater the resolution. 217 00:12:53,960 --> 00:12:57,400 Speaker 1: And it's not a perfect analogy, but it's similar to 218 00:12:57,559 --> 00:13:01,200 Speaker 1: how if you increase the magnet shoote of a microscope 219 00:13:01,280 --> 00:13:04,680 Speaker 1: you can see smaller and smaller stuff. It's very much 220 00:13:05,080 --> 00:13:09,240 Speaker 1: similar to higher the frequency of say sound in an 221 00:13:09,280 --> 00:13:13,880 Speaker 1: ultrasound machine, the more finely detailed, the more resolution you 222 00:13:13,880 --> 00:13:18,120 Speaker 1: can have. The problem is is that the those higher 223 00:13:18,200 --> 00:13:23,560 Speaker 1: energy um uh wavelengths tend to bounce back, tend to 224 00:13:23,600 --> 00:13:27,480 Speaker 1: reflect very easily, lower energy travels further and further through 225 00:13:27,480 --> 00:13:29,360 Speaker 1: the body. So what they figured out is you can 226 00:13:29,400 --> 00:13:33,559 Speaker 1: combine these and that's how you ultimately get three D imaging, 227 00:13:33,559 --> 00:13:36,280 Speaker 1: which we'll talk a little more about in a minute. 228 00:13:36,320 --> 00:13:38,000 Speaker 1: You want to take a break, Yeah, let's take a 229 00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:39,960 Speaker 1: break and we'll come back and talk about all the 230 00:13:39,960 --> 00:13:41,880 Speaker 1: parts of this. I was about to call it the 231 00:13:41,880 --> 00:13:43,760 Speaker 1: wonder machine, but we already have one of those, the 232 00:13:43,760 --> 00:14:09,000 Speaker 1: miracle machine. Miracle machines. Good, all right, right after this, alright, 233 00:14:09,320 --> 00:14:13,880 Speaker 1: so the miracle machine has uh and you know, they 234 00:14:13,920 --> 00:14:16,600 Speaker 1: don't explain any of this stuff. They basically, you know, 235 00:14:16,640 --> 00:14:18,880 Speaker 1: you go in there and they're just like, hey, this 236 00:14:18,920 --> 00:14:21,960 Speaker 1: thing works. Uh, this is a bit of black magic. 237 00:14:22,560 --> 00:14:25,800 Speaker 1: And just sit back and and open up and here 238 00:14:25,840 --> 00:14:28,680 Speaker 1: comes the probe. Yeah, we um. I think we should 239 00:14:28,680 --> 00:14:32,160 Speaker 1: go over the list that appears in this article that 240 00:14:32,200 --> 00:14:36,600 Speaker 1: was apparently written by Franz Kafka. Yeah, all right, we 241 00:14:36,720 --> 00:14:40,160 Speaker 1: have to, okay, agreed. I have a feeling you're talking 242 00:14:40,200 --> 00:14:44,360 Speaker 1: about the final few things about what happens during an 243 00:14:44,400 --> 00:14:48,920 Speaker 1: ultrasound examination. Oh that part. Yeah, sure, okay, alright, so 244 00:14:48,960 --> 00:14:52,080 Speaker 1: you got your transducer probe, which we already talked about 245 00:14:52,080 --> 00:14:54,680 Speaker 1: a little bit, and that is the thing that the 246 00:14:55,080 --> 00:14:57,480 Speaker 1: eyes and the ears that sends and receives those waves 247 00:14:57,520 --> 00:14:59,640 Speaker 1: and like we said, it can go if you if 248 00:14:59,680 --> 00:15:03,400 Speaker 1: you see this in a movie, then um, you're likely 249 00:15:03,440 --> 00:15:06,360 Speaker 1: seeing the kind that they put on your belly because 250 00:15:06,400 --> 00:15:08,920 Speaker 1: you're far along and they want to see like that 251 00:15:09,000 --> 00:15:13,320 Speaker 1: little baby in the body parts and everything. Um that 252 00:15:13,440 --> 00:15:15,600 Speaker 1: is later on in a pregnancy. At first they use 253 00:15:15,720 --> 00:15:19,320 Speaker 1: the one that goes uh you know, into the vagina 254 00:15:19,640 --> 00:15:22,560 Speaker 1: with a condom strapped on the end of it, not 255 00:15:22,640 --> 00:15:26,840 Speaker 1: strap but rolled down. Sure, I mean it makes perfect sense, 256 00:15:28,600 --> 00:15:31,120 Speaker 1: you know, yeah, I mean you gotta put some sort 257 00:15:31,120 --> 00:15:34,800 Speaker 1: of protective covering over it. And what better than a 258 00:15:34,880 --> 00:15:37,360 Speaker 1: condom to fit over something that's sort of shaped like 259 00:15:37,360 --> 00:15:40,560 Speaker 1: a penus. And then they lose that thing up and 260 00:15:40,600 --> 00:15:43,360 Speaker 1: then up it goes. And then that's how you check 261 00:15:43,400 --> 00:15:45,800 Speaker 1: on things in the earlier parts of their pregnancy. I 262 00:15:45,840 --> 00:15:51,400 Speaker 1: would hope that they would have these much smaller, is it? Well, 263 00:15:51,440 --> 00:15:53,200 Speaker 1: I mean I don't they don't use a magna, they 264 00:15:53,200 --> 00:15:56,600 Speaker 1: don't need use the magnum, right, but even still a 265 00:15:56,720 --> 00:15:59,840 Speaker 1: condom fits very loosely too, I should Okay, okay, that's 266 00:15:59,840 --> 00:16:03,200 Speaker 1: what I was after. Yeah, yeah, yeah, it's Um, I'm 267 00:16:03,240 --> 00:16:05,680 Speaker 1: trying to I'm looking around the room that you're not 268 00:16:05,760 --> 00:16:08,000 Speaker 1: even in to try and compare it to something. But 269 00:16:08,480 --> 00:16:12,280 Speaker 1: what does that mean? Well, I mean I'm in the 270 00:16:12,600 --> 00:16:15,200 Speaker 1: we're working from home. No, no, you said you were 271 00:16:15,200 --> 00:16:18,400 Speaker 1: looking around the room, Yeah, trying to compare it to something, 272 00:16:18,400 --> 00:16:21,760 Speaker 1: but I'm not there, correct, I'm looking for a like 273 00:16:21,920 --> 00:16:24,880 Speaker 1: object in the room that you're not even sitting in. Yeah, 274 00:16:24,920 --> 00:16:26,560 Speaker 1: I know, I got what you're saying. I was making 275 00:16:26,600 --> 00:16:28,520 Speaker 1: a different choke that you're not picking I'm not picking 276 00:16:28,600 --> 00:16:30,240 Speaker 1: up on it. Let's say it's as big as this, 277 00:16:30,400 --> 00:16:37,120 Speaker 1: uh highlighter's sort of like a sharpie magic marker. Okay, okay, 278 00:16:37,240 --> 00:16:40,320 Speaker 1: roughly yeah, alright, So I think we're together on the 279 00:16:40,360 --> 00:16:43,520 Speaker 1: side of the transducer probe that's used early on, that's 280 00:16:43,560 --> 00:16:46,120 Speaker 1: inserted man, and they might use that same they might 281 00:16:46,200 --> 00:16:48,120 Speaker 1: use that same one. What what were you going to say? 282 00:16:48,200 --> 00:16:50,840 Speaker 1: How did we get through like breastfeeding and female puberty 283 00:16:50,840 --> 00:16:52,520 Speaker 1: and this one is the one that's tripping us up? 284 00:16:52,560 --> 00:16:56,360 Speaker 1: So I know I have no idea. Um, I'm going 285 00:16:56,400 --> 00:16:58,320 Speaker 1: to get us back on track. They'll watch this all right, 286 00:16:59,280 --> 00:17:04,920 Speaker 1: that same uh wand wand great word for it. Um. 287 00:17:05,440 --> 00:17:11,680 Speaker 1: It might be used anally orally all sorts of different ways. 288 00:17:11,760 --> 00:17:14,080 Speaker 1: They might stick it in whatever orifice they can. It's 289 00:17:14,119 --> 00:17:17,360 Speaker 1: not just vaginally, depending on what they want to get 290 00:17:17,359 --> 00:17:21,160 Speaker 1: a closer look at is, you know, especially if they're 291 00:17:21,160 --> 00:17:24,040 Speaker 1: not just looking at a baby. Okay, yeah, yeah, yeah, 292 00:17:24,240 --> 00:17:28,240 Speaker 1: let's move on. Let's do all right. Up next on 293 00:17:28,240 --> 00:17:31,360 Speaker 1: the list is the CPU. And that's you know, that's 294 00:17:31,359 --> 00:17:34,320 Speaker 1: the little computer that does all that that black magic math. 295 00:17:35,520 --> 00:17:37,439 Speaker 1: Uh and it notes here in the article that contains 296 00:17:37,440 --> 00:17:41,160 Speaker 1: the electrical power supply. I noticed that too. I thought 297 00:17:41,200 --> 00:17:44,760 Speaker 1: that was really specific. Um. So yeah, like, if you 298 00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:49,120 Speaker 1: look at any um, any ultrasound machine, even the most 299 00:17:49,119 --> 00:17:52,359 Speaker 1: cutting edge ones that they have now look pretty much 300 00:17:52,400 --> 00:17:54,159 Speaker 1: the same as one you would have seen in like 301 00:17:54,200 --> 00:17:57,879 Speaker 1: the seventies, they're just a little slimmer. Um, they're a 302 00:17:57,880 --> 00:18:00,240 Speaker 1: little more user friendly. They'll probably have a touched green 303 00:18:00,920 --> 00:18:04,720 Speaker 1: I saw that the I think it's the Siemens Sequoya 304 00:18:04,880 --> 00:18:08,640 Speaker 1: has a gel warmer, which I'm sure is very appreciated 305 00:18:08,640 --> 00:18:11,720 Speaker 1: by patients. But I mean, for the most part, it's 306 00:18:11,880 --> 00:18:15,879 Speaker 1: it's just like everything that this article from I don't know, 307 00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:21,240 Speaker 1: probably two thousand and eight, um yeah, is describing Yeah, 308 00:18:21,320 --> 00:18:25,119 Speaker 1: you've got your transducer pulse controls, and that's where you 309 00:18:25,160 --> 00:18:29,720 Speaker 1: can change the frequency, the duration of the pulses, the amplitude, 310 00:18:30,560 --> 00:18:32,719 Speaker 1: which we'll look. We'll explain what that means in a 311 00:18:32,720 --> 00:18:35,520 Speaker 1: little while. To the to the tech, they might understand 312 00:18:35,560 --> 00:18:38,040 Speaker 1: what's going on, but really it's them saying like, um, 313 00:18:38,280 --> 00:18:41,640 Speaker 1: get clear focus, go deeper, three D mode, that kind 314 00:18:41,680 --> 00:18:44,200 Speaker 1: of thing. But to the computer, it's like, no, we're 315 00:18:44,359 --> 00:18:47,439 Speaker 1: we're messing with the amount of electricity that's coming and 316 00:18:47,440 --> 00:18:51,400 Speaker 1: going through the crystals. Correct, Okay, all right. You got 317 00:18:51,400 --> 00:18:55,560 Speaker 1: your display that speaks for itself, a little monitor, it 318 00:18:55,600 --> 00:19:01,600 Speaker 1: says on here keyboard right inputs data. Yeah. I thought 319 00:19:01,640 --> 00:19:03,679 Speaker 1: that was pretty funny too. The next two are my 320 00:19:03,720 --> 00:19:05,880 Speaker 1: favorites of this list, though, why don't you go ahead 321 00:19:05,920 --> 00:19:08,920 Speaker 1: then take it away? I wasn't expecting that was taking 322 00:19:08,920 --> 00:19:13,240 Speaker 1: a sip of coffee. You've got the disk storage device, 323 00:19:13,800 --> 00:19:17,120 Speaker 1: which could be anything from a hard drive, floppy disk, 324 00:19:17,880 --> 00:19:20,920 Speaker 1: or c D yes, and it says that it stores 325 00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:24,240 Speaker 1: the acquired images. And I actually wrote, I wish you 326 00:19:24,240 --> 00:19:26,680 Speaker 1: could see this. I wrote, ha ha under that part 327 00:19:29,200 --> 00:19:31,960 Speaker 1: that it clearly does not have a USB drive. No, 328 00:19:32,400 --> 00:19:36,000 Speaker 1: clearly not or any kind of SSD driver or anything 329 00:19:36,040 --> 00:19:38,200 Speaker 1: like that. But then the last one, Chuck, is the printer, 330 00:19:38,440 --> 00:19:40,800 Speaker 1: which I'm sure still exists, but I'm just guessing that 331 00:19:40,840 --> 00:19:44,600 Speaker 1: they were in describing a dot matrix printer in this one. No, 332 00:19:44,760 --> 00:19:46,439 Speaker 1: the printers there, but it's but it's when you know, 333 00:19:46,440 --> 00:19:48,680 Speaker 1: it's one of those little guys that you just put 334 00:19:48,760 --> 00:19:51,600 Speaker 1: punch the button and it spits out and then they 335 00:19:51,640 --> 00:19:55,040 Speaker 1: tear it off. Yes, so I mean, you know they 336 00:19:55,040 --> 00:19:57,359 Speaker 1: can email you a jpeg, I'm sure, but they're also like, 337 00:19:57,520 --> 00:20:00,720 Speaker 1: here this goes on your fridge. Here's a butterfly made 338 00:20:00,720 --> 00:20:10,520 Speaker 1: out of letters get home. Okay. So again that's still 339 00:20:10,600 --> 00:20:13,600 Speaker 1: basically the components of ultra saw machine. And what I 340 00:20:13,960 --> 00:20:16,960 Speaker 1: was like, surely, surely this article is just hopelessly out 341 00:20:16,960 --> 00:20:20,439 Speaker 1: of date, and I mean it really isn't It doesn't. 342 00:20:20,560 --> 00:20:23,320 Speaker 1: It didn't capture, you know, some of the cutting edge 343 00:20:23,320 --> 00:20:26,959 Speaker 1: stuff that's being used today. But really, ultra saw machines 344 00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:29,560 Speaker 1: haven't changed that much in the last like ten twenty, 345 00:20:29,600 --> 00:20:33,400 Speaker 1: maybe thirty or so years. They've just gotten smaller, more 346 00:20:33,480 --> 00:20:37,920 Speaker 1: powerful and as um As like computer technology has improved, 347 00:20:38,080 --> 00:20:40,800 Speaker 1: so too has whatever computer you're gonna find on board 348 00:20:40,800 --> 00:20:43,680 Speaker 1: and ultraso machine. But the nuts and bolts of it 349 00:20:43,720 --> 00:20:46,760 Speaker 1: are still generally the same thing and the um the 350 00:20:47,160 --> 00:20:49,359 Speaker 1: key though. The thing that's really changed over time and 351 00:20:49,400 --> 00:20:54,680 Speaker 1: gotten better and more sophisticated and varied is that transducer probe. 352 00:20:54,840 --> 00:20:58,359 Speaker 1: Because initially, yeah, for sure, if you're gonna make any improvements, 353 00:20:58,400 --> 00:21:00,399 Speaker 1: you want to make it to the transducer because it's 354 00:21:00,400 --> 00:21:02,640 Speaker 1: going to have some pretty big effects in the keyboard. 355 00:21:03,720 --> 00:21:07,800 Speaker 1: Maybe maybe so because you do want to input data easily. 356 00:21:08,560 --> 00:21:11,600 Speaker 1: But with that transducer probe, initially they had to say 357 00:21:11,640 --> 00:21:15,960 Speaker 1: like one crystal um and that crystal would shoot basically 358 00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:19,600 Speaker 1: a static beam that was going out into your body 359 00:21:19,600 --> 00:21:23,040 Speaker 1: and it would basically just take a snapshot of whatever 360 00:21:23,080 --> 00:21:25,880 Speaker 1: it came in contact with. There might not have been 361 00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:30,440 Speaker 1: much adjustment to resolution, to depth, to focus anything like that. 362 00:21:30,720 --> 00:21:33,280 Speaker 1: It was just like, here, what do you expect. It's 363 00:21:33,320 --> 00:21:36,360 Speaker 1: the nineteen fifties, Give me a break. You're looking into 364 00:21:36,400 --> 00:21:39,720 Speaker 1: a human body using sound waves. Just be impressed with that. 365 00:21:40,240 --> 00:21:41,920 Speaker 1: But then as they started to figure out how to 366 00:21:41,960 --> 00:21:47,399 Speaker 1: add more and more crystals, into um an array. Yeah. Uh, 367 00:21:47,720 --> 00:21:49,840 Speaker 1: you can do all sorts of different things, and now 368 00:21:49,880 --> 00:21:52,879 Speaker 1: all of a sudden, your output of sound waves can 369 00:21:52,920 --> 00:21:56,159 Speaker 1: be adjusted crystal by crystal, and your input can be 370 00:21:56,200 --> 00:21:59,720 Speaker 1: adjusted crystal by crystal as well. So the resolution overall 371 00:22:00,320 --> 00:22:04,160 Speaker 1: is just magnificently improved since they started making a raise 372 00:22:04,240 --> 00:22:07,359 Speaker 1: of crystals in these transducer probes. Yeah, and you did 373 00:22:07,520 --> 00:22:09,720 Speaker 1: a nice little quickie overview of how it worked. But 374 00:22:09,800 --> 00:22:11,679 Speaker 1: I don't think we mentioned that it's based on a 375 00:22:11,720 --> 00:22:17,720 Speaker 1: principle called the piezo electric or pressure electricity effect. Yeah, 376 00:22:17,760 --> 00:22:19,920 Speaker 1: we didn't. Uh, and that's discovered by a couple of 377 00:22:20,000 --> 00:22:25,159 Speaker 1: dudes in the eighteen eighties, Pierre and Jacques Curie. Any relation. 378 00:22:25,240 --> 00:22:27,880 Speaker 1: I meant to look that up. Yeah. I think Pierre 379 00:22:28,320 --> 00:22:34,400 Speaker 1: is Marie Curi's husband, one of the two are. I'm 380 00:22:34,400 --> 00:22:36,560 Speaker 1: pretty sure it was Pierre. Yeah, and one of the 381 00:22:36,560 --> 00:22:40,200 Speaker 1: few times the wife has overshadowed the husband's accomplishments. Yes, 382 00:22:40,359 --> 00:22:43,680 Speaker 1: but all three of them were extremely accomplished. Yeah. I 383 00:22:43,680 --> 00:22:46,879 Speaker 1: don't want to knock the Curries. It's kind of tough too. 384 00:22:46,960 --> 00:22:51,119 Speaker 1: They actually contributed quite a bit. Um, I mean, how 385 00:22:51,160 --> 00:22:52,719 Speaker 1: much do you want to go over this again? How 386 00:22:52,800 --> 00:22:54,840 Speaker 1: much more detail do we do we want to throw 387 00:22:54,880 --> 00:22:57,880 Speaker 1: on people? I mean, I think we basically already explained it. 388 00:22:57,960 --> 00:23:01,000 Speaker 1: We just left out that it's called the Piazza electric effect, 389 00:23:01,280 --> 00:23:05,040 Speaker 1: which the Cury's discovered. I mean yeah, but again, ultimately, 390 00:23:05,040 --> 00:23:07,399 Speaker 1: you squeeze a crystal and then it makes a yelp, 391 00:23:07,520 --> 00:23:10,360 Speaker 1: and then it listens out and that whatever bounces back 392 00:23:10,400 --> 00:23:13,800 Speaker 1: gets converted into electricity. It's a it's a it's an 393 00:23:13,800 --> 00:23:18,439 Speaker 1: inherent property of irregularly shaped crystals. That is just astounding 394 00:23:18,480 --> 00:23:21,960 Speaker 1: that that actually happens, and maybe even more astounding that 395 00:23:22,680 --> 00:23:25,040 Speaker 1: humans figured out how to harness it to look inside 396 00:23:25,080 --> 00:23:28,920 Speaker 1: the body. Yeah, and you know, they're the two most 397 00:23:28,960 --> 00:23:32,760 Speaker 1: important parts are obviously that in the CPU and the 398 00:23:32,840 --> 00:23:36,040 Speaker 1: CPU to be able to figure out and this of 399 00:23:36,080 --> 00:23:39,320 Speaker 1: course just programmed to do so. It's not an emotional 400 00:23:39,359 --> 00:23:43,680 Speaker 1: living thing that that yet had a fire under its butt, right, 401 00:23:44,320 --> 00:23:47,760 Speaker 1: But the way that it figures out how to to 402 00:23:48,080 --> 00:23:52,639 Speaker 1: basically plot these uh, I mean, it's kind of plotting 403 00:23:52,680 --> 00:23:54,680 Speaker 1: densities is what it's doing at the end of the day, 404 00:23:54,680 --> 00:23:57,320 Speaker 1: don't you think. Yeah, for sure, based on the echoes 405 00:23:57,359 --> 00:24:00,680 Speaker 1: that come back in the distance of them, and um, yeah, 406 00:24:00,680 --> 00:24:04,440 Speaker 1: how how energetic the echo is because you know when 407 00:24:04,440 --> 00:24:07,200 Speaker 1: a when a frequency of sound or a wavelength hits 408 00:24:07,240 --> 00:24:10,919 Speaker 1: something UM and it's bounced back, it transfers some of 409 00:24:10,960 --> 00:24:14,200 Speaker 1: its energy. I don't think it's I don't want to 410 00:24:14,200 --> 00:24:16,240 Speaker 1: say this because we're going to get an email from 411 00:24:16,240 --> 00:24:18,439 Speaker 1: physics people, so let me just caveat it. With that, 412 00:24:19,560 --> 00:24:23,399 Speaker 1: I would be very surprised if there's any situation or 413 00:24:23,480 --> 00:24:27,000 Speaker 1: many situations, especially when you're talking about something is as 414 00:24:27,040 --> 00:24:30,679 Speaker 1: cluji as the human body UM where you're going to 415 00:24:30,720 --> 00:24:35,679 Speaker 1: get a dent reflection back, but based on the different 416 00:24:35,720 --> 00:24:38,840 Speaker 1: kinds of intensities that are received back into that crystal, 417 00:24:39,040 --> 00:24:41,240 Speaker 1: that those can be measured and you can map like, oh, 418 00:24:41,280 --> 00:24:44,800 Speaker 1: this is actually a very solid part compared to this 419 00:24:44,800 --> 00:24:47,880 Speaker 1: this part which now you can see as the edge 420 00:24:47,920 --> 00:24:50,440 Speaker 1: because it just kind of tapers off. Uh. And the 421 00:24:51,520 --> 00:24:54,320 Speaker 1: wavelength didn't bounce back quite as strongly because some of 422 00:24:54,359 --> 00:24:57,359 Speaker 1: it missed or some of it was absorbed. Yeah. And 423 00:24:57,400 --> 00:24:58,960 Speaker 1: the cool thing about all of this is it's done 424 00:24:59,000 --> 00:25:02,399 Speaker 1: in real time. It's not like they're doing this and 425 00:25:02,440 --> 00:25:04,520 Speaker 1: then a couple of days later you get your photo. 426 00:25:04,720 --> 00:25:07,520 Speaker 1: I mean, it's it's all right there. Uh. In the 427 00:25:07,520 --> 00:25:09,800 Speaker 1: case of a Sonograham and I guess every every use 428 00:25:09,840 --> 00:25:11,840 Speaker 1: of it, but that's the only one I've experienced personally. 429 00:25:12,840 --> 00:25:15,919 Speaker 1: It's right there on the monitor and um, you know 430 00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:18,440 Speaker 1: you you hear the little heart beating too, so it 431 00:25:18,560 --> 00:25:22,440 Speaker 1: actually um records sound as well. That's net and this 432 00:25:22,600 --> 00:25:26,440 Speaker 1: article didn't really touch on that. UM. But I that's 433 00:25:26,560 --> 00:25:30,480 Speaker 1: that's just astounding to me. It's like, um, that's the 434 00:25:30,600 --> 00:25:35,480 Speaker 1: most like sonar I think, is that. UM. I mean, 435 00:25:35,520 --> 00:25:38,320 Speaker 1: that's that's where some that's the same echo location is 436 00:25:38,359 --> 00:25:41,120 Speaker 1: all the basis of this right where you're you're making 437 00:25:41,119 --> 00:25:44,439 Speaker 1: a sound and then listening back for an echo. But 438 00:25:44,640 --> 00:25:47,119 Speaker 1: in this case, we we've figured out how to transfer 439 00:25:47,200 --> 00:25:50,600 Speaker 1: those those sounds that are what comes back into images. 440 00:25:50,960 --> 00:25:52,879 Speaker 1: But it would make sense that you could also just 441 00:25:53,200 --> 00:25:57,200 Speaker 1: maintain it as a sound too, right, Yeah, I mean 442 00:25:57,240 --> 00:25:59,920 Speaker 1: I would think so. I mean that's what a hydrophone is, 443 00:26:00,240 --> 00:26:03,919 Speaker 1: that it was underwater mics that also just listened to, 444 00:26:04,560 --> 00:26:08,600 Speaker 1: you know, sound. I'm a little stumped on that one, 445 00:26:08,640 --> 00:26:11,400 Speaker 1: I have to admit. Or maybe there's a tiny microphone 446 00:26:11,440 --> 00:26:17,600 Speaker 1: attached maybe so be quiet the microphones list. Uh No, 447 00:26:17,720 --> 00:26:20,760 Speaker 1: I think that's probably just a part of the programming 448 00:26:20,800 --> 00:26:25,040 Speaker 1: and maybe perhaps that is the easiest part. Perhaps so, 449 00:26:25,520 --> 00:26:28,160 Speaker 1: but I really feel like we should just come totally 450 00:26:28,200 --> 00:26:32,280 Speaker 1: clean and say that it was all educated guests, which 451 00:26:32,359 --> 00:26:34,359 Speaker 1: you can say is also just making up stuff on 452 00:26:34,359 --> 00:26:36,800 Speaker 1: the spot. Yeah, yeah, someone someone can correct us and 453 00:26:36,800 --> 00:26:39,320 Speaker 1: we'll read it out loud. Yeah, we'll read it out loud. 454 00:26:39,359 --> 00:26:41,760 Speaker 1: We do that kind of thing. So, like we said, 455 00:26:41,800 --> 00:26:45,880 Speaker 1: we've been talking about the two D variety. UM, they 456 00:26:45,920 --> 00:26:50,160 Speaker 1: they I guess this was around the mid to early 457 00:26:50,160 --> 00:26:53,680 Speaker 1: two thousand's because they talk about sort of the new 458 00:26:54,560 --> 00:26:59,800 Speaker 1: three D imaging UM and it's it's it's been around 459 00:26:59,840 --> 00:27:04,640 Speaker 1: for a while now, right, it's basically the standards three D, 460 00:27:04,680 --> 00:27:07,600 Speaker 1: although I think two D is still you know, very 461 00:27:07,640 --> 00:27:09,919 Speaker 1: much in use to you think two D is the 462 00:27:09,920 --> 00:27:13,160 Speaker 1: standard or maybe it has to do with how far 463 00:27:13,200 --> 00:27:16,719 Speaker 1: along as far as sonograms go right, or really what 464 00:27:16,800 --> 00:27:19,479 Speaker 1: they need to do, but the UM or how what 465 00:27:19,560 --> 00:27:21,760 Speaker 1: they need to see. I think it probably also depends 466 00:27:21,800 --> 00:27:25,280 Speaker 1: on that as well. UM. But the so two D 467 00:27:25,480 --> 00:27:27,679 Speaker 1: is that standard, the one that almost looks like an 468 00:27:27,760 --> 00:27:31,440 Speaker 1: X ray. It's basically a snapshot. It's kind of grainy. Um, 469 00:27:31,640 --> 00:27:34,960 Speaker 1: but that's that's what people think of as a standard. 470 00:27:34,960 --> 00:27:40,400 Speaker 1: Two D. UM sonogram or ultrasound picture. Then then you've 471 00:27:40,440 --> 00:27:44,640 Speaker 1: got UM three D, which is that comes out as 472 00:27:44,640 --> 00:27:48,160 Speaker 1: a result of the crystal arrays, right, So you can 473 00:27:48,240 --> 00:27:51,600 Speaker 1: you can change the frequency of the pulses that are 474 00:27:51,640 --> 00:27:54,600 Speaker 1: going out so you can sense things further away with 475 00:27:54,640 --> 00:27:58,119 Speaker 1: the slightly lower frequency ones and sense things closer with 476 00:27:58,240 --> 00:28:01,560 Speaker 1: the um the higher frequency ones. And the whole thing 477 00:28:01,640 --> 00:28:04,880 Speaker 1: puts these images together to create a three D picture. Yeah. 478 00:28:04,880 --> 00:28:07,640 Speaker 1: And like I said, if you've never seen a three 479 00:28:07,720 --> 00:28:11,040 Speaker 1: D picture, it ain't right from a sonogram. It's it's 480 00:28:11,080 --> 00:28:13,680 Speaker 1: pretty interesting. It's remarkable that they can get this level 481 00:28:13,680 --> 00:28:19,080 Speaker 1: of detail. Um. And part of it is surely to 482 00:28:19,280 --> 00:28:22,960 Speaker 1: delight parents to be. Um, there's no doubt about it. 483 00:28:23,000 --> 00:28:25,440 Speaker 1: But it's not just for that. It's not like, hey, 484 00:28:25,520 --> 00:28:29,239 Speaker 1: you want to see an even cooler creepy picture of 485 00:28:29,240 --> 00:28:32,000 Speaker 1: that developing circus peanut because we can we can do 486 00:28:32,040 --> 00:28:35,159 Speaker 1: that now. Um. It has a lot of uses. You 487 00:28:35,160 --> 00:28:38,160 Speaker 1: can there's a lot more detail. You can really assess 488 00:28:38,240 --> 00:28:42,720 Speaker 1: development of of limbs and the and the face of 489 00:28:42,800 --> 00:28:46,400 Speaker 1: the of the baby to be, and you can really 490 00:28:46,400 --> 00:28:49,840 Speaker 1: get in there and kind of see more with your 491 00:28:49,880 --> 00:28:52,520 Speaker 1: eyeballs what's going on. Well. Plus also I mean, if 492 00:28:52,560 --> 00:28:55,240 Speaker 1: you're looking for something like a tumor, it's much harder 493 00:28:55,320 --> 00:28:58,880 Speaker 1: to see a tumor in two dimensions as like black 494 00:28:58,920 --> 00:29:02,040 Speaker 1: and white shadows, then it is to see like a 495 00:29:02,120 --> 00:29:05,640 Speaker 1: three dimensional lump. So that's super helpful for three D 496 00:29:05,800 --> 00:29:09,800 Speaker 1: as well. UM. And then there's there's another mode called 497 00:29:10,400 --> 00:29:14,480 Speaker 1: M mode or motion mode, which I believe is basically 498 00:29:14,520 --> 00:29:17,120 Speaker 1: a bunch of two D images that are just taken 499 00:29:17,160 --> 00:29:21,280 Speaker 1: in such rapid succession that they are basically act like 500 00:29:21,320 --> 00:29:23,520 Speaker 1: a flip book or a video. So you can see 501 00:29:23,560 --> 00:29:27,640 Speaker 1: this in in basically real time or just slightly delayed 502 00:29:27,680 --> 00:29:30,880 Speaker 1: real time, because I know you kind of reference that 503 00:29:30,920 --> 00:29:35,040 Speaker 1: this is all happening like immediately, but like the pulses 504 00:29:35,080 --> 00:29:38,480 Speaker 1: that are being sent out and then returning are happening 505 00:29:38,520 --> 00:29:41,800 Speaker 1: on the order of like millions of a second, over 506 00:29:41,840 --> 00:29:44,920 Speaker 1: and over and over again. There's there's that kind of 507 00:29:44,960 --> 00:29:50,160 Speaker 1: old timey single beam that's a constant wavelength UM that's 508 00:29:50,160 --> 00:29:53,360 Speaker 1: not much in use. The new ones are just very 509 00:29:53,520 --> 00:29:57,840 Speaker 1: quick pulses that are shot out many many times in 510 00:29:57,880 --> 00:30:01,360 Speaker 1: a single second UM. And as those things are shot out, 511 00:30:02,040 --> 00:30:06,320 Speaker 1: the stuff is returning just mind bogglingly quickly to UM. 512 00:30:06,440 --> 00:30:09,239 Speaker 1: The crystals to be turned into data. Now that's not 513 00:30:09,320 --> 00:30:13,360 Speaker 1: the Doppler one, is it. No, the Doppler actually uses 514 00:30:13,400 --> 00:30:16,480 Speaker 1: a steady beam. From what I read, Yeah, so the 515 00:30:16,560 --> 00:30:20,400 Speaker 1: Doppler ultrasound it's mainly used UM to to find out 516 00:30:20,720 --> 00:30:22,040 Speaker 1: I mean, I'm sure they can use it for more 517 00:30:22,080 --> 00:30:23,840 Speaker 1: than one thing, but it seems like the major uses 518 00:30:23,880 --> 00:30:26,880 Speaker 1: to measure your blood flow rate UM and go to 519 00:30:26,880 --> 00:30:29,760 Speaker 1: your heart. They can go to your major arteries and 520 00:30:29,800 --> 00:30:32,160 Speaker 1: they can basically see if you've got any kind of 521 00:30:32,160 --> 00:30:36,760 Speaker 1: blood flow problems because it's measuring a moving thing going 522 00:30:36,800 --> 00:30:39,280 Speaker 1: through your body. Yeah, and it actually looks like a 523 00:30:39,320 --> 00:30:41,760 Speaker 1: weather map where they use Doppler radar. I mean most 524 00:30:41,760 --> 00:30:45,240 Speaker 1: people see Doppler radar used for things like uh, um, 525 00:30:45,400 --> 00:30:49,000 Speaker 1: tornado or something like that to show different wind speeds. 526 00:30:49,040 --> 00:30:51,560 Speaker 1: So like the different flow speeds of the blood flow 527 00:30:51,600 --> 00:30:53,600 Speaker 1: will be different colors and they can read that and 528 00:30:53,640 --> 00:30:56,680 Speaker 1: be like, oh, you're your blood flowing nicely, right, you 529 00:30:56,760 --> 00:31:01,120 Speaker 1: got no problems, right Doppler. So I feel like we 530 00:31:01,120 --> 00:31:03,760 Speaker 1: should take another break. Huh. Oh my gosh, this is 531 00:31:03,800 --> 00:31:06,000 Speaker 1: so thrilling that I think we need to to catch 532 00:31:06,040 --> 00:31:07,720 Speaker 1: our breath. All right, we'll talk about some of the 533 00:31:07,760 --> 00:31:09,520 Speaker 1: other things. That you can do with a miracle machine. 534 00:31:09,600 --> 00:31:33,719 Speaker 1: Right after this, you know, Chuck, it really gives me 535 00:31:33,880 --> 00:31:43,320 Speaker 1: a tremendous amount of um comfort, hope, Uh, goodwill, m um, 536 00:31:43,360 --> 00:31:46,479 Speaker 1: all sorts of stuff like that that we've come up 537 00:31:46,520 --> 00:31:51,760 Speaker 1: in our twelfth year with another name for a machine, 538 00:31:51,840 --> 00:31:55,040 Speaker 1: like we had Wonder Machine basically from the beginning. I 539 00:31:55,080 --> 00:31:58,200 Speaker 1: think so and here we are in year twelve and 540 00:31:58,240 --> 00:32:02,640 Speaker 1: we've just named another machine, that acal machine. So we've 541 00:32:02,680 --> 00:32:05,080 Speaker 1: talked enough. I think about well, we're gonna talk a 542 00:32:05,120 --> 00:32:08,640 Speaker 1: little bit more about it, about obstetic obstetric man. I 543 00:32:08,680 --> 00:32:14,120 Speaker 1: knew I was going to do that obstetrics. And when 544 00:32:14,120 --> 00:32:15,840 Speaker 1: you go in there, like I said, part of it 545 00:32:15,880 --> 00:32:18,240 Speaker 1: is to delight parents to be and say, here it is. 546 00:32:18,280 --> 00:32:22,880 Speaker 1: Everything's going, heartbeat is strong, everything's happening. But they're also 547 00:32:22,920 --> 00:32:25,040 Speaker 1: doing all sorts of things. They measure the size of 548 00:32:25,080 --> 00:32:28,320 Speaker 1: the fetus. Um. They use a mouse to sort of 549 00:32:28,360 --> 00:32:33,280 Speaker 1: click around and measure different distances. Uh, they determine do date. Uh. 550 00:32:33,360 --> 00:32:34,760 Speaker 1: They want to make sure that fetus is in the 551 00:32:34,840 --> 00:32:37,840 Speaker 1: right position. Uh. They want to make sure the placenta 552 00:32:37,880 --> 00:32:40,040 Speaker 1: is in the right position. They want to see how 553 00:32:40,040 --> 00:32:42,040 Speaker 1: many fetuses there are in there. That's when you get 554 00:32:42,080 --> 00:32:44,720 Speaker 1: the old By the way, I did not know if 555 00:32:44,760 --> 00:32:46,520 Speaker 1: you knew this, but there are actually three living things 556 00:32:46,560 --> 00:32:53,000 Speaker 1: inside of you right now or eight uh so growth rate. Um, 557 00:32:53,360 --> 00:32:58,120 Speaker 1: you can detect the ectopic pregnant pregnancies this way. It's 558 00:32:58,120 --> 00:33:00,240 Speaker 1: a very big one. UM. That is when the baby 559 00:33:00,360 --> 00:33:02,920 Speaker 1: is implanted in the flopian tubes instead of in the uterus, 560 00:33:02,920 --> 00:33:05,600 Speaker 1: and that means it is not a viable pregnancy, right, 561 00:33:05,720 --> 00:33:09,280 Speaker 1: so the life threatening for the mom. What else amniotic fluid. 562 00:33:09,280 --> 00:33:12,680 Speaker 1: You gotta make sure that there's enough cushion around that baby. Yeah, 563 00:33:12,720 --> 00:33:17,200 Speaker 1: for the pushing, well yeah, actually that's eventually yeah. Uh 564 00:33:17,240 --> 00:33:20,520 Speaker 1: and then uh if you want to say, go in 565 00:33:20,600 --> 00:33:22,800 Speaker 1: and take a sample of the amniotic fluid, which you 566 00:33:22,840 --> 00:33:25,840 Speaker 1: can do a lot of things by um sampling amniotic 567 00:33:25,880 --> 00:33:29,560 Speaker 1: fluid to test um. So there's a lot of reasons 568 00:33:29,600 --> 00:33:33,240 Speaker 1: to go in and draw some amniotic fluid. I don't 569 00:33:33,280 --> 00:33:35,960 Speaker 1: know why I'm trying to convince everybody that that there's 570 00:33:36,040 --> 00:33:38,720 Speaker 1: reasons to take samples of amniotic fluid. Just trust me, 571 00:33:38,760 --> 00:33:41,280 Speaker 1: there is. But at the same time, you can sit 572 00:33:41,320 --> 00:33:45,800 Speaker 1: there and look into the into the womb. The womb 573 00:33:45,840 --> 00:33:48,600 Speaker 1: is okay, right, I'm not like using some archaic and 574 00:33:48,840 --> 00:33:52,680 Speaker 1: now offensive term. Am I think? So? Okay, I don't 575 00:33:52,680 --> 00:33:54,680 Speaker 1: think so either. If I am, please forgive me. I'm 576 00:33:54,720 --> 00:33:58,239 Speaker 1: genuinely unaware of that. So school me if I'm if 577 00:33:58,280 --> 00:34:01,400 Speaker 1: I'm wrong, Like, oh, think so anyway, it's called a 578 00:34:01,440 --> 00:34:05,240 Speaker 1: baby box these days, my friend? Right exactly? Yeah, Um, 579 00:34:05,360 --> 00:34:07,480 Speaker 1: so if you want to keep an eye on the 580 00:34:07,520 --> 00:34:10,920 Speaker 1: baby box while you're getting a sample of the amniotic 581 00:34:10,960 --> 00:34:13,760 Speaker 1: fluid to make sure you're not accidentally poking the baby, 582 00:34:13,800 --> 00:34:17,080 Speaker 1: that's the ultrasound is really effective for that. Man, Can 583 00:34:17,120 --> 00:34:20,400 Speaker 1: you believe they used to do that blindly? I was 584 00:34:20,480 --> 00:34:24,880 Speaker 1: reading an article about using ultrasound to guide um spinal 585 00:34:24,960 --> 00:34:30,280 Speaker 1: tap insertions, and this article said that that the authors 586 00:34:30,320 --> 00:34:34,680 Speaker 1: believed that even though that you can use ultrasound for this, 587 00:34:34,760 --> 00:34:38,920 Speaker 1: now that the technology is widely available, most neurosurgeons prefer 588 00:34:39,040 --> 00:34:42,880 Speaker 1: to just go in blind because it's more thrilling. Seriously, 589 00:34:43,239 --> 00:34:46,560 Speaker 1: this was an academic journal article that I was reading, 590 00:34:46,600 --> 00:34:49,359 Speaker 1: and they just said it. So they crack open some 591 00:34:51,680 --> 00:34:58,160 Speaker 1: snippett and then go in there, Yeah, wearing a Hawaiian shirt. Uh, 592 00:34:58,360 --> 00:35:00,799 Speaker 1: what else can you do? You can use the for cardiology, 593 00:35:00,840 --> 00:35:03,200 Speaker 1: we talked about the blood flow but you can also 594 00:35:04,160 --> 00:35:07,360 Speaker 1: literally say, hey, is there something going on inside of 595 00:35:07,360 --> 00:35:11,360 Speaker 1: your heart, let's go look yep. Um, and especially with 596 00:35:11,440 --> 00:35:14,680 Speaker 1: three D and real time stuff like you like, it's 597 00:35:14,760 --> 00:35:16,759 Speaker 1: it's one thing to say, okay, well the shape of 598 00:35:16,760 --> 00:35:19,160 Speaker 1: your heart looks pretty good, or the flow of your 599 00:35:19,160 --> 00:35:21,600 Speaker 1: blood looks pretty good. But thanks to that M mode, 600 00:35:21,640 --> 00:35:24,440 Speaker 1: so you can see it in motion, you can actually 601 00:35:24,560 --> 00:35:27,120 Speaker 1: see make sure that the valves are opening and closing 602 00:35:27,160 --> 00:35:30,360 Speaker 1: correctly in the right the right time. Like it's basically 603 00:35:30,400 --> 00:35:33,160 Speaker 1: just peeking in real time onto the operations of your 604 00:35:33,560 --> 00:35:36,840 Speaker 1: of your body using M mode. It's pretty pretty amazing stuff. 605 00:35:36,880 --> 00:35:39,239 Speaker 1: It's amazing. We also said, of course you can see 606 00:35:39,320 --> 00:35:41,640 Speaker 1: kidney stones, which, by the way, I think we should 607 00:35:41,640 --> 00:35:44,359 Speaker 1: do an episode on kidney stones eventually. Have you ever 608 00:35:44,400 --> 00:35:47,120 Speaker 1: had one? I don't want to say, because I don't 609 00:35:47,120 --> 00:35:49,640 Speaker 1: want to jinx myself. Okay, so you haven't, but you 610 00:35:49,680 --> 00:35:53,480 Speaker 1: fear it. Yes, that's it's a way to put it from. Yeah, 611 00:35:53,480 --> 00:35:56,959 Speaker 1: I've never had a kidney stone either um or gall stones. 612 00:35:57,000 --> 00:35:59,880 Speaker 1: I've never had any stones inside me. I've heard that 613 00:36:00,040 --> 00:36:04,719 Speaker 1: getting those out is quite the ride. Yes, um, you 614 00:36:04,760 --> 00:36:07,480 Speaker 1: can also measure blood flow through the kidneys to you 615 00:36:07,480 --> 00:36:11,520 Speaker 1: can detect prostate cancer. You can see lumps on the prostate. UM, 616 00:36:11,560 --> 00:36:13,959 Speaker 1: that's one of those instances where they will be using 617 00:36:13,960 --> 00:36:18,640 Speaker 1: the wand UM. Yeah. So I also said earlier on 618 00:36:18,840 --> 00:36:24,480 Speaker 1: Chuck that, um, they're getting smaller and higher resolution and 619 00:36:24,520 --> 00:36:27,320 Speaker 1: more portable and one of the places that ultrasound machines 620 00:36:27,320 --> 00:36:29,239 Speaker 1: are showing to pop up more and more. And I 621 00:36:29,280 --> 00:36:31,760 Speaker 1: think now it's probably just a matter of course based 622 00:36:31,760 --> 00:36:35,040 Speaker 1: on how old this article is, but in emergency rooms 623 00:36:35,200 --> 00:36:38,520 Speaker 1: they're starting to really become kind of par for the course. 624 00:36:38,800 --> 00:36:41,319 Speaker 1: So like if somebody shows up and says, like, you know, 625 00:36:41,640 --> 00:36:45,319 Speaker 1: they're doubled over in abdominal pain, rather than sending them 626 00:36:45,320 --> 00:36:49,719 Speaker 1: to surgery or um even up to radiology, they will 627 00:36:49,960 --> 00:36:53,080 Speaker 1: they will just apply in ultrasound there and be like, oh, yeah, 628 00:36:53,120 --> 00:36:58,319 Speaker 1: you've got to ruptured stomach, so we need to we 629 00:36:58,360 --> 00:37:00,960 Speaker 1: need to get we need to get that. They say, 630 00:37:01,040 --> 00:37:03,680 Speaker 1: Now I wish I would have rushed you into surgery. 631 00:37:03,880 --> 00:37:08,560 Speaker 1: I need a second opinion. Uh yeah, ultrasounds are safe. 632 00:37:08,800 --> 00:37:11,920 Speaker 1: Um there. You know, there have been questions because anytime 633 00:37:11,920 --> 00:37:16,959 Speaker 1: you're applying heat and energy near organs, like very close 634 00:37:16,960 --> 00:37:19,879 Speaker 1: to organs, sometimes you've got to really kind of consider this, 635 00:37:20,400 --> 00:37:22,440 Speaker 1: and there have been some reports here and there of 636 00:37:22,480 --> 00:37:26,759 Speaker 1: low birth weight babies if you have had frequent ultrasounds 637 00:37:26,880 --> 00:37:31,520 Speaker 1: during your pregnancy. But um, they have basically come out 638 00:37:31,520 --> 00:37:34,520 Speaker 1: and say ultrasounds are safe. But sort of like an 639 00:37:34,640 --> 00:37:36,879 Speaker 1: X ray, you don't want to come in here every 640 00:37:36,880 --> 00:37:39,239 Speaker 1: other day and get one. You want to only do 641 00:37:39,280 --> 00:37:42,239 Speaker 1: it when when it's necessary because there is heat. Uh, 642 00:37:42,280 --> 00:37:45,839 Speaker 1: and apparently the formation of bubbles because of this heat 643 00:37:45,840 --> 00:37:50,080 Speaker 1: when dissolved gases come out of that solution. Um, you 644 00:37:50,120 --> 00:37:53,759 Speaker 1: know that's a thing. But that they are safe, yeah, 645 00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:56,879 Speaker 1: I mean, we've been using it for sixty seventy years now, 646 00:37:57,440 --> 00:38:00,360 Speaker 1: and there's been plenty of chance for if that's an issue, 647 00:38:00,440 --> 00:38:03,560 Speaker 1: for it to become obvious and evident with I mean, 648 00:38:03,640 --> 00:38:06,600 Speaker 1: it's it just seems like it's very safe. I did 649 00:38:06,680 --> 00:38:09,839 Speaker 1: see that there. This article says that there's not been 650 00:38:09,880 --> 00:38:13,239 Speaker 1: any documented studies that show harm in animals, and that's 651 00:38:12,880 --> 00:38:16,920 Speaker 1: that's not true. Actually, there are animal studies that have 652 00:38:17,000 --> 00:38:23,520 Speaker 1: shown that exposure to some kinds of ultrasound, typically continuous wave, 653 00:38:23,880 --> 00:38:28,600 Speaker 1: which is just a concentrated beam of energy, that that 654 00:38:28,640 --> 00:38:33,000 Speaker 1: can actually cause um thermal heating, which is not good. UM. 655 00:38:33,080 --> 00:38:35,240 Speaker 1: And then there. I found another study from two thousand 656 00:38:35,280 --> 00:38:41,040 Speaker 1: seventeen that said some kinds, especially continuous wave, but also 657 00:38:41,600 --> 00:38:47,880 Speaker 1: super um super quickly pulsed ultrasound has shown that it 658 00:38:47,920 --> 00:38:51,960 Speaker 1: can break up DNA strands. Interesting, which is weird because 659 00:38:52,000 --> 00:38:53,840 Speaker 1: like that's one of the things that people have always 660 00:38:53,880 --> 00:38:56,759 Speaker 1: pointed to is well, this is just mechanical energy. It's 661 00:38:56,760 --> 00:38:59,719 Speaker 1: not going to damage your DNA like ionizing radiation. Is 662 00:39:00,160 --> 00:39:03,640 Speaker 1: pretty it's a pretty startling revelation. And they actually said 663 00:39:03,680 --> 00:39:06,040 Speaker 1: in the article, you know again, it was an academic 664 00:39:06,120 --> 00:39:08,880 Speaker 1: journal article. I can't remember which one, UM, but it 665 00:39:09,000 --> 00:39:12,239 Speaker 1: said like this is going to be of um like 666 00:39:12,280 --> 00:39:14,800 Speaker 1: a lot of interest to a bunch of different fields 667 00:39:14,840 --> 00:39:17,880 Speaker 1: because we didn't know this before. Yeah, that is interesting. 668 00:39:18,480 --> 00:39:22,400 Speaker 1: Is it time to read the Franz Kafka Guide to 669 00:39:22,600 --> 00:39:26,439 Speaker 1: getting a ultrasound? Yes? I also want to say chuck 670 00:39:26,520 --> 00:39:32,239 Speaker 1: before we do, though, um the there again, there's basically 671 00:39:32,280 --> 00:39:37,279 Speaker 1: no evidence that there is harm that comes from ultrasound 672 00:39:37,320 --> 00:39:42,560 Speaker 1: exams in obstet and obstetrics UM, especially when it's done 673 00:39:42,640 --> 00:39:47,280 Speaker 1: by a trained person. Oh sure, Yeah, it doesn't sound 674 00:39:47,320 --> 00:39:50,680 Speaker 1: like it's anything to be worried about. Overall, I didn't 675 00:39:50,680 --> 00:39:53,879 Speaker 1: want to scare anybody unnecessarily. You shouldn't or people should 676 00:39:53,920 --> 00:39:57,879 Speaker 1: not be alright, and you shouldn't both. Yeah, alright, So 677 00:39:58,239 --> 00:40:04,080 Speaker 1: Franz Kafkas guy to getting an a or sound. Number one. Man, 678 00:40:04,160 --> 00:40:06,080 Speaker 1: if we could get Verner Hurtsog to read this list, 679 00:40:06,160 --> 00:40:08,560 Speaker 1: that would just be amazing. We've got a pretty good 680 00:40:08,719 --> 00:40:11,600 Speaker 1: uh runner up in the room. Nol does a great job. 681 00:40:11,600 --> 00:40:14,399 Speaker 1: I should we should get Nolan here. We can double 682 00:40:14,440 --> 00:40:19,000 Speaker 1: them in. Uh. Number one is to remove your clothes, okay. 683 00:40:19,920 --> 00:40:23,759 Speaker 1: Number two is the ultra sonographer drapes the cloth over 684 00:40:23,800 --> 00:40:28,600 Speaker 1: any exposed areas that are not needed for the exam. Right, okay, 685 00:40:29,160 --> 00:40:34,680 Speaker 1: check number three. Uh, we should really get PAULA Thompkins 686 00:40:34,760 --> 00:40:37,880 Speaker 1: if we want to do this right. Actually, why what 687 00:40:37,920 --> 00:40:40,080 Speaker 1: would he do? Well? He does a great Verner Hertzog. 688 00:40:41,320 --> 00:40:44,239 Speaker 1: We should just get Verner hurt Zog. Yeah, man, he's 689 00:40:44,280 --> 00:40:51,560 Speaker 1: down for whatever. It seems like? What stuff? Should I know? Uh? 690 00:40:51,640 --> 00:40:56,439 Speaker 1: The ultrasonographer applies a mineral oil based jelly to your skin, 691 00:40:57,760 --> 00:41:00,320 Speaker 1: doesn't say this or to the condom on the robe. 692 00:41:01,040 --> 00:41:03,319 Speaker 1: The jelly eliminates air between the probe and your skin 693 00:41:03,400 --> 00:41:05,920 Speaker 1: to help pass the sound waves into your body. Yeah, 694 00:41:05,960 --> 00:41:08,960 Speaker 1: and if You're lucky. They're using a Siemens Sequoia brand 695 00:41:09,239 --> 00:41:13,839 Speaker 1: ultrasound machine, which has an onboard gel heater. That's right. 696 00:41:14,239 --> 00:41:17,840 Speaker 1: Are they giving you money? No, okay, I want some 697 00:41:17,840 --> 00:41:21,680 Speaker 1: of that Semens money. Hey man, they got there loaded. 698 00:41:22,880 --> 00:41:26,360 Speaker 1: They're one of those companies that kind of make everything right. Yeah. Yeah. 699 00:41:26,480 --> 00:41:28,759 Speaker 1: What if they did hear this and reached out to 700 00:41:28,880 --> 00:41:31,200 Speaker 1: us and we're like, hey, we really appreciate it. We're 701 00:41:31,200 --> 00:41:34,160 Speaker 1: sending you guys each an ultrasound machine. Hey man, I 702 00:41:34,200 --> 00:41:36,760 Speaker 1: got it, can go with my I've got a Siemens brand. 703 00:41:37,440 --> 00:41:42,520 Speaker 1: Uh car charger, electric car charger, you go. I'll bet 704 00:41:42,560 --> 00:41:44,520 Speaker 1: that's something that was left off this list. You can 705 00:41:44,640 --> 00:41:48,520 Speaker 1: charge a car with a decent ultrasound or at the 706 00:41:48,600 --> 00:41:53,160 Speaker 1: very least jump one off. It's it's got jumper. Uh. 707 00:41:53,239 --> 00:41:56,960 Speaker 1: The ultrasonographer covers the probe with a plastic cover. That's 708 00:41:57,000 --> 00:42:01,000 Speaker 1: the condom. Uh he slash she and I'm gonna add 709 00:42:01,040 --> 00:42:05,320 Speaker 1: slash day pass the probe over your skin to obtain 710 00:42:05,360 --> 00:42:07,719 Speaker 1: the required images. Depending on the type of exam, the 711 00:42:07,760 --> 00:42:12,480 Speaker 1: probe maybe inserted into you. You want to finish up 712 00:42:12,520 --> 00:42:14,640 Speaker 1: here with the last few Oh no, you're doing great, 713 00:42:14,680 --> 00:42:17,120 Speaker 1: all right? Number six. You may be asked to change position, 714 00:42:17,480 --> 00:42:20,360 Speaker 1: change positions to get a better looks at the area 715 00:42:20,360 --> 00:42:24,440 Speaker 1: of interest. Okay, here here, here's two thousand and eight 716 00:42:24,480 --> 00:42:27,080 Speaker 1: popping up again. Number seven. After the images have been 717 00:42:27,120 --> 00:42:30,840 Speaker 1: acquired and measurements taken, the data is stored on a disk. 718 00:42:31,560 --> 00:42:35,239 Speaker 1: You may get a hard copy of the images. They 719 00:42:35,280 --> 00:42:38,440 Speaker 1: may write and sharpie what it is on the disk 720 00:42:38,560 --> 00:42:42,920 Speaker 1: even and then yeah, this is where it starts to 721 00:42:42,920 --> 00:42:45,919 Speaker 1: take a kind of a dark turn. Number eight you're 722 00:42:45,960 --> 00:42:51,520 Speaker 1: given a towelet to clean up. And number nine, I 723 00:42:51,560 --> 00:42:54,920 Speaker 1: can't believe he's actually on the list. You get dressed. 724 00:42:57,440 --> 00:43:01,120 Speaker 1: It's just like the grimmest list of procedures you've ever 725 00:43:01,160 --> 00:43:03,360 Speaker 1: heard of. And they stop at nine. Number ten should 726 00:43:03,360 --> 00:43:05,879 Speaker 1: have been. Then you go give them your credit card 727 00:43:05,920 --> 00:43:08,920 Speaker 1: and pay your co pay. Number eleven. You walk out 728 00:43:08,920 --> 00:43:12,200 Speaker 1: to the parking to the parking lot. Number twelve, walk 729 00:43:12,280 --> 00:43:15,480 Speaker 1: back in because you forgot to get validated. Number thirteen. 730 00:43:15,600 --> 00:43:17,040 Speaker 1: Check your back seat and make sure there are no 731 00:43:17,080 --> 00:43:22,120 Speaker 1: creeps there, right. Number fourteen removed the creep that you found. Wow, 732 00:43:22,920 --> 00:43:26,160 Speaker 1: the last so um, we're talking about the future of 733 00:43:26,239 --> 00:43:30,000 Speaker 1: ultrasound and this this, uh, this article isn't really captured. 734 00:43:30,080 --> 00:43:32,399 Speaker 1: So I started to look around. I found, weirdly enough, 735 00:43:32,560 --> 00:43:36,680 Speaker 1: a list of cutting edge ultrasound stuff on the in 736 00:43:36,719 --> 00:43:40,680 Speaker 1: the Daily Mail of all places and UM. The list 737 00:43:40,719 --> 00:43:42,960 Speaker 1: is actually terrible because it was Daily Mail article. But 738 00:43:42,960 --> 00:43:45,720 Speaker 1: one thing that they did talk about was tractor beams 739 00:43:45,960 --> 00:43:48,560 Speaker 1: that they figured out that you can actually lift UM 740 00:43:48,719 --> 00:43:50,959 Speaker 1: something as small as a beat. At this point using 741 00:43:51,000 --> 00:43:55,880 Speaker 1: sound waves. You would think kind of like Star Wars, 742 00:43:55,880 --> 00:43:58,440 Speaker 1: but no, not at all. It's actually levitating more than 743 00:43:59,120 --> 00:44:01,279 Speaker 1: a tractor beam. Actor beam makes it sound like you're 744 00:44:01,320 --> 00:44:04,279 Speaker 1: pulling something upward towards you. This is actually raising it 745 00:44:04,360 --> 00:44:06,360 Speaker 1: up away from you. But there are all sorts of 746 00:44:06,360 --> 00:44:10,279 Speaker 1: applications for this, especially in water, because you can use 747 00:44:10,360 --> 00:44:13,560 Speaker 1: these sounds in the different arrays UM and the different 748 00:44:13,560 --> 00:44:16,600 Speaker 1: configurations of a race to move something left or right. 749 00:44:16,960 --> 00:44:19,799 Speaker 1: It's called steering the beam, and they actually use it 750 00:44:19,840 --> 00:44:22,960 Speaker 1: for UM for ultrasound imaging too. But you can actually 751 00:44:22,960 --> 00:44:25,480 Speaker 1: move things like say an oil slick. You could kind 752 00:44:25,480 --> 00:44:29,080 Speaker 1: of basically drive it into shore, away from shore to 753 00:44:29,160 --> 00:44:32,000 Speaker 1: some other place where you want to capture. Actually pretty 754 00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:36,799 Speaker 1: cool applications for it. UM. In medicine, they've figured out 755 00:44:36,880 --> 00:44:39,920 Speaker 1: that if you give somebody a drug, say, like a 756 00:44:40,000 --> 00:44:44,680 Speaker 1: chemotherapy drug. Um, some of those chemotherapy drugs only partially 757 00:44:44,800 --> 00:44:48,000 Speaker 1: cross the blood brain barrier, so they're only partially effective. 758 00:44:48,040 --> 00:44:50,880 Speaker 1: The rest just gets metabolized and and you pee it 759 00:44:50,920 --> 00:44:53,600 Speaker 1: out or whatever. So they figured out that if you 760 00:44:53,640 --> 00:44:57,200 Speaker 1: give somebody a chemotherapy drug and then blast their brain 761 00:44:58,160 --> 00:45:02,440 Speaker 1: with an ultrasound machine, seen, it will push the drugs 762 00:45:02,480 --> 00:45:06,560 Speaker 1: past the blood brain barrier into your brain and they'll 763 00:45:06,640 --> 00:45:10,000 Speaker 1: they'll be that much more effective. I thought that was 764 00:45:10,000 --> 00:45:12,840 Speaker 1: pretty cool too. There was a man who was um 765 00:45:12,880 --> 00:45:16,600 Speaker 1: awakened from a coma because the doctor, for some reason 766 00:45:16,640 --> 00:45:20,440 Speaker 1: blast is hypothalamus with a continuous wave beam of ultrasound. 767 00:45:21,000 --> 00:45:23,480 Speaker 1: But even the doctor was like, this may have been coincidence, 768 00:45:23,560 --> 00:45:26,880 Speaker 1: but you know, I don't know, man. It seems like 769 00:45:26,880 --> 00:45:30,680 Speaker 1: they're all sorts of applications that are just starting to 770 00:45:30,760 --> 00:45:34,200 Speaker 1: tap into. Yeah, I've got a couple more. Let's hear them. 771 00:45:34,840 --> 00:45:42,160 Speaker 1: Ultrasound assisted lipa suction basically burning up fat cells. Yes, 772 00:45:42,600 --> 00:45:45,040 Speaker 1: but that really kind of points out that, yeah, this 773 00:45:45,120 --> 00:45:47,600 Speaker 1: actually can create heat, because that's what they're doing is 774 00:45:47,600 --> 00:45:50,960 Speaker 1: melting fat cells using sound, which is the thing. But 775 00:45:51,000 --> 00:45:53,759 Speaker 1: then they've also figured out that depending on the frequency 776 00:45:53,840 --> 00:45:57,920 Speaker 1: of the sound um of the sound wave. It can 777 00:45:57,960 --> 00:46:02,200 Speaker 1: actually stimulate grow can function in cells. So they found 778 00:46:02,200 --> 00:46:05,399 Speaker 1: that like persistent wounds like ulcers and things like that, 779 00:46:05,760 --> 00:46:08,200 Speaker 1: you can actually stimulate them to heal by hitting them 780 00:46:08,200 --> 00:46:13,320 Speaker 1: with sound waves. Yeah, I love it. Is there anything 781 00:46:13,400 --> 00:46:17,279 Speaker 1: an ultrasound machine can't do, Chuck, I don't know. I 782 00:46:17,320 --> 00:46:19,440 Speaker 1: do know, and I'll tell you what the answer that is. 783 00:46:19,520 --> 00:46:23,279 Speaker 1: And it's no. You got anything else? I got nothing 784 00:46:23,280 --> 00:46:25,920 Speaker 1: else but a listener mail. Okay, Well that's it for 785 00:46:26,160 --> 00:46:31,480 Speaker 1: ultrasounds forty seven minutes. That's impressive. Uh. Since I said 786 00:46:31,520 --> 00:46:37,200 Speaker 1: it's impressive, it's time for listener mail. Hi guys, I 787 00:46:37,239 --> 00:46:39,440 Speaker 1: am an eleven year old boy from the West Coast. 788 00:46:40,040 --> 00:46:42,480 Speaker 1: My parents introduced me to your podcast a few years ago, 789 00:46:42,520 --> 00:46:46,359 Speaker 1: and I became interested in podcast and podcasting because of you. 790 00:46:47,200 --> 00:46:51,120 Speaker 1: I've recently started my own podcast called A Child's Perspective 791 00:46:51,520 --> 00:46:56,399 Speaker 1: of Current Events Nights. It sounds wonderful, it does. I'm 792 00:46:56,400 --> 00:46:58,200 Speaker 1: gonna check it out. I haven't had a chance to 793 00:46:58,239 --> 00:47:00,719 Speaker 1: listen yet, Dagan, but you said I would love it 794 00:47:00,719 --> 00:47:03,760 Speaker 1: if you had mentioned my podcast during your listener mail section. 795 00:47:03,800 --> 00:47:07,520 Speaker 1: It would really help boost my audience. H Slash monthly listeners. 796 00:47:07,880 --> 00:47:09,359 Speaker 1: Thank you for your time. I really hope you will 797 00:47:09,360 --> 00:47:12,319 Speaker 1: consider mentioning me on your podcast. And that is from 798 00:47:12,560 --> 00:47:17,160 Speaker 1: Dagon Hofeld and again it's called A Child's Perspective of 799 00:47:17,200 --> 00:47:20,839 Speaker 1: Current Events. I love that straightforward name. It's like stuff 800 00:47:20,880 --> 00:47:22,960 Speaker 1: you should know. It says it all. It definitely is 801 00:47:22,960 --> 00:47:25,120 Speaker 1: in the same wheelhouse for sure. Yeah, but it's not 802 00:47:25,200 --> 00:47:27,440 Speaker 1: derivative in any way. No, no, no, not like it. 803 00:47:27,480 --> 00:47:30,880 Speaker 1: It's it's just in it's perfect simplicity. Yeah, I love it, 804 00:47:30,880 --> 00:47:33,560 Speaker 1: and I'm gonna give that a listen this afternoon, Dagan 805 00:47:33,640 --> 00:47:35,200 Speaker 1: and see how you're doing. And if you need any 806 00:47:35,200 --> 00:47:37,600 Speaker 1: other advice just let us know. But so far, the 807 00:47:37,960 --> 00:47:41,040 Speaker 1: you've done the smartest thing, which was to get someone 808 00:47:41,160 --> 00:47:44,760 Speaker 1: on a super popular podcast to talk about your podcast. 809 00:47:44,760 --> 00:47:47,440 Speaker 1: That stuff one it helps. Hopefully you'll get an s 810 00:47:47,560 --> 00:47:49,279 Speaker 1: y s K bump out of this. And I'm gonna 811 00:47:49,280 --> 00:47:54,000 Speaker 1: go listen to Dagan. So thanks for letting us now, right, yeah, right, 812 00:47:54,360 --> 00:47:58,360 Speaker 1: If you want to go check out Dagan's podcast, go 813 00:47:58,480 --> 00:48:01,600 Speaker 1: do that. It's called A child Perspective on Current Events. 814 00:48:01,920 --> 00:48:04,160 Speaker 1: It's so great. And in the meantime, if you want 815 00:48:04,200 --> 00:48:05,759 Speaker 1: to get in touch with this, you can send us 816 00:48:05,760 --> 00:48:08,319 Speaker 1: an email like Dagan did, wrap it up spanking on 817 00:48:08,360 --> 00:48:11,000 Speaker 1: the bottom, and send it off to Stuff podcast at 818 00:48:11,040 --> 00:48:16,759 Speaker 1: iHeart radio dot com. Stuff you Should Know is a 819 00:48:16,760 --> 00:48:19,880 Speaker 1: production of iHeart Radios. How stuff works for more podcasts 820 00:48:19,880 --> 00:48:21,799 Speaker 1: for my heart radio because at the iHeart Radio app, 821 00:48:21,880 --> 00:48:24,520 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.