1 00:00:09,039 --> 00:00:12,160 Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to Sabor production of iHeartRadio. I'm Anny Rees. 2 00:00:12,119 --> 00:00:14,560 Speaker 2: And I'm Lauren Vogelbaum, and today we have an episode 3 00:00:14,560 --> 00:00:16,400 Speaker 2: for you about violets. 4 00:00:17,040 --> 00:00:21,680 Speaker 1: Yes. I always love our flower episodes, even though they're 5 00:00:22,600 --> 00:00:25,000 Speaker 1: a little bit difficult to pin down. 6 00:00:25,720 --> 00:00:31,560 Speaker 2: Always uh huh. And there are so many poetical references 7 00:00:31,600 --> 00:00:34,000 Speaker 2: in this one that I stopped myself at a certain 8 00:00:34,040 --> 00:00:35,680 Speaker 2: point and was like, we're going to have to do 9 00:00:35,680 --> 00:00:37,440 Speaker 2: a bonus episode about this if we want to do this, 10 00:00:37,560 --> 00:00:40,040 Speaker 2: because there's too many poems about violets. 11 00:00:41,720 --> 00:00:44,760 Speaker 1: Yes, And in fact, we were discussing before I had 12 00:00:44,800 --> 00:00:49,040 Speaker 1: an unfinished note in the outline hmmm, where I was 13 00:00:49,120 --> 00:00:53,320 Speaker 1: like poetry about violets through the time, and I never 14 00:00:53,360 --> 00:00:57,640 Speaker 1: finished it, and then because of DeLay's and a bunch 15 00:00:57,680 --> 00:01:01,240 Speaker 1: of various things, I forgot that I had it, and 16 00:01:01,280 --> 00:01:05,520 Speaker 1: then thought Lauren was going to finish the thought, and 17 00:01:05,560 --> 00:01:07,640 Speaker 1: I was very excited about it. 18 00:01:08,640 --> 00:01:11,080 Speaker 2: And I had to be the buzzkill who today like 19 00:01:11,280 --> 00:01:16,360 Speaker 2: commented on the unfinished phrase like, Hey, my dude, like, 20 00:01:16,440 --> 00:01:17,880 Speaker 2: are you going to finish this thought? 21 00:01:19,560 --> 00:01:25,160 Speaker 1: Oh? No, I thought it was your thought, So no, okay, 22 00:01:26,280 --> 00:01:30,280 Speaker 1: we're all doing great. We are doing great. We're speaking of, 23 00:01:30,680 --> 00:01:32,959 Speaker 1: we are a little behind with this one, but there 24 00:01:33,200 --> 00:01:35,200 Speaker 1: was an idea behind. 25 00:01:34,880 --> 00:01:39,320 Speaker 2: It, right, So Mother's Day as we are recording this 26 00:01:39,480 --> 00:01:43,399 Speaker 2: was this past Sunday, and I was like, hey, let's 27 00:01:43,480 --> 00:01:48,640 Speaker 2: do something nice for Mother's Day, maybe perhaps a flower, 28 00:01:50,120 --> 00:01:55,480 Speaker 2: and we somehow landed on violets. Yeah, yeah, that's pretty 29 00:01:55,560 --> 00:02:04,600 Speaker 2: much it. But yes, Mother's Day, Yeah, yeah, absolutely. 30 00:02:04,640 --> 00:02:09,320 Speaker 1: I'm actually meeting with my mom this weekend because the 31 00:02:09,400 --> 00:02:14,480 Speaker 1: weather was so bad. Oh yeah, so's it's timely in 32 00:02:14,520 --> 00:02:14,919 Speaker 1: that way. 33 00:02:15,200 --> 00:02:17,880 Speaker 2: Oh yeah, yeah, I mean, celebrate the mothers in your 34 00:02:17,919 --> 00:02:21,440 Speaker 2: life every day. For anyone who has a hard time 35 00:02:21,480 --> 00:02:24,800 Speaker 2: on a Mother's Day, I see you. And you know, 36 00:02:24,919 --> 00:02:27,080 Speaker 2: violets are still very nice. 37 00:02:27,360 --> 00:02:32,400 Speaker 1: Violets are still really nice. So for past episodes you 38 00:02:32,440 --> 00:02:37,680 Speaker 1: can see I would say rosewater, dandelion, lavender. 39 00:02:38,360 --> 00:02:39,800 Speaker 2: Yeah we did that. I forgot about that. 40 00:02:40,040 --> 00:02:43,959 Speaker 1: Uh huh. Yes, I would never forget because I learned 41 00:02:43,960 --> 00:02:48,560 Speaker 1: that my lion trick doesn't work in that episode. Lions 42 00:02:48,560 --> 00:02:53,120 Speaker 1: are not deterred by lavender. Oh heck, I forgot about 43 00:02:53,120 --> 00:02:55,680 Speaker 1: that too. Here we are, thanks for reminding me. I've 44 00:02:55,680 --> 00:02:58,400 Speaker 1: got to live. I gotta know what I'm gonna do 45 00:02:58,440 --> 00:03:01,800 Speaker 1: if I face a lion lauren and also marigolds. 46 00:03:02,680 --> 00:03:07,200 Speaker 2: Yes, yeah, yes, yes, such, yes, but that brings us 47 00:03:07,240 --> 00:03:15,119 Speaker 2: to our question. Sure, violets, what are they? 48 00:03:16,240 --> 00:03:16,600 Speaker 1: Well? 49 00:03:17,080 --> 00:03:20,880 Speaker 2: Violets are small flowers that are purple to white in color, 50 00:03:21,040 --> 00:03:23,760 Speaker 2: sometimes a little bit of both in patterns or gradients, 51 00:03:24,000 --> 00:03:27,560 Speaker 2: and have a scent that's sort of soft and sweet 52 00:03:27,720 --> 00:03:31,440 Speaker 2: and a little bit woody, like a gentle, powdery sort 53 00:03:31,440 --> 00:03:35,160 Speaker 2: of floral. The blossoms can be used whole as a 54 00:03:35,200 --> 00:03:38,200 Speaker 2: garnish in salads or desserts, or can be sugared and 55 00:03:38,240 --> 00:03:40,600 Speaker 2: eaten as a candy or used as a garnish for desserts. 56 00:03:41,080 --> 00:03:44,200 Speaker 2: The flavor and color come through well in extracts, which 57 00:03:44,240 --> 00:03:47,640 Speaker 2: are used to flavor jellies and candies, baked goods, creamy 58 00:03:47,640 --> 00:03:51,920 Speaker 2: desserts of various kinds, liqueurs. The plant's leaves are edible too, 59 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:55,280 Speaker 2: and can be used as fresh or cooked greens. They're 60 00:03:55,280 --> 00:03:57,560 Speaker 2: a little bit bitter and vegetable and put off a 61 00:03:57,600 --> 00:04:02,680 Speaker 2: little bit of like slippy, thickening mucilage they're cooked. Yeah, 62 00:04:02,880 --> 00:04:06,640 Speaker 2: violets are just a treat, just real pretty to look at, 63 00:04:06,920 --> 00:04:09,480 Speaker 2: and their leaves are like a real pretty dark green, 64 00:04:09,920 --> 00:04:13,120 Speaker 2: and they're just small and they smell nice. And they 65 00:04:13,120 --> 00:04:15,080 Speaker 2: go well with a lot of other flavors, and they 66 00:04:15,160 --> 00:04:17,960 Speaker 2: kind of grow everywhere just on their own, whether you 67 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:21,320 Speaker 2: want them to or not. They're just a little ground treat. 68 00:04:23,680 --> 00:04:27,240 Speaker 2: A ground treat, yeah, as opposed to as opposed to 69 00:04:27,240 --> 00:04:31,440 Speaker 2: a tree treat, which is different, Okay, botanically. 70 00:04:35,120 --> 00:04:35,520 Speaker 1: Okay. 71 00:04:36,320 --> 00:04:41,400 Speaker 2: The word violet is used confusingly for hundreds of flowers 72 00:04:41,680 --> 00:04:45,960 Speaker 2: in the wide genus Viola, which also includes things that 73 00:04:46,000 --> 00:04:49,839 Speaker 2: are not called violets that are also edible, like pansies. However, 74 00:04:50,240 --> 00:04:54,200 Speaker 2: often when you're talking about edible violets, you're talking about 75 00:04:54,480 --> 00:04:59,279 Speaker 2: Viola odorata, also called sweet violets or English violets, among 76 00:04:59,360 --> 00:05:04,360 Speaker 2: many other name or similar looking species like Viola sororia 77 00:05:05,040 --> 00:05:08,880 Speaker 2: also called common violet, which are typically less scented but 78 00:05:08,960 --> 00:05:14,560 Speaker 2: also quite edible. As far as I am personally aware 79 00:05:15,000 --> 00:05:19,080 Speaker 2: due to relatively brief research, don't take my word for it. 80 00:05:19,560 --> 00:05:23,720 Speaker 2: Flowers in the Viola genus are generally edible, but if 81 00:05:23,760 --> 00:05:26,839 Speaker 2: you're unsure of what you're dealing with, definitely consult a 82 00:05:26,880 --> 00:05:30,840 Speaker 2: field guide or local expert before you go foraging. Like 83 00:05:30,920 --> 00:05:33,920 Speaker 2: I've read that yellow colored violets can cause stomach upset 84 00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:37,839 Speaker 2: when eaten in large amounts. Know what you're growing and harvesting. 85 00:05:39,040 --> 00:05:42,760 Speaker 2: For example, some things that are called violets, like African violets, 86 00:05:42,880 --> 00:05:45,200 Speaker 2: are in a different genus and are not okay to eat. 87 00:05:46,320 --> 00:05:48,920 Speaker 2: The leaves in particular, can resemble other plants that you 88 00:05:48,920 --> 00:05:51,520 Speaker 2: should not eat. Always look stuff up if you are 89 00:05:51,560 --> 00:05:55,400 Speaker 2: not sure. As social media personality, the black forager would 90 00:05:55,400 --> 00:05:59,400 Speaker 2: say happy snacking, don't die, Yes. 91 00:06:00,160 --> 00:06:03,000 Speaker 1: Don't good advice, okay. 92 00:06:03,640 --> 00:06:06,800 Speaker 2: Viola odorata grow close to the ground, usually only a 93 00:06:06,800 --> 00:06:09,680 Speaker 2: few inches tall, maybe like four inches or ten centimeters. 94 00:06:10,320 --> 00:06:12,760 Speaker 2: Viola sororia can be about twice as tall as that, 95 00:06:12,960 --> 00:06:15,760 Speaker 2: still not big. In both, the leaves are this like 96 00:06:15,880 --> 00:06:18,880 Speaker 2: cute heart shape or kind of like a rounded fan shape, 97 00:06:19,240 --> 00:06:22,919 Speaker 2: and are a little bit shiny. Underground, the plants grow 98 00:06:23,080 --> 00:06:26,680 Speaker 2: rhizomes and true roots off of those, and the plants 99 00:06:26,680 --> 00:06:29,960 Speaker 2: can spread in a few different ways via above ground shoots, 100 00:06:30,320 --> 00:06:34,719 Speaker 2: or from self fertilized underground near ground flower buds, or 101 00:06:34,839 --> 00:06:39,279 Speaker 2: from the seeds that pollinated flowers will produce, assuming you 102 00:06:39,320 --> 00:06:42,880 Speaker 2: don't eat the flowers first. The seeds are contained within 103 00:06:42,920 --> 00:06:46,240 Speaker 2: the plant's fruit, which is basically this like hard oval 104 00:06:46,279 --> 00:06:49,440 Speaker 2: shaped seed pod that will split open into three sections. 105 00:06:49,480 --> 00:06:52,120 Speaker 2: Shooting the seeds up and away when they're fully developed. 106 00:06:54,040 --> 00:06:56,440 Speaker 2: A little bit stranger things, ask still pretty cool. 107 00:06:56,839 --> 00:06:58,479 Speaker 1: Yeah, that sounds pretty cool. 108 00:07:00,720 --> 00:07:04,200 Speaker 2: Oh and speaking of those seeds, So this isn't strictly 109 00:07:04,240 --> 00:07:07,480 Speaker 2: food related, but I learned a new thing today. Okay, 110 00:07:07,880 --> 00:07:12,560 Speaker 2: some seeds, these seeds included, have like a little fleshy 111 00:07:12,600 --> 00:07:16,080 Speaker 2: structure attached to the outside that will contain some fats 112 00:07:16,080 --> 00:07:21,320 Speaker 2: and some proteins, and ants love them. Ants will take 113 00:07:21,400 --> 00:07:24,640 Speaker 2: seeds with this feature. It's called an alaisome. I think 114 00:07:24,680 --> 00:07:26,560 Speaker 2: I'm saying that right. They'll take it. They'll take these 115 00:07:26,560 --> 00:07:28,720 Speaker 2: seeds back to their nest and give them to their 116 00:07:28,920 --> 00:07:33,440 Speaker 2: developing larvae. The larvae eat the elaisome, but leave the 117 00:07:33,480 --> 00:07:36,600 Speaker 2: seed intact, which the worker ants will then take out 118 00:07:36,600 --> 00:07:39,240 Speaker 2: of their nest to their waste disposal area, which is 119 00:07:39,280 --> 00:07:41,800 Speaker 2: a thing that ant colonies have, and they'll leave it there. 120 00:07:42,920 --> 00:07:46,240 Speaker 2: And ant waste sites are rich in nutrients, so the 121 00:07:46,280 --> 00:07:50,400 Speaker 2: seeds will germinate and grow into a new plant. This 122 00:07:50,560 --> 00:07:54,160 Speaker 2: is a whole type of symbiotic relationship known as burmacoccary 123 00:07:54,760 --> 00:07:59,840 Speaker 2: that apparently has evolved independently in all kinds of different 124 00:07:59,840 --> 00:08:05,080 Speaker 2: flowering plants. I love this. I love this nature is 125 00:08:05,120 --> 00:08:13,280 Speaker 2: so weird. Mrma Coachery if you're wondering, essentially means circular 126 00:08:13,400 --> 00:08:15,080 Speaker 2: ant dance in Greek. 127 00:08:17,680 --> 00:08:20,880 Speaker 1: Okay, I like that. I like both the words mcrockery 128 00:08:21,840 --> 00:08:29,160 Speaker 1: and the image of ants dancing in a circle. Yeah. Yeah, man. 129 00:08:30,280 --> 00:08:36,000 Speaker 2: Anyway, having all of these contingent plans for reproduction is 130 00:08:36,040 --> 00:08:39,839 Speaker 2: why violets can be really pesky in a grass lawn 131 00:08:39,960 --> 00:08:45,000 Speaker 2: if you're trying to keep it perfect. On a related note, 132 00:08:45,040 --> 00:08:47,679 Speaker 2: I can't tell you what to do, and I understand 133 00:08:47,679 --> 00:08:50,840 Speaker 2: that perfect grass lawns are like really pretty, but consider 134 00:08:50,920 --> 00:08:53,720 Speaker 2: killing your lawn and replacing it with native plants. 135 00:08:54,160 --> 00:08:59,440 Speaker 1: Yeah, that's of my dad. He called it a naturally 136 00:08:59,679 --> 00:09:03,560 Speaker 1: ard Yeah. I put that in quotes because he said 137 00:09:03,559 --> 00:09:05,680 Speaker 1: it with such a specifics. 138 00:09:07,520 --> 00:09:10,400 Speaker 2: But you're not doubting. You're not doubting the naturalness or 139 00:09:10,440 --> 00:09:14,480 Speaker 2: the yardness. You're saying it was specifically a natural yar. 140 00:09:14,920 --> 00:09:17,720 Speaker 1: Yes, it was like, yeah, what he called it? 141 00:09:18,240 --> 00:09:27,840 Speaker 2: Yeah, okay, And anyway, anyway, those flowers on violets will 142 00:09:27,840 --> 00:09:31,280 Speaker 2: bloom in the early spring. They have five petals arranged 143 00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:34,439 Speaker 2: into a group of three, forming a sort of cup 144 00:09:34,480 --> 00:09:37,360 Speaker 2: for nectar on the bottom, and then another group of two. 145 00:09:37,600 --> 00:09:40,880 Speaker 2: On the top, they'll often have a bit of white 146 00:09:40,960 --> 00:09:43,079 Speaker 2: towards the center of the petals and a little spot 147 00:09:43,080 --> 00:09:45,760 Speaker 2: of yellow, but otherwise the petals can range in any 148 00:09:45,800 --> 00:09:50,400 Speaker 2: shade of purple to white to pink. And yeah, they 149 00:09:50,440 --> 00:09:55,320 Speaker 2: have this like delicate, powdery sweet sort of scent and flavor, 150 00:09:56,120 --> 00:10:00,440 Speaker 2: which is extra interesting because it messes with your nervous 151 00:10:00,480 --> 00:10:03,360 Speaker 2: system just a little so that it appears to come 152 00:10:03,400 --> 00:10:03,720 Speaker 2: and go. 153 00:10:05,559 --> 00:10:05,959 Speaker 1: Okay. 154 00:10:05,960 --> 00:10:09,360 Speaker 2: This is because one of the scent compounds in violets 155 00:10:09,640 --> 00:10:14,800 Speaker 2: is something called ionine, which a smells a floral powdery 156 00:10:15,160 --> 00:10:20,520 Speaker 2: and b temporarily blocks you from smelling anything once you've 157 00:10:20,559 --> 00:10:26,400 Speaker 2: smelled a certain amount of it. This is also so cool. 158 00:10:26,480 --> 00:10:31,400 Speaker 2: I learned two things today, all right, So okay, let's 159 00:10:31,440 --> 00:10:33,720 Speaker 2: back up a second. The way that you smell things 160 00:10:33,960 --> 00:10:38,160 Speaker 2: is that let's say that a pizza just came out 161 00:10:38,160 --> 00:10:41,280 Speaker 2: of the oven, and the hot bread and sauce and 162 00:10:41,400 --> 00:10:44,520 Speaker 2: cheese are all putting off scent compounds into the air. 163 00:10:45,800 --> 00:10:49,760 Speaker 2: As you breathe in air, some of those scent molecules 164 00:10:49,800 --> 00:10:53,240 Speaker 2: will enter your airways and bind to nerve endings called 165 00:10:53,320 --> 00:10:58,120 Speaker 2: olfactory receptors and activate those receptors, thus sending a message 166 00:10:58,120 --> 00:11:00,720 Speaker 2: to your brain that you're smelling the cheese or the 167 00:11:00,800 --> 00:11:06,120 Speaker 2: bread or the sauce, and okay, when a compound activates 168 00:11:06,160 --> 00:11:10,520 Speaker 2: a nerve receptor, that compound is called an agonist. But 169 00:11:11,559 --> 00:11:15,560 Speaker 2: some molecules can also bind to olfactory nerve receptors and 170 00:11:15,600 --> 00:11:19,880 Speaker 2: not send a signal, and furthermore block other molecules from 171 00:11:19,880 --> 00:11:24,400 Speaker 2: attaching and potentially signaling, and these compounds are called antagonists. 172 00:11:25,320 --> 00:11:31,000 Speaker 2: An Ionine can act as both. So so you smell 173 00:11:31,040 --> 00:11:33,440 Speaker 2: it for a little bit, and then it inhibits your 174 00:11:33,440 --> 00:11:35,920 Speaker 2: ability to smell for a little bit, and then after 175 00:11:35,960 --> 00:11:38,520 Speaker 2: a few breaths or minutes or whatever, it stops blocking 176 00:11:38,559 --> 00:11:39,720 Speaker 2: those receptors. 177 00:11:39,320 --> 00:11:40,240 Speaker 1: And you can smell it. 178 00:11:40,280 --> 00:11:45,199 Speaker 2: Anew. I did not know that compounds could be both. 179 00:11:45,320 --> 00:11:47,960 Speaker 2: I didn't know that this is This is awesome. 180 00:11:49,160 --> 00:11:53,840 Speaker 1: It is very cool. And when I read it, the 181 00:11:53,920 --> 00:11:57,440 Speaker 1: first thing I thought was have there been murder mysteries 182 00:11:57,480 --> 00:12:03,400 Speaker 1: where this was used? I'm just curious. That is very neat, 183 00:12:04,360 --> 00:12:06,640 Speaker 1: it's really difficul it's really cool. 184 00:12:06,760 --> 00:12:11,120 Speaker 2: I mean potentially, yeah, it was that there was a 185 00:12:11,160 --> 00:12:13,960 Speaker 2: certain period of time when violets were used as a 186 00:12:13,960 --> 00:12:18,959 Speaker 2: funerary flower, partially because of this capacity to block your 187 00:12:19,880 --> 00:12:23,600 Speaker 2: olfactory sense, because if you're hanging out around a dead body, 188 00:12:23,640 --> 00:12:25,400 Speaker 2: you might not want to smell it for a minute. There, 189 00:12:25,480 --> 00:12:25,680 Speaker 2: you know. 190 00:12:27,840 --> 00:12:34,120 Speaker 1: Yes, and so many times with these flower episodes, I 191 00:12:34,280 --> 00:12:36,960 Speaker 1: just want to talk about the old language of flowers. 192 00:12:38,520 --> 00:12:40,520 Speaker 1: But we have to remind ourselves we're a food show. 193 00:12:42,320 --> 00:12:45,320 Speaker 1: But I do know part of the reason violets essentially 194 00:12:45,440 --> 00:12:49,160 Speaker 1: got for a while got put in into the same 195 00:12:49,280 --> 00:12:53,280 Speaker 1: pin of like melancholy, it was because of this. It 196 00:12:53,360 --> 00:12:58,520 Speaker 1: was like when you forget something and then it comes back. Yeah, 197 00:12:58,640 --> 00:13:01,719 Speaker 1: forget it and then it wow. 198 00:13:04,440 --> 00:13:09,480 Speaker 2: Okay, So speaking of yeah, ostensibly a food show, all right, 199 00:13:10,160 --> 00:13:13,440 Speaker 2: you can candy the flowers. You can dip them in 200 00:13:13,520 --> 00:13:17,080 Speaker 2: something sticky like egg white or aquafaba, and then dip 201 00:13:17,080 --> 00:13:21,640 Speaker 2: them in sugar like granulated sugar and then let them dry. Also, 202 00:13:21,720 --> 00:13:24,160 Speaker 2: in addition to being a nice flavor, the extract is 203 00:13:24,200 --> 00:13:26,320 Speaker 2: really pretty. It's like you can get a really good, 204 00:13:26,400 --> 00:13:29,720 Speaker 2: deep violet color off of it. And it turns out 205 00:13:29,720 --> 00:13:33,760 Speaker 2: that the pigment that makes violets violet is pH reactive, 206 00:13:34,120 --> 00:13:37,840 Speaker 2: meaning that it changes colors based on how acidic or basic. 207 00:13:37,960 --> 00:13:41,280 Speaker 2: That the solution that it's in itself is so in 208 00:13:41,280 --> 00:13:45,440 Speaker 2: a neutral PhD water or alcohol or sugar syrup situation, 209 00:13:45,840 --> 00:13:49,080 Speaker 2: it's going to be like like green to blue, and 210 00:13:49,120 --> 00:13:51,439 Speaker 2: then if you add an acid like lemon juice, it'll 211 00:13:51,440 --> 00:13:55,760 Speaker 2: turn like purple to pink, similar with litmus paper. Yeah, 212 00:13:55,960 --> 00:13:57,320 Speaker 2: and this means that you can have a lot of 213 00:13:57,320 --> 00:14:02,319 Speaker 2: fun with cocktails and other like decorative kitchen projects. M 214 00:14:05,720 --> 00:14:09,120 Speaker 2: also of violet liqueurs. You could make your own at home, 215 00:14:09,200 --> 00:14:12,120 Speaker 2: but there are several that are made commercially, often called 216 00:14:12,120 --> 00:14:15,680 Speaker 2: by the French term crem devillt. It's not creamy here. 217 00:14:15,760 --> 00:14:20,200 Speaker 2: Crem indicates an extraction. I believe I didn't double check that, 218 00:14:20,280 --> 00:14:22,120 Speaker 2: but I feel good about it, which means I'm probably 219 00:14:22,120 --> 00:14:27,320 Speaker 2: wrong fact checking for another date. At any rate. Creme 220 00:14:27,320 --> 00:14:30,560 Speaker 2: de villa is an element of the classic cocktail that aviation, 221 00:14:31,080 --> 00:14:35,000 Speaker 2: which is gin lemon juice, marachino licur and violet liqueur. 222 00:14:37,160 --> 00:14:37,600 Speaker 1: So good. 223 00:14:37,840 --> 00:14:39,400 Speaker 2: That is one of my That is just one of 224 00:14:39,440 --> 00:14:43,480 Speaker 2: my favorite all time cocktails, just so nice. If you 225 00:14:43,520 --> 00:14:47,560 Speaker 2: do start experimenting with the bottle of violet liqueur, use 226 00:14:47,600 --> 00:14:51,440 Speaker 2: it sparingly at first. The floralness can pack more of 227 00:14:51,440 --> 00:14:57,160 Speaker 2: a punch than you think. Yeah, yes, yeah, I've not 228 00:14:57,280 --> 00:15:01,240 Speaker 2: personally worked with the greens though, I did go outside 229 00:15:01,240 --> 00:15:04,040 Speaker 2: and like eat a few leaves while I was writing 230 00:15:04,040 --> 00:15:14,760 Speaker 2: this outline, are just violet violet leaves annie specificity. I 231 00:15:14,920 --> 00:15:16,960 Speaker 2: checked to make sure that the seed pods were the 232 00:15:17,000 --> 00:15:20,320 Speaker 2: type of seed pods that violets have, as the flowers 233 00:15:20,320 --> 00:15:23,640 Speaker 2: are not in bloom right now, so again safe foraging. 234 00:15:25,160 --> 00:15:26,800 Speaker 2: They were just gonna. They were a little bit bitter 235 00:15:27,160 --> 00:15:29,600 Speaker 2: and vegetable. I don't know, but yeah, I understand that 236 00:15:29,640 --> 00:15:31,800 Speaker 2: they're best when they're young and tender in the spring, 237 00:15:31,920 --> 00:15:33,640 Speaker 2: but are fine when they're cooked. When they're a little 238 00:15:33,640 --> 00:15:36,360 Speaker 2: bit older and tougher. People recommend cooking them in general. 239 00:15:36,520 --> 00:15:41,320 Speaker 2: Apparently sound folks are sensitive to them when they're raw. Okay, 240 00:15:42,080 --> 00:15:47,040 Speaker 2: further test, Oh yeah, yeah, are needed? Yes, Well what 241 00:15:47,240 --> 00:15:51,320 Speaker 2: about the nutrition? You know, plants in general are good 242 00:15:51,320 --> 00:15:54,400 Speaker 2: for you. You know, they've got fiber and micronutrients, stuff 243 00:15:54,440 --> 00:15:57,640 Speaker 2: like that. Different types of violets have been used in 244 00:15:57,720 --> 00:16:02,160 Speaker 2: traditional medicines in various culture around the world, often for 245 00:16:02,280 --> 00:16:06,200 Speaker 2: cough related ailments, and research about that is happening. But 246 00:16:06,360 --> 00:16:10,600 Speaker 2: you know, say ra motto before you bodies are complicated. 247 00:16:10,800 --> 00:16:15,520 Speaker 2: More research is necessary before ingesting a medicinal amount of anything. 248 00:16:15,560 --> 00:16:18,840 Speaker 2: You should consult a healthcare provider who is not us. 249 00:16:19,960 --> 00:16:27,320 Speaker 1: Definitely not nobors. Well, we do have some numbers for you, 250 00:16:27,880 --> 00:16:29,680 Speaker 1: we do, all right. 251 00:16:29,800 --> 00:16:33,640 Speaker 2: Viola is one of the widest genera of flowering plants, 252 00:16:33,800 --> 00:16:37,880 Speaker 2: containing some four hundred to seven hundred species, depending on 253 00:16:37,920 --> 00:16:42,000 Speaker 2: who you ask. These range from the herbal types that 254 00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:45,520 Speaker 2: we've been talking about, to like small shrub types in 255 00:16:45,560 --> 00:16:50,320 Speaker 2: the Hawaiian Islands to succulent types in the Andes. Fascinating, 256 00:16:52,080 --> 00:16:54,440 Speaker 2: but like, yeah, like the list of places that violets 257 00:16:54,480 --> 00:16:56,720 Speaker 2: are native to is way longer than the list of 258 00:16:56,720 --> 00:17:01,000 Speaker 2: places that they're not. Somehow, like Western af Africa, eastern 259 00:17:01,040 --> 00:17:05,960 Speaker 2: South America, and western Australia didn't get any other than that. 260 00:17:06,160 --> 00:17:08,560 Speaker 2: I like, like they've been introduced to most of the Caribbean. 261 00:17:08,800 --> 00:17:14,760 Speaker 2: They're just really widespread, And even within those hundreds of species, 262 00:17:14,800 --> 00:17:16,959 Speaker 2: there can be a lot of different varieties that are 263 00:17:17,000 --> 00:17:22,960 Speaker 2: bred for center color or whatever. Speaking a little bit 264 00:17:23,000 --> 00:17:26,800 Speaker 2: more broadly, the global market for packaged edible flowers is 265 00:17:26,880 --> 00:17:29,720 Speaker 2: expected to hit three hundred and eighty million dollars a 266 00:17:29,800 --> 00:17:33,359 Speaker 2: year by twenty twenty six. Vola species I keep going 267 00:17:33,400 --> 00:17:35,720 Speaker 2: back and forth between viola and viola. I think I'm 268 00:17:35,760 --> 00:17:37,800 Speaker 2: sorry I'm not going to stop because I can't remember 269 00:17:37,800 --> 00:17:40,399 Speaker 2: which one it is and those ab things it is 270 00:17:40,440 --> 00:17:42,400 Speaker 2: on off one zero. I have no idea. It could 271 00:17:42,400 --> 00:17:44,160 Speaker 2: be anyon so. 272 00:17:46,119 --> 00:17:53,080 Speaker 1: You're a robot, yes, not when a vampire got it. 273 00:17:54,240 --> 00:17:59,080 Speaker 2: They're probably pretty close anyway. Anyway, species in this genus 274 00:17:59,119 --> 00:18:04,000 Speaker 2: are considered a profitable segment of that fresh packaged market, 275 00:18:04,840 --> 00:18:14,879 Speaker 2: though not as profitable as marigolds, those tricksy marigolds. The 276 00:18:14,960 --> 00:18:18,800 Speaker 2: market for violet extract is worth over two hundred million 277 00:18:18,840 --> 00:18:22,840 Speaker 2: dollars a year. The natural extract is now outpacing the 278 00:18:22,880 --> 00:18:26,199 Speaker 2: market for the synthetic extract, which is impressive because for 279 00:18:26,240 --> 00:18:29,720 Speaker 2: a long time synthetic was kind of the thing it's 280 00:18:29,800 --> 00:18:33,639 Speaker 2: It's apparently one of the earlier types of synthetic florals 281 00:18:33,680 --> 00:18:39,920 Speaker 2: because of ironine being relatively easily discovered, but I couldn't 282 00:18:39,920 --> 00:18:41,679 Speaker 2: find an exact date on that, so I'm not going 283 00:18:41,720 --> 00:18:43,679 Speaker 2: to mention it in the history section. But here we 284 00:18:43,720 --> 00:18:49,000 Speaker 2: are more. Violet extract goes into cosmetics and like personal 285 00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:51,520 Speaker 2: care products than the food and beverage industry, but not 286 00:18:51,600 --> 00:18:58,440 Speaker 2: by a whole lot. And there are some violet festivals 287 00:18:58,480 --> 00:19:03,960 Speaker 2: in France, there's one in Provence, in this village near 288 00:19:04,000 --> 00:19:07,560 Speaker 2: the Mediterranean coast, in between like can and Monaco. As 289 00:19:07,560 --> 00:19:10,040 Speaker 2: of twenty twenty five, it was in its seventy eighth year. 290 00:19:11,280 --> 00:19:15,240 Speaker 2: There's a parade of floats made with real and paper flowers, 291 00:19:15,400 --> 00:19:18,520 Speaker 2: and music and dancing and all kinds of food and 292 00:19:18,600 --> 00:19:23,840 Speaker 2: drinks and products for sale made with violence. Oh, listeners, 293 00:19:24,160 --> 00:19:28,040 Speaker 2: if you've been, Oh, I found photos. It looks gorgeous. 294 00:19:29,000 --> 00:19:33,439 Speaker 1: You must let us know. Yes, yes, yes, yes, please yes, 295 00:19:34,400 --> 00:19:39,600 Speaker 1: because honestly, a lot of are ostensibly a feud show. 296 00:19:39,720 --> 00:19:44,199 Speaker 1: A lot of our history doesn't necessarily involve food, but plenty, 297 00:19:44,640 --> 00:19:50,440 Speaker 1: we've got nuggets of it there. Yeah, yes, So we 298 00:19:50,480 --> 00:19:53,200 Speaker 1: will get into that after a quick break from award 299 00:19:53,200 --> 00:20:05,560 Speaker 1: from our sponsors, and we're back. Thank you sponsor, Yes, 300 00:20:05,680 --> 00:20:11,879 Speaker 1: thank you. Okay. So different types of violets originated in 301 00:20:11,960 --> 00:20:13,720 Speaker 1: different places around. 302 00:20:13,320 --> 00:20:19,040 Speaker 2: The world, mostly in temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere. 303 00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:21,800 Speaker 2: But again there's a lot of violets. For the two 304 00:20:21,840 --> 00:20:25,439 Speaker 2: that we've been mostly talking about today. V Odorata is 305 00:20:25,480 --> 00:20:29,480 Speaker 2: from areas around the Mediterranean and V. Sororia is North American. 306 00:20:31,960 --> 00:20:36,760 Speaker 1: Yeah, yep. Violets do have a long history of being 307 00:20:36,840 --> 00:20:39,679 Speaker 1: prized in certain cultures. For a variety of things. The 308 00:20:39,840 --> 00:20:43,520 Speaker 1: ancient Greeks used violets to flavor wines or honey, and 309 00:20:43,600 --> 00:20:46,800 Speaker 1: violets are mentioned in the first century CE cookbook Out 310 00:20:46,800 --> 00:20:50,399 Speaker 1: of Ancient Rome. The Epicus talked about that a lot before. 311 00:20:52,000 --> 00:20:55,720 Speaker 1: The indigenous peoples in North America used all parts of 312 00:20:55,720 --> 00:20:58,600 Speaker 1: the violet culinarily and medicinally. 313 00:20:59,359 --> 00:21:03,399 Speaker 2: I read that and some a Jibwe traditions. During like 314 00:21:03,920 --> 00:21:07,800 Speaker 2: fluffy springtime snows, they would harvest violets and then steep 315 00:21:07,800 --> 00:21:10,960 Speaker 2: them overnight in birch bark containers, and then the next 316 00:21:11,040 --> 00:21:16,359 Speaker 2: day use the cooled colorful tea or extract to top 317 00:21:16,960 --> 00:21:19,520 Speaker 2: fresh snow with as a treat. 318 00:21:20,040 --> 00:21:23,159 Speaker 1: Well, that sounds nice, right, and like you said, it 319 00:21:23,240 --> 00:21:27,760 Speaker 1: is very pretty. It can be very striking, so yeah, 320 00:21:28,080 --> 00:21:32,199 Speaker 1: oh yeah, kind of speaking of. During the Medieval and 321 00:21:32,240 --> 00:21:35,800 Speaker 1: Renaissance periods in Europe's violets were sometimes used in art 322 00:21:35,960 --> 00:21:40,520 Speaker 1: to depict purity and innocence. The flowers themselves were dried 323 00:21:40,720 --> 00:21:43,520 Speaker 1: in preparation of winter to use in the cold months. 324 00:21:43,840 --> 00:21:46,959 Speaker 1: The leaves were also eaten. On top of that, the 325 00:21:47,000 --> 00:21:51,480 Speaker 1: petals were sometimes used for decorations on things like cakes, 326 00:21:51,800 --> 00:21:56,240 Speaker 1: which again I can just see how visually that would 327 00:21:56,240 --> 00:22:02,400 Speaker 1: be a nice, nice little thing. In seventeenth century Culpeper's 328 00:22:02,480 --> 00:22:06,840 Speaker 1: herbal included an entry on violets. It described many medicinal 329 00:22:06,960 --> 00:22:11,439 Speaker 1: uses for the plant, but also culinary applications, particularly with 330 00:22:11,560 --> 00:22:16,840 Speaker 1: violet syrup and in liqueurs. And this is just a 331 00:22:16,880 --> 00:22:18,880 Speaker 1: brief aside. I think this is where I got caught 332 00:22:18,960 --> 00:22:21,840 Speaker 1: up in the whole poetry thing and never finished my 333 00:22:22,160 --> 00:22:27,480 Speaker 1: complete thought. But here we go, and stick with me. 334 00:22:28,640 --> 00:22:32,800 Speaker 1: In celebration of Elizabeth, the first poet, Edmund Spencer wrote 335 00:22:32,880 --> 00:22:36,000 Speaker 1: The Fairy Queen in fifteen ninety and here's a sample 336 00:22:36,040 --> 00:22:40,520 Speaker 1: from that. She'd bathe with roses red and violet's blue, 337 00:22:40,960 --> 00:22:44,200 Speaker 1: and all the sweetest flowers that in the forest grew. 338 00:22:45,400 --> 00:22:50,240 Speaker 1: And if that sounds familiar, it's really stuck around. About 339 00:22:50,280 --> 00:22:55,359 Speaker 1: two centuries later, poet Joseph Johnson wrote the Roses read 340 00:22:55,480 --> 00:22:59,040 Speaker 1: the Violet's blue, the honey sweet, and so are you. 341 00:23:00,760 --> 00:23:05,520 Speaker 1: In eighteen sixty two, Victor Hugo included this in his 342 00:23:05,680 --> 00:23:11,080 Speaker 1: play Leis Miserbla. Violets are blue, Roses are red, Violets 343 00:23:11,080 --> 00:23:14,280 Speaker 1: are blue. I Love My Loves, which I actually haven't 344 00:23:14,320 --> 00:23:19,639 Speaker 1: seen that play, but I was reading it about it 345 00:23:19,760 --> 00:23:23,520 Speaker 1: for this research, and I'm to understand that we've largely 346 00:23:23,600 --> 00:23:27,159 Speaker 1: misinterpreted as a society. 347 00:23:29,640 --> 00:23:34,600 Speaker 2: I've not so I'm personally not familiar with Lima's rob 348 00:23:35,640 --> 00:23:40,480 Speaker 2: I with neither the musical nor the book. Nothing about 349 00:23:40,520 --> 00:23:44,199 Speaker 2: it is familiar to me. But I looked this one up. 350 00:23:44,200 --> 00:23:47,600 Speaker 2: It's part of a song sung by Fantine. That's all 351 00:23:47,640 --> 00:23:49,720 Speaker 2: I got for you. I would have to look further 352 00:23:49,760 --> 00:23:51,720 Speaker 2: into it, which I did not do in preparation for 353 00:23:51,760 --> 00:23:55,080 Speaker 2: this episode. Well, I know people are fans, so please 354 00:23:55,080 --> 00:23:58,040 Speaker 2: write in, Oh, I know people are fans. 355 00:23:58,440 --> 00:24:01,000 Speaker 1: Oh yes. According to what I read, though, it was 356 00:24:01,080 --> 00:24:08,760 Speaker 1: kind of like it wasn't the It doesn't have the 357 00:24:08,880 --> 00:24:11,359 Speaker 1: vibe we say when we say like roses are red, 358 00:24:11,440 --> 00:24:13,520 Speaker 1: violets are blue. It was much more kind of like 359 00:24:14,920 --> 00:24:16,760 Speaker 1: things are how they are, and that's just it. 360 00:24:17,920 --> 00:24:22,960 Speaker 2: But well, if you can imagine from a piece of 361 00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:27,399 Speaker 2: media titled miserab things are going poorly. 362 00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:35,200 Speaker 1: Well, all right, listeners were counting on you. We could 363 00:24:35,240 --> 00:24:38,560 Speaker 1: have looked it up, and we were. We skewed it 364 00:24:38,760 --> 00:24:43,600 Speaker 1: because we're a food show. But here's another note that's 365 00:24:43,640 --> 00:24:48,840 Speaker 1: not food related. Interestingly, thousands of years ago, poets sappho 366 00:24:48,960 --> 00:24:51,800 Speaker 1: of lesbos out of ancient Greek who is a lesbian 367 00:24:52,000 --> 00:24:55,680 Speaker 1: icon of history, wrote you put on many wreaths of 368 00:24:55,800 --> 00:24:59,160 Speaker 1: violets and roses together by my side, and round your 369 00:24:59,200 --> 00:25:03,440 Speaker 1: tender neck put many woven garlands made from flowers. 370 00:25:05,080 --> 00:25:09,640 Speaker 2: So yeah, being being written about in a romantic poetic 371 00:25:09,680 --> 00:25:15,960 Speaker 2: way for millennia. Violets did also figure into an ancient 372 00:25:16,040 --> 00:25:20,560 Speaker 2: Greek myth about io When she was a human and 373 00:25:20,600 --> 00:25:26,560 Speaker 2: when Zeus fell for her because he was irrepressibly a 374 00:25:26,600 --> 00:25:31,960 Speaker 2: philander philanderer, she got turned into a cow and violets 375 00:25:31,960 --> 00:25:36,400 Speaker 2: were created for her to eat. The It's the myths 376 00:25:36,440 --> 00:25:40,080 Speaker 2: are unclear on who turned her into the cow, who 377 00:25:40,119 --> 00:25:42,080 Speaker 2: turned her into the cow, and who gave her the violets, 378 00:25:42,080 --> 00:25:43,520 Speaker 2: but that's the gist of the concept. 379 00:25:46,080 --> 00:25:50,240 Speaker 1: So many of these myths revolve around, well, we turned 380 00:25:50,240 --> 00:25:56,520 Speaker 1: her into x y Z animal. That's just it. Okay, Yep, 381 00:25:57,200 --> 00:26:01,800 Speaker 1: just happens sometimes. Yep, it does, it does. Going back 382 00:26:01,840 --> 00:26:03,919 Speaker 1: to a point I made earlier, at least since the 383 00:26:03,960 --> 00:26:07,679 Speaker 1: sixteen hundreds, we see this recurring theme of the violent 384 00:26:07,800 --> 00:26:12,080 Speaker 1: scent being described as melancholy or sad, as well as 385 00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:15,399 Speaker 1: in terms of music. Some speculate this is because of 386 00:26:15,480 --> 00:26:19,719 Speaker 1: the violet's unique fragrance properties that cause humans to experience 387 00:26:19,760 --> 00:26:23,920 Speaker 1: it and burst like something fading away only to return 388 00:26:23,960 --> 00:26:26,800 Speaker 1: again later. I think that's so cool. 389 00:26:27,119 --> 00:26:28,919 Speaker 2: That's so interesting, it really is. 390 00:26:31,400 --> 00:26:34,800 Speaker 1: I love that it got incorporated into art, even though 391 00:26:34,840 --> 00:26:37,080 Speaker 1: people might not have necessarily understood. 392 00:26:37,400 --> 00:26:41,040 Speaker 2: Yeah, but they were like, this is a weird thing. Yeah, 393 00:26:41,800 --> 00:26:43,800 Speaker 2: let's be metaphorical about that. Cool. 394 00:26:44,600 --> 00:26:50,840 Speaker 1: Yes, which brings us to Shakespeare. Shakespeare was a big 395 00:26:50,880 --> 00:26:55,520 Speaker 1: fan of violets. Shakespeare's early sixteen hundred play Twelfth Night 396 00:26:55,920 --> 00:27:00,320 Speaker 1: references them quote, oh it came so over my ear, 397 00:27:00,480 --> 00:27:03,600 Speaker 1: like the sweet sound that breathes upon a bank of violets, 398 00:27:03,680 --> 00:27:07,399 Speaker 1: stealing and giving odor. Enough, no more, tis not so 399 00:27:07,560 --> 00:27:12,680 Speaker 1: sweet as it was before, which is the thing, like, yeah, 400 00:27:13,080 --> 00:27:14,359 Speaker 1: stealing and giving odor. 401 00:27:15,240 --> 00:27:20,320 Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, he wrote. Shakespeare wrote about violets a lot. 402 00:27:20,480 --> 00:27:22,160 Speaker 2: That was the point at which I had to stop 403 00:27:22,160 --> 00:27:25,320 Speaker 2: myself and go, like, this is a different episode. The 404 00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:31,880 Speaker 2: Shakespeare references alone are a different episode, let alone anything else. 405 00:27:33,640 --> 00:27:37,000 Speaker 1: Yeah, I think that's where I got. This whole section 406 00:27:37,480 --> 00:27:41,280 Speaker 1: got me stuck, because we do love learning about that 407 00:27:41,320 --> 00:27:41,960 Speaker 1: kind of stuff. 408 00:27:42,280 --> 00:27:47,679 Speaker 2: Oh yeah, it's super fascinating and I'm a big Shakespeare nerd. Anyway, 409 00:27:47,880 --> 00:27:49,960 Speaker 2: and okay, so but yes. 410 00:27:51,880 --> 00:27:55,760 Speaker 1: Yeah, just know if you're interested, there's a lot of 411 00:27:55,760 --> 00:27:57,120 Speaker 1: material out there for you. 412 00:27:57,400 --> 00:27:59,640 Speaker 2: There is, and we may revisit it later. 413 00:28:00,119 --> 00:28:07,159 Speaker 1: We may. Napoleon and Empress Josephine's favorite flower was reportedly 414 00:28:07,240 --> 00:28:11,960 Speaker 1: the European violet. Allegedly, he would give Josephine a bouquet 415 00:28:12,000 --> 00:28:16,520 Speaker 1: of them every year on their wedding anniversary. Even after 416 00:28:16,600 --> 00:28:19,800 Speaker 1: he divorced and died, he was buried with the locket 417 00:28:19,880 --> 00:28:23,720 Speaker 1: of her hair and some violets. Corn Twitter read Napoleon's 418 00:28:23,720 --> 00:28:26,719 Speaker 1: second wife, Mary Louise, liked violets too, so they were 419 00:28:26,800 --> 00:28:28,960 Speaker 1: very popular in France. Yeah. 420 00:28:29,000 --> 00:28:31,000 Speaker 2: I read that those violets that he was buried with 421 00:28:31,119 --> 00:28:32,560 Speaker 2: he had plucked from her grave. 422 00:28:33,160 --> 00:28:36,200 Speaker 1: Ooh yeah, that's some emo. 423 00:28:37,160 --> 00:28:42,400 Speaker 2: Okay, that's like Mary Shelley level emo. Yes, I adore it. 424 00:28:43,840 --> 00:28:46,800 Speaker 2: Right Around this time, in the seventeen to eighteen hundreds, 425 00:28:46,800 --> 00:28:50,320 Speaker 2: there are records of color changing ink being made from 426 00:28:50,440 --> 00:28:52,960 Speaker 2: violet juice as a sort of parlor trick in France 427 00:28:53,000 --> 00:28:56,120 Speaker 2: and England. So like going back to that color changing 428 00:28:56,160 --> 00:28:58,640 Speaker 2: property of acid versus base, right, Like if you paint 429 00:28:58,680 --> 00:29:01,840 Speaker 2: a piece of paper with a clear acid on one 430 00:29:01,880 --> 00:29:07,480 Speaker 2: bit and a clear base on another, something like lemon 431 00:29:07,560 --> 00:29:10,000 Speaker 2: juice on one part and like baking soda and water 432 00:29:10,160 --> 00:29:12,040 Speaker 2: on another part. Or you know you would have used 433 00:29:12,040 --> 00:29:14,680 Speaker 2: potash at the time, but sure, And then you write 434 00:29:14,800 --> 00:29:18,680 Speaker 2: or draw over both sections of the paper using violet 435 00:29:18,760 --> 00:29:21,840 Speaker 2: juice as your ink. You'll get reds on the acid 436 00:29:21,920 --> 00:29:27,240 Speaker 2: part and then greens on the base part. 437 00:29:27,760 --> 00:29:30,600 Speaker 1: That is so cool. You told me when you suggest 438 00:29:30,720 --> 00:29:32,360 Speaker 1: this topic. You were like, it's going to be a 439 00:29:32,400 --> 00:29:35,800 Speaker 1: lot of different avenues and you were crooks. 440 00:29:37,560 --> 00:29:43,280 Speaker 2: Oh it is it is speaking of in England, violets 441 00:29:43,400 --> 00:29:47,840 Speaker 2: had around this time, Ish gained an association with like 442 00:29:48,080 --> 00:29:54,200 Speaker 2: shy feminine modesty, you know, the shrinking violet, possibly because 443 00:29:54,240 --> 00:29:57,520 Speaker 2: of that scent thing, or possibly because the plants kind 444 00:29:57,560 --> 00:29:59,560 Speaker 2: of like hide amongst other greenery. 445 00:30:01,600 --> 00:30:07,080 Speaker 1: Yes, and violets were very popular during Victorian and Edwardian 446 00:30:07,160 --> 00:30:11,680 Speaker 1: times in Europe, largely as a cut flower. During this time, 447 00:30:11,720 --> 00:30:16,240 Speaker 1: they were really sought after for their beauty and their perfume. 448 00:30:16,760 --> 00:30:19,600 Speaker 2: Both to wear on a pin or buttonhole or as 449 00:30:19,600 --> 00:30:23,600 Speaker 2: a perfume or to eat as a breath freshener and 450 00:30:23,640 --> 00:30:25,000 Speaker 2: a flavor of retreats. 451 00:30:25,560 --> 00:30:29,440 Speaker 1: Yes. In France, there was a push to breed varieties 452 00:30:29,480 --> 00:30:32,920 Speaker 1: that were more fragrant and have longer stems. A lot 453 00:30:32,960 --> 00:30:36,480 Speaker 1: of different varieties were described in French sources beginning around 454 00:30:36,480 --> 00:30:39,040 Speaker 1: the end of the eighteen hundreds, so they were really 455 00:30:39,040 --> 00:30:43,360 Speaker 1: pushing this. This is also when violets got incorporated into 456 00:30:43,440 --> 00:30:47,200 Speaker 1: all kinds of things in France, candied violets, violet syrup, 457 00:30:47,400 --> 00:30:50,720 Speaker 1: violet perfumes, and ice cream. They were just looking to 458 00:30:50,720 --> 00:30:55,120 Speaker 1: add it to anything. Chocolates with violet cream and topped 459 00:30:55,120 --> 00:30:58,080 Speaker 1: with violets were popular in England at this time too, 460 00:30:59,240 --> 00:31:03,520 Speaker 1: and yes, crim de violets brandy with added sugars and 461 00:31:03,560 --> 00:31:06,680 Speaker 1: steeped in violets, has been around since at least the 462 00:31:06,760 --> 00:31:10,560 Speaker 1: nineteenth century. It was typically served with something like vermouse 463 00:31:11,200 --> 00:31:17,200 Speaker 1: until the Aviation cocktail, which was allegedly invented in nineteen 464 00:31:17,240 --> 00:31:23,440 Speaker 1: sixteen separate episode. After a major producer closed their doors 465 00:31:23,480 --> 00:31:27,840 Speaker 1: in the sixties, this product, krim de violet, almost faded 466 00:31:27,840 --> 00:31:31,920 Speaker 1: away until the two thousands. Towards the end of the 467 00:31:31,960 --> 00:31:35,920 Speaker 1: eighteen hundreds early nineteen hundreds, the Hudson Valley in New 468 00:31:36,040 --> 00:31:42,200 Speaker 1: York was facing this sharp economic downturn. Greenhouses owned by 469 00:31:42,240 --> 00:31:46,840 Speaker 1: the wealthy weren't being maintained, and then a britishman named 470 00:31:47,000 --> 00:31:51,200 Speaker 1: William Saltford got the idea to use these greenhouses to 471 00:31:51,280 --> 00:31:56,600 Speaker 1: launch commercial industry around growing violets. His gambit paid off 472 00:31:56,720 --> 00:32:01,400 Speaker 1: as violets became popular in fashion and in nearby cities, 473 00:32:02,400 --> 00:32:06,479 Speaker 1: and that area was dubbed the violet Capital of the world. 474 00:32:07,880 --> 00:32:10,480 Speaker 1: This all changed in the twenties and thirties with the 475 00:32:10,520 --> 00:32:12,440 Speaker 1: fungal outbreak and the Great Depression. 476 00:32:13,680 --> 00:32:22,080 Speaker 2: Huh. Meanwhile, there was a resurgence of violets as a 477 00:32:22,160 --> 00:32:27,640 Speaker 2: sapphic symbol in the nineteen twenties due to this stage 478 00:32:27,680 --> 00:32:31,360 Speaker 2: play called The Captive that was about lesbians and in 479 00:32:31,400 --> 00:32:36,440 Speaker 2: this one scene, the lady characters exchanged oukats of violets. 480 00:32:38,040 --> 00:32:41,360 Speaker 2: Supporters of the show in Paris took to wearing violets. 481 00:32:43,160 --> 00:32:45,440 Speaker 2: But the play caused such a stir in New York 482 00:32:45,480 --> 00:32:48,480 Speaker 2: that it got shut down by the police and apparently 483 00:32:48,560 --> 00:32:52,160 Speaker 2: might have tanked the American violet floral industry. 484 00:32:55,000 --> 00:32:58,960 Speaker 1: It's both sad and hilarious, as both people look me 485 00:32:59,120 --> 00:33:04,440 Speaker 1: up to come on, man, these flowers are gay. 486 00:33:07,560 --> 00:33:11,760 Speaker 2: Oh no, now that you mentioned that other thing about 487 00:33:11,800 --> 00:33:14,840 Speaker 2: the about the Hudson Valley and the fungal outbreak. I 488 00:33:15,560 --> 00:33:17,440 Speaker 2: suspect that was more the issue, but. 489 00:33:19,240 --> 00:33:23,040 Speaker 1: They probably dumptailed a little bit. But yeah, but. 490 00:33:23,000 --> 00:33:25,840 Speaker 2: Harper's Bizarre at the time was definitely like, oh yes, 491 00:33:25,880 --> 00:33:31,320 Speaker 2: this gay play to the bane of violet growers everywhere ruined. 492 00:33:34,520 --> 00:33:39,960 Speaker 1: Uh well, sweet violet production in England peaked in the 493 00:33:40,080 --> 00:33:44,880 Speaker 1: nineteen thirties but then kind of went downhill. 494 00:33:45,160 --> 00:33:47,440 Speaker 2: Yeah, I think that there were a few weather events 495 00:33:47,480 --> 00:33:51,080 Speaker 2: around Europe that made growing kind of difficult, starting like 496 00:33:51,080 --> 00:33:55,320 Speaker 2: like around mid century. But speaking of mid century, there 497 00:33:55,360 --> 00:33:58,720 Speaker 2: were a couple of different tablet style candies that were 498 00:33:58,720 --> 00:34:00,840 Speaker 2: popular in the US and the UK around the mid 499 00:34:00,960 --> 00:34:07,480 Speaker 2: nineteen hundreds that had violet flavoring, Parma violets and showereds violet. 500 00:34:08,040 --> 00:34:10,200 Speaker 1: I'm so glad you included that note, because I kept 501 00:34:10,280 --> 00:34:15,080 Speaker 1: running into Parma violets and I couldn't couldn't quite figure out. 502 00:34:16,480 --> 00:34:19,640 Speaker 2: Oh yeah, just a real popular candy. But also a 503 00:34:19,760 --> 00:34:23,600 Speaker 2: variety of violets that originally came from Italy that became 504 00:34:23,760 --> 00:34:29,080 Speaker 2: very popular in coastal France. Especially if you start looking 505 00:34:29,200 --> 00:34:34,960 Speaker 2: up like specific varietals that were developed around that area, 506 00:34:35,640 --> 00:34:38,680 Speaker 2: you start hearing a lot about Parma violets. 507 00:34:38,360 --> 00:34:41,279 Speaker 1: Yes, it was the first thing that came up in 508 00:34:41,320 --> 00:34:46,719 Speaker 1: all my search results, and I was taken aback. So 509 00:34:47,640 --> 00:34:50,240 Speaker 1: this is one of those episodes where we have talked 510 00:34:50,239 --> 00:34:53,960 Speaker 1: a lot about non food stuff. I would say violets 511 00:34:54,040 --> 00:34:57,240 Speaker 1: have seen a bit of a resurgence in the culinary world, 512 00:34:57,360 --> 00:35:01,000 Speaker 1: at least in the US, especially when comes to cocktails 513 00:35:01,719 --> 00:35:04,600 Speaker 1: or as a garnish for drinks or salads. 514 00:35:06,239 --> 00:35:09,480 Speaker 2: Absolutely. I think all of the like fancy restaurants that 515 00:35:09,640 --> 00:35:12,920 Speaker 2: I've gone to anytime within the past like five years, 516 00:35:12,960 --> 00:35:17,799 Speaker 2: have had at some point a pretentious violet garnish. 517 00:35:17,280 --> 00:35:23,040 Speaker 1: On the plate. Yeah. That feels about It's kind of 518 00:35:23,080 --> 00:35:25,719 Speaker 1: sad because you know that they have so much more potential. 519 00:35:25,760 --> 00:35:28,000 Speaker 1: But I do feel like we're when it comes to 520 00:35:28,160 --> 00:35:30,560 Speaker 1: edible flowers, a lot of times we still use it 521 00:35:30,600 --> 00:35:34,000 Speaker 1: as like a garnish or a nice a fancy. 522 00:35:33,640 --> 00:35:38,200 Speaker 2: Salad, right right, Yeah, and like not particularly meant to 523 00:35:38,239 --> 00:35:42,440 Speaker 2: be appreciated for the scent or even even to eat maybe, 524 00:35:43,239 --> 00:35:48,239 Speaker 2: but yeah, but yeah, that resurgence I think was partially 525 00:35:48,280 --> 00:35:52,719 Speaker 2: spurred by the Kraft cocktail movement of the early two thousands, 526 00:35:52,760 --> 00:35:56,880 Speaker 2: because one of those drinks that just suddenly surged onto 527 00:35:56,920 --> 00:36:01,680 Speaker 2: menus everywhere along with a few other classic was the aviation, 528 00:36:02,120 --> 00:36:04,400 Speaker 2: So people were like, oh, what's this crime to be 529 00:36:04,520 --> 00:36:04,879 Speaker 2: let thing? 530 00:36:05,120 --> 00:36:11,040 Speaker 1: Let's go. Yeah, and as mentioned, it's a very striking cocktail. 531 00:36:11,080 --> 00:36:12,399 Speaker 1: It looks pretty. Yeah. 532 00:36:12,480 --> 00:36:14,840 Speaker 2: No, that purple color is nice, it's pretty. 533 00:36:15,560 --> 00:36:20,080 Speaker 1: It's very pretty. But listeners, if you have more experience 534 00:36:20,160 --> 00:36:25,839 Speaker 1: with eating violets or drinking violets in anyway, please let 535 00:36:26,000 --> 00:36:28,399 Speaker 1: us know. I'm so interested to hear. 536 00:36:28,960 --> 00:36:31,480 Speaker 2: Oh, yes, yes, if you have a favorite bit of 537 00:36:31,600 --> 00:36:33,880 Speaker 2: violet related poetry, let us. 538 00:36:33,760 --> 00:36:35,799 Speaker 1: Know any poetry. 539 00:36:36,400 --> 00:36:42,480 Speaker 2: Oh yeah, yeah, if you have any good food related poetry. Yeah, 540 00:36:42,560 --> 00:36:44,759 Speaker 2: but yes, that is what we have to say about 541 00:36:44,840 --> 00:36:48,359 Speaker 2: violets for now. We do already have some listener mail 542 00:36:48,400 --> 00:36:49,839 Speaker 2: for you, though, and we are going to get into 543 00:36:49,840 --> 00:36:51,319 Speaker 2: that as soon as we get back from one more 544 00:36:51,360 --> 00:36:58,040 Speaker 2: quick break for a word from our sponsors. 545 00:37:03,080 --> 00:37:06,080 Speaker 1: And we're back. Thank you, sponsor, Yes, thank you, And 546 00:37:06,120 --> 00:37:22,120 Speaker 1: we're back with since is gone now but perhaps we'll 547 00:37:22,160 --> 00:37:27,760 Speaker 1: come back. I love that. I think that's my favorite 548 00:37:27,760 --> 00:37:30,640 Speaker 1: fact of this episode. That is so interesting to me. 549 00:37:31,040 --> 00:37:34,600 Speaker 1: That ant thing is pretty cool is cool too. 550 00:37:34,640 --> 00:37:38,120 Speaker 2: But but the but I'm also I'm also a little 551 00:37:38,120 --> 00:37:39,920 Speaker 2: bit partial to ant facts. 552 00:37:42,600 --> 00:37:45,960 Speaker 1: Yes, that makes sense to me. I spent a lot 553 00:37:46,000 --> 00:37:49,439 Speaker 1: of time playing some aunt as a child. Ah, yes, 554 00:37:49,600 --> 00:37:55,120 Speaker 1: I did know this about you. Yes, okay, well I'm 555 00:37:55,120 --> 00:38:00,320 Speaker 1: glad we got to have an ant yes for this episode. 556 00:38:00,840 --> 00:38:06,759 Speaker 1: Yes all right. Well, as mentioned, a lot of you 557 00:38:06,800 --> 00:38:11,720 Speaker 1: have written in about Krispy Kreme. Please keep those messages coming. 558 00:38:12,600 --> 00:38:18,840 Speaker 1: You're loving them. So Joe wrote, Krispy Kreme was always 559 00:38:18,880 --> 00:38:20,640 Speaker 1: a treat when I was growing up because the nearest 560 00:38:20,680 --> 00:38:23,680 Speaker 1: city with the shop was forty minutes away. If friends 561 00:38:23,680 --> 00:38:25,880 Speaker 1: were in that city, they'd bring as a box and 562 00:38:25,960 --> 00:38:29,600 Speaker 1: vice versa. Buying four or five dozen was just normal 563 00:38:29,640 --> 00:38:33,799 Speaker 1: because of the distance. That scarcity was why Krispy kreame 564 00:38:33,960 --> 00:38:36,760 Speaker 1: fundraisers were always so successful. When I was a kid, 565 00:38:37,320 --> 00:38:41,239 Speaker 1: everyone was willing to buy a boxer two. Nowadays, my 566 00:38:41,320 --> 00:38:44,719 Speaker 1: hometown still doesn't have a dedicated store, though there are 567 00:38:44,960 --> 00:38:49,120 Speaker 1: some grocery stores that carry it. It's just not the same, 568 00:38:49,600 --> 00:38:53,799 Speaker 1: especially when they're hot. My hometown makes up for it 569 00:38:53,840 --> 00:38:57,120 Speaker 1: by having a number of really great local donut shops. 570 00:38:57,680 --> 00:39:02,759 Speaker 1: The craving is so real. Dunkin Donuts is far more 571 00:39:02,920 --> 00:39:06,640 Speaker 1: ubiquitous up here. It seems like you can't turn around 572 00:39:06,640 --> 00:39:10,080 Speaker 1: without tripping over one. But the nearest Krispy Cream is 573 00:39:10,120 --> 00:39:13,160 Speaker 1: in the suburbs time to make a special trip. 574 00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:18,080 Speaker 2: Yes, it's different things. It's different things. 575 00:39:19,000 --> 00:39:22,880 Speaker 1: It is different things. But I would say, like in 576 00:39:22,920 --> 00:39:27,719 Speaker 1: my experience Dunkin Donuts is I guess I can counter 577 00:39:27,840 --> 00:39:30,840 Speaker 1: Dunkin Donuts mostly when I'm traveling and there's always a 578 00:39:30,960 --> 00:39:35,439 Speaker 1: Dunkin Donuts. There's always an airport or in the airport. Yeah, 579 00:39:35,480 --> 00:39:38,640 Speaker 1: going back to that point we made about them kind 580 00:39:38,640 --> 00:39:43,240 Speaker 1: of prioritizing the like you're on the go getting. 581 00:39:42,560 --> 00:39:47,040 Speaker 2: And having like breakfast sandwiches and more coffee options stuff 582 00:39:47,080 --> 00:39:47,279 Speaker 2: like that. 583 00:39:47,480 --> 00:39:51,839 Speaker 1: Yeah. Yeah, but this is this is an interesting take. 584 00:39:52,000 --> 00:39:58,239 Speaker 1: I mean, forty minutes away from a Krispy Cream. That's 585 00:39:58,280 --> 00:40:00,359 Speaker 1: a little hard for me to envision as well, because 586 00:40:00,360 --> 00:40:01,280 Speaker 1: I've got so many. 587 00:40:01,160 --> 00:40:02,320 Speaker 2: Crispy Creams around. 588 00:40:03,160 --> 00:40:03,440 Speaker 1: Yeah. 589 00:40:03,680 --> 00:40:06,920 Speaker 2: Yeah, the South is the South is where they're from. 590 00:40:07,360 --> 00:40:07,920 Speaker 1: Yeah. 591 00:40:08,200 --> 00:40:10,440 Speaker 2: But but yeah, no, I mean like no, I mean, 592 00:40:10,440 --> 00:40:13,279 Speaker 2: if you're going you might as and you're and you're 593 00:40:13,320 --> 00:40:16,360 Speaker 2: traveling with them, you might as well get a few dozens. 594 00:40:16,400 --> 00:40:19,360 Speaker 2: Why not? This only makes logical sense. 595 00:40:19,600 --> 00:40:21,759 Speaker 1: That's a funny thing about donuts, is I feel like 596 00:40:21,800 --> 00:40:25,839 Speaker 1: that donut logic always happens. It's like I might as well, 597 00:40:25,880 --> 00:40:26,480 Speaker 1: get a dozen. 598 00:40:26,880 --> 00:40:27,440 Speaker 2: I mean why not? 599 00:40:28,040 --> 00:40:30,360 Speaker 1: Why not? I got friends, they'll eat some. 600 00:40:30,840 --> 00:40:33,080 Speaker 2: Yeah, if you're getting one dozen, you might as well 601 00:40:33,120 --> 00:40:36,920 Speaker 2: get too. I mean, what are you doing exactly? 602 00:40:37,000 --> 00:40:42,879 Speaker 1: It's just smart. You're just thinking, yeah, yeah. 603 00:40:40,200 --> 00:40:46,120 Speaker 2: You're one of the early times that I started, so 604 00:40:46,200 --> 00:40:49,200 Speaker 2: I was thinking about starting a food show when we 605 00:40:49,239 --> 00:40:53,600 Speaker 2: went to Austin together along with a number of our 606 00:40:53,640 --> 00:40:57,239 Speaker 2: other coworkers for south By Southwest. And one of the 607 00:40:57,239 --> 00:41:00,120 Speaker 2: things that made me go, like, what about Annie, you 608 00:41:00,120 --> 00:41:04,400 Speaker 2: should be on a food show was when you you 609 00:41:04,480 --> 00:41:06,960 Speaker 2: had a tip that if you showed up between shift 610 00:41:07,080 --> 00:41:11,440 Speaker 2: changes at Voodoo Donuts, they'll give you a bucket of donuts, 611 00:41:12,520 --> 00:41:16,080 Speaker 2: like a bucket, like a five gallon bucket of donuts, 612 00:41:16,120 --> 00:41:21,520 Speaker 2: and they'll basically just give it to you. Yeah, And 613 00:41:21,600 --> 00:41:23,680 Speaker 2: I was like, Annie knows, what's up? 614 00:41:24,000 --> 00:41:27,480 Speaker 1: Like this is great, we need this. 615 00:41:28,000 --> 00:41:28,239 Speaker 2: Yeah. 616 00:41:28,360 --> 00:41:29,919 Speaker 1: So we got a bucket of donuts because of course 617 00:41:29,920 --> 00:41:32,800 Speaker 1: we did. Of course, I was lovely. It was lovely. 618 00:41:33,120 --> 00:41:34,920 Speaker 1: It was that was a good time. We had a 619 00:41:34,960 --> 00:41:41,680 Speaker 1: good time. Yeah, yeah, what a weird but lovely trip. Yes, indeed, Carrie. 620 00:41:41,360 --> 00:41:44,480 Speaker 2: Wrote hello and thank you for yet another episode full 621 00:41:44,480 --> 00:41:46,799 Speaker 2: of nostalgia for me. Have you done an episode on 622 00:41:46,880 --> 00:41:50,120 Speaker 2: Lance sandwich crackers. We call them nabs. If you do that, 623 00:41:50,200 --> 00:41:53,360 Speaker 2: I may very well travel back in time. For me, 624 00:41:53,600 --> 00:41:57,600 Speaker 2: Krispy Kreme and church go together like well donuts and coffee. 625 00:41:58,000 --> 00:42:00,520 Speaker 2: Here in North Carolina, you can never go wrong bringing 626 00:42:00,560 --> 00:42:03,759 Speaker 2: a dozen glazed to church. You won't have any leftovers either. 627 00:42:04,360 --> 00:42:07,080 Speaker 2: Decades ago, someone had the idea to provide Sunday school 628 00:42:07,120 --> 00:42:10,200 Speaker 2: students with SODA's and Krispy Kreme right before classes began. 629 00:42:10,760 --> 00:42:13,279 Speaker 2: That didn't last long, as the kids threw themselves at 630 00:42:13,320 --> 00:42:15,560 Speaker 2: the snack table and got all sugared up before having 631 00:42:15,600 --> 00:42:18,839 Speaker 2: to sit still for forty five minutes. My parents would 632 00:42:18,920 --> 00:42:21,120 Speaker 2: very occasionally drive by Krispy Cream on the way home 633 00:42:21,160 --> 00:42:24,360 Speaker 2: from church just to see if they had hot donuts, 634 00:42:24,440 --> 00:42:26,440 Speaker 2: and of course it would be a shame not to 635 00:42:26,480 --> 00:42:29,360 Speaker 2: stop in while those donuts were hot, but most of 636 00:42:29,400 --> 00:42:31,280 Speaker 2: the time we took a different route home from church. 637 00:42:31,760 --> 00:42:36,120 Speaker 2: My favorites are the original Glazed and the crueler Ah memories. 638 00:42:38,080 --> 00:42:40,879 Speaker 1: This is so interesting that you wrote in about this 639 00:42:41,239 --> 00:42:48,480 Speaker 1: because I used to. I struggled to sit through church 640 00:42:48,680 --> 00:42:51,520 Speaker 1: as a kid, and my parents would offer me a 641 00:42:51,600 --> 00:42:52,600 Speaker 1: donut after. 642 00:42:53,000 --> 00:42:55,720 Speaker 2: Oh the marshmallow test. 643 00:42:55,880 --> 00:42:57,160 Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, like. 644 00:42:59,040 --> 00:43:02,240 Speaker 2: You can have this thing later if you really behave 645 00:43:02,320 --> 00:43:03,239 Speaker 2: yourself right now. 646 00:43:04,080 --> 00:43:08,080 Speaker 1: Yes, yes, so I can't imagine if i'd have the 647 00:43:08,120 --> 00:43:09,040 Speaker 1: donut before. 648 00:43:11,320 --> 00:43:17,880 Speaker 2: Oh no, no that point. Yeah, you're hyped up. You've 649 00:43:17,920 --> 00:43:21,759 Speaker 2: had a treat. No, no, that's not gonna work out. Well, no, 650 00:43:22,840 --> 00:43:27,200 Speaker 2: but they are. I mean again, you get a dozen donuts. 651 00:43:27,600 --> 00:43:31,520 Speaker 2: It's great for an event. It's easy, and people love them. 652 00:43:31,560 --> 00:43:32,359 Speaker 2: People love them. 653 00:43:33,360 --> 00:43:35,680 Speaker 1: They bring joy and it. 654 00:43:35,640 --> 00:43:37,920 Speaker 2: Would be a shame not to stop while the donuts 655 00:43:37,920 --> 00:43:38,360 Speaker 2: are hot. 656 00:43:39,760 --> 00:43:43,920 Speaker 1: That's how they get you. You can't not stop if 657 00:43:43,920 --> 00:43:45,240 Speaker 1: the hot signs on. 658 00:43:46,200 --> 00:43:49,160 Speaker 2: I just drive responsibly. 659 00:43:50,040 --> 00:43:53,720 Speaker 1: Yes, look before you turn. 660 00:43:54,880 --> 00:43:57,400 Speaker 2: Now. I'm wondering how many people in Atlanta have like 661 00:43:57,440 --> 00:44:00,000 Speaker 2: a near death Krispy Kream related experience. 662 00:44:01,000 --> 00:44:04,320 Speaker 1: I think the number is probably pretty high, to be honest, 663 00:44:05,160 --> 00:44:11,800 Speaker 1: I suspect so as well. Wow, listeners, if you've had 664 00:44:11,840 --> 00:44:17,000 Speaker 1: a dangerous encounter with Krispy Kreme or any Krispy Creame stories, 665 00:44:17,040 --> 00:44:19,560 Speaker 1: we would love to hear from you. You can email 666 00:44:19,640 --> 00:44:21,680 Speaker 1: us at hello at savorpod dot com. 667 00:44:21,960 --> 00:44:23,960 Speaker 2: We are also on social media. You can find us 668 00:44:24,000 --> 00:44:27,040 Speaker 2: on blue Sky and Instagram at savor pod, and we 669 00:44:27,080 --> 00:44:30,000 Speaker 2: do hope to hear from you savor is production of iHeartRadio. 670 00:44:30,200 --> 00:44:32,239 Speaker 2: For more podcasts from my Heart Radio, you can visit 671 00:44:32,239 --> 00:44:35,120 Speaker 2: the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to 672 00:44:35,120 --> 00:44:37,920 Speaker 2: your favorite shows. Thanks as always to our super producers 673 00:44:38,000 --> 00:44:40,680 Speaker 2: Dylan Fagan and Andrew Howard. Thanks to you for listening, 674 00:44:40,760 --> 00:44:42,520 Speaker 2: and we hope that lots more good things are coming 675 00:44:42,560 --> 00:44:50,640 Speaker 2: your way.