WEBVTT - False Dmitry: False, or Heir to the Russian Throne? 0:00:01.560 --> 0:00:05.240 Welcome to Criminalia, a production of Shonda Land Audio in 0:00:05.280 --> 0:00:14.280 partnership with I Heart Radio. Hello, and welcome to the 0:00:14.320 --> 0:00:17.760 third season of Criminalia. This season, we're exploring the lives 0:00:17.760 --> 0:00:21.280 and motivations of some of the most notorious impostors throughout history. 0:00:21.800 --> 0:00:25.480 I'm Maria Tremarquis and I'm Holly Frying. In this episode 0:00:25.520 --> 0:00:29.480 takes us to seventeenth century Russia. This was a very 0:00:29.600 --> 0:00:32.440 unstable time in Russia, and most of this story takes 0:00:32.479 --> 0:00:36.720 place when the country was ravaged by uprisings and major famine. 0:00:37.520 --> 0:00:39.600 So before we begin, we just want to note that 0:00:39.680 --> 0:00:43.000 Russian history is really thick here with wars and treason 0:00:43.080 --> 0:00:45.440 and conspiracy, and we're going to try to keep the 0:00:45.440 --> 0:00:49.520 spotlight on our subject, false Dmitri. But we will still 0:00:49.560 --> 0:00:52.840 have some war and treason and conspiracy because you're gonna 0:00:52.880 --> 0:00:55.400 need a little bit of that for context, and there 0:00:55.440 --> 0:00:57.720 will also be a coup de toass So really the 0:00:57.760 --> 0:01:03.200 full complement of historical bag exactly. It begins when Szar 0:01:03.360 --> 0:01:06.880 Ivan the fourth died in Fight four and yes, that 0:01:07.240 --> 0:01:10.360 is Ivan the Terrible. So when Ivan the fourth died, 0:01:10.400 --> 0:01:13.760 he was succeeded by his son Theodore Theodor had an 0:01:13.760 --> 0:01:16.760 older brother named Ivan, after their father, who had been 0:01:16.840 --> 0:01:20.840 killed in one most likely by their father. The two 0:01:20.880 --> 0:01:23.880 men had gotten into a dispute, and while the actual 0:01:24.040 --> 0:01:27.160 fatal injury may have been an accident, it really doesn't 0:01:27.280 --> 0:01:30.160 make a whole lot of difference. It doesn't make anything better. 0:01:30.600 --> 0:01:33.600 In any case, the son who had been heir apparent 0:01:33.760 --> 0:01:37.080 was gone, meaning that Theodore, who had not been expected 0:01:37.120 --> 0:01:42.119 to rule, was now the next in line. Throughout his life, 0:01:42.480 --> 0:01:45.920 Theodore had always been considered weak, but now in this 0:01:45.959 --> 0:01:49.000 position he was not expected to take a czar. He 0:01:49.040 --> 0:01:52.600 was considered pretty much incompetent. It was known that he 0:01:52.640 --> 0:01:56.640 really didn't care much for politics, and seeing this opportunity 0:01:56.720 --> 0:02:01.400 to control the weeks are, Boris, goodnob Russian statesman who 0:02:01.440 --> 0:02:04.720 also was Feodor's brother in law, became a de facto 0:02:04.800 --> 0:02:08.040 regent for Feodor, a decision that was put in place 0:02:08.120 --> 0:02:12.640 prior to the Czar's death. How very convenient that act 0:02:12.880 --> 0:02:15.880 opened up the pass to the throne for Boris. To 0:02:16.000 --> 0:02:20.120 better secure his position, Boris sent Ivan, the fourth youngest son, Dmitri, 0:02:20.320 --> 0:02:23.919 and Dmitri's mother into exile. This is where Dmitri, who 0:02:24.040 --> 0:02:27.560 was an eight year old, mysteriously died. What was believed 0:02:27.600 --> 0:02:30.920 to be true but not proven, was that his death 0:02:31.000 --> 0:02:33.840 was an assassination attempt made to look like an accident. 0:02:34.360 --> 0:02:38.000 There were also two far fetched explanations here. One that 0:02:38.080 --> 0:02:42.400 circulated reported that Dmitri stabbed himself in the throat during 0:02:42.400 --> 0:02:44.600 a seizure while he was playing with a knife, and 0:02:44.760 --> 0:02:48.959 the official statement was that Dmitri had died of suicide. 0:02:49.160 --> 0:02:52.560 But again it really doesn't matter by what method though, 0:02:52.600 --> 0:02:55.600 because Dmitri was dead and Boris was clear to take 0:02:55.600 --> 0:02:59.280 the throne, so Feodor reigned. And we got to put 0:02:59.280 --> 0:03:02.080 that word in air quotes, because with Boris in the 0:03:02.120 --> 0:03:05.760 picture and Theodore essentially checked out of his duties, he 0:03:05.880 --> 0:03:11.560 really reigned in name only. Yes, Theodore had married, incidentally, 0:03:11.600 --> 0:03:15.800 Boris's sister, Arena, in Fight, and this is actually one 0:03:15.840 --> 0:03:19.519 of those rare instances where an arranged marriage between strangers 0:03:19.520 --> 0:03:22.000 as part of kind of a business agreement of state 0:03:22.639 --> 0:03:25.760 actually works out pretty well. Theodor and Arena were by 0:03:25.800 --> 0:03:29.359 all accounts, very devoted to one another and quite happy. 0:03:29.400 --> 0:03:32.679 But their one child, a daughter who was very much beloved, 0:03:33.000 --> 0:03:35.800 died when she was still a toddler, so there was 0:03:35.920 --> 0:03:38.760 no heir from that union and the family line died 0:03:38.840 --> 0:03:42.840 with Fyodor the first. That sad state of affairs was 0:03:42.920 --> 0:03:46.120 to just get another piece of good fortune for Boris, though, 0:03:46.760 --> 0:03:49.160 because there was now no heir to contest his claim, 0:03:49.280 --> 0:03:52.760 he was elected successor by the Great National Assembly, so 0:03:52.840 --> 0:03:56.760 from start to finish he ruled as de facto regent 0:03:56.880 --> 0:04:01.920 from five to and then and as sar Boris from 0:04:03.120 --> 0:04:09.040 sixteen o five. Russian historim Nikolai Karamzine, who's said to 0:04:09.080 --> 0:04:12.120 be a little bit biased in his writings, condemned the 0:04:12.280 --> 0:04:15.840 quote criminal ambition of Boris and then called him a 0:04:16.000 --> 0:04:20.640 power loving man whose quote punishment of heaven awaited him. 0:04:20.760 --> 0:04:24.120 Interesting quotes about this man is all I'm gonna say. Clearly, 0:04:24.160 --> 0:04:28.280 not a fan, right, but I guess we can take 0:04:28.279 --> 0:04:31.279 it with a grain of salt. But all this stage 0:04:31.320 --> 0:04:34.719 setting is actually to talk about Dmitri, Yes, the Dmitri 0:04:34.800 --> 0:04:38.680 who died in exile by possibly an assassination, possibly his 0:04:38.760 --> 0:04:43.080 own hand, or possibly by accident, and what happened after 0:04:43.120 --> 0:04:46.360 his death. Finally, we're gonna go to sixteen o five 0:04:47.120 --> 0:04:50.680 because in sixteen o five, the first of three impostors 0:04:50.760 --> 0:04:55.120 claiming to be Dmitri Ivanovitch emerged right, and these impostors 0:04:55.160 --> 0:04:59.320 are known as false Dmitri. A false Dmitri is also 0:04:59.440 --> 0:05:03.680 called a pseudo Demetrius, and it isn't one single person 0:05:03.720 --> 0:05:06.839 who gets this name. The term refers to all of 0:05:06.880 --> 0:05:11.280 the individual impostors who, after I'man the fourth Death, pretended 0:05:11.320 --> 0:05:15.440 to be Dmitri. Because, as we learned from Anastasia Romano story, 0:05:15.480 --> 0:05:18.159 a royal child who disappears leaves a lot of room 0:05:18.200 --> 0:05:22.680 for people to claim their identity. So here are the players. 0:05:22.720 --> 0:05:25.599 The first false Dmitri is the biggest of the stories 0:05:25.600 --> 0:05:28.039 that we're going to talk about today, and that's because 0:05:28.080 --> 0:05:31.640 he actually did become the Czar of Russia. His reign 0:05:31.720 --> 0:05:34.920 lasted from June tenth, sixteen o five, to May seventeen, 0:05:35.040 --> 0:05:38.960 sixteen o six. And then there was the second false Dmitri, 0:05:39.160 --> 0:05:43.120 who actively impersonated the real Dmitri Ivanovitch from sixteen o 0:05:43.240 --> 0:05:46.919 seven to sixteen ten, and then the third false Dmitri. 0:05:47.680 --> 0:05:50.680 That's right, the hits just keep on coming. Uh pretended 0:05:50.720 --> 0:05:53.200 that he was heir to the throne between sixteen eleven 0:05:53.200 --> 0:05:56.200 and sixteen twelve. And all three of these stories are 0:05:56.279 --> 0:05:59.480 quite different, but all three of these men met violent 0:05:59.680 --> 0:06:03.600 in each of these pretenders to the Russian throne claimed 0:06:03.600 --> 0:06:07.440 to have miraculously escaped the assassination attempt that was supposed 0:06:07.440 --> 0:06:10.680 to have claimed the real Dmitri's life. Additionally, in the 0:06:10.720 --> 0:06:14.040 case of the second and third false Dmitri, they both 0:06:14.080 --> 0:06:17.400 also claimed to have escaped the assassinations that had targeted 0:06:17.480 --> 0:06:21.440 the previous false Dmitri. I know that sounds really confusing, 0:06:21.440 --> 0:06:24.680 but basically everyone here seems to claim that they have 0:06:24.800 --> 0:06:30.640 escaped all assassination attempts, And just to further complicate matters, 0:06:30.640 --> 0:06:32.440 there is one more thing that we need to talk 0:06:32.480 --> 0:06:36.799 about regarding these impostors. There are also very minor hints 0:06:36.800 --> 0:06:39.919 and rumors that there may be sort of may have 0:06:40.040 --> 0:06:43.880 even been a fourth false Dmitri. And these lines are 0:06:43.880 --> 0:06:47.120 pretty blurry because this all happened more than four years ago. 0:06:47.640 --> 0:06:50.160 There isn't much of a debate though, to modern experts, 0:06:50.200 --> 0:06:53.640 because most of them think that he is not to 0:06:53.720 --> 0:06:57.920 be considered as his own individual person. He is generally 0:06:57.960 --> 0:07:01.320 considered to actually have been the third false Dmitri just 0:07:01.400 --> 0:07:04.280 kind of mixed up in the historical record. So in 0:07:04.360 --> 0:07:07.560 one example of fourth false Dmitri was rumored to have 0:07:07.640 --> 0:07:11.320 been active between sixteen eleven and sixteen twelve. But those 0:07:11.360 --> 0:07:13.920 are the same years you just heard us mention in 0:07:13.960 --> 0:07:16.880 relation to the third false Dmitri. And it's one of 0:07:16.880 --> 0:07:20.760 those cases where historical information may be inaccurate or lost 0:07:20.800 --> 0:07:24.080 over the centuries, or that it just got conflated with 0:07:24.120 --> 0:07:27.200 other information through word of mouth. So we wanted to 0:07:27.240 --> 0:07:30.120 mention that rumor. But because there just isn't nearly enough 0:07:30.160 --> 0:07:32.760 evidence to prove that he was a real person, we're 0:07:32.760 --> 0:07:35.040 gonna follow the experts who know a bit more about 0:07:35.040 --> 0:07:37.600 this than we do and just assume that any information 0:07:37.640 --> 0:07:40.960 about him is really about the third false Dmitri. So 0:07:41.400 --> 0:07:45.600 that is all you're gonna hear about the fourth false Dmitri. 0:07:46.880 --> 0:07:49.600 We've jumped ahead, but we're clearing him off the record. Yes, 0:07:51.240 --> 0:07:53.239 we're gonna take a break for a word from our sponsor. 0:07:53.320 --> 0:07:57.480 When we're back, we'll finally talk about the first false Dmitri. 0:08:03.480 --> 0:08:07.720 Welcome back to Criminalia. So, as promised, we will start 0:08:07.720 --> 0:08:10.440 with the first false Dmitri and the time that he 0:08:10.560 --> 0:08:14.520 was maybe shot out of a cannon. Maybe the first 0:08:14.680 --> 0:08:17.400 false Dmitri was the Tsar of Russia from sixteen o 0:08:17.520 --> 0:08:21.120 five to sixteen o six. His real name, though, was 0:08:21.360 --> 0:08:25.080 not Dmitri No. Prior to claiming that he had a 0:08:25.200 --> 0:08:29.440 right to the Russian throne, his name was GRIGORYO Trepiev 0:08:29.840 --> 0:08:32.960 and he came from an aristocratic family. He was often 0:08:33.040 --> 0:08:36.720 seen mingling among the elite class, including the romanofs. The 0:08:36.840 --> 0:08:39.520 Romanov family, if you are not familiar with the timeline 0:08:39.520 --> 0:08:42.920 of Russian history, came immediately after what we're talking about 0:08:42.920 --> 0:08:45.520 in this episode. They became the reigning Imperial House of 0:08:45.600 --> 0:08:48.839 Russia between sixteen thirteen, and then that went on until 0:08:48.920 --> 0:08:54.640 nineteen and then Grigory, who had been this aristocrat, became 0:08:54.679 --> 0:08:58.319 a monk, and it was as a monk who he 0:08:58.400 --> 0:09:00.720 was probably defraged, and it was believed he was on 0:09:00.760 --> 0:09:04.120 the run from something or someone. When he appeared in 0:09:04.160 --> 0:09:07.960 the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth in six three, claiming he was 0:09:08.080 --> 0:09:11.120 Dmitri Ivanovitch, the son of Czar five and the fourth, 0:09:11.520 --> 0:09:14.960 he explained that he had escaped an assassination attempt during 0:09:14.960 --> 0:09:17.360 his childhood. He had been hiding for years under a 0:09:17.400 --> 0:09:19.760 false identity, but now he was coming forward as the 0:09:19.880 --> 0:09:23.160 rightful heir to the throne. As the first false Dmitri, 0:09:23.360 --> 0:09:26.520 he was successful in ascending to the Russian throne. And 0:09:26.559 --> 0:09:30.280 it sounds like fiction, right a pretends are wearing the crown. 0:09:30.760 --> 0:09:32.800 But he did it, and he actually did it with 0:09:32.840 --> 0:09:35.920 a lot of support and backing. He was supported by 0:09:35.920 --> 0:09:41.199 both Polish Lithuanian nobles and King Zigmundwaza the third Waza 0:09:41.240 --> 0:09:43.640 was King of Poland, but not only king of Poland. 0:09:43.880 --> 0:09:46.640 He had inherited the Swedish throne and he was also 0:09:46.679 --> 0:09:50.320 the Grand Duke of Lithuania. For him to recognize Grigory 0:09:50.400 --> 0:09:54.960 as Dmitri Ivanovitch was both notable and extremely influential in 0:09:54.960 --> 0:09:59.800 Gregory's successful impersonation. This support there wasn't because he was 0:10:00.080 --> 0:10:04.240 charismatic or they were feeling particularly benevolent that day. The 0:10:04.240 --> 0:10:07.640 Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth had an interest in this because they 0:10:07.679 --> 0:10:10.760 wanted to control Moscow and the emergence of this false 0:10:10.840 --> 0:10:15.320 Dmitri was seen as an opportunity to regain influence in Russia. Well, 0:10:15.440 --> 0:10:17.079 it would be interesting to take a dive into the 0:10:17.120 --> 0:10:21.000 relationship between Russia and the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth. We're going 0:10:21.040 --> 0:10:24.400 to keep it on False Dmitri and how a lot 0:10:24.679 --> 0:10:29.319 of Russians seized the opportunity for change and got behind him. 0:10:29.360 --> 0:10:33.440 So you'll remember Czar Boris from earlier. He ruled after 0:10:33.520 --> 0:10:37.080 Fiodor the first, and Boris died in April of sixteen 0:10:37.080 --> 0:10:40.320 o five, and his one son, Theodore the second, did 0:10:40.360 --> 0:10:42.760 succeed him, but he only ruled for a few months. 0:10:43.559 --> 0:10:46.760 Theodore the second and his mother were assassinated in June 0:10:46.800 --> 0:10:49.559 of sixteen o five. That was believed to have been 0:10:49.559 --> 0:10:53.240 a powerful political move by the first False Dmitri to 0:10:53.440 --> 0:10:56.720 ensure that the crown would be his. The first false 0:10:56.800 --> 0:10:59.960 Dmitri actually did have the support and acceptance as who 0:11:00.120 --> 0:11:02.720 he claimed to be, and with the help from political 0:11:02.760 --> 0:11:06.600 allies and the support of the Russian people, he seized Moscow. 0:11:07.080 --> 0:11:10.720 So historian Chester L. Dunning noted, though, that the first 0:11:10.800 --> 0:11:14.240 False Dmitri was and this is a quote, the only 0:11:14.320 --> 0:11:16.520 Tsar ever raised to the throne by means of a 0:11:16.559 --> 0:11:21.520 military campaign and popular uprisings. He was crowned in July 0:11:21.600 --> 0:11:25.000 of six five, and later that year married Marina Manusi, 0:11:25.280 --> 0:11:29.560 a Polish noble woman. Surprisingly, Maria Nagaya, who was the 0:11:29.640 --> 0:11:33.920 mother of the real Dmitri, accepted this first false Dmitri 0:11:34.080 --> 0:11:37.480 as her son, and as a consequence that confirmed the 0:11:37.480 --> 0:11:40.839 whole thing for many that he was, in fact Dmitri Ivanovitch. 0:11:41.480 --> 0:11:44.040 The first false Dmitri was. It turned out more than 0:11:44.120 --> 0:11:47.560 just well educated, he was a capable ruler, and he 0:11:47.600 --> 0:11:50.000 was able to keep his scam going for much longer 0:11:50.040 --> 0:11:53.160 than the other impostors. And he ruled for about eleven 0:11:53.240 --> 0:11:56.719 months before he was assassinated. Yeah, I have to give 0:11:56.800 --> 0:11:58.439 him props. I mean, we've talked about a lot of 0:11:58.520 --> 0:12:01.680 impostors on the show, and the usually get found out 0:12:01.760 --> 0:12:06.040 way earlier than eleven months into running a country. Plus 0:12:06.080 --> 0:12:08.520 all the campaign that he did before it like this 0:12:08.559 --> 0:12:13.480 is amazing. Here's what led up to that moment. At 0:12:13.520 --> 0:12:17.040 the very beginning of the first False Dmitri's rule, Vasili 0:12:17.280 --> 0:12:22.640 Ivanovitch Shuizy was convicted of treason. Prince Vasili Shuiski was 0:12:22.760 --> 0:12:25.559 a descendant of one of the oldest and most illustrious 0:12:25.600 --> 0:12:28.920 families of Russia. He was given a light sentence, though 0:12:28.960 --> 0:12:33.120 it was only briefly exiled, But once he returned to Moscow, 0:12:33.320 --> 0:12:37.800 Vasili began plotting to overthrow the Tsar. Vasili was angered, 0:12:37.880 --> 0:12:40.920 but not by his exile. He believed the Czar was 0:12:40.960 --> 0:12:45.160 guilty of spreading Catholicism throughout Russia. He circulated rumors that 0:12:45.240 --> 0:12:49.240 the False Dmitri was a power hungry, bloodthirsty impostor who 0:12:49.280 --> 0:12:52.280 was only there to convert the people of Russia to Catholicism, 0:12:52.360 --> 0:12:58.000 and the Prince's ideas kind of gained popular support. Okay, 0:12:58.080 --> 0:13:02.880 let's take two examples of the first False Dmitri's rule 0:13:03.040 --> 0:13:06.920 that really enraged people. So first, he permitted Catholic and 0:13:06.960 --> 0:13:11.560 Protestant soldiers to pray in Orthodox churches. That is huge 0:13:11.679 --> 0:13:14.760 because at the time the Russian Church regarded Catholics and 0:13:14.800 --> 0:13:18.520 Protestants as heretics. And then the other problem was the 0:13:18.520 --> 0:13:23.320 czar's inner circle. His friends, entrusted confidence weren't helping his 0:13:23.400 --> 0:13:28.000 reputation because they openly disregarded Russian customs and because they 0:13:28.040 --> 0:13:32.240 were mostly foreigners. Foreigners were generally looked upon with some 0:13:32.360 --> 0:13:36.480 suspicion since Poland thundered into Moscow with this first False Dmitri. 0:13:37.400 --> 0:13:41.480 When Vassili executed his plan, it worked. The first False 0:13:41.559 --> 0:13:44.400 Dmitri was killed during a kudata to install the prince 0:13:44.480 --> 0:13:47.720 as czar. The False Dmitri tried to flee, but he 0:13:47.800 --> 0:13:50.880 was dragged out of the palace. He was executed and cremated, 0:13:50.920 --> 0:13:54.040 and in the more embellished stories, which they're actually quite 0:13:54.040 --> 0:13:56.959 a bit of the more embellished stories, he was executed, 0:13:57.240 --> 0:14:01.120 cut into pieces, cremated, and then and his ashes were 0:14:01.160 --> 0:14:03.559 put into a can and shot out of a cannon 0:14:03.679 --> 0:14:07.320 into the general direction of Poland, where Russians believed he'd 0:14:07.360 --> 0:14:10.640 come from. I always sort of bowled over by the 0:14:11.280 --> 0:14:14.240 levels of thoroughness that people will sometimes go to in 0:14:14.400 --> 0:14:18.320 history to ensure that their fallen enemy is really and 0:14:18.400 --> 0:14:22.040 truly fallen and insulted after the fact, and maybe in 0:14:22.120 --> 0:14:27.320 Poland again as ashes like take him, he's yours. The 0:14:27.360 --> 0:14:31.080 prince turned czar did seize power with this assassination, and 0:14:31.120 --> 0:14:35.000 he became Zarvasili the fourth. The first False Dmitri's Polish 0:14:35.040 --> 0:14:37.880 Lithuanian allies, who had helped him rise to the throne, 0:14:38.120 --> 0:14:41.800 were then driven out of Russia. His wife Marina was spared, 0:14:42.000 --> 0:14:44.920 but she was imprisoned and she did not return to 0:14:44.960 --> 0:14:49.760 Poland until July of six eight. Not everyone, though, was 0:14:49.840 --> 0:14:53.400 quick to accept Vassily as their news are. They also 0:14:53.480 --> 0:14:57.320 weren't willing to accept that the First False Dmitri was 0:14:57.360 --> 0:15:00.760 dead either. Despite the cannon I guess. The body was 0:15:00.800 --> 0:15:04.920 so damaged during his execution it was actually pretty easy 0:15:04.960 --> 0:15:07.080 to wonder if the whole thing had been faked, or 0:15:07.120 --> 0:15:10.680 that maybe he'd escaped. Many believed it was possible Dmitri 0:15:10.760 --> 0:15:14.480 Ivanovitch could still be alive. Almost like their theatricality went 0:15:14.560 --> 0:15:18.600 just a little too far right, it could happen. We're 0:15:18.600 --> 0:15:20.360 going to take a break here for a word from 0:15:20.360 --> 0:15:23.520 our sponsor, and then the second and third false Dmitri 0:15:23.720 --> 0:15:33.800 will be up next. Welcome back to Criminalia. Let's talk 0:15:33.800 --> 0:15:37.800 now about how the next false Dmitri aren't actually very successful. 0:15:38.680 --> 0:15:40.880 So it took no time at all, just a few 0:15:40.920 --> 0:15:44.680 months for another false Dmitri to pop up. This time 0:15:44.800 --> 0:15:48.080 it's six seven, and this Dmitri is in Star a dupe. 0:15:48.680 --> 0:15:51.680 The second false Dmitri, whose real name we actually don't know, 0:15:52.160 --> 0:15:54.480 was an educated man, and he was fluent in both 0:15:54.560 --> 0:15:57.640 Russian and Polish. He was considered by the locals to 0:15:57.720 --> 0:16:01.240 be somewhat of an expert in religious rich rules. Historical 0:16:01.280 --> 0:16:03.640 records suggest he may have been the son of a 0:16:03.640 --> 0:16:08.080 priest or. Possibly perhaps he had converted to Judaism. Nobody 0:16:08.120 --> 0:16:11.560 really assured on this. His first time as an impostor, 0:16:11.560 --> 0:16:14.520 at least that we know of, was when he pretended, 0:16:14.560 --> 0:16:17.320 in fact just to be a Russian aristocrat. He was 0:16:17.400 --> 0:16:22.240 exposed and under torture he confessed. We're using air quotes 0:16:22.280 --> 0:16:25.960 again because his confession was that he was the legitimate 0:16:26.000 --> 0:16:28.840 heir of Czar Ivan the fourth, and that is when 0:16:28.880 --> 0:16:32.400 he became the second false Dmitri. I always wondered if 0:16:32.400 --> 0:16:34.560 he did that first impersonation so that he could do 0:16:34.640 --> 0:16:38.600 the confession as like, there's no proof of that, but 0:16:38.680 --> 0:16:43.640 of course that's the game. The false Dmitri never claimed 0:16:43.680 --> 0:16:46.840 that the previous false Dmitri was pretending. In fact, he 0:16:47.000 --> 0:16:51.000 legitimized him when he explained that he'd escaped execution, which 0:16:51.680 --> 0:16:55.520 for clarity, would have been an escape from having his 0:16:55.600 --> 0:16:59.040 remains shot out of a cannon. So he was at 0:16:59.120 --> 0:17:03.600 that point in person both a legitimate air Dmitri and 0:17:03.760 --> 0:17:08.080 a fellow impostor the first false Dmitri in what's really 0:17:08.200 --> 0:17:12.720 quite a spectacular impersonation stacking maneuver. Of course, I'm both 0:17:12.800 --> 0:17:15.760 of those, but he's not claiming them as different. He's 0:17:15.760 --> 0:17:18.359 claiming them to all be one, exactly. We're all one. 0:17:19.200 --> 0:17:23.560 So amazingly, when the widow of the first false Dmitri, 0:17:24.000 --> 0:17:26.480 and we're going to use their quoes here was reunited 0:17:27.000 --> 0:17:31.919 with She acknowledged him. She claimed that she recognized this 0:17:31.960 --> 0:17:35.520 man as her husband, and she supported the new false Dmitri, 0:17:35.680 --> 0:17:38.280 despite the fact that the only thing similar between those 0:17:38.280 --> 0:17:40.920 two men was that they were both posing as Dmitri 0:17:41.200 --> 0:17:45.800 Avon a bit. There was no real resemblance there. But Marina, 0:17:46.119 --> 0:17:49.040 it's suggested in some records, is actually who convinced him 0:17:49.119 --> 0:17:51.920 to use a revolution to seize power. So she may 0:17:52.000 --> 0:17:53.960 have just been like, I will play along if it 0:17:54.080 --> 0:17:56.720 makes my life better. Exactly. I always thought the same thing. 0:17:56.800 --> 0:17:59.479 She's like, all right, let's do this. So the second 0:17:59.600 --> 0:18:02.840 false Tomitri was taken at his word by many of 0:18:02.840 --> 0:18:06.480 those who had supported the first false Dmitri. So he 0:18:06.560 --> 0:18:09.720 said he was Dmitri Vanovitch, and so he was Dmitri. 0:18:10.320 --> 0:18:13.639 Marina's recognition brought him the support of the elite class 0:18:14.000 --> 0:18:17.000 in the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth, which was the same class 0:18:17.000 --> 0:18:20.879 who had supported the first false Dmitri. The Polish Lithuanian 0:18:20.920 --> 0:18:25.639 involvement was their desire to again occupy Moscow, and the 0:18:25.720 --> 0:18:28.760 second false Dmitri, in their eyes, would be a great 0:18:28.840 --> 0:18:33.160 puppet ruler. Some supplied him with funding, another sent him soldiers. 0:18:33.640 --> 0:18:36.240 He managed to put together an army of according to 0:18:36.320 --> 0:18:39.200 many rumors at the time, upwards of a hundred thousand men. 0:18:39.680 --> 0:18:42.840 That number is of course debatable due to a lack 0:18:42.880 --> 0:18:46.760 of surviving documentation, but he most certainly did sign up 0:18:46.800 --> 0:18:49.840 a lot of support, and in the spring of sixteen 0:18:49.880 --> 0:18:52.440 o eight he headed toward Moscow to claim his throne. 0:18:52.960 --> 0:18:55.920 But the second False Dmitri did not claim the throne. 0:18:56.280 --> 0:18:59.000 In December of sixteen ten he was killed. And he 0:18:59.080 --> 0:19:01.520 was not killed on the attlefield like you might have guessed. 0:19:01.880 --> 0:19:04.000 He was killed will He's writing in his sleigh and 0:19:04.119 --> 0:19:06.639 was a little drunk, and he was killed by Prince 0:19:06.680 --> 0:19:10.360 Peter Russov. It said that the second False Dmitri had 0:19:10.400 --> 0:19:14.440 previously beaten Russo as a punishment for something. We don't 0:19:14.440 --> 0:19:17.520 know what that was. It appears to be lost to history. 0:19:17.560 --> 0:19:21.000 But russof was angry, and so with several of his 0:19:21.080 --> 0:19:24.840 friends he followed the sleigh, and when he had the opportunity, 0:19:24.920 --> 0:19:28.120 the Prince shot the second False Dmitri with a pistol 0:19:28.880 --> 0:19:31.600 with his saber. He then beheaded him and cut off 0:19:31.640 --> 0:19:35.240 his hand. Perhaps both hands depending on what account you read. 0:19:35.359 --> 0:19:38.640 But after you're beheaded, does it really matter how many 0:19:38.680 --> 0:19:42.560 hands you have. After the second false Dmitri died, a 0:19:42.720 --> 0:19:46.600 third false Dmitri entered the picture in sixteen eleven. So 0:19:46.800 --> 0:19:49.960 this third false Dmitri was actually the last of the 0:19:50.000 --> 0:19:52.639 impostors who claimed to be the youngest son of Ivan 0:19:52.680 --> 0:19:56.040 the fourth, which made him false heir to the throne. Right, 0:19:56.080 --> 0:19:58.320 we've been talking about that, so we know he existed, 0:19:58.680 --> 0:20:02.240 but as you're about to he is a huge, big, 0:20:02.480 --> 0:20:06.439 enormous mystery to us, many question marks. So it is 0:20:06.520 --> 0:20:10.200 thought that this third impostor was a deacon known as Sidorka. 0:20:10.840 --> 0:20:13.480 His recorded story is that he appeared from behind the 0:20:13.560 --> 0:20:17.040 river Narwa in the town of Ivan Garrod and proclaimed 0:20:17.119 --> 0:20:21.080 himself Dmitri Ivanovitch, son of Czar Ivan the Fourth. Like 0:20:21.200 --> 0:20:24.080 the false Dmitri before him, this false Dmitri does not 0:20:24.240 --> 0:20:27.480 dispute the existence of the first or second false Dmitri. 0:20:27.680 --> 0:20:32.480 He recognizes and legitimizes them. After all, these men didn't coexist, 0:20:32.560 --> 0:20:36.040 they weren't competing with one another. So each successive Dmitri 0:20:36.240 --> 0:20:40.159 wove the story of his predecessor into his own, and 0:20:40.160 --> 0:20:42.560 that's why the entire lot is kind of referred to 0:20:42.760 --> 0:20:46.919 in the singular as false Dmitri sometimes, but unlike the 0:20:46.960 --> 0:20:50.320 first and second of his very unique group, no one 0:20:50.640 --> 0:20:56.080 actually ever believed Sedorca was Dmitri. Not long after, sometime 0:20:56.119 --> 0:20:59.199 in early sixteen twelve, we know this impostor was killed, 0:20:59.240 --> 0:21:03.400 but we don't know for sure where or how. And 0:21:03.560 --> 0:21:07.080 this is the end of the story for the false Dmitri. 0:21:11.320 --> 0:21:15.480 And with an awkward transition to Holly, let's talk about 0:21:15.520 --> 0:21:21.520 the false cocktail naturally. This one was a little bit 0:21:21.560 --> 0:21:22.919 of a puzzler. I was trying to think of the 0:21:22.920 --> 0:21:26.320 best way to approach it, and in thinking about mocktail 0:21:26.440 --> 0:21:28.560 sometimes like we did, we did one that's kind of 0:21:28.600 --> 0:21:30.320 like a lemon drop, and so I was trying to 0:21:30.320 --> 0:21:34.800 think of, like possibly replicating some other cocktail. But then 0:21:34.840 --> 0:21:38.080 I got myself into a little its own confusion. So 0:21:38.119 --> 0:21:43.200 I'm calling this the fourth false Dmitri. I hope you would. 0:21:43.240 --> 0:21:46.760 I love it, but it's not a real impersonation of 0:21:46.760 --> 0:21:49.400 a thing. It's a bad impersonation of a thing that 0:21:49.440 --> 0:21:54.080 one would only accept as an impersonation of another cocktail 0:21:54.240 --> 0:21:57.239 if it benefited you in some way. I don't know, 0:21:57.840 --> 0:22:00.520 but anyway, So I was thinking about a couple of things. Obviously, 0:22:00.560 --> 0:22:02.840 the thing that came to mind first was a white Russian, 0:22:03.000 --> 0:22:05.920 which is a delicious and heavy drink, and who doesn't 0:22:05.920 --> 0:22:08.560 love the big Lebowski. And the thing is about a 0:22:08.560 --> 0:22:10.840 white Russian right has khalua in it, which is a 0:22:10.880 --> 0:22:14.600 liqueur that's meant to taste somewhat like coffee. So that 0:22:14.800 --> 0:22:19.040 also got me thinking about last year's big trendy viral 0:22:19.119 --> 0:22:23.159 coffee sensation, Delgona coffee or that whipped coffee that was 0:22:23.200 --> 0:22:28.040 going around everywhere. And so for everyone who tried that 0:22:28.119 --> 0:22:33.160 and now has a canister of like instant coffee crystals 0:22:33.200 --> 0:22:36.159 in your pantry, I'm giving you another thing to do 0:22:36.240 --> 0:22:40.680 with it, because I have them and I'm not using them. 0:22:40.720 --> 0:22:44.480 So it starts very similarly to that famous whipped coffee. 0:22:44.880 --> 0:22:48.480 It is two table spoons of instant coffee. But here's 0:22:48.480 --> 0:22:51.119 where it changes. You're gonna do one tablespoon of sugar 0:22:51.440 --> 0:22:55.800 and then two tablespoons of or jaw or just regular 0:22:55.840 --> 0:22:58.000 almond syrup. Or jah is an almond syrup that just 0:22:58.040 --> 0:23:00.840 has some kind of unique flavor profiles to it. But 0:23:00.880 --> 0:23:03.320 if you just have plain almond syrup, that's fine, and 0:23:03.359 --> 0:23:05.880 then two tablespoons of cold water and you're gonna put 0:23:05.920 --> 0:23:09.159 this in a mixer. It's not enough, at least in 0:23:09.240 --> 0:23:12.000 my blender to like rise to the level where it's 0:23:12.040 --> 0:23:14.800 activated by the blades, so a hand mixer works great. 0:23:14.840 --> 0:23:17.040 Or if you have an immersion blender, this is the 0:23:17.080 --> 0:23:19.919 time I love looking for things from my immersion blender. 0:23:20.520 --> 0:23:22.959 I mean, I imagine it would vary depending on the 0:23:23.000 --> 0:23:25.520 profile of the bottom of your immersion blender and where 0:23:25.520 --> 0:23:28.080 the blades sit, but for mine, it works fine. Mix mix, mix, 0:23:28.160 --> 0:23:30.160 mix mix. It's not going to get like the same 0:23:30.280 --> 0:23:33.600 kind of stiff, frothy that the whipped coffee trend would have, 0:23:33.680 --> 0:23:36.040 but it gets, you know, a little a little bubbly 0:23:36.119 --> 0:23:39.400 and fuzzy, and you really want it to get well incorporated. 0:23:39.400 --> 0:23:42.040 You want all of those coffee crystals to dissolve, and 0:23:42.040 --> 0:23:44.240 it's gonna smell really good because of that almond syrup. 0:23:44.280 --> 0:23:47.040 And then once that's nice and frothy, you're gonna start 0:23:47.200 --> 0:23:49.320 adding a little bit of milk. And you can go 0:23:50.160 --> 0:23:52.720 with any kind of dairy item here. If you want 0:23:52.720 --> 0:23:55.159 to do something like a heavy cream, great, If you 0:23:55.160 --> 0:23:56.720 want to go all the way down to something as 0:23:56.760 --> 0:23:59.160 kind of thin as a rice milk. That's also fine. 0:23:59.200 --> 0:24:01.480 It's going to change it, obviously, but you have options, 0:24:01.760 --> 0:24:03.919