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Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 1: Hello and Welcome to This Day in History Class, a

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Speaker 1: show that uncovers a little bit more about history every day.

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Speaker 1: I'm Gabe Lusier, and in this episode, we're examining the

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Speaker 1: life and crimes of one of the most notorious killers

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Speaker 1: in modern history, a brilliant mathematician who squandered his life

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Speaker 1: and talent on a violent crusade to reshape society. As

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Speaker 1: a warning, today's episode includes descriptions of childhood trauma and

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Speaker 1: male bombing, and may not be appropriate for younger listeners.

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Speaker 1: The day was April third, nineteen ninety six. FBI agents

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Speaker 1: raided the remote, Montana cabin of Theodore ted Kaczinski. The

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Speaker 1: former math professor was suspected and later confirmed to be

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Speaker 1: an elusive domestic terrorist known to the public as the Unibomber.

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Speaker 1: In the span of two decades, he had sent sixteen

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Speaker 1: mail bombs to carefully chosen targets, resulting in the deaths

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Speaker 1: of three people and the injury of dozens of others.

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Speaker 1: Theodore ted Kazinski was born in Chicago in nineteen forty

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Speaker 1: two to working class parents Turk and Wanda. Seven years later,

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Speaker 1: the family was joined by his younger brother, David. It

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Speaker 1: was obvious from a young age that Ted was a

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Speaker 1: highly intelligent child. He excelled at math and science and

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Speaker 1: would spend hours working out advanced problems just for the

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Speaker 1: fun of it. In the fifth grade, an IQ test

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Speaker 1: revealed that Ted was actually a certified genius, and not

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Speaker 1: only that, his score of one hundred and sixty seven

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Speaker 1: meant that he outranked most other geniuses on record, including

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Speaker 1: both Stephen Hawking and Albert Einstein. Soon after the test,

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Speaker 1: the Kazinskis met with the school guidance counselor and it

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Speaker 1: was quickly determined that their son should skip the sixth grade.

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Speaker 1: That transition proved difficult for Ted. Already shy and quiet,

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Speaker 1: he suddenly found himself the smallest, youngest student in a

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Speaker 1: classroom full of strangers. From that point until his graduation,

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Speaker 1: he felt what he later described as a gradually increasing

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Speaker 1: amount of hostility from the other kids. By the time

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Speaker 1: I left high school, I was definitely regarded as a

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Speaker 1: freak by a large segment of the student body. Despite

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Speaker 1: facing rejection at school and mounting pressure at home, Ted

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Speaker 1: excelled in every school subject he took. He was especially

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Speaker 1: skilled in mathematics, which he enjoyed as a form of

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Speaker 1: puzzle solving. Even when he was placed in an advanced

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Speaker 1: math class, he mastered the material with ease. Near the

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Speaker 1: end of his sophomore year, the school administration suggested that

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Speaker 1: Ted skip straight to his senior year. That meant he

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Speaker 1: was now two years younger than his classmates, which made

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Speaker 1: him feel twice as out of place. There was no

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Speaker 1: sign of distress in his grades, however, and school reports

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Speaker 1: from the time show that he made a strong impression

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Speaker 1: on his teachers. They routinely praised his character, paying special

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Speaker 1: note to his quote courtesy, self discipline, and respect for

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Speaker 1: law and order. Things were going well for Ted, at

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Speaker 1: least on paper, so when the time came to apply

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Speaker 1: for college, his parents urged him to swing for the fences.

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Speaker 1: He did, and in the spring of nineteen fifty eight,

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Speaker 1: he was awarded a scholarship to Harvard University. That fall,

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Speaker 1: at sixteen years old, Ted Kaczinski began his first year

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Speaker 1: at Harvard. By all accounts, he was reserved and quiet,

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Speaker 1: but seemed to adapt well to campus life. In fact,

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Speaker 1: he later wrote that his time at the school gave

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Speaker 1: him quote something that I had been needing all along

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Speaker 1: without knowing it, namely hard work, requiring self discipline and

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Speaker 1: strength us exercise of my abilities. I threw myself into this,

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Speaker 1: I thrived on it, feeling the strength of my own

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Speaker 1: will I became enthusiastic about will power. That sense of

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Speaker 1: personal growth would be threatened in the fall of his

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Speaker 1: sophomore year when Ted volunteered to take part in a

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Speaker 1: controversial psychological study for the school's Department of Social Relations.

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Speaker 1: To participate, subjects were asked to submit detailed personal essays

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Speaker 1: outlining their philosophical beliefs and aspirations. They would then have

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Speaker 1: a chance to debate those views with a fellow student.

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Speaker 1: Ted Kazinski was among the twenty two undergraduates accepted to

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Speaker 1: the study, and he began attending weekly sessions that would

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Speaker 1: continue for his remaining three years at Harvard. The study

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Speaker 1: in question was overseen by doctor Henry A. Murray, a

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Speaker 1: famed psychologist who had previously worked for the Office of

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Speaker 1: Strategic Services, a World War II precursor to the CIA.

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Speaker 1: Murray's focus had been training spies to better withstand intense

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Speaker 1: interrogation in the event that they should be captured by

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Speaker 1: the enemy. Many have suggested that he simply carried on

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Speaker 1: that research at Harvard, except with students in place of soldiers.

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Speaker 1: There's no hard evidence to support that claim, but the

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Speaker 1: details of the study do bear a strong resemblance to

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Speaker 1: Murray's work for the OSS. One of the goals of

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Speaker 1: the Harvard study was to assess how the human psyche

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Speaker 1: responded under stress, and the way Murray and his team

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Speaker 1: induced that stress was through intimidation tactics and intense verbal abuse.

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Speaker 1: By the time Ted Kazinski graduated Harvard in nineteen sixty two,

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Speaker 1: he had logged roughly two hundred hours to the project.

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Speaker 1: He reportedly became more withdrawn the longer the study went on.

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Speaker 1: He spent less and less time with friends and began

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Speaker 1: fantasizing about escaping to the wilderness to live a simpler life.

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Speaker 1: It was also during this time that he began to

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Speaker 1: fine tune his personal philosophy, perhaps as a way to

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Speaker 1: rationalize or legitimize the growing frustration he felt. He determined

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Speaker 1: that the advance of modern technology was at odds with

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Speaker 1: both personal freedom and the natural world. The system, as

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Speaker 1: he saw it, had been built in service of technology,

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Speaker 1: not humanity, and as a consequence, people were compelled to

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Speaker 1: adjust their lives to suit technology rather than the other

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Speaker 1: way around. The Murray experiment alone didn't instill that philosophy,

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Speaker 1: nor did it transform Ted into a serial bomber, but

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Speaker 1: it did play a role along with Ted's other experiences

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Speaker 1: at Harvard. By the time he graduated, all the pieces

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Speaker 1: for his eventual downturn were already in place. In nineteen

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Speaker 1: sixty two, Ted Kaczinski enrolled at the University of Michigan,

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Speaker 1: where he went on to earn his master's and doctoral

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Speaker 1: degrees in mathematics. His academic success continued throughout his time there,

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Speaker 1: but so too did his social isolation. He began to

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Speaker 1: look down on his fellow students and teachers. He grew

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Speaker 1: paranoid and claimed he often heard his neighbors whispering about

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Speaker 1: him on the other side of his bedroom wall. After

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Speaker 1: earning his doctoral degree, twenty five year old Ted Kazinski

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Speaker 1: took a job as an assistant professor of mathematics at

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Speaker 1: the University of California, Berkeley. He was the youngest person

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Speaker 1: to ever hold the title, and while that would be

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Speaker 1: a proud achievement for most, for Ted, the job was

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Speaker 1: only ever a means to an end. He knew that

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Speaker 1: his escape to the wilderness, where he could plot and

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Speaker 1: build in secret, would require a good deal of money,

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Speaker 1: and for him, teaching was the fastest way to get it.

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Speaker 1: The administration fought to keep Ted on board when he

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Speaker 1: tendered his resignation after just two years on the job,

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Speaker 1: but the idea that he should want to stay was

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Speaker 1: laughable to him. Although he was a skilled mathematician, he

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Speaker 1: saw little value in the field, viewing it as nothing

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Speaker 1: more than a game, and so in nineteen sixty nine,

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Speaker 1: Ted bowed out of the game and left academia for good.

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Speaker 1: Two years later, he moved to rural Montana and began

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Speaker 1: building an off grid cabin near the small town of Lincoln.

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Speaker 1: He savored the back to basics lifestyle he found there.

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Speaker 1: Without electricity or running water, he gardened and hunted to

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Speaker 1: feed himself, and used an old bicycle to get around town.

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Speaker 1: He kept in touch with his parents and his brother, too,

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Speaker 1: though that would change by the late nineteen seventies, when

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Speaker 1: Ted began to accuse his parents of emotional abuse and

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Speaker 1: of placing too much importance on his education. By nineteen

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Speaker 1: seventy five, Tad had grown disillusioned with life in the

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Speaker 1: woods as well. Real estate development and industrial projects had

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Speaker 1: begun to encroach on his peaceful surroundings, and it seemed

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Speaker 1: to him that no matter where he went, there was

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Speaker 1: no escaping the march of technological progress. In a nineteen

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Speaker 1: ninety nine interview, tad recalled the anger he felt upon

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Speaker 1: discovering that one of his favorite hiking spots had been

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Speaker 1: paved over that summer. He said, there were too many

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Speaker 1: people around my cabin, so I decided I needed some peace.

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Speaker 1: I went back to the plateau, and when I got there,

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Speaker 1: I found they had put a road right through the

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Speaker 1: middle of it. You just can't imagine how upset I was.

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Speaker 1: And it was from that point on I decided that

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Speaker 1: rather than try to acquire further wilderness skills, I would

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Speaker 1: work on getting back at the system. In nineteen seventy eight,

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Speaker 1: Ted Kaczinski began sending parcel bombs to scientists, airline officials,

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Speaker 1: business executives, and others whose work he considered link to

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Speaker 1: the technological system he despised. Over the course of seventeen years,

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Speaker 1: he constructed and mailed sixteen different bombs, resulting in the

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Speaker 1: deaths of three people and the injury or maiming of

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Speaker 1: twenty three others. The media dubbed him the unibomber due

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Speaker 1: to his pension for targeting universities and airlines. Tracking Ted

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Speaker 1: proved difficult and eventually spiraled into one of the longest

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Speaker 1: and most expensive man hunts in FBI history. His bombs

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Speaker 1: were hand crafted, cobbled together from spare wood and machine

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Speaker 1: parts stolen from neighbours, and they became increasingly complex as

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Speaker 1: Ted refined his methods and learned how to make them

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Speaker 1: more powerful. Unlike other criminals, he felt no need to

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Speaker 1: gloat about his actions and thereby risk exposing himself. The

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Speaker 1: only clues he left in his bombs were false ones,

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Speaker 1: red herrings intended to throw law enforcement off his trail.

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Speaker 1: During this time, Ted kept in touch with the one

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Speaker 1: family member he had yet to cut from his life,

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Speaker 1: his younger brother David, But when David got married in

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Speaker 1: the late nineteen eighties, Ted cut him out too. By

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Speaker 1: the early nineteen nineties, Ted's bombing campaign had taken on

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Speaker 1: new meaning in his mind. No longer solely enact of

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Speaker 1: personal revenge, he now saw it as the first painful

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Speaker 1: step toward what he hoped would be a true societal shift.

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Speaker 1: In nineteen ninety five, he delivered a detailed outline of

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Speaker 1: this goal to several major newspapers. He demanded that they

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Speaker 1: print the entire thirty five thousand word essay and distribute

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Speaker 1: it nationwide. In exchange, he pledged that the bombings would

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Speaker 1: stop and that he would quote desist from terrorism. After

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Speaker 1: lengthy debate, Attorney General Jan and Reno and FBI Director

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Speaker 1: Lewis Free decided that the Manifesto should be published. Their

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Speaker 1: hope was that someone out there would recognize the author's

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Speaker 1: words and help lead to his capture. Opinions varied on

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Speaker 1: whether it was the right move to provide a platform

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Speaker 1: for a serial bomber. Many worried that the author's goals

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Speaker 1: might strike a chord with some readers, and that they

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Speaker 1: would be inspired to carry out similar acts of violence

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Speaker 1: in pursuit of them, an outcome that Ted Kazinski had

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Speaker 1: surely hopeful. That concern seems especially justified when you consider

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Speaker 1: that most people found the manifesto to be fairly sensible.

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Speaker 1: Readers may not have agreed with all, or even any

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Speaker 1: of the arguments made, but they could see the reasoning

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Speaker 1: behind them. It simply didn't read like the work of

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Speaker 1: a madman. When David Kazinski read the manifesto, he didn't

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Speaker 1: think it sounded insane either. To him, it read like

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Speaker 1: something much more devastating. It read like the work of

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Speaker 1: his own brother. David didn't want to think it was possible,

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Speaker 1: but with innocent lives on the line, he and his wife,

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Speaker 1: Linda Patrick, decided to come forward. They shared Ted's letters

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Speaker 1: and some of his other writings with law enforcement, but

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Speaker 1: because the manifesto had been typed, there was no way

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Speaker 1: to compare it with Ted's handwriting. That said, FBI profilers

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Speaker 1: still found plenty of connections between the writings. Linguistic analysis

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Speaker 1: revealed striking similarities in the grammar, tone, and phrase of

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Speaker 1: the Unibomber Manifesto and the personal writings of Ted Kazinski.

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Speaker 1: For example, both cases included a distinctive misuse of an

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Speaker 1: idiomatic phrase. Instead of saying you can't have your cake

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Speaker 1: and eat it too, the author wrote you can't eat

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Speaker 1: your cake and have it too. That transposition of verbs,

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Speaker 1: along with other linguistic clues, helped the FBI determine that

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Speaker 1: Ted Kazinski and the Unibomber were one and the same,

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Speaker 1: and when those findings were paired with evidence from the bombings,

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Speaker 1: the FBI had a strong enough case to obtain a

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Speaker 1: search warrant for his cabin in Montana, and so on

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Speaker 1: April third, nineteen ninety six, FBI agents arrested Ted Kazinski

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Speaker 1: in the doorway of his cabin. Extensive evidence of his

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Speaker 1: crimes was found inside, including bomb making materials, a live

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Speaker 1: bomb ready for mailing, and the original copy of his

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Speaker 1: published manifesto. Later that month, Ted was indicted by a

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Speaker 1: federal grand jury on three counts of murder and a

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Speaker 1: host of other charges. Then less than two years later,

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Speaker 1: he pled guilty and was convicted as charged. Ted was

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Speaker 1: sentenced to eight consecutive life terms without possibility of parole,

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Speaker 1: to be served at the ADX Florence Supermax Prison in Florence, Colorado.

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Speaker 1: He showed no remorse for his crimes and remained in

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Speaker 1: prison until June tenth, twenty twenty three, when he was

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Speaker 1: found dead in his cell at the age of eighty one.

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Speaker 1: I'm Gabeluesiery and hopefully you now know a little more

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Speaker 1: about history today than you did yesterday. If you'd like

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Speaker 1: to keep up with the show, you can follow us

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Speaker 1: on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at TDI HC Show, and

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Speaker 1: if you have any comments or suggestions, feel free to

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Speaker 1: send him my way by writing to This Day at

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Speaker 1: iHeartMedia dot com. Thanks to KZ B Bias for producing

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Speaker 1: the show, and thanks to you for listening. I'll see

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Speaker 1: you back here again tomorrow for another Day in History

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Speaker 1: class