WEBVTT - How can some centenarians lead unhealthy lives? 0:00:00.280 --> 0:00:02.840 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 0:00:03.160 --> 0:00:07.600 It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you Should Know? 0:00:08.200 --> 0:00:11.520 From House Stuff Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to 0:00:11.560 --> 0:00:15.160 the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Chuck Bryant. It's freezing 0:00:15.160 --> 0:00:17.279 in here. It's not that cold you need to put 0:00:17.320 --> 0:00:20.200 on a sweater or something. Well, uh, I didn't expect 0:00:20.239 --> 0:00:21.840 it to be chilly. It is a little chilly. Our 0:00:21.840 --> 0:00:24.280 producer Jerry's wearing a hooded twitter and the vest. That's 0:00:24.320 --> 0:00:27.120 kind of a giveaway. Chuck, Well, she stylished the way 0:00:27.160 --> 0:00:29.880 she is she is. So everybody, Um, if you haven't 0:00:29.880 --> 0:00:32.680 figured out by now, this is stuff you should know. Um. 0:00:32.760 --> 0:00:35.280 And uh, Chuck and I are going to talk about death. 0:00:36.120 --> 0:00:38.440 It's part of our death suite kind of yeah, yeah, 0:00:38.960 --> 0:00:43.199 realized Everest Bizarre and then this one. Right, And if 0:00:43.200 --> 0:00:44.680 you don't know what we're talking about, it means that 0:00:44.720 --> 0:00:47.520 they've been published out of order. So just look forward 0:00:47.560 --> 0:00:51.320 to a lot of death from S Y s K. Right. Yes, Okay, 0:00:51.360 --> 0:00:55.360 So Chuck, I'm pretty sure you're fully aware that I 0:00:55.400 --> 0:00:59.560 don't leave a very healthy life. I yes, I know 0:00:59.640 --> 0:01:04.440 that have certain vices that are disgusting and um, suicidal. Right, 0:01:06.040 --> 0:01:09.720 that's one of many. Basically I shouldn't be walking around 0:01:09.800 --> 0:01:13.680 right now. Um, and I've come to um kind of 0:01:13.840 --> 0:01:16.960 take hope in. Uh. Someone who's become one of my 0:01:17.000 --> 0:01:23.160 personal heroes a woman named Madame Jeanne Clement. And Madame 0:01:23.200 --> 0:01:26.680 Clement was a frenchwoman, as her name would indicate, and 0:01:27.280 --> 0:01:33.520 she in she died happy and healthy, um and a 0:01:33.600 --> 0:01:37.040 hundred and twenty two years old. Amazing. And the greatest 0:01:37.080 --> 0:01:41.000 part about Madame Clement is that she smoked until she 0:01:41.120 --> 0:01:45.000 was a hundred. So I've got what sixty eight more 0:01:45.080 --> 0:01:48.320 years before i have to quit, if you know, I 0:01:48.320 --> 0:01:50.360 want to possibly live to a hundred and twenty two, 0:01:50.800 --> 0:01:53.240 to live another twenty two years, right, and there there 0:01:53.240 --> 0:01:55.920 are caveats to that, right, Um, you know, I plan 0:01:56.000 --> 0:01:59.600 on raging against the dying of the light unless you know, 0:01:59.800 --> 0:02:03.320 I get like a terminal cancer diagnosis or there's something 0:02:03.360 --> 0:02:05.280 that that I'm not going to be able to get 0:02:05.320 --> 0:02:10.160 out of and it equals like horrible death and then yeah, yeah, 0:02:10.240 --> 0:02:14.480 I'm yeah, I'm not going to go go easy. No, 0:02:14.639 --> 0:02:16.840 actually no, the opposite. I'm gonna go very easy, but 0:02:16.880 --> 0:02:19.560 it will be by my own hand. Yeah, so that's 0:02:19.600 --> 0:02:22.040 my plan. But I'd rather lived a hundred twenty two 0:02:22.080 --> 0:02:25.440 and just you know, have the a FP take photos 0:02:25.480 --> 0:02:27.760 of me and post them on Getty images that kind 0:02:27.760 --> 0:02:29.240 of thing. You just want to be a hundred with 0:02:29.280 --> 0:02:32.400 a smoke in your hand, Yeah, totally, and be like, 0:02:32.440 --> 0:02:35.120 don't smoke, kids, it's really bad for you. My grandmother 0:02:35.160 --> 0:02:38.600 lived to be a hundred, did Yeah you know what, right? 0:02:39.320 --> 0:02:42.840 Uh yeah, a hundred years old? Yes, there's another word 0:02:42.880 --> 0:02:47.520 for that. Is it a centurion? That's very close? Did 0:02:47.560 --> 0:02:53.160 she combat people and and or anything? No, centenarian centenary. 0:02:53.360 --> 0:02:56.080 Anybody who lives to age one hundred or older is 0:02:56.160 --> 0:02:59.600 automatically a centenarian, right. She passed away between one hundred 0:02:59.639 --> 0:03:01.800 and one one. Good for her. She made it to 0:03:01.880 --> 0:03:06.840 this centenarian status. So, um, what was she a healthy person? 0:03:06.919 --> 0:03:09.560 Did she lead a healthy life? Yeah? I mean she 0:03:09.680 --> 0:03:13.160 was from the South and uh so she ingested a 0:03:13.240 --> 0:03:16.240 lot of grease and fried foods over her life. But 0:03:16.320 --> 0:03:19.040 she didn't drink and she didn't smoke. She you know, 0:03:19.080 --> 0:03:22.160 grew on vegetable stuff like that. Now, that's that's generally 0:03:22.160 --> 0:03:23.680 the rule of thumb. If you're going to lead a 0:03:23.760 --> 0:03:28.160 very long life, especially a healthy long life. They're certainly like, 0:03:28.200 --> 0:03:30.560 you can't drink, you can't smoke, you have to foreswear 0:03:30.600 --> 0:03:33.880 a lot of stuff. Um, So basically you can lead 0:03:33.880 --> 0:03:38.760 a long, healthy, boring life, right. Um. But there's people 0:03:38.880 --> 0:03:42.040 like Madame Clement who kind of fly in the face 0:03:42.120 --> 0:03:45.080 of this notion, like you're you're she she should have 0:03:45.120 --> 0:03:48.320 been dead many many years before she did die from 0:03:48.360 --> 0:03:53.520 lung cancer, lung cancer, heart disease, any any number of things, um, 0:03:53.560 --> 0:03:56.600 and she wasn't. So that kind of leads us to 0:03:56.720 --> 0:03:59.240 this question of how can people like her? And she's 0:03:59.240 --> 0:04:01.839 not the only one. She's definitely a rarity, but she's 0:04:01.880 --> 0:04:05.000 not the only person who who's lived that that led 0:04:05.080 --> 0:04:08.480 us slightly unhealthy life but lived a very long, healthy one. 0:04:08.840 --> 0:04:11.400 So how is this possible? Right? And this is there's 0:04:11.400 --> 0:04:16.279 actually a field of research, aging research, dedicated to longevity, 0:04:16.400 --> 0:04:18.599 so it's not dumb luck. But they're trying to figure 0:04:18.600 --> 0:04:20.760 out there's got to be something to this. Yeah, And 0:04:20.760 --> 0:04:23.599 the weird thing is is I have a pretty high 0:04:23.720 --> 0:04:26.400 chance of actually making it a lot longer than I should, 0:04:26.760 --> 0:04:29.440 although I should probably insert here as you know, the 0:04:29.480 --> 0:04:34.880 death clock gives me till but a gypsy once. I'm sorry, 0:04:35.000 --> 0:04:38.440 a Roma once read my palm and told me I 0:04:38.440 --> 0:04:41.400 had till eighty seven. So I'm not sure which one's right. 0:04:41.440 --> 0:04:43.120 I think I'm gonna go with the Roma. Well, what 0:04:43.160 --> 0:04:48.919 would the other one put you at? Um, sixty five? 0:04:49.000 --> 0:04:52.800 I think, well, between six and eighty seven, that's pretty good. Well, 0:04:52.839 --> 0:04:54.520 the thing is is if I if I make it 0:04:54.560 --> 0:04:58.240 to sixty five, I'm that's not very long. Yeah, eighty 0:04:58.320 --> 0:05:00.960 seven is definitely long, but I think if you look 0:05:00.960 --> 0:05:03.000 at it in perspective, by the time i'm eighty seven, 0:05:03.360 --> 0:05:05.880 eight seven will probably be like sixty five is now. 0:05:06.720 --> 0:05:08.880 Either way I'm going down, I can tell, but you'll 0:05:08.880 --> 0:05:13.240 look like you're exactly So. Um, how did we get 0:05:13.279 --> 0:05:15.640 on this one? You need you to leave me back there, buddy, 0:05:15.720 --> 0:05:21.120 Well we need to go back. It's Jeans, Josh oh No. First, first, yes, 0:05:21.200 --> 0:05:24.200 they're pretty sure that it is Jenes. Surely there's a 0:05:24.200 --> 0:05:28.280 genetic cause. And the whole reason why there's pretty much 0:05:28.279 --> 0:05:31.920 evidentiary proof that that genes do play role is that 0:05:32.000 --> 0:05:37.880 this whole families of centenarians and if if genetics didn't 0:05:37.880 --> 0:05:42.120 play a major role in longevity, uh, then the the 0:05:42.160 --> 0:05:46.000 probability of a family having like three or four UM 0:05:46.160 --> 0:05:50.480 centenarians is like astronomically unlikely, right, So, yes, genes play 0:05:50.520 --> 0:05:53.880 a role, but there's another mechanism that the kind of 0:05:53.880 --> 0:05:59.400 a physiological mechanism, the starvation. Yeah, yeah, restricted caloric intake. 0:05:59.800 --> 0:06:03.200 And it's gonna say, right it is, well just you know, 0:06:03.360 --> 0:06:07.880 just through observation um and in studies in like worms 0:06:08.080 --> 0:06:12.479 and uh, I think yeast, yeast, yeast ratch, which is 0:06:12.680 --> 0:06:14.400 a fun guy, not a plant, by the way, we've 0:06:14.480 --> 0:06:17.640 learned many times over. Yeah, but the rats in particular 0:06:17.680 --> 0:06:19.640 are the ones who are really kind of giving up 0:06:19.960 --> 0:06:22.200 the secrets of what genes might lie behind us. But 0:06:22.240 --> 0:06:24.880 you want to talk about a clerk restricted diet first, 0:06:24.920 --> 0:06:27.880 and what happens with that, Well, yeah, they found out 0:06:27.960 --> 0:06:30.880 they did some like you were talking about tests on rats, 0:06:30.920 --> 0:06:35.400 and they found that the rats fewer calories than their 0:06:36.080 --> 0:06:42.800 beefy counterparts, uh called caloric restriction. Uh. They live longer, 0:06:43.000 --> 0:06:46.640 so and healthier. Evidently longer and healthier. Part of it 0:06:46.720 --> 0:06:51.359 is a leanness leads to um longevity and health. Generally, 0:06:51.960 --> 0:06:55.440 fat is although our body has a mechanism for storing 0:06:55.480 --> 0:07:00.200 it in. Uh. In the lean times, if you'll forgive me, Um, 0:07:00.200 --> 0:07:02.640 it's actually not very good for us. We we make 0:07:02.720 --> 0:07:07.040 much better use of carbohydrates and proteins UM and other nutrients. Um. 0:07:07.160 --> 0:07:09.800 That's kind of like that. The it's it's the bottom 0:07:09.800 --> 0:07:12.160 of the barrel nutrient right right. I know when I 0:07:12.200 --> 0:07:15.880 was doing my survival work in the how long can 0:07:15.920 --> 0:07:17.560 you live without food and water? That kind of thing 0:07:17.880 --> 0:07:19.880 that when you start to starve, your fats are the 0:07:19.880 --> 0:07:22.720 first thing to go than carbohydrates and the proteins, which 0:07:22.840 --> 0:07:26.760 means that's your body itself. Right. So um, So we 0:07:26.880 --> 0:07:30.680 know that a caloric restricted diet is a good thing, 0:07:30.760 --> 0:07:33.880 but we just what what longevity researchers are trying to 0:07:33.920 --> 0:07:38.920 figure out it is exactly how this keeps us um 0:07:39.520 --> 0:07:42.640 healthy and the mechanism behind it. Right. So, one one 0:07:42.680 --> 0:07:45.040 of the genes that's been studied is the s I 0:07:45.200 --> 0:07:48.080 R T one gene. That's one, and it's my favorite 0:07:48.360 --> 0:07:50.720 the longevity genes. Yes, well mind the other one. We'll 0:07:50.720 --> 0:07:52.640 get to this, okay. Well, which, by the way, I've 0:07:52.720 --> 0:07:56.640 dubbed the ponta da leon gene like that. Did you 0:07:56.640 --> 0:08:00.600 notice that in the article that was all Josh I believe, Okay? So, Um, 0:08:00.640 --> 0:08:04.640 the s I R T one gene actually curiously was 0:08:04.720 --> 0:08:09.400 studied by two independent studies, one at Harvard and one 0:08:09.400 --> 0:08:12.360 at m I T. And they both published their findings 0:08:12.360 --> 0:08:15.440 in June two four, within like sixteen days of one another. Yeah, 0:08:15.480 --> 0:08:16.960 it kind of makes me wonder if they were, you know, 0:08:17.040 --> 0:08:20.680 looking on each other's test paper. Can't you see like 0:08:20.800 --> 0:08:24.880 some eggheads like huddled over like the study um so uh. 0:08:25.360 --> 0:08:27.760 What one of them found was that the s i 0:08:27.920 --> 0:08:31.440 r T one gene inhibits the expression of this protein 0:08:31.520 --> 0:08:36.800 called backs. Right, no matter whether your cells are doing 0:08:36.880 --> 0:08:42.679 well or damaged, they have a specific life time right 0:08:43.800 --> 0:08:46.240 right there, They have a lifespan and they could be 0:08:46.320 --> 0:08:49.000 healthy as an ox. But once they reached this the 0:08:49.120 --> 0:08:52.680 end of this lifespan, um, this protein backs comes in 0:08:52.920 --> 0:08:57.000 and actually creates a poptosis, and a poptosis is um 0:08:57.120 --> 0:09:01.440 program cellular death. Like it's an execute. Wow. Now, what 0:09:01.679 --> 0:09:03.599 s i r T one does is it prevents the 0:09:03.640 --> 0:09:08.880 expression of of backs, right, and so therefore it grant 0:09:08.920 --> 0:09:11.920 sells a stay of execution so they can keep working longer. 0:09:12.200 --> 0:09:15.920 And it's ultimately cellular death that that leads to death 0:09:16.000 --> 0:09:19.640 from old age, non disease, non environmental factors, but just 0:09:20.000 --> 0:09:24.719 your cell stop dividing and reproducing and stop function about it. Right, 0:09:25.080 --> 0:09:27.000 So the s I r T one gene has been 0:09:27.000 --> 0:09:30.200 shown to produce that, right, But it also um it 0:09:30.280 --> 0:09:36.120 also creates a process where fat is shed more quickly, 0:09:36.400 --> 0:09:40.800 so you become leaner basically with a reduced calorie diet, 0:09:41.040 --> 0:09:43.760 your body inner survival mode and s I r T 0:09:43.920 --> 0:09:47.120 one really comes into play. But as you said, you 0:09:47.160 --> 0:09:49.800 have another favorite gene, which indicates that there's that's not 0:09:49.880 --> 0:09:52.760 the only gene involved in this. No, and and I'll 0:09:52.840 --> 0:09:56.160 likelihood there's probably more than one gene involved at a 0:09:56.200 --> 0:09:58.960 time as well. Yeah, there's there's a guy who's conducting 0:09:58.960 --> 0:10:02.000 his study of massage you sits on longevity, and he 0:10:02.000 --> 0:10:06.600 he says probably about eight thousand genes are responsible for it. 0:10:06.640 --> 0:10:10.199 Is that Dawkins. No, that's Pearls I believe is his name. 0:10:10.240 --> 0:10:12.000 We'll get the Dawkins too, right, Yeah, oh yeah, I 0:10:12.040 --> 0:10:16.520 promise me. I promised, uh, my favorite gene, Josh. And 0:10:16.600 --> 0:10:19.079 this category is I don't know how you would say it, 0:10:19.280 --> 0:10:21.920 f O x O three so three A I like 0:10:21.960 --> 0:10:24.040 fox O three A. Yeah, that's what we'll call it. 0:10:24.440 --> 0:10:26.840 And that when they tested on worms and it had 0:10:26.840 --> 0:10:29.600 a definite effect on the lifespan of a worm. Uh. 0:10:29.640 --> 0:10:31.520 They were able to turn this gene on and off 0:10:31.640 --> 0:10:37.880 by adding compounds that basically target and shut down these 0:10:38.000 --> 0:10:41.440 specific genes. Yeah, they're called the gene silencing compounds. They've 0:10:41.520 --> 0:10:44.679 used them to create tearless onions. Oh really, Yeah, how 0:10:44.720 --> 0:10:47.000 I need to get some of those stuff kills me. 0:10:47.080 --> 0:10:50.600 I prepared to pay seventeen bucks an onion. Nough pal really. Oh, 0:10:50.679 --> 0:10:53.480 genetic research didn't come cheap. Yeah, I guess I'll just 0:10:53.760 --> 0:10:57.800 fry as they cook. Uh. So um. Yeah, they found 0:10:57.800 --> 0:11:00.200 out when they had the gene turned on, the worms 0:11:00.240 --> 0:11:04.680 lived a lot longer. So uh. They also found that 0:11:04.720 --> 0:11:07.800 the same gene was in a lot of elderly Japanese people, 0:11:08.320 --> 0:11:13.480 and Okinawa has the largest concentration per capita of centenarians 0:11:14.160 --> 0:11:17.600 anywhere else in the world. And centurions, yeah, they're still 0:11:17.679 --> 0:11:21.080 running around. Uh. And they also found it in elderly Germans. 0:11:21.200 --> 0:11:23.080 So that kind of proved that it's not you know, 0:11:23.160 --> 0:11:27.600 drawn along continental or racial bounds. Right. And there's there's 0:11:27.760 --> 0:11:32.240 there's another Um, there's another gene. It's the insulin growth 0:11:32.320 --> 0:11:36.000 factor one gene one, yeah, good one. And they found 0:11:36.080 --> 0:11:42.960 that in a in a population of Ashkenazi Jews. You 0:11:43.000 --> 0:11:45.120 know what those are? Look that up. I I know, 0:11:45.720 --> 0:11:49.800 apparently they're Jewish people that from medieval Jewish people in 0:11:49.840 --> 0:11:53.079 Western Germany, so direct descendants of that line. I got you, 0:11:53.200 --> 0:11:54.760 all right, Yeah, I knew that they were a very 0:11:54.800 --> 0:11:59.840 specific um group. But they found in women in this 0:12:00.040 --> 0:12:03.880 group that the i g F one gene had a mutation, 0:12:04.480 --> 0:12:07.920 and i g F one is partly responsible for creating 0:12:07.920 --> 0:12:11.800 growth hormone. And these women are generally small in stature 0:12:11.840 --> 0:12:16.880 as well. Um, and one of the researchers who connected 0:12:16.880 --> 0:12:19.600 the study on them, I just found this kind of 0:12:19.720 --> 0:12:23.640 flawed logic. I mean, it makes sense, but sometimes biologists, 0:12:23.679 --> 0:12:28.200 geneticists and you know, evolutionists make certain leaps. They go 0:12:28.280 --> 0:12:30.680 from A to C without hitting B as we like 0:12:30.760 --> 0:12:34.680 to say, which I've done before. And yeah, I was 0:12:34.720 --> 0:12:38.320 not mad at you, by the way. Um. So this 0:12:38.520 --> 0:12:41.400 one researcher positive that, you know, because they're smaller, they're 0:12:41.440 --> 0:12:44.680 living longer, and a pony lives longer than a horse. 0:12:45.320 --> 0:12:47.360 And I was, I don't know, for some reason that 0:12:47.520 --> 0:12:50.760 just I was like, back that up, dude, you know, um, 0:12:50.880 --> 0:12:54.640 But I think the more likely explanation is that cancer 0:12:54.679 --> 0:12:57.320 has been shown to be fueled by growth hormones. So 0:12:57.360 --> 0:12:59.960 if you're producing last, that would lead you to believe 0:13:00.120 --> 0:13:02.520 that you're you have less of a likelihood of dying 0:13:02.520 --> 0:13:05.679 of candida. That's an adcy I can get behind right now. 0:13:05.880 --> 0:13:10.360 The the problem is is this shouldn't just express itself 0:13:10.360 --> 0:13:14.400 in women, this mutation or should it. Let's talk about 0:13:14.679 --> 0:13:19.320 Richard Dawkins zoologists. Yes, yes, he has a theory that 0:13:19.559 --> 0:13:23.400 um or perhaps a hypothesis, as we've been corrected, not 0:13:23.480 --> 0:13:28.040 the same thing. That everything that can reproduce basically is 0:13:28.080 --> 0:13:31.240 only a vessel for its genes, for carrying out you know, 0:13:31.320 --> 0:13:34.479 and putting your genes and your son or daughter, and 0:13:34.520 --> 0:13:36.640 then that goes on and their son or daughter, and 0:13:36.880 --> 0:13:40.640 it's a vessel essentially. Right, We're basically like a yeah, 0:13:40.640 --> 0:13:44.160 we're a vessel for a genetic line. Almost it's so 0:13:44.240 --> 0:13:46.120 disturbing to look at it like this, but almost like 0:13:46.120 --> 0:13:49.800 a parasite, you know what I'm saying. Like everything we're doing, 0:13:49.880 --> 0:13:53.000 every flaw we have, every every good thing that's going 0:13:53.040 --> 0:13:57.040 on with us is genetic, right, and then we die, 0:13:57.120 --> 0:14:00.440 but our genetic klein gets passed on. It's surely so 0:14:00.480 --> 0:14:02.000 if you look at it like that, then the genes 0:14:02.040 --> 0:14:04.720 would only be concerned with getting us to reproduction age, 0:14:05.280 --> 0:14:09.160 and they wouldn't care whether or not. Right that, they 0:14:09.200 --> 0:14:12.800 wouldn't concern itself with the Evolutionarily speaking, it's pretty interesting. 0:14:13.080 --> 0:14:16.319 But the thing is is, um, there is a case 0:14:16.360 --> 0:14:20.720 you could make for women having longevity genes but not men. Well, 0:14:20.720 --> 0:14:23.240 so they could reproduce longer. Yeah, they would have a 0:14:23.280 --> 0:14:27.200 healthier lifespan and thus their reproductive age would be greater, 0:14:27.280 --> 0:14:29.640 so they could produce more offspring and the genetic line 0:14:29.680 --> 0:14:32.840 would would have even more of a chance of survival. Yeah, 0:14:32.960 --> 0:14:35.560 but women only produced reproduced for what like half their 0:14:35.560 --> 0:14:38.640 life roughly, I don't I don't think even that. Let's 0:14:38.640 --> 0:14:42.280 say like fifteen to fifty. Yeah, I was just thinking 0:14:42.320 --> 0:14:45.800 about the end date. Actually that's probably about half a lifetime. Sure, Yeah, 0:14:45.880 --> 0:14:47.840 depending on who you are. Although fifty I don't even 0:14:47.880 --> 0:14:49.440 know if you could do that. That's probably kind of 0:14:49.480 --> 0:14:51.960 a freak occurrence if you're fifty and have a kid. Yeah, 0:14:52.000 --> 0:14:56.720 I think anything over forty is isn't always guaranteed yeh. 0:14:56.800 --> 0:15:00.000 And medically speaking, even a thirty five is considered how 0:15:00.080 --> 0:15:07.080 risk pregnancy today inya, so that's Dawkins position, and um 0:15:07.200 --> 0:15:09.920 the O B g y n Ruth Fettes was the 0:15:09.920 --> 0:15:14.800 one who posited that um hypothesis of that explanation of 0:15:14.840 --> 0:15:19.280 why women would have a long devity gene and not men. Clearly, 0:15:19.320 --> 0:15:23.040 though we don't really have an idea yet, or else 0:15:23.080 --> 0:15:25.360 we we, this podcast would have been much shorter. We 0:15:25.400 --> 0:15:28.800 would have said, it's the FOXO three a gene. You know, 0:15:29.160 --> 0:15:31.080 it could be, it could have a part, It could be, 0:15:31.320 --> 0:15:33.800 but I think more likely it's it's a bunch of 0:15:33.880 --> 0:15:37.240 jeens working together. Yeah, and once we figure it out, 0:15:37.280 --> 0:15:38.920 we're gonna figure out how to harness it. We're all 0:15:38.960 --> 0:15:42.720 gonna be walking around at twenty five getting in boxing 0:15:42.760 --> 0:15:46.080 matches with kangaroos. Still, Uh, We're you gonna mention the 0:15:46.080 --> 0:15:47.840 Hayflick limit because I thought that was kind of cool. 0:15:48.400 --> 0:15:50.000 You kind of talked about it earlier, but that I 0:15:50.040 --> 0:15:52.160 didn't know this until i'd read the article. You were 0:15:52.160 --> 0:15:56.200 talking about cells having a shelf life basically until they 0:15:56.240 --> 0:15:58.160 can die out or as many times as they can 0:15:58.520 --> 0:16:03.400 can split, and the Hayflick limit. Um. Dr Hayflick Leonard 0:16:03.400 --> 0:16:07.920 Hayflick noticed that fifty times is the number that a 0:16:08.000 --> 0:16:10.840 cell can can split and then it stops. Right. But 0:16:10.920 --> 0:16:12.960 he also figured out that if you take an old 0:16:13.000 --> 0:16:16.240 cell and put a young nucleus in it, it'll keep 0:16:16.240 --> 0:16:19.360 going just also very coolm right. And then as it 0:16:19.440 --> 0:16:22.720 as it reaches closer and closer to that fifty fifty 0:16:22.760 --> 0:16:25.560 division limit, it starts to slow down more and more, 0:16:25.640 --> 0:16:27.920 and then it finally gets the fifty and stops. But yeah, 0:16:27.960 --> 0:16:31.960 you can, um, you can replace the nucleus and it 0:16:32.040 --> 0:16:36.960 will jam on it interesting, much like a old man 0:16:37.360 --> 0:16:39.920 goes after a younger woman. Let's go out on a 0:16:39.960 --> 0:16:43.440 morality tail, Chuck. I think that's a good idea. Yeah, 0:16:43.520 --> 0:16:45.840 you want to talk about old Tom Parr. Old Tom Parr. 0:16:45.920 --> 0:16:48.320 Is that actually how he's known? Actually they knew him 0:16:48.360 --> 0:16:51.240 as old par but yeah Tom Parr. Yeah, but old 0:16:51.240 --> 0:16:54.120 Tom Parr. Yeah, I could. I could hardly believe this, 0:16:54.200 --> 0:16:56.320 but since you came up with it, I will believe it. 0:16:56.840 --> 0:17:00.840 Um par was a hundred I'm sorry. He was born 0:17:00.840 --> 0:17:03.400 in fourteen eighty three, so we need to point out 0:17:03.440 --> 0:17:05.479 that at the time, in fourteen eighty three year lifespan 0:17:05.600 --> 0:17:10.520 was what two something like that, That's what I read. Um. 0:17:10.560 --> 0:17:13.320 He lived as a single man until he was eighty, 0:17:13.480 --> 0:17:17.080 so he more than doubled his lifespan already, which is amazing. 0:17:17.720 --> 0:17:20.520 And then he got married and started having kids at 0:17:20.560 --> 0:17:26.080 eighty and at a hundred. Uh he apparently fathered an 0:17:26.080 --> 0:17:30.480 illegitimate child with another woman. Yeah, he was publicly chastised. Uh. 0:17:30.640 --> 0:17:34.000 He was three times the age at this point almost 0:17:34.280 --> 0:17:37.760 and he had an llegitimate Yeah. Yeah, he was killing 0:17:37.760 --> 0:17:41.080 it basically. Um. Everybody else is just dying around him 0:17:41.080 --> 0:17:45.000 and he's fathering illegitimate children at age one hundred, right, Um, 0:17:45.040 --> 0:17:48.239 and he actually uh, he became fairly well known in 0:17:48.280 --> 0:17:52.120 England as you can imagine. Um, his birthdate is tentative, 0:17:52.160 --> 0:17:54.560 but they're pretty sure based on the age that he 0:17:54.680 --> 0:17:59.040 supposedly entered the service, um that he was born around. 0:17:59.880 --> 0:18:02.280 So yeah, and they know exactly when he died. So 0:18:02.320 --> 0:18:03.800 even if it was off, it could have been off 0:18:03.800 --> 0:18:08.520 by not too terribly much. Huh. Um. So so this guy, 0:18:08.680 --> 0:18:10.960 he was asked many times like what his secret was. 0:18:11.240 --> 0:18:12.800 And he was like a real salt of the earth 0:18:12.880 --> 0:18:16.960 farmer who liked to you know, father illegitimate children. Um. 0:18:16.960 --> 0:18:21.399 But he ate like a very steady diet. Um. He 0:18:21.640 --> 0:18:25.800 drank um, not meat, I guess he drank ale fairly regularly, 0:18:25.840 --> 0:18:28.879 but he I vibed in cider only on special occasions, 0:18:28.920 --> 0:18:33.040 So I guess cider was a lot stronger back hard stuff. Yeah. Um, 0:18:33.119 --> 0:18:35.600 And he just kind of lived as much of a 0:18:35.600 --> 0:18:38.800 healthy life as people lived in the fifteen, sixteenth, and 0:18:38.840 --> 0:18:41.600 seventeen centuries. The guy made it to see three centuries right, 0:18:41.840 --> 0:18:44.280 unbelievable what God him was at the age of a 0:18:44.320 --> 0:18:48.120 hundred and fifty two? Um, this this uh courtier who 0:18:48.119 --> 0:18:51.360 had fallen out of grace with King Charles um decided 0:18:51.400 --> 0:18:52.760 he was going to get back in the King's good 0:18:52.800 --> 0:18:57.639 graces by bringing old Tom Parr to court and basically 0:18:57.640 --> 0:18:59.760 parading him around. Like check, this whole guy always a 0:18:59.800 --> 0:19:05.040 hunt two. So old Tom Parr this is first taste 0:19:05.080 --> 0:19:07.720 of like court life and basically he parties like a 0:19:07.840 --> 0:19:11.920 rock star for two weeks dead. And I mean, you 0:19:11.960 --> 0:19:14.760 think a hundred and fifty two now is just unthinkable. 0:19:15.119 --> 0:19:17.200 And this is when the average life fan is thirty 0:19:17.200 --> 0:19:19.960 two years, so I can't even imagine he must have been. 0:19:20.920 --> 0:19:23.480 That was a terrible idea, it was, And you have 0:19:23.560 --> 0:19:27.080 to imagine, like did King Charles in this disgraced courtier. 0:19:27.160 --> 0:19:30.280 I mean, like It's almost like um ending up with 0:19:30.320 --> 0:19:32.280 some sort of thrill kill Colt and then you know, 0:19:32.440 --> 0:19:35.359 dying because you weren't. You're totally out of like your 0:19:35.440 --> 0:19:37.399 your league, you know, kind of thing like did they 0:19:37.400 --> 0:19:40.359 feel bad that they killed old m bar getting him 0:19:40.400 --> 0:19:43.199 wasted and feeding him pig and duck and stuff he 0:19:43.240 --> 0:19:46.240 had never written before? So yeah, I bet they did. Yeah, 0:19:46.280 --> 0:19:48.720 I can't tell. I'm curious. I wonder if the history 0:19:48.720 --> 0:19:50.600 books write about stuff like that. Well, let's find out. 0:19:50.680 --> 0:19:52.840 Chucking will check out, give an update, and we will 0:19:52.840 --> 0:19:55.600 follow up. Yeah, well, there's plenty more to read. All 0:19:55.640 --> 0:19:58.000 you have to do is type in uh, some of 0:19:58.000 --> 0:20:01.359 the world's oldest people or old then unhealthy in the 0:20:01.440 --> 0:20:05.480 handy search bar at how stuff works dot com. So, Chuck, 0:20:06.240 --> 0:20:08.280 let's did you know I have a question for you? 0:20:08.440 --> 0:20:10.960 Did you know that if you my friend went onto 0:20:11.040 --> 0:20:15.600 iTunes right now and typed in super stuffed to words 0:20:15.640 --> 0:20:19.840 into their search bar, our spoken word album would come up. 0:20:20.480 --> 0:20:23.240 Spoken word album. We have a spoken word album, Chuck. 0:20:23.480 --> 0:20:25.119 I know that you were kind of zonked for a 0:20:25.160 --> 0:20:27.360 while while we were doing this. We had to prop 0:20:27.440 --> 0:20:29.920 him up like a dope monkey. Um, but he did 0:20:29.960 --> 0:20:32.919 a great job. Regardless. I can only imagine if we 0:20:32.920 --> 0:20:35.240 get to do another one, which is largely contingent on 0:20:35.280 --> 0:20:38.200 how many we sell this one. Um that if you're 0:20:38.200 --> 0:20:41.280 not doped up, we will be able to really excel 0:20:41.320 --> 0:20:44.640 at it. Yeah, so, um, you want to talk about 0:20:44.640 --> 0:20:47.040 it for a second. Sure, it's it's called the Stuff 0:20:47.040 --> 0:20:50.520 You Should Know, super Stuffed Guide to the Economy, and 0:20:50.640 --> 0:20:54.280 Josh and I talk about economics on a broad level 0:20:54.320 --> 0:20:58.359 and on a small level, granular level, and uh we 0:20:58.680 --> 0:21:00.720 kind of break it down for the for the everyday 0:21:00.800 --> 0:21:02.960 Joe that doesn't really understand what's going on in the 0:21:03.000 --> 0:21:05.439 world of economics, which makes sense because we're every day 0:21:05.560 --> 0:21:08.760 Joe's got it or layman. I think, as we've put 0:21:08.760 --> 0:21:11.119 it before, right are Yeah, So it's up for what 0:21:12.680 --> 0:21:14.400 it's an hour long, it's got all sorts of bells 0:21:14.400 --> 0:21:18.640 and whistles, interviews. Yeah, there's professional or expert interviews. So yeah, 0:21:18.720 --> 0:21:22.080 it's it's not just like our regular podcast times four, 0:21:22.160 --> 0:21:26.040 it's it's exponentially better. Right. We get out of the studio, 0:21:26.080 --> 0:21:27.920 which is nice for us. Yeah. I think we cut 0:21:27.920 --> 0:21:31.320 out a lot of buzz, which is vastly different from 0:21:31.400 --> 0:21:35.200 our regular pod, much more professional. Uh So, Yeah, there's 0:21:35.240 --> 0:21:38.919 our there's our plug for our audiobook The Stuff You 0:21:38.920 --> 0:21:41.760 Should Know, super Stuff Guide to the Economy three on 0:21:41.800 --> 0:21:43.800 iTunes right now. If you want to buy it, we 0:21:43.840 --> 0:21:47.320 won't be mad at you. We'd love you. And uh, 0:21:47.480 --> 0:21:50.200 I'm thinking you want to talk about the blog. Sure, Josh, 0:21:50.280 --> 0:21:52.600 let's talk about the blog. Okay, it's been up for 0:21:52.640 --> 0:21:55.879 a few weeks now, maybe a month, and we're starting 0:21:55.880 --> 0:21:59.040 to get some good interaction from the fan. That's nice. Disnice. 0:21:59.320 --> 0:22:03.520 I do a little blog podcast recap on Fridays, and 0:22:03.600 --> 0:22:06.080 so if you hear something on Tuesday or Thursday that 0:22:06.160 --> 0:22:09.160 strikes your fancy, just log onto the blog and leave 0:22:09.200 --> 0:22:11.080 a comment Josh, and I'll chat it up with you. 0:22:11.160 --> 0:22:13.680 And uh, yeah, it's been cool. Yeah, that is cool. 0:22:13.720 --> 0:22:15.719 And you can find it through the homepage at how 0:22:15.760 --> 0:22:18.520 stuffworks dot com over on the right side there. Yeah, 0:22:18.520 --> 0:22:22.960 it has our mugs alternately alternate mugs. Yeah. So yeah, 0:22:23.119 --> 0:22:26.800 check it out right, Okay, so chuck us about the blogs? 0:22:26.920 --> 0:22:33.719 Is it time for listener mailed Josh? This one um 0:22:33.760 --> 0:22:37.720 comes to us from a post postal service worker named 0:22:37.720 --> 0:22:42.200