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Speaker 1: Hey, history fans, here's a rerun for today, brought to

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Speaker 1: you by Tracy V. Wilson. We hope it makes previous

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Speaker 1: episodes for this date easier to find in the feed.

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Speaker 1: Welcome to this Day in History Class from how Stuff

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Speaker 1: Works dot com and from the desk of Stuff you

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Speaker 1: Missed in History Class. It's the show where we explore

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Speaker 1: the past one day at a time with a quick

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Speaker 1: look at what happened today in history. Hello, and welcome

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Speaker 1: to the podcast. I'm Tracy B. Wilson, and it's December nine.

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Speaker 1: The Cretan Autonomous State was established on this day in

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Speaker 1: eight under the old style Julian calendar, that was December

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Speaker 1: twenty one under the Gregorian calendar. This followed a link

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Speaker 1: the occupation of the island of Crete by the Ottoman

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Speaker 1: Empire back during the Fourth Crusade. Crete had been sold

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Speaker 1: to Venice, but the predominantly Greek population largely objected to this,

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Speaker 1: and the Venetians weren't all that benevolent when it came

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Speaker 1: to the Greek populations. So the Ottoman Empire concluded that

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Speaker 1: Crete might welcome them as liberal raiders and fight with

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Speaker 1: them against Venice. So to that end, the Ottomans invaded

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Speaker 1: Crete in sixteen forty five. Venice, though, was determined to

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Speaker 1: stay in control, and this led to a lengthy standoff

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Speaker 1: in a twenty two year siege of the city of Candia,

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Speaker 1: before Venice finally ceded the island of Crete to the

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Speaker 1: Ottomans on September six of sixteen sixty nine. Fast forward

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Speaker 1: more than two hundred years to eighteen ninety six, at

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Speaker 1: which point the Ottoman Empire is starting to wane and

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Speaker 1: numerous other international powers have a vested interest in making

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Speaker 1: sure that warfare doesn't start in the wake of this

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Speaker 1: power vacuum. This included Russia, France, Italy, Great Britain, Germany,

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Speaker 1: and Austria Hungary, all of them had a vested interest

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Speaker 1: in what was happening on Crete. International team finally convinced

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Speaker 1: the Ottoman Empire to reform the government of Crete and

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Speaker 1: to place a Christian governor and a European commission that

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Speaker 1: would oversee things police and the courts. But at this point,

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Speaker 1: Creed's population included both Christians and Muslims, and while the

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Speaker 1: Christians were delighted at the idea of having a Christian

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Speaker 1: government in charge, the Muslims were not This led to

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Speaker 1: ongoing religiously motivated violence as international powers tried and failed

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Speaker 1: to put Crete under local control. The Great Powers had

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Speaker 1: taken for granted that the Ottoman Empire would ultimately leave Crete,

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Speaker 1: but it wasn't exactly clear to anyone when or how

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Speaker 1: that would happen. Ultimately, there were only four nations who

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Speaker 1: still were actively involved in Crete at this point. That

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Speaker 1: was Russia, France, Italy, and Great Britain. They divided up

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Speaker 1: the island, placed forces in each of these four quadrants

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Speaker 1: that they created, and they started searching for a high

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Speaker 1: commissioner who would take over the island, and that search

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Speaker 1: started in the spring of perhaps unsurprisingly, this led to

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Speaker 1: huge amounts of unrest, with local residents objecting to various

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Speaker 1: aspects the rule that they were under, and this ended

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Speaker 1: up in what was known as the candy At massacre,

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Speaker 1: which started in August under the Julian calendar or September

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Speaker 1: six under the Gregorian calendar, and we talked about that

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Speaker 1: on this show on September six, which is also why

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Speaker 1: some of what we've talked about might sound a little familiar.

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Speaker 1: As many as eight hundred Christians on Crete were killed

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Speaker 1: in this massacre. And the aftermath of the massacre of

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Speaker 1: the British authorities tried to restore order, tried to bring

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Speaker 1: the perpetrators to justice, and they became increasingly impatient and

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Speaker 1: frustrated with the Ottoman forces that were still on the island.

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Speaker 1: The international powers finally ordered the Ottoman forces to withdraw entirely.

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Speaker 1: How the last of their force were not removed until

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Speaker 1: they've ever sixth. That same month, Russia, France, Italy and

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Speaker 1: Great Britain finally agreed on a High Commissioner to take

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Speaker 1: over Crete, and that was Prince George of Greece and Denmark.

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Speaker 1: This was a three year renewable term for him to

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Speaker 1: act as High Commissioner. He arrived on December nine under

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Speaker 1: the Julian calendar, and that's what marked the beginning of

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Speaker 1: the Cretan autonomous state. The other forces started to withdraw

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Speaker 1: after the High Commissioner arrived, and while this did, at

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Speaker 1: least in name, create an autonomous state of Crete, it

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Speaker 1: also started the process of Crete becoming increasingly connected to

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Speaker 1: Greece before finally becoming part of the Nation of Greece.

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Speaker 1: In one note about our next week of episodes, Christopher

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Speaker 1: hasciotis whose name you have heard as a researcher on

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Speaker 1: this show before will be filling in for me as

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Speaker 1: a guest host. This is going to make sure we

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Speaker 1: still have podcasts over the holidays. Thanks to Eaves Jeff

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Speaker 1: Cote for her research work on today's show, and thanks

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Speaker 1: to Ksey P. Graham and Chandler Maze for their audio work.

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Speaker 1: You can subscribe to This Day in History Class on

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Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, Google podcast, I Heart Radio app and we're

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Speaker 1: rerailped to get podcasts and you can tune in tomorrow

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Speaker 1: for a massive and unsolved heist. Not that not