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Speaker 1: This episode is brought to you by squares Space. Start

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Speaker 1: building your website today at squarespace dot com and our

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Speaker 1: offered code stuff at checkout and you will get ten

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Speaker 1: percent off Squarespace. Set your website apart. Welcome to you

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Speaker 1: Stuff you should know from house Stuffworks dot com. Hey,

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Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark with Charles W.

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Speaker 1: Chub Bryant and Jerry's to my right. So this stuff

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Speaker 1: you should have. It's right recording in a new pop

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Speaker 1: up restaurant called Jerry's Burrito Check. Yeah, Jerry's eating a

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Speaker 1: burrito right now, A frozen one. I guess right. You

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Speaker 1: didn't make that from scratch fresh Jerry frozen burrito is

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Speaker 1: fine with me, though, yes, some of them. Nothing wrong

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Speaker 1: with any frozen burrito ever created. Yeah, I mean there's this.

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Speaker 1: They're very specific, you know. I mean, it's not like

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Speaker 1: a fresh burrito, but it's its own thing that's still good.

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Speaker 1: This you call it like a re tet or something

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Speaker 1: weird like that. It's something that differentiate it, you know.

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Speaker 1: I agree with you, man. Yeah, but man, sometimes when

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Speaker 1: that reef read bean pops out and burns your mouth,

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Speaker 1: that's just the best you have a hole in your

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Speaker 1: in your on your gums for a couple of days. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: alfa a little cheese on top too, to cool it

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Speaker 1: in the oven. No, to melt on top o. That's

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Speaker 1: an antilada then, Uh not really, I think the antilada

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Speaker 1: makes the it's the sauce, right, Yeah, okay, that's what

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Speaker 1: I'll say, swimming and saucel, right, antilata sauce. This may

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Speaker 1: be your best intro yet, Chuck. We're talking about lead today,

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Speaker 1: that's right. Do you know much about UM the Flint,

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Speaker 1: Michigan lead poisoning scandal that happened, would say blemish. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: I posted about it on our Facebook call UH a

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Speaker 1: couple of months ago and sort of was a part

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Speaker 1: of a lively discussion there. But UM only from that

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Speaker 1: and in this research same here. I mean I was

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Speaker 1: aware of it, kind of. I didn't understand the details.

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Speaker 1: But for those of you who don't UM, who don't

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Speaker 1: know about the Flint, Michigan water poisoning. But Flint, Michigan

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Speaker 1: UM has faced a lot of problems since the auto

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Speaker 1: industry went away, UM, but one of them wasn't poor

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Speaker 1: water quality. They actually the people of Flint actually paid

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Speaker 1: I think the highest radar, among the highest rates in

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Speaker 1: the country. To get their water, their water was pumped

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Speaker 1: from Lake Huron through Detroit, and Flint brought their water

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Speaker 1: from Detroit. Get that good, clean Detroit water, right, You

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Speaker 1: know you're in a pickle when you're buying water from

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Speaker 1: Detroit and that's the healthy water. So um, they're building

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Speaker 1: a new pipeline from Lake Huron that goes around Detroit,

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Speaker 1: and Flint said, we're going to get in on that action.

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Speaker 1: And Detroit said, oh yeah, well, we're canceling our contract

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Speaker 1: rather than pay for a short term contract with Detroit.

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Speaker 1: The emergency manager, the basically the the emergency mayor appointed

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Speaker 1: by the governor himself, UM said, we're just and tap

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Speaker 1: into the Flint River. Not not a good idea, as

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Speaker 1: it turned out. No, it's not because in Flat Michigan,

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Speaker 1: there were, among other places, something called Buick City. Buick

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Speaker 1: City was a four plus acre um car manufacturing plant

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Speaker 1: that made buicks, and um it really heavily polluted the river,

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Speaker 1: so much so that people in Flint, after just a

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Speaker 1: few months of drinking this water from the tap, started

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Speaker 1: losing their hair. Um. Well, right away they said this

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Speaker 1: looks and taste awful, right, it's taste of chlorine. And

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Speaker 1: the reason it tasted of chlorine is because there were

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Speaker 1: e coal I break outbreaks that they had to like

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Speaker 1: treat the water with chlorine. And then it also to

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Speaker 1: some people, um, it smelled like sulfury as well. It

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Speaker 1: looked terrible. But people started losing hair, started getting rashes. Um.

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Speaker 1: There's there was one kid who had an autoimmune disease already.

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Speaker 1: He just stopped growing. Um, and it was it was

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Speaker 1: bad news. But the people of Flint, the Flint government,

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Speaker 1: and the the Michigan Environmental Protection Division basically said no,

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Speaker 1: we're following all the laws. Um, everything's fine with the water.

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Speaker 1: Just go back to sleep. Flint and Flint did something different.

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Speaker 1: A bunch of them taught themselves the science of like

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Speaker 1: water and sanitation and um, the drinking water laws. They

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Speaker 1: became basically citizen scientists, and they took it back to

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Speaker 1: the Flint government and the state government and said, you

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Speaker 1: guys are wrong. This is toxic water and we're being

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Speaker 1: poison and you have to do something about it. And

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Speaker 1: they finally did well. And I think the issue was

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Speaker 1: don't play dumb. We know you know why, why are

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Speaker 1: you making us tell you exactly, and they kept the

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Speaker 1: apparently the company line was no that here's the science,

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Speaker 1: here the here the results of the tests. But the

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Speaker 1: tests were terrible. And if you want to know all

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Speaker 1: about it, there's a really really great um article on

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Speaker 1: five dot com called what went Wrong in Flint and

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Speaker 1: um it just really chronicles everything very well. But the

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Speaker 1: big problem with Flint isn't that there was chlorine in

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Speaker 1: the water. It was that there was a bunch of

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Speaker 1: lead in the water. And the reason why there's a

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Speaker 1: bunch of lead in the waters because there's lead pipes

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Speaker 1: going to a lot of houses in Flint and the

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Speaker 1: water that was being pumped through those pipes was so

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Speaker 1: corrosive that it was bringing a bunch of lead with

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Speaker 1: it and poisoning the city of Flints for months. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: And the reason people use lead in pipes is because

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Speaker 1: it's not corrossive. Corrosive, that's how corrosive the water. Yeah, exactly.

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Speaker 1: That really says something. It really does. Uh. And I

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Speaker 1: guess we'll look back later and talk about the lawsuits

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Speaker 1: and all that stuff. That sound good. Yeah, I think

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Speaker 1: that's a great idea, kind of bookend it. But let's

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Speaker 1: talk about lead itself, like what's the problem with lead?

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Speaker 1: Where did it come from? And that that whole idea

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Speaker 1: of um using lead pipes is nothing new either. It's

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Speaker 1: actually pretty old, to tell you the truth. Yeah, lead um. Well,

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Speaker 1: the Romans, of course were the the first to do

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Speaker 1: almost everything, either Asians or Romans. Um. Well, I don't

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Speaker 1: know Africa. Oh that's true. So basically everybody excepts he said,

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Speaker 1: Europe as the migration expanded exactly. And don't forget all

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Speaker 1: of the innovations going on in Mesoamerica as well. Shout

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Speaker 1: out to anyone who came before us. But it's been

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Speaker 1: going on since ancient times. Romans using lead as lead

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Speaker 1: piping for sewage draining and carrying water, even stored water

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Speaker 1: and containers lined with lead. Uh. And in fact, this

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Speaker 1: is pretty interesting. I think the English word for plumbing

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Speaker 1: and the chemical symbol pb that is lead, comes from

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Speaker 1: the Latin word plum bumb. Now a plumb bumb is

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Speaker 1: is that plumbers crack? Oh? Nice? If it wasn't it

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Speaker 1: is officially now. You know. My friend Eddie he his

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Speaker 1: young daughter, asked him what plumber's crack? What's the other day?

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Speaker 1: And he said, said what did you tell her? And

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Speaker 1: he said, well, you know, I told her what it was.

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Speaker 1: He said, sometimes plumbers they've bent over a lot because

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Speaker 1: pipes are below you, and sometimes their pants sag a little.

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Speaker 1: Then you see their butt crack. And she went, oh,

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Speaker 1: the only thing I take issue with is the use

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Speaker 1: of the words sometimes right all the times. Other than

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Speaker 1: that's a great explanation. So the Latin plum bumb, which

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Speaker 1: means lead. Yeah, which that that has been mysterious to

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Speaker 1: me for many decades. P B doesn't make any sense,

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Speaker 1: Like why would they call it p B because peanut

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Speaker 1: but head right, and p B is uh. You'll find

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Speaker 1: it on the periodic table. And the reason you'll find

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Speaker 1: it on the periodic table is because lead is an element,

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Speaker 1: a heavy metal um, and it has all sorts of

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Speaker 1: properties that make it very desirable, Yeah, really unique to

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Speaker 1: although super super toxic, as we'll find. Yeah, it's not

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Speaker 1: often you can find something that is super malleable and

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Speaker 1: soft but also strong in dense exactly um, which makes

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Speaker 1: lead perfect for water pipes because it's also it also

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Speaker 1: resists corrosion, like you said, so you can run water

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Speaker 1: through it and as long as the water is not

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Speaker 1: super bad. Uh. The the lead won't rust. It will

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Speaker 1: leach lead into the water, but it still won't rust,

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Speaker 1: right right. So um it's also uh, not very good

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Speaker 1: at conducting electricity, which makes lead very useful for other

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Speaker 1: things like um soldering electrical connections. The electrical connection will

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Speaker 1: remain the thing that transmits the current, the lead won't.

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Speaker 1: It's pretty awesome. Did you say soldier solder? Solder? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I never heard of pronounce How do you say, solder solder?

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Speaker 1: You gotta say that l. I think the silent unless

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Speaker 1: it's regional, regional, regional. To my brain, I think solder.

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Speaker 1: You said that because you're from Toedo, right. So the

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Speaker 1: use of the use of leg goes back even before

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Speaker 1: the Romans. Actually, but it first appeared mostly in art

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Speaker 1: like lead paint. Yeah, it wasn't like um they described

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Speaker 1: in the articles and novelty. Uh. And it was apparently

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Speaker 1: it makes colors more vibrant and it's less erosive, which

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Speaker 1: is why you still, even in the United States, see

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Speaker 1: lead paint on street signs because it's less corrosive. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's what they say. It's still used on signs supposedly

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Speaker 1: up until as recently as the nineties, and it may

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Speaker 1: still be going on depending on the country that it's produced.

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Speaker 1: In The ink on the outside of a plastic bread

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Speaker 1: bag frequently has lead in it, or it used to,

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Speaker 1: and it wasn't a problem unless the somebody kept the

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Speaker 1: bread bag and turned it inside out to store food in.

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Speaker 1: Then that food leached the lead out of the ink.

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Speaker 1: It was actually like a big problem for a while. Well,

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Speaker 1: I'm not sure that it is anymore. I couldn't find

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Speaker 1: anything in recent the most recent thing I saw saying that, yeah,

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Speaker 1: it still happens, right, Well, it's less expensive as a paint,

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Speaker 1: which is another reason, uh in the in the colors

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Speaker 1: and more vivid apparently. But um, this hasn't been a

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Speaker 1: problem in the US for a while, but in China

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Speaker 1: they still use a lot of lead head um in paint.

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Speaker 1: And in two thousand seven there were massive recalls for

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Speaker 1: everything from Dora the Explorer toys to Sesame Street toys

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Speaker 1: due to the fact that they had lead pain on them.

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Speaker 1: And little kids put everything in their mouths, including their toys,

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Speaker 1: because they're big dummies, and they end up eating lead,

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Speaker 1: which is a big problem. So there was a massive

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Speaker 1: recall of Chinese products in because of this. Now it

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Speaker 1: was two thousand seven. What I say seven, Yeah, you're

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Speaker 1: harkening back and to the Urban Dance Squad day. Did

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Speaker 1: you look them up? Man, you're missing out. I don't

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Speaker 1: think that's true. Really, Yeah, why just because I like

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Speaker 1: them remember them vaguely? Oh yeah, it wasn't like I've

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Speaker 1: never heard of the Urban Dance Squad. No, you have

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Speaker 1: a good taste of music. Mental philosph for the Globe, great,

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Speaker 1: like a legitimately great album that I'll look it up.

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Speaker 1: I'll look it up. It's just weird that you say

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Speaker 1: you think you're not missing out. It's for no know,

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Speaker 1: because I mean, again, I remember Urban Nant Squad for

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Speaker 1: some reason. I put them in line with like Spin

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Speaker 1: Doctors in three eleven. No, no, well, you know what

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Speaker 1: I mean. Three eleven could be slightly compared because they

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Speaker 1: were kind of a rock rap group, but they were Dutch.

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Speaker 1: Urban Dance Squad was okay, so that that makes them

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Speaker 1: cool in here right automatically? Yeah. Uh, but if you

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Speaker 1: just picked this up as like, what are they talking

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Speaker 1: about Enchilada's Urban Dance Squad, um so lead paint in

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Speaker 1: the United States is uh, well, it's still an issue.

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Speaker 1: In some ways because older houses still have it. But

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Speaker 1: as of UM nineteen seventy eight they said no more,

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Speaker 1: get the light out. That's right, and they define it

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Speaker 1: as any paint or surface coating that contains lead equal

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Speaker 1: or exceeding one milligram for a square centimeter. Yeah. So

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Speaker 1: basically um In said, if you're going to manufacture something

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Speaker 1: for somebody's home that people are generally going to come

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Speaker 1: in contact with, most people don't come in contact with

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Speaker 1: street signs, UM, right, then you can't have lead in it.

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Speaker 1: But again, any house built pre there's plenty of them

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Speaker 1: out there, very likely has lead paint in it. It

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Speaker 1: also probably has lead pipes. Um. And there's a lot

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Speaker 1: of lead around us all over the place in places

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Speaker 1: you wouldn't even think, like there's lead. And uh, leaded

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Speaker 1: glass like really like a glass you like you might

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Speaker 1: be using you conceivably could be drinking lead out of it. Oh,

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Speaker 1: but you don't drink out of leaded glass. Sure. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they use it to make regular plain old dumb glass

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Speaker 1: into more like crystal. It gives it like a ping

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Speaker 1: when you when you tap it. It makes it, uh,

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Speaker 1: the the reflection a lot sharper. It also UM lowers

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Speaker 1: the melting point. So you know, if you put it

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Speaker 1: in the oven, it doesn't like, but it's conceivably bad

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Speaker 1: for you. You know, who was on it long but

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Speaker 1: for the United States government. Federal government was the city

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Speaker 1: of Baltimore. In one they banned lead pigment for interior paint,

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Speaker 1: very smart for their housing. And since the fifties had

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Speaker 1: kind of been phased out in different parts of the country.

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Speaker 1: And then ine, we finally got the Federal Lead Poisoning

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Speaker 1: Prevention Act, and then it took seven years after that

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Speaker 1: to fully ban the paint the paint lead paint. Right.

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Speaker 1: There's another big source of lead that was all over

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Speaker 1: the place in the twentieth century. Uh, and that was

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Speaker 1: in gasoline in cars. There was an additive in gasoline

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Speaker 1: that was added to gaso link called tetra ethyl lead, right, yeah,

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Speaker 1: you remember that, like, uh, you know, fill it up

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Speaker 1: with unleaded or or or fully leaded. And the reason

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Speaker 1: that they added lead to gas was because there was

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Speaker 1: a problem called knocking right where um, the in a

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Speaker 1: high performance engine, when the gas entered the ignition chamber,

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Speaker 1: the combustion chamber, it it may just get so amped

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Speaker 1: up that it would combust it would ignite before it

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Speaker 1: was supposed to, and this would basically disrupt the movement

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Speaker 1: of the pistons. Right, they knocked the pain that did

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Speaker 1: all sorts of bad stuff. The lead kept the gas

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Speaker 1: from combusting or igniting before it was meant to, so

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Speaker 1: it was a pretty great additive. The thing is, we

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Speaker 1: already knew that lead was not good for you at

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Speaker 1: the time, but we added it to gas anyway, and

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Speaker 1: it was finally phased out in the seventies. Starting in

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Speaker 1: the seventies, I should say, um, because we started adding

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Speaker 1: catalytic converters to our cars. Yeah, that helped that, and um,

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Speaker 1: just are are the process of the chemical process of

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Speaker 1: refining petroleum just advanced, so we no longer needed it. Right,

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Speaker 1: So it wasn't just crumby gas. It was pretty good gas.

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Speaker 1: It didn't need lead. If you run leading gas through

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Speaker 1: catalytic converter, it totally messes it up. And the catalytic

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Speaker 1: converters there to prevent emission, so you take lead out

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Speaker 1: of gas. The problem we found is that during these

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Speaker 1: few decades from like the twenties till actually was the

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Speaker 1: last year you could have lead in your gas in

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Speaker 1: the United states, Um that during this period, basically all

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Speaker 1: the cars on the road were spewing lead, lead vapors

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Speaker 1: into the atmosphere that would just go into the air

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Speaker 1: and then come back into the ground and settle in

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Speaker 1: the soil and water and your face. Yeah, I had.

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Speaker 1: I used lead of gas in my Um. I had

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Speaker 1: to put it in. My early VW Beatles that I

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Speaker 1: drove had a couple of old you know, vented well vintage.

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Speaker 1: They bought theom new Oh yeah, yeah, my mom she

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Speaker 1: bought a sixty eight Beetle brand New. Wow, that's when

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Speaker 1: I drove. When I turned sixteen, I think it was

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Speaker 1: still around. Huh yeah, yeah, you know those things they

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Speaker 1: never die if you take care of them. Did you

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Speaker 1: like ever use duct tape or anything like that on? No,

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Speaker 1: but I did. Uh. Funny you mentioned I had a hole,

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Speaker 1: sizable hole in the rear floorboard. Um that we my

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Speaker 1: friends call it the Flintstones car because you could, like

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Speaker 1: you put your feet down and run. So I did

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Speaker 1: have a board, a running board. Um no, just a

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Speaker 1: board over the whole. But I mean you can remove

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Speaker 1: the board and run while you're sitting in the backseat.

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Speaker 1: That's right. Great car. Yeah, lead has been added to

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Speaker 1: cosmetics over the years. Uh, jewelry, jewelry, Uh, pottery, and

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Speaker 1: then uh today because everyone knows let is so uh

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Speaker 1: such a jerk. One of the only places you're gonna

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Speaker 1: find it in the u S at least as in

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Speaker 1: your car battery your car, Yeah, your car battery or

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Speaker 1: your laptop actually, yeah, which is why it's really important

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Speaker 1: to recycle that car battery, don't or that laptop. Don't

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Speaker 1: throw it in the woods. Yeah, responsibly recycle your electronics

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Speaker 1: and batteries. Yeah. If there's one thing that we've learned

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Speaker 1: since the twentieth centuries that lead has some serious staying

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Speaker 1: power and it has a very pesky tendency to get

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Speaker 1: out of wherever we put it, right, And yeah, if

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Speaker 1: you put it in just a regular landfill that's not

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Speaker 1: designed to accept things like lead, um, it will just

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Speaker 1: leach into the groundwater and um. Same thing with your

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Speaker 1: e waste, your your laptops, and the reason that they're

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Speaker 1: used in laptops, um is because the lead actually protects

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Speaker 1: you from the radiation that would shoot out of your

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Speaker 1: laptop screen into your face if it weren't for the

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Speaker 1: toxic lead in there. That's right. Glass cathode ray tubes

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Speaker 1: like you find in your computer laptop screen. Yeah. Well

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Speaker 1: I don't know about your laptop, but your computer, yeah,

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00:17:39,119 --> 00:17:42,840
Speaker 1: your monitor. But there's but you should let in there.

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Speaker 1: You should responsibly recycle your laptop too, for sure, for

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Speaker 1: a number of reasons. I know you did a what

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Speaker 1: was it called electronics recycling? Yeah? What was it? Like?

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Speaker 1: Just a thought or I have no idea what you're

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Speaker 1: talking about. You did a video series where you like, no, sure,

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Speaker 1: deep thought. No, I can't even remember I created the series. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: but you do one on e recycling. Yeah, but nobody

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Speaker 1: cared or watch. So the world was not saved. Everyone said, Chuck,

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Speaker 1: quit doing it. All right, Well, let's take a break.

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna go cry tire for man. What was the

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Speaker 1: name of that series? I don't know. We'll go get

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Speaker 1: forties and pour them out on the curb Forum. All right,

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Speaker 1: we'll be back in a second. All right, Josh, we've

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Speaker 1: talked a lot about lead so far and enchiladas in

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Speaker 1: Dutch rock rack rap rock bands. It comes from the earth, though,

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Speaker 1: let's let's take it underground. Yeah it's not actually, I mean,

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Speaker 1: it is naturally occurring, but it doesn't naturally occur in

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Speaker 1: its pure form. Yeah, you don't just like dig down.

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Speaker 1: You're like, hey, there's a big hunk of lead, let

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Speaker 1: me pull it out. Instead, lead atoms have um I

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Speaker 1: think four unpaired uh electrons maybe, and it's outer shell um.

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Speaker 1: So it likes to form connections with other things. So

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Speaker 1: when you find lead in the earth, you're gonna find

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Speaker 1: it in the form of a ox side or a

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Speaker 1: sulfide or something like that. Frequently it's combined with silver,

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00:19:23,400 --> 00:19:26,080
Speaker 1: and so that means it has to be separated. And

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Speaker 1: even the Romans back in the day, which by the way,

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00:19:28,720 --> 00:19:32,640
Speaker 1: these Roman um lead pipes that they used for baths

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00:19:32,720 --> 00:19:36,040
Speaker 1: and for sanitation and stuff still intact today. You can

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00:19:36,040 --> 00:19:38,720
Speaker 1: still dig those up and beat people with them. You could.

339
00:19:39,680 --> 00:19:41,800
Speaker 1: That's the other place you'll find a lead pipe is

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Speaker 1: in the hand of some dude coming after you, or

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Speaker 1: a game of clue. Oh yeah, that's right. That was bent.

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Speaker 1: Even the guy was hit so hard with it, Colonel Mustard,

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Speaker 1: he was not to be trusted, he was not. But yes,

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Speaker 1: the Romans they had a pretty us man. They were

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Speaker 1: so smart. They had a pretty ingenious process called coppellation. Uh.

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00:20:02,600 --> 00:20:04,560
Speaker 1: The extent of that is basically the idea is that

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Speaker 1: some precious metals, I'm sorry, precious metals. All precious metals

348
00:20:09,520 --> 00:20:13,840
Speaker 1: won't oxidize, but dumb metals will. So if you heat

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Speaker 1: that junk up, it's going to separate, right. And then

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Speaker 1: they used it mostly to separate from silver. But these

351
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Speaker 1: days we get most of our lead from something called galena,

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Speaker 1: where a lead sulfide is found, right. Yeah, And our

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00:20:26,080 --> 00:20:28,680
Speaker 1: process is sort of similar. It is very like using

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Speaker 1: heat to separate things. And this this actually it very

355
00:20:31,440 --> 00:20:36,040
Speaker 1: much resembles Do you remember our waste gasification episode. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I couldn't remember which one this it was that one,

357
00:20:39,480 --> 00:20:41,480
Speaker 1: because the process is very similar. So you take some

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Speaker 1: lead sulfide and you heat it up, uh in the air,

359
00:20:46,440 --> 00:20:50,720
Speaker 1: so there's the presence of oxygen and it converts into um,

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Speaker 1: lead oxide and sulfur dioxide, right, So you separate them

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Speaker 1: out a little bit. Then you take that lead oxide

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Speaker 1: and you egg carbon co and you again mix it

363
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Speaker 1: with some air and as that happens, the air combines

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00:21:05,280 --> 00:21:09,040
Speaker 1: with the oxide into car you know, the carbon combines

365
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Speaker 1: with the air and becomes carbon dioxide. Takes all of

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Speaker 1: the um oxygen molecules from the lead atoms. So the lead,

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Speaker 1: basically what amounts of pure lead, becomes molten and goes

368
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Speaker 1: down to the bottom of the furnace and carbon dioxide

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Speaker 1: goes out into the atmosphere. It sounds like a very

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Speaker 1: safe process. Basically you're creating molten lead and carbon dioxide. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's called roasting and smelting. And uh. Once that lead

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Speaker 1: sinks cools down, it's gonna it's called a pig It's

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Speaker 1: just a big mess of lead basically. Yeah, like pig iron. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's it's delicious. Uh. And then you have slag, which

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Speaker 1: is the non metallic byproduct of the smelting process, and

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Speaker 1: you siphon and cool that down and it's waste waste product. Yes. Uh.

377
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Speaker 1: And like I said, recycling your car battery is important

378
00:21:59,200 --> 00:22:02,920
Speaker 1: because there's also a process called secondary extraction where they

379
00:22:02,920 --> 00:22:05,200
Speaker 1: get that lead out of your battery. You can keep

380
00:22:05,280 --> 00:22:07,720
Speaker 1: using it exactly. That's the other good thing about lead.

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00:22:07,760 --> 00:22:12,520
Speaker 1: It is extremely reusable because again, it has a lot

382
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Speaker 1: of staying power, so you're not gonna use lead up,

383
00:22:15,600 --> 00:22:18,199
Speaker 1: you know, which means you want to reuse it. Yes,

384
00:22:18,400 --> 00:22:20,239
Speaker 1: we should get to the point where we don't need

385
00:22:20,280 --> 00:22:23,359
Speaker 1: to mind any more lead or process anymore lead. Just

386
00:22:23,400 --> 00:22:27,040
Speaker 1: reuse the lead we've got, or maybe find some great

387
00:22:27,080 --> 00:22:29,840
Speaker 1: substitute that isn't so toxic. You know, you melt down

388
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Speaker 1: those tiny civil war figurines. Oh yeah, those guys are

389
00:22:33,840 --> 00:22:37,520
Speaker 1: lead Okay I thought they were. Yeah, So handling and

390
00:22:37,520 --> 00:22:41,720
Speaker 1: painting those with lead paint, it's dangerous, right, yes, yes,

391
00:22:42,800 --> 00:22:44,840
Speaker 1: yes it is. Is that where we're losing so many

392
00:22:44,880 --> 00:22:47,840
Speaker 1: Civil war figurine buffs? I think so at an alarming rate.

393
00:22:47,960 --> 00:22:51,399
Speaker 1: That's why they all have like spittle and drool around

394
00:22:51,400 --> 00:22:53,480
Speaker 1: the corners of their mouths and like zone out while

395
00:22:53,520 --> 00:22:57,960
Speaker 1: they're painting. Well, there's other reasons for that, but sure contributes.

396
00:22:58,400 --> 00:23:03,680
Speaker 1: So uh okay, chuck um, you mentioned or we mentioned

397
00:23:03,760 --> 00:23:09,000
Speaker 1: lead refining and processing, smelting, roasting, that kind of stuff, right, Um,

398
00:23:09,040 --> 00:23:13,080
Speaker 1: that does create emissions of not just carbon dioxide but

399
00:23:13,160 --> 00:23:17,119
Speaker 1: also um lead vapor, which is not good stuff, and

400
00:23:17,160 --> 00:23:19,159
Speaker 1: you want to control that kind of stuff. But it

401
00:23:19,280 --> 00:23:22,200
Speaker 1: is emitted and it uh it used to be. Well,

402
00:23:22,240 --> 00:23:26,920
Speaker 1: these days, lead emissions um from refining and processing are

403
00:23:26,960 --> 00:23:30,560
Speaker 1: actually the number one source of lead vapor emissions in

404
00:23:30,560 --> 00:23:35,960
Speaker 1: the environment. Right, but um forty yeah, about forty years ago,

405
00:23:36,040 --> 00:23:38,639
Speaker 1: forty five years ago that was not the case. The

406
00:23:38,680 --> 00:23:41,479
Speaker 1: case was all those cars driving around on the streets

407
00:23:41,880 --> 00:23:44,960
Speaker 1: emitting lead vapor. Yeah, used to account for about seventy

408
00:23:45,560 --> 00:23:48,720
Speaker 1: if it came from your automobile. And uh, since the

409
00:23:48,720 --> 00:23:55,080
Speaker 1: phasing out and reversal, we know coming from the processing

410
00:23:55,920 --> 00:24:00,280
Speaker 1: and what is it down to, uh road sources, it's

411
00:24:00,280 --> 00:24:07,280
Speaker 1: a fuel combustion. Yeah, not bad, No, not bad. Still again,

412
00:24:07,560 --> 00:24:10,600
Speaker 1: you basically wanted like zero as we're finding, like the

413
00:24:10,880 --> 00:24:14,040
Speaker 1: um as, we'll see that that lead exposure in any

414
00:24:14,040 --> 00:24:16,760
Speaker 1: amount is not good and it gets it goes from

415
00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:20,080
Speaker 1: not good to really bad very quickly apparently. Yeah. And

416
00:24:20,760 --> 00:24:23,520
Speaker 1: you know, let us know good. We mentioned kids chewing

417
00:24:23,520 --> 00:24:25,840
Speaker 1: on something with lead pain is not good. If you're

418
00:24:25,920 --> 00:24:29,359
Speaker 1: redoing your house, uh and it's pre nineteen seventy eight,

419
00:24:29,440 --> 00:24:32,359
Speaker 1: you want to get a piece tested. You can't just

420
00:24:32,400 --> 00:24:35,520
Speaker 1: be like, let me sand off, no the paint on

421
00:24:35,560 --> 00:24:38,480
Speaker 1: this molding now, because again, even if you think you've

422
00:24:38,480 --> 00:24:41,480
Speaker 1: cleaned it up, there's still there's lead right there, buddy,

423
00:24:41,880 --> 00:24:44,520
Speaker 1: um that you're not going to get rid of it. Apparently. Also,

424
00:24:44,640 --> 00:24:48,639
Speaker 1: opening and closing your windows in a pre nineteen house

425
00:24:49,080 --> 00:24:51,920
Speaker 1: can create lead dust if you're lucky enough to be

426
00:24:51,960 --> 00:24:54,399
Speaker 1: able to open your windows. Sure, that's a that's a

427
00:24:54,440 --> 00:24:58,280
Speaker 1: point minor sealed shut yeah, or nailed chatter, what have you. Yeah,

428
00:24:58,400 --> 00:25:02,640
Speaker 1: just from years of painting basically with probably lead paint guaranteed. No,

429
00:25:02,680 --> 00:25:05,480
Speaker 1: it's not. Actually we we had it tested, Oh did you? Yeah?

430
00:25:05,600 --> 00:25:09,119
Speaker 1: I mean it wasn't lead paint, but you had it

431
00:25:09,160 --> 00:25:12,280
Speaker 1: tested like all the way through, Like yeah, yeah, yeah,

432
00:25:12,280 --> 00:25:14,600
Speaker 1: But what I'm saying is pre nineteen seventy eight, it's

433
00:25:14,600 --> 00:25:16,640
Speaker 1: not the only paint that was used. I know you're

434
00:25:16,640 --> 00:25:19,200
Speaker 1: saying that's why you get it tested, right, But did

435
00:25:19,200 --> 00:25:22,600
Speaker 1: you get like all the layers underneath tested well for

436
00:25:22,640 --> 00:25:26,560
Speaker 1: any Yeah? Okay, that was my all the layers sound

437
00:25:26,560 --> 00:25:29,240
Speaker 1: effect like we hired a lead person. I got too. Good.

438
00:25:29,320 --> 00:25:31,560
Speaker 1: Good good. That makes me feel better. Yeah. And if

439
00:25:31,560 --> 00:25:33,920
Speaker 1: you want to if there is lead and you want

440
00:25:33,920 --> 00:25:35,480
Speaker 1: to get the lead out, you're gonna have to hire

441
00:25:35,840 --> 00:25:38,240
Speaker 1: someone that knows what they're doing and they'll come in

442
00:25:38,480 --> 00:25:42,600
Speaker 1: with their has mat suits on to do so. Right. Um,

443
00:25:42,720 --> 00:25:45,640
Speaker 1: So you can also get it from plumbing, although apparently,

444
00:25:46,160 --> 00:25:49,639
Speaker 1: um with lead plumbing it's not quite as much of

445
00:25:49,640 --> 00:25:51,639
Speaker 1: a thread as you would think. You know, didn't that

446
00:25:51,680 --> 00:25:53,720
Speaker 1: make you just want to like never drink water again,

447
00:25:53,760 --> 00:25:55,879
Speaker 1: knowing that you have lead pipes in your house, you

448
00:25:55,880 --> 00:26:00,680
Speaker 1: shouldn't necessarily be worried because um, over the years, water

449
00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:05,560
Speaker 1: sanitation experts have figured out that if you have good

450
00:26:05,600 --> 00:26:10,560
Speaker 1: water that's non corrosive, it actually is not only non corrosive,

451
00:26:11,040 --> 00:26:15,160
Speaker 1: the water will leave behind a protective coating that coats

452
00:26:15,200 --> 00:26:21,280
Speaker 1: the inside of the pipes that it runs through. The lead, Yes,

453
00:26:21,359 --> 00:26:23,280
Speaker 1: over whatever it is, but yeah, it's gonna leave a

454
00:26:23,280 --> 00:26:26,720
Speaker 1: protective coat of other substances that aren't toxic that it's

455
00:26:26,720 --> 00:26:31,719
Speaker 1: gonna form a barrier for later water and the pipes. UM.

456
00:26:31,840 --> 00:26:35,120
Speaker 1: And uh so you you shouldn't necessarily be freaked out

457
00:26:35,200 --> 00:26:38,159
Speaker 1: if you have lead pipes coming to your house. Although

458
00:26:38,760 --> 00:26:41,960
Speaker 1: I mean you've got the money, that's there's definitely worse

459
00:26:42,040 --> 00:26:44,919
Speaker 1: things you could spend your money on than replacing those pipes.

460
00:26:45,560 --> 00:26:49,920
Speaker 1: You know copper, Well, copper can be a problem as well.

461
00:26:49,960 --> 00:26:54,159
Speaker 1: There's actually a copper lead rule that UM that dictates

462
00:26:54,160 --> 00:26:58,880
Speaker 1: how non corrosive cities water has to be to follow

463
00:26:58,920 --> 00:27:01,679
Speaker 1: this rule, and it's detecting not just against led, but copper.

464
00:27:01,720 --> 00:27:03,880
Speaker 1: You don't really want copper either, although it's not nearly

465
00:27:03,920 --> 00:27:06,679
Speaker 1: as bad for you as lead interesting. So if you

466
00:27:06,760 --> 00:27:09,240
Speaker 1: have lead in your system, I mean it goes, it

467
00:27:09,280 --> 00:27:12,399
Speaker 1: goes into your bloodstream. Uh, it doesn't matter how it

468
00:27:12,440 --> 00:27:15,120
Speaker 1: gets in there. If you inhale it, it'll be absorbed

469
00:27:15,280 --> 00:27:18,080
Speaker 1: to the capillaries and the lungs into the blood or

470
00:27:18,119 --> 00:27:22,159
Speaker 1: if you uh, if you if you touch it, if

471
00:27:22,160 --> 00:27:25,399
Speaker 1: you lick it, it's gonna find this way into your blood. Uh,

472
00:27:25,480 --> 00:27:27,200
Speaker 1: and you can. I mean, it's really easy to find

473
00:27:27,240 --> 00:27:28,919
Speaker 1: out if you have lead in your blood. You just

474
00:27:28,920 --> 00:27:31,320
Speaker 1: get a blood test. UM. I don't know why they

475
00:27:31,320 --> 00:27:33,480
Speaker 1: would do this other test. I don't either, and not

476
00:27:33,600 --> 00:27:37,199
Speaker 1: just a blood test unless it's like prohibitably expensive or

477
00:27:37,200 --> 00:27:39,960
Speaker 1: something so that. Yeah, the other test is called the

478
00:27:40,119 --> 00:27:45,919
Speaker 1: zinc proto porphyrin um test, and that's a byproduct of

479
00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:48,960
Speaker 1: red blood cells as they break down in the presence

480
00:27:48,960 --> 00:27:53,680
Speaker 1: of lead. So rather than directly testing, and it's you're

481
00:27:53,720 --> 00:27:57,120
Speaker 1: like going around to see, excuse me, lead, I want

482
00:27:57,119 --> 00:27:59,760
Speaker 1: to see if your shadow is detectable. I don't get

483
00:27:59,760 --> 00:28:01,720
Speaker 1: it makes zero sense because you gotta take your blood

484
00:28:01,720 --> 00:28:05,240
Speaker 1: for that too, write and it's not exaccurate. Yeah, it

485
00:28:05,280 --> 00:28:09,280
Speaker 1: doesn't make any sense. But the lead blood test is

486
00:28:09,320 --> 00:28:12,480
Speaker 1: so easy that UM companies like three M and plenty

487
00:28:12,480 --> 00:28:17,280
Speaker 1: of others sell home lead blood tests. It's yeah, it

488
00:28:17,400 --> 00:28:19,640
Speaker 1: is nice unless you're the parent who is freaked out

489
00:28:19,680 --> 00:28:22,600
Speaker 1: giving one to your kid. Well, that's true. You know,

490
00:28:23,400 --> 00:28:28,000
Speaker 1: anything over equal to or greater than um five micrograms

491
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:31,639
Speaker 1: per DESSI leader is bad if you're a kid. If

492
00:28:31,640 --> 00:28:33,320
Speaker 1: you're an adult, you can tolerate a little bit more,

493
00:28:33,359 --> 00:28:36,520
Speaker 1: but it's still distressing, right, And that's how it's expressed. So,

494
00:28:36,840 --> 00:28:39,960
Speaker 1: um a microgram to a DESI leader, which is a

495
00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:43,600
Speaker 1: tenth of a leader, right, Um, And so five is

496
00:28:43,600 --> 00:28:47,280
Speaker 1: not good. Ten micrograms in a desk a leader is

497
00:28:47,320 --> 00:28:54,720
Speaker 1: where demonstrable UM like behavioral and cognitive problems start to develop. Yeah,

498
00:28:54,760 --> 00:28:57,200
Speaker 1: that's serious trouble. But the e p A has said,

499
00:28:57,560 --> 00:29:01,640
Speaker 1: um that there's quote no demons traded safe concentration of

500
00:29:01,720 --> 00:29:05,480
Speaker 1: lead in blood, like you shouldn't have any in The

501
00:29:05,480 --> 00:29:09,000
Speaker 1: problem is nothing but toxic to humans. There is no benefit. Yeah,

502
00:29:09,080 --> 00:29:11,320
Speaker 1: and um, we'll talk about it in just a second.

503
00:29:11,360 --> 00:29:14,680
Speaker 1: But the problem with lead is that we're figuring out

504
00:29:15,040 --> 00:29:17,880
Speaker 1: that we shouldn't be exposed to it at all, while

505
00:29:17,920 --> 00:29:21,480
Speaker 1: we're also simultaneously figuring out that we have a washed

506
00:29:21,640 --> 00:29:25,040
Speaker 1: our planet in it from the last like a couple

507
00:29:25,080 --> 00:29:29,080
Speaker 1: of hundred years. Basically, you wanna take a break. Yeah,

508
00:29:29,200 --> 00:29:31,600
Speaker 1: all right, we'll come back and we'll talk about all

509
00:29:31,680 --> 00:29:50,440
Speaker 1: kinds of fun stuff, all right. So before I left,

510
00:29:50,440 --> 00:29:53,400
Speaker 1: I t s that there is no function for lead

511
00:29:53,520 --> 00:29:57,160
Speaker 1: in the body. It is nothing but toxic, uh in it.

512
00:29:58,120 --> 00:30:00,880
Speaker 1: The way it behaves in your body in a negative

513
00:30:00,920 --> 00:30:04,800
Speaker 1: way is really interesting. UM your body, and this happens

514
00:30:04,800 --> 00:30:07,400
Speaker 1: a lot. I feel like we covered the body mistaking

515
00:30:07,480 --> 00:30:10,479
Speaker 1: something for something else quite a bit. Is there there

516
00:30:10,480 --> 00:30:13,200
Speaker 1: should be a word for that, uh, the case of

517
00:30:13,320 --> 00:30:17,360
Speaker 1: mistaken identity. I guess that's it. But the body treats

518
00:30:17,440 --> 00:30:20,640
Speaker 1: lead like calcium. UM. So it's gonna go where calcium

519
00:30:20,680 --> 00:30:24,040
Speaker 1: goes in the body, including your bones, which is super scary. Yeah.

520
00:30:24,120 --> 00:30:28,000
Speaker 1: Lead settles in very comfortably into calcium receptors, and it's

521
00:30:28,000 --> 00:30:29,920
Speaker 1: not just bones, Like that's what I always think of

522
00:30:29,920 --> 00:30:32,440
Speaker 1: when I think of calcium, Like what you need calcium

523
00:30:32,440 --> 00:30:34,320
Speaker 1: because your bones will break or you get rickets if

524
00:30:34,320 --> 00:30:37,560
Speaker 1: you don't have it or whatever. Um, But calcium comes

525
00:30:37,560 --> 00:30:40,000
Speaker 1: in handy throughout your whole body. And one of the

526
00:30:40,040 --> 00:30:44,480
Speaker 1: big places that shows up is in calcium ions in UM.

527
00:30:44,680 --> 00:30:48,120
Speaker 1: Your neuronal activity. Right. So when your neurons fire, one

528
00:30:48,120 --> 00:30:50,600
Speaker 1: of the ways that they fire, uh, is because the

529
00:30:50,640 --> 00:30:53,520
Speaker 1: neurons or the calcium ions get them all excited and

530
00:30:53,520 --> 00:30:57,800
Speaker 1: then poo, your your neurons is fired. If lead is

531
00:30:57,800 --> 00:31:01,520
Speaker 1: in that calcium ion channel instead of calcium, that kaboo

532
00:31:01,680 --> 00:31:04,240
Speaker 1: doesn't happen, and all of a sudden, your neurons aren't

533
00:31:04,240 --> 00:31:06,760
Speaker 1: firing as much as they would if the lead wasn't present.

534
00:31:06,920 --> 00:31:08,920
Speaker 1: And now we have a big problem. Yeah, and it's

535
00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:14,320
Speaker 1: especially big problem with children because children's little brains are uh,

536
00:31:14,360 --> 00:31:17,880
Speaker 1: you know, we talked about plasticity before. They're constantly forming

537
00:31:17,880 --> 00:31:21,280
Speaker 1: these new neural connections and any kind of lead in

538
00:31:21,280 --> 00:31:25,000
Speaker 1: the mistaken for calcium is going to disrupt those connections.

539
00:31:25,080 --> 00:31:30,360
Speaker 1: And so your child is literally their brain isn't going

540
00:31:30,400 --> 00:31:34,880
Speaker 1: to advance like it should, right exactly. Intellectually, Um, the

541
00:31:35,080 --> 00:31:39,600
Speaker 1: apparently emotional centers like the amygdala can suffer UM that

542
00:31:39,720 --> 00:31:45,040
Speaker 1: it's been found to produce hyperactivity, anti social behavior, UM,

543
00:31:45,080 --> 00:31:49,320
Speaker 1: attention deficit disorder, all sorts of problems from the presence

544
00:31:49,320 --> 00:31:53,840
Speaker 1: of lead, right. Um. And like you said, it's worse

545
00:31:53,920 --> 00:31:56,520
Speaker 1: for kids because their brains are still developing and forming

546
00:31:56,800 --> 00:32:00,000
Speaker 1: it's bad for anybody, but it's definitely worse for kids.

547
00:32:00,200 --> 00:32:02,080
Speaker 1: And the other way that it affects kids is that

548
00:32:02,240 --> 00:32:05,479
Speaker 1: so the regions of their brains aren't developing correctly. But

549
00:32:05,520 --> 00:32:09,560
Speaker 1: then simultaneously, calcium is also important in the formation of myelin,

550
00:32:09,920 --> 00:32:14,160
Speaker 1: which is that protective sheath around the synapses between neurons.

551
00:32:14,200 --> 00:32:16,720
Speaker 1: So that's kind of like flimsy, which means that the

552
00:32:16,760 --> 00:32:19,959
Speaker 1: neurons aren't firing efficiently. So not only do you have

553
00:32:20,000 --> 00:32:23,480
Speaker 1: brain regions affected, but the communication between brain regions are

554
00:32:23,520 --> 00:32:26,920
Speaker 1: affected too in little kids. And the upshot is is

555
00:32:26,960 --> 00:32:30,800
Speaker 1: that it promotes all sorts of problems with cognitive and

556
00:32:30,960 --> 00:32:35,040
Speaker 1: emotional and behavioral development and children. Yeah, and like literally

557
00:32:35,160 --> 00:32:38,200
Speaker 1: lower i Q scores. And we should say that that's

558
00:32:38,280 --> 00:32:41,440
Speaker 1: just like the most prominent horrifying effect of lead. There's

559
00:32:41,480 --> 00:32:43,600
Speaker 1: a whole laundry list of other things that can happen to,

560
00:32:43,760 --> 00:32:47,640
Speaker 1: like um kidney failure, pain in your bones and joints

561
00:32:47,680 --> 00:32:50,200
Speaker 1: from all that lead settling into where the calcium is

562
00:32:50,200 --> 00:32:53,440
Speaker 1: supposed to go. Yeah, how about decreased sex drive and

563
00:32:53,520 --> 00:32:58,160
Speaker 1: sterility and infertility for both men and women. Uh, what else? Diarrhea,

564
00:32:58,240 --> 00:33:01,160
Speaker 1: lack of appetite, constipation. I think diarrhea is the least

565
00:33:01,200 --> 00:33:03,800
Speaker 1: of your worries. If you have a lad blood, high

566
00:33:03,840 --> 00:33:08,640
Speaker 1: blood pressure, enlarged heart. Uh, it's it's It affects virtually

567
00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:10,840
Speaker 1: every system in your body basically. And the reason why

568
00:33:10,920 --> 00:33:14,920
Speaker 1: again is because it mimics or it takes the place

569
00:33:14,960 --> 00:33:18,600
Speaker 1: of calcium, and calcium is incredibly vital. It's an extremely

570
00:33:18,640 --> 00:33:22,320
Speaker 1: important mineral that you need found throughout your body. And

571
00:33:22,360 --> 00:33:25,560
Speaker 1: if a leg goes in, it's like, um, I'm here instead. Yeah,

572
00:33:25,680 --> 00:33:27,320
Speaker 1: it's not going to do the stuff that the calcium

573
00:33:27,360 --> 00:33:31,480
Speaker 1: supposed to do, leading to all this cascade of horrific problems. Yeah.

574
00:33:31,520 --> 00:33:33,880
Speaker 1: And one of the other scary things is that they

575
00:33:33,960 --> 00:33:36,600
Speaker 1: unless you have acute lead poisoning, you may not know.

576
00:33:36,720 --> 00:33:39,800
Speaker 1: In fact, you probably won't know that you're being slowly poisoned.

577
00:33:40,200 --> 00:33:43,320
Speaker 1: And you might just think, oh, I have diarrhea and

578
00:33:43,360 --> 00:33:45,800
Speaker 1: I don't feel like having sex much anymore, and you

579
00:33:45,880 --> 00:33:49,200
Speaker 1: might be slowly getting lead poisoning, and you you just

580
00:33:49,240 --> 00:33:52,840
Speaker 1: blame that on too many buffalo wings. But boom, it's

581
00:33:52,960 --> 00:33:56,120
Speaker 1: lead poison takes care of both. Uh. You remember being

582
00:33:56,120 --> 00:33:58,240
Speaker 1: a kid and like lead pencils, like it was a

583
00:33:58,240 --> 00:34:00,880
Speaker 1: big scare, Like you know you lead poisoning if you

584
00:34:00,920 --> 00:34:02,720
Speaker 1: got poked with a pencil. Yeah, I remember that, But

585
00:34:02,760 --> 00:34:05,680
Speaker 1: then I also remember learning that there's actually graphite used

586
00:34:05,680 --> 00:34:08,279
Speaker 1: in pencils. We should have a buy our age. You

587
00:34:08,280 --> 00:34:11,279
Speaker 1: should have David Reeson. Oh yeah, how to sharpen a

588
00:34:11,320 --> 00:34:13,759
Speaker 1: pencil and he can school you on some pencils. He

589
00:34:13,800 --> 00:34:15,799
Speaker 1: wrote a whole book on it, literally wrote the book

590
00:34:15,840 --> 00:34:18,719
Speaker 1: on pencil sharpening. Yeah. I still have let or I guess,

591
00:34:18,719 --> 00:34:23,040
Speaker 1: graphite somewhere in my hand from when I was jabbed

592
00:34:23,520 --> 00:34:26,319
Speaker 1: very deep with a pencil that broke off and it

593
00:34:26,400 --> 00:34:28,319
Speaker 1: never left and there still just looks like a little

594
00:34:28,320 --> 00:34:31,000
Speaker 1: black freckle. It's like you're in prison and got shanked.

595
00:34:31,040 --> 00:34:35,319
Speaker 1: I know, I can't find where it is. No, that's

596
00:34:35,320 --> 00:34:41,280
Speaker 1: a scratch. So we've talked about all the cognitive problems

597
00:34:41,320 --> 00:34:45,000
Speaker 1: that can come about and behavioral and emotional disorders that

598
00:34:45,160 --> 00:34:48,239
Speaker 1: can develop from lead. And this is like study after

599
00:34:48,280 --> 00:34:50,400
Speaker 1: study after study has found this. It's one of the

600
00:34:50,440 --> 00:34:52,760
Speaker 1: big reasons why there have been so many restrictions placed

601
00:34:52,760 --> 00:34:59,439
Speaker 1: on lead exposure. Um And recently some people have some

602
00:34:59,600 --> 00:35:03,600
Speaker 1: research chers, including a couple of well an economist I believe,

603
00:35:04,000 --> 00:35:08,520
Speaker 1: and an epidemiologist have UM kind of taken that idea

604
00:35:08,640 --> 00:35:12,359
Speaker 1: that lead can create all of these behavioral problems and

605
00:35:12,360 --> 00:35:16,920
Speaker 1: any social behavioral problems UM and extrapolated to this idea

606
00:35:17,200 --> 00:35:20,879
Speaker 1: that there is a big rise in the crime rate

607
00:35:21,000 --> 00:35:23,680
Speaker 1: in the United States and actually around the world. That

608
00:35:24,520 --> 00:35:29,359
Speaker 1: followed about twenty years UM the same trajectory of the

609
00:35:29,440 --> 00:35:35,720
Speaker 1: use of lead and gasoline. Super interesting article, very controversial,

610
00:35:36,320 --> 00:35:40,800
Speaker 1: like when it came well it still is, UM, but yeah,

611
00:35:40,840 --> 00:35:44,560
Speaker 1: it's very interesting. Yeah, it's called lead America's Real Criminal Element.

612
00:35:44,600 --> 00:35:46,600
Speaker 1: It was in Mother Jones. Was written by Kevin Drum,

613
00:35:46,600 --> 00:35:49,520
Speaker 1: who was one of the all time greats working today.

614
00:35:49,640 --> 00:35:52,879
Speaker 1: And UM, I think I've mentioned it before, but I

615
00:35:52,960 --> 00:35:56,120
Speaker 1: strongly encourage anybody it doesn't even matter if lads the

616
00:35:56,160 --> 00:35:58,520
Speaker 1: most boring thing in the world to you go read

617
00:35:58,560 --> 00:36:02,279
Speaker 1: this article. You will be riveted by it. And Kevin

618
00:36:02,320 --> 00:36:05,520
Speaker 1: Drum does a lot of He does a very good

619
00:36:05,640 --> 00:36:10,360
Speaker 1: job of keeping his extrapolations down as low as possible,

620
00:36:10,640 --> 00:36:14,040
Speaker 1: although anybody can see by the evidence that he lays

621
00:36:14,040 --> 00:36:17,239
Speaker 1: out that this is it's pretty clear that lead is

622
00:36:17,280 --> 00:36:20,160
Speaker 1: some sort of culprit in this UM and it's been

623
00:36:20,239 --> 00:36:24,520
Speaker 1: shot down and that there's this idea that the science

624
00:36:24,560 --> 00:36:28,440
Speaker 1: isn't settled. I suspect that it's the same mechanisms that

625
00:36:28,520 --> 00:36:34,560
Speaker 1: force with climate denial. Like unsettled science doesn't prove anything.

626
00:36:35,040 --> 00:36:37,239
Speaker 1: If you look at all the studies associated with this,

627
00:36:38,040 --> 00:36:41,680
Speaker 1: the correlation between lead use in gasoline and therefore lad

628
00:36:41,719 --> 00:36:47,840
Speaker 1: emissions in UM cars and criminal activity and its decline again,

629
00:36:47,920 --> 00:36:50,920
Speaker 1: it just follows it like twenty years after. And the

630
00:36:50,960 --> 00:36:54,839
Speaker 1: whole idea is that when we started emitting lead into

631
00:36:54,920 --> 00:36:59,279
Speaker 1: the atmosphere, UM, kids started suffering these cognitive and in

632
00:36:59,360 --> 00:37:02,239
Speaker 1: associal but avirs. And then about twenty years after these

633
00:37:02,280 --> 00:37:05,440
Speaker 1: kids were born, they started actually carrying out criminal activity,

634
00:37:05,440 --> 00:37:08,400
Speaker 1: and we saw a tremendous rise and everything from like

635
00:37:08,480 --> 00:37:12,600
Speaker 1: murder to rape, to mugging's to everything. UM. And it's

636
00:37:12,680 --> 00:37:15,720
Speaker 1: the articles too long to to really go into detail. Again,

637
00:37:15,840 --> 00:37:19,120
Speaker 1: just strongly urge anybody to go read it. Yeah. The

638
00:37:19,120 --> 00:37:22,800
Speaker 1: the um the backlash that I've seen on the article

639
00:37:22,920 --> 00:37:26,959
Speaker 1: wasn't to me like it was all from scientists mainly. Yeah,

640
00:37:26,960 --> 00:37:28,959
Speaker 1: I read a few of them. They weren't poopooing the notion.

641
00:37:29,040 --> 00:37:31,920
Speaker 1: They said this what this means is it bears a

642
00:37:31,920 --> 00:37:35,759
Speaker 1: lot more investigation. UM. But as much as you want

643
00:37:35,800 --> 00:37:39,800
Speaker 1: if you can't replicate it. It's still possible confirmation bias

644
00:37:39,920 --> 00:37:43,040
Speaker 1: or just sure correlation and not causation, like could be

645
00:37:43,080 --> 00:37:44,880
Speaker 1: a host of other issues that went into that. It

646
00:37:44,920 --> 00:37:46,719
Speaker 1: could be And and Kevin Joon makes the same point.

647
00:37:46,719 --> 00:37:49,440
Speaker 1: He's like, there's also a rise in the use of

648
00:37:49,600 --> 00:37:53,400
Speaker 1: vinyl albums that followed roughly the same trajectory as well.

649
00:37:53,440 --> 00:37:57,120
Speaker 1: But um, you know, of course it needs more study

650
00:37:57,200 --> 00:37:59,560
Speaker 1: for sure. Well this this one scientist said, what you

651
00:37:59,560 --> 00:38:02,239
Speaker 1: really need to do is follow what he calls a

652
00:38:02,239 --> 00:38:09,759
Speaker 1: cohort study, when you actually follow individuals along a long timeline. Um,

653
00:38:09,800 --> 00:38:13,000
Speaker 1: it's just a tough study. It's it bears a lot

654
00:38:13,040 --> 00:38:18,120
Speaker 1: of uh to prove something like this just takes a

655
00:38:18,160 --> 00:38:22,879
Speaker 1: lot more data than they have, right, And I think

656
00:38:22,880 --> 00:38:26,759
Speaker 1: the guy you're referencing is Scott Firestone, who is, um, yeah,

657
00:38:26,800 --> 00:38:29,320
Speaker 1: that was a good who wrote on the Discover magazine

658
00:38:29,360 --> 00:38:32,920
Speaker 1: blog and um, you know he gives kudos to Drum

659
00:38:32,960 --> 00:38:37,000
Speaker 1: who definitely deserves it for basically saying every time he says,

660
00:38:37,680 --> 00:38:41,080
Speaker 1: you know, it's it's it's so obvious you have to

661
00:38:41,120 --> 00:38:43,839
Speaker 1: be just you know, have your head in the stand

662
00:38:43,840 --> 00:38:48,000
Speaker 1: to deny this. He does say that, yes, speaking scientifically

663
00:38:48,320 --> 00:38:51,239
Speaker 1: that does require more study. Super interesting though, because the

664
00:38:51,280 --> 00:38:54,279
Speaker 1: crime and drum followed it all over the world. He

665
00:38:54,280 --> 00:38:56,160
Speaker 1: didn't just go to the United States and he saw

666
00:38:56,200 --> 00:38:59,040
Speaker 1: the same thing and Canada and Australia, in Great Britain.

667
00:38:59,080 --> 00:39:02,400
Speaker 1: And the good news is if if that is the case,

668
00:39:02,480 --> 00:39:08,240
Speaker 1: then we should see crime dropping. Yeah. But the problem

669
00:39:08,320 --> 00:39:12,200
Speaker 1: is is that it also should get us to do

670
00:39:12,840 --> 00:39:15,880
Speaker 1: basically mitigate the lead that isn't around, like in the

671
00:39:15,920 --> 00:39:19,640
Speaker 1: soil and in the water and everywhere and people's houses. Um.

672
00:39:19,960 --> 00:39:23,560
Speaker 1: And the dollar amounts that he estimates it would cost

673
00:39:24,000 --> 00:39:26,960
Speaker 1: are pretty prohibitive at least as far as like the

674
00:39:27,000 --> 00:39:29,879
Speaker 1: public will goes from right now. But who knows. I mean,

675
00:39:29,920 --> 00:39:33,080
Speaker 1: if enough science is done on it, and you get

676
00:39:33,080 --> 00:39:36,239
Speaker 1: the scientific community vocally speaking about this, then maybe the

677
00:39:36,320 --> 00:39:40,280
Speaker 1: public will will change. Uh. If you do have lead poisoning,

678
00:39:40,520 --> 00:39:43,760
Speaker 1: you can't get on meds. Uh. There's a prescription called

679
00:39:44,400 --> 00:39:47,360
Speaker 1: sustamer as U S C I M E R. That

680
00:39:47,440 --> 00:39:50,799
Speaker 1: was beautiful. Uh you see that or sucker over I

681
00:39:50,880 --> 00:39:53,879
Speaker 1: like how you said, Um, it can reduce blood lead. Um.

682
00:39:54,080 --> 00:39:57,319
Speaker 1: There of course always side effects with every medication. UM.

683
00:39:57,520 --> 00:40:00,640
Speaker 1: And if you work, if you've like there's been a

684
00:40:00,680 --> 00:40:06,120
Speaker 1: disaster and you get toxic lead in your body very quickly. UM,

685
00:40:06,320 --> 00:40:12,080
Speaker 1: they can use something called kellation collation collection therapy. UH.

686
00:40:12,120 --> 00:40:15,840
Speaker 1: And that's when they use a collating agent. I'm not

687
00:40:15,840 --> 00:40:20,520
Speaker 1: even gonna try that. I'm gonna try it. Okay, Ethyl

688
00:40:20,600 --> 00:40:28,080
Speaker 1: lenna diamina tetracetic acid. Hey, not bad if you like

689
00:40:28,320 --> 00:40:32,160
Speaker 1: super quick. I missed the last A. That's just a

690
00:40:32,200 --> 00:40:36,480
Speaker 1: few letters off from super califragilistic xbomy. It looks like

691
00:40:36,520 --> 00:40:39,520
Speaker 1: the alphabet when it's on paper, but we'll call it

692
00:40:39,520 --> 00:40:41,439
Speaker 1: E E T A. And that's when it's infused into

693
00:40:41,440 --> 00:40:45,520
Speaker 1: the bloodstream and actually binds. It basically says lead you're

694
00:40:45,560 --> 00:40:48,640
Speaker 1: coming with me through your kidney, out of your body, right. UM.

695
00:40:48,920 --> 00:40:53,480
Speaker 1: But they use that when it's just an acute toxic dose. UM,

696
00:40:53,600 --> 00:40:56,680
Speaker 1: that that a person has been exposed to. UM. If

697
00:40:56,680 --> 00:41:00,120
Speaker 1: a kid's been found to be poisoned with lead, actually,

698
00:41:00,239 --> 00:41:04,080
Speaker 1: from what I read, one of the best treatments that UM,

699
00:41:04,120 --> 00:41:06,160
Speaker 1: they'll they'll carry out. They'll they'll be other stuff too,

700
00:41:06,160 --> 00:41:08,760
Speaker 1: depending on how bad it is. But a really good

701
00:41:08,840 --> 00:41:12,480
Speaker 1: nutritious diet. UM, getting the kid foods that are high

702
00:41:12,560 --> 00:41:15,440
Speaker 1: and things like calcium and high in things like vitamin

703
00:41:15,480 --> 00:41:18,080
Speaker 1: C that help the body absorb calcium so that they

704
00:41:18,120 --> 00:41:22,399
Speaker 1: can go displace lead in the body. Because if you've

705
00:41:22,400 --> 00:41:24,799
Speaker 1: got lead and you've got calcium fighting for the for

706
00:41:25,000 --> 00:41:27,359
Speaker 1: the same place, if you can get the calcium in there,

707
00:41:27,360 --> 00:41:29,520
Speaker 1: it's going to displace the lead and then hopefully leave

708
00:41:29,680 --> 00:41:32,160
Speaker 1: the body. It's like, I'm going home. That's gotta be

709
00:41:32,200 --> 00:41:36,399
Speaker 1: hard on the kidney. So I don't know. I yeah,

710
00:41:36,440 --> 00:41:38,880
Speaker 1: I think if you have an acute lead poisoning or

711
00:41:38,880 --> 00:41:41,480
Speaker 1: a serious lead poisoning, it's not good. But yeah, of

712
00:41:41,480 --> 00:41:43,360
Speaker 1: course it'd be hard on the kidneys because one of

713
00:41:43,400 --> 00:41:47,920
Speaker 1: the things is kidney failure in anemia. Uh it. Lead

714
00:41:48,160 --> 00:41:51,880
Speaker 1: is um Lead is definitely invariably in the ground and

715
00:41:51,960 --> 00:41:55,440
Speaker 1: the groundwater and then the soil um around us. And

716
00:41:55,560 --> 00:41:58,719
Speaker 1: that's a problem because it's sort of works this way

717
00:41:58,800 --> 00:42:01,480
Speaker 1: up the food chain and a weird way because what

718
00:42:01,560 --> 00:42:05,520
Speaker 1: you have are these tiny organisms um it gets in

719
00:42:05,560 --> 00:42:09,719
Speaker 1: their body, like plankton and microscopic plants, and they die

720
00:42:10,440 --> 00:42:14,520
Speaker 1: and then other things eat that their waste, and then

721
00:42:14,560 --> 00:42:17,000
Speaker 1: it just sort of like bigger animals come along and

722
00:42:17,040 --> 00:42:19,200
Speaker 1: keep eating these things. Yeah, it's not just humans that

723
00:42:19,719 --> 00:42:24,880
Speaker 1: suffer from lead toxicity. Other animals too, even the small ones.

724
00:42:25,680 --> 00:42:28,080
Speaker 1: So should we talk about these Flint lawsuits a little? Yeah,

725
00:42:28,160 --> 00:42:33,640
Speaker 1: and then antilotis and that hopefully toxic. I guess it

726
00:42:33,640 --> 00:42:36,680
Speaker 1: depends on who manufactured. So I did some reading on

727
00:42:36,719 --> 00:42:39,480
Speaker 1: the lawsuits. Right now, there's more than a dozen and

728
00:42:39,560 --> 00:42:42,920
Speaker 1: probably growing. A few of them are class action suits

729
00:42:42,920 --> 00:42:46,520
Speaker 1: on behalf of tens of thousands of Flint residents. And

730
00:42:46,560 --> 00:42:48,600
Speaker 1: you know, attorneys always look their chops when they hear

731
00:42:48,680 --> 00:42:52,560
Speaker 1: stuff like this. UM. But there's some concerns. One is

732
00:42:52,600 --> 00:42:55,800
Speaker 1: that the state of Michigan is, like the city is broke,

733
00:42:56,040 --> 00:42:59,480
Speaker 1: so don't even bother the state of Michigan. Maybe an

734
00:43:00,000 --> 00:43:01,279
Speaker 1: out to go if you want to get a lot

735
00:43:01,280 --> 00:43:03,359
Speaker 1: of money, but then they say that will just get

736
00:43:03,400 --> 00:43:07,640
Speaker 1: packs pass along to the taxpayer. UM. And a lot

737
00:43:07,719 --> 00:43:11,319
Speaker 1: of experts in the legal world say that compensation is

738
00:43:11,400 --> 00:43:15,360
Speaker 1: unlikely to begin with as far as money goes, because

739
00:43:15,400 --> 00:43:18,520
Speaker 1: of something a couple of things. One thing called sovereign immunity,

740
00:43:18,719 --> 00:43:21,120
Speaker 1: which basically means the government can say, you know, giving

741
00:43:21,160 --> 00:43:23,920
Speaker 1: water to the citizens is a core government function, so

742
00:43:24,000 --> 00:43:29,560
Speaker 1: we're shielded legally from liability for doing that, uh improperly,

743
00:43:29,920 --> 00:43:31,600
Speaker 1: So like you can't sue us we're trying to give

744
00:43:31,640 --> 00:43:34,680
Speaker 1: you water. And the other thing is specific causation has

745
00:43:34,719 --> 00:43:37,040
Speaker 1: to be proved. So not only do you have to

746
00:43:37,080 --> 00:43:40,600
Speaker 1: prove that the lead came from that water and not

747
00:43:40,680 --> 00:43:43,200
Speaker 1: like the lead pipes in your house or other like

748
00:43:43,239 --> 00:43:46,359
Speaker 1: the lead paint in your walls maybe has to come

749
00:43:46,360 --> 00:43:50,000
Speaker 1: specifically from that Flint River water. Uh, And you also

750
00:43:50,040 --> 00:43:53,040
Speaker 1: have to prove that that directly lead to the problem

751
00:43:53,080 --> 00:43:56,359
Speaker 1: that your kid is having, and not you know other things. Well,

752
00:43:56,400 --> 00:43:59,759
Speaker 1: one of the things I read was that it's very

753
00:43:59,800 --> 00:44:03,120
Speaker 1: possible that the lead came from the pipes in those

754
00:44:03,160 --> 00:44:06,880
Speaker 1: people's houses, but that it's still on the provider of

755
00:44:06,920 --> 00:44:11,040
Speaker 1: the water because they were supposed to be following corrosion

756
00:44:11,080 --> 00:44:15,719
Speaker 1: protection techniques that they lied about following. They weren't following them,

757
00:44:15,880 --> 00:44:18,239
Speaker 1: so it got rid of that protective coating that had

758
00:44:18,239 --> 00:44:20,960
Speaker 1: been on the lead pipes before and was bringing all

759
00:44:21,000 --> 00:44:23,680
Speaker 1: that lead into people's homes directly. So it may have

760
00:44:23,719 --> 00:44:25,960
Speaker 1: been lead from the people's homes, but it was the

761
00:44:26,000 --> 00:44:29,040
Speaker 1: corrosive nature of the terrible drinking water that was being

762
00:44:29,080 --> 00:44:31,840
Speaker 1: pumped through those that caused that lead to be brought

763
00:44:31,880 --> 00:44:34,440
Speaker 1: into the people's homes. And then again on top of it.

764
00:44:34,719 --> 00:44:38,359
Speaker 1: The government was lying about using the techniques that they

765
00:44:38,400 --> 00:44:40,600
Speaker 1: were supposed to be using to prevent that from happening.

766
00:44:41,040 --> 00:44:44,680
Speaker 1: So that now that they've switched back over to Detroit water,

767
00:44:45,120 --> 00:44:47,439
Speaker 1: it's going to take a while for that protective film

768
00:44:47,480 --> 00:44:50,080
Speaker 1: to develop on the pipes again. So even now that

769
00:44:50,200 --> 00:44:53,680
Speaker 1: the different waters coming through, it's still lousy with lead.

770
00:44:53,960 --> 00:44:55,720
Speaker 1: And the sad thing is that some people in Flint

771
00:44:55,960 --> 00:44:59,520
Speaker 1: are too um poor to do anything about it, and

772
00:44:59,600 --> 00:45:02,400
Speaker 1: they's still need water, so they're still drinking leaded water

773
00:45:02,480 --> 00:45:04,799
Speaker 1: even though they know that it's going to hurt them

774
00:45:04,800 --> 00:45:07,200
Speaker 1: down the line. Well, and it's sad that it sounds

775
00:45:07,280 --> 00:45:12,880
Speaker 1: like getting real compensation is maybe unlikely. Yeah, because a

776
00:45:12,960 --> 00:45:15,799
Speaker 1: lot of these people who have kids, like if their

777
00:45:15,880 --> 00:45:21,120
Speaker 1: kids suffer severe cognitive development problems, they're gonna need help

778
00:45:21,200 --> 00:45:25,360
Speaker 1: like the rest of their lives. Yeah. This one guy, uh,

779
00:45:25,640 --> 00:45:29,239
Speaker 1: he's a law professor specializing in environmental law named Noah Hall.

780
00:45:29,320 --> 00:45:31,799
Speaker 1: He says, what the probably the smart thing to do

781
00:45:31,840 --> 00:45:33,359
Speaker 1: if you really want to help these people is set

782
00:45:33,440 --> 00:45:36,600
Speaker 1: up do what they did with the Deepwater Horizon spill

783
00:45:36,960 --> 00:45:40,480
Speaker 1: and set up a victim's compensation fund um instead of

784
00:45:40,520 --> 00:45:47,320
Speaker 1: doing it via lawsuit like legislator legislated, Um, maybe that

785
00:45:47,320 --> 00:45:49,560
Speaker 1: would help. I don't know. Yeah, I don't know that.

786
00:45:49,760 --> 00:45:51,799
Speaker 1: He basically said what the states shouldn't do his fight this,

787
00:45:52,239 --> 00:45:55,040
Speaker 1: He's like, that would be big trouble. Uh. He said

788
00:45:55,040 --> 00:45:57,319
Speaker 1: they should set up some sort of fund so then

789
00:45:57,360 --> 00:45:59,319
Speaker 1: they look like the good guys still. But then I

790
00:45:59,360 --> 00:46:01,400
Speaker 1: think you don't get all the dirty details dragged out

791
00:46:01,400 --> 00:46:03,960
Speaker 1: in public like you would with a lass. Well, apparently

792
00:46:03,960 --> 00:46:06,759
Speaker 1: they're already coming out anyway, like tropes of emails have

793
00:46:06,840 --> 00:46:10,920
Speaker 1: been released. Um. The the governor set up a task

794
00:46:10,960 --> 00:46:12,799
Speaker 1: force to find out who is to blame. And they

795
00:46:12,840 --> 00:46:16,399
Speaker 1: turned around and they were like you um, and he said,

796
00:46:16,440 --> 00:46:20,319
Speaker 1: fired the task for right exactly, You're all fired. Um. Yeah,

797
00:46:20,360 --> 00:46:22,160
Speaker 1: I don't know what's gonna happen, but it's it's very

798
00:46:22,160 --> 00:46:25,760
Speaker 1: scary public health scare Flint, Uh, I know, talk about

799
00:46:25,760 --> 00:46:29,600
Speaker 1: a city it's been roughed up over the years. I know. Well,

800
00:46:29,600 --> 00:46:32,759
Speaker 1: we're there with you, Flint, hanging there. If you want

801
00:46:32,760 --> 00:46:37,200
Speaker 1: to learn more about lead or Flint or criminal activity,

802
00:46:37,680 --> 00:46:40,880
Speaker 1: you can check out all these different articles on the

803
00:46:40,920 --> 00:46:43,120
Speaker 1: Internet and you can type lead into the search bar

804
00:46:43,200 --> 00:46:44,759
Speaker 1: house to works dot com and it'll bring up a

805
00:46:44,760 --> 00:46:47,920
Speaker 1: pretty great article. Since I said pretty great articles, time

806
00:46:47,960 --> 00:46:54,120
Speaker 1: for a listener, I'm gonna call this Finland rules. Remember

807
00:46:54,120 --> 00:46:56,200
Speaker 1: we did the Dark Money podcast and I was like,

808
00:46:56,880 --> 00:46:59,560
Speaker 1: what's a good place. It's not corrupt. I remember we

809
00:46:59,680 --> 00:47:02,960
Speaker 1: heard from a lot of people. Um in Scandinavia. Hi,

810
00:47:03,000 --> 00:47:04,920
Speaker 1: I'm an American living in Helsinki for the last few

811
00:47:05,000 --> 00:47:07,880
Speaker 1: years with my finished husband. Um, Chuck, you were right

812
00:47:07,920 --> 00:47:09,920
Speaker 1: on the money when he said there's very little political

813
00:47:09,920 --> 00:47:13,120
Speaker 1: corruption here. Of course there are some, but because there

814
00:47:13,120 --> 00:47:14,960
Speaker 1: are humans after all, But the level compared to the

815
00:47:15,000 --> 00:47:17,520
Speaker 1: States is laughable. When I asked my husband about it,

816
00:47:17,560 --> 00:47:20,200
Speaker 1: he thought for a second and asked about corruption scandals.

817
00:47:20,200 --> 00:47:22,719
Speaker 1: He said, a few years back, Uh, there was something

818
00:47:22,760 --> 00:47:25,520
Speaker 1: about a prime minister who accepted lumber from a company

819
00:47:25,560 --> 00:47:28,960
Speaker 1: to build his house. That was it. It seems comical

820
00:47:29,000 --> 00:47:31,800
Speaker 1: to me considering the States in an election year. Also,

821
00:47:31,840 --> 00:47:33,680
Speaker 1: the campaign season is much shorter here, and it's done

822
00:47:33,680 --> 00:47:37,000
Speaker 1: a little different. Party runs there at least five major parties.

823
00:47:37,480 --> 00:47:41,240
Speaker 1: That's crazy in and of itself, like crazy, good party

824
00:47:41,320 --> 00:47:43,960
Speaker 1: runs and whichever gets a majority elects from its ranks

825
00:47:44,320 --> 00:47:46,480
Speaker 1: the prime minister and makes a cabinet out of a

826
00:47:46,520 --> 00:47:50,400
Speaker 1: coalition of the other parties which received high numbers of votes.

827
00:47:50,920 --> 00:47:53,960
Speaker 1: How about that, Like you came in second, you're on

828
00:47:54,000 --> 00:47:59,600
Speaker 1: board too, Come on and here's your participant. Ribbon campaigns

829
00:47:59,600 --> 00:48:03,040
Speaker 1: are paid for by disclosed donations and public funds. Uh.

830
00:48:03,120 --> 00:48:05,000
Speaker 1: You also made a comment about the high taxes here.

831
00:48:05,640 --> 00:48:09,560
Speaker 1: Many people, usually Americans, say that with this taste, that

832
00:48:09,640 --> 00:48:11,319
Speaker 1: the taxes are so high here. But I've come to

833
00:48:11,320 --> 00:48:13,959
Speaker 1: think very highly of it. I've discovered that I don't

834
00:48:13,960 --> 00:48:16,120
Speaker 1: really need another pair of jeans or a new jacket,

835
00:48:16,360 --> 00:48:19,160
Speaker 1: but I need there's an educated society around me, in

836
00:48:19,200 --> 00:48:22,200
Speaker 1: access to quality healthcare, and a truly equal society where

837
00:48:22,200 --> 00:48:26,320
Speaker 1: everyone is safe and has her basic needs met. Uh.

838
00:48:26,320 --> 00:48:30,239
Speaker 1: That it's from Gabrielle. Wow, a lot of people hate

839
00:48:30,239 --> 00:48:33,360
Speaker 1: your guts for saying that. Gabrielle, that was so brave

840
00:48:33,440 --> 00:48:38,759
Speaker 1: of you. Thanks Gabrielle for writing in. Um, I don't

841
00:48:38,760 --> 00:48:42,400
Speaker 1: know how they say audios in Finland. No, she's American.

842
00:48:42,840 --> 00:48:46,360
Speaker 1: Well goodbye, Okay, thank you for writing in. If you

843
00:48:46,400 --> 00:48:48,280
Speaker 1: want to get in touch with us, you can tweak

844
00:48:48,360 --> 00:48:50,319
Speaker 1: to us at s Y s K podcast. You can

845
00:48:50,400 --> 00:48:52,480
Speaker 1: join us on Facebook dot com slash stuff you should

846
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