WEBVTT - Jiggly: Shapewear Then and Now – Lab 080 0:00:00.640 --> 0:00:04.280 Listen. We are in the heyday of the bodysuit, of 0:00:04.559 --> 0:00:08.720 the velcro wrap around the waist, and I feel like 0:00:08.720 --> 0:00:09.680 it's snuck up on us. 0:00:10.160 --> 0:00:14.640 Yes, it feels like everything and everyone wants to be 0:00:14.880 --> 0:00:16.919 shaped inside of their clothes. 0:00:17.320 --> 0:00:21.680 You know who is my favorite person that talks about shapewear? Who? Well, 0:00:21.680 --> 0:00:23.960 they make my favorite shapewear ads and they're like, I'm 0:00:23.960 --> 0:00:28.520 trying to be shaped like a Coca Cola bottle. Alonzo Arnold. Ah. 0:00:29.360 --> 0:00:32.920 I love Alonzo Arnold. They are giving you looks and 0:00:32.960 --> 0:00:35.360 they are giving you comedy, so I love it. But 0:00:35.880 --> 0:00:38.800 just like you said, Alonzo Arnold is going to put 0:00:38.840 --> 0:00:41.159 on that shapewear hon knee. 0:00:41.960 --> 0:00:44.440 And Alonzo isn't the only one. A lot of people are. 0:00:44.880 --> 0:00:47.520 And it really makes us think like has this always 0:00:47.600 --> 0:00:50.960 been going on, just in different forms, and now it's acceptable. 0:00:51.000 --> 0:00:53.159 I feel like we're one step away from the sports 0:00:53.280 --> 0:00:57.120 rap outside the shirt. This really started with the slippery 0:00:57.160 --> 0:00:59.760 slope with the compression sock. It all goes back to. 0:00:59.680 --> 0:01:06.840 That I'm t T and I'm Zachiah and from Spotify. 0:01:07.080 --> 0:01:32.040 This is Dope Labs. 0:01:33.959 --> 0:01:37.920 Welcome to Dope Labs, a weekly podcast that mixes hardcore science, 0:01:38.000 --> 0:01:41.319 pop culture, and a healthy dose of friendship. The semester 0:01:41.480 --> 0:01:43.840 is winding down and we want to have a really 0:01:43.959 --> 0:01:47.880 special semester finale featuring all of you. So make sure 0:01:47.920 --> 0:01:50.040 you give us a call and let us know your 0:01:50.200 --> 0:01:54.520 favorite episode from this semester. Yes, call us to zero 0:01:54.600 --> 0:01:57.960 two five six seven seven zero two eight, or if 0:01:58.000 --> 0:02:01.560 you're shy with your voice, email as at contact at 0:02:01.600 --> 0:02:05.440 Dope lapspodcast dot com. 0:02:06.440 --> 0:02:10.000 This week, we're talking all about shapewear specifically. We really 0:02:10.040 --> 0:02:12.880 wanted to know more about where it all started, what 0:02:13.000 --> 0:02:15.280 it's made of, and the social impacts on the people 0:02:15.320 --> 0:02:15.800 that wear it. 0:02:16.320 --> 0:02:28.440 Let's get into the recitation. What do we know? 0:02:29.080 --> 0:02:34.040 Well, we know that shapewear is everywhere. It feels like 0:02:34.080 --> 0:02:36.200 it's in everything. I just bought a pair of pants, 0:02:36.240 --> 0:02:40.960 just regular black pants, and there was like some shapewear 0:02:41.000 --> 0:02:43.600 at the top. It was really tight at the top 0:02:43.639 --> 0:02:45.839 and I wasn't even expecting it. So now it's being 0:02:45.840 --> 0:02:47.840 incorporated into just regular apparel. 0:02:48.280 --> 0:02:52.120 You know. I feel like when the Spanks Lady really 0:02:52.160 --> 0:02:55.320 made it big. Oh yeah, I knew every celebrity was 0:02:55.360 --> 0:02:58.519 going to have their shapewear aligned shapewear and like body 0:02:58.520 --> 0:03:03.120 sculpting all those. Yeah, but underwear and undergarments, it's a huge. 0:03:02.960 --> 0:03:06.920 Thing, absolutely, and we know that people use different types 0:03:06.960 --> 0:03:07.760 of different things. 0:03:08.240 --> 0:03:12.360 They have the compression stuff in the gut and they 0:03:12.480 --> 0:03:13.800 letting it loose in the butt. 0:03:13.960 --> 0:03:18.160 Okay, I have seen that. I've seen it for myself. 0:03:18.200 --> 0:03:19.440 I've seen it with my own eyes. 0:03:20.000 --> 0:03:22.760 And you know, a thing I know you know about 0:03:22.800 --> 0:03:25.480 me is that I hate shapewear. All my friends are like, girl, 0:03:25.480 --> 0:03:26.880 that dress will be so cute if you had on 0:03:26.960 --> 0:03:30.600 some spanks or you had on some friends, not all 0:03:30.639 --> 0:03:32.680 my friends, not you. You don't do that to me. 0:03:35.680 --> 0:03:39.640 I want your gut and butt loose. You let me 0:03:39.680 --> 0:03:40.760 be my real self. 0:03:43.560 --> 0:03:47.480 But it also feels like it's really taking off where 0:03:47.520 --> 0:03:51.160 celebrities are coming out with their own shapewear brands, and 0:03:52.160 --> 0:03:55.840 now it's like in every home this old has Yiddy, 0:03:56.480 --> 0:03:58.640 Kim Kardashian has skims. 0:04:00.080 --> 0:04:03.000 In Atlanta has their own brand of those like corsets 0:04:03.040 --> 0:04:06.120 and things and Tommy Buster things. 0:04:06.160 --> 0:04:08.120 So yeah, and then I see a bunch of them 0:04:08.160 --> 0:04:11.440 on Instagram, like Sweet Sweat, where it's like a waste 0:04:11.520 --> 0:04:14.440 thing like a waiste trainer. But I have a lot 0:04:14.480 --> 0:04:17.560 of questions like why is this so popular now? I 0:04:17.600 --> 0:04:20.719 know we're going back to the maiden type dresses and 0:04:20.880 --> 0:04:26.240 Victorian styles, Like are we getting course? Yes, are we 0:04:26.279 --> 0:04:28.440 getting back to that? I'm not ready. 0:04:28.440 --> 0:04:31.159 If we are, I'm not either. I'm not wearing a 0:04:31.160 --> 0:04:31.800 hoop skirt. 0:04:32.400 --> 0:04:38.000 Hey, the doorways are not wide enough anymore. I think 0:04:38.040 --> 0:04:40.919 I want to know as a material scientist, like the 0:04:41.000 --> 0:04:46.360 technology that's going into shapewear and these new age corsets, 0:04:46.360 --> 0:04:52.040 because they're not your great, great great grannies corsets. And 0:04:52.279 --> 0:04:57.160 I'm also curious about like the impact on society, particularly 0:04:57.600 --> 0:05:00.560 when we think about body image and what we normally lies. 0:05:01.600 --> 0:05:06.800 In addition to photoshop, these types of shapewear contraptions are 0:05:06.839 --> 0:05:10.359 really changing what the beauty standards are, like, oh this 0:05:10.480 --> 0:05:12.839 is normal or this is not when you go back. 0:05:13.200 --> 0:05:15.400 I was looking at some old photos and they were like, oh, 0:05:15.440 --> 0:05:18.000 this person was too thick, or they were too this 0:05:18.040 --> 0:05:19.360 person was plus size, or. 0:05:19.279 --> 0:05:22.040 They X, Y and Z. I'm like, in the nineties 0:05:22.920 --> 0:05:26.479 it was messed up, But now I'm like, have we 0:05:26.560 --> 0:05:30.880 gone the other way where we're like big booty, little leg, 0:05:31.440 --> 0:05:35.800 you know, or really flat stomach, unexpected smoothness in these 0:05:35.839 --> 0:05:39.240 different places. What does that do to our images of 0:05:39.320 --> 0:05:42.000 self for men and women when we take those things off. 0:05:42.160 --> 0:05:44.520 Is it just women wearing these shapewear? Because I think 0:05:44.920 --> 0:05:45.880 men are wearing them too. 0:05:46.520 --> 0:05:47.440 I've seen them. 0:05:48.000 --> 0:05:59.839 Let's jump into the dissection. Our guest for today's lab 0:05:59.920 --> 0:06:01.920 is doctor Wendy Burns Ardellino. 0:06:02.360 --> 0:06:04.200 I'm Wendy Burns Ardellino. 0:06:04.640 --> 0:06:08.240 I am the Dean of the College of Humanities Social 0:06:08.320 --> 0:06:11.680 Sciences at the University of Houston Downtown and I am 0:06:11.720 --> 0:06:13.960 a cultural studies practitioner and scholar. 0:06:14.520 --> 0:06:19.200 Doctor Burns Ardolino is the author of Jiggle Reshaping American Women, 0:06:19.360 --> 0:06:22.640 a book about American women in their relationship to traditional 0:06:22.720 --> 0:06:25.200 foundation garments and modern shapewear. 0:06:26.000 --> 0:06:27.760 Most of us have probably. 0:06:27.400 --> 0:06:30.200 Heard about SPANX, like we talked about already, but we 0:06:30.240 --> 0:06:34.200 wanted to learn more about what came before Spanx. How 0:06:34.240 --> 0:06:36.719 did the idea of shapewear come to be? 0:06:37.480 --> 0:06:39.680 Well, it begins with the corset. 0:06:39.760 --> 0:06:45.480 That all kind of began in the nineteenth century, and 0:06:45.680 --> 0:06:49.480 you would be hard pressed in Western society to find 0:06:49.560 --> 0:06:53.039 a woman who didn't wear a corset in that time frame. 0:06:53.640 --> 0:06:59.320 By the twentieth century, basically, corstree is on the ropes 0:06:59.360 --> 0:06:59.640 a bit. 0:07:00.200 --> 0:07:04.240 Corsets were traditional foundation garments, so garments that go under 0:07:04.279 --> 0:07:06.880 your clothes before you put your clothes on top. It 0:07:06.960 --> 0:07:10.040 was made to support a woman's torso, to hold the 0:07:10.080 --> 0:07:14.360 women's torso in and train it into a specific desired shape. 0:07:14.800 --> 0:07:19.360 They were handmade from rigid materials like wood, ivory, and whalebone. 0:07:19.720 --> 0:07:21.080 As the quote unquote. 0:07:20.760 --> 0:07:25.680 Ideal image and shape of women changed throughout time, soda corsets, 0:07:25.680 --> 0:07:28.960 so there were multiple styles of corsets throughout history. 0:07:29.360 --> 0:07:32.160 And my question is why, you know, why are women 0:07:32.240 --> 0:07:35.520 supposed to be wearing whalebones while men are walking around 0:07:35.600 --> 0:07:37.000 in free flowing pants. 0:07:37.520 --> 0:07:43.440 The arguments about the need to wear foundation garments and 0:07:43.520 --> 0:07:48.080 to wear shaping garments, and some of those include medical 0:07:48.120 --> 0:07:53.520 discourse that women's bodies will actually not hold their form. 0:07:53.800 --> 0:07:58.320 Women are not muscular enough, so they need the external 0:07:58.800 --> 0:08:03.880 garment to hold for them, otherwise their organs are going 0:08:03.920 --> 0:08:07.200 to just kind of drop out of their bodies or 0:08:07.200 --> 0:08:09.720 something like that. And I've done some work in sport 0:08:09.800 --> 0:08:12.560 discourse as well with regard to women who run. Some 0:08:12.640 --> 0:08:16.200 of the medical discourse was that their uteruses would fall 0:08:16.360 --> 0:08:18.840 out of their bodies so that there would be this 0:08:18.920 --> 0:08:22.880 collapsing of organs, this idea that if you were going 0:08:22.960 --> 0:08:26.040 to be bearing children that you needed to have a 0:08:26.080 --> 0:08:29.160 certain form for that, that you needed to care for 0:08:29.280 --> 0:08:32.000 your women parts and wearing shape. 0:08:32.000 --> 0:08:33.240 Where was a part of that. 0:08:33.800 --> 0:08:38.760 This is ridiculous. Yeah, absolutely ridiculous. Let me tell you. 0:08:38.760 --> 0:08:41.880 We've talked about science and how it can be racist, sexist, 0:08:42.000 --> 0:08:45.200 and homophobic, but you can see it specifically in this 0:08:45.360 --> 0:08:48.400 scientific talk quote unquote from back in the day, and 0:08:48.440 --> 0:08:51.480 they had it all wrong. Women weren't allowed to run 0:08:51.520 --> 0:08:55.520 in marathons for this reason. They first started allowing women 0:08:55.559 --> 0:08:58.600 to run in marathons in like the seventies because of 0:08:58.640 --> 0:08:59.480 this idea. 0:08:59.679 --> 0:09:03.080 Right, So the seventies probably for general marathons, but it 0:09:03.120 --> 0:09:06.320 wasn't until nineteen eighty four when women were allowed to 0:09:06.360 --> 0:09:10.400 participate in the Olympics in the marathons. There, that's not 0:09:10.520 --> 0:09:11.319 that long ago. 0:09:11.920 --> 0:09:16.240 What's interesting about corcatry itself is really it is a 0:09:16.280 --> 0:09:19.680 locus of social control for women's bodies, and it really 0:09:19.720 --> 0:09:26.559 does emerge out of the discourses of hygiene, moral purpeitude, 0:09:27.080 --> 0:09:34.280 bound up with religion. Definitely patriarchal values, idealized images of 0:09:34.320 --> 0:09:39.440 the cult of womanhood and women's role in society. 0:09:39.600 --> 0:09:43.040 This sounds eerily familiar to women's fashion today and how 0:09:43.160 --> 0:09:46.600 lots of trends and ideals are dictated by men in 0:09:46.640 --> 0:09:50.840 the male gaze, high heels, the coke bottle figure. It 0:09:50.880 --> 0:09:53.920 seems like not a lot has changed over the past 0:09:53.920 --> 0:09:57.760 couple centuries. Yes, I'm not wearing high heels. I don't 0:09:57.800 --> 0:09:58.720 like wearing high heels. 0:09:58.800 --> 0:10:02.320 Yeah, you see, I've been wearing my sneakers with my skirt. Okay, 0:10:02.840 --> 0:10:13.320 Like these nikes feel good. So doctor Burns Ardellino told 0:10:13.360 --> 0:10:16.400 us that corset use was at a high, but you know, 0:10:16.880 --> 0:10:19.280 the trends are always changing. Skinny zy and curvy's in 0:10:19.360 --> 0:10:22.080 big button, No, but big butt, but only with this shape. 0:10:22.200 --> 0:10:25.160 Like you know, you're doing all these things to emphasize 0:10:25.200 --> 0:10:30.000 and de emphasize your body according to these changing ideals. 0:10:30.760 --> 0:10:33.240 And one thing that was a major factor in the 0:10:33.280 --> 0:10:38.200 adoption of corset use was the advancement of technology for 0:10:38.240 --> 0:10:41.480 the mass production of garments in the nineteen thirties, and 0:10:41.559 --> 0:10:44.200 so this paved the way to the rise of modern. 0:10:43.880 --> 0:10:48.400 Shapewear when they become mass produced garments. In some ways, 0:10:48.400 --> 0:10:54.120 it democratizes shapewear because then more people can afford it. 0:10:54.200 --> 0:10:57.680 But I think the flip side of that is that 0:10:58.200 --> 0:11:03.600 the mass production of it enables it to be more controlled. 0:11:03.920 --> 0:11:07.080 There's more mass social control at the same time. 0:11:07.440 --> 0:11:09.679 Hmm. That's such a good point. So now it's not 0:11:09.760 --> 0:11:13.000 just ladies who lunch walking around with their stomachs crushed in, 0:11:13.080 --> 0:11:14.319 but now is everybody. 0:11:15.000 --> 0:11:18.200 And then at that point, more and more people are 0:11:18.400 --> 0:11:21.800 buying these products, right, and they might have multiple garments 0:11:21.880 --> 0:11:23.960 as opposed to like when you had a course, you know, 0:11:24.000 --> 0:11:26.160 maybe you would only have one or if you were 0:11:26.200 --> 0:11:27.120 wealthy too. 0:11:27.559 --> 0:11:29.439 At a time because they had to be handmade. 0:11:30.000 --> 0:11:33.720 Not only did mass production accelerate the growth of the 0:11:33.800 --> 0:11:38.240 shapewear industry, but new technology and innovation around fabrics and 0:11:38.360 --> 0:11:42.360 textiles also allowed the market to flourish, boom, and thrive. 0:11:42.960 --> 0:11:45.600 One of the first fabrics that was used is called 0:11:46.120 --> 0:11:51.040 last X, and with last X, the elastic was woven 0:11:51.200 --> 0:11:54.880 through the fabric to give it some stretch, right, So 0:11:54.960 --> 0:11:58.160 that's kind of like a precursor to spandex. 0:11:58.880 --> 0:12:02.720 So last text was vented in the thirties and Spandex, 0:12:03.120 --> 0:12:06.079 which we know for is elasticity, first hit the market 0:12:06.120 --> 0:12:08.360 in nineteen fifty eight. Although we see it in a 0:12:08.400 --> 0:12:11.040 lot of things now. It was first used in bras, 0:12:11.240 --> 0:12:13.120 jockstraps and athletic wear. 0:12:13.640 --> 0:12:16.720 Now it feels like all our clothes has plastics. Yeah, 0:12:16.840 --> 0:12:20.080 every item of clothing has some type of stretch, and 0:12:20.520 --> 0:12:22.880 sometimes you'll be able to see it if your clothes 0:12:22.880 --> 0:12:26.840 are falling apart, like minar, you can see the little 0:12:27.800 --> 0:12:32.320 elastic threading that's also ran through the fabric as well, 0:12:32.400 --> 0:12:34.560 just to give it some give, so that when you're 0:12:34.600 --> 0:12:36.760 pulling on those jeans that they have some stretch. 0:12:37.400 --> 0:12:39.840 I don't want no hard jeans. Keep the span dex 0:12:39.880 --> 0:12:40.319 in mind. 0:12:42.800 --> 0:12:44.680 I don't even know what it's like to put on 0:12:44.679 --> 0:12:47.160 a pair of jeans that don't have any stretch. Nah, 0:12:47.280 --> 0:12:49.079 that's why the cowboys were walking like that. 0:12:49.240 --> 0:12:52.840 Yes, the jeans were crisped, the cardboard pants. It's not 0:12:52.880 --> 0:12:55.079 the horses, y'all. It was the jeans the whole time. 0:12:55.800 --> 0:12:58.600 A good grief. 0:13:06.200 --> 0:13:10.640 Another factor that contributed to the rise of shapewear was advertising. 0:13:11.200 --> 0:13:15.760 Advertising is occurring in magazines that women have access to, 0:13:15.920 --> 0:13:23.040 but also trade journals, writing to fashion fires, get department stores. 0:13:23.520 --> 0:13:26.000 And then a third prong of this is. 0:13:25.960 --> 0:13:29.120 That literally a lot of these companies were marketing to 0:13:29.440 --> 0:13:33.960 the salespeople who were on the floor of the department stores. 0:13:34.320 --> 0:13:37.240 They would let them try out the garments, they would 0:13:37.360 --> 0:13:42.280 solicit their feedback, they would recommend how to sell the garments. 0:13:42.600 --> 0:13:45.240 So they'd be like, you need this garment because this 0:13:45.440 --> 0:13:48.440 is your problem with your body, right, That's kind of 0:13:48.440 --> 0:13:49.400 how they sold it. 0:13:49.880 --> 0:13:52.560 So fast forward to the rise of feminism and the 0:13:52.600 --> 0:13:56.240 women's movement in the sixties and seventies. Now there's where 0:13:56.280 --> 0:13:58.400 we see a decline in shapewear use. 0:13:58.800 --> 0:14:01.760 Feminism is on the right eyes and women really say 0:14:02.200 --> 0:14:05.840 we're not going to have our bodies be objects for men. 0:14:06.040 --> 0:14:08.319 We're going to enjoy our bodies for our bodies. 0:14:08.840 --> 0:14:12.640 And culturally that's such a profound moment. And I know 0:14:12.840 --> 0:14:15.839 the lore is that women burn the bras. They didn't 0:14:15.840 --> 0:14:18.000 really burn the bras, they just took them off. But 0:14:18.080 --> 0:14:21.440 I think the important part to understand about that was 0:14:21.480 --> 0:14:26.160 it was a moment of collective cultural consciousness when women 0:14:26.600 --> 0:14:29.680 really in the seventies were like, no, we're not gonna 0:14:29.680 --> 0:14:33.360 subscribe to this anymore. And that went on for probably 0:14:33.520 --> 0:14:37.760 twenty years, but it was quickly followed up with kind 0:14:37.760 --> 0:14:41.720 of an internal girdilization where women focus so much on 0:14:41.840 --> 0:14:43.160 what their bodies looked like. 0:14:43.760 --> 0:14:46.360 So that's a really important point. Even if women weren't 0:14:46.400 --> 0:14:50.800 wearing bras or shapewear, it doesn't mean that the social 0:14:50.880 --> 0:14:53.520 conditions that led us to wear shapewear in the first 0:14:53.520 --> 0:14:55.120 place no longer existed. 0:14:55.440 --> 0:14:57.160 The girdles are in our minds. 0:14:58.000 --> 0:15:01.200 So many people struggle with healthy really relationships to eating 0:15:01.440 --> 0:15:04.320 or exercising, and a lot of that is from social 0:15:04.320 --> 0:15:07.960 pressure to look a certain way. Shapewear and external garments 0:15:08.000 --> 0:15:11.440 are just one way of affecting or controlling how our 0:15:11.440 --> 0:15:12.240 bodies are seen. 0:15:12.880 --> 0:15:18.160 Women are still trying to constrain themselves into an idealized figure, 0:15:18.680 --> 0:15:22.680 and if you're not that figure, then what you do. 0:15:23.280 --> 0:15:26.840 And these idealized images of what women should look like, well, 0:15:26.920 --> 0:15:30.360 not only are they unrealistic and sexists, but they also 0:15:30.480 --> 0:15:34.040 intersect with fat phobia and the idea that a person's 0:15:34.080 --> 0:15:38.520 weight correlates directly to their health, and that's simply not true. 0:15:39.040 --> 0:15:41.680 In my book, I actually have like hang tags from 0:15:41.680 --> 0:15:44.920 the garments themselves that shows you that they're marketing it 0:15:45.000 --> 0:15:51.440 as slimming, shaping, trimming. Everything is about weight and controlling weight. 0:15:51.480 --> 0:15:53.040 When you look back at those. 0:15:52.840 --> 0:15:57.480 Women's journals like Red Book and Women's Day, they're actually 0:15:57.920 --> 0:16:02.160 recommending how to purchase just the right shapewear, how to 0:16:02.320 --> 0:16:05.800 wear the right shape, where how to do it correctly. 0:16:05.880 --> 0:16:09.360 So it's very prescriptive, filled with dos and don'ts. 0:16:09.840 --> 0:16:14.200 And again it's like taking the control away from women 0:16:14.600 --> 0:16:16.280 of their own bodies. 0:16:16.240 --> 0:16:19.320 From the garments, to the advertising, to the reason behind 0:16:19.440 --> 0:16:22.000 it all. In the first place, shapewear seems to point 0:16:22.000 --> 0:16:25.320 back to one thing, controlling women's bodies. 0:16:25.880 --> 0:16:29.600 And then there's this weird discourse that I follow throughout these. 0:16:29.480 --> 0:16:35.200 Journal even advertisements for these garments, that basically says, wear 0:16:35.280 --> 0:16:37.200 this garment and it will set you free. 0:16:37.840 --> 0:16:39.320 It does this weird. 0:16:39.600 --> 0:16:42.960 Dichotomy where it's saying that you need to be constrained 0:16:43.080 --> 0:16:45.320 in order to be set free, and. 0:16:45.320 --> 0:16:46.200 People buy that. 0:16:47.680 --> 0:16:48.840 The math is not math. 0:16:48.920 --> 0:16:53.800 And for me, women are told by their family members, 0:16:54.080 --> 0:16:58.680 by their community, by society, by their religious leaders, by 0:16:58.720 --> 0:17:01.280 the medical community, this is what you need to do 0:17:01.400 --> 0:17:04.280 in order to be a proper and good woman. Otherwise, 0:17:04.400 --> 0:17:06.879 like this idea of a loose woman. And hence the 0:17:06.880 --> 0:17:09.320 title of my book, right jiggle because we don't want 0:17:09.400 --> 0:17:12.479 jiggly bits, right, We want to have everything kind of 0:17:12.880 --> 0:17:15.440 like elaminated in smooth surface. 0:17:16.359 --> 0:17:20.560 I had no idea that the term loose woman was 0:17:20.600 --> 0:17:23.680 about their body composition. 0:17:24.080 --> 0:17:27.320 What I didn't either, I've always heard it related to 0:17:27.359 --> 0:17:28.400 something different. 0:17:28.480 --> 0:17:32.760 Exactly, Doctor Burns Ottolino said, the term loose women started 0:17:32.800 --> 0:17:36.080 with Okay, if you have like jiggly bits, as she's 0:17:36.119 --> 0:17:40.400 saying that, it correlates to you being like promiscuous because 0:17:40.600 --> 0:17:43.399 all of your you know, how you're being held together, 0:17:43.760 --> 0:17:46.160 and the patriarchy says, oh, if you're not all held 0:17:46.200 --> 0:17:50.600 together and tight like that, then you're probably a promiscuous woman. 0:17:50.720 --> 0:17:55.680 So jigly bits equals promiscuity. And then as time change, 0:17:55.680 --> 0:17:58.520 we changed it to loose women, like you know, loose. 0:17:59.680 --> 0:18:04.080 That's why, isn't it boy? The nineteenth century still has 0:18:04.119 --> 0:18:06.760 a grip on us. Okay, let's take a break, and 0:18:06.800 --> 0:18:09.080 when we come back, we'll talk about how celebrities are 0:18:09.160 --> 0:18:12.719 contributing to the shapewear conversation and how social media affects 0:18:12.720 --> 0:18:34.880 the way we see our bodies. We're back next week. 0:18:34.920 --> 0:18:38.800 We're talking all about eco tourism with Sarah Stadola, the 0:18:38.920 --> 0:18:42.120 impacts of travel on the environment and local communities. 0:18:42.400 --> 0:18:47.960 But right now let's get back to the lab. We've 0:18:47.960 --> 0:18:50.800 been talking with doctor Wendy Burns Ardelino all about the 0:18:50.880 --> 0:18:55.399 history of shapewear, from corsets to spandex. Shapewears rise and 0:18:55.440 --> 0:18:58.560 fall in the seventies with the women's movement and how 0:18:58.680 --> 0:19:01.520 well basically shape where it's had a comeback. 0:19:01.520 --> 0:19:06.320 And then in the nineties again technology allows us to 0:19:06.440 --> 0:19:11.760 have these really pretty colored garments and stretch lays, and 0:19:12.440 --> 0:19:16.960 spandex is huge part of that, and then the marketability 0:19:16.960 --> 0:19:17.680 back to women. 0:19:18.240 --> 0:19:21.160 It feels like shapewear has stuck around and is here 0:19:21.320 --> 0:19:25.440 to stay. Spanx was launched in two thousand and. 0:19:25.400 --> 0:19:28.760 I can remember when Spanx was launched, I was like, Oh, 0:19:29.119 --> 0:19:31.680 who really needs that? We don't really need that. But 0:19:32.000 --> 0:19:34.760 I can also remember, you know what else came out 0:19:34.800 --> 0:19:36.760 that I feel like people don't talk about enough. That 0:19:37.000 --> 0:19:41.920 was borderline shapewear but make it fashion American apparel. Do 0:19:42.080 --> 0:19:45.280 you have some pants from them like that shiny shapewere 0:19:45.880 --> 0:19:49.200 it's not shapewear, but it's like spandex is just to 0:19:49.480 --> 0:19:54.680 your body. Oh yes, yes, yes, I wore those pants out. 0:19:55.040 --> 0:19:57.680 It's not shapewear. It's not shapewear, it's a brand, no, 0:19:57.760 --> 0:19:59.760 But the smooth like. 0:20:00.200 --> 0:20:04.719 Silhouette, yeah, it was all like spandex like that was 0:20:04.760 --> 0:20:08.400 the thing for a while. Yeah. So it started off 0:20:08.480 --> 0:20:09.680 as underwear. 0:20:10.440 --> 0:20:14.280 Then we transitioned to the legging, you know, wearing things 0:20:14.320 --> 0:20:18.440 that we considered underwear now on the outside. And then 0:20:18.840 --> 0:20:22.720 now we had full blown bodysuits with the gloves all 0:20:22.760 --> 0:20:23.640 the way up to the neck. 0:20:24.160 --> 0:20:30.480 Mock turtleneck. That's not my kind of turtlenick. Do you 0:20:30.480 --> 0:20:33.160 remember when people were wearing those like, hmm, I'm gonna 0:20:33.160 --> 0:20:35.520 be aging myself. But like those long shirts that were 0:20:35.600 --> 0:20:37.680 kind of like tunics. Some of them were baby doll shaped, 0:20:37.720 --> 0:20:41.280 a big belt and just like tights. Yes, I am people, 0:20:41.359 --> 0:20:46.119 she was me. I never knew where the belt was 0:20:46.119 --> 0:20:47.560 supposed to go. I have a short tour, so I 0:20:47.640 --> 0:20:49.960 just felt like it was around my neck. I felt 0:20:50.000 --> 0:20:57.440 like I could not get it right, you know. And 0:20:57.480 --> 0:21:00.560 in addition to those brands, I think we've seen another 0:21:00.680 --> 0:21:05.360 wave of shapewear booming along with the athletic wear ath 0:21:05.480 --> 0:21:10.720 leisure with celebrity brands like Skims, Ivy, park Yitty, Lululemon. 0:21:11.119 --> 0:21:13.560 Lululemon has a hold on the girls, well the girls 0:21:13.560 --> 0:21:20.000 with money because it's expensive and I'm not getting Lululemon 0:21:20.040 --> 0:21:21.399 because it doesn't come in my size. 0:21:21.400 --> 0:21:24.320 Baby With Yity, the reason why it was so important 0:21:24.400 --> 0:21:28.160 and why people find their groundbreaking is because it prioritizes 0:21:28.640 --> 0:21:32.520 larger sizes, like it starts at six X, and that's 0:21:32.520 --> 0:21:33.160 not something. 0:21:32.920 --> 0:21:35.280 That you see for most apparel. 0:21:35.760 --> 0:21:38.480 For a lot of apparel, they might have larger sizes, 0:21:38.920 --> 0:21:42.240 but they'll only have a few and so those will 0:21:42.240 --> 0:21:44.239 be sold out really quickly, and so then there's an 0:21:44.359 --> 0:21:47.399 entire population of people who don't have access to some 0:21:47.440 --> 0:21:49.399 of the clothing that they would like to have access to. 0:21:49.960 --> 0:21:53.439 You know, there's a huge mass production of extra extra 0:21:53.480 --> 0:21:57.800 smalls and size zeros and things like that, but folks 0:21:57.840 --> 0:22:00.600 that are on the plus size and of the spectrum, 0:22:00.880 --> 0:22:03.560 they don't have that option even in store. 0:22:04.160 --> 0:22:06.320 You can't go into a store and find those sizes. 0:22:06.600 --> 0:22:09.480 What Lizo is doing, what Yity is doing as a brand, 0:22:09.920 --> 0:22:14.120 is keeping the focal point the focus is plus size women. 0:22:14.520 --> 0:22:17.359 And that's really important because what the manufacturers in these 0:22:17.359 --> 0:22:20.440 apparel companies are always saying is that there's no market 0:22:20.640 --> 0:22:23.960 for plus size, Like you can't make money prioritizing plus 0:22:24.000 --> 0:22:27.000 size women. And what she's saying is you're wrong, and 0:22:27.000 --> 0:22:29.480 I'm gonna show you. And she has like she's been 0:22:29.640 --> 0:22:32.760 selling out and so many people are wearing YITDDI now. 0:22:33.040 --> 0:22:35.119 I mean, and we see this in general, you know 0:22:35.119 --> 0:22:37.920 what I mean. If there's only a few being made, 0:22:37.960 --> 0:22:40.400 those few are selling out. You know, when you talk 0:22:40.400 --> 0:22:43.800 about scarcity for large sizes and we're talking extra large 0:22:44.320 --> 0:22:49.400 and two exl Okay, everybody deserves to have these options. 0:22:49.440 --> 0:22:52.119 I think this is something we've talked about in a 0:22:52.119 --> 0:22:55.600 couple of different places, but we're seeing it once again. 0:22:56.280 --> 0:23:00.440 I have recently come into contact with some younger women 0:23:00.520 --> 0:23:05.560 and preteen girls who are just mortified about their images 0:23:06.000 --> 0:23:08.920 in social media. And I do feel like, as someone 0:23:08.920 --> 0:23:12.119 who grew up in the eighties and nineties that I 0:23:12.320 --> 0:23:15.919 did not grow up with that pervasiveness of social media 0:23:16.080 --> 0:23:19.440 controlling my every image. But I think for women, it's 0:23:19.480 --> 0:23:22.800 always like any image of yourself that's out there in 0:23:22.840 --> 0:23:25.359 your body, really it puts you at risk. 0:23:25.560 --> 0:23:27.480 And so it's concerning. 0:23:27.920 --> 0:23:31.040 I mean really when you think about it, like if 0:23:31.480 --> 0:23:36.160 women's bodies are often under critique or being critiqued, the 0:23:36.160 --> 0:23:40.440 more opportunity to see those bodies, the more opportunity there 0:23:40.480 --> 0:23:42.200 is to critique them, and so it is some type 0:23:42.240 --> 0:23:45.000 of risk. I can remember coming across some features of 0:23:45.000 --> 0:23:47.400 me in the eighth grade. I didn't know anything about posing, 0:23:47.720 --> 0:23:51.560 none of that stuff. I was just like a teenage dirtbag, 0:23:51.720 --> 0:23:53.560 Okay is what I was looking like. 0:23:53.720 --> 0:23:57.040 Yeah, And now eighth graders these days, they know their angles, 0:23:57.359 --> 0:23:59.520 they know how to find the light, they know how 0:23:59.520 --> 0:24:02.879 to smile. They're wearing a full face of makeup. Yes, 0:24:03.320 --> 0:24:07.520 I mean, things are just very different now. And social 0:24:07.560 --> 0:24:11.240 media definitely has that effect because what social media does 0:24:11.359 --> 0:24:13.680 is put you in a place where you're constantly comparing 0:24:13.720 --> 0:24:16.560