1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:02,920 Speaker 1: Hi. This is due to the virus. I'm recording from home, 2 00:00:03,320 --> 00:00:09,560 Speaker 1: so you may notice a difference in audio quality. On 3 00:00:09,640 --> 00:00:12,680 Speaker 1: this episode of News World, I want to talk about 4 00:00:12,920 --> 00:00:17,919 Speaker 1: the seventeen seventy six opportunity and the idea that in 5 00:00:18,000 --> 00:00:22,760 Speaker 1: twenty twenty six, on the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary, 6 00:00:23,079 --> 00:00:26,800 Speaker 1: we really ought to spend the year celebrating the extraordinary 7 00:00:26,840 --> 00:00:32,600 Speaker 1: breakthroughs that made America an exceptional country, and that is 8 00:00:32,640 --> 00:00:35,760 Speaker 1: still at the heart of our freedom, our sense of liberty, 9 00:00:36,280 --> 00:00:39,760 Speaker 1: and our identity as Americans. No matter where we come from, 10 00:00:39,880 --> 00:00:42,760 Speaker 1: you can come from anywhere on the planet and become 11 00:00:42,800 --> 00:00:46,960 Speaker 1: an American. It's a remarkable system, and in many ways 12 00:00:47,520 --> 00:00:51,480 Speaker 1: it's worth really studying what happened. How did our ancestors 13 00:00:51,520 --> 00:00:57,480 Speaker 1: somehow put together this amazing, continuously evolving but continuously free system. 14 00:00:58,320 --> 00:01:00,160 Speaker 1: So I want to start first by talking about the 15 00:01:00,200 --> 00:01:03,640 Speaker 1: history of the decoration independence, of why it's so important, 16 00:01:04,200 --> 00:01:07,120 Speaker 1: and why I think that it's well worth while to 17 00:01:07,240 --> 00:01:10,320 Speaker 1: think of us spending an entire year driving at home, 18 00:01:10,440 --> 00:01:32,440 Speaker 1: celebrating it, exploring it. In twenty twenty six, gradually the 19 00:01:32,440 --> 00:01:37,800 Speaker 1: British colonists found themselves going through a conversation it really 20 00:01:37,840 --> 00:01:42,600 Speaker 1: began probably in the seventeen sixties. They had been very 21 00:01:42,680 --> 00:01:44,720 Speaker 1: loyal and they had frankly been in the shadow of 22 00:01:44,760 --> 00:01:48,040 Speaker 1: Great Britain because as long as the French owned Canada, 23 00:01:48,400 --> 00:01:51,559 Speaker 1: they had a great power right next to them, which, 24 00:01:51,600 --> 00:01:56,279 Speaker 1: in alliance with various Native American tribes, was a mortal threat. 25 00:01:56,880 --> 00:02:00,320 Speaker 1: Up until the Seven Years War, which we called French 26 00:02:00,320 --> 00:02:03,760 Speaker 1: and Indian War, they really were very, very supportive of 27 00:02:03,800 --> 00:02:07,360 Speaker 1: Britain because they needed the British Navy, and they needed 28 00:02:07,360 --> 00:02:10,480 Speaker 1: the British Army, and they needed financial support at times 29 00:02:10,480 --> 00:02:13,800 Speaker 1: of war. All of a sudden in seventeen sixty three, 30 00:02:14,440 --> 00:02:17,520 Speaker 1: the French are gone, They've lost the war, they've given 31 00:02:17,600 --> 00:02:21,639 Speaker 1: up candidate, and now the Americans don't have a major 32 00:02:21,720 --> 00:02:24,320 Speaker 1: threat to force them into the arms of Great Britain, 33 00:02:24,800 --> 00:02:30,080 Speaker 1: and so now finding themselves relatively safe and not needing 34 00:02:30,120 --> 00:02:33,919 Speaker 1: a defender, they begin to pay more attention to how 35 00:02:33,960 --> 00:02:36,960 Speaker 1: the British government and they begin to decide, you know, 36 00:02:37,480 --> 00:02:40,760 Speaker 1: I'm not sure I'm very happy with this. London has 37 00:02:40,760 --> 00:02:43,760 Speaker 1: all the power. I have a voice in my local 38 00:02:44,160 --> 00:02:47,400 Speaker 1: colony where I vote and I elect somebody. For example, 39 00:02:47,440 --> 00:02:49,760 Speaker 1: in Virginia, they elected people to go to the House 40 00:02:49,760 --> 00:02:54,079 Speaker 1: of Burgesses, but all the real powers in London and 41 00:02:54,160 --> 00:02:56,119 Speaker 1: I don't have much ability to do much about it. 42 00:02:56,800 --> 00:02:59,880 Speaker 1: And so you see in the seventeen sixties and early 43 00:03:00,080 --> 00:03:05,480 Speaker 1: seventeen seventies a gradual psychological migration, by which at least 44 00:03:05,480 --> 00:03:09,040 Speaker 1: a third of the American columnists decided, we really need 45 00:03:09,040 --> 00:03:13,400 Speaker 1: to break our ties with England because they're not listening 46 00:03:13,400 --> 00:03:16,800 Speaker 1: to us, they're exploiting us, they're trying to raise our 47 00:03:16,919 --> 00:03:21,680 Speaker 1: taxes and so forth. By May fifteenth of seventeen seventy six, 48 00:03:22,240 --> 00:03:24,600 Speaker 1: this had all developed enough, and every time the British 49 00:03:24,600 --> 00:03:28,400 Speaker 1: would react with force, the Americans would get mannered. Once 50 00:03:28,520 --> 00:03:32,160 Speaker 1: in seventeen seventy five you had the British send out 51 00:03:32,840 --> 00:03:37,160 Speaker 1: armed forces to Lexington and Conquered in Massachusetts to try 52 00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:40,040 Speaker 1: to seize the armory of the guns and the ammunition. 53 00:03:41,160 --> 00:03:44,160 Speaker 1: That was a disaster because there was a trained, an 54 00:03:44,200 --> 00:03:48,760 Speaker 1: independent militia, and they actually defeated the British forced them 55 00:03:48,760 --> 00:03:52,040 Speaker 1: back into Boston. Then they fought the Battle of Bunker Hill, 56 00:03:52,520 --> 00:03:55,720 Speaker 1: and by that point all of the other colonies began 57 00:03:55,760 --> 00:03:58,240 Speaker 1: to decide, Hey, there's going to be a fight between 58 00:03:58,280 --> 00:04:02,840 Speaker 1: Massachusetts and London. I'm on the side of Massachusetts. And 59 00:04:02,920 --> 00:04:08,400 Speaker 1: so that expressed itself in a Continental Congress, which met 60 00:04:08,440 --> 00:04:11,600 Speaker 1: first in seventeen seventy five, bringing the other people from 61 00:04:11,600 --> 00:04:15,280 Speaker 1: all thirteen colonies and really being to talk to us. 62 00:04:15,280 --> 00:04:18,080 Speaker 1: So what are we going to do? Well? By May 63 00:04:18,120 --> 00:04:23,360 Speaker 1: fifteenth of seventeen seventy six, the Virginia Convention instructed its 64 00:04:23,440 --> 00:04:28,560 Speaker 1: deputies to offer the following motion quote that these United 65 00:04:28,600 --> 00:04:31,919 Speaker 1: Colonies are and of right ought to be free and 66 00:04:32,080 --> 00:04:36,599 Speaker 1: independent states. For what a revolutionary moment this is. They're 67 00:04:36,600 --> 00:04:40,920 Speaker 1: sending their delegation, which will include people like Thomas Jefferson 68 00:04:41,240 --> 00:04:45,800 Speaker 1: and George Washington, and they're supposed to go to Philadelphia 69 00:04:45,880 --> 00:04:49,960 Speaker 1: to the Continental Congress. By June seventh, Richard Henry Leo 70 00:04:50,040 --> 00:04:54,040 Speaker 1: Virginia is reading the resolution to Congress at the Pennsylvania 71 00:04:54,080 --> 00:04:58,480 Speaker 1: State House, and you have being seconded by one of 72 00:04:58,480 --> 00:05:04,200 Speaker 1: the leading advocates in Massachusetts, John Adams, and the resolution, 73 00:05:04,320 --> 00:05:08,520 Speaker 1: Richard Henry Lee Red said, resolved that these United Colonies 74 00:05:08,560 --> 00:05:12,520 Speaker 1: are and of right ought to be free in independent states, 75 00:05:13,200 --> 00:05:16,040 Speaker 1: that they're absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, 76 00:05:16,520 --> 00:05:19,520 Speaker 1: and that all political connections between them and the State 77 00:05:19,560 --> 00:05:23,400 Speaker 1: of Great Britain is and ought to be totally dissolved. 78 00:05:24,320 --> 00:05:27,480 Speaker 1: Now the Congress is going to recess for three weeks, 79 00:05:28,000 --> 00:05:32,240 Speaker 1: and they postponed voting on it because New York in 80 00:05:32,279 --> 00:05:35,120 Speaker 1: particular wanted to go home and find out from their 81 00:05:35,160 --> 00:05:39,000 Speaker 1: assembly back home what do you think. But before they 82 00:05:39,080 --> 00:05:41,920 Speaker 1: left for three weeks, they appointed a committee of five 83 00:05:42,960 --> 00:05:48,039 Speaker 1: John Adams of Massachusetts, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, Thomas Jefferson 84 00:05:48,080 --> 00:05:52,080 Speaker 1: of Virginia, Roger Sherman of Connecticut, and Robert Livingston of 85 00:05:52,160 --> 00:05:56,479 Speaker 1: New York. This committee of five was appointed to compose 86 00:05:56,880 --> 00:06:01,479 Speaker 1: the Declaration of Independence. About seventeen days later, on June 87 00:06:01,520 --> 00:06:06,440 Speaker 1: twenty eight, Jefferson submits his rough draft the declaration. Over 88 00:06:06,480 --> 00:06:10,320 Speaker 1: the next two days, Congress debated and made extensive changes 89 00:06:10,640 --> 00:06:16,440 Speaker 1: despite Jefferson's objection. Jefferson he was unhappy that people wanted 90 00:06:16,440 --> 00:06:20,520 Speaker 1: to change his language. He was actually much tougher about 91 00:06:20,560 --> 00:06:23,760 Speaker 1: the slave trade, and the Southerners were not prepared to 92 00:06:23,800 --> 00:06:29,600 Speaker 1: go that far. Ben Franklin, who was the oldest person there, 93 00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:32,919 Speaker 1: and I think in many ways the wisest, tried to 94 00:06:32,960 --> 00:06:35,840 Speaker 1: reassure Jefferson by telling him a story about a merchant 95 00:06:35,839 --> 00:06:40,839 Speaker 1: whose storefront sign said John Thompson, hatter makeson seals hats 96 00:06:40,839 --> 00:06:44,719 Speaker 1: for ready money. After his friends offered criticism, the sign 97 00:06:44,760 --> 00:06:48,680 Speaker 1: instead read John Thompson above the picture of had and 98 00:06:48,760 --> 00:06:50,359 Speaker 1: he was trying to tell us, okay, for it to 99 00:06:50,360 --> 00:06:55,560 Speaker 1: be shorter. On July the First, John Adams from Massachusetts 100 00:06:55,839 --> 00:07:01,040 Speaker 1: addresses the Congress in a moving speech supporting the decoration Independence. 101 00:07:02,200 --> 00:07:04,480 Speaker 1: This is Adam, so in many ways I think is 102 00:07:04,600 --> 00:07:08,080 Speaker 1: undervalued as an extraordinary leader who did so much to 103 00:07:08,120 --> 00:07:13,520 Speaker 1: shape American quote. Whatever may be our fate, be assured 104 00:07:13,800 --> 00:07:18,040 Speaker 1: that this declaration shall stand. It may cost treasure, and 105 00:07:18,080 --> 00:07:21,720 Speaker 1: it may cost blood, but it will stand, and it 106 00:07:21,800 --> 00:07:25,320 Speaker 1: will richly compensate for both. Through the thick gloom of 107 00:07:25,320 --> 00:07:28,480 Speaker 1: the President, I see the brightness of the future as 108 00:07:28,480 --> 00:07:31,520 Speaker 1: the sun in heaven. We shall make this a glorious, 109 00:07:31,520 --> 00:07:34,880 Speaker 1: an immortal day. When we are in our graves, our 110 00:07:34,960 --> 00:07:38,200 Speaker 1: children will honor it. They will celebrate it with thanksgiving, 111 00:07:38,480 --> 00:07:43,560 Speaker 1: with festivity, with bonfires, with illuminations. On its annual return, 112 00:07:43,640 --> 00:07:47,480 Speaker 1: they will shed tears, copious and gushing tears, not of 113 00:07:47,600 --> 00:07:53,600 Speaker 1: subjection and slavery, but of exultation, of gratitude and of joy. Sir, 114 00:07:53,760 --> 00:07:57,600 Speaker 1: before God, I believe the hour has come. My judgment 115 00:07:57,600 --> 00:08:01,680 Speaker 1: approves this measure, and my whole artis in it all 116 00:08:01,680 --> 00:08:04,920 Speaker 1: that I have, and all that I am, and all 117 00:08:04,920 --> 00:08:07,480 Speaker 1: that I hope in this life. I am now ready 118 00:08:07,520 --> 00:08:09,960 Speaker 1: here to take upon it, and I leave off as 119 00:08:09,960 --> 00:08:13,520 Speaker 1: I be gon that live or die, survive or parish. 120 00:08:13,920 --> 00:08:17,680 Speaker 1: I am for the declaration. It is my living sentiment, 121 00:08:18,080 --> 00:08:20,640 Speaker 1: and by the blessing of God, it shall be my 122 00:08:20,800 --> 00:08:28,240 Speaker 1: dying sentiment. Independence now and independence forever. That gives you 123 00:08:28,320 --> 00:08:31,200 Speaker 1: some sense of the depth these people understood what they 124 00:08:31,240 --> 00:08:34,959 Speaker 1: were doing. They were taking on the most powerful empire 125 00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:37,640 Speaker 1: in the world. The British had just defeated the French. 126 00:08:38,040 --> 00:08:41,600 Speaker 1: They were unrivaled in their capacity to raise money. Their 127 00:08:41,679 --> 00:08:44,320 Speaker 1: navy was the most powerful on the planet. They could 128 00:08:44,360 --> 00:08:47,720 Speaker 1: hire plenty of mercenary soldiers from Germany. And here are 129 00:08:47,720 --> 00:08:50,280 Speaker 1: these guys sitting in Philadelphia. You know, I just got 130 00:08:50,280 --> 00:08:52,560 Speaker 1: to do it. I have no choice. So on the 131 00:08:52,600 --> 00:08:56,600 Speaker 1: second of July, the Lee resolutionary independence was adopted by 132 00:08:56,640 --> 00:08:59,840 Speaker 1: twelve or thirteen colonies, New York a get him stained. 133 00:09:00,440 --> 00:09:04,600 Speaker 1: Immediately after, the Congress began to consider the declaration of 134 00:09:04,600 --> 00:09:08,800 Speaker 1: the Pendance. On July third, Adams wrote to his wife Abigail, 135 00:09:08,840 --> 00:09:11,280 Speaker 1: whose I think one of the most interesting women of 136 00:09:11,320 --> 00:09:15,640 Speaker 1: the era, very intelligent, very well informed. Her letters to 137 00:09:15,880 --> 00:09:19,960 Speaker 1: John and his answers are remarkable. So John writes his 138 00:09:20,000 --> 00:09:24,800 Speaker 1: wife quote, the second day of July seventeen seventy six 139 00:09:25,360 --> 00:09:28,839 Speaker 1: will be the most memorable epoch in the history of America. 140 00:09:29,080 --> 00:09:31,160 Speaker 1: I am apt to believe it will be celebrated by 141 00:09:31,160 --> 00:09:35,680 Speaker 1: succeeding generations as the Great Anniversary Festival. It ought to 142 00:09:35,679 --> 00:09:38,680 Speaker 1: be commemorated as the day of Deliverance, by solemn acts 143 00:09:38,720 --> 00:09:41,839 Speaker 1: of devotion to God onlady. It ought to be solemnized 144 00:09:42,120 --> 00:09:47,079 Speaker 1: with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, 145 00:09:47,320 --> 00:09:50,640 Speaker 1: bonfires and illuminations. From one end of this comment to 146 00:09:50,679 --> 00:09:54,800 Speaker 1: the other, from this time forward forevermore, And on the 147 00:09:54,840 --> 00:09:58,240 Speaker 1: fourth of July, the Declaration of Pendance was officially adopted. 148 00:10:08,440 --> 00:10:11,280 Speaker 1: This is Gianno Caldwell. This week on Outlie with Giano Caldwell, 149 00:10:11,320 --> 00:10:13,880 Speaker 1: I talk to the youngest member of the incoming Congress, 150 00:10:14,120 --> 00:10:18,559 Speaker 1: and that as Congressman elect Madison Cawthorne Congressman Elect Canthorn, 151 00:10:18,600 --> 00:10:20,959 Speaker 1: and I discussed a tragedy that shaped his life. How 152 00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:23,960 Speaker 1: he expects to get along with his new colleagues, including AOC. 153 00:10:24,520 --> 00:10:27,200 Speaker 1: His starts on legalizing cannabis and what he expects the 154 00:10:27,240 --> 00:10:29,400 Speaker 1: future that GOP to look like. You don't want to 155 00:10:29,400 --> 00:10:32,679 Speaker 1: miss this episode of Outlined with Giano Caldwall. Listen to 156 00:10:32,679 --> 00:10:35,480 Speaker 1: Outline with Gianno Cauldwell every Monday on an iHeartRadio, app, 157 00:10:35,520 --> 00:10:50,079 Speaker 1: Apple podcast or wherever you did your podcast now. On 158 00:10:50,200 --> 00:10:54,040 Speaker 1: the fifth, although Congressman adopted the declaration, the Committee of 159 00:10:54,080 --> 00:10:57,959 Speaker 1: five Stats scoresn't complete. Congress now directed them to oversee 160 00:10:58,000 --> 00:11:00,680 Speaker 1: the printing of the document. Remember, these guys are sitting 161 00:11:00,679 --> 00:11:04,280 Speaker 1: in Philadelphia. They have an entire country plus. They have 162 00:11:04,360 --> 00:11:06,400 Speaker 1: written this doctor and in part to appeal to the 163 00:11:06,400 --> 00:11:08,760 Speaker 1: French and the Dutch in the Spanish, to try to 164 00:11:08,840 --> 00:11:12,240 Speaker 1: draw them into helping against Great Britain. The first printed 165 00:11:12,280 --> 00:11:14,960 Speaker 1: copies of the Declaration of Independence were turned out from 166 00:11:14,960 --> 00:11:18,320 Speaker 1: the shop of John Dunlap, official printer to the Congress. 167 00:11:18,840 --> 00:11:22,480 Speaker 1: Dunlop delivers two hundred copies of declaration, which are now 168 00:11:22,520 --> 00:11:26,719 Speaker 1: called Dunlap broadsides. One copy is officially entered into the 169 00:11:26,760 --> 00:11:30,520 Speaker 1: Congressional Journal and the other copies are distributed throughout the colonies. 170 00:11:31,440 --> 00:11:35,559 Speaker 1: On July sixth, the Pennsylvania Evening Post becomes the first 171 00:11:35,640 --> 00:11:39,360 Speaker 1: newspaper to reprint the whole declaration. The news of the 172 00:11:39,440 --> 00:11:43,319 Speaker 1: July second decision to declare independence has already been widely reported, 173 00:11:43,679 --> 00:11:47,400 Speaker 1: and various celebrations and discussions are already taken place throughout 174 00:11:47,400 --> 00:11:51,319 Speaker 1: the colonies. On that same day, July six, John Hancock 175 00:11:52,000 --> 00:11:55,079 Speaker 1: or a letter to George Washington with an enclosed copy 176 00:11:55,120 --> 00:11:57,960 Speaker 1: of the Declaration Independence to be read to his troops. Remembered. 177 00:11:57,960 --> 00:12:00,800 Speaker 1: By this stage, Washington is the command and generally left 178 00:12:01,120 --> 00:12:05,320 Speaker 1: the Continental Congress in seventy five, goes to Massachusetts so 179 00:12:05,360 --> 00:12:08,559 Speaker 1: they can have a Virginia General leading an essentially new 180 00:12:08,559 --> 00:12:12,520 Speaker 1: England army to begin to buying people together. It's a 181 00:12:12,480 --> 00:12:16,960 Speaker 1: remarkable moment in Washington understands morale matters that have Having 182 00:12:17,040 --> 00:12:19,880 Speaker 1: your troops understand what they're fighting for and why it 183 00:12:19,920 --> 00:12:25,240 Speaker 1: matters is really important. And the declaration is written in 184 00:12:25,320 --> 00:12:28,760 Speaker 1: part is propaganda. It's written to arouse, to excite, to 185 00:12:28,800 --> 00:12:31,960 Speaker 1: win the argument, to have people say yes, obviously, that's 186 00:12:31,960 --> 00:12:34,640 Speaker 1: what we should do. On the eighth of July, the 187 00:12:34,720 --> 00:12:38,440 Speaker 1: declarations read publicly to the people of Philadelphia, and around 188 00:12:38,440 --> 00:12:40,640 Speaker 1: this time Congress gets arounder sending a copy to a 189 00:12:40,679 --> 00:12:45,320 Speaker 1: Seminster in Europe to be distributed to all the European governments. Sadly, 190 00:12:45,360 --> 00:12:48,960 Speaker 1: the original letters lost and the declaration is informally delivered 191 00:12:49,000 --> 00:12:51,760 Speaker 1: degree in Britain and the rest of Europe until November, 192 00:12:52,200 --> 00:12:54,840 Speaker 1: when news the declarations had already reached Europe, but the 193 00:12:54,840 --> 00:13:00,079 Speaker 1: exact language had not. So finally, on ju ninth, New 194 00:13:00,160 --> 00:13:02,520 Speaker 1: York climbly got around to saying, okay, yes, we've been 195 00:13:02,520 --> 00:13:05,000 Speaker 1: told we should approve it, So they now had all 196 00:13:05,679 --> 00:13:10,000 Speaker 1: thirteen colonies approving, with New York's Home Assembly finally authorizing 197 00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:14,560 Speaker 1: them to vote yes. On July nineteenth, Congress orders the 198 00:13:14,600 --> 00:13:17,640 Speaker 1: declaration be a gross to a parchment with the title 199 00:13:18,040 --> 00:13:21,960 Speaker 1: the Unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen United States of America 200 00:13:22,240 --> 00:13:26,280 Speaker 1: and notice they've moved from the colonies to the United 201 00:13:26,360 --> 00:13:30,920 Speaker 1: States of America, and be signed by every member of Congress. Hancock, 202 00:13:31,240 --> 00:13:34,440 Speaker 1: who was the President of Congress, signs the gross copy, 203 00:13:34,800 --> 00:13:39,240 Speaker 1: followed by most of the other delegates. So now we 204 00:13:39,320 --> 00:13:43,160 Speaker 1: have the background. Why did it really matter so much? 205 00:13:44,080 --> 00:13:48,840 Speaker 1: Why do I think the July two, twenty six, on 206 00:13:48,880 --> 00:13:52,280 Speaker 1: the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary should be a central 207 00:13:52,320 --> 00:13:58,839 Speaker 1: moment in reigniting American patriotism and an American understanding of 208 00:13:59,040 --> 00:14:02,880 Speaker 1: what this country's all well, So I think that it's 209 00:14:03,080 --> 00:14:07,640 Speaker 1: very important to understand how the people who wrote this 210 00:14:08,600 --> 00:14:12,160 Speaker 1: understood that this was a central moment in history. It's 211 00:14:12,200 --> 00:14:16,000 Speaker 1: a central moment because they've written the Declation Independence, which 212 00:14:16,040 --> 00:14:20,080 Speaker 1: is a moral document. It says we are endowed by 213 00:14:20,160 --> 00:14:25,280 Speaker 1: our creator with certain unalienable rights, among which our life, 214 00:14:25,600 --> 00:14:29,000 Speaker 1: liberty in the pursuit of happiness. It outlines and makes 215 00:14:29,040 --> 00:14:33,080 Speaker 1: the case that when the king acts against the subjects, 216 00:14:33,320 --> 00:14:36,200 Speaker 1: the subjects have the right to change the king. This 217 00:14:36,400 --> 00:14:41,480 Speaker 1: is extraordinary revolutionary concepts of breaking down the entire structure 218 00:14:41,520 --> 00:14:44,600 Speaker 1: of power which had defined Europe for most of the 219 00:14:44,680 --> 00:14:47,600 Speaker 1: last several thousand years. And they knew that it was 220 00:14:47,600 --> 00:14:51,000 Speaker 1: that important. John Adams writes to his wife Abigail and 221 00:14:51,080 --> 00:14:54,280 Speaker 1: the third of July and says, you will think me 222 00:14:54,400 --> 00:14:57,840 Speaker 1: transported with enthusiasm, But I am not. I am well 223 00:14:57,880 --> 00:15:01,720 Speaker 1: aware of the toil and blood and treasure that it 224 00:15:01,760 --> 00:15:05,000 Speaker 1: will cost us to maintain this declaration and support and 225 00:15:05,120 --> 00:15:08,800 Speaker 1: defend these states. Yet through all the gloom, I can 226 00:15:08,880 --> 00:15:11,600 Speaker 1: see the ray of ravishing light and glory. I can 227 00:15:11,640 --> 00:15:15,200 Speaker 1: see that the end is more than worth all the means. 228 00:15:16,360 --> 00:15:20,600 Speaker 1: Almost a generation later, Jefferson and Adams among the last 229 00:15:20,760 --> 00:15:24,560 Speaker 1: survivors of that great Congress. In September of first, eighteen 230 00:15:24,560 --> 00:15:27,680 Speaker 1: twenty one, Jefferson writes, Adams, who, by the way, have 231 00:15:27,760 --> 00:15:31,520 Speaker 1: been real competitors, and in some ways real opponents of 232 00:15:31,560 --> 00:15:36,240 Speaker 1: each other. Jefferson writes, the flames kindled on the fourth 233 00:15:36,240 --> 00:15:40,400 Speaker 1: of July seventeen seventy six have spread over too much 234 00:15:40,400 --> 00:15:43,440 Speaker 1: of the globe to be extinguished by the feeble engines 235 00:15:43,480 --> 00:15:48,160 Speaker 1: of Despotus. On the contrary, they will consume these engines 236 00:15:48,560 --> 00:15:52,720 Speaker 1: and all who work. A few days before his death 237 00:15:53,080 --> 00:15:56,760 Speaker 1: in eighteen twenty six, Jefferson wrote a letter to Roger 238 00:15:56,800 --> 00:16:02,280 Speaker 1: Whitman on the fiftieth anniversary of declaring independence, and Jefferson writes, quote, 239 00:16:03,200 --> 00:16:05,400 Speaker 1: may it be to the world what I believe it 240 00:16:05,440 --> 00:16:09,240 Speaker 1: will be to some part sooner, to others later, but 241 00:16:09,480 --> 00:16:13,200 Speaker 1: finally to all, the signal of arousing men to burst 242 00:16:13,240 --> 00:16:18,320 Speaker 1: the chains under which monkish ignorance and superstition had persuaded them, 243 00:16:18,320 --> 00:16:22,000 Speaker 1: to bind themselves, and to assume the blessings and security 244 00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:27,000 Speaker 1: of self government. That form which we have substituted restores 245 00:16:27,040 --> 00:16:30,560 Speaker 1: the free right to the unbounded exercise of reason and 246 00:16:30,760 --> 00:16:34,760 Speaker 1: freedom of opinion. All eyes are opened or opening to 247 00:16:34,840 --> 00:16:41,240 Speaker 1: the rights of man. Jefferson's hope was captured by Frederick Douglas, 248 00:16:41,400 --> 00:16:45,040 Speaker 1: the great African American orator who is probably the leading 249 00:16:45,200 --> 00:16:49,240 Speaker 1: spokesperson in the black community of the nineteenth century, who 250 00:16:49,280 --> 00:16:52,800 Speaker 1: advocated the end of slavery, and who was widely received 251 00:16:52,800 --> 00:16:57,200 Speaker 1: both in the North and Europe as a visionary. Frederick Douglas, 252 00:16:57,400 --> 00:17:01,119 Speaker 1: in the Fourth of July speech in eighteen fifty two, says, quote, 253 00:17:01,680 --> 00:17:04,520 Speaker 1: the signers of the Declaration of Independence were brave men. 254 00:17:05,320 --> 00:17:08,680 Speaker 1: They were great men, too great enough to give frame 255 00:17:08,760 --> 00:17:11,720 Speaker 1: to a great age. Does not often happen to a 256 00:17:11,800 --> 00:17:14,840 Speaker 1: nation to raise at one time such a number of 257 00:17:14,840 --> 00:17:17,960 Speaker 1: truly great men. The point from which I'm compelled to 258 00:17:18,040 --> 00:17:21,440 Speaker 1: view them is not certainly the most favorable. And yet 259 00:17:21,720 --> 00:17:24,960 Speaker 1: I cannot contemplate their great deeds with less than admiration. 260 00:17:25,680 --> 00:17:29,080 Speaker 1: They were statesmen, patriots, and heroes. And for the good 261 00:17:29,119 --> 00:17:32,480 Speaker 1: they did and the principles they contended for, I will 262 00:17:32,640 --> 00:17:36,000 Speaker 1: unite with you to honor their memory. So he's saying this, 263 00:17:36,040 --> 00:17:38,360 Speaker 1: by the way, in the context of saying, look, slaveries 264 00:17:38,400 --> 00:17:41,679 Speaker 1: still exist. They failed to eliminate slavery. I can't be 265 00:17:41,720 --> 00:17:44,600 Speaker 1: one hundred percent in favor of them, but they've set 266 00:17:44,600 --> 00:17:47,679 Speaker 1: the stage for the argument to eliminate slavery, and I 267 00:17:47,760 --> 00:17:51,000 Speaker 1: have to respect how much courage they did show in 268 00:17:51,119 --> 00:17:54,000 Speaker 1: moving as far as they did. Abraham Lincoln, in a 269 00:17:54,080 --> 00:17:57,680 Speaker 1: letter to Henry Pierce written in April sixth, eighteen fifty nine, 270 00:17:58,160 --> 00:18:01,960 Speaker 1: called the Declation Independence quote a rebuke and a stumbling 271 00:18:01,960 --> 00:18:06,040 Speaker 1: block to the very harbinders of reappearing tyranny and oppression. 272 00:18:06,600 --> 00:18:09,879 Speaker 1: Remember this is a beginning taste of where Lincoln's going is. 273 00:18:09,920 --> 00:18:14,119 Speaker 1: Lincoln was very anti slavery, and Lincoln ultimately wraps the 274 00:18:14,320 --> 00:18:17,760 Speaker 1: entire explanation of America back to the Declation in Dependence. 275 00:18:18,200 --> 00:18:20,960 Speaker 1: For most of the period after seventeen eighty nine, it 276 00:18:21,200 --> 00:18:24,480 Speaker 1: was not the Declation Independence but the Constitution, which had 277 00:18:24,520 --> 00:18:28,000 Speaker 1: been sort of the central document. But with Lincoln showing up, 278 00:18:28,359 --> 00:18:31,879 Speaker 1: Lincoln decides that the explanation for why the North is 279 00:18:31,920 --> 00:18:35,240 Speaker 1: in favor of freedom has to be built around the 280 00:18:35,359 --> 00:18:38,600 Speaker 1: Declation Independence, and so he in a sense, brings it 281 00:18:38,640 --> 00:18:42,960 Speaker 1: back and makes it the centerpiece of explaining America. In 282 00:18:43,080 --> 00:18:46,359 Speaker 1: the I Have a Dream speech, Reverend Martin Luther King 283 00:18:46,400 --> 00:18:50,560 Speaker 1: Junior said, quote, when the architects of our Republic wrote 284 00:18:50,560 --> 00:18:54,520 Speaker 1: the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declation Independence, 285 00:18:55,119 --> 00:18:58,840 Speaker 1: they were signing a promissory note to which every American 286 00:18:58,880 --> 00:19:01,959 Speaker 1: was to fall there. This note was a promise that 287 00:19:02,119 --> 00:19:06,240 Speaker 1: all men would be guaranteed the inaliable rights of life, liberty, 288 00:19:06,600 --> 00:19:10,600 Speaker 1: and the pursuit of happiness. Otherwise, even the critics who 289 00:19:10,680 --> 00:19:14,320 Speaker 1: understood that it hadn't solved everything, that it wasn't perfect, 290 00:19:14,880 --> 00:19:17,880 Speaker 1: understood there was such a gigantic leap in the right direction, 291 00:19:18,320 --> 00:19:22,720 Speaker 1: and it was so clearly establishing the moral framework which 292 00:19:22,720 --> 00:19:25,600 Speaker 1: would allow us to have the other arguments to continue 293 00:19:25,640 --> 00:19:30,040 Speaker 1: to expand freedom, that they continually come back to what 294 00:19:30,280 --> 00:19:34,359 Speaker 1: remarkable people these were, and what a remarkable document the 295 00:19:34,359 --> 00:19:48,200 Speaker 1: decoration was. Hi, this is Rob Smith, and I'm problematic 296 00:19:48,480 --> 00:19:51,120 Speaker 1: as a black, gay Republican. I don't fit into any 297 00:19:51,160 --> 00:19:54,040 Speaker 1: neat boxes. And because of that, I'm problematic to the 298 00:19:54,040 --> 00:19:56,439 Speaker 1: political left, which wants me to stay quiet and do 299 00:19:56,480 --> 00:19:59,199 Speaker 1: what I'm told. But I'm not about that because no 300 00:19:59,280 --> 00:20:02,679 Speaker 1: one owns me, so let's can't divide us with identity politics. 301 00:20:02,920 --> 00:20:06,400 Speaker 1: But I'm also problematic it's the right because being problematic 302 00:20:06,680 --> 00:20:09,719 Speaker 1: is about thinking for yourself in being your own person, 303 00:20:10,040 --> 00:20:12,760 Speaker 1: can be problematic with me. Listen to Rob Smith is 304 00:20:12,800 --> 00:20:17,679 Speaker 1: Problematic every Tuesday on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts or 305 00:20:17,680 --> 00:20:30,560 Speaker 1: wherever you get your podcasts. When you start thinking about 306 00:20:30,560 --> 00:20:34,640 Speaker 1: the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary and twenty twenty six, 307 00:20:35,200 --> 00:20:38,399 Speaker 1: there are really, I think three big reasons to have 308 00:20:38,480 --> 00:20:41,879 Speaker 1: a two hundred and fiftieth anniversary celebration. First, this is 309 00:20:41,920 --> 00:20:47,120 Speaker 1: an opportunity to drive home the core principles of American exceptionalism. 310 00:20:47,200 --> 00:20:49,680 Speaker 1: The Declaration Independence is at the heart of the American 311 00:20:49,760 --> 00:20:54,320 Speaker 1: sense of individual authority and responsibility. Remember, the Declaration says 312 00:20:54,400 --> 00:20:59,959 Speaker 1: that you personally are endowed by your Creator with certain 313 00:21:00,040 --> 00:21:03,080 Speaker 1: on alienable rights, among which your life, liberty, and the 314 00:21:03,080 --> 00:21:08,720 Speaker 1: pursuit of happiness. So it creates a central framework in 315 00:21:08,720 --> 00:21:12,760 Speaker 1: which every American is exceptional and every American has their 316 00:21:12,840 --> 00:21:16,919 Speaker 1: rights come from God. Second, at the national level, this 317 00:21:17,040 --> 00:21:20,320 Speaker 1: celebration can become a significant enough of them that it 318 00:21:20,359 --> 00:21:23,800 Speaker 1: can be developed into an immersive experience for the American 319 00:21:23,840 --> 00:21:27,919 Speaker 1: people to reconnect with American history. This gives us an 320 00:21:27,920 --> 00:21:31,119 Speaker 1: opportunity by building it around the two hundred and fiftieth 321 00:21:31,119 --> 00:21:35,399 Speaker 1: anniversary to get every American to look at the extraordinary 322 00:21:35,800 --> 00:21:39,879 Speaker 1: importance of the declation Independence and the extraordinary importance of 323 00:21:39,920 --> 00:21:43,639 Speaker 1: the American commitment to freedom and to the rule of law. Third, 324 00:21:44,520 --> 00:21:48,680 Speaker 1: in addition to educating Americans and focusing Americans, the two 325 00:21:48,720 --> 00:21:52,280 Speaker 1: hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the Declation Independence is a 326 00:21:52,320 --> 00:21:57,480 Speaker 1: tremendous opportunity to communicate to the entire world the extraordinary 327 00:21:57,520 --> 00:22:01,040 Speaker 1: difference in moral authority and human freedom between the American 328 00:22:01,080 --> 00:22:05,000 Speaker 1: system and the Chinese communist totalitary and efforts to control 329 00:22:05,040 --> 00:22:09,320 Speaker 1: everyone and everything. There could be no greater contrast between 330 00:22:09,359 --> 00:22:14,000 Speaker 1: the tyranny of Fijian ping and the Chinese communist dictatorship, 331 00:22:14,640 --> 00:22:17,760 Speaker 1: and the grant of freedom, the assertion of your rights. 332 00:22:18,240 --> 00:22:21,639 Speaker 1: The government doesn't give you freedom, God does. The government 333 00:22:21,640 --> 00:22:23,920 Speaker 1: doesn't give you rights. God doesn't. Not, by the way, 334 00:22:24,240 --> 00:22:26,720 Speaker 1: is why we need to have a very big national 335 00:22:26,760 --> 00:22:31,920 Speaker 1: dialogue about redefining freedom. Given the mess that governors and 336 00:22:32,040 --> 00:22:35,920 Speaker 1: mayors and others have made of infringing on our constitutional 337 00:22:35,960 --> 00:22:39,800 Speaker 1: liberties using the excuse of COVID to oppose the most 338 00:22:39,800 --> 00:22:43,399 Speaker 1: petty and stupid rules, it's pretty useful for us to 339 00:22:43,440 --> 00:22:46,879 Speaker 1: take the deculation Independence and from it the Bill of 340 00:22:46,960 --> 00:22:51,200 Speaker 1: Rights and remind people this is a country built around 341 00:22:51,280 --> 00:22:55,560 Speaker 1: protecting citizens from government. It's not a country built in 342 00:22:55,600 --> 00:22:58,680 Speaker 1: which citizens are supposed to be subordinate to government. And 343 00:22:58,760 --> 00:23:02,080 Speaker 1: I think that this two hundred and fifty anniversary could 344 00:23:02,080 --> 00:23:06,399 Speaker 1: be a great opportunity to recenter the system now. I 345 00:23:06,480 --> 00:23:11,000 Speaker 1: also think, frankly, it's a great way to contrast the 346 00:23:11,040 --> 00:23:14,080 Speaker 1: real history of America with the project. The New York 347 00:23:14,080 --> 00:23:19,000 Speaker 1: Times launched what they call the sixteen nineteen Project. They're 348 00:23:19,040 --> 00:23:23,000 Speaker 1: pretty open about their admissions. They said, the sixteen nineteen 349 00:23:23,080 --> 00:23:29,040 Speaker 1: projects goal is quote to reframe American history by considering 350 00:23:29,080 --> 00:23:32,000 Speaker 1: what it would mean to regard sixteen nineteen as our 351 00:23:32,080 --> 00:23:35,919 Speaker 1: nation's birth year. Doing so requires us to place the 352 00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:40,400 Speaker 1: consequences of slavery and the contributions of Black Americans at 353 00:23:40,400 --> 00:23:43,400 Speaker 1: the very center of the story we tell ourselves about 354 00:23:43,440 --> 00:23:46,320 Speaker 1: who we are as a country now. I do think 355 00:23:46,920 --> 00:23:51,119 Speaker 1: that it's very important to understand the unique experiences of 356 00:23:51,160 --> 00:23:54,879 Speaker 1: the African American community. I think it's very important understand 357 00:23:55,400 --> 00:23:58,240 Speaker 1: the degree to which slavery was totally wrong and the 358 00:23:58,320 --> 00:24:03,480 Speaker 1: degreader which it created aence for African Americans totally different 359 00:24:03,920 --> 00:24:06,600 Speaker 1: from that for other Americans. But I think that that 360 00:24:06,720 --> 00:24:09,320 Speaker 1: is a piece of the American fabric. It's not the 361 00:24:09,359 --> 00:24:13,200 Speaker 1: American fabric. And I think that a sixteen nineteen project 362 00:24:13,560 --> 00:24:17,480 Speaker 1: which attempted to get us to integrate the experiences of 363 00:24:17,520 --> 00:24:21,440 Speaker 1: African Americans with the larger story of America would make 364 00:24:21,520 --> 00:24:25,359 Speaker 1: perfect sense. But a sixteen nineteen project which wants to 365 00:24:25,400 --> 00:24:29,280 Speaker 1: eliminate the largest story in favor of a very narrowly 366 00:24:29,359 --> 00:24:33,240 Speaker 1: defined story, I think is a huge mistake, in one 367 00:24:33,280 --> 00:24:36,480 Speaker 1: which the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the Declation 368 00:24:36,560 --> 00:24:41,200 Speaker 1: Dependence could truly help us explain. I'm not by myself 369 00:24:41,200 --> 00:24:44,560 Speaker 1: in this. Brett Stevens, who's a Pulitzer Prize winning journalist, 370 00:24:44,960 --> 00:24:49,320 Speaker 1: wrote about the sixteen nineteen project quote, as fresh concerns 371 00:24:49,359 --> 00:24:51,920 Speaker 1: make clear on these points, and for all its virtues, 372 00:24:51,960 --> 00:24:55,320 Speaker 1: buzz spin offs and a Pulitzer Prize, the sixteen nineteen 373 00:24:55,359 --> 00:24:59,000 Speaker 1: project has failed. That doesn't mean that the project seeks 374 00:24:59,000 --> 00:25:01,760 Speaker 1: to erase the declation opening some history, but it does 375 00:25:01,840 --> 00:25:04,800 Speaker 1: mean that it seeks to dethrone the Fourth of July 376 00:25:05,240 --> 00:25:08,640 Speaker 1: by treating American history as a story of blacks struggle 377 00:25:08,640 --> 00:25:11,639 Speaker 1: against white supremacy, on which the Declaration is for all 378 00:25:11,680 --> 00:25:14,160 Speaker 1: of its high flow americ supposed to be merely a part. 379 00:25:16,200 --> 00:25:20,240 Speaker 1: Holland Welso, a great Civil War historian, in a city 380 00:25:20,320 --> 00:25:23,520 Speaker 1: journal I say about the naw Times project, said, quote, 381 00:25:23,920 --> 00:25:28,520 Speaker 1: the sixteen nineteen project aspires, through essays, poems, and short fiction, 382 00:25:29,000 --> 00:25:33,159 Speaker 1: to rewrite entirely the narrative American slavery not as an 383 00:25:33,240 --> 00:25:36,719 Speaker 1: unwilling inheritance of British colonialism, but as the love object 384 00:25:36,800 --> 00:25:40,760 Speaker 1: of American capitalism from its very origins. It reviews slavery 385 00:25:41,160 --> 00:25:44,680 Speaker 1: not as a blemish that the founders grudgingly tolerated, with 386 00:25:44,720 --> 00:25:47,200 Speaker 1: the understanding of them as soon will operate, but as 387 00:25:47,200 --> 00:25:49,720 Speaker 1: the prize that the Constitution went out of its way 388 00:25:49,720 --> 00:25:54,160 Speaker 1: to secure and protect. The Times presents slavery not as 389 00:25:54,160 --> 00:25:57,479 Speaker 1: a regrettable chapter in the distant past, but as the living, 390 00:25:57,840 --> 00:26:01,520 Speaker 1: breathing pattern upon which all American social life is based. 391 00:26:01,840 --> 00:26:04,720 Speaker 1: World without him well So I went on to say 392 00:26:05,320 --> 00:26:08,760 Speaker 1: that the New York Times sixteen nineteen project is essentially 393 00:26:09,040 --> 00:26:13,440 Speaker 1: projecting a conspiracy theory. He says, quote again, the sixteen 394 00:26:13,520 --> 00:26:17,520 Speaker 1: nineteen project is not history, It is conspiracy theory, and 395 00:26:17,680 --> 00:26:21,679 Speaker 1: like all conspiracy theories, the sixteen nineteen project announces with 396 00:26:21,760 --> 00:26:24,879 Speaker 1: the eureka that it has acquired the explanation to everything, 397 00:26:25,280 --> 00:26:28,320 Speaker 1: and thus gives an aggrieved audience a sense that finally 398 00:26:28,320 --> 00:26:31,640 Speaker 1: it is in control through its understanding of the real 399 00:26:31,680 --> 00:26:36,360 Speaker 1: cause of its unhappiness. As a way of reconnecting every American, 400 00:26:37,080 --> 00:26:41,760 Speaker 1: I'm suggesting that we think about a year long project 401 00:26:42,240 --> 00:26:49,200 Speaker 1: for twenty twenty six to really study, celebrate, understand, and 402 00:26:49,240 --> 00:26:54,040 Speaker 1: rediscuss the centrality of the Declaration Dependence. We ought to 403 00:26:54,080 --> 00:26:59,080 Speaker 1: start now developing month by month a year long plan 404 00:26:59,720 --> 00:27:03,960 Speaker 1: so that we could truly communicate an experience and talk 405 00:27:04,040 --> 00:27:07,960 Speaker 1: about and come to understand the great lessons of how 406 00:27:08,040 --> 00:27:12,240 Speaker 1: the Declature in Dependence was conceived, how it was written, 407 00:27:12,640 --> 00:27:16,280 Speaker 1: what they meant by, and what it means to us today. 408 00:27:16,320 --> 00:27:19,400 Speaker 1: And I think a year in two twenty six doing 409 00:27:19,440 --> 00:27:24,080 Speaker 1: that would just be remarkably impactful, and it would set 410 00:27:24,080 --> 00:27:27,360 Speaker 1: the stage because in two thousand and thirty two, we're 411 00:27:27,359 --> 00:27:30,600 Speaker 1: going to be celebrating the three hundredth anniversary of George 412 00:27:30,640 --> 00:27:34,040 Speaker 1: Washington's birth. The two hundredth anniversary, by the way, which 413 00:27:34,080 --> 00:27:37,560 Speaker 1: took place in nineteen thirty two, was a major nationwide 414 00:27:37,560 --> 00:27:42,080 Speaker 1: celebration because he was truly the father of our country 415 00:27:42,280 --> 00:27:47,199 Speaker 1: and the great, absolutely irreplaceable statesman on whose shoulders we 416 00:27:47,280 --> 00:27:51,200 Speaker 1: still stand. Then in two thirty seven, we're going to 417 00:27:51,240 --> 00:27:53,359 Speaker 1: have the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the drafting 418 00:27:53,440 --> 00:27:56,920 Speaker 1: the Constitution, and in twenty forty one, we're going to 419 00:27:57,000 --> 00:28:00,160 Speaker 1: celebrate the two hundred and fiftyth anniversary of the action 420 00:28:00,200 --> 00:28:02,520 Speaker 1: of the Bill of Rights, which is vital both for 421 00:28:02,560 --> 00:28:06,200 Speaker 1: Americans and for people throughout the world. And it's important 422 00:28:06,240 --> 00:28:08,720 Speaker 1: to recognize that the Bill of Rights was designed to 423 00:28:08,800 --> 00:28:13,200 Speaker 1: limit government's ability to interfere with the individual's freedom. It's 424 00:28:13,200 --> 00:28:18,840 Speaker 1: a key to understand the American system. You can read 425 00:28:18,880 --> 00:28:21,399 Speaker 1: more about the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the 426 00:28:21,480 --> 00:28:25,200 Speaker 1: declarature Independence and read my President's essay for the Heritage 427 00:28:25,240 --> 00:28:30,240 Speaker 1: Foundation on our show page at newtsworld dot com. Newtsworld 428 00:28:30,359 --> 00:28:34,879 Speaker 1: is produced by Gingwich three sixty and iHeartMedia. Our executive 429 00:28:34,880 --> 00:28:38,680 Speaker 1: producer is Debbie Myers, our producer is Barnsey Slow, and 430 00:28:38,840 --> 00:28:42,400 Speaker 1: our researcher is Rachel Peterson. The artwork for the show 431 00:28:42,840 --> 00:28:46,280 Speaker 1: was created by Steve Penley. Special thanks the team at 432 00:28:46,320 --> 00:28:49,600 Speaker 1: Gingwich three sixty. Please email me with your questions at 433 00:28:49,600 --> 00:28:53,640 Speaker 1: Gingwish three sixty dot com slash questions. I'll answer a 434 00:28:53,720 --> 00:28:57,840 Speaker 1: selection of questions in future episodes. If you've been enjoying Newtsworld, 435 00:28:58,200 --> 00:29:01,000 Speaker 1: I hope you'll go to Apple Podcasts and both rate 436 00:29:01,080 --> 00:29:04,200 Speaker 1: us with five stars and give us a review so 437 00:29:04,320 --> 00:29:07,480 Speaker 1: others can learn what it's all about. I'm ned gangwish 438 00:29:08,080 --> 00:29:09,000 Speaker 1: this is new tool.