WEBVTT - 10 Scientists Who Were Their Own Guinea Pigs 0:00:00.280 --> 0:00:02.920 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 0:00:03.160 --> 0:00:07.560 It's ready. Are you welcome to stuff you should know 0:00:08.160 --> 0:00:16.000 from House toff works dot com. Sometimes science goes too 0:00:16.040 --> 0:00:25.840 far dog matters twisted but true. Wednesday's attend on Science. Hey, 0:00:25.960 --> 0:00:28.560 and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark with me 0:00:28.600 --> 0:00:32.640 at long last is Charles W. Chuck Bryant. And this 0:00:32.720 --> 0:00:37.319 is special like eight ways from Sunday? This episode is, 0:00:37.320 --> 0:00:40.400 isn't it. I've changed my name over the weekend. Yeah, 0:00:40.720 --> 0:00:46.400 I've changed the jan Michael Vincent finally. All right, you've 0:00:46.400 --> 0:00:49.240 been talking about that forever, Chuck. I'm glad you finally 0:00:49.240 --> 0:00:51.479 did it. And you showed me your driver's license and 0:00:51.520 --> 0:00:54.640 it's official. Pretty neat. And what's cool is, um you 0:00:54.720 --> 0:00:57.520 did your hair for the photo. It looks kind of 0:00:57.520 --> 0:01:00.880 like the air Wolf Airwolf era, Jane Michael Vincent. Is 0:01:00.920 --> 0:01:04.399 there any other era the Mechanic? That's true? That those 0:01:04.440 --> 0:01:08.039 are his two eras Hooper. Was he in that? Yeah? 0:01:08.080 --> 0:01:12.120 He was the young buck stuntman to Burt Reynolds's aged veteran. 0:01:12.360 --> 0:01:14.840 Really he played that role a couple of times. Then 0:01:14.840 --> 0:01:18.280 I guess, huh, okay, Well, that's enough for the Jim 0:01:18.360 --> 0:01:22.640 Michael Vincent shout outs. Is he around still? Uh? I 0:01:22.680 --> 0:01:24.959 mean I haven't seen him in a decade and he 0:01:25.000 --> 0:01:26.840 was in pretty bad shape a decade ago. Was he 0:01:26.880 --> 0:01:30.360 really Yeah? From the from what I think drugs, I 0:01:30.440 --> 0:01:34.000 might be wrong though, or maybe he was not. He 0:01:34.080 --> 0:01:36.480 was injured or something. Do you just told everybody Jim 0:01:36.520 --> 0:01:41.240 Michael Vincent likes drugs. He's self experimented. Great one, Thank 0:01:41.280 --> 0:01:43.280 you very much for that. Um. This is a special 0:01:43.280 --> 0:01:45.600 episode because we are good good friends of the Science 0:01:45.680 --> 0:01:49.560 Channel and they have a very very cool show that 0:01:50.000 --> 0:01:52.160 an ad played for at the beginning of this episode, 0:01:53.000 --> 0:01:56.800 Dark Matters. It comes on. It premiered last Wednesday. It 0:01:56.880 --> 0:02:00.520 comes on tomorrow Wednesdays at ten pm. Have you have 0:02:00.640 --> 0:02:02.280 you looked at the episodes? Have you seen any of 0:02:02.320 --> 0:02:04.920 the video? It's pretty awesome. It is UM and I 0:02:04.960 --> 0:02:06.960 was going through the episode guide of the stuff they 0:02:06.960 --> 0:02:10.200 have coming up. It's like, um, really like a dark 0:02:10.360 --> 0:02:15.560 version of Unsolved Mysteries? Remember that? Yeah? Yeah? So UM. 0:02:15.720 --> 0:02:18.400 The A couple of the episodes have stuff that we've covered, 0:02:18.440 --> 0:02:22.640 like Einstein's brain, c I A lsd UM, and then 0:02:22.639 --> 0:02:26.080 they have a bunch of stuff we have. I didn't 0:02:26.080 --> 0:02:28.840 get that impression, but it's it's possible. They can do 0:02:28.880 --> 0:02:32.000 anything they want. But imitation is the greatest form of flighters, right, 0:02:32.080 --> 0:02:34.720 And that's actually we get asked to do stuff sometimes 0:02:34.720 --> 0:02:36.880 and you'll know if we really want to do it 0:02:36.919 --> 0:02:39.320 because we do it. And we did this one. Like 0:02:39.520 --> 0:02:44.080 this is literally being recorded today. Yeah, Like that's crazy. 0:02:44.240 --> 0:02:47.120 That is definitely different. Yeah, Jerry's turning this one around 0:02:47.120 --> 0:02:50.200 like hours later. Yeah, or earlier. We recorded this. It 0:02:50.320 --> 0:02:52.480 is as fresh as it gets. It still has the 0:02:52.520 --> 0:02:55.840 peach fuzz on it. Depeche Mode. By the way, de 0:02:55.880 --> 0:02:58.040 pech Mode is in no way related to a rare 0:02:58.280 --> 0:03:00.160 the founding He was a founding member of the h 0:03:00.200 --> 0:03:05.280 Mode and later went on to Founderation. Really Vincent Clark really, yes, wow, 0:03:05.880 --> 0:03:08.160 I knew there was some tie. I had no idea 0:03:08.280 --> 0:03:10.680 we're talking about this because we were having rarely do 0:03:10.760 --> 0:03:13.959 we let you in on our pre record conversation. But 0:03:14.080 --> 0:03:15.840 Josh went saw Ratio this weekend and I knew it 0:03:15.960 --> 0:03:17.960 was awesome and it was great, and there was some 0:03:18.080 --> 0:03:20.400 tie to another band. I couldn't remember it, and it 0:03:20.400 --> 0:03:22.880 was depeche Mode. Well, it was either depeche Mode or 0:03:22.919 --> 0:03:26.520 the pet Boys, probably, but I had cheez Did I 0:03:26.600 --> 0:03:28.880 just say that that? He said the pet Boys, which 0:03:28.919 --> 0:03:32.400 is an auto part score. They're really good on the 0:03:32.480 --> 0:03:35.640 keyboards and they had these gigant or heads and bodies. 0:03:35.760 --> 0:03:40.160 All right, So Chuck, you're ready ready. We're talking about 0:03:40.360 --> 0:03:43.720 scientists who self experiment and we've talked about UM crazy 0:03:43.760 --> 0:03:48.480 experiments before. So this UM episode actually forms a trifecta 0:03:48.600 --> 0:03:51.680 with two other previously released episodes that if you haven't heard, 0:03:52.040 --> 0:03:54.760 you should go listen to. What's the third UM? There 0:03:54.920 --> 0:03:59.360 is the human Experimentation sure episode, and then five Crazy 0:03:59.360 --> 0:04:02.920 Government exp Oh yeah, all those are pretty pretty well 0:04:03.000 --> 0:04:06.280 mixed together. So if you listen to that the if 0:04:06.280 --> 0:04:08.760 you listen to those two and self Experimentation, you're gonna 0:04:08.760 --> 0:04:12.320 have a very robust understanding of just how nuts some 0:04:12.440 --> 0:04:14.600 scientists are. You know what they call that around here? 0:04:14.800 --> 0:04:18.480 What a bucket? Yeah, they do a bucket of content. Heck, 0:04:18.520 --> 0:04:22.080 that's almost channel. That's right. Ah, this is good man. 0:04:22.120 --> 0:04:25.320 You threw this together like lickety split last week and 0:04:25.320 --> 0:04:28.839 found some really cool things. I think. Yeah, there's there's 0:04:29.080 --> 0:04:32.680 UM you could do way more than ten Yeah, sure, UM, 0:04:32.680 --> 0:04:36.640 like the guy who cracked his own knuckles for thirty years, 0:04:36.680 --> 0:04:39.360 just in his left hand. I believe he found nothing right. 0:04:39.560 --> 0:04:42.800 It does not cause arthritis. Um. We've talked before about 0:04:42.800 --> 0:04:47.360 Albert Hoffman, the Swiss chemist who um took the world's 0:04:47.400 --> 0:04:51.400 first acid trip that's on purpose, Um, on a bike. 0:04:51.480 --> 0:04:57.120 But can you imagine like never having known anything about it, 0:04:57.839 --> 0:04:59.719 Like I think generally when people do that kind of 0:04:59.720 --> 0:05:01.880 thing these days, you've heard of it and you know 0:05:01.960 --> 0:05:04.440 what's coming. But for it to be this brand new thing, 0:05:04.480 --> 0:05:07.039 he was probably like I bet there was along bike crack. Yeah, 0:05:07.240 --> 0:05:09.560 like kids, kids grew up on the Great Space Coaster, 0:05:09.640 --> 0:05:12.280 so they know it's coming, you know. Um, But yeah 0:05:12.360 --> 0:05:16.640 he said that. Um. He he laid down at home 0:05:16.720 --> 0:05:21.359 and UM, these these bizarre but not altogether unpleasant visions 0:05:21.360 --> 0:05:24.280 started coming to him and yeah, he was whacked out 0:05:24.360 --> 0:05:28.360 for many hours. Um. But we've talked about him before. UM. 0:05:28.400 --> 0:05:31.080 A guy who we haven't talked about who I find 0:05:31.160 --> 0:05:35.960 just fascinating. His name Santorio Santorio. It's the the researchers 0:05:35.960 --> 0:05:39.279 so nice. They named him twice, Sordio Sthordio. Yes, yes, 0:05:39.720 --> 0:05:42.480 take a check. Well, he was a self experimenter and 0:05:42.560 --> 0:05:46.400 one of the earlier self experimenters. Um, we're talking sixteenth 0:05:46.440 --> 0:05:50.360 century style. And uh, what he did is he wanted 0:05:50.400 --> 0:05:53.039 to find out about and I guess they didn't call 0:05:53.080 --> 0:05:56.200 it metabolism at the time, did they, No, he he 0:05:56.360 --> 0:05:59.640 later ending the study. Okay, yeah, back then they had 0:05:59.680 --> 0:06:01.839 no I But basically that's what he was doing, was 0:06:01.920 --> 0:06:04.360 kind of learning about the human metabolism. And he did 0:06:04.400 --> 0:06:08.280 so by h being very meticulous about recording what he 0:06:08.279 --> 0:06:12.440 eat eated, what he ate and what he drank, and uh, 0:06:12.520 --> 0:06:16.800 weighing his stools and his urine. And I guess he 0:06:17.000 --> 0:06:20.160 formed some equation what comes in what goes out? Well, 0:06:20.160 --> 0:06:23.719 he found that it doesn't equal. And you you can't 0:06:23.760 --> 0:06:26.119 take into account the weight you put on. There's still 0:06:26.279 --> 0:06:29.960 some um difference. And he wanted to figure out where 0:06:29.960 --> 0:06:31.640 that went. And he came up with the idea of 0:06:31.680 --> 0:06:35.440 insensible perspiration, which I thought was going to be all 0:06:35.440 --> 0:06:38.440 about sweat. So I was a little disappointed. Well it is, yeah, 0:06:38.480 --> 0:06:41.120 but really, I mean it's just like constant, little sweat 0:06:42.279 --> 0:06:45.480 weight like that. But the cool thing about Santorio Squared 0:06:45.680 --> 0:06:50.560 is that, um, he lived for thirty years chuck essentially 0:06:52.560 --> 0:06:55.919 every every day, every every single day for thirty years, 0:06:56.000 --> 0:06:58.560 and he basically lived on this machine. It was like 0:06:58.560 --> 0:07:02.080 a huge beam scae and he constructed like a little 0:07:02.160 --> 0:07:05.240 chair and like a work table and all that. And 0:07:05.320 --> 0:07:07.280 he weighed all the food and drink that came on, 0:07:07.320 --> 0:07:09.840 and he weighed all the poop and urine that went off. 0:07:10.200 --> 0:07:12.040 But he lived on this thing. Well. And what's sad 0:07:12.080 --> 0:07:14.160 is that he did all this and it really wasn't 0:07:14.160 --> 0:07:16.880 super useful, no, but it opened the doors though for 0:07:17.000 --> 0:07:19.120 things like that. It definitely did. And um, one of 0:07:19.200 --> 0:07:21.360 one of the other things that did was, um, he 0:07:21.720 --> 0:07:25.400 had the idea of insensible perspiration before he did this, 0:07:25.800 --> 0:07:27.600 so he was one of the first people to say, 0:07:27.800 --> 0:07:30.280 you know what, I'm not just gonna say something. I'm 0:07:30.280 --> 0:07:33.720 gonna subject this to scientific rigor. I'm gonna put my 0:07:33.720 --> 0:07:37.680 money where my mouth is. I'm gonna scale and weigh 0:07:37.760 --> 0:07:41.480 my pooop. Yeah, he's like a stockbroker in the eighties 0:07:41.480 --> 0:07:45.080 looking for brand, you know. So that's number one. Uh, 0:07:45.200 --> 0:07:47.400 number two, we come to eighteen o three is a 0:07:47.400 --> 0:07:51.200 little bit of a jump there to Frederick Wilhelm Adam 0:07:51.480 --> 0:07:55.920 Certnir and Um, what he ended up doing was actually 0:07:55.960 --> 0:08:00.200 pretty useful for everyone even today, because he did he 0:08:00.280 --> 0:08:05.200 discover morphine he isolated did it isolated it from opium? Yeah, 0:08:05.640 --> 0:08:09.760 and through two steps got a few friends together. Well, 0:08:09.760 --> 0:08:12.360 at first he tested it on animals until they started dying, 0:08:13.000 --> 0:08:15.080 sleeping and dying, right, and then he was like, well, 0:08:15.080 --> 0:08:17.080 maybe I should try to some people and see what happened. 0:08:17.280 --> 0:08:20.760 Because he said, um that animals do not give exact results. 0:08:21.680 --> 0:08:23.760 I guess that's true, right, So he and his seventeen 0:08:23.800 --> 0:08:26.200 year old friends give exact results. Also, dying is a 0:08:26.200 --> 0:08:29.840 pretty exact result. Yeah, So he ouedied a bunch of 0:08:29.880 --> 0:08:32.640 animals and he got three uh you pointed out seventeen 0:08:32.720 --> 0:08:35.440 year olds plus himself, and I think he was like 0:08:35.440 --> 0:08:38.040 twenty at the time he was, so that's like right 0:08:38.080 --> 0:08:41.120 in the wheelhouse. Still today, I think he's a middle 0:08:41.160 --> 0:08:44.040 age back then though, yeah. Uh. And so he dosed 0:08:44.520 --> 0:08:46.760 himself and his friends on a low dose at first, 0:08:46.760 --> 0:08:50.640 about a half a grain of morphine, which is thirty mgs. 0:08:51.240 --> 0:08:53.959 It's a comparatively low dose to what he took, right, 0:08:54.320 --> 0:08:56.199 and that produced a little flushing. He was like, hey, 0:08:56.240 --> 0:08:58.320 this is kind of neat, but I'm I'm looking for 0:08:58.360 --> 0:09:00.160 more than flushing, so let me take a little more more. 0:09:00.800 --> 0:09:04.280 After about fifteen minutes, took a similar dose, started feeling 0:09:04.400 --> 0:09:08.680 a little queasy and faint and sleepy, of course, and 0:09:08.800 --> 0:09:10.600 to the point where I guess he thought it might 0:09:10.600 --> 0:09:13.280 be getting a little dangerous, so he threw up, made 0:09:13.320 --> 0:09:16.480 all his friends throw up to get it out of 0:09:16.480 --> 0:09:18.560 their system. Well, yeah, he started to get a little 0:09:18.600 --> 0:09:21.280 worried that they were all gonna die because they've taken 0:09:21.360 --> 0:09:26.160 ninety milligrams of morphine in less than an hour, which 0:09:26.280 --> 0:09:30.360 today we realized is ten times recommended us. So yeah, 0:09:30.400 --> 0:09:33.800 he he um, he gave everybody like eight ounces of 0:09:33.880 --> 0:09:37.560 vinegar to drink and made him throw up and save 0:09:37.640 --> 0:09:41.240 their lives. Yeah, imagine they probably huh. Yeah. And then 0:09:41.280 --> 0:09:43.960 he did another experiment later because he had a toothache, 0:09:44.040 --> 0:09:46.440 and he found that if he just took opium for it, 0:09:46.760 --> 0:09:49.600 the toothache wasn't cured, but if he took some morphine 0:09:49.760 --> 0:09:52.560 it was cured. Oh, I thought he discovered that by accident, 0:09:52.640 --> 0:09:54.400 Like he was like, wait a minute, my toothache. You know, 0:09:54.440 --> 0:09:56.520 he kept going, this is the only experiment, Like he 0:09:56.600 --> 0:09:59.240 had like many many brushes with death. As far as 0:09:59.280 --> 0:10:02.480 self experiment any scientists go, he was probably one of them, 0:10:03.480 --> 0:10:08.640 one of the toughest ones, or at least or the 0:10:07.080 --> 0:10:10.920 most as the one most addicted to morphine. That's right, Yeah, 0:10:11.040 --> 0:10:15.440 but that was a pretty big contribution to humanity. I mean, 0:10:15.520 --> 0:10:19.240 that's still like the go to um pain killer today, 0:10:19.320 --> 0:10:23.200 I imagine or not imagine, I know this to be true. 0:10:24.160 --> 0:10:26.960 Uh up next, Josh, we have Henry Head, Sir Henry Head, 0:10:27.679 --> 0:10:30.720 and he got together with his buddy w HR Rivers 0:10:31.880 --> 0:10:36.960 and um they this one's a little crazy to meet. 0:10:37.120 --> 0:10:40.640 They knew at the time that nerve damage can repair itself, 0:10:41.040 --> 0:10:46.160 but what they didn't have was uh documentation, right, because 0:10:46.840 --> 0:10:49.080 people couldn't describe it. Good night. They'd be like yeah, 0:10:49.080 --> 0:10:51.559 I guess that kind of hurts, yeah, and like yeah, 0:10:51.600 --> 0:10:53.920 so what they needed at the time there was no documentation. 0:10:54.000 --> 0:10:55.880 So they were like, well, let me cut out a 0:10:55.880 --> 0:10:59.400 sliver of my nerve on my arm and sew it 0:10:59.440 --> 0:11:02.920 back together. Unless since I can talk about this stuff intelligently, 0:11:03.240 --> 0:11:05.840 just I'll do it myself and not just any nerve. 0:11:05.960 --> 0:11:08.320 This is a radial that his the radial nerve in 0:11:08.360 --> 0:11:10.319 his left arm. Right, he was right handed, which is 0:11:10.320 --> 0:11:13.640 why he did this to his left arm because he's no, 0:11:13.720 --> 0:11:16.359 he's no dumb right, Um and he had it surgically 0:11:16.520 --> 0:11:20.840 removed and the radial nerve, dude goes to the spinal 0:11:20.880 --> 0:11:23.280 calm and then all the way down branches all the 0:11:23.280 --> 0:11:26.079 way down to the hand, so it's like a major nerve. 0:11:26.200 --> 0:11:28.160 And he had a section cut out and then tied 0:11:28.200 --> 0:11:31.160 back together with silk and then said, Okay, I'm just 0:11:31.160 --> 0:11:33.800 gonna spend the next five years paying attention to how 0:11:33.840 --> 0:11:39.400 the um sensation uh semantaception comes back. That's right, and 0:11:39.480 --> 0:11:42.400 not only that, chuck. So, dude, I got a root 0:11:42.440 --> 0:11:44.640 canal the other day, as you know, he said, it 0:11:44.679 --> 0:11:48.160 wasn't too bad. Huh, No, it wasn't. But I was 0:11:48.200 --> 0:11:51.199 thinking about Henry Head because while it was going on, 0:11:51.360 --> 0:11:53.599 I kind of went off to my happy place. I 0:11:53.720 --> 0:11:56.720 just like left my body as much as possible in 0:11:56.760 --> 0:11:59.160 case any pain did come along, it would be kind 0:11:59.200 --> 0:12:02.960 of muted. What Henry Head did that work? Was it did? Yeah? 0:12:03.120 --> 0:12:05.880 You know, like you're not looking for the pain, You're 0:12:05.880 --> 0:12:08.480 trying to avoid it mentally. Yeah, and it definitely makes 0:12:08.480 --> 0:12:13.320 it worse if you're attention, yes, he But what Henry 0:12:13.320 --> 0:12:16.520 Head did was create this kind of trance like state 0:12:16.600 --> 0:12:22.120 called negative attitude of attention, where he focused his attention 0:12:22.160 --> 0:12:26.280 inward on pain, looking for it, so he could, you know, 0:12:26.440 --> 0:12:29.640 I guess, experience it more fully and pay attention to 0:12:29.679 --> 0:12:32.200 the type of pain it was. This guy went on 0:12:32.240 --> 0:12:38.839 this journey of pain, excruciating pain at times. Yeah. What 0:12:38.880 --> 0:12:41.959 was his quote to his wife? He said, I shall 0:12:42.000 --> 0:12:44.120 know a great deal about pain by the time this 0:12:44.200 --> 0:12:48.280 experiment is over. And he was right, yeah, whatever, But 0:12:48.400 --> 0:12:50.400 he was a bad dude. She's like, what's this bringing 0:12:50.440 --> 0:12:55.680 in this eternal pain? But he, uh, you know that 0:12:55.760 --> 0:12:59.160 documentation was important because they've never been able to describe 0:12:59.760 --> 0:13:02.640 for they probably didn't follow patients up like they do now, 0:13:02.840 --> 0:13:04.960 you know, like five years later, right, Well, and this 0:13:05.120 --> 0:13:06.920 was over the course of five years, so like they 0:13:07.120 --> 0:13:11.560 they basically documented how sensation returns after a major nerve damage. 0:13:11.920 --> 0:13:16.000 And he also contributed a lot to experimental psychology with 0:13:16.080 --> 0:13:20.960 the negative attitude of attention. UM. Basically, there's this whole 0:13:21.000 --> 0:13:23.440 thing of reverie where you're just basically zoned out, like 0:13:23.559 --> 0:13:27.600 Ralphie in um a Christmas story like that that was 0:13:27.679 --> 0:13:31.079 never documented before. And basically what Henry Head did was say, oh, 0:13:31.400 --> 0:13:33.960 here's a way to explore that. I don't get the Ralphie. 0:13:34.800 --> 0:13:37.080 Remember where they're like Ralphie and he like comes to 0:13:37.679 --> 0:13:41.160 remember his his little daydream about getting the A plus 0:13:41.200 --> 0:13:46.600 plus plus plus plus. That's Reverie. Yeah, that's good. Family 0:13:46.600 --> 0:13:50.319 comedy is number four in our list. Josh, I could 0:13:50.360 --> 0:13:54.400 like to call the dude who loved drugs Alexandra Shulgin. 0:13:55.240 --> 0:13:57.640 We talked about him before, and he was a chemist 0:13:57.679 --> 0:13:59.760 for doll in the sixties. We talked about in the 0:14:00.200 --> 0:14:03.560 can Psychedelics treatmental Illness, that's the one he showed up in. Right. 0:14:04.160 --> 0:14:08.760 He was basically um toying with with mescaline and and 0:14:08.920 --> 0:14:12.680 compounds that later became ecstasy M D M A M 0:14:12.760 --> 0:14:15.160 D M A. I have a hard time saying that. 0:14:15.480 --> 0:14:17.400 And he and his wife took a lot of these 0:14:17.400 --> 0:14:22.400 psychoactive drugs, had parties and the Martini as the usual 0:14:22.440 --> 0:14:24.760 method of the sixties, put a little drugs in there, 0:14:25.320 --> 0:14:29.240 and uh, you know, that's basically his story. He he 0:14:29.400 --> 0:14:33.400 liked the drugs, and I guess he documented all this stuff, right, Yeah, 0:14:33.520 --> 0:14:36.800 he went just partying, was he? I don't know if 0:14:36.840 --> 0:14:38.640 partying is the right word, But I don't know that 0:14:38.680 --> 0:14:40.880 he was always documenting. I don't know if it was 0:14:40.920 --> 0:14:44.680 always scientifically rigorous how many did he take here? So 0:14:44.720 --> 0:14:48.400 there's like an estimated three hundred psychoactive compounds in the world, 0:14:48.400 --> 0:14:51.080 and he estimated that he sampled between two hundred and 0:14:51.080 --> 0:14:54.720 two and fifty of them. So he liked the psychedelics 0:14:54.720 --> 0:14:58.400 a lot. He put into the dead Simothy Learry to shame, 0:14:59.480 --> 0:15:04.120 didn't he They were probably buddies? Was he American? Yeah? Okay, 0:15:04.360 --> 0:15:07.120 So let's go back a little bit from the drug 0:15:07.160 --> 0:15:12.560 adult sixties to nineteenth century. Yeah, eighteen nineteen, Right, there's 0:15:12.600 --> 0:15:18.000 a Czechoslovakian monk who um at age thirty two, became 0:15:18.040 --> 0:15:23.240 a doctor because, um, he didn't think that the whole 0:15:23.280 --> 0:15:26.880 recommended dosage thing that was being doled out at the 0:15:26.920 --> 0:15:30.760 time was he called it nothing but mysticism. He thought 0:15:30.760 --> 0:15:35.520 it was way too low and basically, um was homeopathy. 0:15:36.040 --> 0:15:38.240 I think he had a problem with homeopathy. His name 0:15:38.240 --> 0:15:43.080 is yam Per Kenny, and he uh, he basically said, Okay, 0:15:43.080 --> 0:15:44.800 I'm gonna become a doctor so I can learn more 0:15:44.800 --> 0:15:46.800 about this, and then I'm gonna take as many drugs 0:15:46.840 --> 0:15:50.200 as I can get my hands on, and um overdose 0:15:50.480 --> 0:15:54.680 and then pay attention to what happens to me, because 0:15:54.680 --> 0:15:57.760 I want to figure out what the recommended dosage should be. Yeah. 0:15:57.800 --> 0:16:00.320 The coolest part about this guy's story, I think is 0:16:00.360 --> 0:16:02.600 that after he started doing this, like taking things like 0:16:02.640 --> 0:16:05.640 fox glove to blur his vision and then writing about 0:16:05.680 --> 0:16:09.600 that night shade Ah, the word got out and people. 0:16:10.000 --> 0:16:12.000 I got the sense that other doctors were like, Hey, 0:16:12.040 --> 0:16:15.000 there's this dude that you'll let you do anything. Do 0:16:15.040 --> 0:16:18.200 it right, He'll take anything, So they started doing that. Yeah. 0:16:18.320 --> 0:16:22.080 One of his teachers, UM at med school, said Hey, 0:16:22.200 --> 0:16:24.960 I've got these three different extracts of epocac, and I 0:16:25.000 --> 0:16:27.400 need to find out which one's best. So what do 0:16:27.440 --> 0:16:29.600 you think which one? Is there anything that that does 0:16:29.640 --> 0:16:32.480 besides make you vomit? Nope, Okay, that's it's sole purpose 0:16:32.920 --> 0:16:34.840 as far as I know, that's it. Have you ever 0:16:35.000 --> 0:16:36.880 ever heard of it used for anything else? No? I 0:16:36.880 --> 0:16:38.880 haven't either. No, I don't ever want to have it, 0:16:38.920 --> 0:16:41.160 but um, I want to try it this, so yeah, 0:16:41.360 --> 0:16:46.480 PERKINI UM conducted a three week trial of these three 0:16:46.760 --> 0:16:49.560 extracts of ipecac, and by the end of the trial, 0:16:49.600 --> 0:16:52.560 he'd conditioned like a vomiting response whenever he saw like 0:16:52.600 --> 0:16:57.120 a brown powder that looked like iocac. Again, this life's 0:16:57.160 --> 0:16:59.680 like you want some cinnamon TOAs well. You know, it's 0:16:59.680 --> 0:17:03.560 interest seeing his wife died and he became um in 0:17:03.680 --> 0:17:06.119 charge of raising his three boys, and he said, okay, 0:17:06.200 --> 0:17:08.800 I'm not a self experimenting anymore. I gotta I have 0:17:08.880 --> 0:17:12.480 to stick around and take care of these these jokers. Yeah, 0:17:12.480 --> 0:17:14.119 it was pretty cool. He said he was leaving it 0:17:14.160 --> 0:17:17.119 to the younger generation. But he's been doing it for 0:17:17.200 --> 0:17:21.800 twenty years already. And um, not just ipecac and uh 0:17:21.880 --> 0:17:26.520 fox glove, but also um nightshade. We now use atropine, 0:17:26.640 --> 0:17:29.520 which is the active ingredient night shade to dilate pupils 0:17:29.560 --> 0:17:32.480 thanks to him, because he overdosed on night shade to 0:17:32.520 --> 0:17:34.439 find out what would happen. And he would also make 0:17:34.480 --> 0:17:38.400 himself very dizzy to study vertigo on carousels. Yeah, there's 0:17:38.400 --> 0:17:41.960 the type of vertigo named after him. Yeah, because he 0:17:41.960 --> 0:17:43.880 he studied it and figured it out. So he would 0:17:43.920 --> 0:17:45.680 just like get on the carousel until it and then 0:17:45.760 --> 0:17:49.159 stand up and yeah. But rather than this is a 0:17:49.200 --> 0:17:54.000 common thread in in self experimentation, like with my root 0:17:54.080 --> 0:17:57.360 canal or if you're dizzy on a carouself, you go inward. 0:17:57.400 --> 0:18:00.400 You you you shy away from it. You don't want 0:18:00.400 --> 0:18:02.720 to pay attention to any details. You just want everything 0:18:02.720 --> 0:18:06.640 to end right with self experimenting researchers do is throw 0:18:06.760 --> 0:18:10.600 themselves into the experience and pay attention and gain all 0:18:10.600 --> 0:18:12.760 that knowledge from it that you know, any one of 0:18:12.840 --> 0:18:15.400 us could do if if we were good at describing 0:18:15.440 --> 0:18:19.159 things scientifically, but we don't because we want to avoid 0:18:19.200 --> 0:18:23.600 pain and discomfort. Guys did it for us, they did, thankfully. Yeah, 0:18:23.680 --> 0:18:25.679 well that's why we're doing this one too. It's like, 0:18:25.760 --> 0:18:28.560 hats off to him. If you haven't gotten that impression yet, 0:18:29.920 --> 0:18:33.199 thank you, hats off. What if I just did that 0:18:33.240 --> 0:18:37.119 and I had like a reversal and I like, you 0:18:37.119 --> 0:18:40.479 couldn't say anything about it, all right? George Stratton is next, 0:18:40.720 --> 0:18:44.959 and he uh did something a little crazy. You know. 0:18:45.480 --> 0:18:50.320 He wore reversing lenses in the nineties. So he learned 0:18:50.359 --> 0:18:54.119 that our visual information comes in in an inverted manner. 0:18:54.200 --> 0:18:57.520 We all know this, right, well, he knew that, but 0:18:57.560 --> 0:19:01.240 there were theories that said this, that's how it has 0:19:01.280 --> 0:19:02.919 to be, and he wanted to find out if that 0:19:03.000 --> 0:19:06.560 was true, Like, does visual information have to be inverted 0:19:06.600 --> 0:19:09.679 for us to see upright? Because you know that it 0:19:09.880 --> 0:19:12.680 flips over in the brain exactly right. So can you 0:19:12.760 --> 0:19:15.720 imagine what he did to his brain by doing this? Yeah, 0:19:15.880 --> 0:19:19.400 it's pretty crazy. He wore these reversing lenses, which basically 0:19:19.400 --> 0:19:23.520 presented the visual information right side up, um, and were 0:19:23.720 --> 0:19:27.040 them for eight days straight. So it provided it right 0:19:27.080 --> 0:19:30.240 side up to the brain. But if we wore that, 0:19:30.520 --> 0:19:33.439 everything would look upside down. And he did. He like 0:19:33.440 --> 0:19:35.880 you said, eight days straight, unbelievable. He said. The thing 0:19:35.880 --> 0:19:38.480 that got him the most was like he would put 0:19:38.480 --> 0:19:41.159 his hand out moving right. Well, he had to just 0:19:41.240 --> 0:19:43.639 sit there for like the first four days. He couldn't 0:19:43.680 --> 0:19:46.480 move at all. Yeah, but um, he would put his 0:19:46.560 --> 0:19:48.280 he would stretch his hand out and it would come 0:19:48.280 --> 0:19:51.040 in from the top rather than the bottom. He said, 0:19:51.040 --> 0:19:53.840 everything was just like a dream. Um, I'd like to 0:19:53.840 --> 0:19:55.760 try that out for like a second, you know, I'd 0:19:55.800 --> 0:19:57.800 just like to put some on and be like, oh right, 0:19:57.920 --> 0:19:59.920 that's weird. Let me take them right back off exact, 0:20:00.640 --> 0:20:03.359 not leave them on for eight days. Apparently, by the 0:20:03.359 --> 0:20:08.680 fifth day, everything started to um show up as upright again. Yeah, 0:20:08.720 --> 0:20:10.720 and then if you really concentrated on it, it would 0:20:10.720 --> 0:20:13.439 go back to being upside down. But so did he 0:20:13.480 --> 0:20:17.720 rewire his brain? Yeah, he proved that the visual information 0:20:17.800 --> 0:20:21.520 doesn't have to be inverted to be seen upright, um, 0:20:21.560 --> 0:20:24.359 and that the brain is really capable of adapting in 0:20:24.359 --> 0:20:29.200 a fairly short time to basically the most radical changes 0:20:29.320 --> 0:20:32.359 in in the stations it is presented. So I guess 0:20:32.400 --> 0:20:34.240 that's sort of helped. I mean, it's not like that 0:20:34.320 --> 0:20:39.200 led to any huge breakthrough that I think it probably gave. Yeah, 0:20:39.359 --> 0:20:41.560 I would think that it probably formed the basis of 0:20:41.600 --> 0:20:47.160 like neural plasticity surely, all right. Yeah. Plus also, I mean, 0:20:47.480 --> 0:20:51.080 anybody who does that, that's mind bending. You know, he 0:20:51.520 --> 0:20:53.600 gets a he gets a pat on the back for that, 0:20:53.720 --> 0:20:56.080 no matter what. Well. And he also found too that 0:20:56.200 --> 0:20:58.640 after taking them off that it took a little while 0:20:58.680 --> 0:21:00.840 to get back to normal, which the process something too 0:21:01.240 --> 0:21:05.520 about your brain unlearned and his brain was. Yeah. He 0:21:05.600 --> 0:21:08.560 said that he had like glasses at first, and he 0:21:08.600 --> 0:21:10.320 said it was just too much. He couldn't do it. 0:21:10.680 --> 0:21:13.879 So he blindfold of one eye for eight days and 0:21:14.000 --> 0:21:18.000 had like basically a monocle like a little yeah, just 0:21:18.240 --> 0:21:21.320 single lens and that's the one he wore for eight days. 0:21:21.359 --> 0:21:23.800 He said it was just too much to have two lenses. 0:21:24.840 --> 0:21:28.359 So you want to do Carl lon Steiner. Uh yeah, 0:21:28.520 --> 0:21:30.840 he he actually did do a lot of good work. 0:21:30.920 --> 0:21:35.400 He was Viennese and he was a physician, and he 0:21:35.440 --> 0:21:38.200 basically came up with the blood typing system, the A 0:21:38.320 --> 0:21:41.440 B O blood typing system, because he noticed that red 0:21:41.440 --> 0:21:45.080 blood cells and some people clump in the presence of 0:21:45.119 --> 0:21:47.919 the fluid component, which is serum, but not everybody. So 0:21:47.960 --> 0:21:51.040 we thought it's almost as if their blood is a 0:21:51.040 --> 0:21:53.479 different type from one another. Well, at the time, like 0:21:53.600 --> 0:21:55.760 they knew that that would happen because you give people 0:21:55.760 --> 0:21:59.880 blood transfusions and then they die and um they because 0:22:00.040 --> 0:22:03.000 BO was clumped. Yeah, but at the time everybody thought 0:22:03.000 --> 0:22:05.760 it was because those people had some unknown disease. And 0:22:05.840 --> 0:22:08.600 lon Steiner was like, I think that people just have 0:22:08.680 --> 0:22:11.560 different types of blood. So he used his own blood 0:22:11.560 --> 0:22:13.720