1 00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:02,920 Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 2 00:00:03,160 --> 00:00:07,560 Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to stuff you should know 3 00:00:08,160 --> 00:00:16,000 Speaker 1: from House toff works dot com. Sometimes science goes too 4 00:00:16,040 --> 00:00:25,840 Speaker 1: far dog matters twisted but true. Wednesday's attend on Science. Hey, 5 00:00:25,960 --> 00:00:28,560 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark with me 6 00:00:28,600 --> 00:00:32,640 Speaker 1: at long last is Charles W. Chuck Bryant. And this 7 00:00:32,720 --> 00:00:37,319 Speaker 1: is special like eight ways from Sunday? This episode is, 8 00:00:37,320 --> 00:00:40,400 Speaker 1: isn't it. I've changed my name over the weekend. Yeah, 9 00:00:40,720 --> 00:00:46,400 Speaker 1: I've changed the jan Michael Vincent finally. All right, you've 10 00:00:46,400 --> 00:00:49,240 Speaker 1: been talking about that forever, Chuck. I'm glad you finally 11 00:00:49,240 --> 00:00:51,479 Speaker 1: did it. And you showed me your driver's license and 12 00:00:51,520 --> 00:00:54,640 Speaker 1: it's official. Pretty neat. And what's cool is, um you 13 00:00:54,720 --> 00:00:57,520 Speaker 1: did your hair for the photo. It looks kind of 14 00:00:57,520 --> 00:01:00,880 Speaker 1: like the air Wolf Airwolf era, Jane Michael Vincent. Is 15 00:01:00,920 --> 00:01:04,399 Speaker 1: there any other era the Mechanic? That's true? That those 16 00:01:04,440 --> 00:01:08,039 Speaker 1: are his two eras Hooper. Was he in that? Yeah? 17 00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:12,120 Speaker 1: He was the young buck stuntman to Burt Reynolds's aged veteran. 18 00:01:12,360 --> 00:01:14,840 Speaker 1: Really he played that role a couple of times. Then 19 00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:18,280 Speaker 1: I guess, huh, okay, Well, that's enough for the Jim 20 00:01:18,360 --> 00:01:22,640 Speaker 1: Michael Vincent shout outs. Is he around still? Uh? I 21 00:01:22,680 --> 00:01:24,959 Speaker 1: mean I haven't seen him in a decade and he 22 00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:26,840 Speaker 1: was in pretty bad shape a decade ago. Was he 23 00:01:26,880 --> 00:01:30,360 Speaker 1: really Yeah? From the from what I think drugs, I 24 00:01:30,440 --> 00:01:34,000 Speaker 1: might be wrong though, or maybe he was not. He 25 00:01:34,080 --> 00:01:36,480 Speaker 1: was injured or something. Do you just told everybody Jim 26 00:01:36,520 --> 00:01:41,240 Speaker 1: Michael Vincent likes drugs. He's self experimented. Great one, Thank 27 00:01:41,280 --> 00:01:43,280 Speaker 1: you very much for that. Um. This is a special 28 00:01:43,280 --> 00:01:45,600 Speaker 1: episode because we are good good friends of the Science 29 00:01:45,680 --> 00:01:49,560 Speaker 1: Channel and they have a very very cool show that 30 00:01:50,000 --> 00:01:52,160 Speaker 1: an ad played for at the beginning of this episode, 31 00:01:53,000 --> 00:01:56,800 Speaker 1: Dark Matters. It comes on. It premiered last Wednesday. It 32 00:01:56,880 --> 00:02:00,520 Speaker 1: comes on tomorrow Wednesdays at ten pm. Have you have 33 00:02:00,640 --> 00:02:02,280 Speaker 1: you looked at the episodes? Have you seen any of 34 00:02:02,320 --> 00:02:04,920 Speaker 1: the video? It's pretty awesome. It is UM and I 35 00:02:04,960 --> 00:02:06,960 Speaker 1: was going through the episode guide of the stuff they 36 00:02:06,960 --> 00:02:10,200 Speaker 1: have coming up. It's like, um, really like a dark 37 00:02:10,360 --> 00:02:15,560 Speaker 1: version of Unsolved Mysteries? Remember that? Yeah? Yeah? So UM. 38 00:02:15,720 --> 00:02:18,400 Speaker 1: The A couple of the episodes have stuff that we've covered, 39 00:02:18,440 --> 00:02:22,640 Speaker 1: like Einstein's brain, c I A lsd UM, and then 40 00:02:22,639 --> 00:02:26,080 Speaker 1: they have a bunch of stuff we have. I didn't 41 00:02:26,080 --> 00:02:28,840 Speaker 1: get that impression, but it's it's possible. They can do 42 00:02:28,880 --> 00:02:32,000 Speaker 1: anything they want. But imitation is the greatest form of flighters, right, 43 00:02:32,080 --> 00:02:34,720 Speaker 1: And that's actually we get asked to do stuff sometimes 44 00:02:34,720 --> 00:02:36,880 Speaker 1: and you'll know if we really want to do it 45 00:02:36,919 --> 00:02:39,320 Speaker 1: because we do it. And we did this one. Like 46 00:02:39,520 --> 00:02:44,080 Speaker 1: this is literally being recorded today. Yeah, Like that's crazy. 47 00:02:44,240 --> 00:02:47,120 Speaker 1: That is definitely different. Yeah, Jerry's turning this one around 48 00:02:47,120 --> 00:02:50,200 Speaker 1: like hours later. Yeah, or earlier. We recorded this. It 49 00:02:50,320 --> 00:02:52,480 Speaker 1: is as fresh as it gets. It still has the 50 00:02:52,520 --> 00:02:55,840 Speaker 1: peach fuzz on it. Depeche Mode. By the way, de 51 00:02:55,880 --> 00:02:58,040 Speaker 1: pech Mode is in no way related to a rare 52 00:02:58,280 --> 00:03:00,160 Speaker 1: the founding He was a founding member of the h 53 00:03:00,200 --> 00:03:05,280 Speaker 1: Mode and later went on to Founderation. Really Vincent Clark really, yes, wow, 54 00:03:05,880 --> 00:03:08,160 Speaker 1: I knew there was some tie. I had no idea 55 00:03:08,280 --> 00:03:10,680 Speaker 1: we're talking about this because we were having rarely do 56 00:03:10,760 --> 00:03:13,959 Speaker 1: we let you in on our pre record conversation. But 57 00:03:14,080 --> 00:03:15,840 Speaker 1: Josh went saw Ratio this weekend and I knew it 58 00:03:15,960 --> 00:03:17,960 Speaker 1: was awesome and it was great, and there was some 59 00:03:18,080 --> 00:03:20,400 Speaker 1: tie to another band. I couldn't remember it, and it 60 00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:22,880 Speaker 1: was depeche Mode. Well, it was either depeche Mode or 61 00:03:22,919 --> 00:03:26,520 Speaker 1: the pet Boys, probably, but I had cheez Did I 62 00:03:26,600 --> 00:03:28,880 Speaker 1: just say that that? He said the pet Boys, which 63 00:03:28,919 --> 00:03:32,400 Speaker 1: is an auto part score. They're really good on the 64 00:03:32,480 --> 00:03:35,640 Speaker 1: keyboards and they had these gigant or heads and bodies. 65 00:03:35,760 --> 00:03:40,160 Speaker 1: All right, So Chuck, you're ready ready. We're talking about 66 00:03:40,360 --> 00:03:43,720 Speaker 1: scientists who self experiment and we've talked about UM crazy 67 00:03:43,760 --> 00:03:48,480 Speaker 1: experiments before. So this UM episode actually forms a trifecta 68 00:03:48,600 --> 00:03:51,680 Speaker 1: with two other previously released episodes that if you haven't heard, 69 00:03:52,040 --> 00:03:54,760 Speaker 1: you should go listen to. What's the third UM? There 70 00:03:54,920 --> 00:03:59,360 Speaker 1: is the human Experimentation sure episode, and then five Crazy 71 00:03:59,360 --> 00:04:02,920 Speaker 1: Government exp Oh yeah, all those are pretty pretty well 72 00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:06,280 Speaker 1: mixed together. So if you listen to that the if 73 00:04:06,280 --> 00:04:08,760 Speaker 1: you listen to those two and self Experimentation, you're gonna 74 00:04:08,760 --> 00:04:12,320 Speaker 1: have a very robust understanding of just how nuts some 75 00:04:12,440 --> 00:04:14,600 Speaker 1: scientists are. You know what they call that around here? 76 00:04:14,800 --> 00:04:18,480 Speaker 1: What a bucket? Yeah, they do a bucket of content. Heck, 77 00:04:18,520 --> 00:04:22,080 Speaker 1: that's almost channel. That's right. Ah, this is good man. 78 00:04:22,120 --> 00:04:25,320 Speaker 1: You threw this together like lickety split last week and 79 00:04:25,320 --> 00:04:28,839 Speaker 1: found some really cool things. I think. Yeah, there's there's 80 00:04:29,080 --> 00:04:32,680 Speaker 1: UM you could do way more than ten Yeah, sure, UM, 81 00:04:32,680 --> 00:04:36,640 Speaker 1: like the guy who cracked his own knuckles for thirty years, 82 00:04:36,680 --> 00:04:39,360 Speaker 1: just in his left hand. I believe he found nothing right. 83 00:04:39,560 --> 00:04:42,800 Speaker 1: It does not cause arthritis. Um. We've talked before about 84 00:04:42,800 --> 00:04:47,360 Speaker 1: Albert Hoffman, the Swiss chemist who um took the world's 85 00:04:47,400 --> 00:04:51,400 Speaker 1: first acid trip that's on purpose, Um, on a bike. 86 00:04:51,480 --> 00:04:57,120 Speaker 1: But can you imagine like never having known anything about it, 87 00:04:57,839 --> 00:04:59,719 Speaker 1: Like I think generally when people do that kind of 88 00:04:59,720 --> 00:05:01,880 Speaker 1: thing these days, you've heard of it and you know 89 00:05:01,960 --> 00:05:04,440 Speaker 1: what's coming. But for it to be this brand new thing, 90 00:05:04,480 --> 00:05:07,039 Speaker 1: he was probably like I bet there was along bike crack. Yeah, 91 00:05:07,240 --> 00:05:09,560 Speaker 1: like kids, kids grew up on the Great Space Coaster, 92 00:05:09,640 --> 00:05:12,280 Speaker 1: so they know it's coming, you know. Um, But yeah 93 00:05:12,360 --> 00:05:16,640 Speaker 1: he said that. Um. He he laid down at home 94 00:05:16,720 --> 00:05:21,359 Speaker 1: and UM, these these bizarre but not altogether unpleasant visions 95 00:05:21,360 --> 00:05:24,280 Speaker 1: started coming to him and yeah, he was whacked out 96 00:05:24,360 --> 00:05:28,360 Speaker 1: for many hours. Um. But we've talked about him before. UM. 97 00:05:28,400 --> 00:05:31,080 Speaker 1: A guy who we haven't talked about who I find 98 00:05:31,160 --> 00:05:35,960 Speaker 1: just fascinating. His name Santorio Santorio. It's the the researchers 99 00:05:35,960 --> 00:05:39,279 Speaker 1: so nice. They named him twice, Sordio Sthordio. Yes, yes, 100 00:05:39,720 --> 00:05:42,480 Speaker 1: take a check. Well, he was a self experimenter and 101 00:05:42,560 --> 00:05:46,400 Speaker 1: one of the earlier self experimenters. Um, we're talking sixteenth 102 00:05:46,440 --> 00:05:50,360 Speaker 1: century style. And uh, what he did is he wanted 103 00:05:50,400 --> 00:05:53,039 Speaker 1: to find out about and I guess they didn't call 104 00:05:53,080 --> 00:05:56,200 Speaker 1: it metabolism at the time, did they, No, he he 105 00:05:56,360 --> 00:05:59,640 Speaker 1: later ending the study. Okay, yeah, back then they had 106 00:05:59,680 --> 00:06:01,839 Speaker 1: no I But basically that's what he was doing, was 107 00:06:01,920 --> 00:06:04,360 Speaker 1: kind of learning about the human metabolism. And he did 108 00:06:04,400 --> 00:06:08,280 Speaker 1: so by h being very meticulous about recording what he 109 00:06:08,279 --> 00:06:12,440 Speaker 1: eat eated, what he ate and what he drank, and uh, 110 00:06:12,520 --> 00:06:16,800 Speaker 1: weighing his stools and his urine. And I guess he 111 00:06:17,000 --> 00:06:20,160 Speaker 1: formed some equation what comes in what goes out? Well, 112 00:06:20,160 --> 00:06:23,719 Speaker 1: he found that it doesn't equal. And you you can't 113 00:06:23,760 --> 00:06:26,119 Speaker 1: take into account the weight you put on. There's still 114 00:06:26,279 --> 00:06:29,960 Speaker 1: some um difference. And he wanted to figure out where 115 00:06:29,960 --> 00:06:31,640 Speaker 1: that went. And he came up with the idea of 116 00:06:31,680 --> 00:06:35,440 Speaker 1: insensible perspiration, which I thought was going to be all 117 00:06:35,440 --> 00:06:38,440 Speaker 1: about sweat. So I was a little disappointed. Well it is, yeah, 118 00:06:38,480 --> 00:06:41,120 Speaker 1: but really, I mean it's just like constant, little sweat 119 00:06:42,279 --> 00:06:45,480 Speaker 1: weight like that. But the cool thing about Santorio Squared 120 00:06:45,680 --> 00:06:50,560 Speaker 1: is that, um, he lived for thirty years chuck essentially 121 00:06:52,560 --> 00:06:55,919 Speaker 1: every every day, every every single day for thirty years, 122 00:06:56,000 --> 00:06:58,560 Speaker 1: and he basically lived on this machine. It was like 123 00:06:58,560 --> 00:07:02,080 Speaker 1: a huge beam scae and he constructed like a little 124 00:07:02,160 --> 00:07:05,240 Speaker 1: chair and like a work table and all that. And 125 00:07:05,320 --> 00:07:07,280 Speaker 1: he weighed all the food and drink that came on, 126 00:07:07,320 --> 00:07:09,840 Speaker 1: and he weighed all the poop and urine that went off. 127 00:07:10,200 --> 00:07:12,040 Speaker 1: But he lived on this thing. Well. And what's sad 128 00:07:12,080 --> 00:07:14,160 Speaker 1: is that he did all this and it really wasn't 129 00:07:14,160 --> 00:07:16,880 Speaker 1: super useful, no, but it opened the doors though for 130 00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:19,120 Speaker 1: things like that. It definitely did. And um, one of 131 00:07:19,200 --> 00:07:21,360 Speaker 1: one of the other things that did was, um, he 132 00:07:21,720 --> 00:07:25,400 Speaker 1: had the idea of insensible perspiration before he did this, 133 00:07:25,800 --> 00:07:27,600 Speaker 1: so he was one of the first people to say, 134 00:07:27,800 --> 00:07:30,280 Speaker 1: you know what, I'm not just gonna say something. I'm 135 00:07:30,280 --> 00:07:33,720 Speaker 1: gonna subject this to scientific rigor. I'm gonna put my 136 00:07:33,720 --> 00:07:37,680 Speaker 1: money where my mouth is. I'm gonna scale and weigh 137 00:07:37,760 --> 00:07:41,480 Speaker 1: my pooop. Yeah, he's like a stockbroker in the eighties 138 00:07:41,480 --> 00:07:45,080 Speaker 1: looking for brand, you know. So that's number one. Uh, 139 00:07:45,200 --> 00:07:47,400 Speaker 1: number two, we come to eighteen o three is a 140 00:07:47,400 --> 00:07:51,200 Speaker 1: little bit of a jump there to Frederick Wilhelm Adam 141 00:07:51,480 --> 00:07:55,920 Speaker 1: Certnir and Um, what he ended up doing was actually 142 00:07:55,960 --> 00:08:00,200 Speaker 1: pretty useful for everyone even today, because he did he 143 00:08:00,280 --> 00:08:05,200 Speaker 1: discover morphine he isolated did it isolated it from opium? Yeah, 144 00:08:05,640 --> 00:08:09,760 Speaker 1: and through two steps got a few friends together. Well, 145 00:08:09,760 --> 00:08:12,360 Speaker 1: at first he tested it on animals until they started dying, 146 00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:15,080 Speaker 1: sleeping and dying, right, and then he was like, well, 147 00:08:15,080 --> 00:08:17,080 Speaker 1: maybe I should try to some people and see what happened. 148 00:08:17,280 --> 00:08:20,760 Speaker 1: Because he said, um that animals do not give exact results. 149 00:08:21,680 --> 00:08:23,760 Speaker 1: I guess that's true, right, So he and his seventeen 150 00:08:23,800 --> 00:08:26,200 Speaker 1: year old friends give exact results. Also, dying is a 151 00:08:26,200 --> 00:08:29,840 Speaker 1: pretty exact result. Yeah, So he ouedied a bunch of 152 00:08:29,880 --> 00:08:32,640 Speaker 1: animals and he got three uh you pointed out seventeen 153 00:08:32,720 --> 00:08:35,440 Speaker 1: year olds plus himself, and I think he was like 154 00:08:35,440 --> 00:08:38,040 Speaker 1: twenty at the time he was, so that's like right 155 00:08:38,080 --> 00:08:41,120 Speaker 1: in the wheelhouse. Still today, I think he's a middle 156 00:08:41,160 --> 00:08:44,040 Speaker 1: age back then though, yeah. Uh. And so he dosed 157 00:08:44,520 --> 00:08:46,760 Speaker 1: himself and his friends on a low dose at first, 158 00:08:46,760 --> 00:08:50,640 Speaker 1: about a half a grain of morphine, which is thirty mgs. 159 00:08:51,240 --> 00:08:53,959 Speaker 1: It's a comparatively low dose to what he took, right, 160 00:08:54,320 --> 00:08:56,199 Speaker 1: and that produced a little flushing. He was like, hey, 161 00:08:56,240 --> 00:08:58,320 Speaker 1: this is kind of neat, but I'm I'm looking for 162 00:08:58,360 --> 00:09:00,160 Speaker 1: more than flushing, so let me take a little more more. 163 00:09:00,800 --> 00:09:04,280 Speaker 1: After about fifteen minutes, took a similar dose, started feeling 164 00:09:04,400 --> 00:09:08,680 Speaker 1: a little queasy and faint and sleepy, of course, and 165 00:09:08,800 --> 00:09:10,600 Speaker 1: to the point where I guess he thought it might 166 00:09:10,600 --> 00:09:13,280 Speaker 1: be getting a little dangerous, so he threw up, made 167 00:09:13,320 --> 00:09:16,480 Speaker 1: all his friends throw up to get it out of 168 00:09:16,480 --> 00:09:18,560 Speaker 1: their system. Well, yeah, he started to get a little 169 00:09:18,600 --> 00:09:21,280 Speaker 1: worried that they were all gonna die because they've taken 170 00:09:21,360 --> 00:09:26,160 Speaker 1: ninety milligrams of morphine in less than an hour, which 171 00:09:26,280 --> 00:09:30,360 Speaker 1: today we realized is ten times recommended us. So yeah, 172 00:09:30,400 --> 00:09:33,800 Speaker 1: he he um, he gave everybody like eight ounces of 173 00:09:33,880 --> 00:09:37,560 Speaker 1: vinegar to drink and made him throw up and save 174 00:09:37,640 --> 00:09:41,240 Speaker 1: their lives. Yeah, imagine they probably huh. Yeah. And then 175 00:09:41,280 --> 00:09:43,960 Speaker 1: he did another experiment later because he had a toothache, 176 00:09:44,040 --> 00:09:46,440 Speaker 1: and he found that if he just took opium for it, 177 00:09:46,760 --> 00:09:49,600 Speaker 1: the toothache wasn't cured, but if he took some morphine 178 00:09:49,760 --> 00:09:52,560 Speaker 1: it was cured. Oh, I thought he discovered that by accident, 179 00:09:52,640 --> 00:09:54,400 Speaker 1: Like he was like, wait a minute, my toothache. You know, 180 00:09:54,440 --> 00:09:56,520 Speaker 1: he kept going, this is the only experiment, Like he 181 00:09:56,600 --> 00:09:59,240 Speaker 1: had like many many brushes with death. As far as 182 00:09:59,280 --> 00:10:02,480 Speaker 1: self experiment any scientists go, he was probably one of them, 183 00:10:03,480 --> 00:10:08,640 Speaker 1: one of the toughest ones, or at least or the 184 00:10:07,080 --> 00:10:10,920 Speaker 1: most as the one most addicted to morphine. That's right, Yeah, 185 00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:15,440 Speaker 1: but that was a pretty big contribution to humanity. I mean, 186 00:10:15,520 --> 00:10:19,240 Speaker 1: that's still like the go to um pain killer today, 187 00:10:19,320 --> 00:10:23,200 Speaker 1: I imagine or not imagine, I know this to be true. 188 00:10:24,160 --> 00:10:26,960 Speaker 1: Uh up next, Josh, we have Henry Head, Sir Henry Head, 189 00:10:27,679 --> 00:10:30,720 Speaker 1: and he got together with his buddy w HR Rivers 190 00:10:31,880 --> 00:10:36,960 Speaker 1: and um they this one's a little crazy to meet. 191 00:10:37,120 --> 00:10:40,640 Speaker 1: They knew at the time that nerve damage can repair itself, 192 00:10:41,040 --> 00:10:46,160 Speaker 1: but what they didn't have was uh documentation, right, because 193 00:10:46,840 --> 00:10:49,080 Speaker 1: people couldn't describe it. Good night. They'd be like yeah, 194 00:10:49,080 --> 00:10:51,559 Speaker 1: I guess that kind of hurts, yeah, and like yeah, 195 00:10:51,600 --> 00:10:53,920 Speaker 1: so what they needed at the time there was no documentation. 196 00:10:54,000 --> 00:10:55,880 Speaker 1: So they were like, well, let me cut out a 197 00:10:55,880 --> 00:10:59,400 Speaker 1: sliver of my nerve on my arm and sew it 198 00:10:59,440 --> 00:11:02,920 Speaker 1: back together. Unless since I can talk about this stuff intelligently, 199 00:11:03,240 --> 00:11:05,840 Speaker 1: just I'll do it myself and not just any nerve. 200 00:11:05,960 --> 00:11:08,320 Speaker 1: This is a radial that his the radial nerve in 201 00:11:08,360 --> 00:11:10,319 Speaker 1: his left arm. Right, he was right handed, which is 202 00:11:10,320 --> 00:11:13,640 Speaker 1: why he did this to his left arm because he's no, 203 00:11:13,720 --> 00:11:16,359 Speaker 1: he's no dumb right, Um and he had it surgically 204 00:11:16,520 --> 00:11:20,840 Speaker 1: removed and the radial nerve, dude goes to the spinal 205 00:11:20,880 --> 00:11:23,280 Speaker 1: calm and then all the way down branches all the 206 00:11:23,280 --> 00:11:26,079 Speaker 1: way down to the hand, so it's like a major nerve. 207 00:11:26,200 --> 00:11:28,160 Speaker 1: And he had a section cut out and then tied 208 00:11:28,200 --> 00:11:31,160 Speaker 1: back together with silk and then said, Okay, I'm just 209 00:11:31,160 --> 00:11:33,800 Speaker 1: gonna spend the next five years paying attention to how 210 00:11:33,840 --> 00:11:39,400 Speaker 1: the um sensation uh semantaception comes back. That's right, and 211 00:11:39,480 --> 00:11:42,400 Speaker 1: not only that, chuck. So, dude, I got a root 212 00:11:42,440 --> 00:11:44,640 Speaker 1: canal the other day, as you know, he said, it 213 00:11:44,679 --> 00:11:48,160 Speaker 1: wasn't too bad. Huh, No, it wasn't. But I was 214 00:11:48,200 --> 00:11:51,199 Speaker 1: thinking about Henry Head because while it was going on, 215 00:11:51,360 --> 00:11:53,599 Speaker 1: I kind of went off to my happy place. I 216 00:11:53,720 --> 00:11:56,720 Speaker 1: just like left my body as much as possible in 217 00:11:56,760 --> 00:11:59,160 Speaker 1: case any pain did come along, it would be kind 218 00:11:59,200 --> 00:12:02,960 Speaker 1: of muted. What Henry Head did that work? Was it did? Yeah? 219 00:12:03,120 --> 00:12:05,880 Speaker 1: You know, like you're not looking for the pain, You're 220 00:12:05,880 --> 00:12:08,480 Speaker 1: trying to avoid it mentally. Yeah, and it definitely makes 221 00:12:08,480 --> 00:12:13,320 Speaker 1: it worse if you're attention, yes, he But what Henry 222 00:12:13,320 --> 00:12:16,520 Speaker 1: Head did was create this kind of trance like state 223 00:12:16,600 --> 00:12:22,120 Speaker 1: called negative attitude of attention, where he focused his attention 224 00:12:22,160 --> 00:12:26,280 Speaker 1: inward on pain, looking for it, so he could, you know, 225 00:12:26,440 --> 00:12:29,640 Speaker 1: I guess, experience it more fully and pay attention to 226 00:12:29,679 --> 00:12:32,200 Speaker 1: the type of pain it was. This guy went on 227 00:12:32,240 --> 00:12:38,839 Speaker 1: this journey of pain, excruciating pain at times. Yeah. What 228 00:12:38,880 --> 00:12:41,959 Speaker 1: was his quote to his wife? He said, I shall 229 00:12:42,000 --> 00:12:44,120 Speaker 1: know a great deal about pain by the time this 230 00:12:44,200 --> 00:12:48,280 Speaker 1: experiment is over. And he was right, yeah, whatever, But 231 00:12:48,400 --> 00:12:50,400 Speaker 1: he was a bad dude. She's like, what's this bringing 232 00:12:50,440 --> 00:12:55,680 Speaker 1: in this eternal pain? But he, uh, you know that 233 00:12:55,760 --> 00:12:59,160 Speaker 1: documentation was important because they've never been able to describe 234 00:12:59,760 --> 00:13:02,640 Speaker 1: for they probably didn't follow patients up like they do now, 235 00:13:02,840 --> 00:13:04,960 Speaker 1: you know, like five years later, right, Well, and this 236 00:13:05,120 --> 00:13:06,920 Speaker 1: was over the course of five years, so like they 237 00:13:07,120 --> 00:13:11,560 Speaker 1: they basically documented how sensation returns after a major nerve damage. 238 00:13:11,920 --> 00:13:16,000 Speaker 1: And he also contributed a lot to experimental psychology with 239 00:13:16,080 --> 00:13:20,960 Speaker 1: the negative attitude of attention. UM. Basically, there's this whole 240 00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:23,440 Speaker 1: thing of reverie where you're just basically zoned out, like 241 00:13:23,559 --> 00:13:27,600 Speaker 1: Ralphie in um a Christmas story like that that was 242 00:13:27,679 --> 00:13:31,079 Speaker 1: never documented before. And basically what Henry Head did was say, oh, 243 00:13:31,400 --> 00:13:33,960 Speaker 1: here's a way to explore that. I don't get the Ralphie. 244 00:13:34,800 --> 00:13:37,080 Speaker 1: Remember where they're like Ralphie and he like comes to 245 00:13:37,679 --> 00:13:41,160 Speaker 1: remember his his little daydream about getting the A plus 246 00:13:41,200 --> 00:13:46,600 Speaker 1: plus plus plus plus. That's Reverie. Yeah, that's good. Family 247 00:13:46,600 --> 00:13:50,319 Speaker 1: comedy is number four in our list. Josh, I could 248 00:13:50,360 --> 00:13:54,400 Speaker 1: like to call the dude who loved drugs Alexandra Shulgin. 249 00:13:55,240 --> 00:13:57,640 Speaker 1: We talked about him before, and he was a chemist 250 00:13:57,679 --> 00:13:59,760 Speaker 1: for doll in the sixties. We talked about in the 251 00:14:00,200 --> 00:14:03,560 Speaker 1: can Psychedelics treatmental Illness, that's the one he showed up in. Right. 252 00:14:04,160 --> 00:14:08,760 Speaker 1: He was basically um toying with with mescaline and and 253 00:14:08,920 --> 00:14:12,680 Speaker 1: compounds that later became ecstasy M D M A M 254 00:14:12,760 --> 00:14:15,160 Speaker 1: D M A. I have a hard time saying that. 255 00:14:15,480 --> 00:14:17,400 Speaker 1: And he and his wife took a lot of these 256 00:14:17,400 --> 00:14:22,400 Speaker 1: psychoactive drugs, had parties and the Martini as the usual 257 00:14:22,440 --> 00:14:24,760 Speaker 1: method of the sixties, put a little drugs in there, 258 00:14:25,320 --> 00:14:29,240 Speaker 1: and uh, you know, that's basically his story. He he 259 00:14:29,400 --> 00:14:33,400 Speaker 1: liked the drugs, and I guess he documented all this stuff, right, Yeah, 260 00:14:33,520 --> 00:14:36,800 Speaker 1: he went just partying, was he? I don't know if 261 00:14:36,840 --> 00:14:38,640 Speaker 1: partying is the right word, But I don't know that 262 00:14:38,680 --> 00:14:40,880 Speaker 1: he was always documenting. I don't know if it was 263 00:14:40,920 --> 00:14:44,680 Speaker 1: always scientifically rigorous how many did he take here? So 264 00:14:44,720 --> 00:14:48,400 Speaker 1: there's like an estimated three hundred psychoactive compounds in the world, 265 00:14:48,400 --> 00:14:51,080 Speaker 1: and he estimated that he sampled between two hundred and 266 00:14:51,080 --> 00:14:54,720 Speaker 1: two and fifty of them. So he liked the psychedelics 267 00:14:54,720 --> 00:14:58,400 Speaker 1: a lot. He put into the dead Simothy Learry to shame, 268 00:14:59,480 --> 00:15:04,120 Speaker 1: didn't he They were probably buddies? Was he American? Yeah? Okay, 269 00:15:04,360 --> 00:15:07,120 Speaker 1: So let's go back a little bit from the drug 270 00:15:07,160 --> 00:15:12,560 Speaker 1: adult sixties to nineteenth century. Yeah, eighteen nineteen, Right, there's 271 00:15:12,600 --> 00:15:18,000 Speaker 1: a Czechoslovakian monk who um at age thirty two, became 272 00:15:18,040 --> 00:15:23,240 Speaker 1: a doctor because, um, he didn't think that the whole 273 00:15:23,280 --> 00:15:26,880 Speaker 1: recommended dosage thing that was being doled out at the 274 00:15:26,920 --> 00:15:30,760 Speaker 1: time was he called it nothing but mysticism. He thought 275 00:15:30,760 --> 00:15:35,520 Speaker 1: it was way too low and basically, um was homeopathy. 276 00:15:36,040 --> 00:15:38,240 Speaker 1: I think he had a problem with homeopathy. His name 277 00:15:38,240 --> 00:15:43,080 Speaker 1: is yam Per Kenny, and he uh, he basically said, Okay, 278 00:15:43,080 --> 00:15:44,800 Speaker 1: I'm gonna become a doctor so I can learn more 279 00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:46,800 Speaker 1: about this, and then I'm gonna take as many drugs 280 00:15:46,840 --> 00:15:50,200 Speaker 1: as I can get my hands on, and um overdose 281 00:15:50,480 --> 00:15:54,680 Speaker 1: and then pay attention to what happens to me, because 282 00:15:54,680 --> 00:15:57,760 Speaker 1: I want to figure out what the recommended dosage should be. Yeah. 283 00:15:57,800 --> 00:16:00,320 Speaker 1: The coolest part about this guy's story, I think is 284 00:16:00,360 --> 00:16:02,600 Speaker 1: that after he started doing this, like taking things like 285 00:16:02,640 --> 00:16:05,640 Speaker 1: fox glove to blur his vision and then writing about 286 00:16:05,680 --> 00:16:09,600 Speaker 1: that night shade Ah, the word got out and people. 287 00:16:10,000 --> 00:16:12,000 Speaker 1: I got the sense that other doctors were like, Hey, 288 00:16:12,040 --> 00:16:15,000 Speaker 1: there's this dude that you'll let you do anything. Do 289 00:16:15,040 --> 00:16:18,200 Speaker 1: it right, He'll take anything, So they started doing that. Yeah. 290 00:16:18,320 --> 00:16:22,080 Speaker 1: One of his teachers, UM at med school, said Hey, 291 00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:24,960 Speaker 1: I've got these three different extracts of epocac, and I 292 00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:27,400 Speaker 1: need to find out which one's best. So what do 293 00:16:27,440 --> 00:16:29,600 Speaker 1: you think which one? Is there anything that that does 294 00:16:29,640 --> 00:16:32,480 Speaker 1: besides make you vomit? Nope, Okay, that's it's sole purpose 295 00:16:32,920 --> 00:16:34,840 Speaker 1: as far as I know, that's it. Have you ever 296 00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:36,880 Speaker 1: ever heard of it used for anything else? No? I 297 00:16:36,880 --> 00:16:38,880 Speaker 1: haven't either. No, I don't ever want to have it, 298 00:16:38,920 --> 00:16:41,160 Speaker 1: but um, I want to try it this, so yeah, 299 00:16:41,360 --> 00:16:46,480 Speaker 1: PERKINI UM conducted a three week trial of these three 300 00:16:46,760 --> 00:16:49,560 Speaker 1: extracts of ipecac, and by the end of the trial, 301 00:16:49,600 --> 00:16:52,560 Speaker 1: he'd conditioned like a vomiting response whenever he saw like 302 00:16:52,600 --> 00:16:57,120 Speaker 1: a brown powder that looked like iocac. Again, this life's 303 00:16:57,160 --> 00:16:59,680 Speaker 1: like you want some cinnamon TOAs well. You know, it's 304 00:16:59,680 --> 00:17:03,560 Speaker 1: interest seeing his wife died and he became um in 305 00:17:03,680 --> 00:17:06,119 Speaker 1: charge of raising his three boys, and he said, okay, 306 00:17:06,200 --> 00:17:08,800 Speaker 1: I'm not a self experimenting anymore. I gotta I have 307 00:17:08,880 --> 00:17:12,480 Speaker 1: to stick around and take care of these these jokers. Yeah, 308 00:17:12,480 --> 00:17:14,119 Speaker 1: it was pretty cool. He said he was leaving it 309 00:17:14,160 --> 00:17:17,119 Speaker 1: to the younger generation. But he's been doing it for 310 00:17:17,200 --> 00:17:21,800 Speaker 1: twenty years already. And um, not just ipecac and uh 311 00:17:21,880 --> 00:17:26,520 Speaker 1: fox glove, but also um nightshade. We now use atropine, 312 00:17:26,640 --> 00:17:29,520 Speaker 1: which is the active ingredient night shade to dilate pupils 313 00:17:29,560 --> 00:17:32,480 Speaker 1: thanks to him, because he overdosed on night shade to 314 00:17:32,520 --> 00:17:34,439 Speaker 1: find out what would happen. And he would also make 315 00:17:34,480 --> 00:17:38,400 Speaker 1: himself very dizzy to study vertigo on carousels. Yeah, there's 316 00:17:38,400 --> 00:17:41,960 Speaker 1: the type of vertigo named after him. Yeah, because he 317 00:17:41,960 --> 00:17:43,880 Speaker 1: he studied it and figured it out. So he would 318 00:17:43,920 --> 00:17:45,680 Speaker 1: just like get on the carousel until it and then 319 00:17:45,760 --> 00:17:49,159 Speaker 1: stand up and yeah. But rather than this is a 320 00:17:49,200 --> 00:17:54,000 Speaker 1: common thread in in self experimentation, like with my root 321 00:17:54,080 --> 00:17:57,360 Speaker 1: canal or if you're dizzy on a carouself, you go inward. 322 00:17:57,400 --> 00:18:00,400 Speaker 1: You you you shy away from it. You don't want 323 00:18:00,400 --> 00:18:02,720 Speaker 1: to pay attention to any details. You just want everything 324 00:18:02,720 --> 00:18:06,640 Speaker 1: to end right with self experimenting researchers do is throw 325 00:18:06,760 --> 00:18:10,600 Speaker 1: themselves into the experience and pay attention and gain all 326 00:18:10,600 --> 00:18:12,760 Speaker 1: that knowledge from it that you know, any one of 327 00:18:12,840 --> 00:18:15,400 Speaker 1: us could do if if we were good at describing 328 00:18:15,440 --> 00:18:19,159 Speaker 1: things scientifically, but we don't because we want to avoid 329 00:18:19,200 --> 00:18:23,600 Speaker 1: pain and discomfort. Guys did it for us, they did, thankfully. Yeah, 330 00:18:23,680 --> 00:18:25,679 Speaker 1: well that's why we're doing this one too. It's like, 331 00:18:25,760 --> 00:18:28,560 Speaker 1: hats off to him. If you haven't gotten that impression yet, 332 00:18:29,920 --> 00:18:33,199 Speaker 1: thank you, hats off. What if I just did that 333 00:18:33,240 --> 00:18:37,119 Speaker 1: and I had like a reversal and I like, you 334 00:18:37,119 --> 00:18:40,479 Speaker 1: couldn't say anything about it, all right? George Stratton is next, 335 00:18:40,720 --> 00:18:44,959 Speaker 1: and he uh did something a little crazy. You know. 336 00:18:45,480 --> 00:18:50,320 Speaker 1: He wore reversing lenses in the nineties. So he learned 337 00:18:50,359 --> 00:18:54,119 Speaker 1: that our visual information comes in in an inverted manner. 338 00:18:54,200 --> 00:18:57,520 Speaker 1: We all know this, right, well, he knew that, but 339 00:18:57,560 --> 00:19:01,240 Speaker 1: there were theories that said this, that's how it has 340 00:19:01,280 --> 00:19:02,919 Speaker 1: to be, and he wanted to find out if that 341 00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:06,560 Speaker 1: was true, Like, does visual information have to be inverted 342 00:19:06,600 --> 00:19:09,679 Speaker 1: for us to see upright? Because you know that it 343 00:19:09,880 --> 00:19:12,680 Speaker 1: flips over in the brain exactly right. So can you 344 00:19:12,760 --> 00:19:15,720 Speaker 1: imagine what he did to his brain by doing this? Yeah, 345 00:19:15,880 --> 00:19:19,400 Speaker 1: it's pretty crazy. He wore these reversing lenses, which basically 346 00:19:19,400 --> 00:19:23,520 Speaker 1: presented the visual information right side up, um, and were 347 00:19:23,720 --> 00:19:27,040 Speaker 1: them for eight days straight. So it provided it right 348 00:19:27,080 --> 00:19:30,240 Speaker 1: side up to the brain. But if we wore that, 349 00:19:30,520 --> 00:19:33,439 Speaker 1: everything would look upside down. And he did. He like 350 00:19:33,440 --> 00:19:35,880 Speaker 1: you said, eight days straight, unbelievable. He said. The thing 351 00:19:35,880 --> 00:19:38,480 Speaker 1: that got him the most was like he would put 352 00:19:38,480 --> 00:19:41,159 Speaker 1: his hand out moving right. Well, he had to just 353 00:19:41,240 --> 00:19:43,639 Speaker 1: sit there for like the first four days. He couldn't 354 00:19:43,680 --> 00:19:46,480 Speaker 1: move at all. Yeah, but um, he would put his 355 00:19:46,560 --> 00:19:48,280 Speaker 1: he would stretch his hand out and it would come 356 00:19:48,280 --> 00:19:51,040 Speaker 1: in from the top rather than the bottom. He said, 357 00:19:51,040 --> 00:19:53,840 Speaker 1: everything was just like a dream. Um, I'd like to 358 00:19:53,840 --> 00:19:55,760 Speaker 1: try that out for like a second, you know, I'd 359 00:19:55,800 --> 00:19:57,800 Speaker 1: just like to put some on and be like, oh right, 360 00:19:57,920 --> 00:19:59,920 Speaker 1: that's weird. Let me take them right back off exact, 361 00:20:00,640 --> 00:20:03,359 Speaker 1: not leave them on for eight days. Apparently, by the 362 00:20:03,359 --> 00:20:08,680 Speaker 1: fifth day, everything started to um show up as upright again. Yeah, 363 00:20:08,720 --> 00:20:10,720 Speaker 1: and then if you really concentrated on it, it would 364 00:20:10,720 --> 00:20:13,439 Speaker 1: go back to being upside down. But so did he 365 00:20:13,480 --> 00:20:17,720 Speaker 1: rewire his brain? Yeah, he proved that the visual information 366 00:20:17,800 --> 00:20:21,520 Speaker 1: doesn't have to be inverted to be seen upright, um, 367 00:20:21,560 --> 00:20:24,359 Speaker 1: and that the brain is really capable of adapting in 368 00:20:24,359 --> 00:20:29,200 Speaker 1: a fairly short time to basically the most radical changes 369 00:20:29,320 --> 00:20:32,359 Speaker 1: in in the stations it is presented. So I guess 370 00:20:32,400 --> 00:20:34,240 Speaker 1: that's sort of helped. I mean, it's not like that 371 00:20:34,320 --> 00:20:39,200 Speaker 1: led to any huge breakthrough that I think it probably gave. Yeah, 372 00:20:39,359 --> 00:20:41,560 Speaker 1: I would think that it probably formed the basis of 373 00:20:41,600 --> 00:20:47,160 Speaker 1: like neural plasticity surely, all right. Yeah. Plus also, I mean, 374 00:20:47,480 --> 00:20:51,080 Speaker 1: anybody who does that, that's mind bending. You know, he 375 00:20:51,520 --> 00:20:53,600 Speaker 1: gets a he gets a pat on the back for that, 376 00:20:53,720 --> 00:20:56,080 Speaker 1: no matter what. Well. And he also found too that 377 00:20:56,200 --> 00:20:58,640 Speaker 1: after taking them off that it took a little while 378 00:20:58,680 --> 00:21:00,840 Speaker 1: to get back to normal, which the process something too 379 00:21:01,240 --> 00:21:05,520 Speaker 1: about your brain unlearned and his brain was. Yeah. He 380 00:21:05,600 --> 00:21:08,560 Speaker 1: said that he had like glasses at first, and he 381 00:21:08,600 --> 00:21:10,320 Speaker 1: said it was just too much. He couldn't do it. 382 00:21:10,680 --> 00:21:13,879 Speaker 1: So he blindfold of one eye for eight days and 383 00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:18,000 Speaker 1: had like basically a monocle like a little yeah, just 384 00:21:18,240 --> 00:21:21,320 Speaker 1: single lens and that's the one he wore for eight days. 385 00:21:21,359 --> 00:21:23,800 Speaker 1: He said it was just too much to have two lenses. 386 00:21:24,840 --> 00:21:28,359 Speaker 1: So you want to do Carl lon Steiner. Uh yeah, 387 00:21:28,520 --> 00:21:30,840 Speaker 1: he he actually did do a lot of good work. 388 00:21:30,920 --> 00:21:35,400 Speaker 1: He was Viennese and he was a physician, and he 389 00:21:35,440 --> 00:21:38,200 Speaker 1: basically came up with the blood typing system, the A 390 00:21:38,320 --> 00:21:41,440 Speaker 1: B O blood typing system, because he noticed that red 391 00:21:41,440 --> 00:21:45,080 Speaker 1: blood cells and some people clump in the presence of 392 00:21:45,119 --> 00:21:47,919 Speaker 1: the fluid component, which is serum, but not everybody. So 393 00:21:47,960 --> 00:21:51,040 Speaker 1: we thought it's almost as if their blood is a 394 00:21:51,040 --> 00:21:53,479 Speaker 1: different type from one another. Well, at the time, like 395 00:21:53,600 --> 00:21:55,760 Speaker 1: they knew that that would happen because you give people 396 00:21:55,760 --> 00:21:59,880 Speaker 1: blood transfusions and then they die and um they because 397 00:22:00,040 --> 00:22:03,000 Speaker 1: BO was clumped. Yeah, but at the time everybody thought 398 00:22:03,000 --> 00:22:05,760 Speaker 1: it was because those people had some unknown disease. And 399 00:22:05,840 --> 00:22:08,600 Speaker 1: lon Steiner was like, I think that people just have 400 00:22:08,680 --> 00:22:11,560 Speaker 1: different types of blood. So he used his own blood 401 00:22:11,560 --> 00:22:13,720 Speaker 1: in some of his colleagues, we should do one on 402 00:22:13,760 --> 00:22:15,879 Speaker 1: blood type. I think we should. Is that true? Like 403 00:22:15,960 --> 00:22:19,240 Speaker 1: your body cannot literally cannot accept another blood type. It 404 00:22:19,280 --> 00:22:22,200 Speaker 1: depends I think, oh is the universal type, so you 405 00:22:22,240 --> 00:22:25,320 Speaker 1: can um except but if you have like A can 406 00:22:25,440 --> 00:22:27,600 Speaker 1: you can't have B at all because the red blood 407 00:22:27,640 --> 00:22:30,560 Speaker 1: cells clump and your blood doesn't flow and you die. 408 00:22:31,480 --> 00:22:33,639 Speaker 1: So it's like putting diesel in a very much in 409 00:22:33,640 --> 00:22:36,879 Speaker 1: a regular very much. So yeah, um so what like 410 00:22:36,920 --> 00:22:40,040 Speaker 1: you said, what Lon Steiner did was a huge contribution 411 00:22:40,080 --> 00:22:44,600 Speaker 1: because he showed, you know, there's different anigens in different 412 00:22:44,600 --> 00:22:47,560 Speaker 1: types of blood, and that creates this different blood type 413 00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:52,080 Speaker 1: a bo or a b um. And when you when 414 00:22:52,119 --> 00:22:55,119 Speaker 1: you if you tell if you test people first and 415 00:22:55,240 --> 00:22:58,000 Speaker 1: say oh, they're a type and we've got some a 416 00:22:58,040 --> 00:23:00,320 Speaker 1: type blood over here, a blood transfusion will work, and 417 00:23:00,320 --> 00:23:03,320 Speaker 1: so will oregan donation and all the other huge. Yeah, 418 00:23:03,359 --> 00:23:06,280 Speaker 1: it was enormous. I bet doctors were like, oh, well 419 00:23:06,320 --> 00:23:12,000 Speaker 1: that's good to know in these people. Um. So yeah 420 00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:15,560 Speaker 1: he won the Nobel Prize in ninety that rightly, so yeah, 421 00:23:15,640 --> 00:23:18,320 Speaker 1: he should win it every year. But what's crazy is 422 00:23:18,680 --> 00:23:21,320 Speaker 1: you know he he just he experimented on himself. It's 423 00:23:21,440 --> 00:23:25,239 Speaker 1: kind of cool. Um. But what's nuts is that he 424 00:23:25,320 --> 00:23:28,640 Speaker 1: also uses colleagues blood. And it just so happened that 425 00:23:28,720 --> 00:23:32,000 Speaker 1: out of like five people, they all had different blood types, 426 00:23:32,119 --> 00:23:35,359 Speaker 1: like types were present. It could have gone the exact 427 00:23:35,440 --> 00:23:38,120 Speaker 1: opposite way and just everybody had a type and then 428 00:23:38,119 --> 00:23:41,119 Speaker 1: he said no, they're the same, yeah exactly. So I 429 00:23:41,160 --> 00:23:44,320 Speaker 1: thought that was pretty cool and it was almost providence 430 00:23:44,800 --> 00:23:47,680 Speaker 1: well and he he led that led to Dr Jack 431 00:23:47,720 --> 00:23:51,040 Speaker 1: Goldstein UM in the nineteen eighties to do He was 432 00:23:51,080 --> 00:23:54,960 Speaker 1: a biochemist that did more experimenting and this one confused 433 00:23:54,960 --> 00:23:57,440 Speaker 1: not confused me. But he found out that an enzyme 434 00:23:57,440 --> 00:24:01,080 Speaker 1: and coffee, when injected into BE blood removes anigin and 435 00:24:01,119 --> 00:24:03,879 Speaker 1: basically makes it the universal blood type. How did he 436 00:24:03,960 --> 00:24:06,880 Speaker 1: figure that out? I don't know. The coffee, I don't know, 437 00:24:06,920 --> 00:24:10,159 Speaker 1: but he figured it out. But I just injected coffee 438 00:24:10,160 --> 00:24:11,919 Speaker 1: one day to see what that would do and in 439 00:24:12,000 --> 00:24:15,000 Speaker 1: my blood. Right, So he he had O type blood, 440 00:24:15,280 --> 00:24:18,200 Speaker 1: so that that this enzyme changes B type blood O 441 00:24:18,320 --> 00:24:21,040 Speaker 1: type blood. UM, and he had O type blood. So 442 00:24:21,080 --> 00:24:24,120 Speaker 1: to prove that this worked, he got a blood transfusion 443 00:24:24,440 --> 00:24:28,399 Speaker 1: of this treated B blood that was ostensibly now OH blood. 444 00:24:28,880 --> 00:24:30,960 Speaker 1: So he got a blood transfusion, a small one, but 445 00:24:31,160 --> 00:24:34,239 Speaker 1: he did it himself, UM to see if you know, 446 00:24:34,440 --> 00:24:36,600 Speaker 1: his arm would fall off or something like that, or 447 00:24:36,600 --> 00:24:39,440 Speaker 1: if his blood would clump. And it worked. And it's 448 00:24:39,480 --> 00:24:43,199 Speaker 1: still being worked out. But apparently, UM, you know that 449 00:24:43,280 --> 00:24:46,840 Speaker 1: opens up like the donation pool. If you can just 450 00:24:46,880 --> 00:24:48,919 Speaker 1: take all this B type blood and you need OH, 451 00:24:49,200 --> 00:24:52,920 Speaker 1: which is the universal type. Just injected with this enzyme, 452 00:24:52,960 --> 00:24:55,800 Speaker 1: and I wonder how much blood you have to have 453 00:24:55,920 --> 00:24:59,480 Speaker 1: transfused before it, Like how much diesel can you put 454 00:24:59,520 --> 00:25:01,680 Speaker 1: in there? I don't know, Like if you if they 455 00:25:01,680 --> 00:25:03,680 Speaker 1: just did like a vial with that, like what would 456 00:25:03,720 --> 00:25:06,080 Speaker 1: that do to your body? I don't know, because Goldstein 457 00:25:06,160 --> 00:25:09,200 Speaker 1: did like eleven billion, eleven and a half billion red 458 00:25:09,240 --> 00:25:12,240 Speaker 1: blood cells, and I don't know if that's just a 459 00:25:12,280 --> 00:25:14,280 Speaker 1: few drops or if that's like half a pine or 460 00:25:14,320 --> 00:25:18,160 Speaker 1: a pine or what. Yeah, well we'll have to find 461 00:25:18,200 --> 00:25:20,720 Speaker 1: that out in the blood typing episode. Okay, well I 462 00:25:20,760 --> 00:25:23,000 Speaker 1: have I've been wanting to do the blood one for 463 00:25:23,040 --> 00:25:25,400 Speaker 1: a while, but it's just like, let's do it right now. 464 00:25:25,440 --> 00:25:29,080 Speaker 1: It's tough. I'm gonna need a little while on that one. Okay, Okay, 465 00:25:29,280 --> 00:25:31,560 Speaker 1: do we have a blood typing article? Well, we have 466 00:25:31,640 --> 00:25:34,560 Speaker 1: an article on blood that's like really dense. Oh yes, 467 00:25:34,680 --> 00:25:37,000 Speaker 1: we started to do that when we're like, yeah, we're 468 00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:39,720 Speaker 1: not doing this right now. It was I thought I 469 00:25:39,760 --> 00:25:42,119 Speaker 1: think it was written by an M. D. Wasn't it. 470 00:25:42,119 --> 00:25:45,800 Speaker 1: It read like it. Yeah, So look for the revised 471 00:25:45,880 --> 00:25:48,760 Speaker 1: version coming in the future. All right. I like number 472 00:25:48,840 --> 00:25:54,159 Speaker 1: nine Erman is it Herman or Erman Ebbing? House. I 473 00:25:54,200 --> 00:25:59,720 Speaker 1: don't think he's Portuguese. He was a German. Would Airman Portuguese? Yeah, Erman, 474 00:26:00,119 --> 00:26:02,160 Speaker 1: I don't know he's Herman. Then let's just call him Herman. 475 00:26:02,640 --> 00:26:06,240 Speaker 1: He was German. And uh he was the first guy 476 00:26:06,240 --> 00:26:09,960 Speaker 1: to really study memory and a really maybe at all, 477 00:26:09,960 --> 00:26:12,760 Speaker 1: but in a really scientific way, which was which was 478 00:26:13,040 --> 00:26:16,879 Speaker 1: unusual at the time to apply scientific research principles to 479 00:26:17,359 --> 00:26:20,800 Speaker 1: psychological matters. Right that it was like basically taking the 480 00:26:20,840 --> 00:26:23,600 Speaker 1: way the hard science is doing and applying it to 481 00:26:23,680 --> 00:26:27,760 Speaker 1: the soft science of psychologists. But he formed the methodology 482 00:26:27,840 --> 00:26:31,840 Speaker 1: that's still in use today and proved that it can work. Like, yes, 483 00:26:31,920 --> 00:26:36,600 Speaker 1: you can study you know, cognitive faculties like memory in 484 00:26:36,600 --> 00:26:39,760 Speaker 1: a science way, in a science way, science e way. Um, 485 00:26:39,880 --> 00:26:43,360 Speaker 1: so what he did was pretty cool. He created Uh, 486 00:26:43,440 --> 00:26:45,440 Speaker 1: the first thing he did was he created these non 487 00:26:45,560 --> 00:26:50,399 Speaker 1: syllable nonsense syllable of them with two consonants with a 488 00:26:50,440 --> 00:26:53,440 Speaker 1: vowel in the middle, like nog this is one example 489 00:26:53,480 --> 00:26:57,760 Speaker 1: you used. And he had to make them nonsense because 490 00:26:57,800 --> 00:27:01,639 Speaker 1: there had to be like no so ciation with like 491 00:27:01,720 --> 00:27:03,480 Speaker 1: previous words that he had learned that had to be 492 00:27:03,520 --> 00:27:07,240 Speaker 1: brand new things in his brain because I mean, if 493 00:27:07,320 --> 00:27:10,920 Speaker 1: you if you have a previous association with a syllable, 494 00:27:11,359 --> 00:27:15,399 Speaker 1: right like SKay. Okay, and you have a great memory 495 00:27:15,400 --> 00:27:18,639 Speaker 1: of ice skating as a child, and SKay brings that 496 00:27:18,680 --> 00:27:21,080 Speaker 1: to mind. Of course you can remember SKay. I'm surprised 497 00:27:21,080 --> 00:27:26,400 Speaker 1: he came up with I would that'd be tough for me. Uh. 498 00:27:26,480 --> 00:27:30,520 Speaker 1: So what he did was he basically, over the course 499 00:27:30,560 --> 00:27:35,639 Speaker 1: of a year, uh learned these words and then to 500 00:27:35,680 --> 00:27:37,720 Speaker 1: the point where he could recall them perfectly, and then 501 00:27:37,760 --> 00:27:41,320 Speaker 1: recorded how long it took for him basically to forget 502 00:27:41,400 --> 00:27:44,720 Speaker 1: them and then relearn them again. And that taught us 503 00:27:44,760 --> 00:27:46,720 Speaker 1: all sorts of cool things about memory. Yeah. He he 504 00:27:46,840 --> 00:27:49,159 Speaker 1: figured out that um and a lot of this stuff 505 00:27:49,200 --> 00:27:52,320 Speaker 1: you know is so commonplace. We we know it, we 506 00:27:52,440 --> 00:27:54,320 Speaker 1: take it very much for granted. But this guy is 507 00:27:54,359 --> 00:27:58,159 Speaker 1: the one who figured out that UM, meaningless stuff is 508 00:27:58,200 --> 00:28:02,320 Speaker 1: harder to learn than meaning full stuff. Um. He gave 509 00:28:02,400 --> 00:28:05,040 Speaker 1: us the idea of the learning curve. The more stuff 510 00:28:05,080 --> 00:28:07,120 Speaker 1: you have to learn, the longer it's going to take 511 00:28:07,440 --> 00:28:09,240 Speaker 1: to learn it. Yeah. I think he was the first 512 00:28:09,240 --> 00:28:11,760 Speaker 1: person actually name it to the learning curve. I think 513 00:28:11,800 --> 00:28:15,879 Speaker 1: so it's possible. I believe so Okay, um and uh 514 00:28:16,040 --> 00:28:19,440 Speaker 1: forgetting happens most rapidly right after learning and then kind 515 00:28:19,480 --> 00:28:23,240 Speaker 1: of evens off and slows down. Um. And he taught 516 00:28:23,320 --> 00:28:28,000 Speaker 1: us that cramming doesn't work, that learning is best when 517 00:28:28,040 --> 00:28:31,560 Speaker 1: it's done over a longer time than you know, a 518 00:28:31,600 --> 00:28:36,840 Speaker 1: single Yeah, because boy, I used to cram pretty well. 519 00:28:37,359 --> 00:28:40,040 Speaker 1: Did you stunk at it? I was good at it? 520 00:28:40,440 --> 00:28:42,920 Speaker 1: I was not. I just I would just be too 521 00:28:42,920 --> 00:28:45,680 Speaker 1: stressed out. Well, and I short changed myself though, because 522 00:28:45,720 --> 00:28:49,080 Speaker 1: I would do well in the test and then forget it, 523 00:28:49,520 --> 00:28:51,680 Speaker 1: which was I mean, I wasn't doing myself any favors 524 00:28:51,680 --> 00:28:54,360 Speaker 1: as far as gaining knowledge. You know, I took Italian 525 00:28:54,600 --> 00:28:58,040 Speaker 1: um in college, and it was the only language that's 526 00:28:58,040 --> 00:29:00,200 Speaker 1: ever clicked for me, Like I got a town in 527 00:29:00,400 --> 00:29:04,280 Speaker 1: on a fundamental level. Yeah, and just aced the class 528 00:29:04,320 --> 00:29:06,920 Speaker 1: until the final, and I studied for the final. I 529 00:29:06,960 --> 00:29:08,760 Speaker 1: don't think I crammed it, just you know, I didn't 530 00:29:08,800 --> 00:29:10,840 Speaker 1: take it for granted that I was gonna ace the final. 531 00:29:11,080 --> 00:29:15,280 Speaker 1: But I for some reason I got there and forgot 532 00:29:15,320 --> 00:29:19,440 Speaker 1: everything when I sat down, and well then I panicked, Yeah, 533 00:29:19,520 --> 00:29:21,600 Speaker 1: but it wasn't panic until I realized that I had 534 00:29:21,600 --> 00:29:24,240 Speaker 1: forgotten everything. And I still did this day. Don't understand 535 00:29:24,280 --> 00:29:26,600 Speaker 1: what happened, and I don't remember. It's not like it 536 00:29:26,680 --> 00:29:30,000 Speaker 1: came back after the test. It just went away right 537 00:29:30,040 --> 00:29:33,600 Speaker 1: before the final. You know what happened? What Centorio Sordio, 538 00:29:34,320 --> 00:29:37,520 Speaker 1: That's what happened. I started, I started weighing my feces, 539 00:29:37,560 --> 00:29:41,360 Speaker 1: and it chased away all my understanding of battalion, and 540 00:29:41,400 --> 00:29:46,240 Speaker 1: I stopped after one trial. Did you? I'm just saying, 541 00:29:46,240 --> 00:29:48,880 Speaker 1: I've waited my feces once, and I know you gotta 542 00:29:48,920 --> 00:29:51,120 Speaker 1: do it more than once. He also created the ebbing 543 00:29:51,160 --> 00:29:54,240 Speaker 1: House illusion. Have you ever heard that? That's that thing? 544 00:29:54,320 --> 00:29:58,080 Speaker 1: Right there? Is that the same size that is not 545 00:29:58,120 --> 00:30:02,320 Speaker 1: the same size, It is not the same side. It's 546 00:30:02,320 --> 00:30:06,360 Speaker 1: a very famous illusion where there are two same sized circles, 547 00:30:06,400 --> 00:30:08,160 Speaker 1: they're not the same size. And then the one on 548 00:30:08,200 --> 00:30:10,640 Speaker 1: the left has these very large circles around it and 549 00:30:10,680 --> 00:30:12,880 Speaker 1: the one on the right has very small circles around it, 550 00:30:13,120 --> 00:30:15,960 Speaker 1: and it gives the appearance that they're different sizes, but 551 00:30:16,040 --> 00:30:18,720 Speaker 1: they are not so. Eving House is a pioneer in 552 00:30:18,800 --> 00:30:24,520 Speaker 1: experimental psychology, which is pretty cool, absolutely, and in experimental 553 00:30:24,520 --> 00:30:30,520 Speaker 1: psychology still today. Self experimentation is um fairly commonly used 554 00:30:31,160 --> 00:30:33,840 Speaker 1: UM because it's not nearly as dangerous as it is 555 00:30:33,840 --> 00:30:38,560 Speaker 1: in say medicine. For that reason, science today is basically 556 00:30:38,600 --> 00:30:43,600 Speaker 1: like you can't self experiment. That's so nineteenth century. Well, 557 00:30:43,640 --> 00:30:47,200 Speaker 1: and beyond the dangers of it, there's something called double 558 00:30:47,240 --> 00:30:50,320 Speaker 1: blinds and placebos that you know, if you know, if 559 00:30:50,360 --> 00:30:53,880 Speaker 1: you're self experimenting, then there that's going to affect the 560 00:30:53,920 --> 00:30:57,960 Speaker 1: outcome of the experiment almost time with the double blind 561 00:30:58,000 --> 00:31:01,560 Speaker 1: is like a hallmark of science, the inquiry, and you 562 00:31:01,800 --> 00:31:07,440 Speaker 1: it's impossible with when you're experimenting on yourself. So, uh, 563 00:31:07,480 --> 00:31:10,080 Speaker 1: if you're looking for grant funding and you're saying, well, 564 00:31:10,080 --> 00:31:12,080 Speaker 1: I'm just gonna try this drug on myself and see 565 00:31:12,080 --> 00:31:15,640 Speaker 1: what happens, You're not gonna get that funding, but probably 566 00:31:15,640 --> 00:31:18,280 Speaker 1: won't get published either, right, Well, it depends. There's this 567 00:31:18,280 --> 00:31:21,480 Speaker 1: guy named Seth Roberts who published a paper about his 568 00:31:21,560 --> 00:31:25,360 Speaker 1: twelve years of self experimentation. And he's a psychologist, um, 569 00:31:25,400 --> 00:31:28,400 Speaker 1: but the paper that he published was about the self 570 00:31:28,400 --> 00:31:31,080 Speaker 1: experimenting he did in his spare time. So if you're 571 00:31:31,080 --> 00:31:36,320 Speaker 1: not an experimental psychologist, um, probably if you're into self experimentation, 572 00:31:36,400 --> 00:31:39,240 Speaker 1: you're either um some sort of pro scientist doing it 573 00:31:39,240 --> 00:31:42,280 Speaker 1: in your spare time, or you're an amateur. There's a 574 00:31:42,680 --> 00:31:46,920 Speaker 1: there's a been a movement called an equals one, which 575 00:31:47,040 --> 00:31:50,000 Speaker 1: is you know, in his scientific notation for the study 576 00:31:50,280 --> 00:31:53,680 Speaker 1: sample size or population size, didn't called quantified self though. 577 00:31:53,720 --> 00:31:56,440 Speaker 1: That's a movement. Well, that's the um, that's the website. 578 00:31:56,600 --> 00:31:58,479 Speaker 1: There's like a group where it's kind of like this 579 00:31:58,560 --> 00:32:01,080 Speaker 1: hub of like, hey, I want to figure out why 580 00:32:01,120 --> 00:32:03,920 Speaker 1: I had migraine. So I started tracking like my food 581 00:32:04,000 --> 00:32:09,320 Speaker 1: and they were wired editors. I think, yeah, yeah, I 582 00:32:09,360 --> 00:32:12,440 Speaker 1: did not know that. Yeah, yeah, So there's a quantified self. 583 00:32:12,520 --> 00:32:15,280 Speaker 1: Dot com is basically this awesome place where you can 584 00:32:15,280 --> 00:32:17,520 Speaker 1: go see how other people are carrying out their own 585 00:32:17,560 --> 00:32:20,440 Speaker 1: self experiments and gets a little wacky. Yeah, there's just 586 00:32:20,520 --> 00:32:23,240 Speaker 1: one lady that drinks her first yurine of the day 587 00:32:23,320 --> 00:32:28,120 Speaker 1: each day she records all that. Are you sure you 588 00:32:28,200 --> 00:32:31,800 Speaker 1: saw that? I read it. I didn't see her do that. Well, 589 00:32:32,440 --> 00:32:35,120 Speaker 1: but he didn't click on the YouTube. Know, there's all sorts. 590 00:32:35,160 --> 00:32:38,360 Speaker 1: There was a big Forbes. Forbes had a big article 591 00:32:38,520 --> 00:32:42,840 Speaker 1: on this movement, which is some people call it naval 592 00:32:42,880 --> 00:32:46,600 Speaker 1: gazing at its finest. Other people think it's valid. Well 593 00:32:46,640 --> 00:32:49,200 Speaker 1: that's the point that Seth Roberts made. He was saying like, 594 00:32:49,720 --> 00:32:51,600 Speaker 1: I don't need funding for this because I'm just doing 595 00:32:51,600 --> 00:32:54,040 Speaker 1: it my spare time. It costs like basically no money. 596 00:32:54,080 --> 00:32:56,400 Speaker 1: Get off my back. I just pay attention. But he 597 00:32:56,480 --> 00:32:59,360 Speaker 1: also said that, um, he was motivated. He had the 598 00:32:59,400 --> 00:33:02,640 Speaker 1: motivation of a person looking to solve a problem, like 599 00:33:02,760 --> 00:33:06,840 Speaker 1: he wanted to control his weight or mood or make 600 00:33:06,920 --> 00:33:10,719 Speaker 1: himself a happier person, um, get better sleep. So he 601 00:33:10,880 --> 00:33:13,120 Speaker 1: just carried out all these self experiments and he could 602 00:33:13,200 --> 00:33:16,480 Speaker 1: conduct more than one at a time. So yeah, he 603 00:33:16,560 --> 00:33:18,400 Speaker 1: was like, get off my back. I think it's kind 604 00:33:18,400 --> 00:33:20,560 Speaker 1: of cool though, Like I have lactose issues and I 605 00:33:20,560 --> 00:33:26,040 Speaker 1: could see myself getting into um eating to tracking that 606 00:33:26,160 --> 00:33:29,680 Speaker 1: and and isolating exactly which foods. I mean, that's basically 607 00:33:29,720 --> 00:33:31,800 Speaker 1: all it is. That's it's kind of cool. And drinking 608 00:33:31,840 --> 00:33:35,680 Speaker 1: your own urine type will draw the line there. So, UM, 609 00:33:35,880 --> 00:33:39,280 Speaker 1: we should probably say thanks to some of the sources 610 00:33:39,320 --> 00:33:46,640 Speaker 1: that helped us with this podcast Clark Oscillatory Thoughts Blog. Um, 611 00:33:46,760 --> 00:33:49,360 Speaker 1: let's see Tiffany Watt Smith wrote Henry Head in the 612 00:33:49,360 --> 00:33:52,680 Speaker 1: theater of Reverie. Scientific American had a cool article self 613 00:33:52,680 --> 00:33:55,800 Speaker 1: experiment and step up for science. Alan Neringer had a 614 00:33:55,840 --> 00:33:59,280 Speaker 1: paper from one called self experimentation a call for change. 615 00:33:59,600 --> 00:34:02,840 Speaker 1: Lawrence kay Altman literally wrote the book on this. Um 616 00:34:02,960 --> 00:34:07,400 Speaker 1: who goes First? The Story of Self Experimentation in Medicine? Yeah, exactly. 617 00:34:07,920 --> 00:34:11,280 Speaker 1: Um A. Cohen wrote an article in the British Journal 618 00:34:11,280 --> 00:34:15,920 Speaker 1: of Clinical Pharmacology about UM Sara Turner's experiments. He in 619 00:34:15,960 --> 00:34:21,000 Speaker 1: his good Time Buddies. Um Salvatore Kurri did he rideout sad? 620 00:34:21,640 --> 00:34:24,920 Speaker 1: He wrote about George Stratton. Uh, the University of Indiana 621 00:34:25,000 --> 00:34:28,520 Speaker 1: has a cool human intelligence department quantified self dot com. 622 00:34:28,719 --> 00:34:30,960 Speaker 1: If you want to get into self experimentation and don't 623 00:34:30,960 --> 00:34:33,319 Speaker 1: feel like suing us for mentioning it, it's interesting to 624 00:34:33,320 --> 00:34:35,799 Speaker 1: look at at the very least. Yeah, I agreed, and 625 00:34:35,800 --> 00:34:39,480 Speaker 1: then Seth roberts the unreasonable effectiveness of my self experimentation 626 00:34:39,560 --> 00:34:41,399 Speaker 1: is the name of the paper. So those are all 627 00:34:41,440 --> 00:34:44,200 Speaker 1: the ones, and then pretty soon there'll be a list 628 00:34:44,560 --> 00:34:48,000 Speaker 1: top ten list on the site. It's not published yet, 629 00:34:48,239 --> 00:34:51,799 Speaker 1: it's practically done. I would assume, and Chuck, if you 630 00:34:51,960 --> 00:34:57,400 Speaker 1: forgot the name of the show that we were promoting 631 00:34:57,400 --> 00:34:59,319 Speaker 1: on sign channel, why don't we do a little ad 632 00:34:59,360 --> 00:35:02,719 Speaker 1: for it? That's true? Yeah, um chuck. A couple more 633 00:35:02,719 --> 00:35:05,840 Speaker 1: shout outs are good, good friend Wyatt Senak. Yes, his 634 00:35:06,480 --> 00:35:10,440 Speaker 1: stand up special Wyatt Sanak Comedy Person is out on DVD, 635 00:35:10,800 --> 00:35:13,239 Speaker 1: very funny stuff and if you've only seen why it 636 00:35:13,280 --> 00:35:16,239 Speaker 1: on the Daily Show he is. Uh, he's great on 637 00:35:16,280 --> 00:35:19,680 Speaker 1: the Daily Show. But his stand up is hysterical and 638 00:35:19,800 --> 00:35:22,279 Speaker 1: different than you would think it would be. It is. 639 00:35:22,400 --> 00:35:25,360 Speaker 1: He's much more like lively and animated and he's awesome. 640 00:35:25,719 --> 00:35:28,560 Speaker 1: He's a good guy too. Um. And we have a 641 00:35:28,600 --> 00:35:32,719 Speaker 1: happiness audio book out, that's right, the Grammy nominated nominated 642 00:35:33,239 --> 00:35:37,480 Speaker 1: Happiness Audio book, The super Stuff Guide to Happiness. That's right. Um, 643 00:35:37,480 --> 00:35:39,759 Speaker 1: it's up on iTunes for three nine nine. You're gonna 644 00:35:39,840 --> 00:35:42,160 Speaker 1: end up selling out more if you're in Australia. We're sorry. 645 00:35:42,800 --> 00:35:46,560 Speaker 1: Um let's see what else. Oh, it's got all sorts 646 00:35:46,560 --> 00:35:49,759 Speaker 1: of great sound design interviews. It's just cool. We've got 647 00:35:49,760 --> 00:35:53,360 Speaker 1: some experts on the horn. Ye, my niece, yes, starts 648 00:35:53,360 --> 00:35:56,960 Speaker 1: it out. Um and uh, yeah, it's up on iTunes. 649 00:35:57,040 --> 00:35:59,400 Speaker 1: Just search for super Stuff Guide to Happiness and that 650 00:35:59,480 --> 00:36:03,440 Speaker 1: will also bring up, um, the super Stuff Guide to 651 00:36:03,440 --> 00:36:05,719 Speaker 1: the Economy, which is still evergreen and good. Are we 652 00:36:05,760 --> 00:36:07,640 Speaker 1: gonna do any more of those? I think we should 653 00:36:08,239 --> 00:36:11,239 Speaker 1: just I mean I would feel like I just we 654 00:36:11,280 --> 00:36:13,520 Speaker 1: should okay, we would it feel like a quitter if 655 00:36:13,560 --> 00:36:16,320 Speaker 1: we just had to. Yeah, we need at least three. 656 00:36:16,400 --> 00:36:19,520 Speaker 1: I would like four at least okay, okay, and then 657 00:36:19,760 --> 00:36:22,399 Speaker 1: one more administrative detail. We have a cool little thing. 658 00:36:22,600 --> 00:36:26,839 Speaker 1: If you text um s y s K to eight 659 00:36:26,920 --> 00:36:30,800 Speaker 1: zero five six five, it texts you back a link 660 00:36:31,120 --> 00:36:34,919 Speaker 1: to listen to the podcast on your iPhone without going 661 00:36:34,920 --> 00:36:36,719 Speaker 1: through iTunes if you're not in the mood. Is that 662 00:36:36,760 --> 00:36:39,640 Speaker 1: what it did? Yeah, it's cool. It brings up our 663 00:36:39,800 --> 00:36:41,520 Speaker 1: r S speed and you can just listen to it. 664 00:36:41,800 --> 00:36:43,480 Speaker 1: I think it's quick time, so it'll work on your 665 00:36:43,520 --> 00:36:48,120 Speaker 1: iPhone or your droid or whatever. That's our latest marketing invention. Yeah, 666 00:36:48,160 --> 00:36:50,880 Speaker 1: it's pretty cool. So UM just text s y s 667 00:36:50,960 --> 00:36:53,120 Speaker 1: K two eight oh five six five. If you ever 668 00:36:53,280 --> 00:36:57,400 Speaker 1: are having a stuff, you should know Jones. It's right. 669 00:36:58,120 --> 00:37:01,000 Speaker 1: Friedrich's turners not around. Yeah. By the way, we're we're 670 00:37:01,000 --> 00:37:03,319 Speaker 1: working on there's been some issues with the apps, I 671 00:37:03,360 --> 00:37:06,840 Speaker 1: think refreshing the podcast less lately, and we are working 672 00:37:06,840 --> 00:37:09,759 Speaker 1: Our tech department is working on that. So keep your 673 00:37:09,760 --> 00:37:12,920 Speaker 1: pants on, as they say, so this will be up eventually. 674 00:37:12,920 --> 00:37:17,359 Speaker 1: You can look for UM ten ten scientists who were 675 00:37:17,400 --> 00:37:20,120 Speaker 1: their own guinea pigs love it. In the search bar 676 00:37:20,200 --> 00:37:22,400 Speaker 1: at how stuff works dot com, you can also type 677 00:37:22,440 --> 00:37:26,680 Speaker 1: in human experimentation and five crazy government experiments and they'll 678 00:37:26,719 --> 00:37:29,919 Speaker 1: bring up those articles. Um, and I said, handy search 679 00:37:30,000 --> 00:37:33,600 Speaker 1: bar finally somewhere in there, which means it's time. We're 680 00:37:33,600 --> 00:37:40,000 Speaker 1: a listener, man, Josh, I'm gonna call this, uh well, 681 00:37:40,040 --> 00:37:42,960 Speaker 1: first of all, quickly, if you're from Berkeley, California and 682 00:37:42,960 --> 00:37:46,280 Speaker 1: you went to UC Berkeley, we had a slight slip 683 00:37:46,280 --> 00:37:49,319 Speaker 1: of the tongue. Seriously, we said, U C l A Berkeley. 684 00:37:49,360 --> 00:37:51,560 Speaker 1: We know it's UC Berkeley, we know you see l 685 00:37:51,600 --> 00:37:54,080 Speaker 1: A is in Los Angeles. Yes, it was just a 686 00:37:54,080 --> 00:37:56,400 Speaker 1: little slip of the dog. That's it. We're not dummies. 687 00:37:57,440 --> 00:38:01,879 Speaker 1: And sometimes if you live in or have been to Netterling, Colorado, 688 00:38:02,120 --> 00:38:04,160 Speaker 1: and are a fan of the Frozen Dead Guy Days 689 00:38:04,160 --> 00:38:05,680 Speaker 1: and are mad we didn't bring it up in our 690 00:38:05,680 --> 00:38:09,680 Speaker 1: Cryonics episode, go listen to ten odd town Festivals. It's 691 00:38:09,680 --> 00:38:11,680 Speaker 1: in there. It's in there, all right. So back to 692 00:38:11,719 --> 00:38:13,880 Speaker 1: the listener mail. This is from Stephen H. And this 693 00:38:13,960 --> 00:38:17,520 Speaker 1: was just cool information. I'm a huge fan of the show. Guys, 694 00:38:17,560 --> 00:38:20,759 Speaker 1: loved the depth and breadth of the presentations. I'm not 695 00:38:20,800 --> 00:38:23,879 Speaker 1: sure how far I uh I am from this week. 696 00:38:23,920 --> 00:38:26,080 Speaker 1: He's pretty far, but I just listened to the Black 697 00:38:26,160 --> 00:38:29,360 Speaker 1: Death episode. I thought you might be interested to know. 698 00:38:29,440 --> 00:38:31,480 Speaker 1: While the plague was a horrible affair with millions of 699 00:38:31,480 --> 00:38:34,640 Speaker 1: deaths and an interesting effect on our language today, many 700 00:38:34,719 --> 00:38:38,320 Speaker 1: scholars of the history of the English language, myself included, 701 00:38:38,680 --> 00:38:40,680 Speaker 1: hold that the plague in England is a major reason 702 00:38:40,680 --> 00:38:44,640 Speaker 1: why we write in English today. You see, after the Normans, 703 00:38:45,280 --> 00:38:48,400 Speaker 1: which were French vikings, took England at the Battle of 704 00:38:48,400 --> 00:38:52,560 Speaker 1: Hastings in ten sixty six, Anglo Norman, French and Latin 705 00:38:53,040 --> 00:38:57,800 Speaker 1: became the two major languages of administration and literature because 706 00:38:57,880 --> 00:39:03,160 Speaker 1: all the important rich folks were chum. However, for reasons unknown, 707 00:39:03,200 --> 00:39:06,400 Speaker 1: the plague seems to have hit the mid range nobility 708 00:39:06,440 --> 00:39:10,560 Speaker 1: harder than other groups, resulting in a desperate need for administrators. 709 00:39:10,920 --> 00:39:13,000 Speaker 1: The only people left to fill the jobs were regular 710 00:39:13,080 --> 00:39:16,280 Speaker 1: joe's who only spoke English. So the theory goes, because 711 00:39:16,280 --> 00:39:19,200 Speaker 1: of the plague, the nobility was forced to learn English 712 00:39:19,520 --> 00:39:23,480 Speaker 1: to communicate with their administrators, resulting in the re emergence 713 00:39:23,520 --> 00:39:26,960 Speaker 1: of English as the language of law, administration, and literature 714 00:39:27,800 --> 00:39:32,360 Speaker 1: from Stephen h pretty neto. Yeah, I love supplemental information. 715 00:39:32,360 --> 00:39:34,960 Speaker 1: That's those are my favorite ones. So thanks a lot, 716 00:39:35,000 --> 00:39:38,600 Speaker 1: Stephen h um and since chucks such a big fan 717 00:39:38,640 --> 00:39:43,279 Speaker 1: of supplemental information. UM, if you have any supplemental information 718 00:39:43,400 --> 00:39:48,600 Speaker 1: about experimentation, specifically self experimentation, we want to hear it. Yeah, 719 00:39:48,640 --> 00:39:51,080 Speaker 1: if you've done this yourself, I'd like to hear about it. Yeah, 720 00:39:51,120 --> 00:39:53,320 Speaker 1: but don't do it yourself just to tell us about it, No, 721 00:39:53,400 --> 00:39:55,279 Speaker 1: because we don't want even get hurt. That seems like 722 00:39:55,320 --> 00:39:57,400 Speaker 1: in the gray area that I'm not comfortable with it. 723 00:39:57,520 --> 00:39:59,760 Speaker 1: If you've done like your own lactose study on yourself, 724 00:39:59,760 --> 00:40:03,000 Speaker 1: something like that, sure, something harmless, Yeah, like you didn't 725 00:40:03,000 --> 00:40:07,759 Speaker 1: inject lactose. Um. You can tweet to us at s 726 00:40:07,880 --> 00:40:11,640 Speaker 1: y s K podcast UM. You can go onto Facebook 727 00:40:11,640 --> 00:40:14,600 Speaker 1: dot com slash stuff you should know that's our page, UM, 728 00:40:14,719 --> 00:40:16,840 Speaker 1: or you can send us a plain old fashioned email 729 00:40:16,920 --> 00:40:25,759 Speaker 1: to stuff Podcasts at how stuff works dot com. Be 730 00:40:25,880 --> 00:40:28,480 Speaker 1: sure to check out our new video podcast, Stuff from 731 00:40:28,520 --> 00:40:31,360 Speaker 1: the Future. Join how Stuff Work staff as we explore 732 00:40:31,400 --> 00:40:37,600 Speaker 1: the most promising and perplexing possibilities of tomorrow, brought to 733 00:40:37,600 --> 00:40:40,720 Speaker 1: you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera, it's ready. 734 00:40:40,880 --> 00:40:41,319 Speaker 1: Are you