1 00:00:03,120 --> 00:00:06,360 Speaker 1: If you have the passion, go get your phone and 2 00:00:06,400 --> 00:00:09,240 Speaker 1: go start filming, Go start making stories. 3 00:00:11,320 --> 00:00:14,040 Speaker 2: Hey there, welcome to Grown Up with Emily, a Lingo 4 00:00:14,120 --> 00:00:17,200 Speaker 2: kids podcast. It helps kids discover how to be whatever 5 00:00:17,320 --> 00:00:28,760 Speaker 2: they want to be growing up. 6 00:00:38,440 --> 00:00:41,600 Speaker 3: Everybody was kind of rooting for me to succeed, and 7 00:00:41,640 --> 00:00:44,360 Speaker 3: I kind of learned while we were making the movie 8 00:00:44,479 --> 00:00:45,640 Speaker 3: how to make this film. 9 00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:48,960 Speaker 2: I ever wonder what it'd be like to make your 10 00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:53,880 Speaker 2: own movie full of talented actors, crazy costumes and fun 11 00:00:54,040 --> 00:00:57,200 Speaker 2: visual effects. Well, today we are on a mission to 12 00:00:57,360 --> 00:00:59,840 Speaker 2: learn more about film directing. 13 00:01:03,840 --> 00:01:07,679 Speaker 4: Dang it, Why won't this thing't work? 14 00:01:08,040 --> 00:01:11,319 Speaker 2: What's with the camera and all the lights? Are you 15 00:01:11,400 --> 00:01:12,920 Speaker 2: setting up for a photo shoot? 16 00:01:13,120 --> 00:01:13,920 Speaker 4: Yeah? 17 00:01:14,040 --> 00:01:16,039 Speaker 5: I found this old camera in my attic, and I 18 00:01:16,040 --> 00:01:18,560 Speaker 5: thought it'd be fun to record some of our experiments 19 00:01:18,560 --> 00:01:21,160 Speaker 5: here in the lab so we can start making YouTube 20 00:01:21,200 --> 00:01:23,199 Speaker 5: tutorials and lots of money. 21 00:01:23,400 --> 00:01:25,600 Speaker 6: Whitson, that's such a great idea. 22 00:01:25,840 --> 00:01:27,560 Speaker 4: Well it's not gonna work. 23 00:01:27,920 --> 00:01:30,759 Speaker 5: I can't get the lights right, Emily, and this camera's 24 00:01:30,800 --> 00:01:31,880 Speaker 5: too hard to figure out. 25 00:01:32,640 --> 00:01:36,759 Speaker 4: There's just so many buttons. I didn't realize directing would 26 00:01:36,800 --> 00:01:41,600 Speaker 4: be this difficult. How can I help stand here? 27 00:01:42,040 --> 00:01:44,440 Speaker 5: When I say action? I want you to say, Ha, 28 00:01:44,800 --> 00:01:47,040 Speaker 5: I'm Emily and I'm an engineer. 29 00:01:47,600 --> 00:01:50,000 Speaker 6: Down's easy enough, Okay, I'm ready. 30 00:01:50,080 --> 00:01:55,360 Speaker 4: All right, here we go, quiet on the sand. Whoa 31 00:01:55,960 --> 00:01:59,080 Speaker 4: Emily screen test? Take one lights. 32 00:02:01,520 --> 00:02:01,840 Speaker 2: Action? 33 00:02:03,120 --> 00:02:06,200 Speaker 6: Hi, I'm Emily and I'm an engineer. 34 00:02:06,880 --> 00:02:09,600 Speaker 5: Cot now, no, no, I didn't believe you at all. 35 00:02:09,919 --> 00:02:11,600 Speaker 5: The audience will never buy it. 36 00:02:11,760 --> 00:02:16,000 Speaker 2: And by Winston, I am Emily and I am an engineer. 37 00:02:16,600 --> 00:02:19,079 Speaker 4: Yeah, it could have fooled me Emily. Okay. 38 00:02:19,240 --> 00:02:20,959 Speaker 5: So what's the next thing a director would do in 39 00:02:21,000 --> 00:02:23,160 Speaker 5: a case like this, Well, if. 40 00:02:23,040 --> 00:02:25,959 Speaker 2: They wanted the actor to try something else, they might 41 00:02:26,000 --> 00:02:30,520 Speaker 2: say do it more confidently, or maybe try to be 42 00:02:30,560 --> 00:02:36,000 Speaker 2: funnier or more serious. Hold on, I just remembered I've 43 00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:38,239 Speaker 2: got two tickets to a Q and A with Roger 44 00:02:38,320 --> 00:02:39,280 Speaker 2: Cumble for today. 45 00:02:39,440 --> 00:02:41,880 Speaker 4: I'm sorry who Roger Cumble? 46 00:02:42,120 --> 00:02:45,520 Speaker 2: He directed a lot of well known films people love, 47 00:02:45,880 --> 00:02:50,680 Speaker 2: like Cruel Intentions and the Sweetest Thing. Those aren't movies 48 00:02:50,720 --> 00:02:53,920 Speaker 2: for kids, but he also directed episodes of TV shows 49 00:02:54,040 --> 00:02:58,240 Speaker 2: like The Goldbirds and The Mendy Project, which are hilarious 50 00:02:58,240 --> 00:02:59,360 Speaker 2: and family friendly. 51 00:02:59,560 --> 00:03:00,920 Speaker 4: Hey, I've watched some of those. 52 00:03:01,360 --> 00:03:04,120 Speaker 2: Roger has been working as a director for almost twenty 53 00:03:04,160 --> 00:03:07,040 Speaker 2: five years. And he's made some big hits. You could 54 00:03:07,120 --> 00:03:09,200 Speaker 2: learn a lot about film directing from him. Do you 55 00:03:09,240 --> 00:03:11,320 Speaker 2: want to come with me to the Q and A Uh? 56 00:03:11,400 --> 00:03:13,600 Speaker 4: Let me think about it. Uh, yes, of course I 57 00:03:13,680 --> 00:03:14,760 Speaker 4: want to come. Wait. 58 00:03:15,320 --> 00:03:18,960 Speaker 2: What is a Q and a h Q and a 59 00:03:19,160 --> 00:03:23,840 Speaker 2: question and answer. It's where a professional gives a talk 60 00:03:23,919 --> 00:03:26,920 Speaker 2: and then people get to ask them questions afterward. 61 00:03:27,200 --> 00:03:29,680 Speaker 4: Oh, ask them questions, sure. 62 00:03:29,520 --> 00:03:33,120 Speaker 2: Like for Roger you could ask what's your favorite movie 63 00:03:33,200 --> 00:03:37,520 Speaker 2: you've ever directed? Or what's the hardest part about being 64 00:03:37,600 --> 00:03:41,360 Speaker 2: a director. Maybe you can ask Roger a question. 65 00:03:41,760 --> 00:03:43,960 Speaker 4: Oh, that'd be great. I'd love to find out more 66 00:03:44,000 --> 00:03:46,000 Speaker 4: about how to be a director from a real pro. 67 00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:49,640 Speaker 6: Plus, they'll be popcorn double sold. 68 00:03:49,840 --> 00:03:57,160 Speaker 4: Let's go, Emily. Wow, what a turnout. A whole audience 69 00:03:57,240 --> 00:03:58,600 Speaker 4: full of budding film. 70 00:03:58,280 --> 00:04:03,119 Speaker 6: Directors' sing, isn't it Winson. Let's take our scenes. 71 00:04:03,200 --> 00:04:05,720 Speaker 4: Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for coming out tonight to 72 00:04:05,760 --> 00:04:09,960 Speaker 4: hear about the director. To the modertquished guest, the one 73 00:04:10,640 --> 00:04:14,560 Speaker 4: the only Roger. Oh there he is, Emily. 74 00:04:15,360 --> 00:04:16,320 Speaker 2: I'm so excited. 75 00:04:16,920 --> 00:04:17,120 Speaker 4: Hi. 76 00:04:17,200 --> 00:04:21,160 Speaker 3: My name is Roger Cumble and I am a film director. 77 00:04:21,880 --> 00:04:25,479 Speaker 3: I love telling good stories. I just try to grab 78 00:04:25,480 --> 00:04:28,040 Speaker 3: as many stories as I can and try to find 79 00:04:28,120 --> 00:04:32,159 Speaker 3: whatever interesting story there is so that maybe I can 80 00:04:32,200 --> 00:04:33,800 Speaker 3: tell that story in a movie. 81 00:04:34,080 --> 00:04:37,760 Speaker 4: Grabbing stories Huh. Kind of sounds like a game of catch. 82 00:04:37,520 --> 00:04:39,520 Speaker 6: The wabbles, kind of does Wincent. 83 00:04:40,120 --> 00:04:43,240 Speaker 2: Artists all have different ways of finding and recording their 84 00:04:43,279 --> 00:04:48,880 Speaker 2: ideas and inspiration. Take George Lucas, the director of Star Wars. 85 00:04:49,200 --> 00:04:53,120 Speaker 2: He used storyboards to plan out every single scene in 86 00:04:53,160 --> 00:04:53,960 Speaker 2: his films. 87 00:04:54,240 --> 00:04:57,920 Speaker 4: Storyboards. Huh. That sounds like fun. But what is it? 88 00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:01,159 Speaker 6: Oh, it's like a comic book vers of a film. 89 00:05:01,400 --> 00:05:04,960 Speaker 2: Storyboarding as it's known today, was actually created back in 90 00:05:04,960 --> 00:05:08,680 Speaker 2: the nineteen thirties at the Disney Studios, where the animators 91 00:05:08,760 --> 00:05:12,000 Speaker 2: used little drawings to help bring their vision to the screen. 92 00:05:12,279 --> 00:05:15,200 Speaker 4: Oh, Nate, I kind of do that when I doodle already. 93 00:05:15,400 --> 00:05:18,320 Speaker 2: See you're a film director in the making already, Winston. 94 00:05:18,839 --> 00:05:22,360 Speaker 2: But it's one thing to draw them or write stories 95 00:05:22,400 --> 00:05:23,200 Speaker 2: down on paper. 96 00:05:23,720 --> 00:05:26,800 Speaker 6: Bringing them to life on the big screen is a 97 00:05:26,800 --> 00:05:28,240 Speaker 6: whole other set of skills. 98 00:05:28,560 --> 00:05:31,279 Speaker 2: Let's listen and find out how Roger got started in 99 00:05:31,279 --> 00:05:31,919 Speaker 2: the industry. 100 00:05:32,440 --> 00:05:36,040 Speaker 3: It was in probably in high school. We had a 101 00:05:36,080 --> 00:05:39,520 Speaker 3: teacher and he had us create our own play. We 102 00:05:39,560 --> 00:05:42,920 Speaker 3: had created our own musical and it was kind of crazy, 103 00:05:43,560 --> 00:05:46,920 Speaker 3: and that's when he had us make our own story. 104 00:05:47,520 --> 00:05:50,800 Speaker 2: Roger Cumble started out as a writer in Hollywood, but 105 00:05:51,000 --> 00:05:53,960 Speaker 2: then he decided he wanted to direct movies. 106 00:05:53,600 --> 00:05:57,200 Speaker 3: Too, and I went to Los Angeles and I ended 107 00:05:57,279 --> 00:05:59,800 Speaker 3: up becoming a playwright and I would work with the 108 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:02,360 Speaker 3: direct and I was like, I don't want this job. 109 00:06:02,400 --> 00:06:03,359 Speaker 3: I want that job. 110 00:06:03,880 --> 00:06:05,279 Speaker 4: I like that job better. 111 00:06:05,560 --> 00:06:08,120 Speaker 5: Writing and directing at the same time sounds like a 112 00:06:08,160 --> 00:06:10,560 Speaker 5: lot of work. Maybe you can write the scripts for 113 00:06:10,600 --> 00:06:12,599 Speaker 5: our lab videos and I'll direct them. 114 00:06:13,760 --> 00:06:16,719 Speaker 6: Sher Winson. Oh, let's be quiet, he's talking again. 115 00:06:17,040 --> 00:06:20,480 Speaker 3: I have what you call like mentors, and mentors are 116 00:06:20,760 --> 00:06:23,640 Speaker 3: like teachers. But one of the biggest ones I had 117 00:06:23,800 --> 00:06:28,040 Speaker 3: was this guy, David Swimmer, who is a very famous actor. 118 00:06:28,680 --> 00:06:31,120 Speaker 3: He was on this TV show that your parents might 119 00:06:31,200 --> 00:06:34,400 Speaker 3: know called Friends. I ran into him one night and 120 00:06:34,440 --> 00:06:36,680 Speaker 3: he asked me what I was doing because I knew 121 00:06:36,720 --> 00:06:39,279 Speaker 3: him from college. And I wrote this play and he 122 00:06:39,360 --> 00:06:42,400 Speaker 3: agreed to do it and he let me direct it, 123 00:06:42,800 --> 00:06:46,240 Speaker 3: which was him being so nice. He really directed it 124 00:06:46,880 --> 00:06:49,560 Speaker 3: with me, but he taught me how to direct. A 125 00:06:49,600 --> 00:06:52,760 Speaker 3: great life skill is don't pretend to know what you 126 00:06:52,800 --> 00:06:55,400 Speaker 3: don't know and ask for help and have good manners. 127 00:06:56,279 --> 00:06:58,120 Speaker 4: I get nervous to ask for help when I don't 128 00:06:58,160 --> 00:06:59,680 Speaker 4: know how to do something. Sometimes. 129 00:07:00,080 --> 00:07:03,279 Speaker 2: I guarantee you that even the most successful people ask 130 00:07:03,400 --> 00:07:06,360 Speaker 2: for help when they were starting out, no matter what. 131 00:07:06,600 --> 00:07:07,240 Speaker 6: Job they have. 132 00:07:07,960 --> 00:07:11,080 Speaker 2: Besides, you can't learn anything if you act like you 133 00:07:11,160 --> 00:07:12,440 Speaker 2: already know everything. 134 00:07:12,760 --> 00:07:14,520 Speaker 4: Hey, what are you trying to say? 135 00:07:14,680 --> 00:07:16,560 Speaker 6: No, I didn't mean you. 136 00:07:16,560 --> 00:07:20,640 Speaker 3: You know. The thing is with filmmaking, it's a collaboration. Yes, 137 00:07:20,720 --> 00:07:22,920 Speaker 3: you're the director and you're the leader, but there's a 138 00:07:22,960 --> 00:07:26,360 Speaker 3: lot of people involved, and that's the challenge of the job. 139 00:07:29,280 --> 00:07:31,040 Speaker 2: I want to take a quick minute to tell you 140 00:07:31,120 --> 00:07:34,360 Speaker 2: and our listeners about Lingo Kids. You know how I 141 00:07:34,440 --> 00:07:39,320 Speaker 2: start every episode by saying that it's a Lingo Kids podcast. Well, 142 00:07:39,520 --> 00:07:42,920 Speaker 2: Lingo Kids is the number one learning app for kids. 143 00:07:43,320 --> 00:07:46,000 Speaker 2: They believe that learning can be fun and I think 144 00:07:46,040 --> 00:07:51,160 Speaker 2: so too. They transformed screen time with educational and interactive games, videos, 145 00:07:51,200 --> 00:07:53,760 Speaker 2: and songs, and you can play all these. 146 00:07:53,600 --> 00:07:54,119 Speaker 6: On their app. 147 00:07:55,920 --> 00:07:59,160 Speaker 5: Hey, Emily, remember when you got to interview actor Joel 148 00:07:59,240 --> 00:08:01,640 Speaker 5: McHale said it took a lot of people to make 149 00:08:01,680 --> 00:08:04,840 Speaker 5: a movie too. I bet directing and being in charge 150 00:08:04,840 --> 00:08:07,920 Speaker 5: of all those people takes a lot of concentration. 151 00:08:08,280 --> 00:08:09,200 Speaker 6: I bet you're right. 152 00:08:09,720 --> 00:08:13,160 Speaker 2: I mean, I only have one employee, and even if 153 00:08:13,200 --> 00:08:16,400 Speaker 2: I take my eye off of him for one second. 154 00:08:16,400 --> 00:08:18,320 Speaker 4: Hey wait, I'm the one employee. 155 00:08:18,920 --> 00:08:22,520 Speaker 6: I'm kidding Winston. Really though, making a movie can be 156 00:08:22,640 --> 00:08:23,440 Speaker 6: a big job. 157 00:08:23,760 --> 00:08:26,360 Speaker 2: But if you're just starting out, you can make short 158 00:08:26,400 --> 00:08:29,200 Speaker 2: films that you could shoot by yourself or with a 159 00:08:29,200 --> 00:08:32,200 Speaker 2: few friends, you know, until you're a big shot like 160 00:08:32,280 --> 00:08:34,360 Speaker 2: Roger with a huge teab of people. 161 00:08:34,760 --> 00:08:38,880 Speaker 3: I think the artistic achievement I'm most proud of is 162 00:08:40,000 --> 00:08:45,199 Speaker 3: this movie called Just Friends. We did it in province 163 00:08:45,240 --> 00:08:48,839 Speaker 3: of Canada called Saskatchewan, and it was in the middle 164 00:08:48,880 --> 00:08:52,000 Speaker 3: of winter and it was about fifty below zero. It 165 00:08:52,080 --> 00:08:55,680 Speaker 3: was with Ryan Reynolds and Anna Faris and Amy Smart 166 00:08:55,720 --> 00:08:59,560 Speaker 3: and we workshop the movie like a play. We kind 167 00:08:59,559 --> 00:09:01,680 Speaker 3: of just got together with the writer and we just 168 00:09:01,800 --> 00:09:06,080 Speaker 3: kept reworking the scenes and writing the scenes, and I 169 00:09:06,120 --> 00:09:07,560 Speaker 3: think it showed on the film. 170 00:09:08,120 --> 00:09:10,720 Speaker 4: Hey, Emily, how long do you think it takes to 171 00:09:10,760 --> 00:09:11,480 Speaker 4: make a movie? 172 00:09:11,840 --> 00:09:15,079 Speaker 2: Well, all films are different. It depends on the type 173 00:09:15,120 --> 00:09:19,199 Speaker 2: of film you're making. The average Hollywood feature film takes 174 00:09:19,240 --> 00:09:20,920 Speaker 2: around three months to make. 175 00:09:21,280 --> 00:09:25,320 Speaker 4: Three months. That's longer than my summer vacation. And what 176 00:09:25,480 --> 00:09:27,040 Speaker 4: about the longest film Emily? 177 00:09:27,360 --> 00:09:31,200 Speaker 6: Ooh, are you ready for this one? Twelve years? 178 00:09:31,720 --> 00:09:33,320 Speaker 4: What in which film? 179 00:09:33,520 --> 00:09:37,880 Speaker 2: It's a movie called Boyhood directed by Richard Linklater. He 180 00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:41,120 Speaker 2: filmed a story about a young boy who was growing up, 181 00:09:41,520 --> 00:09:44,440 Speaker 2: So he filmed the actor starting when he was just 182 00:09:44,960 --> 00:09:48,640 Speaker 2: six years old, all the way until he was eighteen. 183 00:09:49,320 --> 00:09:50,360 Speaker 6: Isn't that crazy? 184 00:09:50,679 --> 00:09:51,640 Speaker 4: Oh my gosh. 185 00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:53,560 Speaker 5: I hope they were able to take lots of breaks 186 00:09:53,600 --> 00:09:55,079 Speaker 5: while they were filming that movie. 187 00:09:55,800 --> 00:09:59,959 Speaker 3: I think starting out today, the technology is so amazing, 188 00:10:01,000 --> 00:10:04,920 Speaker 3: even playing with your phone and shooting stuff on it 189 00:10:05,000 --> 00:10:08,080 Speaker 3: right now and you could cut it on iMovie. So 190 00:10:08,280 --> 00:10:12,439 Speaker 3: I would just say start making stuff like today and 191 00:10:12,520 --> 00:10:14,920 Speaker 3: getting comfortable. If you don't want to spend any money. 192 00:10:15,400 --> 00:10:20,319 Speaker 3: You could learn so much on YouTube and just making 193 00:10:20,360 --> 00:10:24,640 Speaker 3: stuff and learning and making mistakes right now without spending 194 00:10:24,679 --> 00:10:28,400 Speaker 3: a dime. And I didn't go to film school. 195 00:10:28,600 --> 00:10:31,760 Speaker 1: You know, if you have the passion, go get your 196 00:10:31,800 --> 00:10:35,200 Speaker 1: phone and go start filming, Go start making stories. 197 00:10:35,920 --> 00:10:37,040 Speaker 4: Wow did you hear that? 198 00:10:37,440 --> 00:10:41,960 Speaker 5: I already have everything I need to make a movie lights, camera, action, 199 00:10:42,240 --> 00:10:45,480 Speaker 5: and now all I need is an idea. 200 00:10:45,679 --> 00:10:48,040 Speaker 6: That's all the time we have today on Growing Up. 201 00:10:48,320 --> 00:10:50,559 Speaker 2: Thanks so much for joining us to learn all about 202 00:10:50,600 --> 00:10:53,760 Speaker 2: what it's like to be a film director. It was 203 00:10:53,800 --> 00:10:56,160 Speaker 2: awesome to hear all about the things it takes to 204 00:10:56,200 --> 00:11:00,560 Speaker 2: make a movie from director Roger Cumble, from choosing actors 205 00:11:00,600 --> 00:11:03,960 Speaker 2: to rehearsing to working with awesome animals on set. 206 00:11:04,320 --> 00:11:08,440 Speaker 6: Film directing sounds like a pretty spectacular job all around. 207 00:11:09,240 --> 00:11:11,880 Speaker 6: Until next time. Thanks for tuning in. 208 00:11:18,400 --> 00:11:23,239 Speaker 7: Trained Celebrity fat. 209 00:11:23,880 --> 00:11:26,760 Speaker 6: To count the star races. 210 00:11:29,720 --> 00:11:34,520 Speaker 7: We can do anything we want. Close your eyes, you 211 00:11:34,880 --> 00:11:54,400 Speaker 7: see it. You have to lead. 212 00:11:58,880 --> 00:12:01,959 Speaker 5: Growing Up is a link of Kid's original podcast produced 213 00:12:01,960 --> 00:12:07,560 Speaker 5: by Paradiso Media, starring Emily Callendrelli as herself and Brock Powell. 214 00:12:07,360 --> 00:12:08,720 Speaker 4: That's Me as Winston. 215 00:12:09,120 --> 00:12:15,000 Speaker 5: Executive producers are Emmy Norris, Ben Wattenegg, Lorenzo Benedetti, and 216 00:12:15,080 --> 00:12:19,840 Speaker 5: Louis Debussy. Supervising producer is agate Busette. Produced by Abby 217 00:12:19,880 --> 00:12:23,920 Speaker 5: McNeil with support from Mall O'Keefe and Amy Fconie. Head 218 00:12:23,920 --> 00:12:28,360 Speaker 5: writer is Blake Knight, Associate producer is Brendan Gaalbreth, and 219 00:12:28,440 --> 00:12:31,200 Speaker 5: production coordinators are Matty Weinberg. 220 00:12:30,920 --> 00:12:32,040 Speaker 4: And Lucien Dorso. 221 00:12:32,760 --> 00:12:37,760 Speaker 5: Editor is Jule Benveniste, with additional editing by Tao Alberic. 222 00:12:38,400 --> 00:12:40,880 Speaker 4: Our theme song is written and composed. 223 00:12:40,360 --> 00:12:44,760 Speaker 5: By Frederica Stahl, produced by Dimitri Pirono, and performed by 224 00:12:44,760 --> 00:12:48,800 Speaker 5: the Angel City Youth Corral directed by Heather Catalina. Recording 225 00:12:48,840 --> 00:12:52,400 Speaker 5: engineers are Bill Trusdale at Audio Vision and Jason. 226 00:12:52,040 --> 00:12:53,560 Speaker 4: Shimmel at Bunker Studios. 227 00:12:53,880 --> 00:12:58,720 Speaker 5: Videography by Andrew Lemon and photography by Kimberley Delameter. Legal 228 00:12:58,760 --> 00:13:04,040 Speaker 5: services performed by Lisa Nati, Lugian Nissoul and Alex Dajentre. 229 00:13:04,760 --> 00:13:10,120 Speaker 5: Special thanks to yaelle ivanor winfred Niser, James O'Keefe and 230 00:13:10,240 --> 00:13:12,480 Speaker 5: all of the amazing guests who joined us in Season 231 00:13:12,520 --> 00:13:15,920 Speaker 5: two of Growing Up, and of course the entire Linger 232 00:13:16,040 --> 00:13:17,440 Speaker 5: Kids team. 233 00:13:17,600 --> 00:13:18,480 Speaker 4: Thanks for listening.