1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,239 Speaker 1: Hey, history enthusiasts, you get not one, but two events 2 00:00:03,240 --> 00:00:05,800 Speaker 1: in history today. Heads up that you also might hear 3 00:00:05,840 --> 00:00:09,760 Speaker 1: two different hosts, me and Tracy V. Wilson. With that said, 4 00:00:09,880 --> 00:00:13,360 Speaker 1: on with the show. Welcome to this Day in History 5 00:00:13,400 --> 00:00:15,960 Speaker 1: Class from how Stuff Works dot Com and from the 6 00:00:15,960 --> 00:00:18,200 Speaker 1: desk of Stuff You Missed in History Class. It's the 7 00:00:18,200 --> 00:00:20,439 Speaker 1: show where we explore the past one day at a 8 00:00:20,480 --> 00:00:27,840 Speaker 1: time with a quick look at what happened today in history. Hello, 9 00:00:27,880 --> 00:00:30,000 Speaker 1: I'm Holly Fry and I am sitting in this week 10 00:00:30,040 --> 00:00:34,479 Speaker 1: for Tracy V. Wilson. It's December and today we are 11 00:00:34,520 --> 00:00:37,760 Speaker 1: talking about an event that happened in which is the 12 00:00:37,800 --> 00:00:43,000 Speaker 1: first paid public screening of Lumier Brothers films. Auguste and 13 00:00:43,040 --> 00:00:46,200 Speaker 1: Louis Lumier were brothers born two years apart in eighteen 14 00:00:46,240 --> 00:00:50,199 Speaker 1: sixty two in eighteen sixty four, and they were prolific inventors. 15 00:00:50,520 --> 00:00:53,520 Speaker 1: Their legacy is most closely tied to early film history, 16 00:00:53,560 --> 00:00:56,840 Speaker 1: although they worked in a number of mediums. The Lumier's, 17 00:00:56,880 --> 00:01:00,480 Speaker 1: who lived in Lyon, France, worked in the family photography business, 18 00:01:01,240 --> 00:01:03,440 Speaker 1: and in the early eighteen eighties, at the age of 19 00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:07,640 Speaker 1: just seventeen, Louis invented a photographic plate. It's called a 20 00:01:07,640 --> 00:01:10,640 Speaker 1: blue label plate or a dry plate, and that plate 21 00:01:10,720 --> 00:01:14,560 Speaker 1: reduced the need for dark room development of images. That 22 00:01:14,600 --> 00:01:18,480 Speaker 1: plate also drove a massive expansion of the family business. 23 00:01:18,880 --> 00:01:21,520 Speaker 1: It made the Lumier's quite wealthy, and it made the 24 00:01:21,600 --> 00:01:26,600 Speaker 1: name Lumier synonymous with photography. Their father, Antoine, who was 25 00:01:26,640 --> 00:01:30,399 Speaker 1: still running the family business, wisely set aside a portion 26 00:01:30,440 --> 00:01:34,280 Speaker 1: of the company's profit to fund ongoing research and experimentation. 27 00:01:35,360 --> 00:01:39,240 Speaker 1: So later, when Antoine saw one of Thomas Edison's kinetoscope 28 00:01:39,240 --> 00:01:43,000 Speaker 1: machines in Paris in the mid eight nineties, he immediately 29 00:01:43,120 --> 00:01:46,200 Speaker 1: talked to his son's about developing a process to make 30 00:01:46,240 --> 00:01:49,480 Speaker 1: the film that was used in the kinetoscope, because Antoine 31 00:01:49,480 --> 00:01:51,920 Speaker 1: thought that they could once again make a huge profit 32 00:01:51,960 --> 00:01:55,080 Speaker 1: for the family business if they became the suppliers of 33 00:01:55,160 --> 00:01:58,640 Speaker 1: film in France. But to figure out how to make 34 00:01:58,720 --> 00:02:01,000 Speaker 1: that film with the whole was punched in the sign 35 00:02:01,040 --> 00:02:04,000 Speaker 1: that was run through a kinetoscope. The Lumire brothers also 36 00:02:04,040 --> 00:02:06,520 Speaker 1: had to figure out how to make a camera and 37 00:02:06,600 --> 00:02:10,400 Speaker 1: that proved something of a difficult task, but eventually it 38 00:02:10,520 --> 00:02:13,240 Speaker 1: was thinking about a sewing machine that gave Louis the 39 00:02:13,280 --> 00:02:16,360 Speaker 1: inspiration he needed to solve their main problem, and that 40 00:02:16,400 --> 00:02:19,360 Speaker 1: was getting the film to advance. So by mimicking the 41 00:02:19,440 --> 00:02:22,600 Speaker 1: mechanations of a sewing machine, he was able to alter 42 00:02:22,639 --> 00:02:26,200 Speaker 1: a camera and with that problem solved, the brother's next 43 00:02:26,240 --> 00:02:29,359 Speaker 1: turned to figuring out how to print film from negatives 44 00:02:29,440 --> 00:02:32,600 Speaker 1: and then how to show those prints to people, and 45 00:02:32,639 --> 00:02:35,440 Speaker 1: they opted to go counter to the kinetoscope, which was 46 00:02:35,840 --> 00:02:39,639 Speaker 1: viewable only by one person at a time. Louis wanted 47 00:02:39,680 --> 00:02:44,200 Speaker 1: an audience, and so he developed the idea of film projection. Now, 48 00:02:44,240 --> 00:02:47,320 Speaker 1: all of those functions that Louis Lumier invented and his 49 00:02:47,360 --> 00:02:51,160 Speaker 1: brother also worked on the film advancement processing, a film 50 00:02:51,240 --> 00:02:55,079 Speaker 1: and projection were all integrated into one machine that they 51 00:02:55,120 --> 00:02:58,520 Speaker 1: called a cinematograph, for which the brothers first filed a 52 00:02:58,560 --> 00:03:03,320 Speaker 1: patent on February third, teen eight. A little over a 53 00:03:03,360 --> 00:03:06,760 Speaker 1: month later, on March nineteenth of eighteen nine, the Lumier's 54 00:03:06,919 --> 00:03:10,160 Speaker 1: began making short films with their invention, and by short, 55 00:03:10,200 --> 00:03:13,640 Speaker 1: I mean really short. They tended to run about fifty 56 00:03:13,680 --> 00:03:16,800 Speaker 1: seconds each, so not even a minute. The first film 57 00:03:16,840 --> 00:03:20,840 Speaker 1: they made, Las Sortie des Euxine's Lumier, but some workers 58 00:03:20,919 --> 00:03:24,320 Speaker 1: leaving the Loumier Factory was simply a capture of their 59 00:03:24,320 --> 00:03:26,680 Speaker 1: employees leaving their work at the end of the work day, 60 00:03:27,680 --> 00:03:30,519 Speaker 1: and the Lumier films generally were not narrative in nature, 61 00:03:30,960 --> 00:03:33,240 Speaker 1: just as that first film, they almost always were just 62 00:03:33,360 --> 00:03:37,000 Speaker 1: moments out of real life captured on film documentary style. 63 00:03:38,200 --> 00:03:41,320 Speaker 1: At the end of the year, on December five, at 64 00:03:41,360 --> 00:03:45,360 Speaker 1: the Salon Indiene Dublins Cafe in Paris, Auguste and Louis 65 00:03:45,480 --> 00:03:48,360 Speaker 1: screened their films for a paying audience for the first time. 66 00:03:49,240 --> 00:03:51,520 Speaker 1: They ran ten films, so it sounds a little like 67 00:03:51,560 --> 00:03:54,280 Speaker 1: a film festival, but it was still very short because 68 00:03:54,280 --> 00:03:57,920 Speaker 1: each of those films ran about fifty seconds. This is 69 00:03:57,960 --> 00:04:00,760 Speaker 1: the first known instance of films being shown to a 70 00:04:00,840 --> 00:04:04,000 Speaker 1: paying audience. There were thirty four people in the crown 71 00:04:04,520 --> 00:04:08,520 Speaker 1: and each of them had paid one franc The Lumier's 72 00:04:08,560 --> 00:04:11,800 Speaker 1: most famous film, though, was not made until after this presentation. 73 00:04:12,680 --> 00:04:14,800 Speaker 1: One of their films which gained a lot of attention 74 00:04:14,840 --> 00:04:18,440 Speaker 1: early on was The Arrival of a Train at Ciota Station. 75 00:04:19,200 --> 00:04:22,520 Speaker 1: This particular film features, as the title suggests, a train 76 00:04:22,839 --> 00:04:26,000 Speaker 1: pulling into a station, and from the perspective of the viewer, 77 00:04:26,120 --> 00:04:29,480 Speaker 1: that train is coming down the tracks right toward them. 78 00:04:29,560 --> 00:04:32,480 Speaker 1: The initial audience reaction to this film is one of 79 00:04:32,520 --> 00:04:34,960 Speaker 1: those items in history that's a matter of some debate. 80 00:04:35,720 --> 00:04:39,120 Speaker 1: Some accounts claim that the audience was terrified by the experience, 81 00:04:39,160 --> 00:04:42,400 Speaker 1: and they screamed and even fled, but other accounts indicate 82 00:04:42,440 --> 00:04:46,000 Speaker 1: that there was really a more subdued reaction. The panicked 83 00:04:46,040 --> 00:04:48,760 Speaker 1: reaction version, of course, has gained some traction over the 84 00:04:48,839 --> 00:04:52,719 Speaker 1: years just by virtue of being a juicier story. The 85 00:04:52,800 --> 00:04:56,760 Speaker 1: Lumier's briefly started a business making and distributing films, but 86 00:04:56,800 --> 00:04:59,799 Speaker 1: they eventually moved on from moving pictures to other endeavors, 87 00:05:00,160 --> 00:05:04,159 Speaker 1: including developing an early system for color photography, while men 88 00:05:04,240 --> 00:05:08,040 Speaker 1: like George Milies took film and ran with it. If 89 00:05:08,040 --> 00:05:10,200 Speaker 1: you'd like to learn more about the Lumier brothers, Good 90 00:05:10,240 --> 00:05:12,840 Speaker 1: News Stuff you Missed in History Class has a two 91 00:05:12,920 --> 00:05:17,440 Speaker 1: partner on them, which originally aired in November of I 92 00:05:17,480 --> 00:05:20,160 Speaker 1: want to thank Casey Pegram and Chandler Mains for their 93 00:05:20,200 --> 00:05:22,560 Speaker 1: work on the audio for this podcast, and if you 94 00:05:22,800 --> 00:05:25,320 Speaker 1: would like to, and you should, you can subscribe to 95 00:05:25,360 --> 00:05:28,359 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class on Apple Podcasts, the I 96 00:05:28,480 --> 00:05:32,719 Speaker 1: Heart Radio app, and anywhere you get podcasts. Tomorrow's topic 97 00:05:32,800 --> 00:05:36,239 Speaker 1: turns from entertainment, unfortunately to a more serious and tragic 98 00:05:36,279 --> 00:05:39,480 Speaker 1: event that actually took place five years before the Lumier's 99 00:05:39,520 --> 00:05:50,919 Speaker 1: first paid film presentation. Hi everyone, I'm Eves. Welcome to 100 00:05:51,000 --> 00:05:53,679 Speaker 1: this Day and History Class, a show that will convince 101 00:05:53,720 --> 00:05:56,919 Speaker 1: you that history can be fascinating even when you expect 102 00:05:56,960 --> 00:06:08,200 Speaker 1: it not to be. The day was December nineteen o 103 00:06:08,400 --> 00:06:13,800 Speaker 1: three American jazz musician Earl Hines was born. Hines was 104 00:06:13,839 --> 00:06:18,160 Speaker 1: born in Duquesne, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh. His family 105 00:06:18,240 --> 00:06:21,679 Speaker 1: was steeped in music. His mother played the organ and piano. 106 00:06:22,200 --> 00:06:24,960 Speaker 1: His father played the coordinet with the Eureka Brass Band. 107 00:06:25,400 --> 00:06:28,640 Speaker 1: His sister, Nancy played the organ, his brother played piano, 108 00:06:29,200 --> 00:06:33,040 Speaker 1: His aunt sang light opera, and his uncle played brass instruments. 109 00:06:34,200 --> 00:06:37,719 Speaker 1: Hines began taking piano lessons early on, and he worked 110 00:06:37,800 --> 00:06:41,479 Speaker 1: towards the goal of becoming a concert pianist. When he 111 00:06:41,520 --> 00:06:43,839 Speaker 1: was in high school, he moved to Pittsburgh, where he 112 00:06:43,920 --> 00:06:47,000 Speaker 1: lived with his aunt. There he fell in love with jazz. 113 00:06:47,520 --> 00:06:50,440 Speaker 1: In his own music, he turned away from classical music 114 00:06:50,480 --> 00:06:54,000 Speaker 1: and towards jazz. As a teenager, he formed a trio 115 00:06:54,120 --> 00:06:57,240 Speaker 1: with a violinist and a drummer. The group played at 116 00:06:57,279 --> 00:07:01,480 Speaker 1: high school events, church socials, and night clubs. Since Hines 117 00:07:01,600 --> 00:07:04,240 Speaker 1: still had to go to school, his schedule was taxing, 118 00:07:04,720 --> 00:07:07,520 Speaker 1: so he left school at age sixteen to pursue his 119 00:07:07,600 --> 00:07:12,920 Speaker 1: career in jazz. In Haines began working at the Leader House, 120 00:07:13,040 --> 00:07:16,560 Speaker 1: a nightclub, with singer and band leader Lois B. Deppie. 121 00:07:17,080 --> 00:07:21,200 Speaker 1: The band went to Ohio, West Virginia, and New York City, 122 00:07:21,320 --> 00:07:24,320 Speaker 1: and while he played with Debbie's band, Hines developed his 123 00:07:24,400 --> 00:07:27,640 Speaker 1: own style. He created a technique of playing a melody 124 00:07:27,680 --> 00:07:31,520 Speaker 1: in octaves that was known as the trumpet style. In nine, 125 00:07:32,360 --> 00:07:35,200 Speaker 1: he went to Richmond, Indiana, where he had his first 126 00:07:35,280 --> 00:07:39,119 Speaker 1: recording sessions with Deppie, But the next year Hines left 127 00:07:39,160 --> 00:07:43,280 Speaker 1: Debbie and led his own band, which included saxophonist Binny Carter. 128 00:07:44,360 --> 00:07:47,080 Speaker 1: But soon he moved to Chicago, which had a big 129 00:07:47,200 --> 00:07:50,520 Speaker 1: jazz scene. In the city, he met people like Louis Armstrong, 130 00:07:50,760 --> 00:07:55,400 Speaker 1: Jelly Roll Morton, and Binny Goodman. Hines, Armstrong and drummer 131 00:07:55,520 --> 00:07:59,840 Speaker 1: Zudi Singleton began playing regularly at the Sunset Cafe. When 132 00:07:59,840 --> 00:08:03,840 Speaker 1: the club temporarily closed in nine, the band broke up 133 00:08:03,880 --> 00:08:07,120 Speaker 1: and Hines began playing at the Apex Club with clarinetis 134 00:08:07,200 --> 00:08:11,960 Speaker 1: Jimmy Noon. The next year, Hines was on several recordings 135 00:08:12,000 --> 00:08:15,520 Speaker 1: that included some with Louis Armstrong's Hot five and Hot seven. 136 00:08:16,200 --> 00:08:19,600 Speaker 1: Hines's piano style was notable on these recordings, and he 137 00:08:19,640 --> 00:08:22,440 Speaker 1: began to be viewed as not just a talented musician, 138 00:08:22,800 --> 00:08:27,160 Speaker 1: but as a jazz innovator. Hines also recorded a series 139 00:08:27,200 --> 00:08:33,960 Speaker 1: of piano solos in that December, Hines began leading a 140 00:08:34,000 --> 00:08:37,600 Speaker 1: big band at the Grand Terrorist Ballroom. They worked every 141 00:08:37,679 --> 00:08:40,720 Speaker 1: day of the week, and they spent months touring every year. 142 00:08:41,320 --> 00:08:43,760 Speaker 1: The band also got a lot of airtime on the radio, 143 00:08:44,000 --> 00:08:48,600 Speaker 1: helping popularize them outside of Chicago. When Hines lectured one 144 00:08:48,760 --> 00:08:52,160 Speaker 1: radio announcer on drinking, the announcer gave him the nickname Father, 145 00:08:52,600 --> 00:08:55,280 Speaker 1: and it stuck, even though Hines didn't like the moniker. 146 00:08:56,440 --> 00:08:59,160 Speaker 1: Haines stayed at the Grand Terrast for eleven years and 147 00:08:59,200 --> 00:09:02,280 Speaker 1: recorded a lot with the band. He left with the 148 00:09:02,280 --> 00:09:06,920 Speaker 1: band in nineteen forty, feeling exploited and underpaid. Over the 149 00:09:06,960 --> 00:09:10,200 Speaker 1: next few decades, he was involved in various ventures. He 150 00:09:10,320 --> 00:09:13,440 Speaker 1: played with the Louis Armstrong All Stars. He played at 151 00:09:13,480 --> 00:09:17,040 Speaker 1: the club Hangover in San Francisco for five years, and 152 00:09:17,120 --> 00:09:19,640 Speaker 1: he opened a club in Oakland in nineteen sixty three, 153 00:09:19,920 --> 00:09:23,599 Speaker 1: but that didn't last long. He played three solo concerts 154 00:09:23,679 --> 00:09:26,240 Speaker 1: at the Little Theater in New York in nineteen sixty four, 155 00:09:26,679 --> 00:09:29,800 Speaker 1: and he toured the world, including dates in the Soviet 156 00:09:29,880 --> 00:09:32,400 Speaker 1: Union on a tour for the U. S. State Department. 157 00:09:33,480 --> 00:09:36,959 Speaker 1: Hanes played the piano until just before his death, even 158 00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:39,720 Speaker 1: though he had been dealing with arthritis and heart problems. 159 00:09:40,800 --> 00:09:44,199 Speaker 1: He played his last gig in San Francisco just before 160 00:09:44,240 --> 00:09:48,360 Speaker 1: he died in Oakland in April of nineteen eighty three. 161 00:09:49,040 --> 00:09:52,560 Speaker 1: Many people consider Haynes the father of modern jazz piano playing. 162 00:09:54,040 --> 00:09:56,760 Speaker 1: I'm Eave Jeffcote and hopefully you know a little more 163 00:09:56,800 --> 00:09:59,959 Speaker 1: about history today than you did it yesterday. You can 164 00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:02,920 Speaker 1: to find us on social media at t d I 165 00:10:03,160 --> 00:10:08,880 Speaker 1: h C Podcast on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. Email still works. 166 00:10:09,120 --> 00:10:11,200 Speaker 1: Send us a note at this day at I heeart 167 00:10:11,280 --> 00:10:14,840 Speaker 1: media dot com. Thanks again for listening and we'll see 168 00:10:14,840 --> 00:10:26,280 Speaker 1: you tomorrow. For more podcasts from My Heart Radio, visit 169 00:10:26,280 --> 00:10:28,800 Speaker 1: the I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you 170 00:10:28,800 --> 00:10:29,960 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows.