1 00:00:08,920 --> 00:00:11,520 Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to Savor Prediction of iHeartRadio. I'm Annie 2 00:00:11,880 --> 00:00:12,520 Speaker 1: and I'm Lauren. 3 00:00:12,440 --> 00:00:14,560 Speaker 2: Bubble Bum, and today we have an episode for you 4 00:00:14,640 --> 00:00:15,440 Speaker 2: about Panier. 5 00:00:16,720 --> 00:00:22,119 Speaker 1: Yes, I love Premiere. Was there any particular reason this 6 00:00:22,280 --> 00:00:25,280 Speaker 1: was on your mind, Lauren, I don't think so. 7 00:00:25,600 --> 00:00:27,080 Speaker 2: I think this was one of the ones that it's 8 00:00:27,120 --> 00:00:28,840 Speaker 2: just been on the list forever, and I was like, 9 00:00:28,880 --> 00:00:30,320 Speaker 2: maybe today is the day for Preenier. 10 00:00:30,480 --> 00:00:34,280 Speaker 1: Let's go always the day for panieer. 11 00:00:34,440 --> 00:00:38,400 Speaker 2: Oh my opinion so delicious, it's so good. I don't 12 00:00:38,520 --> 00:00:42,280 Speaker 2: have any right now to obtain some. I just had 13 00:00:42,320 --> 00:00:44,960 Speaker 2: someone like Saturday. But now I'm like, why didn't I 14 00:00:45,080 --> 00:00:45,600 Speaker 2: have more? 15 00:00:47,800 --> 00:00:50,640 Speaker 1: I was I was bragging to Lauren before this. I 16 00:00:50,800 --> 00:00:54,240 Speaker 1: made a Premier dish recently, so I have some, and 17 00:00:54,360 --> 00:00:57,360 Speaker 1: after this that's going to be my lunch. And I'm 18 00:00:57,440 --> 00:01:00,240 Speaker 1: very excited. I'm excited for you and only a little 19 00:01:00,240 --> 00:01:03,480 Speaker 1: bit mad. Oh my gosh, she'd be mad. I would 20 00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:07,080 Speaker 1: be mad. I got really entrepreneur a couple of years 21 00:01:07,120 --> 00:01:11,720 Speaker 1: ago because my little brother is vegetarian, and so he 22 00:01:11,720 --> 00:01:13,160 Speaker 1: he would come over like once a month and we 23 00:01:13,160 --> 00:01:15,680 Speaker 1: would do video game nights and we would get a 24 00:01:15,720 --> 00:01:19,080 Speaker 1: lot of Indian food and I just became so I 25 00:01:19,120 --> 00:01:23,640 Speaker 1: loved peer Yeah, and I started to find it. I 26 00:01:23,720 --> 00:01:25,760 Speaker 1: started to look for it in grocery stores. It's not 27 00:01:26,240 --> 00:01:30,160 Speaker 1: super easy to find at walkable grocery stores for me, 28 00:01:30,240 --> 00:01:32,600 Speaker 1: which people who know me, I like to walk everywhere. 29 00:01:33,840 --> 00:01:35,440 Speaker 1: And in fact, one time I bought it at my 30 00:01:35,480 --> 00:01:37,319 Speaker 1: local grocery store and the woman who was checking me 31 00:01:37,319 --> 00:01:38,880 Speaker 1: out was from India and she was like, no, you 32 00:01:38,880 --> 00:01:40,480 Speaker 1: should just make it. You should just make it. Why 33 00:01:40,480 --> 00:01:44,200 Speaker 1: are you by? Why are you doing this? But I 34 00:01:44,200 --> 00:01:46,920 Speaker 1: I love it. I usually fried up and I make 35 00:01:48,120 --> 00:01:52,040 Speaker 1: a Pollack prenier or sag preneur, that's my favorite. But 36 00:01:52,120 --> 00:01:55,800 Speaker 1: this time I have Teaka Masala and it's it's pretty 37 00:01:55,800 --> 00:01:58,080 Speaker 1: good and I love the we'll talk about it more later, 38 00:01:58,240 --> 00:02:01,280 Speaker 1: but I love the texture and how it absorbs flavors 39 00:02:01,280 --> 00:02:09,840 Speaker 1: but has a different flavor in the center. Yes, yes, no, 40 00:02:10,040 --> 00:02:14,520 Speaker 1: I love this. You've clearly given it some thought. Yeah, 41 00:02:14,520 --> 00:02:17,160 Speaker 1: this was a nice It was a nice episode to 42 00:02:17,240 --> 00:02:19,520 Speaker 1: do where I had it before, And so I was 43 00:02:19,560 --> 00:02:22,600 Speaker 1: thinking while I was eating it, like what is it 44 00:02:22,639 --> 00:02:25,160 Speaker 1: I love about this? So I did put some thought 45 00:02:25,200 --> 00:02:25,600 Speaker 1: into it. 46 00:02:26,280 --> 00:02:29,720 Speaker 2: I mean thought into cheese is something that we both 47 00:02:29,840 --> 00:02:30,679 Speaker 2: do a lot. 48 00:02:30,680 --> 00:02:35,280 Speaker 1: So could be an alternate title for this show should 49 00:02:35,280 --> 00:02:37,200 Speaker 1: be it should. 50 00:02:36,919 --> 00:02:44,560 Speaker 2: Be Oh well, you can see our previous episodes on 51 00:02:44,800 --> 00:02:48,880 Speaker 2: Tika Masala Ghi maybe Masala Chai for a little bit 52 00:02:48,880 --> 00:02:53,240 Speaker 2: more about the dairy industry and some of the foods 53 00:02:53,280 --> 00:02:54,160 Speaker 2: from this area. 54 00:02:55,680 --> 00:03:01,440 Speaker 1: Yes, but I guess that brings us to our question. Panier. 55 00:03:04,720 --> 00:03:06,840 Speaker 1: What is it? Well? 56 00:03:07,240 --> 00:03:10,280 Speaker 2: Panier is a type of fresh cheese made from buffalo 57 00:03:10,400 --> 00:03:13,840 Speaker 2: or cow milk, usually that's set with acid and pressed 58 00:03:13,840 --> 00:03:17,320 Speaker 2: into slabs that can range from like soft and spongy 59 00:03:17,480 --> 00:03:21,000 Speaker 2: to firm and bouncy, but will always be like a bright, 60 00:03:21,080 --> 00:03:25,000 Speaker 2: creamy white in color and mild and like milky, nutty 61 00:03:25,000 --> 00:03:27,280 Speaker 2: sweet in flavor with just a little bit of tartness. 62 00:03:27,720 --> 00:03:30,160 Speaker 2: Panier does not melt easily, so a block of it 63 00:03:30,240 --> 00:03:31,840 Speaker 2: or or chunks of it can be cooked the way 64 00:03:31,840 --> 00:03:35,320 Speaker 2: that you would cook like meat or firm tofu bybe searring, 65 00:03:35,480 --> 00:03:40,280 Speaker 2: sauteg grilling, frying. It can be marinated or spice coated. 66 00:03:40,720 --> 00:03:45,000 Speaker 2: It's often served as the protein component in like savory 67 00:03:45,120 --> 00:03:49,440 Speaker 2: snacks or vegetable dishes, in stews or sauces, or on skewers, 68 00:03:49,760 --> 00:03:53,440 Speaker 2: as a filling in breads and fried snacks, but it 69 00:03:53,480 --> 00:03:56,600 Speaker 2: can be used in sweet dishes too, like puddings or cheesecakes. 70 00:03:57,520 --> 00:04:00,560 Speaker 2: It's it's just real nice because it's it's a very 71 00:04:01,000 --> 00:04:04,560 Speaker 2: gentle flavor and a slightly chewy texture that's a great 72 00:04:04,680 --> 00:04:09,000 Speaker 2: base for strong flavors and a good contrast to other textures. 73 00:04:09,680 --> 00:04:13,280 Speaker 2: It's just so satisfying. It's like it's like sinking down 74 00:04:13,360 --> 00:04:19,480 Speaker 2: into a really good pillow or couch. Mm hmmm, yes, 75 00:04:20,080 --> 00:04:21,200 Speaker 2: a good couch. 76 00:04:22,560 --> 00:04:26,320 Speaker 1: Yeah, and like every time you forget how amazing this 77 00:04:26,480 --> 00:04:29,360 Speaker 1: couch is. Yeah. 78 00:04:29,720 --> 00:04:33,279 Speaker 2: Yeah, I'm like furniture shopping right now. So this is 79 00:04:33,320 --> 00:04:36,040 Speaker 2: a thing that this is another thing that's very present 80 00:04:36,120 --> 00:04:37,560 Speaker 2: in my mind. 81 00:04:40,240 --> 00:04:40,720 Speaker 1: Anyway. 82 00:04:41,440 --> 00:04:44,799 Speaker 2: Okay, So buffalo milk is sort of preferred for making 83 00:04:44,839 --> 00:04:48,080 Speaker 2: paneer because it contains more fat and protein and calcium 84 00:04:48,080 --> 00:04:50,479 Speaker 2: than cow milk, which helps with the texture and the flavor. 85 00:04:51,240 --> 00:04:53,640 Speaker 2: Also because buffalo are common in South Asia, which is 86 00:04:53,640 --> 00:04:59,320 Speaker 2: where paneer is from. But okay, cheese cheese one oh, 87 00:04:59,360 --> 00:05:02,600 Speaker 2: one yes is a way to collect and preserve the 88 00:05:02,720 --> 00:05:06,560 Speaker 2: nutritious fats and proteins and stuff that's in milk and 89 00:05:06,600 --> 00:05:09,280 Speaker 2: to make them extra tasty at the same time, and 90 00:05:09,360 --> 00:05:12,600 Speaker 2: luckily for us, that is relatively easy to do because 91 00:05:12,640 --> 00:05:17,480 Speaker 2: of the structure of milk. So milk is made up 92 00:05:17,600 --> 00:05:21,720 Speaker 2: of proteins and fats and water and some other smaller 93 00:05:21,720 --> 00:05:24,279 Speaker 2: bits of stuff like vitamins and minerals that are that 94 00:05:24,320 --> 00:05:27,359 Speaker 2: are dissolved in either the fats or the water, and 95 00:05:27,400 --> 00:05:30,480 Speaker 2: fats and water don't usually like to mix. The reason 96 00:05:30,520 --> 00:05:33,279 Speaker 2: that they are mixed together in milk is that milks 97 00:05:33,400 --> 00:05:36,919 Speaker 2: proteins like wrap themselves around little globs of fat and 98 00:05:36,960 --> 00:05:40,080 Speaker 2: then evenly disperse themselves through the water. 99 00:05:40,760 --> 00:05:41,360 Speaker 1: They do this. 100 00:05:41,279 --> 00:05:44,400 Speaker 2: Because they have a negative charge. So each little bundle 101 00:05:44,480 --> 00:05:47,840 Speaker 2: repels the other little bundles the way that magnets will 102 00:05:47,880 --> 00:05:49,640 Speaker 2: repel each other if you try to push two of 103 00:05:49,680 --> 00:05:53,560 Speaker 2: the same end together. Yeah, so all you have to 104 00:05:53,600 --> 00:05:57,159 Speaker 2: do to collect the fats and proteins in milk is 105 00:05:57,279 --> 00:06:01,760 Speaker 2: neutralized that charge, and then they'll start sticking together. And 106 00:06:01,800 --> 00:06:04,479 Speaker 2: you can do this by adding an acid of some kind. 107 00:06:04,920 --> 00:06:07,159 Speaker 2: In the case of peneir, you might add lactic acid 108 00:06:07,240 --> 00:06:09,320 Speaker 2: or citric acid, or at home, maybe a little bit 109 00:06:09,320 --> 00:06:12,000 Speaker 2: of like lemon or lime juice, and that will make 110 00:06:12,040 --> 00:06:15,520 Speaker 2: the fats and proteins clump up into curds and separate themselves. 111 00:06:15,560 --> 00:06:17,960 Speaker 2: Out from the water and stuff, which is the way 112 00:06:19,440 --> 00:06:22,520 Speaker 2: pineer is made by heating milk all the way up 113 00:06:22,560 --> 00:06:25,360 Speaker 2: to about like ninety degrees celsius that's one hundred and 114 00:06:25,440 --> 00:06:28,640 Speaker 2: ninety four fahrenheit, like near to boiling, and then reducing 115 00:06:28,720 --> 00:06:32,000 Speaker 2: the temperature a bit and adding an acid to spur coagulation. 116 00:06:32,960 --> 00:06:35,040 Speaker 2: The heat will help to get some of the way 117 00:06:35,080 --> 00:06:38,680 Speaker 2: proteins and the calcium phosphate that's in the way to 118 00:06:38,800 --> 00:06:41,280 Speaker 2: stick in with the curds. Normally they'd be washed out 119 00:06:41,279 --> 00:06:44,400 Speaker 2: with the way. Also that the combination of acid and 120 00:06:44,440 --> 00:06:49,120 Speaker 2: heat sets the proteins in the curds relatively firm, relatively 121 00:06:49,160 --> 00:06:51,520 Speaker 2: firmly in these bonds that will carry through to the 122 00:06:51,520 --> 00:06:54,839 Speaker 2: finished cheese and help with that texture. The curds are 123 00:06:54,839 --> 00:06:57,200 Speaker 2: then removed from the way and pressed into hoops with 124 00:06:57,320 --> 00:07:00,400 Speaker 2: cheese cloth, using some heavy weights to remove even more 125 00:07:00,560 --> 00:07:02,479 Speaker 2: of the way for a final texture that is yes 126 00:07:02,520 --> 00:07:06,680 Speaker 2: anywhere from soft to very firm. It's then packaged and 127 00:07:06,800 --> 00:07:09,800 Speaker 2: used fresh. Since it's not aged, it maintains that soft, 128 00:07:09,840 --> 00:07:12,520 Speaker 2: springy texture. That also means that it doesn't keep for 129 00:07:12,560 --> 00:07:16,160 Speaker 2: extremely long. It is pretty easy to make it home 130 00:07:16,360 --> 00:07:18,800 Speaker 2: from what I've read not tried it myself now, I 131 00:07:18,880 --> 00:07:22,040 Speaker 2: really want to. But these days there are all kinds 132 00:07:22,080 --> 00:07:25,680 Speaker 2: of pineer on the market, particularly around the Indian subcontinent, 133 00:07:26,320 --> 00:07:31,080 Speaker 2: made from buffalo cow soy, low fat milk, different flavorings 134 00:07:31,120 --> 00:07:33,920 Speaker 2: like spices or herbs or fruit juice, mixed in different 135 00:07:33,960 --> 00:07:37,480 Speaker 2: degrees of firmness. If you do buy some and you 136 00:07:37,600 --> 00:07:40,960 Speaker 2: find it's sort of stiff and rubbery like bouncy, yes, 137 00:07:41,120 --> 00:07:44,240 Speaker 2: rubbery is not what you're really looking for. The fix 138 00:07:44,360 --> 00:07:48,320 Speaker 2: for that is to, okay, two steps, a pan fry 139 00:07:48,360 --> 00:07:51,520 Speaker 2: it until it's nice and golden brown, and then soak 140 00:07:51,600 --> 00:07:54,280 Speaker 2: that fried Panier in water or like a water based 141 00:07:54,360 --> 00:07:57,840 Speaker 2: marinade for about half an hour. The frying will loosen 142 00:07:57,920 --> 00:08:01,440 Speaker 2: the matrix of proteins of of the cheese and allow 143 00:08:01,520 --> 00:08:09,320 Speaker 2: it to sponge up liquid, making it more tender. Yes, yes, 144 00:08:10,920 --> 00:08:13,280 Speaker 2: and he's just just shaking her head in like fond 145 00:08:13,360 --> 00:08:15,320 Speaker 2: remembrance of Panier's past. 146 00:08:17,320 --> 00:08:19,160 Speaker 1: Like literally last night. 147 00:08:23,120 --> 00:08:25,400 Speaker 2: But yeah, it is served in all dang kinds of 148 00:08:25,400 --> 00:08:27,760 Speaker 2: dishes because right, it holds up to heat so well, 149 00:08:27,840 --> 00:08:31,680 Speaker 2: and especially in vegetarian cuisines, because the texture is springing 150 00:08:31,720 --> 00:08:32,960 Speaker 2: and chewing and satisfying. 151 00:08:34,480 --> 00:08:39,240 Speaker 1: Indeed, well, what about the nutrition. 152 00:08:39,520 --> 00:08:43,200 Speaker 2: You know, cheeses are concentrations of fats and proteins and milk, 153 00:08:43,280 --> 00:08:45,640 Speaker 2: so Panier has good amounts of those along with the 154 00:08:45,679 --> 00:08:47,280 Speaker 2: good smattering of micronutrients. 155 00:08:47,440 --> 00:08:49,240 Speaker 1: It will fill you up and help keep you going. 156 00:08:49,280 --> 00:08:51,559 Speaker 2: But you know, like I would watch your portion sizes 157 00:08:51,640 --> 00:08:52,840 Speaker 2: eat a vegetable. 158 00:08:53,640 --> 00:08:55,960 Speaker 1: I have to say, Panier is really filling. A lot 159 00:08:56,000 --> 00:08:59,520 Speaker 1: of times I get I see Panier and I'm like, 160 00:08:59,559 --> 00:09:03,719 Speaker 1: I'm gonna half of this night. Four meals later, I'm 161 00:09:03,720 --> 00:09:06,960 Speaker 1: like wow, like wow, yeah, it just it does fill 162 00:09:07,000 --> 00:09:11,360 Speaker 1: you up. Yeah, Well, we do have some numbers for 163 00:09:11,400 --> 00:09:12,200 Speaker 1: you a few. 164 00:09:13,040 --> 00:09:15,920 Speaker 2: Okay, So the global market for Panier is worth about 165 00:09:15,960 --> 00:09:20,480 Speaker 2: ten billion dollars a year and it is growing. About 166 00:09:20,679 --> 00:09:25,360 Speaker 2: seven percent of India's milk supply goes to making Panier. 167 00:09:26,200 --> 00:09:29,240 Speaker 2: And this is nothing to sneeze ahead, because India produces 168 00:09:29,240 --> 00:09:32,160 Speaker 2: more milk than any other country in the world over 169 00:09:32,200 --> 00:09:36,040 Speaker 2: one hundred and eighty million metric tons a year as 170 00:09:36,080 --> 00:09:40,800 Speaker 2: of twenty eighteen. That was like twenty two percent of 171 00:09:40,840 --> 00:09:47,120 Speaker 2: the world's supply of milk. Wow, that's like more than 172 00:09:47,160 --> 00:09:51,839 Speaker 2: the entirety of the European Union produced that year, and 173 00:09:52,040 --> 00:09:57,480 Speaker 2: a little bit more than half of that was buffalo milk. 174 00:09:57,840 --> 00:10:00,679 Speaker 1: Yeah, that's a lot. Yeah, it's a bunch, bunch. 175 00:10:02,679 --> 00:10:07,960 Speaker 2: We have like a hypothetical world record. In twenty fourteen, 176 00:10:08,360 --> 00:10:11,320 Speaker 2: a chef and deli created what is very likely the 177 00:10:11,440 --> 00:10:15,400 Speaker 2: largest ever serving of panier tica, which is like marinated 178 00:10:15,440 --> 00:10:18,840 Speaker 2: pinier that's grilled in a tandor oven, often served on skewers. 179 00:10:19,880 --> 00:10:22,600 Speaker 2: So he had a custom mold made that could create 180 00:10:22,679 --> 00:10:26,480 Speaker 2: a seventy two kilo block of pinier, that is one 181 00:10:26,559 --> 00:10:30,880 Speaker 2: hundred and sixty pounds of pinier. He also had a 182 00:10:30,920 --> 00:10:36,080 Speaker 2: custom tandor made that is over a meter across, like 183 00:10:36,160 --> 00:10:39,880 Speaker 2: that's about four feet. It was fueled by fifty kilos 184 00:10:39,880 --> 00:10:46,440 Speaker 2: of charcoal, and he injected marinade into the block six 185 00:10:46,520 --> 00:10:49,720 Speaker 2: hours beforehand to really get it and get it in 186 00:10:49,880 --> 00:10:53,040 Speaker 2: there and then put it, put the whole block on 187 00:10:53,080 --> 00:10:55,520 Speaker 2: these huge skewers and grilled it and then cut it 188 00:10:55,559 --> 00:10:59,000 Speaker 2: into for serving some one thy, six hundred and fifty 189 00:10:59,040 --> 00:10:59,920 Speaker 2: bite sized piece. 190 00:11:03,040 --> 00:11:10,520 Speaker 1: Oh impressive it is. 191 00:11:11,040 --> 00:11:13,440 Speaker 2: I don't think that this was confirmed by any of 192 00:11:13,480 --> 00:11:17,040 Speaker 2: the world record governing bodies like Guinness, but I want 193 00:11:17,040 --> 00:11:20,319 Speaker 2: to give it to him. I think if yeah, if 194 00:11:20,360 --> 00:11:24,120 Speaker 2: I can be the authority here that's yeah, absolutely done. 195 00:11:24,160 --> 00:11:30,160 Speaker 1: World record sounds great, but I'm into it. I think 196 00:11:30,160 --> 00:11:38,480 Speaker 1: this is fantastic, beautiful, beautiful. Well, the history of near 197 00:11:39,120 --> 00:11:41,520 Speaker 1: Is is a lot also. 198 00:11:42,160 --> 00:11:44,920 Speaker 2: We can say, yes, yes it is, and we are 199 00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:46,559 Speaker 2: going to get into that as soon as we get 200 00:11:46,600 --> 00:11:48,679 Speaker 2: back from a quick break for a word from our sponsors. 201 00:11:57,400 --> 00:12:01,400 Speaker 1: We're back, Thank you sponsors, Yes, thank you. Okay. So, yes, 202 00:12:01,720 --> 00:12:07,120 Speaker 1: this one is complicated. It doesn't have as much information 203 00:12:07,240 --> 00:12:09,240 Speaker 1: around it as I would like, at least not that 204 00:12:09,520 --> 00:12:13,240 Speaker 1: I could find in English. There are a lot of 205 00:12:13,280 --> 00:12:18,319 Speaker 1: competing in some cases, very different theories behind the history here, 206 00:12:19,040 --> 00:12:20,400 Speaker 1: and a lot of it also has to do with 207 00:12:20,559 --> 00:12:24,440 Speaker 1: historians making their best guesses about what is Panier in 208 00:12:24,480 --> 00:12:27,320 Speaker 1: the historical record, and sometimes I would say making kind 209 00:12:27,320 --> 00:12:31,319 Speaker 1: of a judgment, like a judgment like a Some people 210 00:12:31,320 --> 00:12:34,720 Speaker 1: wouldn't agree that that is Panier, and other people are like, no, 211 00:12:34,800 --> 00:12:35,560 Speaker 1: that probably was. 212 00:12:36,000 --> 00:12:38,520 Speaker 2: At least we can call we can call that Panier. 213 00:12:38,679 --> 00:12:39,800 Speaker 2: That's part of the history. 214 00:12:39,960 --> 00:12:45,000 Speaker 1: Sure, yeah. Yes. One theory about Peneer's origins is similar 215 00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:48,559 Speaker 1: to the one we tell in almost every Cheese episode 216 00:12:49,480 --> 00:12:52,320 Speaker 1: and relates to an early form of preneer sometime during 217 00:12:52,360 --> 00:12:55,960 Speaker 1: the thirteenth or fourteenth century, people on horseback carrying milk 218 00:12:56,000 --> 00:12:59,200 Speaker 1: and saddle bags made of animal bladder or raw hide, 219 00:12:59,440 --> 00:13:02,559 Speaker 1: jostled the liquid about, and that, combined with the heat, 220 00:13:03,120 --> 00:13:08,080 Speaker 1: resulted in some type of cheese. Standard disclaimer every time 221 00:13:08,120 --> 00:13:11,280 Speaker 1: we tell this story, there really is no evidence that 222 00:13:11,320 --> 00:13:16,680 Speaker 1: it's true. It makes sense, there's just nothing really concrete. 223 00:13:18,040 --> 00:13:20,240 Speaker 1: This would also call for the use of rennet from 224 00:13:20,280 --> 00:13:24,600 Speaker 1: the rawhide or whatever animal products, but nowadays paneera is vegetarian. 225 00:13:25,400 --> 00:13:28,920 Speaker 1: Most people think that if this is true, panier didn't 226 00:13:28,960 --> 00:13:34,160 Speaker 1: arrive in India till later. However, according to one source, 227 00:13:34,360 --> 00:13:37,400 Speaker 1: cheese making in parts of India goes back way further, 228 00:13:37,520 --> 00:13:40,680 Speaker 1: as far back as three thousand BCE. In order to 229 00:13:40,720 --> 00:13:43,640 Speaker 1: preserve milk, producers curdled it with different types of barks 230 00:13:43,679 --> 00:13:48,760 Speaker 1: and berries, maybe adding in yogurt in there. Certainly there 231 00:13:48,760 --> 00:13:51,040 Speaker 1: were probably other cheeses being made without the use of 232 00:13:51,080 --> 00:13:55,600 Speaker 1: acid in India far earlier. In Peneer's timeline, I read 233 00:13:55,880 --> 00:13:59,679 Speaker 1: buffalo milk was the original milk used, but other sources 234 00:13:59,679 --> 00:14:06,200 Speaker 1: content so mysteries history. Yep, all right, So there's that's 235 00:14:06,240 --> 00:14:09,760 Speaker 1: one theory. Another theory suggests that paneer was introduced to India, 236 00:14:09,880 --> 00:14:12,240 Speaker 1: or at least the technique of making a cheese like 237 00:14:12,280 --> 00:14:15,720 Speaker 1: peneer was introduced to India by the Portuguese in the 238 00:14:15,720 --> 00:14:19,920 Speaker 1: seventeenth century. They brought their fresh cheeses and method of 239 00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:22,800 Speaker 1: using acid in their cheese production, and a lot of 240 00:14:22,840 --> 00:14:26,240 Speaker 1: cultures do have some version of a similar type of cheese, 241 00:14:26,240 --> 00:14:31,200 Speaker 1: including in several historic nomadic cultures close to modern day India, 242 00:14:31,280 --> 00:14:34,240 Speaker 1: so it could have come from a lot of places. 243 00:14:36,240 --> 00:14:40,400 Speaker 1: Yet another theory claims that paneer may have been introduced 244 00:14:40,400 --> 00:14:44,400 Speaker 1: by Afghani and Persian people's. This is largely because the 245 00:14:44,440 --> 00:14:48,120 Speaker 1: word paneer is close to the generic word for cheese 246 00:14:48,720 --> 00:14:52,840 Speaker 1: in Persian. This would also have been around the sixteenth 247 00:14:52,920 --> 00:14:54,120 Speaker 1: or seventeenth century. 248 00:14:54,920 --> 00:15:01,280 Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, mysteries, histories, whatever the case, Acid set cheeses 249 00:15:01,320 --> 00:15:05,600 Speaker 2: were definitely being mentioned in cookbooks from the McCall imperial 250 00:15:05,680 --> 00:15:07,840 Speaker 2: Kitchens by the sixteen hundreds or so. 251 00:15:07,840 --> 00:15:13,320 Speaker 1: So yes, and going back to the whole well what 252 00:15:13,400 --> 00:15:16,520 Speaker 1: do we count aspreneer thing? There are a couple of 253 00:15:16,560 --> 00:15:20,320 Speaker 1: earlier mentions of something that might be paneer in India. 254 00:15:21,160 --> 00:15:24,960 Speaker 1: There's something that mentions a quote solid mass made from 255 00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:29,320 Speaker 1: heated milk and curds that could have been pnier Ish 256 00:15:29,400 --> 00:15:35,040 Speaker 1: from some time between seventy five to three hundred CE. Okay, 257 00:15:35,400 --> 00:15:38,840 Speaker 1: whatever happened. Yeah, there were a lot of reasons why 258 00:15:38,880 --> 00:15:42,440 Speaker 1: paneer became a huge part of Indian cuisine. They had 259 00:15:42,480 --> 00:15:44,840 Speaker 1: buffalo and cattle and a lot of milk to use. 260 00:15:45,520 --> 00:15:49,840 Speaker 1: A substantial part of the population is was vegetarian, so 261 00:15:49,960 --> 00:15:53,560 Speaker 1: having a vegetarian source of protein was and is important. 262 00:15:54,200 --> 00:15:58,560 Speaker 1: Panier was introduced into all kinds of dishes, from traditional 263 00:15:58,600 --> 00:16:02,800 Speaker 1: ones to British influence ones because it holds up so 264 00:16:02,960 --> 00:16:06,400 Speaker 1: well and of sorts flavors so well. It's just a 265 00:16:06,440 --> 00:16:09,360 Speaker 1: great protein option for all kinds of things. 266 00:16:09,600 --> 00:16:15,200 Speaker 2: Yeah, and Yeah, colonization and specifically British rule around the 267 00:16:15,240 --> 00:16:18,440 Speaker 2: Indian subcontinent, you know, from the sixteen hundreds through the 268 00:16:18,600 --> 00:16:23,080 Speaker 2: nineteen forties spread elements of Indian cuisines like panier to 269 00:16:23,160 --> 00:16:25,320 Speaker 2: other places around the world, such as parts of China. 270 00:16:25,640 --> 00:16:28,479 Speaker 2: Panier is definitely a part of like Indo Chinese cuisines, 271 00:16:29,720 --> 00:16:33,560 Speaker 2: but there wasn't really a formalized dairy industry in India 272 00:16:33,680 --> 00:16:37,760 Speaker 2: until the nineteen hundreds. Starting with this push from British 273 00:16:37,760 --> 00:16:41,080 Speaker 2: colonists during World War One, and leading through what's called 274 00:16:41,160 --> 00:16:45,480 Speaker 2: Operation Flood in the nineteen seventies, which is what transformed 275 00:16:45,480 --> 00:16:49,240 Speaker 2: India into the largest dairy producer in the world. And 276 00:16:49,400 --> 00:16:53,440 Speaker 2: this is all super complicated. It's also important to remember 277 00:16:53,480 --> 00:16:57,920 Speaker 2: that India is like big and multicultural. But suffice it 278 00:16:57,960 --> 00:17:00,520 Speaker 2: to say that throughout the nineteen hundreds, the event bailability 279 00:17:00,640 --> 00:17:05,119 Speaker 2: of milk for products like paneer boomed. With that boom, 280 00:17:05,200 --> 00:17:09,080 Speaker 2: paneer also spread from being a mostly North Indian thing 281 00:17:09,280 --> 00:17:12,080 Speaker 2: to an ingredient that lots of other regional cuisines use 282 00:17:13,520 --> 00:17:16,879 Speaker 2: here in the United States, Indian cuisines were introduced along 283 00:17:16,920 --> 00:17:20,280 Speaker 2: with waves of immigration, mostly after nineteen sixty five, which 284 00:17:20,320 --> 00:17:23,439 Speaker 2: is when the super racist immigration policies of the nineteen 285 00:17:23,480 --> 00:17:27,000 Speaker 2: twenties were overturned thanks to the Civil Rights movement. You know, 286 00:17:27,680 --> 00:17:31,000 Speaker 2: amazing food is just one of the many cultural benefits 287 00:17:31,040 --> 00:17:34,480 Speaker 2: that we get from welcoming immigrants into our communities. Diversity 288 00:17:34,800 --> 00:17:40,159 Speaker 2: makes the world more delicious. And then in during the 289 00:17:40,200 --> 00:17:43,600 Speaker 2: nineteen nineties, a bunch of research in India led to 290 00:17:43,840 --> 00:17:48,359 Speaker 2: a fairly standard process for mechanizing and industrializing the production 291 00:17:48,440 --> 00:17:52,000 Speaker 2: of pineer, which has made it a mass marketed commercial product. 292 00:17:53,800 --> 00:17:58,679 Speaker 1: Yeah, I should we should both try to make it 293 00:17:58,720 --> 00:17:59,480 Speaker 1: at home and see. 294 00:17:59,720 --> 00:18:04,600 Speaker 2: Yeah, oh yeah, see what our like local biome is doing. 295 00:18:06,400 --> 00:18:11,080 Speaker 1: That'd be cool, okay, okay, okay. And it was really 296 00:18:11,160 --> 00:18:14,639 Speaker 1: interesting that it made total sense. But I found myself 297 00:18:14,640 --> 00:18:17,760 Speaker 1: reading these really in depth research papers from India that 298 00:18:17,800 --> 00:18:23,280 Speaker 1: were just trying to get to the bottom of everything 299 00:18:23,320 --> 00:18:25,919 Speaker 1: about nir and I'm trying to understand this graph that 300 00:18:25,960 --> 00:18:27,760 Speaker 1: I'm like, wow, I love that this is a graph 301 00:18:27,800 --> 00:18:33,320 Speaker 1: about cheese and I can't understand it at all. Oh wow, 302 00:18:36,280 --> 00:18:36,800 Speaker 1: I like it. 303 00:18:37,000 --> 00:18:40,760 Speaker 2: Yeah, absolutely, yeah. This was This was a fun one 304 00:18:40,800 --> 00:18:42,520 Speaker 2: to read about. This was a hungry This was a 305 00:18:42,600 --> 00:18:44,399 Speaker 2: very hungry outline. 306 00:18:45,760 --> 00:18:49,359 Speaker 1: It was that's I made sure. A lot of times 307 00:18:49,400 --> 00:18:52,240 Speaker 1: I do the it's afterwards I'm like I have to 308 00:18:52,240 --> 00:18:56,480 Speaker 1: go get it. This time I was like, no, absolutely not, 309 00:18:58,640 --> 00:19:01,000 Speaker 1: although I usually always have. I'm gonna Pheneer around. 310 00:19:01,200 --> 00:19:05,840 Speaker 2: Oh really, wow, I love it. Yeah, it's awesome. 311 00:19:05,880 --> 00:19:09,200 Speaker 1: Oh my gosh. Yes, yes, yes, well I think that's 312 00:19:09,200 --> 00:19:11,199 Speaker 1: what we have to say about Preneer for now. But 313 00:19:11,240 --> 00:19:16,440 Speaker 1: if you have recipes, oh, send them in yeah, absolutely yes. 314 00:19:17,080 --> 00:19:20,080 Speaker 2: And uh yeah, we do already have some listener mail 315 00:19:20,160 --> 00:19:21,879 Speaker 2: for you, and we are going to get into that 316 00:19:21,920 --> 00:19:23,600 Speaker 2: as soon as we get back from one more quick 317 00:19:23,600 --> 00:19:25,600 Speaker 2: break for a word from our sponsors. 318 00:19:35,800 --> 00:19:38,879 Speaker 1: And we're back. Thank you sponsor, Yes, thank you, and 319 00:19:38,920 --> 00:19:48,640 Speaker 1: we're back with the snub oh springy, and then it's 320 00:19:48,640 --> 00:19:54,560 Speaker 1: like a hug. Yeah, it's lovely. We have two kind 321 00:19:54,600 --> 00:19:58,240 Speaker 1: of response messages from other listener mails that we have 322 00:19:58,359 --> 00:20:02,639 Speaker 1: read previously and both involved pets, and you know, we 323 00:20:02,720 --> 00:20:07,160 Speaker 1: love that. And it's been a long time since we've 324 00:20:07,200 --> 00:20:09,639 Speaker 1: mentioned this, but I think it was forever ago. We 325 00:20:09,720 --> 00:20:14,119 Speaker 1: used to joke, there's a pet tex you have to 326 00:20:14,119 --> 00:20:17,280 Speaker 1: send in a picture of your pet oh every time 327 00:20:18,119 --> 00:20:21,840 Speaker 1: you email, and a bunch of people have used that 328 00:20:21,960 --> 00:20:25,119 Speaker 1: term recently, and it's just it's brightened my day, and 329 00:20:25,200 --> 00:20:28,320 Speaker 1: during these stressful times, any brightening of the day is 330 00:20:28,359 --> 00:20:34,320 Speaker 1: really appreciated. So thank you so much. So first Trevor wrote, 331 00:20:34,359 --> 00:20:37,879 Speaker 1: and this is in response. We read Trevor's email about 332 00:20:37,920 --> 00:20:46,359 Speaker 1: his dog Farley, who chase deer to no avail. Was 333 00:20:46,520 --> 00:20:50,760 Speaker 1: not going to catch any deer. No more like friends 334 00:20:50,880 --> 00:20:54,760 Speaker 1: than any type of punt, so Trevor wrote, for what 335 00:20:54,800 --> 00:20:57,359 Speaker 1: it's worth, I heard the responding mail where the listener 336 00:20:57,440 --> 00:21:01,520 Speaker 1: thought the dog's name was Barley like the grain. It 337 00:21:01,640 --> 00:21:06,040 Speaker 1: is Farley, in honor of Chris Farley, the actor. The 338 00:21:06,080 --> 00:21:09,040 Speaker 1: breeder named him this because he was the chunkiest of 339 00:21:09,200 --> 00:21:13,440 Speaker 1: the pups. None of our pets have had food names 340 00:21:13,480 --> 00:21:16,879 Speaker 1: except my first cat. I tried to name Sushi that 341 00:21:16,960 --> 00:21:20,520 Speaker 1: it didn't stick and she became Yoshi. I guess technically 342 00:21:20,520 --> 00:21:22,520 Speaker 1: I did have a cat named Jasmine. I think of 343 00:21:22,560 --> 00:21:24,800 Speaker 1: that as a girl slash flower name rather than a 344 00:21:24,800 --> 00:21:28,399 Speaker 1: food stuff. I'll leave you with another of our pets 345 00:21:28,560 --> 00:21:32,399 Speaker 1: name origins. Our last dog's name was spot He was 346 00:21:32,440 --> 00:21:37,880 Speaker 1: a bikon. I don't know anything about dogs anyway, all 347 00:21:37,880 --> 00:21:41,919 Speaker 1: white dog. I always had to explain that Spot was 348 00:21:42,040 --> 00:21:48,600 Speaker 1: just his nickname. His full name was spot Less. Still 349 00:21:48,640 --> 00:21:51,520 Speaker 1: waiting for the Stuff D and D podcast. My pitch 350 00:21:51,600 --> 00:21:56,199 Speaker 1: for the title is stuff you should adventurer ooh, or 351 00:21:56,240 --> 00:22:04,800 Speaker 1: maybe just adventure stuff for short? Oh? Okay, I too, 352 00:22:04,880 --> 00:22:06,640 Speaker 1: Miss D and D. We we haven't gotten to played 353 00:22:06,640 --> 00:22:09,320 Speaker 1: in a long time, haven't We haven't. We're trying. We're 354 00:22:09,320 --> 00:22:11,520 Speaker 1: trying to get it back up. Yeah. 355 00:22:11,520 --> 00:22:13,800 Speaker 2: We we just need to like like schedule it. That's 356 00:22:13,920 --> 00:22:17,200 Speaker 2: I mean, you know, that's the curse of Yeah. Yeah, 357 00:22:17,240 --> 00:22:20,600 Speaker 2: that the true the true monster is scheduling. 358 00:22:21,600 --> 00:22:25,040 Speaker 1: Yes, we are all busy people. But I do think 359 00:22:25,160 --> 00:22:29,280 Speaker 1: I don't think we could do a show. I think 360 00:22:29,280 --> 00:22:31,880 Speaker 1: we could do like a one shot podcast. I don't 361 00:22:31,880 --> 00:22:37,280 Speaker 1: think we could currently sustain. I would love to. I'm 362 00:22:37,280 --> 00:22:41,840 Speaker 1: not saying it's impossible. Uh, just obviously we have a 363 00:22:41,880 --> 00:22:43,240 Speaker 1: hard time scheduling, and. 364 00:22:44,040 --> 00:22:46,359 Speaker 2: Yeah, I truly have to be like a part of 365 00:22:46,400 --> 00:22:49,160 Speaker 2: our work day that we like carved out in order. 366 00:22:49,040 --> 00:22:53,879 Speaker 1: To do it. Yeah, it's not it's possible. I'm not 367 00:22:53,920 --> 00:22:57,040 Speaker 1: saying no, I'm I'm just saying we would have to 368 00:22:57,080 --> 00:23:01,320 Speaker 1: plan we would have to plan it. Yeah, sure, yeah, yes, 369 00:23:01,680 --> 00:23:03,960 Speaker 1: I love I love all of that. Thank you, Thank 370 00:23:03,960 --> 00:23:04,800 Speaker 1: you for writing in. 371 00:23:04,720 --> 00:23:08,880 Speaker 2: About your pets. I do love to spot the spotless dog. 372 00:23:09,000 --> 00:23:12,920 Speaker 2: That is that is that's really good. That's really good. 373 00:23:12,960 --> 00:23:16,400 Speaker 1: And it's so funny when you ask someone like the 374 00:23:16,440 --> 00:23:18,560 Speaker 1: history of the name of their dog, and there's usually 375 00:23:18,560 --> 00:23:22,960 Speaker 1: like our pet, there's usually like a great story, even 376 00:23:22,960 --> 00:23:27,359 Speaker 1: if it's one sentence. You're just like, yeah, of course, okay. 377 00:23:28,720 --> 00:23:31,560 Speaker 1: My dog, my first dog, Dizzy was named after my 378 00:23:31,680 --> 00:23:35,760 Speaker 1: little body, and my family was angry because I got 379 00:23:35,760 --> 00:23:37,959 Speaker 1: to name her. I won the right to name her, 380 00:23:38,000 --> 00:23:42,240 Speaker 1: and I don't think anybody else was into it. Well, 381 00:23:42,280 --> 00:23:46,800 Speaker 1: that's sad for them. Yea, they grew on them. I 382 00:23:46,920 --> 00:23:48,520 Speaker 1: just think at first they were like are you sure, 383 00:23:49,800 --> 00:23:54,640 Speaker 1: like yes, absolutely, yeah, okay, yeah. 384 00:23:55,119 --> 00:23:57,080 Speaker 2: Now, when you allow a child to name a pet, 385 00:23:57,160 --> 00:23:59,880 Speaker 2: you don't know what you're gonna get. That's yeah, yeah, 386 00:24:00,880 --> 00:24:05,320 Speaker 2: mm hmm, yeah, I love My kitten's name is Bruce. 387 00:24:05,520 --> 00:24:08,159 Speaker 2: And uh, to be fair, we thought she was a 388 00:24:09,200 --> 00:24:13,040 Speaker 2: dude cat. It's she doesn't know what gender constructs are, 389 00:24:13,119 --> 00:24:15,680 Speaker 2: so she doesn't really care one way or another. But 390 00:24:16,000 --> 00:24:19,360 Speaker 2: but we definitely named her Bruce because she was very 391 00:24:19,480 --> 00:24:23,359 Speaker 2: small and gray and bitie and we were like, and 392 00:24:23,400 --> 00:24:28,879 Speaker 2: I love Jaws. And on the set of the movie 393 00:24:28,920 --> 00:24:32,119 Speaker 2: film Jaws, the cast and crew named the mechanical shark 394 00:24:32,400 --> 00:24:36,040 Speaker 2: Bruce and it's it's a gray, bity thing. 395 00:24:36,119 --> 00:24:39,359 Speaker 1: And I was like, yeah, I think that's great. I 396 00:24:39,400 --> 00:24:47,600 Speaker 1: love that. See it's a fun every time you ask God. Yeah, 397 00:24:47,760 --> 00:24:50,600 Speaker 1: my mom's dog is adopted and she kept the name 398 00:24:51,560 --> 00:24:53,760 Speaker 1: that the dog has, but she has a whole like 399 00:24:53,880 --> 00:24:58,000 Speaker 1: theory behind it. What she thinks that we like. It's cute. Yeah, No, 400 00:25:00,720 --> 00:25:04,959 Speaker 1: I love it. I love it. Okay. 401 00:25:05,200 --> 00:25:08,440 Speaker 2: Michelle wrote, thank you so so so much for reading 402 00:25:08,480 --> 00:25:10,560 Speaker 2: my email At the end of the Guava episode. I 403 00:25:10,640 --> 00:25:12,520 Speaker 2: was so excited when you read the last part about 404 00:25:12,520 --> 00:25:14,640 Speaker 2: my book and the website that I screamed out loud 405 00:25:14,640 --> 00:25:18,320 Speaker 2: several times. My kitty Vader was confused and concerned over 406 00:25:18,320 --> 00:25:19,040 Speaker 2: this behavior. 407 00:25:19,520 --> 00:25:19,960 Speaker 1: That's all. 408 00:25:20,040 --> 00:25:22,320 Speaker 2: I just wanted to thank you, back to working on book. 409 00:25:22,320 --> 00:25:25,919 Speaker 2: Two cheers, and may you have nothing but kindness in 410 00:25:25,960 --> 00:25:29,560 Speaker 2: your lives. Pet tax attached my baby Vader, who is 411 00:25:29,600 --> 00:25:33,720 Speaker 2: a nine month old eleven pound house panther. And yes, 412 00:25:33,760 --> 00:25:39,439 Speaker 2: there is attached a photo of a black cat being 413 00:25:39,720 --> 00:25:44,479 Speaker 2: very cute. His eyes are really golden, and I want 414 00:25:44,520 --> 00:25:46,520 Speaker 2: to pet his cute face. 415 00:25:47,960 --> 00:25:53,520 Speaker 1: Yes, and Vader, you know I love that day and 416 00:25:53,720 --> 00:25:56,960 Speaker 1: I'm already like, yep, block get yellowish. 417 00:25:57,080 --> 00:26:00,960 Speaker 2: Yeah yeah, Vader, yeah yeah. I guess I was guessing 418 00:26:01,040 --> 00:26:04,480 Speaker 2: about about the again. The cat doesn't know what gender 419 00:26:04,520 --> 00:26:07,280 Speaker 2: construct is, so sorry if I but but apologies if 420 00:26:07,280 --> 00:26:13,359 Speaker 2: I used the wrong pronouns for Vader. We respect pronouns 421 00:26:13,640 --> 00:26:18,920 Speaker 2: at this podcast, so we do. I'm laughing, but it's 422 00:26:18,920 --> 00:26:19,400 Speaker 2: not a joke. 423 00:26:20,280 --> 00:26:23,040 Speaker 1: Very no, no, I'm laughing. I'm laughing at the thought 424 00:26:23,040 --> 00:26:29,439 Speaker 1: of Vader cat. Oh my gosh. Anyway, Yes, thank you 425 00:26:29,600 --> 00:26:33,440 Speaker 1: so much to these listeners. You're writing in for paying 426 00:26:33,520 --> 00:26:35,840 Speaker 1: the pet tax. If anybody else wants to pay it, 427 00:26:35,880 --> 00:26:40,959 Speaker 1: we would love to get it every time it's tax season, 428 00:26:41,160 --> 00:26:48,399 Speaker 1: so come on and any other thoughts, recipes things with 429 00:26:48,600 --> 00:26:52,280 Speaker 1: neier you clearly I love it, so yeah, let us know. 430 00:26:53,040 --> 00:26:55,760 Speaker 1: You can email us at hello at sabrepod dot com. 431 00:26:55,760 --> 00:26:58,439 Speaker 2: We're also on social media. You can find us on 432 00:26:59,080 --> 00:27:02,119 Speaker 2: blue Sky and Instagram. I think that's what we've landed 433 00:27:02,160 --> 00:27:05,800 Speaker 2: on at the current moment, where our handle is savor Pod. 434 00:27:05,960 --> 00:27:08,359 Speaker 2: We do hope to hear from you. Save is a 435 00:27:08,400 --> 00:27:11,320 Speaker 2: production of iHeartRadio. For more podcasts from my Heart Radio, 436 00:27:11,440 --> 00:27:14,600 Speaker 2: you can visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever 437 00:27:14,640 --> 00:27:17,320 Speaker 2: you listen to your favorite shows. Thanks as always to 438 00:27:17,320 --> 00:27:20,320 Speaker 2: our super producers Dylan Fagan and Andrew Howard. Thanks to 439 00:27:20,359 --> 00:27:22,160 Speaker 2: you for listening, and we hope that lots more good 440 00:27:22,200 --> 00:27:31,280 Speaker 2: things are coming your way.