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Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of I Heart Radio. Hello

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Speaker 1: and welcome to the show. Have you ever dreamed of

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Speaker 1: toppling the status quo in your neck of the global woods?

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Speaker 1: Have you ever thought of maybe starting a food fight

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Speaker 1: in school, or you know, orchestrating a coup in another country?

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Speaker 1: I feel like all of us have had these, um,

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Speaker 1: revolutionary or rebellious thoughts at some point. But how far

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Speaker 1: does it go? You know, I've gone pretty far. My

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Speaker 1: name is Ben. We have come a long way, just

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Speaker 1: the two of us, if we want to look at

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Speaker 1: it on like a micro level, but on a macro level. Um, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I think that the human species has come a long way.

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Speaker 1: We certainly still I'm an old by the way, we

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Speaker 1: certainly still you know, have room to grow. Um. But

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Speaker 1: it's certainly not quite running up on the kind of

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Speaker 1: insurgency that, let's say, like a reign of terror like

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Speaker 1: a Robespierre situation during the French Revolution, or maybe more

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Speaker 1: of a Oliver Cromwell kind of situation like in the UH,

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Speaker 1: the Old UK. Yes, yes it's true. Uh. And by

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Speaker 1: the way, shout out to our own personal Cromwell, UH

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Speaker 1: super producer Casey Pegrom Ben he deserves better than that

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Speaker 1: he does. He does, he's uh, you know what you

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Speaker 1: deserve to be, Casey pegrom with no comparisons, no equivocations.

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Speaker 1: You okay with that, Casey, I'm great with that because

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Speaker 1: it's because, as it turns out, Cromwell, who was kind

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Speaker 1: of like a Protestant Robespierre in many ways, was kind

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Speaker 1: of a monster. Well. His legacy is still a matter

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Speaker 1: of hot takes and controversy here today. In Some people

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Speaker 1: will say he is the father of British democracy, he

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Speaker 1: got rid of the monarchy, albeit brief lee, And then

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Speaker 1: others will say, no way, he's a war criminal. He

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Speaker 1: hated the Catholics and he led vicious military campaigns. But

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Speaker 1: regardless of whether you are pro or anti Cromwell, there

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Speaker 1: is no denying that he changed the course of history

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Speaker 1: in England, Scotland and Ireland. Let's let's learn a little

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Speaker 1: bit about his life. What do you say before we

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Speaker 1: get to before we get to his death spoiler, he's dead,

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Speaker 1: Dead is a darnail, Dead's disco. I was wondering where

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Speaker 1: dead as a doornail comes from? Isn't it from Dickens? Yeah?

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Speaker 1: But what what made someone say? You know what I

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Speaker 1: think of what I think of death doornails. I guess

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Speaker 1: it's just because it's an inanimate object. Yeah, but then

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Speaker 1: because it dead is a table, but the alliteration is

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Speaker 1: key oh uh dead as uh see, Yeah, that is

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Speaker 1: a dumbbell that works. But door nails were much more

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Speaker 1: prevalent in the days of Dickens, perhaps so uh yeah.

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Speaker 1: Originally all of the titles that Dickens used in his

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Speaker 1: stories had had the phrase door nail in them. It's

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Speaker 1: also true so after fomenting the Parliamentarian uprising over the

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Speaker 1: Royalists in the English Civil War, UM Cromwell became the

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Speaker 1: Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England in sixteen fifty three.

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Speaker 1: That's also, of course, after executing Charles the First who

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Speaker 1: was the king at the time. Um, and he ruled

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Speaker 1: over England, Scotland and Ireland just for the grand scale

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Speaker 1: of things, time being what it is, blip of time

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Speaker 1: right right, because he assumed he assumed this status is

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Speaker 1: Lord Protector in sixteen fifty three. The monarchy itself was

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Speaker 1: restored in sixteen sixty, so this is what maybe seven

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Speaker 1: years Why did Cromwell have such a beef with the Catholics.

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Speaker 1: Ben what a great question, Noll. You see, Oliver Cromwell

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Speaker 1: was born at the turn of the seventeenth century, and

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Speaker 1: when he came into the world, England was a Protestant

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Speaker 1: country ruled by a king who believed that he had

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Speaker 1: divine rights, meaning he was king because God had purposely

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Speaker 1: made him king. This was kind of a thing with

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Speaker 1: monarchs in those days, like the Sun King or you know,

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Speaker 1: I mean, like a lot of divine belief in that

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Speaker 1: they were like the extension of God's power on earth.

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Speaker 1: It still is, I mean, how how well, it's a

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Speaker 1: very effective way to um bully people into thinking that

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Speaker 1: they have some sort of obligation to serve you. Right.

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Speaker 1: So Cromwell converted to Puritanism in his late twenties, and

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Speaker 1: he thought that King Charles the First was just too Catholic.

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Speaker 1: He said, he's this king is far too Catholic for me.

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Speaker 1: He's a papist, which was a smear word at the time. Uh.

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Speaker 1: Many of Charles First policies he see, such as levying

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Speaker 1: taxes without the consent of parliament. Uh, they made his

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Speaker 1: subjects mistrust him and they said, hey, you're not the

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Speaker 1: kind of cultured monarch we like. You're one of those

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Speaker 1: tyrannical absolute monarchs. So let's not forget this is post

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Speaker 1: Protestant Reformation, where the country was very much split. It

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Speaker 1: became largely a Protestant country, and then the kings that

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Speaker 1: would come into power they would either be heavily Protestant

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Speaker 1: or maybe not quite Protestant enough for some people. But

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Speaker 1: it certainly wasn't as popular in general to be super Catholic.

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Speaker 1: There was kind of like a divide between the Church

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Speaker 1: of Rome and the Church of England. Absolutely, so the

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Speaker 1: stage was set for a civil war series of conflicts occur.

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Speaker 1: King Charles is on the losing end of history. He's overthrown,

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Speaker 1: he is executed. Fifty nine people signed the death warrant

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Speaker 1: for the king, and one of them is Oliver Cromwell.

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Speaker 1: And then they introduce the Commonwealth of England to replace

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Speaker 1: the monarchy. I mean, quote unquote replace replace because Cromwell

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Speaker 1: becomes Lord Protector, as we said, but Lord Protector is

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Speaker 1: pretty much still a king. It's a monarch, you know.

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Speaker 1: The best evidence for that is that when Cromwell has

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Speaker 1: done being Lord Protector, his son takes up the job.

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Speaker 1: Just to jump in here real quick, I was being

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Speaker 1: a little bit purposefully hyperbolic at the beginning of the

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Speaker 1: show when I compared Oliver Cromwell to Rosepierre, who was

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Speaker 1: known for decapitating human people in the streets with the

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Speaker 1: famous guillotine. Cromwell was a bit more known for his authoritarian,

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Speaker 1: heavy handed rule than he was for bloody executions. But

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Speaker 1: we will be getting some bloody executions in this story

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Speaker 1: either way. So between sixteen fifty three sixteen fifty eight

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Speaker 1: or so, he's ruling the UK. He has the same

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Speaker 1: powers as a monarch, but he's called Lord Protector and

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Speaker 1: he technically doesn't have a crown. I don't mean this

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Speaker 1: in some figurative sense. I don't mean that he lost

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Speaker 1: any power you would get with autonomy or whatever. I

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Speaker 1: mean that he didn't have the jewelry. And here he's

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Speaker 1: risen to the apex of his life. In the beginning,

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Speaker 1: he was just a member of Parliament for Cambridge, but

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Speaker 1: he became a Puritan, and then later he becomes Lord Protector,

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Speaker 1: helped in no small part by his brilliant military career.

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Speaker 1: You know, he was a tactician. He had fought decisive battles,

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Speaker 1: so he wasn't out there, you know, doing mass executions,

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Speaker 1: but war has no small measure of violence. And while

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Speaker 1: he was Lord Protector, he was in a controversial, unsustainable place.

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Speaker 1: Royalist hated him. The Royalist were a faction of people

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Speaker 1: who believed in the divine right of the king. So

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Speaker 1: if you believe that God has decreed a certain person

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Speaker 1: to be the absolute ruler of the land, then you're

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Speaker 1: going to equate the actions of anybody opposing that king

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Speaker 1: to the actions of un Christian, nearly demonic forces, you

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Speaker 1: know what I mean. So Cromwell was like a demon

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Speaker 1: made flesh to these guys totally. And even though Charles

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Speaker 1: the First was not popular because he had chosen to

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Speaker 1: marry a French Catholic princess, he was still to those

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Speaker 1: Royalists the rightful monarch of the realm. So in a

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Speaker 1: sense he replaces this monarchical regime with a puritanical republic.

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Speaker 1: But he puts in some ideas that seemed very forward

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Speaker 1: facing today and did not go over well at the time,

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Speaker 1: which was he had this concept of being religiously tolerant,

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Speaker 1: and his contemporary he's viewed that with suspicion, especially residents

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Speaker 1: of Ireland and Scotland's what what we're saying here, folks,

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Speaker 1: is that even when he was alive, he was a

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Speaker 1: controversial figure. And today's story really really starts when he dies,

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Speaker 1: because the last few weeks of his life before he

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Speaker 1: passes away in what was the third of September, right,

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Speaker 1: So right before he passes away, he is having a

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Speaker 1: terrible time. He's getting sharp bowel and back pains, he

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Speaker 1: has insomnia, he's freezing cold sometimes and then just sweating

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Speaker 1: hot other times. His throat hurts, he's coughing, he's getting confused,

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Speaker 1: he's vomiting left and right. He would get worse and

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Speaker 1: then he would get better. So he kind of ebbed

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Speaker 1: and flowed, you know. And his doctors we're trying to

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Speaker 1: figure out what was going on with him. They they

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Speaker 1: had no idea. When we have one quote where his

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Speaker 1: attendants have the sad apprehension of danger fairly vague, it

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Speaker 1: really is that is the foreboding quality. Yeah, they had

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Speaker 1: the shining about it. They said that he might not

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Speaker 1: get better at this point. This starts happening when he

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Speaker 1: is when he is almost sixty fifty nine years old,

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Speaker 1: and he dies suddenly on September three. So he's died, right,

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Speaker 1: Cromwell has died and his son inherits the position of

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Speaker 1: Lord Protector for a very very brief amount of time. Yes,

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Speaker 1: a year later, his son is overthrown by the army.

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Speaker 1: The monarchy is restored. So chalk line up for the

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Speaker 1: Royalist and Charles the second becomes the new king. What

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Speaker 1: does he do after he becomes king? Is it like

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Speaker 1: a bygones, be bygone situation? I think that would have

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Speaker 1: been about our real lapdown if that was the cause.

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Speaker 1: Now we wanted some blood, band We came here for blood,

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Speaker 1: and boy, will there ever be some blood now? He

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Speaker 1: declared everyone involved with overthrowing and executing the previous king

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Speaker 1: enemies of this day, whatever you want to call it,

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Speaker 1: and called for their immediate rounding up and execution, especially

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Speaker 1: those fifty nine people who signed the death warrant. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: because I mean, you know, their names are on a

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Speaker 1: piece of paper, their identities are out there, so it

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Speaker 1: wasn't too too hard to get to ramming them up.

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Speaker 1: This makes me think of so off Air. Before we

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Speaker 1: started this episode, we were talking about a strange moment

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Speaker 1: in a lot of people's financial history checks. We we

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Speaker 1: used to do that too. We put our names on

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Speaker 1: pieces of paper. It's still so bizarre to think about it, Like,

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Speaker 1: you don't even have checks. I have emergency checks hidden

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Speaker 1: away in my layer, and Casey, you have some checks

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Speaker 1: on the off chance you might ever need one, right,

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Speaker 1: that is correct? Yes, that's Casey on the case right there. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: Casey on the checks. I would you know what, I

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Speaker 1: would get some vanity uh you know, vanity check. I did.

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Speaker 1: I had Superman ones, Yeah, I had. I had a

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Speaker 1: couple of I had Space ones. I believe was very

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Speaker 1: into space. And speaking of fantastic segues back to the point. Yes,

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Speaker 1: King Charles the Second once once especially to find and

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Speaker 1: punish these fifty nine people who have signed the death

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Speaker 1: warrant for Charles the First. He catches many, several are hanged,

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Speaker 1: some are put in jail for life. Let's backtrack just slightly.

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Speaker 1: He did just call for their trial. But I would

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Speaker 1: imagine this is something along the lines of a kangaroo

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Speaker 1: court situation where I wasn't like they were gonna, you know,

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Speaker 1: walk away Scott free, right right. And the thing is that,

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Speaker 1: as as we mentioned, not all fifty nine people on

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Speaker 1: that list were still alive when Charles two came into power.

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Speaker 1: So he had this weird pickle, you know, do we

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Speaker 1: prosecute the dead? Do we let bygones be bygones? No?

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Speaker 1: He says, no, we do not, and so he orders

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Speaker 1: the bodies of several of the people have sudden these

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Speaker 1: death warrants to be exhumed. So on the twelfth anniversary

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Speaker 1: of the death of King Charles the First, our buddy

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Speaker 1: Oliver Cromwell, Master Protector, whatever you call it, Master and

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Speaker 1: Commander Lord protected whatever uh was dug up exhumed for

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Speaker 1: the purposes of uh, you know, making a show out

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Speaker 1: of kind of re executing him. It reminds me of

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Speaker 1: that there was a pope story we did where they

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Speaker 1: dug up a pope and propped him up with his

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Speaker 1: bones in the papal robes exactly exactly h the cadaver

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Speaker 1: synod right after the death of John eight formosis. That's right,

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Speaker 1: so yes, So Charles the Second has a lot of

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Speaker 1: these people dug up and their bodies are exhumed, and

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Speaker 1: for the less egregious offenders, they're just buried in communal

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Speaker 1: burial pits, so they lose the honor of being buried

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Speaker 1: on their lonesome right. But Oliver Cromwell, along with three

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Speaker 1: other people, get awarded death sentences, despite the fact that

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Speaker 1: Oliver Cromwell, John Bradshaw, Henry Ireton and Robert Blake are

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Speaker 1: all dead. They're dead men given death sentences. So as

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Speaker 1: you said, no thing, they chained the guy up. They

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Speaker 1: hang them and chains at Tyburn and in the afternoon

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Speaker 1: they hang him there for like a day, and then

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Speaker 1: as the afternoon winds on they take him down. They

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Speaker 1: cut off his head and they put it on a

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Speaker 1: spiked on a spike. It's just it's such a statement piece,

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Speaker 1: you know. Yeah, it's real, it's real. Power move very much.

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Speaker 1: So they put this head on a twenty foot tall

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Speaker 1: wooden spike. Question, there are difference between a spike and

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Speaker 1: a pike. That is a good question. A spike and

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Speaker 1: a pike. Let's do it a little quick Internet search here. Uh,

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Speaker 1: pike is to attack, proud or injure someone with a pike,

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Speaker 1: while spike is to fix on a spike. Oh, because

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Speaker 1: pike and spike are both verbs as well. So I'm

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Speaker 1: thinking a pike would be part of some sort of turret,

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Speaker 1: like a fence or something like that, and a spike

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Speaker 1: is just more like a like a hole, like a

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Speaker 1: stick in the ground. I don't know. Yeah, a pike

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Speaker 1: can also be a pole, like a long pole that

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Speaker 1: you use an infantry, right, and then there turnpikes and

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Speaker 1: turnpike comes from my car knowledge is coming down her

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Speaker 1: turnpike comes from the days of private roads when a

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Speaker 1: log would be physically placed across the road and you

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Speaker 1: had to pay someone to turn the pike or the

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Speaker 1: long pole. Interesting, And I think spike is maybe just

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Speaker 1: a little more of a generic term. And also as

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Speaker 1: we're going down this Google rabbit hole, which may or

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Speaker 1: may not be interesting to you. Uh. A spike was

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Speaker 1: also an Old English term for an ear of corn. Oh,

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Speaker 1: and corned beef is just salted, because they would describe

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Speaker 1: the units of salt used as corns. I thought that

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Speaker 1: was peppercorns corned beef. Pretty sure, of course you can

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Speaker 1: put pepper on it if you want. Well, Ben, through

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Speaker 1: the magic of editing and time travel podcasting, you have

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Speaker 1: once again proven me wrong. I'm not I'm not out

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Speaker 1: trained out, you're not out to you just do it

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Speaker 1: continuously because you're better than me. No, no, no, no,

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Speaker 1: one's better. We are both. We're both on the quest

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Speaker 1: for the truth. It's true, and uh no one is perfect.

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Speaker 1: But you know, one huge statement in favor of our

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Speaker 1: character or collective character, is that we've never dug someone up,

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Speaker 1: knocked off their head and hung it on on a

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Speaker 1: spike or pike. How long did they leave it up there?

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Speaker 1: Way longer than seemed humane than any of this and

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Speaker 1: is particularly humane in the first place. But this one

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Speaker 1: stuck around as a tourist trap for like decades. Yeah yeah,

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Speaker 1: and people had passed the head around. This thing was

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Speaker 1: around for twenty five years on that on that spike.

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Speaker 1: Eventually it's taken down and for the next two hundred years,

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Speaker 1: many different people take possession of this head. When I

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Speaker 1: first read got passed around, I pictured people passing around

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Speaker 1: in a circle like a hot potato. It was much

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Speaker 1: It was a much larger scale version of hot potato

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Speaker 1: like that, where it kind of changed hands a lot um.

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Speaker 1: I believe for a time it was in the possession

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Speaker 1: of a failed actor who was also a kind of

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Speaker 1: the town drunk um and was rumored to have been

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Speaker 1: a relative of Cromwell himself. This man's name was Samuel Russell.

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Speaker 1: This comes from a Fantastic A V Club article about

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Speaker 1: the subject that you can look up. And Russell was

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Speaker 1: not a particularly good steward of this artifact. Let's call

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Speaker 1: it yeah. Right. You can see some of the blow

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Speaker 1: by blowers, should we say passed by pass of this

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Speaker 1: uh in article on Atlas Obscura the Morbid Journey of

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Speaker 1: Cromwell's Traveling Head. As as you were saying, Noel, the

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Speaker 1: guy who possessed the head, Amuel Russell not the best guy.

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Speaker 1: He was poor, he was considerably in debt. He had

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Speaker 1: a serious drinking problem. He would literally pass the head

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Speaker 1: around at parties, Sam bring out the head and uh.

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Speaker 1: He refused to part with the head. People would offer

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Speaker 1: money for it, but instead of that, he would just

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Speaker 1: borrow money from people, and multiple folks for one reason

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Speaker 1: or another, said we've got to get this head away

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Speaker 1: from this drunk guy, so they continued offering him money. Eventually,

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Speaker 1: prominent goldsmith and clockmaker named James Cox enters the story.

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Speaker 1: He was a smart fellow because he was playing the

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Speaker 1: long game, because he kept trying to buy the head

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Speaker 1: off of him, off of our Russell, knowing that even

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Speaker 1: though he was turned down um and exchanged for loans,

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Speaker 1: he was eventually going to come to the point where

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Speaker 1: Russell could not pay him back the loans, and then

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Speaker 1: he would have the uper hand to say, hey, I'll

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Speaker 1: absolve your debt. Uh, you poor unfortunate bastard, if you

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Speaker 1: just give me the head. And that's exactly what happened. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: give me the head. He's he was able to flip

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Speaker 1: it for like three times when he'd invested it, was

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Speaker 1: it twice? I think it was quite a nice profit. Yeah. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: He sold Cox that has sold the head in sev

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Speaker 1: for thirty British pounds to three brothers with the last

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Speaker 1: name of Hughes. They wanted to start their own public display,

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Speaker 1: so they got the head as part of other Chromwell

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Speaker 1: related items. They made a bunch of posters for the event.

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Speaker 1: But then they found themselves in a bit of a

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Speaker 1: pickle because they wondered whether the head was actually the

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Speaker 1: head of Cromwell. And when they wrote to Cox to

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Speaker 1: ask for I guess the chain of custody, you know

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Speaker 1: what I mean? Uh, Cox was kind of evasive, and

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Speaker 1: so they thought, is this guy selling us a counterfeit head?

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Speaker 1: I mean, we've all been there, right, case Casey was

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Speaker 1: just telling me about something like this there other Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I'm I'm not at liberty to discuss that matter. It's

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Speaker 1: an ongoing situation, investigation, you know yourself. Yeah, I gotta

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Speaker 1: reuse You've been You've been advised by your legal team. Okay,

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Speaker 1: this has not been Casey on the KIG. So this

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Speaker 1: this is yeah, this is officially the cases pending. So

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Speaker 1: that's fair. That's that's a different sound. Casey is a

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Speaker 1: man of many side hustles. Let's put it that way.

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Speaker 1: That's true, that's true. I mean, we live in the

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Speaker 1: KIG economy. So what happens to Cromwell's head. Well, here's

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Speaker 1: the thing. There's a lot of conflicting tales as to

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Speaker 1: what happened. There's some versions of the story that say

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Speaker 1: the head itself was given a proper burial by loyalists

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Speaker 1: to Cromwell, or at least those that sympathize with his cause. Uh.

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Speaker 1: There's another version that says the head kind of disappear, right. Uh.

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Speaker 1: It's commonly accepted that the head was given a dignified

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Speaker 1: burial in a secret place, secret location, Sydney Sussex College

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Speaker 1: in Cambridge in nineteen sixty. But the story is too

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Speaker 1: good to let the facts distract from the possibilities, right, because,

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Speaker 1: as you said, there are people who are argue multiple

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Speaker 1: other things about it. One of the craziest, uh, the

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Speaker 1: craziest stories I heard was that it was secretly taken

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Speaker 1: by a fraternal society. I have a question too, man,

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Speaker 1: at this time, where there wasn't any obviously DNA or

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Speaker 1: any lab science at all, how could you confirm the

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Speaker 1: veracity of a rotted, shrunken head leathered up like beef turkey?

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Speaker 1: Would you know? You know, you know, you just feel

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Speaker 1: it in your heart. Have you ever been in that situation? Well,

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Speaker 1: we are about to have an amazing weekend. I'm excited.

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Speaker 1: So what an ignoble end? This is not what the

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Speaker 1: Lord Protector thought was in store for him. He was

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Speaker 1: separated from his grave first, then he was separated from

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Speaker 1: his body, and hopefully finally Cromwell, divisive character that he is,

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Speaker 1: has come to some sort of rest. According to the

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Speaker 1: head's latest owner, one Horace Wilkinson, he's the one who

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Speaker 1: talked about the secret burial in nineteen sixty Uh. The

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Speaker 1: head is still there today, and he announced that he

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Speaker 1: had buried it in this location in nineteen sixty two. Yes,

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Speaker 1: secret burial, my rear end. Yeah right. What about the

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Speaker 1: rest of his body? Though? Man? Whatever? What what of that?

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Speaker 1: No one knows, not for sure. There's some good ideas

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Speaker 1: out there. Yeah, it's true. H No one is entirely

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Speaker 1: sure about what happened. But the most likely story, according

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Speaker 1: to John Morris, who is a Cromwell biographer, is the

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Speaker 1: same thing that would have happened to the bodies of

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Speaker 1: a lot of folks who were executed um on mass

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Speaker 1: like this, and that they were just thrown into a

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Speaker 1: pit head on a pike body and a pit tales

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Speaker 1: all the time song is a run that to uh.

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Speaker 1: Some other versions of the story um include the idea

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Speaker 1: that it was chucked into the Thames. And then there's

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Speaker 1: a bonker story that comes from a man with the

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Speaker 1: name of Samuel Peppis in sixteen sixty four. Pepe Pep Peppis,

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Speaker 1: p e p y s. I just thought it was

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Speaker 1: fun to say. I will say it again, Pepis. What

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Speaker 1: did he say, Ben? This is? I love the story.

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Speaker 1: I want to hear I want to hear it from

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Speaker 1: from the mouth of Ben very Well. Samuel Peppe's in

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Speaker 1: sixteen sixty four claimed that Cromwell had swapped bodies of

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Speaker 1: various dead kings from one grave to another, with another story,

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Speaker 1: raising the possibility that it wasn't his corpse that was

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Speaker 1: decapitated after all, but that of Charles the First. But

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Speaker 1: Charles the First already lost his head the first time around. Man,

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Speaker 1: I want to believe this base. Let's not let the

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Speaker 1: facts get in the way of a good story. We

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Speaker 1: never do. This is a situation wherein the fact is

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Speaker 1: stranger than the fiction. It's a bit morbid, But we

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Speaker 1: hope that you found the story of Cromwell's posthumous execution

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Speaker 1: as strange as we found it. Stay tuned for our

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Speaker 1: upcoming episode where we get even more morbid and grizzly

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Speaker 1: morbidter morbidter. Yeah, Oh it's bad. It's peak morbidity. We're

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Speaker 1: going to have to do a trigger warning on that one.

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Speaker 1: It's probably the grossest ridiculous history we have ever done

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Speaker 1: so far. So far, let's just say this. It involves

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Speaker 1: very crude surgery during a very very specific period. Which

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Speaker 1: one was it? Again, Ben, it was the disco era, yes,

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Speaker 1: a k a. The late seventeen d early the first

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Speaker 1: disco era. That's right. It was across a lot of

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Speaker 1: people think of the disco eras like the nineteen seventies,

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Speaker 1: but that is actually the fifth disco era. These are facts.

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Speaker 1: Thanks so much to our super producer gaycy begram Always,

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Speaker 1: and thanks to our research associate Gabe Lucier for a

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Speaker 1: job well done as per usual. Thanks to Christopher Haciotis,

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Speaker 1: who's just we like him. He's a pal. We're gonna

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Speaker 1: have him back very soon. Um. Thanks to Alex Williams

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Speaker 1: who composed our theme, and thanks to you Noal. Thanks

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Speaker 1: to thanks to everyone who took decent care of Oliver

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Speaker 1: Cromwell's head. Yep, we'll see next time. For more podcasts

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Speaker 1: for my heart Radio, visit the I Heart Radio app,

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Speaker 1: Apple podcast, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows