1 00:00:02,320 --> 00:00:06,720 Speaker 1: Before and after seventeen seventy six, European colonizers traveled to 2 00:00:06,720 --> 00:00:12,840 Speaker 1: the Americas, slowly eroding indigenous land as they went. When 3 00:00:13,000 --> 00:00:16,160 Speaker 1: uranium was discovered in the Black Hills of South Dakota, 4 00:00:16,320 --> 00:00:19,439 Speaker 1: the US government sought to take land from the Oglala 5 00:00:19,560 --> 00:00:24,159 Speaker 1: Sioux and deliver it to private enterprise. Thus began a 6 00:00:24,200 --> 00:00:26,759 Speaker 1: reign of terror in nineteen seventy two that led to 7 00:00:26,840 --> 00:00:30,920 Speaker 1: over sixty unsolved murders on the Pine Ridge Reservation and 8 00:00:31,320 --> 00:00:34,760 Speaker 1: came to a climax in a nineteen seventy five firefight 9 00:00:35,320 --> 00:00:38,879 Speaker 1: that left one Native man and two federal agent instead. 10 00:00:39,720 --> 00:00:44,199 Speaker 1: Now by FBI estimates, forty two Native people were engaged 11 00:00:44,200 --> 00:00:47,360 Speaker 1: in the firefight with swatims from all around the country 12 00:00:47,360 --> 00:00:49,960 Speaker 1: that had been lying in wait, but the chaos and 13 00:00:50,040 --> 00:00:53,640 Speaker 1: crossfire made it very difficult to pinpoint who was responsible 14 00:00:53,640 --> 00:00:57,160 Speaker 1: for the deaths. Two Native men were tried and acquitted 15 00:00:57,320 --> 00:01:01,800 Speaker 1: on the grounds of self defense, so and evidence changed 16 00:01:02,080 --> 00:01:04,760 Speaker 1: when they then tried one of the leaders of the 17 00:01:04,760 --> 00:01:09,679 Speaker 1: American Indian Movement, Leonard Peltier, sending him away for two 18 00:01:09,880 --> 00:01:20,760 Speaker 1: consecutive life sentences. This is wrongful conviction. You're listening to 19 00:01:20,800 --> 00:01:23,560 Speaker 1: wrongful conviction. You can listen to this and all the 20 00:01:23,640 --> 00:01:26,759 Speaker 1: Lava for Good podcasts one week early n AD free 21 00:01:26,920 --> 00:01:30,919 Speaker 1: by subscribing to Lava for Good Plus on Apple Podcasts. 22 00:01:38,600 --> 00:01:41,520 Speaker 1: Welcome back to Wrongful Conviction. I mean, I have a 23 00:01:41,520 --> 00:01:43,440 Speaker 1: lot of heroes, and I've had the chance to meet 24 00:01:43,480 --> 00:01:46,360 Speaker 1: and interview many of them, but none greater than the 25 00:01:46,360 --> 00:01:49,040 Speaker 1: man that we're interviewing today. He's very humble, so he 26 00:01:49,040 --> 00:01:51,600 Speaker 1: probably hates the sound of that, but I got to 27 00:01:51,640 --> 00:01:55,520 Speaker 1: say it like it is. Leonard Peltier is an American 28 00:01:55,840 --> 00:02:01,520 Speaker 1: legend of civil rights who survived countless assassination attend dodged hundreds, 29 00:02:01,520 --> 00:02:05,960 Speaker 1: if not thousands, of bullets, escaped from federal prisons, from 30 00:02:06,040 --> 00:02:09,080 Speaker 1: manhunts from the country. I mean, I feel like Johnny 31 00:02:09,120 --> 00:02:11,480 Speaker 1: Depp needs to play you, Leonard in a movie someday. 32 00:02:11,520 --> 00:02:12,240 Speaker 1: I hope he will. 33 00:02:12,360 --> 00:02:14,480 Speaker 2: Johnny and I are okay perfect. 34 00:02:14,520 --> 00:02:18,440 Speaker 1: Then we're going to produce this movie. And I'm joined 35 00:02:18,440 --> 00:02:22,760 Speaker 1: today by Ben Bolin, one of my favorite podcasters, who's 36 00:02:22,800 --> 00:02:25,600 Speaker 1: going to be co hosting this episode and this season 37 00:02:25,600 --> 00:02:26,440 Speaker 1: of Wrongful Conviction. 38 00:02:26,680 --> 00:02:28,840 Speaker 3: Yes, sir, on stuff they don't want you to do. 39 00:02:29,320 --> 00:02:33,799 Speaker 3: My colleagues and I intensely studied aim the American Indian 40 00:02:33,880 --> 00:02:39,080 Speaker 3: Movement your story as well. We are overjoyed to be 41 00:02:39,240 --> 00:02:44,400 Speaker 3: speaking with you today when you have emerged from what 42 00:02:44,480 --> 00:02:49,320 Speaker 3: I would call a gross miscarriage of American justice. 43 00:02:49,680 --> 00:02:51,440 Speaker 1: And later on we're going to be joined by one 44 00:02:51,440 --> 00:02:55,000 Speaker 1: of Leonard's co defendants, Darryl Dino Butler, who was acquitted 45 00:02:55,080 --> 00:02:58,240 Speaker 1: in a separate trial. We will also speak with a 46 00:02:58,320 --> 00:03:02,119 Speaker 1: member of Leonard's original defense, Bruce Allison, who has remained 47 00:03:02,320 --> 00:03:05,960 Speaker 1: steadfast two and four Leonard for the last fifty years, 48 00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:09,919 Speaker 1: as well as legal legend Ron Kobe and Holly maccaro, 49 00:03:10,120 --> 00:03:14,480 Speaker 1: a tribal advocate who was instrumental in winning Leonard's clemency, 50 00:03:14,800 --> 00:03:19,760 Speaker 1: but before Leonard's ronful incarceration, prosecution, or even his political activism. 51 00:03:19,919 --> 00:03:23,919 Speaker 1: Leonard or Tate Wikowa was born in nineteen forty four 52 00:03:24,639 --> 00:03:25,440 Speaker 1: in North Dakota. 53 00:03:26,040 --> 00:03:29,639 Speaker 2: My English name is Leonard Peltier. I'm a nation Abbi 54 00:03:30,040 --> 00:03:33,440 Speaker 2: were called Chipwa and many different places, and were called 55 00:03:33,560 --> 00:03:37,920 Speaker 2: Sue's also Lakota in a number of different places, but 56 00:03:38,200 --> 00:03:41,880 Speaker 2: those are our real names. I'm eighty years old. I've 57 00:03:42,240 --> 00:03:45,520 Speaker 2: just got out of prison after spending forty nine point 58 00:03:45,800 --> 00:03:49,560 Speaker 2: juniors in federal prisons across the country. I have been 59 00:03:49,600 --> 00:03:52,720 Speaker 2: an activist since I was nine years old when I 60 00:03:52,840 --> 00:03:55,920 Speaker 2: was first taken from my home and forcibly put into 61 00:03:55,960 --> 00:03:59,680 Speaker 2: a boarding school. How it happened was my grandmother and 62 00:03:59,720 --> 00:04:04,400 Speaker 2: grand father basically adopted us and was raising myself and 63 00:04:04,480 --> 00:04:08,840 Speaker 2: my sister Betty, and my cousin Pauline. And then Grandpa, 64 00:04:08,960 --> 00:04:13,320 Speaker 2: who was a provider for the family, died in fifty two. 65 00:04:14,080 --> 00:04:18,440 Speaker 2: Grandma was by herself, so she thought, well, I got 66 00:04:18,440 --> 00:04:21,000 Speaker 2: to have some help to feed these kids. So she 67 00:04:21,080 --> 00:04:24,559 Speaker 2: went to the BIA agency and asked for help. 68 00:04:24,960 --> 00:04:28,680 Speaker 3: And BIA is the Bureau of Indian Affairs. 69 00:04:28,880 --> 00:04:31,840 Speaker 2: Yes, and they found an excuse to take us and 70 00:04:32,320 --> 00:04:35,080 Speaker 2: put us in a boarding school in Watson, North Dakota, 71 00:04:35,760 --> 00:04:38,600 Speaker 2: and they were trying to beat the Native language and 72 00:04:38,880 --> 00:04:41,680 Speaker 2: religion and culture out of us. 73 00:04:42,640 --> 00:04:45,919 Speaker 3: Today, the BIA is part of the Federal Department of 74 00:04:45,960 --> 00:04:50,400 Speaker 3: the Interior and now manages about fifty six million acres 75 00:04:50,400 --> 00:04:54,200 Speaker 3: of land held in trust with Native nations, and they 76 00:04:54,400 --> 00:05:01,279 Speaker 3: implement federal laws and policy regarding policing, resources, agricul infrastructure, 77 00:05:01,440 --> 00:05:06,240 Speaker 3: economic issues. But back in the fifties, the federal government 78 00:05:06,440 --> 00:05:10,520 Speaker 3: was on a mission to assimilate Native people into Anglo 79 00:05:10,560 --> 00:05:14,920 Speaker 3: American culture. It's a mission that began even before the 80 00:05:15,120 --> 00:05:20,000 Speaker 3: eighteen eighty three Code of Indian Offenses. That code outlawed 81 00:05:20,120 --> 00:05:25,239 Speaker 3: various Indigenous religious practices for the comfort of their new 82 00:05:25,440 --> 00:05:29,600 Speaker 3: European neighbors, we could call them. And so, even in 83 00:05:29,680 --> 00:05:33,760 Speaker 3: the aftermath of World War Two, in which so many 84 00:05:33,920 --> 00:05:40,160 Speaker 3: Native men served, fought, and died, for Leonard and his siblings, 85 00:05:40,240 --> 00:05:44,680 Speaker 3: getting food assistants meant being ripped away from their families, 86 00:05:45,120 --> 00:05:48,800 Speaker 3: robbed of their language and religion, in a boarding school 87 00:05:48,880 --> 00:05:51,719 Speaker 3: system where abuse ran rampant. 88 00:05:52,160 --> 00:05:55,119 Speaker 2: I myself almost died when I was ten years old 89 00:05:55,440 --> 00:05:58,840 Speaker 2: escaping from there. But I wasn't the only child, and 90 00:05:58,920 --> 00:06:01,880 Speaker 2: this was not the only school. I was just one 91 00:06:01,920 --> 00:06:06,200 Speaker 2: of thousands of kids that were facing this type of brutality. 92 00:06:06,880 --> 00:06:11,240 Speaker 2: That's when my political activism started. When I got there, 93 00:06:11,360 --> 00:06:14,200 Speaker 2: there was already a group of older kids that had 94 00:06:14,320 --> 00:06:18,640 Speaker 2: started a group called Resistors, and we would go behind 95 00:06:18,760 --> 00:06:22,359 Speaker 2: the gymnasm and sing our songs and talk native to 96 00:06:22,440 --> 00:06:26,240 Speaker 2: each other and our prayers and stuff like this. I 97 00:06:26,400 --> 00:06:30,239 Speaker 2: was there from nineteen fifty three to nineteen fifty six. 98 00:06:31,080 --> 00:06:33,719 Speaker 2: I happened to go in there at a time when 99 00:06:33,800 --> 00:06:37,000 Speaker 2: I hit it. Lucky the people were lobbying, and the 100 00:06:37,040 --> 00:06:41,160 Speaker 2: soldiers were lobbying the President of the United States Eisenhower, 101 00:06:41,560 --> 00:06:45,640 Speaker 2: and so Eisenhower put out a presidential order no more 102 00:06:45,760 --> 00:06:49,120 Speaker 2: maltreatment of the Indian kids and the schools, because there 103 00:06:49,200 --> 00:06:54,400 Speaker 2: was so many kids that were literally becoming lost. They 104 00:06:54,440 --> 00:06:56,719 Speaker 2: call them and they don't know what happened to them. 105 00:06:57,320 --> 00:07:00,599 Speaker 3: You may have seen the news articles in the last 106 00:07:00,640 --> 00:07:04,160 Speaker 3: decade or so about the discovery of mass graves near 107 00:07:04,240 --> 00:07:10,120 Speaker 3: old Native boarding schools. So while Eisenhower's intervention was a 108 00:07:10,160 --> 00:07:14,480 Speaker 3: welcome public change in tone in the nineteen fifties, we 109 00:07:14,600 --> 00:07:18,880 Speaker 3: have to remember a nefarious agenda was still afoot. It's 110 00:07:18,880 --> 00:07:22,320 Speaker 3: an agenda that began even before the first iteration of 111 00:07:22,360 --> 00:07:25,600 Speaker 3: the BIA, way back when it was called the Committee 112 00:07:25,640 --> 00:07:31,120 Speaker 3: on Indian Affairs under Ben Franklin. This committee oversaw trade 113 00:07:31,160 --> 00:07:35,880 Speaker 3: and treaty relations. The authority was transferred to the Secretary 114 00:07:35,920 --> 00:07:39,280 Speaker 3: of War in seventeen eighty nine, and this led to 115 00:07:39,360 --> 00:07:44,320 Speaker 3: a century of wars, treaties, broken treaties, and above all, 116 00:07:44,640 --> 00:07:47,760 Speaker 3: the slow erosion of indigenous land. 117 00:07:48,040 --> 00:07:50,320 Speaker 2: When they first got here, the first lands they took 118 00:07:50,360 --> 00:07:54,800 Speaker 2: with our agricultural land, all of the vegetables and stuff 119 00:07:54,840 --> 00:07:58,520 Speaker 2: you see on the table came from us. Our farmers 120 00:07:58,680 --> 00:08:03,120 Speaker 2: domesticated a while vegetable into a domesticated one, and we 121 00:08:03,200 --> 00:08:06,280 Speaker 2: had some of the best agricultural land in the world. 122 00:08:06,320 --> 00:08:08,840 Speaker 2: So they took us off of that and put us 123 00:08:09,200 --> 00:08:11,880 Speaker 2: on barren land that they didn't take we would ever 124 00:08:12,240 --> 00:08:15,480 Speaker 2: exist then, I mean, you can find writings where they 125 00:08:15,520 --> 00:08:18,600 Speaker 2: said this, they should not be able to live through 126 00:08:18,640 --> 00:08:21,880 Speaker 2: somebody's lands that they put us on. But we did 127 00:08:22,200 --> 00:08:26,960 Speaker 2: because we knew how to develop barn land into productive land. 128 00:08:27,560 --> 00:08:32,120 Speaker 3: But as more Europeans arrived, the transgressions continued, like the 129 00:08:32,160 --> 00:08:36,400 Speaker 3: Indian Removal Act of eighteen thirty signed by then President 130 00:08:36,559 --> 00:08:40,880 Speaker 3: Andrew Jackson, which meant for the Natives who would not assimilate, 131 00:08:41,120 --> 00:08:44,520 Speaker 3: they would be moved west of the Mississippi River into 132 00:08:44,640 --> 00:08:48,200 Speaker 3: what was at that time called Indian Territory. Yet in 133 00:08:48,240 --> 00:08:53,079 Speaker 3: the eighteen thirty four Worcester v. Georgia Supreme Court decision, 134 00:08:53,400 --> 00:08:57,360 Speaker 3: the court ruled in favor of previous treaties and the 135 00:08:57,480 --> 00:08:59,360 Speaker 3: sovereignty of the Cherokee Nation. 136 00:09:00,120 --> 00:09:05,319 Speaker 1: Jackson notoriously infamously remarked, let's see them enforce it, and 137 00:09:05,480 --> 00:09:08,520 Speaker 1: in one of the first times in American history, a 138 00:09:08,600 --> 00:09:12,959 Speaker 1: sitting President ignored the Supreme Court and began the deadly 139 00:09:13,080 --> 00:09:16,800 Speaker 1: trail of tears, marching the Cherokees from their rightful place 140 00:09:16,840 --> 00:09:19,480 Speaker 1: in Georgia to present day Oklahoma. 141 00:09:19,200 --> 00:09:23,480 Speaker 3: And over the following half century, many more wars were 142 00:09:23,520 --> 00:09:27,920 Speaker 3: fought and new treaties were signed, only spoiler to later 143 00:09:28,000 --> 00:09:32,400 Speaker 3: be broken again. Probably the most egregious land grab occurs 144 00:09:32,440 --> 00:09:36,280 Speaker 3: in eighteen eighty seven, when the US Congress passes the 145 00:09:36,440 --> 00:09:41,359 Speaker 3: DAWs Act under the guise of assimilation. This act divides 146 00:09:41,480 --> 00:09:46,520 Speaker 3: land that was collectively held by various Native nations into 147 00:09:46,559 --> 00:09:50,160 Speaker 3: what they called individual land allotments, like the ones settled 148 00:09:50,200 --> 00:09:54,520 Speaker 3: by their European counterparts, and then once settled. This leaves 149 00:09:54,760 --> 00:10:00,160 Speaker 3: one hundred and thirty eight million surplus acres of Native nations. 150 00:10:00,120 --> 00:10:03,920 Speaker 1: Land, which was then made available for purchase by non natives, 151 00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:07,760 Speaker 1: and by nineteen thirty four, only forty eight million of 152 00:10:07,800 --> 00:10:12,320 Speaker 1: those acres remained, at which point the Indian Reorganization Act 153 00:10:12,559 --> 00:10:17,000 Speaker 1: sought to drastically change the relationship by ending assimilation mandates, 154 00:10:17,200 --> 00:10:21,920 Speaker 1: encouraging tribal self governance and constitutions, elections in corporation for 155 00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:25,760 Speaker 1: resource management, and that tribal land would be protected by 156 00:10:25,800 --> 00:10:29,559 Speaker 1: the federal government, and any federal lands that were unused 157 00:10:29,559 --> 00:10:32,840 Speaker 1: would be returned to native control. But of the ninety 158 00:10:33,120 --> 00:10:35,200 Speaker 1: out of one hundred and thirty eight million acres to 159 00:10:35,200 --> 00:10:39,800 Speaker 1: be returned by twenty ten, only about eight percent of 160 00:10:39,840 --> 00:10:45,640 Speaker 1: them had been restored. Unsurprisingly, it appears that economic interests 161 00:10:45,679 --> 00:10:46,960 Speaker 1: caused a change of course. 162 00:10:47,679 --> 00:10:50,839 Speaker 2: As time went by, they start to find out that 163 00:10:50,880 --> 00:10:53,760 Speaker 2: the Baron lands they put us on was rich in 164 00:10:53,880 --> 00:11:00,640 Speaker 2: minerals uranium, uranium, gold, silver, I mean copper. They wanted 165 00:11:00,640 --> 00:11:04,360 Speaker 2: this land for themselves, so they started again a system 166 00:11:04,520 --> 00:11:07,920 Speaker 2: of termination for us. In nineteen fifty six, they were 167 00:11:07,960 --> 00:11:12,000 Speaker 2: starting to write American Termination Act, which was supposed to 168 00:11:12,000 --> 00:11:15,360 Speaker 2: be completed by nineteen eighty five, and that was to 169 00:11:15,480 --> 00:11:19,480 Speaker 2: terminate all Indian reservations in this country. They were going 170 00:11:19,520 --> 00:11:23,400 Speaker 2: to supposedly buy our lands. But the first reservation to 171 00:11:23,480 --> 00:11:27,840 Speaker 2: be terminated was the Monominee of Wisconsin. Then they came 172 00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:31,480 Speaker 2: here to the Turtle Mountain, chip Or Cree Nation and 173 00:11:31,559 --> 00:11:34,199 Speaker 2: told us that we had to leave, we had to relocate. 174 00:11:34,480 --> 00:11:37,360 Speaker 2: But my father that his generation fought back. I was 175 00:11:37,400 --> 00:11:41,000 Speaker 2: only thirteen years old and I was able to participate. 176 00:11:41,400 --> 00:11:44,920 Speaker 2: We fought back here and literally drove them away. From 177 00:11:45,080 --> 00:11:49,520 Speaker 2: terminating this nation. And it wasn't just Turtle Mountains, it 178 00:11:49,520 --> 00:11:52,680 Speaker 2: was Pine Ridge. All of us was in that danger. 179 00:11:53,120 --> 00:11:57,880 Speaker 3: And part of that termination policy was the Indian Relocation Program, 180 00:11:58,040 --> 00:12:02,880 Speaker 3: through which the BA promised economic opportunity in urban areas, 181 00:12:03,120 --> 00:12:08,640 Speaker 3: offering vocational training and relocation assistance. Yet the Native people 182 00:12:08,720 --> 00:12:12,319 Speaker 3: who were willing to believe in this promise often found 183 00:12:12,600 --> 00:12:19,560 Speaker 3: nothing but low wage opportunities, racial discrimination, poverty, homelessness. Yet Leonard, 184 00:12:19,640 --> 00:12:23,240 Speaker 3: at this point is still young. It's nineteen fifty eight. 185 00:12:23,400 --> 00:12:26,600 Speaker 3: After being sure that there were no reports of abuse, 186 00:12:26,920 --> 00:12:30,640 Speaker 3: he enrolls in a boarding school in Land Crew, South Dakota. 187 00:12:30,800 --> 00:12:34,480 Speaker 3: Upon arrival, he's called to a meeting by other Native teens. 188 00:12:35,160 --> 00:12:38,160 Speaker 2: So this guy comes over, I think he was sophomore, 189 00:12:38,720 --> 00:12:40,880 Speaker 2: and he said, come down to the rec room. We're 190 00:12:40,880 --> 00:12:42,720 Speaker 2: going to talk to all of you guys. So we 191 00:12:42,800 --> 00:12:45,200 Speaker 2: go down there and this guy comes I take he 192 00:12:45,320 --> 00:12:48,520 Speaker 2: was a senior, and he said, there is a group 193 00:12:48,559 --> 00:12:52,760 Speaker 2: of white boys driving around the city Flinger of South Dakota, 194 00:12:53,320 --> 00:12:57,360 Speaker 2: and they're picking up these young Indian girls by force, 195 00:12:57,760 --> 00:13:00,480 Speaker 2: taking them out in the country. They're beating them up, 196 00:13:00,520 --> 00:13:03,200 Speaker 2: they're raping them, and they're leaving them out there to die. 197 00:13:03,600 --> 00:13:06,800 Speaker 2: Your job is to escort them from the boarding school 198 00:13:06,880 --> 00:13:09,640 Speaker 2: grounds to the movies, and there was a soda shop 199 00:13:09,720 --> 00:13:12,360 Speaker 2: right next door to it. Your job is to protect him. 200 00:13:12,720 --> 00:13:17,520 Speaker 2: And I know, I was, Yeah, we'll be there, goddamn rights, 201 00:13:17,600 --> 00:13:18,240 Speaker 2: we'll be there. 202 00:13:19,040 --> 00:13:22,839 Speaker 1: But why did these teenagers feel responsible for public safety? Well, 203 00:13:22,960 --> 00:13:25,680 Speaker 1: according to the Major Crimes Act of eighteen eighty five, 204 00:13:25,960 --> 00:13:30,040 Speaker 1: the tribal police only had jurisdiction over nonviolent crimes committed 205 00:13:30,080 --> 00:13:34,360 Speaker 1: by Native people, while federal authorities had jurisdiction over all 206 00:13:34,480 --> 00:13:38,480 Speaker 1: violent crimes, no matter who committed them, So federal authorities 207 00:13:38,600 --> 00:13:42,600 Speaker 1: were typically approached after the fact by Native crime victims, 208 00:13:42,640 --> 00:13:45,480 Speaker 1: as they were. In reference to a South Dakota teenager 209 00:13:45,720 --> 00:13:47,000 Speaker 1: named Bill Janklow. 210 00:13:47,080 --> 00:13:52,880 Speaker 2: Bill Janquell, his family was a very rich racture and 211 00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:56,000 Speaker 2: this one girl gets beat up. He raped her and everything, 212 00:13:56,000 --> 00:13:59,160 Speaker 2: and they thought she was knocked out, and she got 213 00:13:59,240 --> 00:14:02,920 Speaker 2: Bill Jenkuill license plate number, and that's how they caught him. 214 00:14:03,200 --> 00:14:06,760 Speaker 2: He pled guilty. He was given a choice of either 215 00:14:06,800 --> 00:14:09,360 Speaker 2: going to a farm school till he was twenty one 216 00:14:09,480 --> 00:14:13,320 Speaker 2: or going into the military for two years. So he 217 00:14:13,400 --> 00:14:16,400 Speaker 2: goes to the military, serves two years, it comes out 218 00:14:16,559 --> 00:14:19,560 Speaker 2: and he goes to college on a GI bill and 219 00:14:19,600 --> 00:14:23,440 Speaker 2: he gets a lawyer's degree. So he comes back to 220 00:14:23,560 --> 00:14:27,800 Speaker 2: the South Dakota area and somehow he's the leader part 221 00:14:27,800 --> 00:14:31,760 Speaker 2: of the agency that handles all Rosebud funding from Washington. 222 00:14:32,440 --> 00:14:35,640 Speaker 2: He's married, now got two kids, and he starts doing 223 00:14:35,680 --> 00:14:36,120 Speaker 2: it again. 224 00:14:36,360 --> 00:14:40,920 Speaker 3: In January nineteen sixty seven, when Janklow was the director 225 00:14:41,160 --> 00:14:45,720 Speaker 3: of the Rosebudsoe Legal Services Program, he allegedly raped a 226 00:14:45,760 --> 00:14:49,400 Speaker 3: young woman whom he employed as a babysitter. Her name 227 00:14:49,720 --> 00:14:51,280 Speaker 3: Jensita Eagle Deer. 228 00:14:51,920 --> 00:14:55,320 Speaker 2: The head of the BI Police Department was telling us 229 00:14:55,480 --> 00:14:58,760 Speaker 2: he takes Bill Janquell to jail, he makes a call 230 00:14:58,840 --> 00:15:01,880 Speaker 2: and the FBI comes in said, you've got no jurisdiction. 231 00:15:02,040 --> 00:15:04,240 Speaker 2: You've got to let him out. That's the way it 232 00:15:04,400 --> 00:15:08,440 Speaker 2: was back. So Bill Jenkle was never charged for raping 233 00:15:08,880 --> 00:15:11,640 Speaker 2: Genese to Eagle there or any of those other young 234 00:15:11,720 --> 00:15:14,560 Speaker 2: girls they were children. He never was charged for that. 235 00:15:15,280 --> 00:15:20,000 Speaker 2: He starts running for office for the Attorney General's office. 236 00:15:20,120 --> 00:15:23,360 Speaker 1: And Jancy the Eagle Deer's allegations resurface. 237 00:15:24,040 --> 00:15:27,760 Speaker 2: So we were demonstrating raising hell and talking about we 238 00:15:27,800 --> 00:15:30,000 Speaker 2: want this son of a bitch in jail or some 239 00:15:30,240 --> 00:15:33,360 Speaker 2: god damn thing. He's raped numerous of our children. We 240 00:15:33,360 --> 00:15:36,120 Speaker 2: were pissed. We couldn't get nobody and listened to us. 241 00:15:36,240 --> 00:15:40,120 Speaker 2: So we become an active enemy of Bill Jenkles and 242 00:15:40,160 --> 00:15:43,920 Speaker 2: he becomes the Attorney General of South Dakota. God and 243 00:15:44,040 --> 00:15:48,800 Speaker 2: the attorney general himself was outraged. He said, I don't 244 00:15:48,840 --> 00:15:52,760 Speaker 2: believe this. You have kicked me out of office and 245 00:15:52,920 --> 00:15:57,480 Speaker 2: elected a admitted rapist child molest her. 246 00:15:58,320 --> 00:16:02,560 Speaker 3: Soon after that election, Jencita Eagle Deer is killed in 247 00:16:02,640 --> 00:16:07,160 Speaker 3: a hit and run accident, and Bill Jinklow went on 248 00:16:07,360 --> 00:16:11,000 Speaker 3: to be the twenty seventh and then thirtieth governor of 249 00:16:11,120 --> 00:16:15,240 Speaker 3: South Dakota before a stint in Congress that gets cut 250 00:16:15,360 --> 00:16:18,760 Speaker 3: short when Jinkler runs through a stop sign at about 251 00:16:18,800 --> 00:16:22,760 Speaker 3: sixty five miles per hour and kills a motorcyclist. 252 00:16:23,280 --> 00:16:25,840 Speaker 2: He hits him on his motorcycle and kills him, and 253 00:16:25,880 --> 00:16:29,840 Speaker 2: his father, who was happy to be a successful rancher, himself, said, 254 00:16:30,320 --> 00:16:34,160 Speaker 2: this guy ain't gonna get away with this, not this time. Well, 255 00:16:34,480 --> 00:16:37,200 Speaker 2: he got found guilty in a trial, but he was 256 00:16:37,240 --> 00:16:40,400 Speaker 2: sentenced to weekend in prison. So what they were having 257 00:16:40,480 --> 00:16:43,840 Speaker 2: him do is coming in the morning Saturday morning and 258 00:16:43,960 --> 00:16:46,320 Speaker 2: Sunday night, he would sign out to go back to 259 00:16:46,760 --> 00:16:47,280 Speaker 2: his job. 260 00:16:47,680 --> 00:16:51,160 Speaker 1: I don't want to sound cynical, but it's almost like 261 00:16:51,640 --> 00:16:57,680 Speaker 1: the white, wealthy and well connected experience a completely different 262 00:16:57,800 --> 00:17:01,320 Speaker 1: version of the legal system. Is that to an extreme, 263 00:17:01,360 --> 00:17:04,920 Speaker 1: and so the righteous commitment to justice that drove their 264 00:17:04,960 --> 00:17:08,479 Speaker 1: opposition to not only the protection of Janklow but also 265 00:17:08,640 --> 00:17:09,960 Speaker 1: his elevated status. 266 00:17:10,000 --> 00:17:10,240 Speaker 2: Well. 267 00:17:10,640 --> 00:17:13,920 Speaker 1: That driving force continued to guide Leonard when he moved 268 00:17:13,920 --> 00:17:16,480 Speaker 1: to Seattle, Washington in nineteen sixty five. 269 00:17:16,840 --> 00:17:19,160 Speaker 2: My uncle Toby he'd probably get me a job up there, 270 00:17:19,280 --> 00:17:22,280 Speaker 2: so I did. I went up there. Later on I 271 00:17:22,359 --> 00:17:24,280 Speaker 2: met this state of he was older than me. It's 272 00:17:24,320 --> 00:17:26,879 Speaker 2: like a father to me. Howard Miller, him and I 273 00:17:26,960 --> 00:17:31,359 Speaker 2: got to talking about opening a auto shop. We did. 274 00:17:31,560 --> 00:17:33,919 Speaker 2: And I was staying with Howard and his wife and 275 00:17:34,200 --> 00:17:36,600 Speaker 2: come home for supper and I'm watching there was a 276 00:17:36,680 --> 00:17:40,639 Speaker 2: demonstration going on about the fishing and hunting, the struggles 277 00:17:40,680 --> 00:17:44,240 Speaker 2: that was going on since the forties or whatever. Way 278 00:17:44,280 --> 00:17:48,680 Speaker 2: back there. In nineteen fifty five, Marlon Branda got involved 279 00:17:48,680 --> 00:17:52,760 Speaker 2: and even got arrested, and it just kept escalating, and 280 00:17:52,800 --> 00:17:56,359 Speaker 2: they were out there tear gashing and beaten out the people, 281 00:17:56,480 --> 00:17:59,040 Speaker 2: and they had this one young lady. He had about 282 00:17:59,040 --> 00:18:01,560 Speaker 2: a five six year old son. They had ripped her 283 00:18:01,640 --> 00:18:04,880 Speaker 2: blouse and everything, which was a common practice they did 284 00:18:04,880 --> 00:18:07,119 Speaker 2: to the women. And there was beaten on her. And 285 00:18:07,160 --> 00:18:09,920 Speaker 2: this little boy come running up there and they said, 286 00:18:09,960 --> 00:18:14,040 Speaker 2: don't hit her, and he started beating him. So I 287 00:18:14,160 --> 00:18:17,720 Speaker 2: told Howe, I said, you can have everything. I'm going 288 00:18:17,760 --> 00:18:18,359 Speaker 2: on with them. 289 00:18:19,480 --> 00:18:32,040 Speaker 4: I'm gonna go fight with them. 290 00:18:32,320 --> 00:18:36,280 Speaker 2: I started getting involved, and I started joining different organizations, 291 00:18:36,480 --> 00:18:40,879 Speaker 2: and one of the ones was the Alcatraz occupation. 292 00:18:42,080 --> 00:18:46,280 Speaker 3: According to several treaties and the Indian Reorganization Act of 293 00:18:46,400 --> 00:18:50,320 Speaker 3: nineteen thirty four, surplus federal lands were supposed to be 294 00:18:50,440 --> 00:18:55,320 Speaker 3: returned to Native people. So with Alcatraz the penitentiary closed 295 00:18:55,359 --> 00:18:59,000 Speaker 3: in nineteen sixty three, it should have but was not 296 00:18:59,440 --> 00:19:04,280 Speaker 3: returned to its rightful tribe. From November of nineteen sixty 297 00:19:04,359 --> 00:19:08,359 Speaker 3: nine to July of nineteen seventy one, a collective of 298 00:19:08,560 --> 00:19:14,200 Speaker 3: Native organizations, including the American Indian Movement or AIM, occupied 299 00:19:14,240 --> 00:19:19,440 Speaker 3: this island Alcatraz under the following banner Indians of Old Tribes. 300 00:19:19,840 --> 00:19:23,880 Speaker 3: And this was not the only action taken for land reclamation. 301 00:19:24,320 --> 00:19:27,159 Speaker 2: We were doing the same thing on Fort Lawton that 302 00:19:27,280 --> 00:19:30,399 Speaker 2: land was being given to the city for one dollar, 303 00:19:30,800 --> 00:19:33,359 Speaker 2: and the city didn't want it. We've got too many 304 00:19:33,440 --> 00:19:36,400 Speaker 2: parks now, we can't pay for them, so let dominions 305 00:19:36,480 --> 00:19:39,600 Speaker 2: have it with the rich and people that were involved 306 00:19:39,600 --> 00:19:43,919 Speaker 2: in it had plans on building whatever. Would you give 307 00:19:43,960 --> 00:19:46,919 Speaker 2: it up. They finally gave us fifteen acres, but that 308 00:19:47,119 --> 00:19:50,359 Speaker 2: was nothing compared to I think it was fifteen hunderd 309 00:19:50,359 --> 00:19:53,240 Speaker 2: acres there. But those were the type of actions that 310 00:19:53,400 --> 00:19:55,920 Speaker 2: we were going and we got a confrontation with the 311 00:19:56,119 --> 00:19:59,000 Speaker 2: army there, and the military one of the things that 312 00:19:59,080 --> 00:20:02,399 Speaker 2: they did that still stays in my mind, and I 313 00:20:02,520 --> 00:20:05,000 Speaker 2: kind of believe that they would have never used them 314 00:20:05,000 --> 00:20:07,840 Speaker 2: on us. But one time they got off their buses 315 00:20:08,240 --> 00:20:10,840 Speaker 2: and they had flame drawers and so a lot of 316 00:20:10,840 --> 00:20:15,120 Speaker 2: people left to the back trail. But they never used them, 317 00:20:15,160 --> 00:20:17,679 Speaker 2: of course, but it was used as a tactic of 318 00:20:17,760 --> 00:20:18,720 Speaker 2: fear against us. 319 00:20:19,119 --> 00:20:23,800 Speaker 1: But the American Indian Movement wasn't deterred. In nineteen seventy two, 320 00:20:23,880 --> 00:20:28,200 Speaker 1: they organized a caravan to Washington that picked up more 321 00:20:28,280 --> 00:20:31,320 Speaker 1: numbers as it drove through other nativations along the way, 322 00:20:31,560 --> 00:20:35,600 Speaker 1: until they had about two thousand people descending on the 323 00:20:35,680 --> 00:20:40,680 Speaker 1: BIA building in a protest called the Trail of Broken Treaties. 324 00:20:41,160 --> 00:20:44,480 Speaker 2: We went to Washington to the Burevern and Affairs, that's 325 00:20:44,560 --> 00:20:47,800 Speaker 2: our White House, hoping we could get an audience with 326 00:20:48,359 --> 00:20:51,919 Speaker 2: somebody that could help us, because we were not getting 327 00:20:51,920 --> 00:20:55,119 Speaker 2: any help back there on the reservations and the termination 328 00:20:55,440 --> 00:20:58,760 Speaker 2: was being enforced upon us, and they're supposed to be 329 00:20:58,800 --> 00:21:02,360 Speaker 2: protecting us. Of course they weren't. They were fighting against 330 00:21:02,440 --> 00:21:06,920 Speaker 2: us to eliminate our control of our lands and depend 331 00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:10,520 Speaker 2: on the United States government for handouts. That's how they 332 00:21:10,560 --> 00:21:14,080 Speaker 2: controlled us. They forced us to submit to them through 333 00:21:14,119 --> 00:21:17,639 Speaker 2: these handouts, and people were tired about it. We wanted 334 00:21:17,680 --> 00:21:20,080 Speaker 2: to bring our treaties back up to them and make 335 00:21:20,160 --> 00:21:23,439 Speaker 2: them abide by their promises, and of course they weren't 336 00:21:23,440 --> 00:21:26,760 Speaker 2: doing that. So when we got there, we all ended 337 00:21:26,840 --> 00:21:30,760 Speaker 2: up in the parking lot, parked our cars and demonstrating 338 00:21:30,800 --> 00:21:33,720 Speaker 2: around the Bureau of Indian Affairs building. Like I said, 339 00:21:33,760 --> 00:21:36,480 Speaker 2: it's supposed to be our white house, and the superintendent, 340 00:21:36,560 --> 00:21:40,280 Speaker 2: Leo Bruce, was supposed to be our president, although he 341 00:21:40,400 --> 00:21:43,800 Speaker 2: was appointed but whatever party was in power at the time. 342 00:21:43,920 --> 00:21:45,960 Speaker 2: So we went in and asked them. We said, look, 343 00:21:45,960 --> 00:21:48,679 Speaker 2: we got all these people here, old people, some of 344 00:21:48,760 --> 00:21:51,960 Speaker 2: our headsmen and chiefs and stuff like this. And we 345 00:21:52,040 --> 00:21:55,119 Speaker 2: got children out there, us young people to sleep out 346 00:21:55,119 --> 00:21:57,080 Speaker 2: on the ground. We don't care about that, but we 347 00:21:57,160 --> 00:22:01,120 Speaker 2: want you to give these people lodging somehow. Lei Bruce UPSI, 348 00:22:01,200 --> 00:22:02,840 Speaker 2: I can't do that. I ain't got to fund it, 349 00:22:02,920 --> 00:22:05,159 Speaker 2: and got to well, what are you doing with the 350 00:22:05,440 --> 00:22:08,600 Speaker 2: millions and millions of dollars that goes into the budget 351 00:22:08,760 --> 00:22:11,720 Speaker 2: every year, Why can't you take care of our elders? 352 00:22:12,080 --> 00:22:15,440 Speaker 2: We know, lion, we knew that. And Russell Mean said 353 00:22:15,720 --> 00:22:18,240 Speaker 2: you're not going to let you do the Star elders, 354 00:22:18,680 --> 00:22:20,760 Speaker 2: and it escalated into occupation. 355 00:22:21,320 --> 00:22:25,760 Speaker 3: And during this six day occupation in November nineteen seventy two, 356 00:22:26,200 --> 00:22:31,480 Speaker 3: AIM leadership rifled through the BIA's documents. Bruce Ellison, who 357 00:22:31,640 --> 00:22:35,439 Speaker 3: supported AIM as an attorney throughout the standoff at Wounded Knees, 358 00:22:35,520 --> 00:22:38,840 Speaker 3: South Dakota in nineteen seventy three, as well as in 359 00:22:38,880 --> 00:22:41,720 Speaker 3: the aftermath of the shootout at Pine Ridge in nineteen 360 00:22:41,800 --> 00:22:45,080 Speaker 3: seventy five. Well Bruce told us about some of the 361 00:22:45,080 --> 00:22:49,040 Speaker 3: things that they discovered in the BIA building occupation in 362 00:22:49,119 --> 00:22:52,560 Speaker 3: nineteen seventy two, as well as what it meant specifically 363 00:22:52,720 --> 00:22:56,520 Speaker 3: for the Oglala Sioux on the Pine Ridge Reservation there 364 00:22:56,560 --> 00:22:57,560 Speaker 3: in South Dakota. 365 00:22:57,640 --> 00:23:00,480 Speaker 5: When the BIA building was taken over by American Movement 366 00:23:00,520 --> 00:23:03,280 Speaker 5: in nineteen seventy two, there were a whole troughs of 367 00:23:03,359 --> 00:23:07,120 Speaker 5: documents that were taken and removed from that building. People 368 00:23:07,160 --> 00:23:09,359 Speaker 5: who have heard of this have generally heard of the 369 00:23:09,400 --> 00:23:13,439 Speaker 5: fact that it disclosed a four sterilization program for Native women. 370 00:23:14,800 --> 00:23:17,919 Speaker 5: Another part of that, though, was that this area was 371 00:23:17,920 --> 00:23:22,840 Speaker 5: given a priority for uranium mining. That was seventy two, right, 372 00:23:22,880 --> 00:23:25,119 Speaker 5: and then you have Wounded Knee seventy three, and then 373 00:23:25,160 --> 00:23:28,800 Speaker 5: you have this firefight in seventy five. You have resistance 374 00:23:28,840 --> 00:23:32,320 Speaker 5: basically all over the country, and now this new goal 375 00:23:32,400 --> 00:23:35,920 Speaker 5: of aim to stop destructive mining or anium mining. Most 376 00:23:35,960 --> 00:23:38,480 Speaker 5: people don't realize the front end of the nuclear fuel 377 00:23:38,480 --> 00:23:43,639 Speaker 5: cycle is an incredibly environmentally destructive process. It leaves the 378 00:23:43,680 --> 00:23:48,440 Speaker 5: earth poisoned for eons of time, as well as a 379 00:23:48,520 --> 00:23:50,639 Speaker 5: myriad about other things because not just uranium. It so 380 00:23:50,680 --> 00:23:53,240 Speaker 5: they having metals that get out, arsenic that gets out 381 00:23:53,320 --> 00:23:56,000 Speaker 5: during a lot of these processes. So I would say 382 00:23:56,040 --> 00:23:59,280 Speaker 5: that the economics, they always say that what are war's about, 383 00:23:59,320 --> 00:24:02,800 Speaker 5: They're about lane and or resources. Well, this one was 384 00:24:02,880 --> 00:24:05,480 Speaker 5: kind of government had already seized the land, not officially, 385 00:24:05,560 --> 00:24:09,760 Speaker 5: not legally, it's still unseated territory, but they did want 386 00:24:09,800 --> 00:24:12,520 Speaker 5: to go after those resources. At that time, there were 387 00:24:12,560 --> 00:24:16,639 Speaker 5: some twenty uranium mining companies which were staking out claims 388 00:24:16,680 --> 00:24:19,280 Speaker 5: throughout the Black Hills, and this went on from mid 389 00:24:19,320 --> 00:24:20,800 Speaker 5: seventies into the late seventies. 390 00:24:21,040 --> 00:24:25,159 Speaker 1: When American business interests need Uncle Sam's help justly or not, 391 00:24:25,480 --> 00:24:28,840 Speaker 1: and nations around the globe, well, they may or may 392 00:24:28,880 --> 00:24:32,680 Speaker 1: not go as far as to medal in elections, and 393 00:24:32,920 --> 00:24:35,680 Speaker 1: it appears the Feds had a clear favorite in South 394 00:24:35,720 --> 00:24:39,400 Speaker 1: Dakota tribal politics, in which there was a deep divide 395 00:24:39,440 --> 00:24:44,159 Speaker 1: between traditionalists who maintained Native culture and refused assimilation, and 396 00:24:44,280 --> 00:24:48,000 Speaker 1: those like the newly elected Oglala Siu Tribal chairman of 397 00:24:48,080 --> 00:24:52,719 Speaker 1: nineteen seventy two, Dick Wilson, a so called progressive native, 398 00:24:53,119 --> 00:24:56,959 Speaker 1: the type that really took to assimilation and to the 399 00:24:57,000 --> 00:24:59,720 Speaker 1: interests of the United States federal government. 400 00:25:00,240 --> 00:25:04,240 Speaker 2: Well, you have a group of natives that we call sellouts. 401 00:25:04,400 --> 00:25:08,480 Speaker 2: They accept everything that the government tells them or gives 402 00:25:08,560 --> 00:25:11,360 Speaker 2: us commodities and all this says to and will do 403 00:25:11,440 --> 00:25:14,680 Speaker 2: anything the government says, will fight against us. I mean, 404 00:25:14,800 --> 00:25:17,119 Speaker 2: I had had some of them say I wish I 405 00:25:17,200 --> 00:25:19,679 Speaker 2: wasn'tn Indian, and I used to tell them, well, what 406 00:25:19,720 --> 00:25:23,160 Speaker 2: the hell are you doing here? Gold leave? Ain't nobody 407 00:25:23,480 --> 00:25:25,520 Speaker 2: keep in your hair. If you don't like being an Indian, 408 00:25:25,600 --> 00:25:28,639 Speaker 2: the hell out of here. But we got those types 409 00:25:28,640 --> 00:25:32,280 Speaker 2: of groups that fight against US. Dick Wilson was one 410 00:25:32,280 --> 00:25:32,600 Speaker 2: of them. 411 00:25:32,920 --> 00:25:36,800 Speaker 3: And in the aftermath of the BIA Building occupation, Dick 412 00:25:36,920 --> 00:25:41,000 Speaker 3: Wilson signs a resolution that authorizes him to create a 413 00:25:41,119 --> 00:25:45,600 Speaker 3: paramilitary group called the Guardians of the Oglala Nation, giving 414 00:25:45,640 --> 00:25:46,920 Speaker 3: them the acronym Goon. 415 00:25:47,520 --> 00:25:52,119 Speaker 2: Well, the FBI financed them, They gave them sophisticated weapons, 416 00:25:52,480 --> 00:25:57,400 Speaker 2: various calibers of ammunition intelligence. This all came out from 417 00:25:57,560 --> 00:26:01,280 Speaker 2: Dwayne Brewer, who was the leader of the squad. 418 00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:04,920 Speaker 1: And this mercenary force was comprised of other so called 419 00:26:04,960 --> 00:26:10,120 Speaker 1: progressive Natives. While other progressives were active at FBI counter Intelligence, 420 00:26:10,560 --> 00:26:13,560 Speaker 1: the same program that targeted the Black Panthers. Co Intel 421 00:26:13,640 --> 00:26:20,520 Speaker 1: pro they would infiltrate, sew division, create paranoia, undermine legitimate goals, 422 00:26:20,600 --> 00:26:24,239 Speaker 1: and supply information. And of course we're all familiar with 423 00:26:24,280 --> 00:26:28,600 Speaker 1: how history ran its course over any successful Black leadership, 424 00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:32,520 Speaker 1: while AIM was no different. It appears the FEDS were 425 00:26:32,560 --> 00:26:37,080 Speaker 1: targeting AIM leadership with criminal prosecutions, like the time when 426 00:26:37,160 --> 00:26:40,119 Speaker 1: Leonard was at a restaurant in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in the 427 00:26:40,200 --> 00:26:43,920 Speaker 1: months before the standoff at Wounded Me in nineteen seventy three. 428 00:26:44,440 --> 00:26:47,480 Speaker 2: They're following me out everything I was doing. They were 429 00:26:47,480 --> 00:26:50,159 Speaker 2: put in this restaurant. We don't know who they are. 430 00:26:50,480 --> 00:26:53,119 Speaker 2: We were all in our AIM jackets, and they start 431 00:26:53,240 --> 00:26:56,200 Speaker 2: intimidating us. So we thought it was just two white 432 00:26:56,320 --> 00:26:58,720 Speaker 2: races and we're going to get in a fight with them. 433 00:26:59,160 --> 00:27:00,879 Speaker 2: And the next thing I know, Oh, I'm charged for 434 00:27:01,440 --> 00:27:05,240 Speaker 2: attempted murder on two police officers. I went to trial 435 00:27:05,320 --> 00:27:08,479 Speaker 2: there years later and I was found not guilty. I 436 00:27:08,520 --> 00:27:12,560 Speaker 2: was acquitted at that bullshit charge. You know, that wasn't 437 00:27:12,560 --> 00:27:16,240 Speaker 2: the only place. Other places they were trying to connect 438 00:27:16,320 --> 00:27:20,320 Speaker 2: me to some kind of criminal activity. Just trying to 439 00:27:20,359 --> 00:27:21,679 Speaker 2: set me up is what it was. 440 00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:25,080 Speaker 3: But while he was in jail in Wisconsin on these 441 00:27:25,160 --> 00:27:29,639 Speaker 3: trumped up attempted murder charges, the traditionalist natives on the 442 00:27:29,680 --> 00:27:34,360 Speaker 3: Pine Ridge Reservation were seeking to impeach Dick Wilson. He 443 00:27:34,480 --> 00:27:38,400 Speaker 3: was accused of corruption, voter fraud as well as violence 444 00:27:38,520 --> 00:27:41,280 Speaker 3: and intimidation of his political foes. 445 00:27:41,920 --> 00:27:44,920 Speaker 2: I think two hundred people were voted, had been dead 446 00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:49,119 Speaker 2: for fifty hundred years or whatever else. That's how he 447 00:27:49,200 --> 00:27:53,040 Speaker 2: won the election. To fraud. He was making his family rich, 448 00:27:53,359 --> 00:27:55,680 Speaker 2: is what he was doing. His brother all of a 449 00:27:55,720 --> 00:27:59,399 Speaker 2: sudden on a big pack of land and filled with 450 00:27:59,480 --> 00:28:03,119 Speaker 2: cattle and everything like this, and prior to his election 451 00:28:03,400 --> 00:28:07,800 Speaker 2: did not have that amount to land or cattle. So corruption, 452 00:28:08,320 --> 00:28:10,560 Speaker 2: corruption at its best under him. 453 00:28:10,600 --> 00:28:13,080 Speaker 1: Well, it seems like all of these operations, the co 454 00:28:13,240 --> 00:28:17,800 Speaker 1: Intel pro operations against the Black Panthers, Malcolm X et cetera, 455 00:28:18,359 --> 00:28:22,639 Speaker 1: they always involved an inside trader electic Wilson. Is that 456 00:28:22,720 --> 00:28:24,040 Speaker 1: a fair word to use for him? 457 00:28:24,720 --> 00:28:25,840 Speaker 2: We call them worse in that? 458 00:28:27,119 --> 00:28:30,560 Speaker 1: And when legal avenues failed to oust Wilson, Aim and 459 00:28:30,640 --> 00:28:33,720 Speaker 1: their allies chose the town of Wounded Knee, the site 460 00:28:33,760 --> 00:28:36,960 Speaker 1: of the last large scale massacre of Natives in eighteen ninety, 461 00:28:37,119 --> 00:28:40,280 Speaker 1: as their next target for occupation, and they were in 462 00:28:40,280 --> 00:28:43,800 Speaker 1: a standoff with US marshalls for seventy one days. 463 00:28:44,240 --> 00:28:47,200 Speaker 2: I was in jail for the first couple weeks of 464 00:28:47,320 --> 00:28:49,479 Speaker 2: Wounded Knee, but as soon as I got out, I 465 00:28:49,520 --> 00:28:52,800 Speaker 2: heard they needed supplies food and everything like this. So 466 00:28:52,880 --> 00:28:57,200 Speaker 2: I went to work immediately gathered food and everything. In Oleft, Wisconsin. 467 00:28:57,440 --> 00:29:02,400 Speaker 2: During the Wounded Kney occupation, Richard Nixon ordered the eighty 468 00:29:02,440 --> 00:29:06,000 Speaker 2: second Airborne out there to put the military on a 469 00:29:06,040 --> 00:29:11,000 Speaker 2: domestic issue is against the constitution United States. So the 470 00:29:11,080 --> 00:29:14,840 Speaker 2: colonel that was head of the eighty second Airborne came 471 00:29:14,880 --> 00:29:18,440 Speaker 2: out to the reservation and he went first to Dick Wilson. 472 00:29:18,920 --> 00:29:20,640 Speaker 2: And when he came out, there was a group of 473 00:29:20,680 --> 00:29:23,400 Speaker 2: our elders and they called them over to cross the 474 00:29:23,480 --> 00:29:25,840 Speaker 2: road and they told we would like to show you 475 00:29:25,880 --> 00:29:29,440 Speaker 2: and tell you what's really going on here. And when 476 00:29:29,440 --> 00:29:32,720 Speaker 2: he went back to report to Nixon, he said that 477 00:29:32,800 --> 00:29:37,000 Speaker 2: a tribal chairman, Dick Wilson, I think he's a big liar. 478 00:29:37,280 --> 00:29:40,480 Speaker 2: I don't believe a word he said. So the traditionalist 479 00:29:40,560 --> 00:29:43,720 Speaker 2: took me out to the reservation and I said, I've 480 00:29:43,720 --> 00:29:48,080 Speaker 2: seen poverty. There's worse than Central America. And he said, 481 00:29:48,080 --> 00:29:50,960 Speaker 2: I don't blame those people for fighting. I don't blame 482 00:29:51,040 --> 00:29:54,640 Speaker 2: him for uprising. He said, if you send us out there, 483 00:29:54,720 --> 00:29:57,480 Speaker 2: you ordered us out there, the majority of us are 484 00:29:57,520 --> 00:30:00,880 Speaker 2: going to fight with the Indians. Wo oh, I heard 485 00:30:00,920 --> 00:30:04,760 Speaker 2: that Nixon's mother told him, don't you hurt those Indians. 486 00:30:04,800 --> 00:30:08,080 Speaker 2: Don't you hurt those people that? And his daughter was 487 00:30:08,120 --> 00:30:09,120 Speaker 2: also another one. 488 00:30:09,560 --> 00:30:13,200 Speaker 3: Three people were killed in total over those seventy one days. 489 00:30:13,600 --> 00:30:17,040 Speaker 2: Finally, Wounded Me was over after Buddy Lamont was shot 490 00:30:17,080 --> 00:30:21,560 Speaker 2: in the forehead by a sniper and Grandma Lamont wanted 491 00:30:21,760 --> 00:30:25,800 Speaker 2: to end because she wanted to bury her son, who 492 00:30:25,920 --> 00:30:30,280 Speaker 2: was a Vietnam War hero. So that's how wounded the 493 00:30:30,560 --> 00:30:34,120 Speaker 2: end it. Actually, there's a lot of promises were made 494 00:30:34,160 --> 00:30:36,720 Speaker 2: to the Native people that they were going to do this, 495 00:30:36,920 --> 00:30:40,640 Speaker 2: they were going to do that, and didn't that happen? Again, 496 00:30:40,960 --> 00:30:43,400 Speaker 2: most of us knew that was just some more lies. 497 00:30:44,360 --> 00:30:48,959 Speaker 1: One of Ames's objectives was reopening treaty negotiation and holding 498 00:30:48,960 --> 00:30:52,320 Speaker 1: the federal government accountable for violating the eighteen sixty eight 499 00:30:52,320 --> 00:30:55,880 Speaker 1: Treaty of Fort Laramie with the Oglala Sioux. That violation 500 00:30:56,400 --> 00:31:00,600 Speaker 1: was the Fed stealing you've guessed it more can land, 501 00:31:01,160 --> 00:31:04,360 Speaker 1: this time in the Black Hills, you know, the place 502 00:31:04,400 --> 00:31:08,800 Speaker 1: where Mount Rushmore is located. A nineteen eighty Supreme Court 503 00:31:08,880 --> 00:31:12,320 Speaker 1: decision later ruled in favor of the Sioux, awarding them 504 00:31:12,360 --> 00:31:15,920 Speaker 1: compensation plus interest starting from when the treaty was violated 505 00:31:15,960 --> 00:31:19,280 Speaker 1: back in eighteen seventy seven, but they refused to accept 506 00:31:19,320 --> 00:31:22,920 Speaker 1: that compensation in favor of the return of the land 507 00:31:23,400 --> 00:31:26,960 Speaker 1: and this disagreement has still not been resolved. But back 508 00:31:27,120 --> 00:31:30,760 Speaker 1: in nineteen seventy three, after Wounded me, the FEDS tried 509 00:31:30,800 --> 00:31:35,400 Speaker 1: to prosecute the Visible AIM leadership Dennis Banks and Russell Means, 510 00:31:35,520 --> 00:31:40,000 Speaker 1: with charges that held a potential fifteen hundred years in prison. 511 00:31:40,040 --> 00:31:42,640 Speaker 1: What does they even mean a these numbers? But the 512 00:31:42,760 --> 00:31:48,480 Speaker 1: case was dismissed based on prosecutorial misconduct, including evidence tampering, 513 00:31:49,000 --> 00:31:52,760 Speaker 1: So the FEDS regrouped and plotted their next moves. 514 00:31:53,240 --> 00:31:55,800 Speaker 5: In nineteen seventy four or ear least seventy five, the 515 00:31:55,880 --> 00:31:58,000 Speaker 5: FBI considered aimed to be one of the most dangerous 516 00:31:58,080 --> 00:32:02,040 Speaker 5: organizations to the country. When they listen their reasons for 517 00:32:02,560 --> 00:32:07,120 Speaker 5: why AIM was being targeted, they specifically noted a new 518 00:32:07,680 --> 00:32:12,480 Speaker 5: what they called mission statement of the American movement, which 519 00:32:12,600 --> 00:32:15,560 Speaker 5: was to protect the earth from destructive mining. And the 520 00:32:15,640 --> 00:32:20,160 Speaker 5: FBI starts switching from a canter intelligence operation to a 521 00:32:20,240 --> 00:32:22,200 Speaker 5: counter insurgency operation. 522 00:32:22,280 --> 00:32:26,760 Speaker 3: And they had help from various assets who had infiltrated AIM, 523 00:32:27,000 --> 00:32:30,840 Speaker 3: including the head of security during the Wounded Knee occupation. 524 00:32:31,400 --> 00:32:34,280 Speaker 3: Doug Durham. It's believed that he was the one who 525 00:32:34,440 --> 00:32:38,080 Speaker 3: supplied the aim memo, the one that contained the mission 526 00:32:38,160 --> 00:32:41,600 Speaker 3: statement threatening federal interest in uranium mining. 527 00:32:42,280 --> 00:32:45,680 Speaker 2: Doug Durham. You got to hear this guy's story. This 528 00:32:45,800 --> 00:32:50,120 Speaker 2: guy's a police officer and Omaha, Nebraska, and he's right 529 00:32:50,240 --> 00:32:54,920 Speaker 2: next to Omaha's a reservation, look Quota reservation. He's grabbing 530 00:32:55,000 --> 00:32:58,800 Speaker 2: these girls and forcing drugs on them, getting them hooked, 531 00:32:58,840 --> 00:33:03,960 Speaker 2: and prosecuting them. That Omaha Nebraska police force fires him. 532 00:33:04,480 --> 00:33:07,960 Speaker 2: He immediately goes to work for the FBI and that 533 00:33:08,080 --> 00:33:12,440 Speaker 2: gets on their payroll and he infiltrated the American Indian moment. 534 00:33:12,720 --> 00:33:15,440 Speaker 2: So they asked him in this hearing, they said, what 535 00:33:15,560 --> 00:33:17,920 Speaker 2: about the American Indian moment? Do we have to be 536 00:33:18,040 --> 00:33:21,680 Speaker 2: concerned about Russell and Dennis? And he tells him no, 537 00:33:21,840 --> 00:33:24,520 Speaker 2: He said, I think the fifteen hundred years has pretty 538 00:33:24,600 --> 00:33:28,200 Speaker 2: much silenced them. He said, the person you have to 539 00:33:28,240 --> 00:33:32,120 Speaker 2: be concerned about is Leonard Peltier. He's a young guy. 540 00:33:32,200 --> 00:33:34,400 Speaker 2: He's not afraid of the government. You won't get in 541 00:33:34,480 --> 00:33:36,400 Speaker 2: the front of a camera because he just want this 542 00:33:36,520 --> 00:33:40,280 Speaker 2: picture out there. But he's getting very popular among the people, 543 00:33:40,760 --> 00:33:43,800 Speaker 2: and he's the person that we have to worry about. 544 00:33:44,280 --> 00:33:47,600 Speaker 2: And after wounded knee, they really start coming after me. 545 00:34:02,440 --> 00:34:05,600 Speaker 1: While Leonard was traveling the country to support various political 546 00:34:05,680 --> 00:34:09,200 Speaker 1: actions back on the Pine Ridge Reservation, tensions with Dick 547 00:34:09,280 --> 00:34:12,440 Speaker 1: Wilson and the Goon squad got even worse. So the 548 00:34:12,520 --> 00:34:16,760 Speaker 1: Oglallas sup once again called upon Aime and Dennis Banks, 549 00:34:17,040 --> 00:34:19,200 Speaker 1: who was in Arizona at the time with one of 550 00:34:19,280 --> 00:34:22,080 Speaker 1: Leonard's co defendants, Daryl Dino Butler. 551 00:34:23,080 --> 00:34:26,000 Speaker 6: My name is Dino Butler. I'm a member of the 552 00:34:26,040 --> 00:34:31,000 Speaker 6: Sledge Competitive Tribes of Oregon. In nineteen seventy four, I 553 00:34:31,120 --> 00:34:36,320 Speaker 6: was in Arizona. A call came in from South Dakota. 554 00:34:36,640 --> 00:34:38,200 Speaker 6: They said that the goons were up there and they 555 00:34:38,239 --> 00:34:41,280 Speaker 6: were throwing beer bottles and ecuting out houses and beating 556 00:34:41,320 --> 00:34:43,920 Speaker 6: people up and everything. They were just getting out of control. 557 00:34:44,920 --> 00:34:46,799 Speaker 6: They called Dennis to ask him if there was any 558 00:34:46,800 --> 00:34:49,880 Speaker 6: warriors that were willing to come up there and stay 559 00:34:49,960 --> 00:34:53,520 Speaker 6: there for a while and help them. So Leonard and 560 00:34:53,560 --> 00:34:56,880 Speaker 6: me and some other brothers and sisters agreed to go 561 00:34:56,960 --> 00:34:59,680 Speaker 6: up there to South Dakota at that time. We went 562 00:34:59,719 --> 00:35:03,120 Speaker 6: to the housing projects there and we stayed there for 563 00:35:03,160 --> 00:35:05,080 Speaker 6: a while and then we went to Ted Lange's place. 564 00:35:05,640 --> 00:35:09,000 Speaker 6: Then we ended up at Jumping both plays. During all 565 00:35:09,040 --> 00:35:13,120 Speaker 6: this time, the goons were still acting up and shooting 566 00:35:13,200 --> 00:35:13,760 Speaker 6: up everything. 567 00:35:14,600 --> 00:35:18,799 Speaker 2: The goons, they were going around the reservation and terrorizing 568 00:35:18,960 --> 00:35:22,920 Speaker 2: single mothers that were strong, aim people, the elders, their 569 00:35:23,000 --> 00:35:25,960 Speaker 2: homes are being shot up. We went and spent hours 570 00:35:26,000 --> 00:35:28,520 Speaker 2: in the middle of the night going over there protecting 571 00:35:28,960 --> 00:35:33,400 Speaker 2: those people. Anybody that affiliated themselves with the American Indian 572 00:35:33,440 --> 00:35:35,520 Speaker 2: moment are traditionalists. 573 00:35:35,600 --> 00:35:40,319 Speaker 3: So when Bruce said counterinsurgency earlier, you can hear how 574 00:35:40,360 --> 00:35:45,680 Speaker 3: that doesn't appear to be hyperbole. There were sixty unsolved 575 00:35:45,760 --> 00:35:49,440 Speaker 3: murders on Pine Ridge between seventy three and seventy five, 576 00:35:49,800 --> 00:35:53,319 Speaker 3: and with a population of only twelve thousand, they had 577 00:35:53,360 --> 00:35:55,720 Speaker 3: the highest murder rate in the country. 578 00:35:55,920 --> 00:35:59,000 Speaker 5: Scores of people being killed, people being kept on the 579 00:35:59,040 --> 00:36:02,760 Speaker 5: floors of their home, homes well, bullets swam through the walls. 580 00:36:03,080 --> 00:36:05,600 Speaker 5: And we're talking about homes where families were living, where 581 00:36:05,640 --> 00:36:07,600 Speaker 5: young kids were living, where elders were living. 582 00:36:08,000 --> 00:36:12,400 Speaker 3: These murders would have been under FBI jurisdiction, yet for 583 00:36:12,440 --> 00:36:16,920 Speaker 3: some reason, no one was ever pursued. Meanwhile, the FEDS 584 00:36:16,960 --> 00:36:20,439 Speaker 3: were trying Dennis Banks for a second time, this time 585 00:36:20,600 --> 00:36:24,280 Speaker 3: for the alleged assault and rioting associated with the Wounded 586 00:36:24,360 --> 00:36:28,160 Speaker 3: de occupation, and they knew he was being protected at 587 00:36:28,200 --> 00:36:32,399 Speaker 3: an aim stronghold called Jumping Bull Ranch. It seems they 588 00:36:32,440 --> 00:36:35,040 Speaker 3: also knew Leonard was there from. 589 00:36:34,880 --> 00:36:37,319 Speaker 5: Documents we got parts of or all of. A little 590 00:36:37,320 --> 00:36:42,240 Speaker 5: bit later, they had their security and their intelligence informants focusing. 591 00:36:42,320 --> 00:36:44,200 Speaker 5: I mean, they were looking for Leonard all over the country. 592 00:36:44,480 --> 00:36:46,440 Speaker 5: So we get to a month before the firefight and 593 00:36:46,520 --> 00:36:49,080 Speaker 5: a bunch of FBI agents are brought into Pine Ridge. 594 00:36:49,200 --> 00:36:52,080 Speaker 5: Most of them are SWAT Team members. They're on sixty 595 00:36:52,160 --> 00:36:53,240 Speaker 5: day special assignment. 596 00:36:53,719 --> 00:36:56,480 Speaker 2: Before the shoot out, we've seen a lot of activities 597 00:36:56,480 --> 00:37:00,640 Speaker 2: with helicopters and stuff, and they had these machines out 598 00:37:00,640 --> 00:37:03,160 Speaker 2: the windows and everything. We didn't find out un till 599 00:37:03,239 --> 00:37:07,440 Speaker 2: years later, but they were surveying that whole area. And 600 00:37:07,480 --> 00:37:11,759 Speaker 2: then they had these ages driving around like stormtroopers, and 601 00:37:11,800 --> 00:37:15,280 Speaker 2: they would walk into people's doors. They would not knock, 602 00:37:15,520 --> 00:37:18,160 Speaker 2: they would just push the doors open. That's the same 603 00:37:18,200 --> 00:37:21,560 Speaker 2: thing that's kicking them over. And they terrified the community. 604 00:37:22,200 --> 00:37:24,919 Speaker 2: A lot of the people were getting scared. A lot 605 00:37:24,920 --> 00:37:27,440 Speaker 2: of the people were getting angry. A lot of the men. 606 00:37:27,600 --> 00:37:30,760 Speaker 2: We were saying, you know, something's going to happen. They can't 607 00:37:30,960 --> 00:37:33,920 Speaker 2: keep doing this to us. That's not legal. 608 00:37:34,360 --> 00:37:38,080 Speaker 5: Three weeks before the firefight, the FBI issues a document 609 00:37:38,120 --> 00:37:40,520 Speaker 5: in which they talk about jumping balls. They claimed that 610 00:37:40,560 --> 00:37:43,680 Speaker 5: there were bunkers there, that there are probably going to 611 00:37:43,719 --> 00:37:47,879 Speaker 5: have to assault these bunkers. And three weeks later there's 612 00:37:47,880 --> 00:37:50,880 Speaker 5: a paramilitary assault on that particular area. And as the 613 00:37:51,320 --> 00:37:54,040 Speaker 5: US Comission on stil Rights pointed out, those bunkers are 614 00:37:54,040 --> 00:37:56,479 Speaker 5: really aged root sellers that you wouldn't want to stand 615 00:37:56,480 --> 00:38:01,000 Speaker 5: behind if someone was throwing rocks at you less defensive position. 616 00:38:02,520 --> 00:38:05,240 Speaker 5: What also is clear is that once the first shots 617 00:38:05,239 --> 00:38:07,480 Speaker 5: were fired, and I got to say that, the government 618 00:38:07,560 --> 00:38:11,440 Speaker 5: began to lie right away from the start of the firefight. 619 00:38:11,960 --> 00:38:15,080 Speaker 5: Right away, it became a big lie for their own 620 00:38:15,520 --> 00:38:16,640 Speaker 5: particular narrative. 621 00:38:17,080 --> 00:38:20,720 Speaker 1: So, after a two year long federally funded terror campaign 622 00:38:20,760 --> 00:38:23,680 Speaker 1: through the Goon Squad, which as you can imagine, only 623 00:38:23,760 --> 00:38:26,920 Speaker 1: intensified with the arrival of SWAT teams from all over 624 00:38:26,960 --> 00:38:30,640 Speaker 1: the country in that climate, the FBI claimed that they 625 00:38:30,719 --> 00:38:35,440 Speaker 1: were simply carrying out just an ordinary, everyday arrest warrant 626 00:38:35,480 --> 00:38:36,960 Speaker 1: for a guy named Jimmy Eagle. 627 00:38:37,520 --> 00:38:41,640 Speaker 2: There was a warrant. Supposedly, that's a lie because the 628 00:38:41,680 --> 00:38:46,439 Speaker 2: FBI don't have this jurisdiction. They were saying that they 629 00:38:46,440 --> 00:38:49,120 Speaker 2: had a warrant out for Jimmy you go, for stealing 630 00:38:49,160 --> 00:38:52,120 Speaker 2: a pair of used cowboy. 631 00:38:51,760 --> 00:38:54,080 Speaker 5: Boots, used cowboy pots. 632 00:38:54,640 --> 00:38:59,120 Speaker 2: They don't have. They don't have jurisdiction. There's no jurisdiction 633 00:38:59,239 --> 00:39:01,560 Speaker 2: for them to do that. They can't do that, so 634 00:39:01,680 --> 00:39:02,359 Speaker 2: that was a lie. 635 00:39:03,080 --> 00:39:05,960 Speaker 3: If you remember, we mentioned the Major Crimes Act of 636 00:39:06,000 --> 00:39:10,080 Speaker 3: eighteen eighty five. This designated all violent crimes and other 637 00:39:10,160 --> 00:39:14,800 Speaker 3: offenses under federal jurisdiction. A pair of stolen cowboy boots 638 00:39:14,880 --> 00:39:18,680 Speaker 3: would have been handled by tribal police. In addition, it 639 00:39:18,719 --> 00:39:22,560 Speaker 3: appears that Jimmy Eagle was in Wyoming at the time, 640 00:39:22,719 --> 00:39:27,560 Speaker 3: on another reservation entirely, yet he was allegedly known to 641 00:39:27,680 --> 00:39:31,960 Speaker 3: drive a red pickup. So on June twenty sixth, nineteen 642 00:39:32,080 --> 00:39:36,400 Speaker 3: seventy five, the FBI claimed that agents Ronald Williams and 643 00:39:36,480 --> 00:39:40,480 Speaker 3: Jack Koehler, who were in plain clothes and unmarked vehicles, 644 00:39:40,520 --> 00:39:45,000 Speaker 3: not identifying themselves. The FBI claims these guys were allegedly 645 00:39:45,160 --> 00:39:48,760 Speaker 3: in hot pursuit of what they claimed to have thought 646 00:39:49,080 --> 00:39:52,319 Speaker 3: was Jimmy Eagle's vehicle, a red van but with a 647 00:39:52,360 --> 00:39:57,440 Speaker 3: white top, and as the federal narrative goes, the car 648 00:39:57,440 --> 00:40:00,480 Speaker 3: would not stop until it arrived at Jumping Bull Ranch. 649 00:40:01,200 --> 00:40:04,480 Speaker 2: That's not true. That's not true. They didn't follow that 650 00:40:04,600 --> 00:40:06,680 Speaker 2: red and white van in there. That red and white 651 00:40:06,760 --> 00:40:10,000 Speaker 2: van was there ten minutes, at least ten minutes before 652 00:40:10,600 --> 00:40:13,840 Speaker 2: they showed up. I know I'm the one that drove 653 00:40:13,880 --> 00:40:16,239 Speaker 2: it in there because I had just taken it down 654 00:40:16,239 --> 00:40:19,640 Speaker 2: to Ogla to get something fixed on it. So that 655 00:40:19,800 --> 00:40:22,600 Speaker 2: was another lie. But we come in and parked in 656 00:40:22,800 --> 00:40:25,920 Speaker 2: front of the Jumping Bowl house and we were talking 657 00:40:25,960 --> 00:40:28,200 Speaker 2: to some of the people there about something. These guys 658 00:40:28,280 --> 00:40:32,359 Speaker 2: just come driving in like they owned the place and 659 00:40:32,520 --> 00:40:35,160 Speaker 2: they've been right past us, and went down to where 660 00:40:35,840 --> 00:40:37,480 Speaker 2: the shooting took place. 661 00:40:37,360 --> 00:40:40,760 Speaker 1: Which was about five hundred yards off US Highway eighteen, 662 00:40:40,960 --> 00:40:44,520 Speaker 1: onto this sprawling private compound. Now remember this is after 663 00:40:44,560 --> 00:40:47,279 Speaker 1: a nearly three year reign of terror, when these men 664 00:40:47,320 --> 00:40:50,239 Speaker 1: in plane clothes and unmarked cars which doesn't appear how 665 00:40:50,239 --> 00:40:52,600 Speaker 1: to identify themselves through their weapons. 666 00:40:53,000 --> 00:40:57,160 Speaker 2: We didn't start it. They started it. We were defending 667 00:40:57,160 --> 00:41:01,280 Speaker 2: our homes and my responsibility it was getting the women 668 00:41:01,320 --> 00:41:02,439 Speaker 2: and children out of there. 669 00:41:03,000 --> 00:41:06,560 Speaker 3: Soon, every able bodied person either in the houses or 670 00:41:06,719 --> 00:41:11,800 Speaker 3: campgrounds on jumping bull ranches doing their part, including Dino Butler. 671 00:41:12,160 --> 00:41:14,000 Speaker 6: I just come out of our teetheet on a jumping 672 00:41:14,040 --> 00:41:17,360 Speaker 6: bull property. I came out and I heard this brother 673 00:41:17,440 --> 00:41:20,920 Speaker 6: come running down towards the camp call telling us that brothers, 674 00:41:20,920 --> 00:41:23,319 Speaker 6: gather up your guns, gather up your weapons, and get 675 00:41:23,360 --> 00:41:27,799 Speaker 6: up here. They're attacking the families up there jumping bulls. 676 00:41:28,480 --> 00:41:30,759 Speaker 6: So we all gathered up our rifles and we ran 677 00:41:30,840 --> 00:41:36,920 Speaker 6: up there. I didn't know who was shooting at us 678 00:41:36,960 --> 00:41:39,080 Speaker 6: at first, but then I understood later on it was 679 00:41:39,160 --> 00:41:42,799 Speaker 6: the FBI that were firing at it. Two FBI agents 680 00:41:43,080 --> 00:41:47,560 Speaker 6: came there and they opened fired on the people, and 681 00:41:47,680 --> 00:41:53,960 Speaker 6: that that I didn't understand what was going on, why 682 00:41:54,160 --> 00:41:55,040 Speaker 6: why they were doing that. 683 00:41:56,360 --> 00:42:00,000 Speaker 2: I helped Angie and her babies who were crying, terrified 684 00:42:00,200 --> 00:42:02,640 Speaker 2: and everything. I helped them get out of there. I 685 00:42:02,760 --> 00:42:05,359 Speaker 2: let him down to a trail, and you knew that, 686 00:42:05,840 --> 00:42:08,799 Speaker 2: so I tore to go that way and all us 687 00:42:08,880 --> 00:42:10,719 Speaker 2: hope they don't kill you. So they hope they don't 688 00:42:10,719 --> 00:42:13,359 Speaker 2: shoot you, because you got these little kids here, and 689 00:42:13,480 --> 00:42:15,239 Speaker 2: they did go that way and they got out. 690 00:42:15,480 --> 00:42:18,279 Speaker 5: People I talked to said they were within moments being 691 00:42:18,360 --> 00:42:22,480 Speaker 5: surrounded and receiving gunfire from all directions. 692 00:42:22,760 --> 00:42:25,880 Speaker 2: When I got back, we could see from the tops 693 00:42:25,920 --> 00:42:29,879 Speaker 2: we were surrounded. They had swat teams from as far 694 00:42:29,960 --> 00:42:34,320 Speaker 2: away as Los Angeles, from Minneapolis, and all the cities 695 00:42:34,360 --> 00:42:40,040 Speaker 2: around South Dakota there within minutes. So they were housed 696 00:42:40,040 --> 00:42:43,520 Speaker 2: someplace close to the reservation because they were there within 697 00:42:44,360 --> 00:42:45,720 Speaker 2: ten minutes at the most. 698 00:42:46,400 --> 00:42:49,279 Speaker 1: In addition, there was a small single propeller plane that 699 00:42:49,280 --> 00:42:52,239 Speaker 1: had been flying around all day that was now surveilling 700 00:42:52,280 --> 00:42:53,360 Speaker 1: the siege from above. 701 00:42:54,200 --> 00:42:58,520 Speaker 5: And so this massive force comes in and in the 702 00:42:58,560 --> 00:43:02,640 Speaker 5: processual stunts who a young Native defender within the community 703 00:43:02,800 --> 00:43:06,360 Speaker 5: was shot between the eyes and two fpigands were killed. 704 00:43:07,080 --> 00:43:10,319 Speaker 2: So I told everybody, all right, come on, we got 705 00:43:10,360 --> 00:43:12,360 Speaker 2: to get out of here. So we went down to 706 00:43:12,480 --> 00:43:14,839 Speaker 2: the camp, which was about a quarter of a mile 707 00:43:14,880 --> 00:43:18,000 Speaker 2: from the house, and picked up what we could carry 708 00:43:18,040 --> 00:43:20,520 Speaker 2: and everything like this, and we knew there was the 709 00:43:20,840 --> 00:43:23,120 Speaker 2: highest hill that way, so I said, we got to 710 00:43:23,160 --> 00:43:26,200 Speaker 2: get to that place. And as we were walking down 711 00:43:26,320 --> 00:43:30,120 Speaker 2: across the creek, I had no idea who was out there. 712 00:43:30,120 --> 00:43:34,720 Speaker 2: On the roads, and we knew was surrounded. So I said, 713 00:43:34,760 --> 00:43:36,480 Speaker 2: we got to get out of here. We got to 714 00:43:36,520 --> 00:43:38,680 Speaker 2: somehow find a hole to get out of here. 715 00:43:39,120 --> 00:43:41,560 Speaker 6: Leonard wanted to get and get in a vat and 716 00:43:41,800 --> 00:43:44,719 Speaker 6: run a roadblock and get out of there. And I 717 00:43:44,719 --> 00:43:48,160 Speaker 6: told Leonard, I think that would be complete suicide. And 718 00:43:48,200 --> 00:43:50,520 Speaker 6: so we all knelt down and we started praying. 719 00:43:51,280 --> 00:43:53,239 Speaker 2: I told these guys, come on, let's just say a 720 00:43:53,320 --> 00:43:56,279 Speaker 2: prayer here, asking the Great Spirit to lead us out 721 00:43:56,280 --> 00:43:57,719 Speaker 2: of there. And all of a sudden, there was a 722 00:43:57,800 --> 00:44:00,799 Speaker 2: shadow in the trees and there was a like something 723 00:44:00,920 --> 00:44:03,600 Speaker 2: was big was flying there. And I looked up and 724 00:44:03,640 --> 00:44:06,880 Speaker 2: I seen it. These eagles took off under the trees. 725 00:44:07,920 --> 00:44:11,560 Speaker 2: Norman Brown says he also seen it. Everybody else didn't 726 00:44:11,560 --> 00:44:14,279 Speaker 2: see it, but he heard it too, and he's seen it. 727 00:44:14,719 --> 00:44:17,680 Speaker 6: So Norman said, let's follow that eagle. So we followed 728 00:44:17,680 --> 00:44:21,919 Speaker 6: that eagle brought us to this calvert that ran under 729 00:44:21,960 --> 00:44:26,920 Speaker 6: the road, and we all went into that culvert and 730 00:44:27,040 --> 00:44:30,759 Speaker 6: Leonard went first and I went second, and there was 731 00:44:30,800 --> 00:44:34,560 Speaker 6: an airplane flying around. It was there since early morning. 732 00:44:35,480 --> 00:44:38,000 Speaker 6: So Leonard said, well, let's pray pray for that airplane 733 00:44:38,040 --> 00:44:42,080 Speaker 6: to leave. So me and him started praying, and after 734 00:44:42,120 --> 00:44:44,200 Speaker 6: we got done, that plane left. It went back to 735 00:44:44,280 --> 00:44:47,080 Speaker 6: Pine Ridge to gas up. I guess I don't know what, 736 00:44:47,719 --> 00:44:50,480 Speaker 6: but it left. And when it left, we called everybody 737 00:44:50,480 --> 00:44:53,239 Speaker 6: out of the culvert and we sent the women up 738 00:44:53,239 --> 00:44:53,600 Speaker 6: the hill. 739 00:44:53,680 --> 00:44:54,040 Speaker 5: First. 740 00:44:54,719 --> 00:44:57,359 Speaker 2: We had some young fourteen fifteen year old kids with us, 741 00:44:57,800 --> 00:45:00,640 Speaker 2: and my responsibility is to make sure that they safe, 742 00:45:01,120 --> 00:45:04,799 Speaker 2: and I believe in the Great Spirit helped us get 743 00:45:04,800 --> 00:45:07,560 Speaker 2: out of there. How did we find that hole? What? 744 00:45:07,920 --> 00:45:11,279 Speaker 2: Why did those cops leave that area? I mean it 745 00:45:11,400 --> 00:45:13,799 Speaker 2: was what three cars I believe it, it's maybe even 746 00:45:13,840 --> 00:45:16,759 Speaker 2: been four took off from that area where we went 747 00:45:16,840 --> 00:45:21,880 Speaker 2: under this culvert. I swear on my Shinoopa, I swear 748 00:45:22,040 --> 00:45:25,640 Speaker 2: to my God. If we hadn't fought back, we probably 749 00:45:25,800 --> 00:45:28,200 Speaker 2: all got chilled. This was a war. 750 00:45:29,680 --> 00:45:32,719 Speaker 1: And this is where we'll stop in the first of 751 00:45:32,800 --> 00:45:39,279 Speaker 1: three episodes covering the absolutely insane, wrongful conviction story of 752 00:45:39,400 --> 00:45:42,560 Speaker 1: Leonard Peltier. And there's so much left to come. 753 00:45:43,680 --> 00:45:46,080 Speaker 2: I sent them ahead of me. I told them, go, 754 00:45:46,480 --> 00:45:47,080 Speaker 2: I'll take. 755 00:45:47,040 --> 00:45:47,560 Speaker 5: Up the rear. 756 00:45:47,719 --> 00:45:49,799 Speaker 6: I could just feel the bullets buzzing around me. 757 00:45:50,160 --> 00:45:54,719 Speaker 5: They even included at one point every Native man who 758 00:45:54,800 --> 00:45:57,879 Speaker 5: had ever been in combat in Indo, China on their 759 00:45:57,920 --> 00:45:58,680 Speaker 5: suspect list. 760 00:45:59,040 --> 00:46:01,880 Speaker 2: Wow, they also included a four year old and we 761 00:46:02,040 --> 00:46:04,520 Speaker 2: didn't know why we were the ones being accused. 762 00:46:05,000 --> 00:46:06,759 Speaker 6: My little brother, he said, when he woke up an 763 00:46:06,880 --> 00:46:09,200 Speaker 6: Fbis was pointing a pistol in his head and says, 764 00:46:09,200 --> 00:46:10,520 Speaker 6: worre's your fucking brother. 765 00:46:10,320 --> 00:46:13,799 Speaker 2: At Marlon Brando gave us a mobile home. I went 766 00:46:13,840 --> 00:46:16,400 Speaker 2: to Canada of Astra asylum and they were supposed to 767 00:46:16,400 --> 00:46:20,080 Speaker 2: produce any evidence that they had against me, and very 768 00:46:20,080 --> 00:46:23,239 Speaker 2: conservative judge said, there is no evidence. 769 00:46:23,400 --> 00:46:26,040 Speaker 5: In the Dino Butler trial, we were able to present 770 00:46:26,320 --> 00:46:30,560 Speaker 5: members of the community who helped the jury understand what 771 00:46:30,920 --> 00:46:32,440 Speaker 5: was regarded as the reign of terror. 772 00:46:32,640 --> 00:46:35,319 Speaker 2: If they did that to a white community, they would 773 00:46:35,360 --> 00:46:36,439 Speaker 2: have been shot too. 774 00:46:36,719 --> 00:46:38,759 Speaker 6: That Leonard Woods to try with us there and see 775 00:46:38,800 --> 00:46:40,880 Speaker 6: the rapids who would have never been convicted. 776 00:46:41,200 --> 00:46:46,360 Speaker 1: Because Dino and Robert were acquitted, they changed the whole story. 777 00:46:46,200 --> 00:46:48,600 Speaker 5: And the testimony becomes much more definitive. 778 00:46:48,920 --> 00:46:51,239 Speaker 2: I never met her in my life, but she was 779 00:46:51,280 --> 00:46:55,200 Speaker 2: claiming she was my girlfriend, and that was the beginning 780 00:46:55,239 --> 00:46:57,680 Speaker 2: of the type of trial I was going to receive. 781 00:46:58,040 --> 00:47:00,200 Speaker 6: There was a kangaroo court all the way. 782 00:47:01,000 --> 00:47:03,440 Speaker 1: Don't forget to tune in for episode two of our 783 00:47:03,480 --> 00:47:13,200 Speaker 1: coverage of Leonard Peltier's Wrongful Conviction. Thank you for listening 784 00:47:13,200 --> 00:47:15,759 Speaker 1: to Wrongful Conviction. You can listen to this and all 785 00:47:15,840 --> 00:47:18,600 Speaker 1: the Lava for Good podcasts one week early and ad 786 00:47:18,640 --> 00:47:22,480 Speaker 1: free by subscribing to Lava for Good Plus on Apple Podcasts. 787 00:47:22,560 --> 00:47:25,040 Speaker 1: I want to thank our production team, Connor Hall and 788 00:47:25,120 --> 00:47:28,520 Speaker 1: Kathleen Fink, as well as my fellow executive producers Jeff Kempler, 789 00:47:28,680 --> 00:47:31,320 Speaker 1: Kevin Wartis, and Jeff Kliber The music in this production 790 00:47:31,440 --> 00:47:34,520 Speaker 1: was supplied by three time OSCAR nominated composer Jay Ralph. 791 00:47:34,719 --> 00:47:37,320 Speaker 1: Be sure to follow us across all social media platforms 792 00:47:37,400 --> 00:47:40,279 Speaker 1: at Lava for Good and at Wrongful Conviction. You can 793 00:47:40,320 --> 00:47:43,480 Speaker 1: also follow me on Instagram at It's Jason Flamm. Wrongful 794 00:47:43,480 --> 00:47:46,040 Speaker 1: Conviction is a production of Lava for Good Podcasts and 795 00:47:46,160 --> 00:47:48,319 Speaker 1: association with Signal Company Number One. 796 00:47:48,440 --> 00:47:50,880 Speaker 7: We have worked hard to ensure that all facts reported 797 00:47:50,920 --> 00:47:53,720 Speaker 7: in this show are accurate. The views and opinions expressed 798 00:47:53,719 --> 00:47:56,080 Speaker 7: by the individuals featured in this show are their own 799 00:47:56,160 --> 00:47:58,919 Speaker 7: and do not necessarily reflect those of Lava for Good. 800 00:48:05,600 --> 00:48:05,920 Speaker 2: Sh