WEBVTT - Bioluminescence: A Bright and Shiny Fish 0:00:00.280 --> 0:00:02.840 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 0:00:03.160 --> 0:00:07.520 It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you Should Know? 0:00:08.119 --> 0:00:16.400 From House Stuff Works dot Com? Hey, and welcome to 0:00:16.440 --> 0:00:20.160 the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuff Bryant 0:00:20.760 --> 0:00:24.000 and uh. You put us together and you get a 0:00:24.000 --> 0:00:26.119 little something called Stuff you Should Know. And that's what 0:00:26.239 --> 0:00:29.240 this is. Whether you like it or not, you have 0:00:29.400 --> 0:00:32.760 to listen to it. It's try. Um. Actually, no one 0:00:32.760 --> 0:00:37.600 has to listen to this. It's part of both Obama's 0:00:37.640 --> 0:00:42.560 and Romney's platforms. Yeah, it's a part of Obamacare. You 0:00:42.640 --> 0:00:44.200 gotta listen to Stuff you Should Know, and you gotta 0:00:44.200 --> 0:00:46.480 get an r f D chip in your hand, and 0:00:46.680 --> 0:00:49.600 you have to give poor people all your money. None 0:00:49.600 --> 0:00:51.720 of that is true, that you have to listen to 0:00:51.720 --> 0:00:56.720 the podcast and the porpulal part um. Chuck, how's it going? 0:00:56.840 --> 0:00:59.560 It's great. Are you feeling sick? Do you need any 0:00:59.640 --> 0:01:02.560 kind of here Obama or otherwise? Now? Are you feeling sick? 0:01:02.680 --> 0:01:06.720 I'm fine. Chance, like my shoulder muscles are gonna pop 0:01:06.800 --> 0:01:08.759 right out of my skin. I went to that foot 0:01:08.800 --> 0:01:10.679 massage play some Buford Highway the other day. You ever 0:01:10.760 --> 0:01:15.080 been there. M hm. Treat your feet Is that what 0:01:15.120 --> 0:01:17.440 it's called. Yeah, that's a great name. They'll they'll do 0:01:17.480 --> 0:01:20.080 an hour on your feet for bucks if that's what 0:01:20.120 --> 0:01:23.240 you desire. Oh yeah, I know. About a little bit 0:01:23.240 --> 0:01:25.600 bit into it, they'll ask you like, would you want 0:01:25.640 --> 0:01:27.640 to go half and half, like half body half foot, 0:01:27.680 --> 0:01:29.960 because basically they get you in there, they're going at 0:01:30.000 --> 0:01:32.480 your feet and you're like, you know, I don't know 0:01:32.520 --> 0:01:34.800 if I could do an hour on my feet. Each 0:01:34.840 --> 0:01:37.120 toe has gotten their own massage at this point, like 0:01:37.160 --> 0:01:40.119 they're just jelly cracked your toes. Yeah, so they think, yeah, 0:01:40.200 --> 0:01:42.360 you know, i'll pay another twenty bucks for the body, 0:01:42.680 --> 0:01:45.640 right they give you t it's really nice. You should go. 0:01:45.680 --> 0:01:47.440 It does sound nice, but it's not like private. Like 0:01:47.440 --> 0:01:50.520 you're in a big room with like fifteen recliners. Everyone's 0:01:50.520 --> 0:01:52.720 just sitting around and well we've gotten backrubs at the 0:01:52.720 --> 0:01:55.240 mall before. Yeah, that's true. You remember, I don't know 0:01:55.280 --> 0:01:57.920 how I got on this Treat your feet Buford Highway. 0:01:58.040 --> 0:02:01.200 Go eat some fun and then go get your foot massage. 0:02:01.280 --> 0:02:03.720 Where's good fun around here? We're trying to figure that out. 0:02:03.760 --> 0:02:09.120 The Yeah, where uh if you are we going to 0:02:09.200 --> 0:02:14.040 do this now. Okay, I like fun number two, um, 0:02:14.080 --> 0:02:20.320 which is past Claremont. Um, it's in a little shopping center. 0:02:21.200 --> 0:02:23.320 Just look it up, okay, I mean it's it's all good, 0:02:23.760 --> 0:02:26.840 all good fun. Um. Yeah. I don't know how we 0:02:26.880 --> 0:02:30.480 got on there, but some places on Beaureford Highway. Oh 0:02:30.480 --> 0:02:34.280 you use some money, seriously, at least some free fun. Um. 0:02:34.280 --> 0:02:37.640 This has nothing to do with bioluminescence. No, it doesn't. 0:02:37.720 --> 0:02:42.000 Although sometimes if you stir your funt around, chuck, you're 0:02:42.000 --> 0:02:47.800 gonna see some um fungus possibly rise to the top 0:02:48.000 --> 0:02:50.640 a couple of times. Right, Yeah, that's a good one too. 0:02:51.120 --> 0:02:55.080 And um, where those things still alive and not cooked, 0:02:55.840 --> 0:03:00.079 they possibly might glow. And where they to glow, you 0:03:00.120 --> 0:03:04.280 would say, look at those things, they're bioluminescing. That's right, 0:03:05.360 --> 0:03:07.960 because that's what they do. It is a life form 0:03:08.040 --> 0:03:12.760 that generates their own glow inside their body, their own life. Yeah, 0:03:12.880 --> 0:03:18.239 pretty awesome. And um, you I read a different um 0:03:18.480 --> 0:03:21.040 study It was like, what what's the deal with this? 0:03:21.280 --> 0:03:24.680 Because this is still very much a mystery. Um, we 0:03:24.760 --> 0:03:28.080 have an idea of how this goes down, but not 0:03:28.160 --> 0:03:32.000 in every case. We also don't understand why in a 0:03:32.040 --> 0:03:35.400 lot of cases, um, and in in some cases we 0:03:35.400 --> 0:03:39.200 don't understand how. And the thing is is, I don't 0:03:39.320 --> 0:03:42.560 think it's that it's out of the grasp of science 0:03:42.600 --> 0:03:45.800 to understand it. I think that when researchers are looking 0:03:45.840 --> 0:03:48.640 into this, they just they become so transfixed on the 0:03:48.640 --> 0:03:50.960 beautiful glow that they forget what they're doing and waste 0:03:50.960 --> 0:03:52.960 tons of time. And then all of a sudden, you're like, oh, 0:03:53.000 --> 0:03:55.880 I gotta publish our Paris. And then it's just like 0:03:56.000 --> 0:03:58.720 they just write why on a piece of paper and 0:03:59.440 --> 0:04:03.240 send it in, as Tracy Wilson of Pop Stuff Great 0:04:03.240 --> 0:04:06.160 Podcast points out, and Tracy's articles are always awesome. Yeah, 0:04:06.240 --> 0:04:08.080 oh man, they're comprehensive. You know, I never have to 0:04:08.120 --> 0:04:14.040 worry about it. Um. Sadly, sometimes scientists can either harm 0:04:15.000 --> 0:04:18.480 the light making magic when they try to study them, 0:04:18.760 --> 0:04:21.839 this makes it hard to study, or the animal will 0:04:21.880 --> 0:04:26.880 exhaust it's light making glow capabilities out of like fear 0:04:26.960 --> 0:04:30.320 or defense or spite or spite, which will also make 0:04:30.320 --> 0:04:32.680 it hard to study. So those are a couple of reasons, 0:04:32.800 --> 0:04:38.320 and the whole just why right. So, Um, we do 0:04:38.400 --> 0:04:42.039 have a pretty good handle to some extent, But let's 0:04:42.080 --> 0:04:47.760 talk about what luminescence itself is right with that this 0:04:47.920 --> 0:04:50.279 light bulb right here in this a key of brand 0:04:50.360 --> 0:04:55.960 lamp um. It's incandescent. It's an incandescent light bulb. I 0:04:55.960 --> 0:04:59.240 think this is an edison bulb is oh? Is it 0:04:59.279 --> 0:05:02.160 like the real old amy looking one sort of um? 0:05:02.240 --> 0:05:07.200 So that is pretty simple. It has electricity that passes 0:05:07.360 --> 0:05:12.880 through a filment, just a thin metal piece of something metal, 0:05:13.800 --> 0:05:16.080 and that heats up, and it heats up so much 0:05:16.160 --> 0:05:20.360 that it gives off light, which is incredibly inefficient. And 0:05:20.800 --> 0:05:22.840 if say a jellyfish for to do this, it would 0:05:22.880 --> 0:05:27.239 catch fire even though it's under water. Right, So what 0:05:27.400 --> 0:05:30.520 um living organisms do when they want to give off 0:05:30.640 --> 0:05:35.800 light is something called cold light or bioluminescence, which is 0:05:35.960 --> 0:05:40.040 the combination of chemicals that produce light like a glow stick, 0:05:40.160 --> 0:05:42.680 but no heat. But it is just like a glow stick. 0:05:42.760 --> 0:05:45.800 You're combining two things that will make a glow exactly, 0:05:45.839 --> 0:05:51.000 except you don't have to shake up the jellyfish. They 0:05:51.080 --> 0:05:53.279 do not like that. Or it's like the glow sticks 0:05:53.279 --> 0:05:56.799 that I used to sell very often at Stone Mountain 0:05:56.880 --> 0:05:59.520 Laser Show. It's like the glows free Summer that I 0:05:59.680 --> 0:06:03.320 used to dance with at races. You were at raves 0:06:03.440 --> 0:06:07.359 and I was selling these things during like Lee Greenwoods, 0:06:08.120 --> 0:06:11.880 Lee Greenwood, Lee Green Would you Proud to be an American? Yeah? Boy, 0:06:11.880 --> 0:06:15.920 I heard that song five thousand times. So bad. Anyone 0:06:15.920 --> 0:06:18.680 who's never been to a Stone Mountain, Georgia. They have 0:06:18.680 --> 0:06:20.400 a big rock there and they have a laser show 0:06:20.440 --> 0:06:22.440 on it during the summer. It's a big rock that 0:06:22.520 --> 0:06:26.520 has a basically the Confederate heroes carved into the side 0:06:26.520 --> 0:06:29.360 of it by the guy who did Mount Rushmore. How's 0:06:29.360 --> 0:06:31.440 that the same guy? Huh? Yeah, And they show a 0:06:31.560 --> 0:06:35.359 very corny laser show every summer since like the early 0:06:35.480 --> 0:06:38.000 nineteen eighties, and not just once this summer, like every 0:06:38.080 --> 0:06:40.280 night during the summer. Yeah, that's why I've heard it 0:06:40.320 --> 0:06:42.960 ten thousand times. It's something And Chuck, you still work there. 0:06:42.960 --> 0:06:45.799 I think you left that out selling gloves sticks sticks 0:06:46.000 --> 0:06:49.200 full circle. Yes, all right, let's quit stalling. Let's talk 0:06:49.240 --> 0:06:53.520 about bioluminescence. Okay, that's all over the place. Uh. Like 0:06:53.560 --> 0:06:55.160 you said, we don't know exactly how it works in 0:06:55.200 --> 0:06:59.200 all cases, but we do know that these animals do 0:06:59.440 --> 0:07:01.960 mix together. There are different substances, just like a glow stick, 0:07:01.960 --> 0:07:08.560 wood and to turn their little glow on and off. Um. 0:07:08.560 --> 0:07:11.200 Here on the planet, not in the ocean, because that's 0:07:11.200 --> 0:07:13.680 where most of the stuff takes place here on planet Earth. 0:07:13.720 --> 0:07:17.000 On the dry land. Uh, you can have things glowing 0:07:17.120 --> 0:07:21.000 like fox fire, which is this fungus that feeds on 0:07:21.080 --> 0:07:24.320 rotting wood. You look at pictures of fox fire. Pretty cool. Yeah, 0:07:24.880 --> 0:07:27.600 doesn't look real, but it's real. It's very real. Um. 0:07:27.640 --> 0:07:30.280 The jack O lander mushroom you can google that as well. 0:07:30.600 --> 0:07:34.200 That's my favorite bioluminous in organism. Why just because it's 0:07:34.240 --> 0:07:37.760 the South on land on Terra Firma, because it's a 0:07:37.840 --> 0:07:41.000 perfectly named thing, the jack O lantern mushroom. Like it 0:07:41.040 --> 0:07:44.760 has that glow coming through the gills, um, and just 0:07:44.880 --> 0:07:47.320 the gills, so it looks like there's like this glow 0:07:47.360 --> 0:07:50.080 coming inside and there's like holes where it's coming out of. 0:07:50.120 --> 0:07:53.960 It's so neat. My favorite on Terra Firma is the 0:07:54.040 --> 0:07:57.640 lightning bug a k a. The firefly. Here in the 0:07:57.680 --> 0:07:59.360 South and I guess I'm not sure where else it 0:07:59.520 --> 0:08:03.280 on lightning bugs, but definitely in the Sound. You'll see 0:08:03.320 --> 0:08:05.520 them come out every summer and if you're a little kid, 0:08:05.560 --> 0:08:08.320 you can go around and catch them. And put them 0:08:08.320 --> 0:08:11.280 in a jar and then and then release them. And 0:08:11.320 --> 0:08:13.800 in fact you may be harming them just by catching them. 0:08:13.960 --> 0:08:15.640 But what you don't want to do if you're a 0:08:15.680 --> 0:08:20.360 kid is like smash these things because it's just yeah, 0:08:20.400 --> 0:08:22.040 that means you're gonna end up being a serial killer 0:08:22.080 --> 0:08:28.960 one day probably. Uh. So the firefly is uh, you 0:08:29.000 --> 0:08:31.200 know you generally you think of them as the adults 0:08:31.280 --> 0:08:33.760 lying around, but their little larva can glow as well 0:08:33.920 --> 0:08:36.320 on the ground, right, And a lot of people call 0:08:36.520 --> 0:08:39.680 um firefly lava glow worms, but glow worms are apparently 0:08:40.240 --> 0:08:44.840 another kind of fly larvae. Fireflies are fireflies or lightning bugs. 0:08:44.920 --> 0:08:48.640 That's right, um, centipedes, millipedes, there's all all kinds of 0:08:48.640 --> 0:08:52.160 little things that can glow worms. Uh, there's some worms 0:08:52.160 --> 0:08:56.280 that give off a bioluminescent sludge and no one has 0:08:56.320 --> 0:08:59.120 any idea why is it their poop and then pop it? 0:08:59.120 --> 0:09:04.680 I don't think so. Ober. The the the secretion they 0:09:04.840 --> 0:09:08.520 produce when they're mating and all that, it's probably like that. 0:09:08.559 --> 0:09:10.360 It probably comes from the ring. I can't remember the 0:09:10.400 --> 0:09:12.520 name of the ring. So that's on Earth. But if 0:09:12.520 --> 0:09:15.720 you really want to get down to some cool, glowing creatures. 0:09:16.120 --> 0:09:19.280 You need to dive down into the ocean to the 0:09:19.320 --> 0:09:22.480 twilight zone, which I think we've talked about that, haven't 0:09:22.520 --> 0:09:25.920 we know? We talked about it in biospeleiol in caves. Yeah, 0:09:26.000 --> 0:09:29.720 there's different zones of light penetration in caves and in 0:09:29.760 --> 0:09:33.040 the ocean too, that's right. Um, the twilight zone is 0:09:33.120 --> 0:09:40.040 generally about six hundred sixty two feet deep. Six It 0:09:40.120 --> 0:09:43.960 depends because obviously different kinds of ocean water are gonna 0:09:44.080 --> 0:09:46.080 allow different amounts of light in. It depends on what 0:09:46.080 --> 0:09:50.200 the ocean floor looks like, but it is, um, it 0:09:50.320 --> 0:09:54.920 is the dysphotic or poorly lit zone deeper than the 0:09:54.920 --> 0:10:00.920 euphotic sunlit zone or good zone or shout or then 0:10:01.000 --> 0:10:05.480 the aphotic midnight zone, which is like scary no light. 0:10:05.880 --> 0:10:07.960 That's a scary time down there, right. Those are the 0:10:08.000 --> 0:10:12.280 things down there that have like no eyes, right, because 0:10:12.280 --> 0:10:16.440 there's no reason, same like with the caves. So um, yeah, 0:10:16.480 --> 0:10:20.800 I remember what was the Prometheus Salaman just three ft 0:10:20.800 --> 0:10:23.280 long and doesn't have eyes. The scariest thing ever except 0:10:23.280 --> 0:10:26.120 for the cigar shark, which will actually get do in here. Okay, 0:10:26.200 --> 0:10:29.200 so is that the cookie cutter shark man that things 0:10:29.240 --> 0:10:34.680 frightening um. So in this uh, this twilight zone, the 0:10:34.760 --> 0:10:41.240 desphotic zone or mezo pelagic zone, mesopelagic zone, stop laughing 0:10:41.280 --> 0:10:44.760 at me. Uh there, this is where most of the 0:10:44.800 --> 0:10:48.920 bioluminescent organisms on Earth can be found. And the light 0:10:48.960 --> 0:10:53.120 that penetrates this area um is a blue green color 0:10:53.600 --> 0:10:58.079 because the red, yellow, orange. Yeah, the red, yellow and 0:10:58.120 --> 0:11:01.360 orange are absorbed by the seawater above and the violet 0:11:01.480 --> 0:11:03.680 is scattered, so the blue and the green are the 0:11:03.720 --> 0:11:06.360 ones that get through. So everything's just kind of color 0:11:06.400 --> 0:11:09.160 blue green. That's what the sunlight is. So most of 0:11:09.200 --> 0:11:14.520 the bioluminescent organisms in this um dysphotic zone, dysphotic zone 0:11:14.920 --> 0:11:20.040 have evolved to produce light at that same wavelength from 0:11:20.040 --> 0:11:23.520 something like four four hundred seventy nanometers, which is like 0:11:23.559 --> 0:11:28.000 the blue green spectrum. That's right, So matches that sunlight, yeah, 0:11:28.320 --> 0:11:30.840 which is pretty cool. Yeah, well we'll get to it. 0:11:30.840 --> 0:11:33.920 But it can lead to some cool things like camouflage. 0:11:34.360 --> 0:11:37.880 So uh, the but it also means that it travels farther. 0:11:38.120 --> 0:11:41.080 Light travels that that type of light travels the farthest 0:11:41.120 --> 0:11:43.600 and water because it has a shorter wavelength than the 0:11:43.600 --> 0:11:49.040 other types. So an animal producing this could really cook 0:11:49.320 --> 0:11:54.840 down there basically. Yeah. Uh, we're talking jellyfish, shrimp, grill, squid, 0:11:56.080 --> 0:11:58.560 other kinds of fish, marine worms, whatever the heck that 0:11:58.720 --> 0:12:02.640 is therely what you think it is. Yeah, what are 0:12:02.640 --> 0:12:04.800 those one worms called? It like come up out of 0:12:04.840 --> 0:12:09.040 the little tubes tube worms? Oh yeah, yeah, I believe 0:12:09.040 --> 0:12:12.040 that's what they're called. Um, either that or it just 0:12:12.120 --> 0:12:16.600 made some terrible like sixth grade joke. But um. They 0:12:16.720 --> 0:12:20.480 they they are like on the ocean bottom and they 0:12:20.880 --> 0:12:24.440 they have they just come out of these tubes and 0:12:24.480 --> 0:12:27.280 grab stuff and go back in there like three ft long. 0:12:28.360 --> 0:12:31.760 You've not seen this sea snake to me. Yeah, but 0:12:31.800 --> 0:12:34.960 they're I think they're attached or they may be attached 0:12:34.960 --> 0:12:38.000 to their tubes, or they just never come all the 0:12:38.000 --> 0:12:40.800 way out. I'm gonna have to look into that. Yeah. 0:12:40.640 --> 0:12:43.120 Uh so you talked about the blue green light is 0:12:43.120 --> 0:12:45.920 what they generally produce. Um, there is something called the 0:12:45.960 --> 0:12:50.240 loose jawfish, which actually can make red light very deep 0:12:50.240 --> 0:12:52.320 in the ocean. But that's really unusual that can make 0:12:52.360 --> 0:12:56.319 red light, and it's um. A lot of species can't 0:12:56.320 --> 0:12:58.680 even see the color red down there because I don't 0:12:58.679 --> 0:13:00.520 know if they're just their brains aren't used to it 0:13:00.720 --> 0:13:03.240 because they never see it. So the loose jaw uses 0:13:03.280 --> 0:13:09.000 this thing um to to basically sneak up on people. Um, 0:13:09.040 --> 0:13:11.240 it's like Jane Gum at the end of silence of 0:13:11.240 --> 0:13:14.400 the lamb and and like the fish are like Jodie 0:13:14.400 --> 0:13:19.280 Foster like, and Jane Gum is the loose jaw fish 0:13:19.320 --> 0:13:21.719 coming up behind her like I can see you, you 0:13:21.760 --> 0:13:25.920 can't see me. So, like we said earlier, we don't 0:13:25.960 --> 0:13:30.600 know for sure why all these uh, bioluminescent forms of 0:13:30.640 --> 0:13:33.920 life are down there doing their thing. Um. You did 0:13:34.000 --> 0:13:36.319 mention the earthworm that has the secretion. They don't know 0:13:36.360 --> 0:13:41.160 why they do that. The mushroom spores, they think that 0:13:41.280 --> 0:13:44.319 maybe it's um to attract insect to spread these spores. 0:13:44.600 --> 0:13:49.200 That's why the mushroom glows makes sense. Um Sometimes and 0:13:49.240 --> 0:13:52.600 this one's kind of cute. Sometimes animals will light up 0:13:53.040 --> 0:13:56.199 when something nearby them lights up, which I think might 0:13:56.240 --> 0:13:58.480 just be a little like, hey, how you doing, I 0:13:58.480 --> 0:14:01.440 can glow too, Well, that's how far a fliers are doing. Yeah, 0:14:01.520 --> 0:14:05.960 they're attracting mates right with it, like a very specific 0:14:06.000 --> 0:14:09.800 pattern right there. They used it to communicate like, hey, 0:14:10.000 --> 0:14:14.720 you're looking pretty good. Meet you by the fence post, right, yeah, um, 0:14:14.840 --> 0:14:19.680 let's go get some fun. So should we talk about 0:14:19.720 --> 0:14:25.360 the dino flagellates, the dino flagellates, dino flagelates? Am I 0:14:25.400 --> 0:14:28.160 pronouncing it wrong? No? I think that was wrong? Okay, 0:14:28.800 --> 0:14:31.800 well yeah, So have you ever seen Apolar thirteen? Yeah? 0:14:32.000 --> 0:14:34.840 You remember the part where um they had a problem. 0:14:35.280 --> 0:14:40.160 Is it Tom level? Gym level? Where gym level? And 0:14:40.320 --> 0:14:42.680 UH is hanging out with Bill Paxton and they're talking 0:14:42.720 --> 0:14:46.800 about how they're just shooting the breeze while they're trying 0:14:46.800 --> 0:14:50.840 to stay alive, and um he talks about how he 0:14:50.920 --> 0:14:55.400 was flying a mission, um coming in on an aircraft carrier, 0:14:55.400 --> 0:14:58.480 and there was a blackout and he couldn't see where 0:14:58.480 --> 0:15:00.600 he's going, he couldn't find the aircraft carry to land. 0:15:00.640 --> 0:15:02.840 He's running low and fuel. Then all of a sudden 0:15:02.840 --> 0:15:04.840 he looks and he notices that there's a bunch of 0:15:05.040 --> 0:15:08.520 um he calls it like glowing algae or whatever. But 0:15:08.600 --> 0:15:11.840 what he's talking about where dino flagelets that were kicked 0:15:11.920 --> 0:15:14.680 up by the wake of the aircraft carrier and he 0:15:14.800 --> 0:15:17.440 used them as like a runway to guide them in. 0:15:17.480 --> 0:15:19.520 I remember that part. That's a great part that whole 0:15:19.560 --> 0:15:23.640 movie from like start to finish with. But these dino 0:15:23.680 --> 0:15:26.200 flagelets create what's called the milky sea when you get 0:15:26.320 --> 0:15:30.560 enough of them together, when they're disturbed physically, they start 0:15:30.600 --> 0:15:32.280 to glow. And if you have a bunch of them, 0:15:32.320 --> 0:15:34.640 you can see him from space. Actually in this article 0:15:34.680 --> 0:15:38.840 there's a picture of a pretty substantial milky sea off 0:15:38.840 --> 0:15:42.320 the coast of Africa. Pretty cool stuff. And if you 0:15:42.320 --> 0:15:45.000 google milky Sea two you can see some like that's 0:15:45.000 --> 0:15:47.760 cool looking. But I like the shots from like low 0:15:47.800 --> 0:15:53.800 flying planes, helicopters and uh a little eerie. Yeah, that 0:15:53.880 --> 0:15:56.640 may say. So. They have no idea again, why dino 0:15:56.680 --> 0:16:00.680 flagelates would glow when they're disturbed. Obviously they're like trying 0:16:00.680 --> 0:16:04.960 to register their complaint. They can't talk, you can't flip 0:16:04.960 --> 0:16:10.240 anyone off, so they glow out of anger. Apparently, Um, 0:16:10.480 --> 0:16:13.200 they they there's a theory called the burglar alarm theory. 0:16:13.280 --> 0:16:16.640 I like this one. Or basically they think that, um, 0:16:16.720 --> 0:16:20.320 when dino flage lets start to glow, it's because there's 0:16:20.360 --> 0:16:24.960 little fish eating on them, right, which is disturbing. They 0:16:24.960 --> 0:16:28.640 think that maybe they glow to basically alert larger fish 0:16:28.680 --> 0:16:30.840 that will come eat the smaller fish so they'll stop 0:16:30.840 --> 0:16:33.760 eating the dino flagelets. That there's little fish in the area. 0:16:34.040 --> 0:16:39.000 Pretty awesome, Like hey, help come eat this guy because 0:16:39.040 --> 0:16:42.920 you're bigger. Uh. Here's some other and you know, these 0:16:42.960 --> 0:16:45.360 are the ones that are the most understood because there 0:16:45.400 --> 0:16:47.400 is a lot of uncertainty, Like we said, like ten 0:16:47.440 --> 0:16:51.240 times um. But here's here's some of the reasons that 0:16:51.320 --> 0:16:53.880 they think they're doing this communication, which we've mentioned with 0:16:53.920 --> 0:16:57.480 the firefly or the lightning bug. Uh, to locate food, 0:16:57.920 --> 0:17:00.000 maybe to use it as an actual light to see 0:17:00.240 --> 0:17:04.240 in the dark. Pretty cool, or a spotlight to catch prey, 0:17:04.800 --> 0:17:09.320 oh like temporarily blind something gotcha? Or no, to like 0:17:09.440 --> 0:17:12.440 go find it. It's very dark in here. I need 0:17:12.440 --> 0:17:15.360 to see what fish are around to attract prey, like 0:17:15.480 --> 0:17:19.720 the anglerfish, Like look at this bright glow, come here, chomp. Yeah. 0:17:19.720 --> 0:17:22.760 I love that one. What was that in Finding Nemo Man? 0:17:22.760 --> 0:17:27.080 The thing was scary. I didn't see that movie, good one, Camouflage. 0:17:27.160 --> 0:17:29.120 I don't watch any of those anymore because Emily doesn't 0:17:29.160 --> 0:17:31.960 like him. Oh, yes, she doesn't like Disney movies. She 0:17:32.000 --> 0:17:34.480 doesn't like any of those Pixar movies because it's always 0:17:34.520 --> 0:17:37.199 like some tragedy like someone dies in its heartbreak and 0:17:37.280 --> 0:17:40.080 keep her away from toy story three. Dude, I can't 0:17:40.119 --> 0:17:42.359 even watch that movie. I made her watch up and 0:17:42.400 --> 0:17:44.840 she was just like a like a little blob of 0:17:44.920 --> 0:17:49.040 play the first ten minutes or this so sad. God. 0:17:49.160 --> 0:17:50.840 But I always explained to her, like, this is why 0:17:50.840 --> 0:17:52.600 they make these movies, so kids can learn how to 0:17:53.080 --> 0:17:54.879 cope with death. And then they see like it's all 0:17:54.920 --> 0:17:59.720 happy afterwards, you know, all right, camouflage this is the 0:17:59.760 --> 0:18:02.520 cool this one, yeah, and the it's pretty. It makes 0:18:02.520 --> 0:18:04.159 sense too. If you're in the ocean, and if you 0:18:04.240 --> 0:18:06.960 ever like swum down ten or fift ft and looked 0:18:07.040 --> 0:18:10.960 up open your eyes in the ocean, I've done it. Um. 0:18:11.000 --> 0:18:13.160 It's it's hard to see stuff below you, but it's 0:18:13.160 --> 0:18:15.520 easy to look up because you know the sunlight's penetrating 0:18:15.520 --> 0:18:18.240 down and see like the silhouette or in the case 0:18:18.280 --> 0:18:20.399 of Jaws, you see like the silhouette of the lady's 0:18:20.480 --> 0:18:24.600 legs on the raft. You know, that's good eating. Um. 0:18:24.640 --> 0:18:28.760 If you have, like in the case of what's it 0:18:28.800 --> 0:18:32.320 called counter elimination, you can actually produce spots on your 0:18:32.359 --> 0:18:35.840 underside to make it more difficult for a fish beneath you, 0:18:35.880 --> 0:18:38.280 a predator beneath you to look up and like make 0:18:38.280 --> 0:18:40.840 out what's going on, Like, you won't have the the 0:18:41.440 --> 0:18:44.560 the perfect little silhouette outline of a yummy fish. It'll 0:18:44.600 --> 0:18:47.600 confuse it, basically because you're cutting down in the contrast 0:18:48.359 --> 0:18:51.760 pretty cool, like you're creating light that blends in with 0:18:51.800 --> 0:18:54.600 that same blue green light, and all of a sudden 0:18:54.640 --> 0:18:57.680 you disappear well or just breaks up your shapes don't 0:18:57.720 --> 0:19:01.280 look like you should. Um. And then there's the opposite, 0:19:01.320 --> 0:19:04.600 the cookie cutter or cigar shark, which is the name 0:19:04.640 --> 0:19:08.600 I think you made up, Um, that's real, which basically 0:19:08.800 --> 0:19:12.800 has the reverse of that, where the bottom, the underside 0:19:12.800 --> 0:19:16.000 of the cookie cutter shark glows except for this one 0:19:16.280 --> 0:19:20.120 spot in the middle that is dark that looks like 0:19:20.359 --> 0:19:24.399 a small fish, So of shark or some other animal 0:19:24.480 --> 0:19:27.480 looking up, we'll be like, I'm gonna go eat that fish. 0:19:27.560 --> 0:19:28.920 And then all of a sudden it's like, oh god, 0:19:28.920 --> 0:19:32.840 it's a cookie cutter slash cigar shark. And then the 0:19:33.000 --> 0:19:36.160 cookie cutter shark takes a bite out of them, round 0:19:36.200 --> 0:19:38.280 bite and that's why they call it the cookie cutter. 0:19:38.560 --> 0:19:41.360 It's like a little plug of flesh and if you've 0:19:41.400 --> 0:19:44.880 ever seen google these dudes in their face, it's like 0:19:45.240 --> 0:19:47.440 the most frightening little thing you've ever seen in your life. Yeah, 0:19:47.480 --> 0:19:51.040 they're pretty terrifying. And you'll see pictures of like a 0:19:51.119 --> 0:19:53.000 shark or a whale washed up on the shore with 0:19:53.080 --> 0:19:57.040 like hundreds of these little bite plugs taken out of them. Yeah, 0:19:57.080 --> 0:20:00.240 that's pretty awful. That's a that's a terrible way to go. Yeah, 0:20:00.280 --> 0:20:02.639 but good for you, cigar shark, because you're small and 0:20:02.880 --> 0:20:05.760 you're doing what you can. Tough world down there. It's 0:20:05.800 --> 0:20:10.040 wildly you know, it's diphotic, and then self defense is 0:20:10.080 --> 0:20:13.720 the last reason. Um And basically, like a squid may 0:20:13.760 --> 0:20:16.400 release inc to cloud your vision, some of these things 0:20:16.480 --> 0:20:19.840 can release a cloud of a glowing cloud two uh, 0:20:20.119 --> 0:20:22.800 basically make you sit back and put on pink Floyd 0:20:22.880 --> 0:20:24.760 and like chill out for a little while. Yeah, I 0:20:24.800 --> 0:20:26.680 looked it up. There's a shrimp. There's a type of 0:20:26.720 --> 0:20:31.040 shrimp that releases a bioluminescent cloud. And I couldn't get 0:20:31.040 --> 0:20:34.520 the name. I saw both fire breathing and vomiting shrimp 0:20:35.440 --> 0:20:38.800 for the common names. But yeah, it just puts it out. 0:20:39.320 --> 0:20:42.000 That's not what I would want order on the menu, 0:20:42.800 --> 0:20:46.560 the fried vomiting shrimp, uh, and make sure there's extra 0:20:46.600 --> 0:20:52.120 poop in the main vain. Um. So what's going on here? How? 0:20:52.160 --> 0:20:56.919 How is this magic happening? Well, just like we've mentioned 0:20:56.920 --> 0:21:00.440 with a light stick, and involves two different substances mixed 0:21:00.440 --> 0:21:04.119 together to produce this reaction. Um. And there can be 0:21:04.119 --> 0:21:06.879 all different kinds of kinds of chemicals. But depending on 0:21:06.920 --> 0:21:14.080 the on the fish or the being, the being, the life. Uh. 0:21:14.280 --> 0:21:18.680 The g one is a a lucifer in and that's 0:21:18.680 --> 0:21:20.960 the light producer, and the other is a lucif phrase 0:21:21.560 --> 0:21:25.280 and that is the enzyme that catalyzes it. So and 0:21:25.320 --> 0:21:28.000 those aren't specific things like you you wouldn't look at 0:21:28.040 --> 0:21:30.239 the chemical composition of something and be like, oh, that's 0:21:30.359 --> 0:21:34.159 lucifer in. Something can be a lucifer and it's a 0:21:34.200 --> 0:21:37.800 generic term for something that produces light or something that 0:21:37.840 --> 0:21:41.439 catalyzes the production of light, the lucifhrase. That is correct, 0:21:42.600 --> 0:21:47.000 And they will mix together and a lot of times 0:21:47.080 --> 0:21:49.919 the lucifer in is something called a photo protein and 0:21:49.960 --> 0:21:52.120 it needs an eye on a charged ion to get 0:21:52.160 --> 0:21:54.840 things going. That would be the lucifhrase. That's right, But 0:21:55.200 --> 0:21:58.600 in all cases there's some sort of trigger. Could be mechanical, 0:21:58.640 --> 0:22:02.119 could be chemical, could be neu logical startle. Yeah, it 0:22:02.160 --> 0:22:05.000 could be something they don't understand yet, but something triggers 0:22:05.040 --> 0:22:08.960 these two things to get together and make this reaction. 0:22:09.200 --> 0:22:12.560 And one thing that I didn't realize was the word 0:22:12.640 --> 0:22:16.960 Lucifer means lightbringer. Yeah, I never knew that. You mean, 0:22:17.040 --> 0:22:20.240 I um went on a little side tear last night 0:22:20.240 --> 0:22:23.800 trying to figure out why the devil would be named 0:22:23.800 --> 0:22:27.160 the light Bringer? Did you find out? It's a mystery. 0:22:27.320 --> 0:22:31.920 It's um Latin and it came years, like centuries after 0:22:32.680 --> 0:22:36.160 UM the Old Testament was originally written, and I can't 0:22:36.160 --> 0:22:38.639 remember what version, but it was basically like added on 0:22:38.760 --> 0:22:44.320 by the I guess the Romans maybe added it on, 0:22:44.440 --> 0:22:47.560 but it's because it's Latin and the original version was 0:22:47.600 --> 0:22:52.680 not written in Latin. Lightbringer, the light Bringer, the morning Star, 0:22:52.880 --> 0:22:55.800 that's another way to put it. They said, maybe it 0:22:55.840 --> 0:22:58.960 had to do with Venus, because Venus is like a 0:22:59.000 --> 0:23:04.840 false are, and so maybe Lucifer is a false angel, 0:23:05.160 --> 0:23:07.840 is what they're saying. But makes sense because the devil 0:23:07.880 --> 0:23:10.800 would always come in disguise. Maybe, Yeah, I think that's 0:23:10.840 --> 0:23:14.880 weak light Bringer. That's pretty specific like what is that. 0:23:15.119 --> 0:23:17.360 I bet there's some theologian that has the answer here. 0:23:17.440 --> 0:23:19.359