1 00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:02,840 Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 2 00:00:03,160 --> 00:00:07,520 Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you Should Know? 3 00:00:08,119 --> 00:00:16,400 Speaker 1: From House Stuff Works dot Com? Hey, and welcome to 4 00:00:16,440 --> 00:00:20,160 Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuff Bryant 5 00:00:20,760 --> 00:00:24,000 Speaker 1: and uh. You put us together and you get a 6 00:00:24,000 --> 00:00:26,119 Speaker 1: little something called Stuff you Should Know. And that's what 7 00:00:26,239 --> 00:00:29,240 Speaker 1: this is. Whether you like it or not, you have 8 00:00:29,400 --> 00:00:32,760 Speaker 1: to listen to it. It's try. Um. Actually, no one 9 00:00:32,760 --> 00:00:37,600 Speaker 1: has to listen to this. It's part of both Obama's 10 00:00:37,640 --> 00:00:42,560 Speaker 1: and Romney's platforms. Yeah, it's a part of Obamacare. You 11 00:00:42,640 --> 00:00:44,200 Speaker 1: gotta listen to Stuff you Should Know, and you gotta 12 00:00:44,200 --> 00:00:46,480 Speaker 1: get an r f D chip in your hand, and 13 00:00:46,680 --> 00:00:49,600 Speaker 1: you have to give poor people all your money. None 14 00:00:49,600 --> 00:00:51,720 Speaker 1: of that is true, that you have to listen to 15 00:00:51,720 --> 00:00:56,720 Speaker 1: the podcast and the porpulal part um. Chuck, how's it going? 16 00:00:56,840 --> 00:00:59,560 Speaker 1: It's great. Are you feeling sick? Do you need any 17 00:00:59,640 --> 00:01:02,560 Speaker 1: kind of here Obama or otherwise? Now? Are you feeling sick? 18 00:01:02,680 --> 00:01:06,720 Speaker 1: I'm fine. Chance, like my shoulder muscles are gonna pop 19 00:01:06,800 --> 00:01:08,759 Speaker 1: right out of my skin. I went to that foot 20 00:01:08,800 --> 00:01:10,679 Speaker 1: massage play some Buford Highway the other day. You ever 21 00:01:10,760 --> 00:01:15,080 Speaker 1: been there. M hm. Treat your feet Is that what 22 00:01:15,120 --> 00:01:17,440 Speaker 1: it's called. Yeah, that's a great name. They'll they'll do 23 00:01:17,480 --> 00:01:20,080 Speaker 1: an hour on your feet for bucks if that's what 24 00:01:20,120 --> 00:01:23,240 Speaker 1: you desire. Oh yeah, I know. About a little bit 25 00:01:23,240 --> 00:01:25,600 Speaker 1: bit into it, they'll ask you like, would you want 26 00:01:25,640 --> 00:01:27,640 Speaker 1: to go half and half, like half body half foot, 27 00:01:27,680 --> 00:01:29,960 Speaker 1: because basically they get you in there, they're going at 28 00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:32,480 Speaker 1: your feet and you're like, you know, I don't know 29 00:01:32,520 --> 00:01:34,800 Speaker 1: if I could do an hour on my feet. Each 30 00:01:34,840 --> 00:01:37,120 Speaker 1: toe has gotten their own massage at this point, like 31 00:01:37,160 --> 00:01:40,119 Speaker 1: they're just jelly cracked your toes. Yeah, so they think, yeah, 32 00:01:40,200 --> 00:01:42,360 Speaker 1: you know, i'll pay another twenty bucks for the body, 33 00:01:42,680 --> 00:01:45,640 Speaker 1: right they give you t it's really nice. You should go. 34 00:01:45,680 --> 00:01:47,440 Speaker 1: It does sound nice, but it's not like private. Like 35 00:01:47,440 --> 00:01:50,520 Speaker 1: you're in a big room with like fifteen recliners. Everyone's 36 00:01:50,520 --> 00:01:52,720 Speaker 1: just sitting around and well we've gotten backrubs at the 37 00:01:52,720 --> 00:01:55,240 Speaker 1: mall before. Yeah, that's true. You remember, I don't know 38 00:01:55,280 --> 00:01:57,920 Speaker 1: how I got on this Treat your feet Buford Highway. 39 00:01:58,040 --> 00:02:01,200 Speaker 1: Go eat some fun and then go get your foot massage. 40 00:02:01,280 --> 00:02:03,720 Speaker 1: Where's good fun around here? We're trying to figure that out. 41 00:02:03,760 --> 00:02:09,120 Speaker 1: The Yeah, where uh if you are we going to 42 00:02:09,200 --> 00:02:14,040 Speaker 1: do this now. Okay, I like fun number two, um, 43 00:02:14,080 --> 00:02:20,320 Speaker 1: which is past Claremont. Um, it's in a little shopping center. 44 00:02:21,200 --> 00:02:23,320 Speaker 1: Just look it up, okay, I mean it's it's all good, 45 00:02:23,760 --> 00:02:26,840 Speaker 1: all good fun. Um. Yeah. I don't know how we 46 00:02:26,880 --> 00:02:30,480 Speaker 1: got on there, but some places on Beaureford Highway. Oh 47 00:02:30,480 --> 00:02:34,280 Speaker 1: you use some money, seriously, at least some free fun. Um. 48 00:02:34,280 --> 00:02:37,640 Speaker 1: This has nothing to do with bioluminescence. No, it doesn't. 49 00:02:37,720 --> 00:02:42,000 Speaker 1: Although sometimes if you stir your funt around, chuck, you're 50 00:02:42,000 --> 00:02:47,800 Speaker 1: gonna see some um fungus possibly rise to the top 51 00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:50,640 Speaker 1: a couple of times. Right, Yeah, that's a good one too. 52 00:02:51,120 --> 00:02:55,080 Speaker 1: And um, where those things still alive and not cooked, 53 00:02:55,840 --> 00:03:00,079 Speaker 1: they possibly might glow. And where they to glow, you 54 00:03:00,120 --> 00:03:04,280 Speaker 1: would say, look at those things, they're bioluminescing. That's right, 55 00:03:05,360 --> 00:03:07,960 Speaker 1: because that's what they do. It is a life form 56 00:03:08,040 --> 00:03:12,760 Speaker 1: that generates their own glow inside their body, their own life. Yeah, 57 00:03:12,880 --> 00:03:18,239 Speaker 1: pretty awesome. And um, you I read a different um 58 00:03:18,480 --> 00:03:21,040 Speaker 1: study It was like, what what's the deal with this? 59 00:03:21,280 --> 00:03:24,680 Speaker 1: Because this is still very much a mystery. Um, we 60 00:03:24,760 --> 00:03:28,080 Speaker 1: have an idea of how this goes down, but not 61 00:03:28,160 --> 00:03:32,000 Speaker 1: in every case. We also don't understand why in a 62 00:03:32,040 --> 00:03:35,400 Speaker 1: lot of cases, um, and in in some cases we 63 00:03:35,400 --> 00:03:39,200 Speaker 1: don't understand how. And the thing is is, I don't 64 00:03:39,320 --> 00:03:42,560 Speaker 1: think it's that it's out of the grasp of science 65 00:03:42,600 --> 00:03:45,800 Speaker 1: to understand it. I think that when researchers are looking 66 00:03:45,840 --> 00:03:48,640 Speaker 1: into this, they just they become so transfixed on the 67 00:03:48,640 --> 00:03:50,960 Speaker 1: beautiful glow that they forget what they're doing and waste 68 00:03:50,960 --> 00:03:52,960 Speaker 1: tons of time. And then all of a sudden, you're like, oh, 69 00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:55,880 Speaker 1: I gotta publish our Paris. And then it's just like 70 00:03:56,000 --> 00:03:58,720 Speaker 1: they just write why on a piece of paper and 71 00:03:59,440 --> 00:04:03,240 Speaker 1: send it in, as Tracy Wilson of Pop Stuff Great 72 00:04:03,240 --> 00:04:06,160 Speaker 1: Podcast points out, and Tracy's articles are always awesome. Yeah, 73 00:04:06,240 --> 00:04:08,080 Speaker 1: oh man, they're comprehensive. You know, I never have to 74 00:04:08,120 --> 00:04:14,040 Speaker 1: worry about it. Um. Sadly, sometimes scientists can either harm 75 00:04:15,000 --> 00:04:18,480 Speaker 1: the light making magic when they try to study them, 76 00:04:18,760 --> 00:04:21,839 Speaker 1: this makes it hard to study, or the animal will 77 00:04:21,880 --> 00:04:26,880 Speaker 1: exhaust it's light making glow capabilities out of like fear 78 00:04:26,960 --> 00:04:30,320 Speaker 1: or defense or spite or spite, which will also make 79 00:04:30,320 --> 00:04:32,680 Speaker 1: it hard to study. So those are a couple of reasons, 80 00:04:32,800 --> 00:04:38,320 Speaker 1: and the whole just why right. So, Um, we do 81 00:04:38,400 --> 00:04:42,039 Speaker 1: have a pretty good handle to some extent, But let's 82 00:04:42,080 --> 00:04:47,760 Speaker 1: talk about what luminescence itself is right with that this 83 00:04:47,920 --> 00:04:50,279 Speaker 1: light bulb right here in this a key of brand 84 00:04:50,360 --> 00:04:55,960 Speaker 1: lamp um. It's incandescent. It's an incandescent light bulb. I 85 00:04:55,960 --> 00:04:59,240 Speaker 1: think this is an edison bulb is oh? Is it 86 00:04:59,279 --> 00:05:02,160 Speaker 1: like the real old amy looking one sort of um? 87 00:05:02,240 --> 00:05:07,200 Speaker 1: So that is pretty simple. It has electricity that passes 88 00:05:07,360 --> 00:05:12,880 Speaker 1: through a filment, just a thin metal piece of something metal, 89 00:05:13,800 --> 00:05:16,080 Speaker 1: and that heats up, and it heats up so much 90 00:05:16,160 --> 00:05:20,360 Speaker 1: that it gives off light, which is incredibly inefficient. And 91 00:05:20,800 --> 00:05:22,840 Speaker 1: if say a jellyfish for to do this, it would 92 00:05:22,880 --> 00:05:27,239 Speaker 1: catch fire even though it's under water. Right, So what 93 00:05:27,400 --> 00:05:30,520 Speaker 1: um living organisms do when they want to give off 94 00:05:30,640 --> 00:05:35,800 Speaker 1: light is something called cold light or bioluminescence, which is 95 00:05:35,960 --> 00:05:40,040 Speaker 1: the combination of chemicals that produce light like a glow stick, 96 00:05:40,160 --> 00:05:42,680 Speaker 1: but no heat. But it is just like a glow stick. 97 00:05:42,760 --> 00:05:45,800 Speaker 1: You're combining two things that will make a glow exactly, 98 00:05:45,839 --> 00:05:51,000 Speaker 1: except you don't have to shake up the jellyfish. They 99 00:05:51,080 --> 00:05:53,279 Speaker 1: do not like that. Or it's like the glow sticks 100 00:05:53,279 --> 00:05:56,799 Speaker 1: that I used to sell very often at Stone Mountain 101 00:05:56,880 --> 00:05:59,520 Speaker 1: Laser Show. It's like the glows free Summer that I 102 00:05:59,680 --> 00:06:03,320 Speaker 1: used to dance with at races. You were at raves 103 00:06:03,440 --> 00:06:07,359 Speaker 1: and I was selling these things during like Lee Greenwoods, 104 00:06:08,120 --> 00:06:11,880 Speaker 1: Lee Greenwood, Lee Green Would you Proud to be an American? Yeah? Boy, 105 00:06:11,880 --> 00:06:15,920 Speaker 1: I heard that song five thousand times. So bad. Anyone 106 00:06:15,920 --> 00:06:18,680 Speaker 1: who's never been to a Stone Mountain, Georgia. They have 107 00:06:18,680 --> 00:06:20,400 Speaker 1: a big rock there and they have a laser show 108 00:06:20,440 --> 00:06:22,440 Speaker 1: on it during the summer. It's a big rock that 109 00:06:22,520 --> 00:06:26,520 Speaker 1: has a basically the Confederate heroes carved into the side 110 00:06:26,520 --> 00:06:29,360 Speaker 1: of it by the guy who did Mount Rushmore. How's 111 00:06:29,360 --> 00:06:31,440 Speaker 1: that the same guy? Huh? Yeah, And they show a 112 00:06:31,560 --> 00:06:35,359 Speaker 1: very corny laser show every summer since like the early 113 00:06:35,480 --> 00:06:38,000 Speaker 1: nineteen eighties, and not just once this summer, like every 114 00:06:38,080 --> 00:06:40,280 Speaker 1: night during the summer. Yeah, that's why I've heard it 115 00:06:40,320 --> 00:06:42,960 Speaker 1: ten thousand times. It's something And Chuck, you still work there. 116 00:06:42,960 --> 00:06:45,799 Speaker 1: I think you left that out selling gloves sticks sticks 117 00:06:46,000 --> 00:06:49,200 Speaker 1: full circle. Yes, all right, let's quit stalling. Let's talk 118 00:06:49,240 --> 00:06:53,520 Speaker 1: about bioluminescence. Okay, that's all over the place. Uh. Like 119 00:06:53,560 --> 00:06:55,160 Speaker 1: you said, we don't know exactly how it works in 120 00:06:55,200 --> 00:06:59,200 Speaker 1: all cases, but we do know that these animals do 121 00:06:59,440 --> 00:07:01,960 Speaker 1: mix together. There are different substances, just like a glow stick, 122 00:07:01,960 --> 00:07:08,560 Speaker 1: wood and to turn their little glow on and off. Um. 123 00:07:08,560 --> 00:07:11,200 Speaker 1: Here on the planet, not in the ocean, because that's 124 00:07:11,200 --> 00:07:13,680 Speaker 1: where most of the stuff takes place here on planet Earth. 125 00:07:13,720 --> 00:07:17,000 Speaker 1: On the dry land. Uh, you can have things glowing 126 00:07:17,120 --> 00:07:21,000 Speaker 1: like fox fire, which is this fungus that feeds on 127 00:07:21,080 --> 00:07:24,320 Speaker 1: rotting wood. You look at pictures of fox fire. Pretty cool. Yeah, 128 00:07:24,880 --> 00:07:27,600 Speaker 1: doesn't look real, but it's real. It's very real. Um. 129 00:07:27,640 --> 00:07:30,280 Speaker 1: The jack O lander mushroom you can google that as well. 130 00:07:30,600 --> 00:07:34,200 Speaker 1: That's my favorite bioluminous in organism. Why just because it's 131 00:07:34,240 --> 00:07:37,760 Speaker 1: the South on land on Terra Firma, because it's a 132 00:07:37,840 --> 00:07:41,000 Speaker 1: perfectly named thing, the jack O lantern mushroom. Like it 133 00:07:41,040 --> 00:07:44,760 Speaker 1: has that glow coming through the gills, um, and just 134 00:07:44,880 --> 00:07:47,320 Speaker 1: the gills, so it looks like there's like this glow 135 00:07:47,360 --> 00:07:50,080 Speaker 1: coming inside and there's like holes where it's coming out of. 136 00:07:50,120 --> 00:07:53,960 Speaker 1: It's so neat. My favorite on Terra Firma is the 137 00:07:54,040 --> 00:07:57,640 Speaker 1: lightning bug a k a. The firefly. Here in the 138 00:07:57,680 --> 00:07:59,360 Speaker 1: South and I guess I'm not sure where else it 139 00:07:59,520 --> 00:08:03,280 Speaker 1: on lightning bugs, but definitely in the Sound. You'll see 140 00:08:03,320 --> 00:08:05,520 Speaker 1: them come out every summer and if you're a little kid, 141 00:08:05,560 --> 00:08:08,320 Speaker 1: you can go around and catch them. And put them 142 00:08:08,320 --> 00:08:11,280 Speaker 1: in a jar and then and then release them. And 143 00:08:11,320 --> 00:08:13,800 Speaker 1: in fact you may be harming them just by catching them. 144 00:08:13,960 --> 00:08:15,640 Speaker 1: But what you don't want to do if you're a 145 00:08:15,680 --> 00:08:20,360 Speaker 1: kid is like smash these things because it's just yeah, 146 00:08:20,400 --> 00:08:22,040 Speaker 1: that means you're gonna end up being a serial killer 147 00:08:22,080 --> 00:08:28,960 Speaker 1: one day probably. Uh. So the firefly is uh, you 148 00:08:29,000 --> 00:08:31,200 Speaker 1: know you generally you think of them as the adults 149 00:08:31,280 --> 00:08:33,760 Speaker 1: lying around, but their little larva can glow as well 150 00:08:33,920 --> 00:08:36,320 Speaker 1: on the ground, right, And a lot of people call 151 00:08:36,520 --> 00:08:39,680 Speaker 1: um firefly lava glow worms, but glow worms are apparently 152 00:08:40,240 --> 00:08:44,840 Speaker 1: another kind of fly larvae. Fireflies are fireflies or lightning bugs. 153 00:08:44,920 --> 00:08:48,640 Speaker 1: That's right, um, centipedes, millipedes, there's all all kinds of 154 00:08:48,640 --> 00:08:52,160 Speaker 1: little things that can glow worms. Uh, there's some worms 155 00:08:52,160 --> 00:08:56,280 Speaker 1: that give off a bioluminescent sludge and no one has 156 00:08:56,320 --> 00:08:59,120 Speaker 1: any idea why is it their poop and then pop it? 157 00:08:59,120 --> 00:09:04,680 Speaker 1: I don't think so. Ober. The the the secretion they 158 00:09:04,840 --> 00:09:08,520 Speaker 1: produce when they're mating and all that, it's probably like that. 159 00:09:08,559 --> 00:09:10,360 Speaker 1: It probably comes from the ring. I can't remember the 160 00:09:10,400 --> 00:09:12,520 Speaker 1: name of the ring. So that's on Earth. But if 161 00:09:12,520 --> 00:09:15,720 Speaker 1: you really want to get down to some cool, glowing creatures. 162 00:09:16,120 --> 00:09:19,280 Speaker 1: You need to dive down into the ocean to the 163 00:09:19,320 --> 00:09:22,480 Speaker 1: twilight zone, which I think we've talked about that, haven't 164 00:09:22,520 --> 00:09:25,920 Speaker 1: we know? We talked about it in biospeleiol in caves. Yeah, 165 00:09:26,000 --> 00:09:29,720 Speaker 1: there's different zones of light penetration in caves and in 166 00:09:29,760 --> 00:09:33,040 Speaker 1: the ocean too, that's right. Um, the twilight zone is 167 00:09:33,120 --> 00:09:40,040 Speaker 1: generally about six hundred sixty two feet deep. Six It 168 00:09:40,120 --> 00:09:43,960 Speaker 1: depends because obviously different kinds of ocean water are gonna 169 00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:46,080 Speaker 1: allow different amounts of light in. It depends on what 170 00:09:46,080 --> 00:09:50,200 Speaker 1: the ocean floor looks like, but it is, um, it 171 00:09:50,320 --> 00:09:54,920 Speaker 1: is the dysphotic or poorly lit zone deeper than the 172 00:09:54,920 --> 00:10:00,920 Speaker 1: euphotic sunlit zone or good zone or shout or then 173 00:10:01,000 --> 00:10:05,480 Speaker 1: the aphotic midnight zone, which is like scary no light. 174 00:10:05,880 --> 00:10:07,960 Speaker 1: That's a scary time down there, right. Those are the 175 00:10:08,000 --> 00:10:12,280 Speaker 1: things down there that have like no eyes, right, because 176 00:10:12,280 --> 00:10:16,440 Speaker 1: there's no reason, same like with the caves. So um, yeah, 177 00:10:16,480 --> 00:10:20,800 Speaker 1: I remember what was the Prometheus Salaman just three ft 178 00:10:20,800 --> 00:10:23,280 Speaker 1: long and doesn't have eyes. The scariest thing ever except 179 00:10:23,280 --> 00:10:26,120 Speaker 1: for the cigar shark, which will actually get do in here. Okay, 180 00:10:26,200 --> 00:10:29,200 Speaker 1: so is that the cookie cutter shark man that things 181 00:10:29,240 --> 00:10:34,680 Speaker 1: frightening um. So in this uh, this twilight zone, the 182 00:10:34,760 --> 00:10:41,240 Speaker 1: desphotic zone or mezo pelagic zone, mesopelagic zone, stop laughing 183 00:10:41,280 --> 00:10:44,760 Speaker 1: at me. Uh there, this is where most of the 184 00:10:44,800 --> 00:10:48,920 Speaker 1: bioluminescent organisms on Earth can be found. And the light 185 00:10:48,960 --> 00:10:53,120 Speaker 1: that penetrates this area um is a blue green color 186 00:10:53,600 --> 00:10:58,079 Speaker 1: because the red, yellow, orange. Yeah, the red, yellow and 187 00:10:58,120 --> 00:11:01,360 Speaker 1: orange are absorbed by the seawater above and the violet 188 00:11:01,480 --> 00:11:03,680 Speaker 1: is scattered, so the blue and the green are the 189 00:11:03,720 --> 00:11:06,360 Speaker 1: ones that get through. So everything's just kind of color 190 00:11:06,400 --> 00:11:09,160 Speaker 1: blue green. That's what the sunlight is. So most of 191 00:11:09,200 --> 00:11:14,520 Speaker 1: the bioluminescent organisms in this um dysphotic zone, dysphotic zone 192 00:11:14,920 --> 00:11:20,040 Speaker 1: have evolved to produce light at that same wavelength from 193 00:11:20,040 --> 00:11:23,520 Speaker 1: something like four four hundred seventy nanometers, which is like 194 00:11:23,559 --> 00:11:28,000 Speaker 1: the blue green spectrum. That's right, So matches that sunlight, yeah, 195 00:11:28,320 --> 00:11:30,840 Speaker 1: which is pretty cool. Yeah, well we'll get to it. 196 00:11:30,840 --> 00:11:33,920 Speaker 1: But it can lead to some cool things like camouflage. 197 00:11:34,360 --> 00:11:37,880 Speaker 1: So uh, the but it also means that it travels farther. 198 00:11:38,120 --> 00:11:41,080 Speaker 1: Light travels that that type of light travels the farthest 199 00:11:41,120 --> 00:11:43,600 Speaker 1: and water because it has a shorter wavelength than the 200 00:11:43,600 --> 00:11:49,040 Speaker 1: other types. So an animal producing this could really cook 201 00:11:49,320 --> 00:11:54,840 Speaker 1: down there basically. Yeah. Uh, we're talking jellyfish, shrimp, grill, squid, 202 00:11:56,080 --> 00:11:58,560 Speaker 1: other kinds of fish, marine worms, whatever the heck that 203 00:11:58,720 --> 00:12:02,640 Speaker 1: is therely what you think it is. Yeah, what are 204 00:12:02,640 --> 00:12:04,800 Speaker 1: those one worms called? It like come up out of 205 00:12:04,840 --> 00:12:09,040 Speaker 1: the little tubes tube worms? Oh yeah, yeah, I believe 206 00:12:09,040 --> 00:12:12,040 Speaker 1: that's what they're called. Um, either that or it just 207 00:12:12,120 --> 00:12:16,600 Speaker 1: made some terrible like sixth grade joke. But um. They 208 00:12:16,720 --> 00:12:20,480 Speaker 1: they they are like on the ocean bottom and they 209 00:12:20,880 --> 00:12:24,440 Speaker 1: they have they just come out of these tubes and 210 00:12:24,480 --> 00:12:27,280 Speaker 1: grab stuff and go back in there like three ft long. 211 00:12:28,360 --> 00:12:31,760 Speaker 1: You've not seen this sea snake to me. Yeah, but 212 00:12:31,800 --> 00:12:34,960 Speaker 1: they're I think they're attached or they may be attached 213 00:12:34,960 --> 00:12:38,000 Speaker 1: to their tubes, or they just never come all the 214 00:12:38,000 --> 00:12:40,800 Speaker 1: way out. I'm gonna have to look into that. Yeah. 215 00:12:40,640 --> 00:12:43,120 Speaker 1: Uh so you talked about the blue green light is 216 00:12:43,120 --> 00:12:45,920 Speaker 1: what they generally produce. Um, there is something called the 217 00:12:45,960 --> 00:12:50,240 Speaker 1: loose jawfish, which actually can make red light very deep 218 00:12:50,240 --> 00:12:52,320 Speaker 1: in the ocean. But that's really unusual that can make 219 00:12:52,360 --> 00:12:56,319 Speaker 1: red light, and it's um. A lot of species can't 220 00:12:56,320 --> 00:12:58,680 Speaker 1: even see the color red down there because I don't 221 00:12:58,679 --> 00:13:00,520 Speaker 1: know if they're just their brains aren't used to it 222 00:13:00,720 --> 00:13:03,240 Speaker 1: because they never see it. So the loose jaw uses 223 00:13:03,280 --> 00:13:09,000 Speaker 1: this thing um to to basically sneak up on people. Um, 224 00:13:09,040 --> 00:13:11,240 Speaker 1: it's like Jane Gum at the end of silence of 225 00:13:11,240 --> 00:13:14,400 Speaker 1: the lamb and and like the fish are like Jodie 226 00:13:14,400 --> 00:13:19,280 Speaker 1: Foster like, and Jane Gum is the loose jaw fish 227 00:13:19,320 --> 00:13:21,719 Speaker 1: coming up behind her like I can see you, you 228 00:13:21,760 --> 00:13:25,920 Speaker 1: can't see me. So, like we said earlier, we don't 229 00:13:25,960 --> 00:13:30,600 Speaker 1: know for sure why all these uh, bioluminescent forms of 230 00:13:30,640 --> 00:13:33,920 Speaker 1: life are down there doing their thing. Um. You did 231 00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:36,319 Speaker 1: mention the earthworm that has the secretion. They don't know 232 00:13:36,360 --> 00:13:41,160 Speaker 1: why they do that. The mushroom spores, they think that 233 00:13:41,280 --> 00:13:44,319 Speaker 1: maybe it's um to attract insect to spread these spores. 234 00:13:44,600 --> 00:13:49,200 Speaker 1: That's why the mushroom glows makes sense. Um Sometimes and 235 00:13:49,240 --> 00:13:52,600 Speaker 1: this one's kind of cute. Sometimes animals will light up 236 00:13:53,040 --> 00:13:56,199 Speaker 1: when something nearby them lights up, which I think might 237 00:13:56,240 --> 00:13:58,480 Speaker 1: just be a little like, hey, how you doing, I 238 00:13:58,480 --> 00:14:01,440 Speaker 1: can glow too, Well, that's how far a fliers are doing. Yeah, 239 00:14:01,520 --> 00:14:05,960 Speaker 1: they're attracting mates right with it, like a very specific 240 00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:09,800 Speaker 1: pattern right there. They used it to communicate like, hey, 241 00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:14,720 Speaker 1: you're looking pretty good. Meet you by the fence post, right, yeah, um, 242 00:14:14,840 --> 00:14:19,680 Speaker 1: let's go get some fun. So should we talk about 243 00:14:19,720 --> 00:14:25,360 Speaker 1: the dino flagellates, the dino flagellates, dino flagelates? Am I 244 00:14:25,400 --> 00:14:28,160 Speaker 1: pronouncing it wrong? No? I think that was wrong? Okay, 245 00:14:28,800 --> 00:14:31,800 Speaker 1: well yeah, So have you ever seen Apolar thirteen? Yeah? 246 00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:34,840 Speaker 1: You remember the part where um they had a problem. 247 00:14:35,280 --> 00:14:40,160 Speaker 1: Is it Tom level? Gym level? Where gym level? And 248 00:14:40,320 --> 00:14:42,680 Speaker 1: UH is hanging out with Bill Paxton and they're talking 249 00:14:42,720 --> 00:14:46,800 Speaker 1: about how they're just shooting the breeze while they're trying 250 00:14:46,800 --> 00:14:50,840 Speaker 1: to stay alive, and um he talks about how he 251 00:14:50,920 --> 00:14:55,400 Speaker 1: was flying a mission, um coming in on an aircraft carrier, 252 00:14:55,400 --> 00:14:58,480 Speaker 1: and there was a blackout and he couldn't see where 253 00:14:58,480 --> 00:15:00,600 Speaker 1: he's going, he couldn't find the aircraft carry to land. 254 00:15:00,640 --> 00:15:02,840 Speaker 1: He's running low and fuel. Then all of a sudden 255 00:15:02,840 --> 00:15:04,840 Speaker 1: he looks and he notices that there's a bunch of 256 00:15:05,040 --> 00:15:08,520 Speaker 1: um he calls it like glowing algae or whatever. But 257 00:15:08,600 --> 00:15:11,840 Speaker 1: what he's talking about where dino flagelets that were kicked 258 00:15:11,920 --> 00:15:14,680 Speaker 1: up by the wake of the aircraft carrier and he 259 00:15:14,800 --> 00:15:17,440 Speaker 1: used them as like a runway to guide them in. 260 00:15:17,480 --> 00:15:19,520 Speaker 1: I remember that part. That's a great part that whole 261 00:15:19,560 --> 00:15:23,640 Speaker 1: movie from like start to finish with. But these dino 262 00:15:23,680 --> 00:15:26,200 Speaker 1: flagelets create what's called the milky sea when you get 263 00:15:26,320 --> 00:15:30,560 Speaker 1: enough of them together, when they're disturbed physically, they start 264 00:15:30,600 --> 00:15:32,280 Speaker 1: to glow. And if you have a bunch of them, 265 00:15:32,320 --> 00:15:34,640 Speaker 1: you can see him from space. Actually in this article 266 00:15:34,680 --> 00:15:38,840 Speaker 1: there's a picture of a pretty substantial milky sea off 267 00:15:38,840 --> 00:15:42,320 Speaker 1: the coast of Africa. Pretty cool stuff. And if you 268 00:15:42,320 --> 00:15:45,000 Speaker 1: google milky Sea two you can see some like that's 269 00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:47,760 Speaker 1: cool looking. But I like the shots from like low 270 00:15:47,800 --> 00:15:53,800 Speaker 1: flying planes, helicopters and uh a little eerie. Yeah, that 271 00:15:53,880 --> 00:15:56,640 Speaker 1: may say. So. They have no idea again, why dino 272 00:15:56,680 --> 00:16:00,680 Speaker 1: flagelates would glow when they're disturbed. Obviously they're like trying 273 00:16:00,680 --> 00:16:04,960 Speaker 1: to register their complaint. They can't talk, you can't flip 274 00:16:04,960 --> 00:16:10,240 Speaker 1: anyone off, so they glow out of anger. Apparently, Um, 275 00:16:10,480 --> 00:16:13,200 Speaker 1: they they there's a theory called the burglar alarm theory. 276 00:16:13,280 --> 00:16:16,640 Speaker 1: I like this one. Or basically they think that, um, 277 00:16:16,720 --> 00:16:20,320 Speaker 1: when dino flage lets start to glow, it's because there's 278 00:16:20,360 --> 00:16:24,960 Speaker 1: little fish eating on them, right, which is disturbing. They 279 00:16:24,960 --> 00:16:28,640 Speaker 1: think that maybe they glow to basically alert larger fish 280 00:16:28,680 --> 00:16:30,840 Speaker 1: that will come eat the smaller fish so they'll stop 281 00:16:30,840 --> 00:16:33,760 Speaker 1: eating the dino flagelets. That there's little fish in the area. 282 00:16:34,040 --> 00:16:39,000 Speaker 1: Pretty awesome, Like hey, help come eat this guy because 283 00:16:39,040 --> 00:16:42,920 Speaker 1: you're bigger. Uh. Here's some other and you know, these 284 00:16:42,960 --> 00:16:45,360 Speaker 1: are the ones that are the most understood because there 285 00:16:45,400 --> 00:16:47,400 Speaker 1: is a lot of uncertainty, Like we said, like ten 286 00:16:47,440 --> 00:16:51,240 Speaker 1: times um. But here's here's some of the reasons that 287 00:16:51,320 --> 00:16:53,880 Speaker 1: they think they're doing this communication, which we've mentioned with 288 00:16:53,920 --> 00:16:57,480 Speaker 1: the firefly or the lightning bug. Uh, to locate food, 289 00:16:57,920 --> 00:17:00,000 Speaker 1: maybe to use it as an actual light to see 290 00:17:00,240 --> 00:17:04,240 Speaker 1: in the dark. Pretty cool, or a spotlight to catch prey, 291 00:17:04,800 --> 00:17:09,320 Speaker 1: oh like temporarily blind something gotcha? Or no, to like 292 00:17:09,440 --> 00:17:12,440 Speaker 1: go find it. It's very dark in here. I need 293 00:17:12,440 --> 00:17:15,360 Speaker 1: to see what fish are around to attract prey, like 294 00:17:15,480 --> 00:17:19,720 Speaker 1: the anglerfish, Like look at this bright glow, come here, chomp. Yeah. 295 00:17:19,720 --> 00:17:22,760 Speaker 1: I love that one. What was that in Finding Nemo Man? 296 00:17:22,760 --> 00:17:27,080 Speaker 1: The thing was scary. I didn't see that movie, good one, Camouflage. 297 00:17:27,160 --> 00:17:29,120 Speaker 1: I don't watch any of those anymore because Emily doesn't 298 00:17:29,160 --> 00:17:31,960 Speaker 1: like him. Oh, yes, she doesn't like Disney movies. She 299 00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:34,480 Speaker 1: doesn't like any of those Pixar movies because it's always 300 00:17:34,520 --> 00:17:37,199 Speaker 1: like some tragedy like someone dies in its heartbreak and 301 00:17:37,280 --> 00:17:40,080 Speaker 1: keep her away from toy story three. Dude, I can't 302 00:17:40,119 --> 00:17:42,359 Speaker 1: even watch that movie. I made her watch up and 303 00:17:42,400 --> 00:17:44,840 Speaker 1: she was just like a like a little blob of 304 00:17:44,920 --> 00:17:49,040 Speaker 1: play the first ten minutes or this so sad. God. 305 00:17:49,160 --> 00:17:50,840 Speaker 1: But I always explained to her, like, this is why 306 00:17:50,840 --> 00:17:52,600 Speaker 1: they make these movies, so kids can learn how to 307 00:17:53,080 --> 00:17:54,879 Speaker 1: cope with death. And then they see like it's all 308 00:17:54,920 --> 00:17:59,720 Speaker 1: happy afterwards, you know, all right, camouflage this is the 309 00:17:59,760 --> 00:18:02,520 Speaker 1: cool this one, yeah, and the it's pretty. It makes 310 00:18:02,520 --> 00:18:04,159 Speaker 1: sense too. If you're in the ocean, and if you 311 00:18:04,240 --> 00:18:06,960 Speaker 1: ever like swum down ten or fift ft and looked 312 00:18:07,040 --> 00:18:10,960 Speaker 1: up open your eyes in the ocean, I've done it. Um. 313 00:18:11,000 --> 00:18:13,160 Speaker 1: It's it's hard to see stuff below you, but it's 314 00:18:13,160 --> 00:18:15,520 Speaker 1: easy to look up because you know the sunlight's penetrating 315 00:18:15,520 --> 00:18:18,240 Speaker 1: down and see like the silhouette or in the case 316 00:18:18,280 --> 00:18:20,399 Speaker 1: of Jaws, you see like the silhouette of the lady's 317 00:18:20,480 --> 00:18:24,600 Speaker 1: legs on the raft. You know, that's good eating. Um. 318 00:18:24,640 --> 00:18:28,760 Speaker 1: If you have, like in the case of what's it 319 00:18:28,800 --> 00:18:32,320 Speaker 1: called counter elimination, you can actually produce spots on your 320 00:18:32,359 --> 00:18:35,840 Speaker 1: underside to make it more difficult for a fish beneath you, 321 00:18:35,880 --> 00:18:38,280 Speaker 1: a predator beneath you to look up and like make 322 00:18:38,280 --> 00:18:40,840 Speaker 1: out what's going on, Like, you won't have the the 323 00:18:41,440 --> 00:18:44,560 Speaker 1: the perfect little silhouette outline of a yummy fish. It'll 324 00:18:44,600 --> 00:18:47,600 Speaker 1: confuse it, basically because you're cutting down in the contrast 325 00:18:48,359 --> 00:18:51,760 Speaker 1: pretty cool, like you're creating light that blends in with 326 00:18:51,800 --> 00:18:54,600 Speaker 1: that same blue green light, and all of a sudden 327 00:18:54,640 --> 00:18:57,680 Speaker 1: you disappear well or just breaks up your shapes don't 328 00:18:57,720 --> 00:19:01,280 Speaker 1: look like you should. Um. And then there's the opposite, 329 00:19:01,320 --> 00:19:04,600 Speaker 1: the cookie cutter or cigar shark, which is the name 330 00:19:04,640 --> 00:19:08,600 Speaker 1: I think you made up, Um, that's real, which basically 331 00:19:08,800 --> 00:19:12,800 Speaker 1: has the reverse of that, where the bottom, the underside 332 00:19:12,800 --> 00:19:16,000 Speaker 1: of the cookie cutter shark glows except for this one 333 00:19:16,280 --> 00:19:20,120 Speaker 1: spot in the middle that is dark that looks like 334 00:19:20,359 --> 00:19:24,399 Speaker 1: a small fish, So of shark or some other animal 335 00:19:24,480 --> 00:19:27,480 Speaker 1: looking up, we'll be like, I'm gonna go eat that fish. 336 00:19:27,560 --> 00:19:28,920 Speaker 1: And then all of a sudden it's like, oh god, 337 00:19:28,920 --> 00:19:32,840 Speaker 1: it's a cookie cutter slash cigar shark. And then the 338 00:19:33,000 --> 00:19:36,160 Speaker 1: cookie cutter shark takes a bite out of them, round 339 00:19:36,200 --> 00:19:38,280 Speaker 1: bite and that's why they call it the cookie cutter. 340 00:19:38,560 --> 00:19:41,360 Speaker 1: It's like a little plug of flesh and if you've 341 00:19:41,400 --> 00:19:44,880 Speaker 1: ever seen google these dudes in their face, it's like 342 00:19:45,240 --> 00:19:47,440 Speaker 1: the most frightening little thing you've ever seen in your life. Yeah, 343 00:19:47,480 --> 00:19:51,040 Speaker 1: they're pretty terrifying. And you'll see pictures of like a 344 00:19:51,119 --> 00:19:53,000 Speaker 1: shark or a whale washed up on the shore with 345 00:19:53,080 --> 00:19:57,040 Speaker 1: like hundreds of these little bite plugs taken out of them. Yeah, 346 00:19:57,080 --> 00:20:00,240 Speaker 1: that's pretty awful. That's a that's a terrible way to go. Yeah, 347 00:20:00,280 --> 00:20:02,639 Speaker 1: but good for you, cigar shark, because you're small and 348 00:20:02,880 --> 00:20:05,760 Speaker 1: you're doing what you can. Tough world down there. It's 349 00:20:05,800 --> 00:20:10,040 Speaker 1: wildly you know, it's diphotic, and then self defense is 350 00:20:10,080 --> 00:20:13,720 Speaker 1: the last reason. Um And basically, like a squid may 351 00:20:13,760 --> 00:20:16,400 Speaker 1: release inc to cloud your vision, some of these things 352 00:20:16,480 --> 00:20:19,840 Speaker 1: can release a cloud of a glowing cloud two uh, 353 00:20:20,119 --> 00:20:22,800 Speaker 1: basically make you sit back and put on pink Floyd 354 00:20:22,880 --> 00:20:24,760 Speaker 1: and like chill out for a little while. Yeah, I 355 00:20:24,800 --> 00:20:26,680 Speaker 1: looked it up. There's a shrimp. There's a type of 356 00:20:26,720 --> 00:20:31,040 Speaker 1: shrimp that releases a bioluminescent cloud. And I couldn't get 357 00:20:31,040 --> 00:20:34,520 Speaker 1: the name. I saw both fire breathing and vomiting shrimp 358 00:20:35,440 --> 00:20:38,800 Speaker 1: for the common names. But yeah, it just puts it out. 359 00:20:39,320 --> 00:20:42,000 Speaker 1: That's not what I would want order on the menu, 360 00:20:42,800 --> 00:20:46,560 Speaker 1: the fried vomiting shrimp, uh, and make sure there's extra 361 00:20:46,600 --> 00:20:52,120 Speaker 1: poop in the main vain. Um. So what's going on here? How? 362 00:20:52,160 --> 00:20:56,919 Speaker 1: How is this magic happening? Well, just like we've mentioned 363 00:20:56,920 --> 00:21:00,440 Speaker 1: with a light stick, and involves two different substances mixed 364 00:21:00,440 --> 00:21:04,119 Speaker 1: together to produce this reaction. Um. And there can be 365 00:21:04,119 --> 00:21:06,879 Speaker 1: all different kinds of kinds of chemicals. But depending on 366 00:21:06,920 --> 00:21:14,080 Speaker 1: the on the fish or the being, the being, the life. Uh. 367 00:21:14,280 --> 00:21:18,680 Speaker 1: The g one is a a lucifer in and that's 368 00:21:18,680 --> 00:21:20,960 Speaker 1: the light producer, and the other is a lucif phrase 369 00:21:21,560 --> 00:21:25,280 Speaker 1: and that is the enzyme that catalyzes it. So and 370 00:21:25,320 --> 00:21:28,000 Speaker 1: those aren't specific things like you you wouldn't look at 371 00:21:28,040 --> 00:21:30,239 Speaker 1: the chemical composition of something and be like, oh, that's 372 00:21:30,359 --> 00:21:34,159 Speaker 1: lucifer in. Something can be a lucifer and it's a 373 00:21:34,200 --> 00:21:37,800 Speaker 1: generic term for something that produces light or something that 374 00:21:37,840 --> 00:21:41,439 Speaker 1: catalyzes the production of light, the lucifhrase. That is correct, 375 00:21:42,600 --> 00:21:47,000 Speaker 1: And they will mix together and a lot of times 376 00:21:47,080 --> 00:21:49,919 Speaker 1: the lucifer in is something called a photo protein and 377 00:21:49,960 --> 00:21:52,120 Speaker 1: it needs an eye on a charged ion to get 378 00:21:52,160 --> 00:21:54,840 Speaker 1: things going. That would be the lucifhrase. That's right, But 379 00:21:55,200 --> 00:21:58,600 Speaker 1: in all cases there's some sort of trigger. Could be mechanical, 380 00:21:58,640 --> 00:22:02,119 Speaker 1: could be chemical, could be neu logical startle. Yeah, it 381 00:22:02,160 --> 00:22:05,000 Speaker 1: could be something they don't understand yet, but something triggers 382 00:22:05,040 --> 00:22:08,960 Speaker 1: these two things to get together and make this reaction. 383 00:22:09,200 --> 00:22:12,560 Speaker 1: And one thing that I didn't realize was the word 384 00:22:12,640 --> 00:22:16,960 Speaker 1: Lucifer means lightbringer. Yeah, I never knew that. You mean, 385 00:22:17,040 --> 00:22:20,240 Speaker 1: I um went on a little side tear last night 386 00:22:20,240 --> 00:22:23,800 Speaker 1: trying to figure out why the devil would be named 387 00:22:23,800 --> 00:22:27,160 Speaker 1: the light Bringer? Did you find out? It's a mystery. 388 00:22:27,320 --> 00:22:31,920 Speaker 1: It's um Latin and it came years, like centuries after 389 00:22:32,680 --> 00:22:36,160 Speaker 1: UM the Old Testament was originally written, and I can't 390 00:22:36,160 --> 00:22:38,639 Speaker 1: remember what version, but it was basically like added on 391 00:22:38,760 --> 00:22:44,320 Speaker 1: by the I guess the Romans maybe added it on, 392 00:22:44,440 --> 00:22:47,560 Speaker 1: but it's because it's Latin and the original version was 393 00:22:47,600 --> 00:22:52,680 Speaker 1: not written in Latin. Lightbringer, the light Bringer, the morning Star, 394 00:22:52,880 --> 00:22:55,800 Speaker 1: that's another way to put it. They said, maybe it 395 00:22:55,840 --> 00:22:58,960 Speaker 1: had to do with Venus, because Venus is like a 396 00:22:59,000 --> 00:23:04,840 Speaker 1: false are, and so maybe Lucifer is a false angel, 397 00:23:05,160 --> 00:23:07,840 Speaker 1: is what they're saying. But makes sense because the devil 398 00:23:07,880 --> 00:23:10,800 Speaker 1: would always come in disguise. Maybe, Yeah, I think that's 399 00:23:10,840 --> 00:23:14,880 Speaker 1: weak light Bringer. That's pretty specific like what is that. 400 00:23:15,119 --> 00:23:17,360 Speaker 1: I bet there's some theologian that has the answer here. 401 00:23:17,440 --> 00:23:19,359 Speaker 1: I want to hear it. Yeah, I would hard to 402 00:23:19,480 --> 00:23:22,800 Speaker 1: find out about that one podcast at Discovery dot com 403 00:23:22,800 --> 00:23:25,600 Speaker 1: if you know that answer. So, Um, you've got lucifer in, 404 00:23:25,880 --> 00:23:30,679 Speaker 1: you've got luciphrase. Some of these chemical reactions require another substance, 405 00:23:30,720 --> 00:23:35,200 Speaker 1: and a lot of times it's oxygen, right, So luciferen 406 00:23:35,280 --> 00:23:38,520 Speaker 1: will come in in contact with an oxygen molecule and 407 00:23:38,560 --> 00:23:42,080 Speaker 1: then the luciphrase comes along, and then you've got a 408 00:23:42,240 --> 00:23:46,760 Speaker 1: bioluminescent glow, which is pretty cool. But they also think 409 00:23:46,760 --> 00:23:50,360 Speaker 1: that that's one of the reasons I should say, that's 410 00:23:50,400 --> 00:23:54,520 Speaker 1: one of the reasons why they think that bioluminescence is 411 00:23:54,560 --> 00:24:00,920 Speaker 1: an accidental byproduct of regular old evolution and that originally um, 412 00:24:00,920 --> 00:24:07,000 Speaker 1: like there's a lucifering called um ceiling terrazine. I believe 413 00:24:07,000 --> 00:24:10,520 Speaker 1: it's how you pronounce it, uh, And it's an antioxidant. 414 00:24:10,680 --> 00:24:14,040 Speaker 1: It goes around and tries to find like rogue, harmful 415 00:24:14,920 --> 00:24:20,840 Speaker 1: free radicals oxygen derivatives right and get rid of them. Uh. 416 00:24:22,000 --> 00:24:27,280 Speaker 1: And they think that this happened this was a process 417 00:24:27,320 --> 00:24:30,080 Speaker 1: that was way way older than bioluminescence, and then along 418 00:24:30,160 --> 00:24:36,280 Speaker 1: came some substance that became a lucifhrase, and then light 419 00:24:36,400 --> 00:24:39,600 Speaker 1: was created, and then it was just a byproduct like heats, 420 00:24:39,600 --> 00:24:44,679 Speaker 1: a byproduct of metabolism, right. Um. But they think also 421 00:24:44,760 --> 00:24:48,360 Speaker 1: that over time this happened in like maybe it's going 422 00:24:48,400 --> 00:24:51,320 Speaker 1: on inside of us right now and we're producing light, 423 00:24:51,359 --> 00:24:53,080 Speaker 1: but we just don't know it, or it's just so 424 00:24:53,160 --> 00:24:55,679 Speaker 1: weak that we wouldn't even possibly be able to detect it. 425 00:24:56,160 --> 00:24:59,120 Speaker 1: But this happened enough times in animals in the ocean 426 00:24:59,160 --> 00:25:02,760 Speaker 1: where suddenly ones could catch prey more easily because they 427 00:25:02,760 --> 00:25:06,439 Speaker 1: could see better than other animals that weren't bioluminescing, And 428 00:25:06,520 --> 00:25:09,960 Speaker 1: so it was selected in these skies, and now bioluminescence 429 00:25:10,040 --> 00:25:14,200 Speaker 1: is its own trait rather than a byproduct of the 430 00:25:14,240 --> 00:25:18,280 Speaker 1: antioxidant process. I bet you're right. Oh it's that's not 431 00:25:18,320 --> 00:25:21,320 Speaker 1: me man. I think you just cooked this up. I 432 00:25:21,440 --> 00:25:25,880 Speaker 1: wish that's better than why as far as research papers go, Yeah, 433 00:25:25,960 --> 00:25:27,960 Speaker 1: throw a theory out there, see if it sticks, That's 434 00:25:27,960 --> 00:25:31,240 Speaker 1: what I say. So the deal with these these animals 435 00:25:31,280 --> 00:25:33,800 Speaker 1: is they either have all this stuff like in their 436 00:25:33,800 --> 00:25:37,040 Speaker 1: body as part of them, or they have a little 437 00:25:37,040 --> 00:25:41,119 Speaker 1: relationship with a bacteria, like producing bacteria that live in 438 00:25:41,640 --> 00:25:45,199 Speaker 1: a light organ and this is pretty cool. Like some 439 00:25:45,240 --> 00:25:47,199 Speaker 1: of these animals can pull this organ back into their 440 00:25:47,240 --> 00:25:50,000 Speaker 1: body like it's always on. Sometimes they don't want to 441 00:25:50,040 --> 00:25:51,200 Speaker 1: light to be on, so they'll pull it back in 442 00:25:51,240 --> 00:25:53,600 Speaker 1: the body. Or they have a little something like a 443 00:25:53,720 --> 00:25:56,359 Speaker 1: light uh an eyelid that they can just kind of 444 00:25:56,359 --> 00:26:00,560 Speaker 1: close over the light, which is pretty amazing. Yeah, but 445 00:26:00,600 --> 00:26:03,320 Speaker 1: it's always going. Yeah. And what the other thing with 446 00:26:03,359 --> 00:26:06,359 Speaker 1: evolution is they think that because they don't see this 447 00:26:06,480 --> 00:26:09,520 Speaker 1: as often in lakes because lakes are younger, then they 448 00:26:09,520 --> 00:26:12,879 Speaker 1: think it maybe happened independently at different parts in the ocean. 449 00:26:13,200 --> 00:26:14,960 Speaker 1: So I talked to Tracy about this, and it was 450 00:26:15,000 --> 00:26:17,119 Speaker 1: a little hinky. She wrote this a long time because 451 00:26:17,119 --> 00:26:19,680 Speaker 1: she couldn't quite remember what the point was. But the 452 00:26:20,040 --> 00:26:24,000 Speaker 1: point was that they think that because the process of 453 00:26:24,160 --> 00:26:31,800 Speaker 1: antioxidation is a normal thing, um, that the the conditions 454 00:26:31,800 --> 00:26:35,879 Speaker 1: were right for bioluminescence to be selected naturally in some places, 455 00:26:35,920 --> 00:26:38,919 Speaker 1: but it wouldn't in like a lake. So the the 456 00:26:38,960 --> 00:26:44,040 Speaker 1: idea that this happened independently and spontaneously when needed through 457 00:26:44,080 --> 00:26:47,359 Speaker 1: evolution is kind of backed up by the idea that 458 00:26:47,400 --> 00:26:49,640 Speaker 1: you don't really see bioluminescence at the bottom of lakes 459 00:26:49,640 --> 00:26:53,440 Speaker 1: because you don't need it. It all makes sense when 460 00:26:53,480 --> 00:26:55,640 Speaker 1: you just peel the peel the little curtain back, don't 461 00:26:55,640 --> 00:27:00,840 Speaker 1: it when you peel the glowing skin bag? What else 462 00:27:00,880 --> 00:27:05,280 Speaker 1: you got? Anything else? You've seen glowing cats? Yeah? The 463 00:27:05,280 --> 00:27:09,359 Speaker 1: Mayo Clinic likes to put jellyfish jeans in animals. The 464 00:27:09,400 --> 00:27:12,720 Speaker 1: most the biggest one so far as a cat and 465 00:27:12,760 --> 00:27:16,760 Speaker 1: make it glow because they're checking um disease. They're using 466 00:27:16,760 --> 00:27:19,840 Speaker 1: it to mark the progression of diseases. But they made 467 00:27:19,840 --> 00:27:23,240 Speaker 1: a glowing cat. It's pretty cool, now does the I 468 00:27:23,280 --> 00:27:25,480 Speaker 1: gotta look this. It glows under a blue light, but 469 00:27:25,560 --> 00:27:28,520 Speaker 1: it glows green, and it's like the cat glows green 470 00:27:28,640 --> 00:27:33,200 Speaker 1: like it. I guess it's the hair the caratinate produces 471 00:27:33,280 --> 00:27:36,720 Speaker 1: has some sort of fluorescent property to it, but it's 472 00:27:36,800 --> 00:27:43,480 Speaker 1: it's not bioluminescent in it's fluorescent, and fluorescent is where 473 00:27:43,520 --> 00:27:46,919 Speaker 1: you take light of one color and reflected back, absorb 474 00:27:46,960 --> 00:27:48,920 Speaker 1: it and reflected back of it as a different color. 475 00:27:48,920 --> 00:27:51,840 Speaker 1: You're not actually producing light, all right. I just looked 476 00:27:51,880 --> 00:27:55,480 Speaker 1: it up. Wow, it's a glowing cat and I double 477 00:27:55,560 --> 00:27:58,080 Speaker 1: check the day, a double check the damn like, this 478 00:27:58,240 --> 00:28:02,240 Speaker 1: better not be an April Fool article. But it's not. 479 00:28:04,440 --> 00:28:10,000 Speaker 1: I want one of those this photic Yeah, okay, so 480 00:28:10,119 --> 00:28:14,680 Speaker 1: if you you're done, I'm done. Yeah. There's glowing rats too. 481 00:28:14,960 --> 00:28:17,240 Speaker 1: You know these are baby cats I think you should punch. 482 00:28:17,240 --> 00:28:21,199 Speaker 1: Are called kittens in some countries. Um, if you if 483 00:28:21,240 --> 00:28:24,000 Speaker 1: you want to learn more about bioluminescence, you should type 484 00:28:24,040 --> 00:28:26,879 Speaker 1: that in to the search bar. And you want to 485 00:28:26,920 --> 00:28:30,399 Speaker 1: type b I O l U M I N E 486 00:28:30,680 --> 00:28:36,280 Speaker 1: S C E n c E not ful in the 487 00:28:36,280 --> 00:28:38,800 Speaker 1: search bar at how stuff works dot com, and it'll 488 00:28:38,840 --> 00:28:43,600 Speaker 1: bring up this very cool article with some pretty glowing pictures. UM. 489 00:28:43,640 --> 00:28:46,320 Speaker 1: And I said, uh, search bar somewhere in there, which 490 00:28:46,320 --> 00:28:48,520 Speaker 1: means it's time for a listener mail. No it's not, Josh. 491 00:28:48,640 --> 00:28:57,640 Speaker 1: Today's part two of you want to say it? For 492 00:28:57,680 --> 00:28:59,160 Speaker 1: those of you don't know, this is a point at 493 00:28:59,160 --> 00:29:02,360 Speaker 1: the show where we um thank people for little tokens 494 00:29:02,360 --> 00:29:05,240 Speaker 1: and gifts and chatch keys and things that they have 495 00:29:05,320 --> 00:29:08,400 Speaker 1: sent us food sometimes foods, and UM, it's a good 496 00:29:08,480 --> 00:29:10,320 Speaker 1: chance to hear your name on the show as a 497 00:29:10,440 --> 00:29:12,640 Speaker 1: as a thank you, and it's a good chance for 498 00:29:12,680 --> 00:29:14,840 Speaker 1: some of you to find out where you can get 499 00:29:14,880 --> 00:29:16,480 Speaker 1: some of these things, because a lot of times they're 500 00:29:16,520 --> 00:29:20,600 Speaker 1: like really great creative, crafty things. People write books, and like, 501 00:29:20,720 --> 00:29:25,520 Speaker 1: we want to support uh crafters and writers and bakers 502 00:29:25,520 --> 00:29:29,480 Speaker 1: of cookies, and we want to support Bill Wagoner, who 503 00:29:29,520 --> 00:29:33,520 Speaker 1: sent us a bumper sticker on how to pronounce Nevada Nevada. 504 00:29:34,160 --> 00:29:36,760 Speaker 1: I'll never get used to that. It's not right. It 505 00:29:36,880 --> 00:29:39,600 Speaker 1: is right, but I tell everyone that writes in only 506 00:29:39,640 --> 00:29:42,240 Speaker 1: people from Nevada say it that way. Everyone else says 507 00:29:42,280 --> 00:29:48,479 Speaker 1: Nevada Nevada. That's Nevada, all right. Lily, her sister Toby, 508 00:29:48,520 --> 00:29:50,800 Speaker 1: and brother in law Danny start a company called Please 509 00:29:50,920 --> 00:29:53,880 Speaker 1: Be Good Humans. Yeah, I mean they've gotten uh, they 510 00:29:53,880 --> 00:29:55,560 Speaker 1: sent us some shirts. I think they sent some to 511 00:29:56,040 --> 00:29:59,000 Speaker 1: the stickers. They've got them. Know, everybody has stickers. We 512 00:29:59,120 --> 00:30:01,640 Speaker 1: passed them out. Oh well, Kristen Conger, I think that's 513 00:30:01,880 --> 00:30:03,640 Speaker 1: short too though, Oh she did. I think so. Oh 514 00:30:03,680 --> 00:30:07,400 Speaker 1: that's great. Um. And basically everything is has the p 515 00:30:07,520 --> 00:30:12,600 Speaker 1: B g H logo on it, which is like, be 516 00:30:12,680 --> 00:30:16,040 Speaker 1: good to each other, and of everything they sell goes 517 00:30:16,080 --> 00:30:19,080 Speaker 1: to the charity of your choice. So if you go there, 518 00:30:19,720 --> 00:30:23,520 Speaker 1: Please Be Good Humans. The Internet you can actually get 519 00:30:23,560 --> 00:30:25,920 Speaker 1: some of the stuff and choose your own charity that 520 00:30:27,000 --> 00:30:29,760 Speaker 1: will go to. Very nice message, Very nice. Um, how 521 00:30:29,800 --> 00:30:34,360 Speaker 1: about some Randy Carbonny action. Yeah, he send us his 522 00:30:34,440 --> 00:30:38,760 Speaker 1: Pirate Gag booklet, which is a tailor made for Pirate Day. 523 00:30:39,920 --> 00:30:42,520 Speaker 1: Talk about too Pirate Day. If you want to learn 524 00:30:42,520 --> 00:30:46,480 Speaker 1: more about that, you could go to Pirate Day p 525 00:30:46,760 --> 00:30:50,480 Speaker 1: I R A T E A d A y dot 526 00:30:50,520 --> 00:30:55,120 Speaker 1: blog spot dot com and hook up with Randy carbon Action. 527 00:30:56,720 --> 00:30:59,320 Speaker 1: Christopher M. A Roth with an E at the end 528 00:30:59,360 --> 00:31:02,040 Speaker 1: sent us a kN version of his book Dirk Danger 529 00:31:02,120 --> 00:31:04,280 Speaker 1: Loves Life. I don't have a kindle yet, and I'm 530 00:31:04,320 --> 00:31:09,880 Speaker 1: dying to read this thing, just sitting there. Um. Susannah 531 00:31:10,120 --> 00:31:14,720 Speaker 1: from Archie the Archie Comics. Um, she sent us a 532 00:31:14,760 --> 00:31:17,160 Speaker 1: bunch of stuff. She she she sends us stuff in 533 00:31:17,240 --> 00:31:20,560 Speaker 1: like waves. I guess you could put it. But most recently, um, 534 00:31:20,640 --> 00:31:24,760 Speaker 1: she sent us a Archie meets Kiss hardcover book of 535 00:31:24,840 --> 00:31:29,040 Speaker 1: Kevin Keller book. Um, that's the first gay character. That's right, 536 00:31:29,640 --> 00:31:32,640 Speaker 1: first gay comic book character. This whole green lantern hubbub. 537 00:31:33,200 --> 00:31:36,280 Speaker 1: I haven't heard that. Oh yeah, there's apparently two green lanterns, 538 00:31:36,320 --> 00:31:38,040 Speaker 1: and one of them came out as gay and it's 539 00:31:38,080 --> 00:31:41,440 Speaker 1: just a man in the comic that he came out. 540 00:31:41,480 --> 00:31:45,920 Speaker 1: And yeah, but Archie's gotta beat it's right because of 541 00:31:46,000 --> 00:31:49,160 Speaker 1: Kevin Keller is the first gay character UH in the 542 00:31:49,600 --> 00:31:52,920 Speaker 1: Jinx comics that Susannah is she draw right produced those 543 00:31:52,960 --> 00:31:55,920 Speaker 1: which yeah, I mean that's her baby, So UM support 544 00:31:55,960 --> 00:31:57,960 Speaker 1: the Jinx comics and Archie's a whole. She sent his 545 00:31:58,040 --> 00:32:01,040 Speaker 1: shirts and what we're supposed to meet at UH Comic Con, 546 00:32:01,640 --> 00:32:03,280 Speaker 1: but she said they were slammed in the booth and 547 00:32:03,320 --> 00:32:06,320 Speaker 1: she was unable to get away. Oh I met Uncle 548 00:32:06,360 --> 00:32:09,760 Speaker 1: John's Reader people. From reader People, they gave us shirts 549 00:32:09,880 --> 00:32:13,520 Speaker 1: and hats, very nice, so thank you for that as well. 550 00:32:13,920 --> 00:32:17,240 Speaker 1: We're from Mad Magazine too. Just like floored me. Yeah, 551 00:32:18,240 --> 00:32:20,440 Speaker 1: did you write that guy back? I totally did you. Yeah, 552 00:32:20,480 --> 00:32:25,080 Speaker 1: I finally did. Um. Daniel Mackenzie from Oakland, California Sennison 553 00:32:25,240 --> 00:32:30,520 Speaker 1: LP from his band shut I Unison, awesome music, indie rock, 554 00:32:31,680 --> 00:32:35,840 Speaker 1: little noisy, little melodic, right up my alley, shut Out Unison. 555 00:32:36,080 --> 00:32:39,640 Speaker 1: I didn't see that one. It's good stuff. Um. Andy 556 00:32:39,680 --> 00:32:44,200 Speaker 1: Parr Sentison edition of Games Magazine's World of Puzzles. Is 557 00:32:44,240 --> 00:32:47,520 Speaker 1: that the one that had us as a clue. I believe. 558 00:32:47,600 --> 00:32:50,600 Speaker 1: So yeah, stuff you should know was a clue in 559 00:32:50,600 --> 00:32:54,400 Speaker 1: a word search. I believe nobody got it. I don't 560 00:32:54,400 --> 00:32:56,320 Speaker 1: get this one. That's cool, but it was very nice 561 00:32:56,360 --> 00:32:58,680 Speaker 1: that he uh he did. He went to that in trouble. 562 00:32:59,040 --> 00:33:02,480 Speaker 1: Uh Suki s u k I Design Laboratory, senter some 563 00:33:02,560 --> 00:33:07,760 Speaker 1: hankies and this was the lady who designed the baby 564 00:33:08,200 --> 00:33:10,720 Speaker 1: head T shirt with the fly. Yeah, our favorite T 565 00:33:10,840 --> 00:33:13,960 Speaker 1: shirt of the submissions, the most disturbing one. It was 566 00:33:14,240 --> 00:33:17,880 Speaker 1: one of my five favorites. It was my favorite inning. Yeah. 567 00:33:17,920 --> 00:33:20,000 Speaker 1: But um, she designed that, and she sent us some 568 00:33:20,080 --> 00:33:24,560 Speaker 1: hankies with like these hankies have like sleeping sickness and 569 00:33:24,640 --> 00:33:28,960 Speaker 1: hepatitis and like the chemical combinations of these on the hanky. 570 00:33:29,120 --> 00:33:34,720 Speaker 1: Yeah that's what's contained within. Yeah, that's pretty awesome. Um yeah, 571 00:33:34,800 --> 00:33:37,720 Speaker 1: thank you for those. Duff Man sent it's the Springfield 572 00:33:37,760 --> 00:33:42,080 Speaker 1: Isotopes couzy. Yeah, from deaf Man himself. Yeah, uh, we 573 00:33:42,120 --> 00:33:46,000 Speaker 1: appreciate that, sir. Uh. Silver Fox broad Band sent his 574 00:33:46,080 --> 00:33:48,800 Speaker 1: Silver Fox T shirts and at first I was all, well, 575 00:33:49,040 --> 00:33:51,680 Speaker 1: is this broadband company sending his shirts? Then I looked 576 00:33:51,720 --> 00:33:56,600 Speaker 1: up they supply internet for senior homes, So I was 577 00:33:56,640 --> 00:33:59,080 Speaker 1: all of a sudden work with pride. Everyone at my 578 00:33:59,240 --> 00:34:06,080 Speaker 1: gym thinks that I'm a silver Fox. Comfortable. Let's see 579 00:34:06,320 --> 00:34:08,560 Speaker 1: the guys from rock tail Ours send us a T 580 00:34:08,680 --> 00:34:13,040 Speaker 1: shirt the podcast about rock music. Um, that's rock and 581 00:34:13,080 --> 00:34:16,160 Speaker 1: then tail t a l e our check them out. 582 00:34:16,920 --> 00:34:20,320 Speaker 1: Bike rappers dot com uh with w R A p 583 00:34:20,480 --> 00:34:23,719 Speaker 1: B are not rapping like music. They sent us some 584 00:34:23,840 --> 00:34:27,560 Speaker 1: reflective bike rappers and dog collars. Basically just these little 585 00:34:27,560 --> 00:34:31,080 Speaker 1: bell grow things. Such an easy invention but but necessary 586 00:34:31,480 --> 00:34:33,839 Speaker 1: and you wrap them on the frame of your bike 587 00:34:34,320 --> 00:34:36,520 Speaker 1: to make your bike more reflective. And they have a 588 00:34:36,520 --> 00:34:40,879 Speaker 1: little reflective dog collars too. It's pretty cool. Um, we've 589 00:34:40,920 --> 00:34:43,120 Speaker 1: got Christmas cards from a bunch of people. Thank you 590 00:34:43,200 --> 00:34:45,000 Speaker 1: very much. From this is how far behind we are. 591 00:34:45,920 --> 00:34:49,279 Speaker 1: It's Christmas in July, everybody, Nick and Lindsay Devon, b 592 00:34:49,560 --> 00:34:53,479 Speaker 1: Becca Evans, Andrew and Janelle Thomas. So thank you very much. 593 00:34:53,840 --> 00:34:58,080 Speaker 1: Merry Christmas all your people, and happy Halloween. M oh 594 00:34:58,080 --> 00:35:00,120 Speaker 1: and I've got one more and send us a Halloween car. 595 00:35:00,239 --> 00:35:03,560 Speaker 1: Oh thanks, Happy Halloween, am. And then again from Nick 596 00:35:03,600 --> 00:35:06,279 Speaker 1: and Lindsay. They sent us Valentine State cards. Yeah, they're 597 00:35:06,280 --> 00:35:08,399 Speaker 1: they're pretty sweet. They send us stuff are you done, 598 00:35:08,440 --> 00:35:10,400 Speaker 1: because I got two more in this one. Let's go 599 00:35:10,480 --> 00:35:14,120 Speaker 1: for it, dude. David Beaver's family has been making a 600 00:35:14,160 --> 00:35:17,879 Speaker 1: magnetic calendar for fifty years, and not just one. They've 601 00:35:17,920 --> 00:35:22,080 Speaker 1: been making the magnetic calendars for fifty years. Uh. The 602 00:35:22,120 --> 00:35:26,080 Speaker 1: Magnetic Calendar dot com owned operated, made and sourced in 603 00:35:26,080 --> 00:35:30,000 Speaker 1: the Midwest. It's a selling point family business. They've been 604 00:35:30,040 --> 00:35:32,960 Speaker 1: doing this for how long fifty years? Fifty years? Uh? 605 00:35:33,040 --> 00:35:35,279 Speaker 1: And then Jill Swing sent us a Twinkie the kid 606 00:35:35,320 --> 00:35:37,680 Speaker 1: t shirts, So thank you very much. Yeah, I believe 607 00:35:37,719 --> 00:35:39,960 Speaker 1: it was how many design to write? I don't know, 608 00:35:40,040 --> 00:35:42,640 Speaker 1: I think it is, was it? Yeah? Well, thank you everybody. 609 00:35:42,680 --> 00:35:44,680 Speaker 1: That was very kind of you. Yeah. We have one 610 00:35:44,719 --> 00:35:47,920 Speaker 1: more installment and they'll here soon, and then I have 611 00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:49,840 Speaker 1: to do it because these are all the ones that 612 00:35:49,920 --> 00:35:51,840 Speaker 1: Chuck compiled. I think it's most of them that you 613 00:35:51,840 --> 00:35:55,080 Speaker 1: have a lot. I've got a decent amount. All right. Well, 614 00:35:55,120 --> 00:35:57,040 Speaker 1: then they'll be apart four, okay, and then we'll start 615 00:35:57,040 --> 00:36:00,239 Speaker 1: all over all right, all right? If you want to 616 00:36:00,239 --> 00:36:04,080 Speaker 1: send us something, even something is innocuous, is just a hello. 617 00:36:04,440 --> 00:36:07,120 Speaker 1: You can tweet to us at s y s K podcast. 618 00:36:07,440 --> 00:36:09,920 Speaker 1: You can join us on Facebook dot com. Uh slash 619 00:36:09,960 --> 00:36:13,200 Speaker 1: stuff you should know and you can send us an 620 00:36:13,239 --> 00:36:24,200 Speaker 1: email to Stuff Podcast at Discovery dot com. For more 621 00:36:24,239 --> 00:36:26,840 Speaker 1: on this and thousands of other topics, visit how Stuff 622 00:36:26,840 --> 00:36:36,400 Speaker 1: Works dot com. M brought to you by the reinvented 623 00:36:36,440 --> 00:36:39,120 Speaker 1: two thousand twelve camera. It's ready, are you