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Speaker 1: Hey, welcome to stuff to blow your mind. My name

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Speaker 1: is Robert Lamb. We returned to the vault once more,

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Speaker 1: this time for the Moons of UNO's Part three, originally

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Speaker 1: published five sixteen, twenty twenty three. Dive right in. This

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Speaker 1: is part three of three. Enjoy.

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Speaker 2: These are the forgeries of jealousy. And never since the

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Speaker 2: middle summer's spring met we on a hill in dale forest,

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Speaker 2: or mead by paved fountain, or by rushing brook, or

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Speaker 2: in the beached margin of the sea, to dance our

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Speaker 2: ringlets to the whistling wind. But with thy brawls thou

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Speaker 2: hast disturbed our sport. Therefore the winds piping to us

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Speaker 2: in vain as in revenge, have sucked up from the sea.

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Speaker 2: Contagious fogs, which falling in the land, have every pelting

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Speaker 2: river made so proud that they have over borne their continents.

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Speaker 2: The ox hath therefore stretched his yoke in vein, The

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Speaker 2: plowman lost his sweat, and the green corn hath rotted,

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Speaker 2: ere his youth attained a beard. The fold stands empty

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Speaker 2: in the drowned field, and crows are fatted with the

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Speaker 2: murray and flock. The nine men's morris is filled up

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Speaker 2: with mud, and the quaint mazes in the wanton green,

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Speaker 2: for lack of tread, are undistinguishable. The human mortals want

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Speaker 2: their winter here. No night is now with him or

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Speaker 2: Carol blessed. Therefore the moon, the governess of floods, pale

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Speaker 2: in her anger, washes all the air that rheumatic diseases

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Speaker 2: do abound. And thorough this distemperature, we see the seasons alter,

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Speaker 2: hoary headed frosts far in the fresh lap of the

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Speaker 2: crimson rose, and on old highamps than an icy crown.

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Speaker 2: An odorous chaplet of sweet summer buds is as in

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Speaker 2: mock reset the spring, the summer, the child in autumn,

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Speaker 2: angry winter change their wonted liveries, and the mazed world,

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Speaker 2: by their increase, now knows not which is which. And

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Speaker 2: this same progeny of evils comes from our debate, from

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Speaker 2: our dissension, we are their parents and original.

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Speaker 3: Welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind, a production of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 1: Hey you welcome to stuff to Blow your mind.

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Speaker 2: My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Joe McCormick.

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Speaker 1: I can't believe nine men's morris is filled up with mud.

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Speaker 1: It used to be a cool place.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I know. So we're back with our third and

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Speaker 2: final part in the series on the moons of the

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Speaker 2: planet Uranus, and I started today with a reading from uh,

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Speaker 2: that's actually it's a speech given by the character Titania,

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Speaker 2: the Queen of the Fairies, in William Shakespeare's play A

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Speaker 2: Midsummer Night's Dream. Now I've read that half just because

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Speaker 2: I loved that speech and I thought it was really cool,

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Speaker 2: but it also seemed to kind of resonant with our

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Speaker 2: subject matter today. So the speech in the play is

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Speaker 2: delivered by Titania to Oberon, king of the Fairies, describing

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Speaker 2: how the jealous feuding between the two of them has

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Speaker 2: had malicious effects on the weather and the very environment

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Speaker 2: of nature and the human world, because you know, when

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Speaker 2: fairies fight, it's not just bad vibes. The bad vibes

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Speaker 2: apparently become quite physical, and they take the form of floods, drought,

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Speaker 2: frostbitten winters, famine, disease, etc. And this struck me as

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Speaker 2: interesting in this case because of the ways that hundreds

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Speaker 2: of years ago, the behavior of planets and moons and

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Speaker 2: other objects up in the heavens was thought to affect

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Speaker 2: the weather and produce not just affect the weather, but

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Speaker 2: to produce the bad air that brings plague. So both

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Speaker 2: of the things kind of mentioned in this speech bad

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Speaker 2: weather and disease. And we've talked about numerous specific examples

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Speaker 2: of that in previous episodes, but one being that during

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Speaker 2: the Second Plague pandemic in thirteen forty eight, a convocation

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Speaker 2: of scholars from the medical faculty at the University of

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Speaker 2: Paris was assembled by King Philip the sixth of France

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Speaker 2: to determine the cause of the plague, and they concluded

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Speaker 2: it was because of the thirteen forty five conjunction of Mars,

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Speaker 2: Jupiter and Saturn in the House of Aquarius, which had

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Speaker 2: caused evil vapors to rise up from the earth and

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Speaker 2: breathe death into the cities of humankind. So the idea

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Speaker 2: of this direct causal connection between what the planets are doing,

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Speaker 2: what things in the sky are doing, and then weather

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Speaker 2: on earth and then disease. And this struck me because

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Speaker 2: in Shakespeare the behavior of Oberon and Titania is thought

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Speaker 2: to change the weather and bring disease, but this was

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Speaker 2: before those characters were also the names of actual heavenly bodies,

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Speaker 2: moons of the planet Uranus. In fact, that would have

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Speaker 2: been before the official discovery of Uranus as a planet

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Speaker 2: at all. But Titanya and Oberon are now both major

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Speaker 2: moons of Uranus. Those two were discovered by William Herschel

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Speaker 2: in seventeen eighty seven, the same guy who discovered Uranus

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Speaker 2: as a planet, though curiously I was just reading about this.

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Speaker 2: William Herschel also at the same time reported discovering several

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Speaker 2: other moons that were never confirmed by later astronomers, so

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Speaker 2: nobody ever found moons matching the orbits of these other

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Speaker 2: couple moons he described. Herschel Apparently, I don't know, he

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Speaker 2: wrote something down wrong or something, you know. He claimed

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Speaker 2: to have found some non existent moons in addition to

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Speaker 2: these real ones. But anyway, I wonder if if the

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Speaker 2: Uranian moons Oberon and Titania had been known about in

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Speaker 2: Shakespeare's day, they might also, I wonder, have been have

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Speaker 2: been blamed for making the green corn rot and filling

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Speaker 2: the Nine Men's moris up with mud and spreading the

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Speaker 2: rheumatic diseases and all that stuff.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, it's it's interesting. Despite all of the shakespeare

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Speaker 1: references in the naming of the Iranian moons. I don't

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Speaker 1: believe Shakespeare ever references the god Uranus or Uranos in

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Speaker 1: his works. Could be a lot wrong about that. I'm

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Speaker 1: not a Shakespeare scholar. I'm just combining memory of Shakespeare

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Speaker 1: with some searches on some digital databases of his work.

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Speaker 1: All the other gods featured in our planetary lineup are

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Speaker 1: referenced numerous times in his plays, but never never Uranos,

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Speaker 1: and the same seems to be true of Alexander Pope,

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Speaker 1: which I guess this ultimately just speaks to the limited

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Speaker 1: or non existent role Uranas had in literature of the

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Speaker 1: times of these these writers, right.

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Speaker 2: I guess he's just wasn't one of the flashiest gods,

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Speaker 2: you know. Yeah, yeah, But actually I was just thinking,

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Speaker 2: to come back on what I said a minute ago, I,

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Speaker 2: you know, wondering if the moons of another planet would

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Speaker 2: have been used in astrological explanations for weather patterns and disease.

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Speaker 2: Now that I think about it, I can't think of

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Speaker 2: a case where, then, at least that I'm familiar with,

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Speaker 2: where the moons of other planets were used to explain

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Speaker 2: that that. Maybe that's because like those moons of other

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Speaker 2: planets had only been known about since the time of Galileo,

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Speaker 2: but as far as I can recall, it's always invoking

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Speaker 2: the outer planets themselves and not their moons, of course,

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Speaker 2: apart from our own moon, which, according again to Titania,

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Speaker 2: is the governess of floods.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, I love that, the governess of floods.

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Speaker 2: You know, before I had ever seen or read Midsummer

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Speaker 2: Night's Dream and knew Oberon and Titania as characters here.

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Speaker 2: Before I even knew them as the names of moons

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Speaker 2: of Uranus that I recall, I actually knew them from

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Speaker 2: a different place. I knew them as part of a

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Speaker 2: spooky chant in a song my dad used to listen

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Speaker 2: to when I was younger, the line you have to

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Speaker 2: imagine this with several voices and a strange dissonant harmony

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Speaker 2: saying Jupiter and Saturn, Oberon, Miranda and Titania, Neptune Titan

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Speaker 2: stars can frighten, which is of course from the nineteen

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Speaker 2: sixty seven psychedelic space rock anthem Astronomy Domine by Pink Floyd.

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Speaker 2: I think this song was written by syd Barrett, a

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Speaker 2: song that I think I have to admit is still

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Speaker 2: sort of always looping in the back of my head

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Speaker 2: when I think about space, when I picture the empty

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Speaker 2: landscapes of other planets and moons. It manages to capture

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Speaker 2: a feeling of space that is simultaneously very unsettling but

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Speaker 2: also so inviting. And it really helped me be excited

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Speaker 2: about space before I knew much about it, like seeing

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Speaker 2: it as this realm of mysteries that were thrilling to unveil.

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Speaker 2: So I'm not saying the effect would be the same

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Speaker 2: with all kids, but for me personally, this weird song

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Speaker 2: by Pink Floyd was a wonderful early science education tool,

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Speaker 2: not because it contains any actual like information or educational content.

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Speaker 2: It doesn't, but because it really made me want to

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Speaker 2: know more about what's out there.

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Speaker 1: So you're saying Astronomy Domine was kind of your Star Wars?

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Speaker 2: Is that what Star Wars was for you? I mean,

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Speaker 2: I love Star Wars too, I you know, wore out

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Speaker 2: the videotape.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean I get. When I think back on

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Speaker 1: just earliest idea things that got me excited about space,

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Speaker 1: I think they were mostly you know, space stories, Like

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Speaker 1: I remember really liking the black Hole from Disney, and

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Speaker 1: I had like a storybook and cassette of the black Hole.

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Speaker 1: Even though, of course, as we've mentioned on the show

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Speaker 1: before and maybe we'll get into again in the future,

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Speaker 1: you know, the black Hole contains very little that you

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Speaker 1: can take to the bank regarding actual information about this

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Speaker 1: about space and the nature of black holes.

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Speaker 2: Well, I guess this is part of the song's psychedelic qualities.

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Speaker 2: But yeah, Astronomy domine I always felt it was. It

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Speaker 2: was scary in the best possible way. It was scary

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Speaker 2: in the way that it's like, you know, you want

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Speaker 2: to know what's behind the door, but you're you're frightened

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Speaker 2: to open it in a way that makes you just

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Speaker 2: you have to look even more.

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Speaker 1: Hmmm. No, I know, having been hurt listened to part

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Speaker 1: of this song here, and I'm not super familiar with

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Speaker 1: Pink Floyd. You know, I know the big ones, of course,

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Speaker 1: but I haven't I've never done a deep dive into

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Speaker 1: their discography. Yeah, I see what you're saying about this.

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Speaker 2: This track, this is early Pink Floyd. Most of the

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Speaker 2: Pink Floyd stuff people know is from a later period

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Speaker 2: of the band where they sound totally different. They're more

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Speaker 2: the kind of you know, I don't know what you

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Speaker 2: call it progressive classic rock. This is from their early

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Speaker 2: couple of albums that were more weird British psychedelic rock. Okay,

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Speaker 2: all right, but anyway, in the line of lyrics from

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Speaker 2: from the song you Hear You Hear Three Names, it's

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Speaker 2: oberon Miranda in Titanya. So I think we're still taking

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Speaker 2: the moons somewhat in order. Right, last in the previous episode,

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Speaker 2: we talked about the inner moons of Uranus, and now

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Speaker 2: we're going to be talking about the major moons.

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Speaker 1: That's right, and we'll begin with Miranda here. Miranda's name

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Speaker 1: for Prospero's daughter in the Tempest. She's also the subject

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Speaker 1: of a pretty famous waterhouse painting. I included this for you, Joe.

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Speaker 1: I don't know, maybe I'm alone in this, but I

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Speaker 1: just remember seeing this one a lot. I feel like

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Speaker 1: this one. There were a lot of posters of this

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Speaker 1: on dorm rooms or something. I don't know.

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Speaker 2: If I did see it, it didn't really make an impression,

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Speaker 2: but I like.

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Speaker 1: It has sort of Gothic sensibility to it. I don't

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Speaker 1: think I've ever seen the actual painting. I'm not sure

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Speaker 1: where it is at any rate. It was discovered by

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Speaker 1: Gerald P. Kuiper on February sixteenth, nineteen forty eight, at

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Speaker 1: McDonald Observatory in Texas. It was the last moon of

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Speaker 1: the planet to be discovered prior to Voyager two, the

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Speaker 1: smallest and closest to the planet of the pre Voyager

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Speaker 1: two discovered moons of Uranus. Now. The composition here, like

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Speaker 1: all the larger moons, it's thought to consist mostly of

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Speaker 1: a roughly equal mix of water, ice, and silicate rock.

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Speaker 1: The significance is I've seen numerous descriptions referring to it

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Speaker 1: as a Frankenstein moon, which of course instantly sounds pretty

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Speaker 1: jazzy Frankenstein moon of seemingly mismatched landscapes and featuring Titanic

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Speaker 1: canyons thought to be twelve times as deep as the

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Speaker 1: Grand Canyon of Earth. In some cases. Its surface also

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Speaker 1: bears the mark of coroni, which are sound delicious what

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Speaker 1: they're found to be. They're found on the surface of

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Speaker 1: Venus as well. These like oval shaped geological markings caused

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Speaker 1: by upwellings of subsurface warm material. So Miranda is known

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Speaker 1: to or is thought to have frozen water ice on

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Speaker 1: its surface, and the corona here may have caused warm

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Speaker 1: ice rising to cause tectonic faults in the rock here.

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Speaker 2: So you mentioned it has this peculiar, fascinating outer appearance.

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Speaker 2: I had a couple of I added a couple of

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Speaker 2: photos here to the outline so we could rub the

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Speaker 2: fur a bit to look at the different textures on Miranda.

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Speaker 2: Across much of the known surface, it does look a

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Speaker 2: lot like our moon. Like you can see sort of

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Speaker 2: swaths of gray landscape of rocks and soil, you know,

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Speaker 2: the very familiar looking dotted with that kind of fractal

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Speaker 2: vanishing pattern of craters. But then across some stretches of

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Speaker 2: the Moon's surface, it looks like a bear about the

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Speaker 2: size of the Sun, just like dug its claws in

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Speaker 2: and used it as a scratching post. Something absolutely tore

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Speaker 2: up the crust of this planet.

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Speaker 1: Now, you know. Part of this is I'm primed by

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Speaker 1: being described as the Frankenstein Moon, but also looking at

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Speaker 1: these images of it, it makes me think of this

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Speaker 1: moon as a mad ball, which I don't think. Well,

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Speaker 1: they're apparently still around. I think they started in the

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Speaker 1: mid eighties and they were a toy when I was

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Speaker 1: a kid. But they are like these bouncy balls that

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Speaker 1: have these like textured monster heads, like ones of cyclops

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Speaker 1: ones like a meducer or something, and.

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Speaker 2: I just looked it up. Yeah, okay, I think I've

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Speaker 2: seen these.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, so it's kind of like if you're familiar with these,

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Speaker 1: and I think they're still around. They have a website,

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Speaker 1: so I think you can probably buy them somewhere. Maybe

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Speaker 1: they're not the hot thing with kids these days, but

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Speaker 1: at any rate, I look at this moon and I

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Speaker 1: think of mad balls.

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Speaker 2: So I'm looking at an arrangement of six mad balls,

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Speaker 2: and five of them are some kind of monster I

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Speaker 2: don't know, like a like a one eyed, one horned,

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Speaker 2: purple people eater of some sort. And then but one

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Speaker 2: of them is just a baseball with an angry face.

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Speaker 2: It's just a baseball. Why do they got to put

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Speaker 2: a baseball in there? Even got the little seams with

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Speaker 2: the red thread, and I don't know, just.

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Speaker 1: An angry baseball. I guess monster.

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Speaker 2: Base I see what you're talking about, though, yet, Yes,

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Speaker 2: it is kind of like a mad ball. It has

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Speaker 2: very the different mismatched parts. It looks like it could

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Speaker 2: be you know, illustrated scarring or something. I don't know.

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Speaker 2: It's just like a hugely variable strange surface. So there

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Speaker 2: I mentioned the parts. Some just look kind of like

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Speaker 2: any moon you might imagine. Some look like the parts

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Speaker 2: where the bear dug its claws in. Other parts look

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Speaker 2: to me like you've ever seen the you know those

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Speaker 2: little zin gardens people have where they are like soft

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Speaker 2: patterns of parallel lines and raked into the sand. Yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 2: there are parts of the surface that look like that.

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Speaker 2: Here you see these little kind of I'm not implying

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Speaker 2: that they were left there by an actual being, but yeah,

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Speaker 2: it looks like just kind of parallel lines gently raked

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Speaker 2: into the surface, but of course with massive proportions. And

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Speaker 2: there are some places that show jagged ruptures and protrusions

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Speaker 2: off of the Moon's surface that are really just scraping space.

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Speaker 2: Like you can really see like a kind of a

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Speaker 2: point coming off of there. Rob you mentioned that some

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Speaker 2: of the canyons on Miranda are thought to be twelve

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Speaker 2: times as deep as the Grand Canyon on Earth. I

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Speaker 2: wanted to zoom in on one particular feature that I

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Speaker 2: found very interesting. Let's go to the Verona rupus. Verona

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Speaker 2: is I believe here a reference to Romeo and Juliet,

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Speaker 2: because again the Shakespeare names of Urines's moons, and so

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Speaker 2: Romeo and Juliet is set in the Italian city of Verona. Meanwhile,

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Speaker 2: Verona Rupus Rupus is a word used in planetary geology

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Speaker 2: to refer to extraterrestrial escarpments or cliffs. It's the Latin

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Speaker 2: word for cliff. So Raba included a photo for you

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Speaker 2: to look at of Verona rupas zoomed in. This is

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Speaker 2: an image that was featured by NASA and Michigan Tech's

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Speaker 2: Astronomy Picture of the Day site, and this photograph was

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Speaker 2: taken by No Surprise Voyager two, as all these close

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Speaker 2: up photos of Uranes's moons are. But what's really interesting

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Speaker 2: here is that you can see in the picture this

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Speaker 2: massive feature is not a gently sloping mountain side, but

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Speaker 2: a steep, sheer cliff. And what you can't tell from

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Speaker 2: the picture is the scale of this massive landscape feature.

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Speaker 2: According to the APOD write up, the drop from Verona

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Speaker 2: Rupus is thought to be about twenty kilometers deep. Now,

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Speaker 2: I've seen other estimates somewhere. I don't know exactly who's

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Speaker 2: the final authority on estimating the heights of features like

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Speaker 2: this from photos, but twenty kilometers is the estimate given here,

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Speaker 2: and for a point of comparison, they say that this

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Speaker 2: is in this case ten times the depth of the

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Speaker 2: Grand Canyon. For another one, I just looked up the

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Speaker 2: height of Mount Everest. That's about eight point eight kilometers

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Speaker 2: in height. So imagine a drop off more than double

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Speaker 2: the peak to ground height of Everest. But it's not

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Speaker 2: a slope, it's a cliff. It's a vertical cliff.

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Speaker 1: Wow, that's incredible.

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Speaker 2: I'm imagining the call avoid kind of thought patterns that

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Speaker 2: looking at a cliff of that size. Man, if you're

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Speaker 2: somebody with like krimophobia, you know, you get afraid of

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Speaker 2: sharp drop offs. I don't know, you can't even process it.

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Speaker 2: But another thing they point out is that, so you

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Speaker 2: imagine a future astronaut is somehow on the surface of Miranda,

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Speaker 2: and maybe they are suddenly they're cursed by Oberon and Titania,

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Speaker 2: you know, the fairy magic falls upon them and they

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Speaker 2: are made to jump the cliff. This source estimates that

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Speaker 2: it would take them about twelve minutes to fall to

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Speaker 2: the bottom, though the length of that fall is somewhat

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Speaker 2: stretched out because Miranda has relatively very low gravity compared

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Speaker 2: to Earth. But despite the lower gravity, the fall would

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Speaker 2: probably still probably would still hurt you.

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Speaker 1: I mean, I guess in the future extreme base jumpers

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Speaker 1: might venture there and they're like robot avide hard bodies

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Speaker 1: and take a leap off, And in that case, I

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Speaker 1: guess you survived the fall because you're just back in

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Speaker 1: your actual body at the end of it. Yeah, always

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Speaker 1: safety precautions though, just a heap of robots at the

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Speaker 1: bottom though, just smashed down to a thin sheet.

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Speaker 2: So what causes this chaotic patchwork landscape? There are a

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Speaker 2: couple of hypotheses. One appears to be the idea of collisions.

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Speaker 2: Basically that Miranda was actually somewhat smashed to pieces by

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Speaker 2: collision with a large object, but these pieces did not

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Speaker 2: fly off into deep space. They were still caught in

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Speaker 2: orbit around Uranus, and they were ultimately attracted to each

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Speaker 2: other by gravity and reformed into a moon once again.

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Speaker 2: But then you'd have the different pieces sort of fitting

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Speaker 2: together weirdly, explaining the patchy surface.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, so a Miranda's a mess, but potentially she's a

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Speaker 1: work in progress.

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Speaker 2: Yes, And if that were indeed the case, that sort

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Speaker 2: of reminds me of the whole thing about like why

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Speaker 2: planetary defense concepts you know, like protecting Earth from comets

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Speaker 2: and asteroids, don't tend to focus on trying to blow

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Speaker 2: up incoming asteroids. So you got an asteroid that's coming

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Speaker 2: toward Earth, you don't want to like, you know, nuke

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Speaker 2: its core and smash it to a million pieces like

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Speaker 2: in you know movies like Armageddon or something, because fragmenting

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Speaker 2: it into pieces, it potentially would just still hit Earth anyway,

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Speaker 2: like the pieces would hit Earth, or it might be

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Speaker 2: gravitationally attracted to itself reform and still hit Earth. So instead,

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Speaker 2: the better plan is to deflect its path. You want

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Speaker 2: to blow it off course, not blow it up.

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Speaker 1: Yeahudget, nudget a little bit. Make sure it just gradually

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Speaker 1: goes off course far enough ahead of the injuring any

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Speaker 1: kind of danger zone.

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Speaker 2: But another possible explanation for the weird mismatched surface of

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Speaker 2: Miranda is a not a collision and a reforming together,

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Speaker 2: but instead is like that Miranda is struck by like

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Speaker 2: large rocky objects or meteorites of some kind. These impacts

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Speaker 2: partially melt the ice that is underneath the surface of Miranda,

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Speaker 2: and then that melting from the heat of the impact

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Speaker 2: causes water to rise to the surface, icy water to

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Speaker 2: come up to the surface and then it re freezes

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Speaker 2: somewhat chaotically, giving rise to these strange patterns of different

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Speaker 2: types of surface texture.

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Speaker 1: Well, however, it comes together. Definitely worth pulling up an

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Speaker 1: image of this so you'll see what we're talking about here,

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Speaker 1: because it's, uh, visually, it's I think one of, if

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Speaker 1: not the most notable of the Uranian moons. All right,

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Speaker 1: let's move on to the next one. The next one

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Speaker 1: is aerial and this one, this one pulls double duty

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Speaker 1: because it is a spirit who serves Prospero in the tempest,

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Speaker 1: but it is also a sylph or a sylphid from

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Speaker 1: Alexander Pope's the Rape of the Lock. This is like

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Speaker 1: an invisible air elemental being that is brought up in

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Speaker 1: the works of Paracelsus.

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Speaker 2: Oh that's interesting.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, So anyway, double duty. This one's in both camps

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Speaker 1: of Pope and Shakespeare. Discovered by English astronomer William Lassel

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Speaker 1: in eighteen fifty one. The composition, you know, same as

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Speaker 1: Miranda and other larger moons, but carbon dioxide has also

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Speaker 1: been detected, and the significance here it's tidally locked like

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Speaker 1: our Moon, youngest surface of the moons of Uranus and

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Speaker 1: the most recent geologically active.

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Speaker 2: So like Earth and Knits Moon, if you were able

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Speaker 2: to stand on the surface of Uranus and look up

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Speaker 2: at Ariel, I mean you can't stand on the surface

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Speaker 2: of Uranus, but if you were to look up at Ariel,

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Speaker 2: you would always see the same side of it facing

390
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Speaker 2: the planet right. So, to invoke another Pink Floyd reference, there,

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Speaker 2: there would not actually be a permanent dark side of

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Speaker 2: the Moon on aerial but there would be an always

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Speaker 2: facing away side of the Moon, the far side.

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Speaker 1: All right. Moving on to the next one. Umbriel, also

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Speaker 1: discovered by William Lassel in eighteen fifty one. This one

396
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Speaker 1: is named after an evil spirit in Alexander Pope's poem

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Speaker 1: Rape of the Lock significance here it has a mysterious

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Speaker 1: ring on its surface, revealed by Voyager two, which might

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Speaker 1: be due to frost deposits from an impact crater. It's

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Speaker 1: ancient and dark, as the shadowy name suggests. Just a

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Speaker 1: couple of quick quotes here from the poem by Pope. First,

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Speaker 1: Umbriel a dusky, melancholy sprite as ever sullied the fair

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Speaker 1: face of light, and then later on there's another nice

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Speaker 1: little snippet here. But Umbriel hateful gnome forbears, not so

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Speaker 1: he breaks the vial, whence the sorrows flow hateful No.

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Speaker 1: I like it.

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Speaker 2: Well, you know the name is fitting because so it

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Speaker 2: mentions he's the enemy of light basically, And that's also

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Speaker 2: true if you look up about Umbriel the moon. Because

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Speaker 2: Umbriel is the darkest of all of Uranus's major moons,

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Speaker 2: it reflects very little light. You mentioned that bright ring

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Speaker 2: a minute ago, the kind of mysterious bright ring in

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Speaker 2: a crater. I added a photo of this for you

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Speaker 2: to look at here, Rob. I think it's interesting. So

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Speaker 2: the contrast with the glowing white ring is quite profound.

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Speaker 2: That I guess that seems especially true because Umbriel is

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Speaker 2: the darkest of the major moons. And unfortunately, the images

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Speaker 2: we have from Voyager two do not capture the ring

419
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Speaker 2: looking down, so you're not looking at it head on. Instead,

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Speaker 2: we see we can just barely tell it's a ring,

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Speaker 2: but we can see it at sort of the edge

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Speaker 2: of the hemisphere that Voyager two was able to photograph,

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Speaker 2: so it's right there on the cusp of the planet

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Speaker 2: like a little halo. The moon as a whole is

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Speaker 2: about twelve hundred kilometers in diameter, and the white ring

426
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Speaker 2: here is about one hundred and forty kilometers itself, so

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Speaker 2: more than ten percent of the width of the Moon,

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Speaker 2: and scientists are not sure what caused the ring to appear.

429
00:25:09,880 --> 00:25:12,920
Speaker 2: But Rob you mentioned the frost deposits in the last

430
00:25:12,960 --> 00:25:15,159
Speaker 2: part of the series, I referenced an article by the

431
00:25:15,200 --> 00:25:19,399
Speaker 2: planetary scientist Amy Simon, and she explains a little further

432
00:25:19,440 --> 00:25:21,760
Speaker 2: in that article that it might be like a layer

433
00:25:21,800 --> 00:25:25,199
Speaker 2: of ice on a crater floor that is lying exposed

434
00:25:25,200 --> 00:25:29,040
Speaker 2: to the sunlight. For some reason, something knocked what might

435
00:25:29,080 --> 00:25:31,840
Speaker 2: have otherwise been covering it off, so it's exposed and

436
00:25:32,160 --> 00:25:35,119
Speaker 2: reflecting much more light than the surface around it. But

437
00:25:36,320 --> 00:25:38,959
Speaker 2: this tickled something in my memory, and I realized it

438
00:25:39,040 --> 00:25:42,840
Speaker 2: was reminding me of when we discussed the bright white

439
00:25:42,880 --> 00:25:45,760
Speaker 2: spot in the center of a crater on another object

440
00:25:45,760 --> 00:25:49,359
Speaker 2: in the Solar System, on the dwarf planet Series. So

441
00:25:49,880 --> 00:25:53,119
Speaker 2: Series is not a planet on its own, it is

442
00:25:53,160 --> 00:25:57,600
Speaker 2: the largest object in the asteroid belt, the biggest asteroid

443
00:25:57,760 --> 00:26:02,520
Speaker 2: known as a dwarf planet. On the surface of Series,

444
00:26:02,520 --> 00:26:06,520
Speaker 2: there are actually a number of different bright spots known

445
00:26:06,560 --> 00:26:10,960
Speaker 2: as faculi, and there's one I've got for you here

446
00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:12,760
Speaker 2: to look at, Rob. So it's in the middle of

447
00:26:12,840 --> 00:26:18,119
Speaker 2: a crater. The crater is called the Okater crater, and

448
00:26:18,200 --> 00:26:20,159
Speaker 2: the bright spot, this is the most famous of the

449
00:26:20,160 --> 00:26:23,960
Speaker 2: bright spots, is known as the Cerealia facula. So it's

450
00:26:24,040 --> 00:26:26,560
Speaker 2: right there in the middle of the crater almost like

451
00:26:26,600 --> 00:26:28,800
Speaker 2: a I don't know what to call it. It's just like,

452
00:26:28,880 --> 00:26:30,639
Speaker 2: you know, it's like a bull's eye. It's a bright

453
00:26:30,720 --> 00:26:33,640
Speaker 2: dot in the middle of this depression in the surface

454
00:26:33,680 --> 00:26:38,159
Speaker 2: of Ceres. And these bright spots are thought to be

455
00:26:38,200 --> 00:26:40,679
Speaker 2: caused in this case on series by the presence of

456
00:26:40,840 --> 00:26:45,479
Speaker 2: ice or salts rising to the surface from below. So

457
00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:48,080
Speaker 2: there might be there's like sort of a mantle or

458
00:26:48,119 --> 00:26:52,760
Speaker 2: a subsurface layer of briny solution kind of water with

459
00:26:52,920 --> 00:26:56,560
Speaker 2: salts in it, and maybe some kind of impact caused

460
00:26:56,600 --> 00:27:00,359
Speaker 2: that that stuff to well up. So the water the

461
00:27:00,400 --> 00:27:03,959
Speaker 2: salts came up, and then the ice that's there or

462
00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:06,399
Speaker 2: the salts that are left once the water is gone,

463
00:27:07,200 --> 00:27:10,719
Speaker 2: leave this area of higher reflectivity than the surrounding surface.

464
00:27:10,760 --> 00:27:13,000
Speaker 2: So it forms this little, you know, bull's eye in

465
00:27:13,040 --> 00:27:13,840
Speaker 2: the middle of the crater.

466
00:27:14,440 --> 00:27:18,479
Speaker 1: Interesting. Yeah, Now, now as for just the ring on Umbriel,

467
00:27:18,480 --> 00:27:20,800
Speaker 1: it's also it also makes me think of like an

468
00:27:20,800 --> 00:27:23,320
Speaker 1: intentional bald spot at the top of the head, like

469
00:27:23,000 --> 00:27:25,119
Speaker 1: a monk's tonsure, you know.

470
00:27:25,320 --> 00:27:27,920
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, yeah, I can see that it's just sitting

471
00:27:28,000 --> 00:27:28,560
Speaker 2: right up there.

472
00:27:28,680 --> 00:27:30,359
Speaker 1: Yeah yeah.

473
00:27:30,560 --> 00:27:34,600
Speaker 2: But we spoke earlier of the fairy royalty, Titanya and Oberon.

474
00:27:34,680 --> 00:27:37,840
Speaker 2: Should we set them a bickering Yeah yeah.

475
00:27:37,920 --> 00:27:40,199
Speaker 1: Next up is Titania, the queen of the fairies in

476
00:27:40,200 --> 00:27:43,240
Speaker 1: A Midsummer Night's Dream is the namesake discovered by William

477
00:27:43,240 --> 00:27:46,520
Speaker 1: Herschel this moon in seventeen eighty seven. It's the largest

478
00:27:46,520 --> 00:27:49,000
Speaker 1: moon of Uranus, with a diameter of roughly one thousand

479
00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:53,840
Speaker 1: miles or sixteen one hundred kilometers. Voyager two images revealed

480
00:27:53,920 --> 00:27:58,400
Speaker 1: that it was at some point geologically active reflective material,

481
00:27:58,520 --> 00:28:02,840
Speaker 1: possibly frost and here sun facing valley walls. And then

482
00:28:02,880 --> 00:28:05,520
Speaker 1: we have Oberon. Oberon is named for the king of

483
00:28:05,520 --> 00:28:08,760
Speaker 1: the Fairies and midsummer Night's Dream, also discovered by William

484
00:28:08,800 --> 00:28:11,960
Speaker 1: Herschel in seventeen eighty seven. It's the second largest moon

485
00:28:11,960 --> 00:28:15,080
Speaker 1: of Uranus. It's heavily cratered and has at least one

486
00:28:15,160 --> 00:28:19,600
Speaker 1: large mountain. This large mountain towers I believest six kilometers

487
00:28:19,880 --> 00:28:22,639
Speaker 1: and is unnamed but is sometimes called the Limb Mountain.

488
00:28:23,359 --> 00:28:27,080
Speaker 1: The outmost of the major moons is Oberon. Many of

489
00:28:27,080 --> 00:28:30,840
Speaker 1: its craters have an unidentified dark material in them.

490
00:28:31,200 --> 00:28:33,560
Speaker 2: That was something else mentioned in that Amy Simon article

491
00:28:33,600 --> 00:28:36,600
Speaker 2: that a lot of the moons of Uranus have substances

492
00:28:36,640 --> 00:28:39,480
Speaker 2: on their surface which cause darkening, and it's not known

493
00:28:39,520 --> 00:28:40,560
Speaker 2: exactly what that is.

494
00:28:41,240 --> 00:28:45,280
Speaker 1: Yeah. Now, another interesting note about some of these moons

495
00:28:45,280 --> 00:28:48,800
Speaker 1: we just discussed here is the potential the possible potential

496
00:28:48,840 --> 00:28:52,320
Speaker 1: for life on the major moons of Uranus. Life on

497
00:28:52,480 --> 00:28:56,400
Speaker 1: Uranus itself seems extremely unlikely based on everything I've been

498
00:28:56,440 --> 00:28:59,560
Speaker 1: looking at life as we know it anyway, Chris is

499
00:28:59,600 --> 00:29:03,920
Speaker 1: always the caveat. For instance, just one case of this,

500
00:29:04,000 --> 00:29:07,640
Speaker 1: the long standing risk of contaminating Urinus or Neptune with

501
00:29:07,760 --> 00:29:12,520
Speaker 1: terrestrial microbes seems to be essentially nil. Based on scientific

502
00:29:12,560 --> 00:29:17,400
Speaker 1: opinions NASA and so forth. It is, by most estimates,

503
00:29:17,480 --> 00:29:20,240
Speaker 1: likely a dead world. Now. I did run across the

504
00:29:20,320 --> 00:29:26,680
Speaker 1: nineteen eighty eight paper by G. Bochkarov in Bioastronomy titled

505
00:29:27,160 --> 00:29:31,160
Speaker 1: in the Biostronomy Next Steps Bad There it's titled is

506
00:29:31,400 --> 00:29:35,120
Speaker 1: Urinus the most promising planet for SETI? This paper seems

507
00:29:35,160 --> 00:29:37,800
Speaker 1: to mostly focus on the presence of water drops and

508
00:29:37,880 --> 00:29:41,360
Speaker 1: electrical discharges in the planet's atmosphere as a possible precursor

509
00:29:41,400 --> 00:29:45,720
Speaker 1: to life. Still, most sources seem to say, now Urinus

510
00:29:45,760 --> 00:29:47,400
Speaker 1: is a no go for life as we know it.

511
00:29:47,840 --> 00:29:50,400
Speaker 1: There are other places that we can look to in

512
00:29:50,440 --> 00:29:53,160
Speaker 1: our Solar system that are far better candidates for exploration.

513
00:29:54,040 --> 00:29:55,960
Speaker 1: But any right, the idea of it being a dead world.

514
00:29:55,960 --> 00:29:57,920
Speaker 1: We can't say the same for the moons. We can't

515
00:29:57,920 --> 00:29:59,880
Speaker 1: say the same for all of the Uranian moons.

516
00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:02,640
Speaker 2: I like how the title of the paper though, is

517
00:30:02,720 --> 00:30:06,040
Speaker 2: not just like is it worth looking at Urinus for

518
00:30:06,040 --> 00:30:09,200
Speaker 2: for SETI, it's saying is it the most promising planet?

519
00:30:09,800 --> 00:30:11,880
Speaker 2: That seems like the answer is no, No, it's not.

520
00:30:13,400 --> 00:30:15,280
Speaker 1: It's it's interesting. You know, we often have to think

521
00:30:15,320 --> 00:30:19,520
Speaker 1: back to, you know, to like the reality of putting

522
00:30:19,560 --> 00:30:23,000
Speaker 1: missions together for these various various moons and planets. It's

523
00:30:23,040 --> 00:30:25,120
Speaker 1: like you've got to really build up the hype, you know,

524
00:30:25,160 --> 00:30:27,880
Speaker 1: You've got to you got to make the case why

525
00:30:28,040 --> 00:30:31,920
Speaker 1: is this worth all of this money, this time, this investment. Uh,

526
00:30:32,040 --> 00:30:33,680
Speaker 1: And you know there's a strong case to be made

527
00:30:33,680 --> 00:30:37,840
Speaker 1: for for any destination in our solar system to you know,

528
00:30:37,840 --> 00:30:41,240
Speaker 1: to broaden our understanding of of you know, the world

529
00:30:41,360 --> 00:30:44,160
Speaker 1: surrounding our star. But you know, you got to make

530
00:30:44,200 --> 00:30:45,880
Speaker 1: that case. You got to believe, and maybe maybe you

531
00:30:45,880 --> 00:30:47,360
Speaker 1: got to you got to push a little hard.

532
00:30:47,560 --> 00:30:49,520
Speaker 2: Well. Yeah, And even if you're looking at places that

533
00:30:49,560 --> 00:30:52,200
Speaker 2: are not themselves, at least as far as we can

534
00:30:52,200 --> 00:30:55,640
Speaker 2: tell very good candidates for discovering life, they can still

535
00:30:55,800 --> 00:30:58,760
Speaker 2: usually teach you a lot about the dynamics and life

536
00:30:58,800 --> 00:31:01,520
Speaker 2: history of planets in general, which is something that we

537
00:31:01,560 --> 00:31:03,800
Speaker 2: do need to always understand better if we want to

538
00:31:03,840 --> 00:31:05,480
Speaker 2: know where best to look for life.

539
00:31:05,960 --> 00:31:08,760
Speaker 1: Yeah. Yeah, So the most recent paper that I was

540
00:31:08,840 --> 00:31:13,440
Speaker 1: running across about Uranian moons in life. This comes from

541
00:31:13,520 --> 00:31:16,160
Speaker 1: a December twenty twenty two paper in the Journal of

542
00:31:16,200 --> 00:31:22,200
Speaker 1: Geophysical Research by Castillo Roguez at All. They point out

543
00:31:22,200 --> 00:31:27,160
Speaker 1: that Titania, Oberon, Aerial, and Umbril may have salty oceans

544
00:31:27,160 --> 00:31:30,880
Speaker 1: beneath their frozen surfaces, opening up the possibility for life

545
00:31:30,920 --> 00:31:33,960
Speaker 1: as we know it. They base their findings on three factors.

546
00:31:34,680 --> 00:31:42,480
Speaker 1: First fall observational constraints about each moon's internal and geological evolution. Secondly,

547
00:31:42,640 --> 00:31:46,800
Speaker 1: the current level of tidal heating, and third thermal models,

548
00:31:47,480 --> 00:31:50,240
Speaker 1: They write, quote, we predict that if the Moon's preserved

549
00:31:50,280 --> 00:31:53,000
Speaker 1: liquid until present, it is likely in the form of

550
00:31:53,080 --> 00:31:56,960
Speaker 1: residual oceans less than thirty kilometers thick on aerial Umbril

551
00:31:57,040 --> 00:32:01,600
Speaker 1: and less than fifty kilometers in Titan and Oberon. Now,

552
00:32:01,640 --> 00:32:04,560
Speaker 1: they stress that liquid preservation depends on a number of factors,

553
00:32:05,040 --> 00:32:08,200
Speaker 1: and ultimately we just can't know for certain until we

554
00:32:08,240 --> 00:32:11,760
Speaker 1: look closer. Miranda, however, they say, is unlikely to boast

555
00:32:11,800 --> 00:32:15,320
Speaker 1: any water unless there was some manner of tidal heating

556
00:32:15,360 --> 00:32:18,400
Speaker 1: there quote a few tens of millions of years ago.

557
00:32:18,480 --> 00:32:22,520
Speaker 1: They also point out that thermal metamorphism could create a

558
00:32:22,680 --> 00:32:28,080
Speaker 1: late second generation ocean in Titania and Oberon. In either case,

559
00:32:28,120 --> 00:32:31,120
Speaker 1: it's also possible that liquid on these moons, if present,

560
00:32:31,480 --> 00:32:33,600
Speaker 1: is preserved by anti freeze in the form of something

561
00:32:33,640 --> 00:32:37,920
Speaker 1: like ammonia and chlorides. The downside to this possibility, they stress,

562
00:32:38,400 --> 00:32:42,160
Speaker 1: is that the electrical conductiveness may be close to zero

563
00:32:42,440 --> 00:32:44,959
Speaker 1: in such waters if they're there, making it impossible for

564
00:32:45,000 --> 00:32:50,280
Speaker 1: future probes to detect them via magnetic field generation. Also,

565
00:32:50,320 --> 00:32:53,360
Speaker 1: we'd be talking about temperatures close to the lower limit

566
00:32:53,480 --> 00:32:58,880
Speaker 1: for metabolic activity and terrestrial microbe reproduction based on life

567
00:32:58,880 --> 00:33:01,840
Speaker 1: as we know it. So the author's stress that it

568
00:33:01,920 --> 00:33:06,080
Speaker 1: might not really be a high priority liquid environment for astrobiologist.

569
00:33:06,480 --> 00:33:10,320
Speaker 1: It's no Enceladus that seems to remain, you know, the

570
00:33:10,320 --> 00:33:14,560
Speaker 1: most interesting lunar ocean for astrobiologists. You know, but we

571
00:33:14,640 --> 00:33:19,480
Speaker 1: can't rule out life on the uranium moons. More more research,

572
00:33:19,640 --> 00:33:21,720
Speaker 1: more inquiry is required.

573
00:33:22,280 --> 00:33:25,640
Speaker 2: Oh is Enceladus now considered a better candidate than Europa?

574
00:33:25,800 --> 00:33:28,760
Speaker 2: I would have assumed Europa was still on top. I

575
00:33:28,760 --> 00:33:29,720
Speaker 2: guess I don't really know.

576
00:33:29,960 --> 00:33:31,520
Speaker 1: Well, I don't want to get into the beef between

577
00:33:31,600 --> 00:33:35,560
Speaker 1: Enceladus and Europa, but either of these, it's my understanding,

578
00:33:35,600 --> 00:33:38,080
Speaker 1: would would ultimately be better placed if you had to

579
00:33:38,080 --> 00:33:40,640
Speaker 1: place hard bets on it, which essentially you are if

580
00:33:40,640 --> 00:33:44,200
Speaker 1: you're deciding to to you know, potentially launch any kind

581
00:33:44,240 --> 00:33:47,560
Speaker 1: of like a mission, flyby probe, et cetera. So yeah,

582
00:33:47,560 --> 00:33:49,920
Speaker 1: that seemed to be the basic take home from the

583
00:33:49,920 --> 00:33:52,320
Speaker 1: paper is that, like, there's a possibility it's not, but

584
00:33:52,360 --> 00:33:55,320
Speaker 1: it's not. Maybe the they're not the best odds of

585
00:33:55,360 --> 00:33:57,440
Speaker 1: the moons in our solar system.

586
00:33:57,440 --> 00:33:59,360
Speaker 2: Maybe not, But wouldn't that be a good surprise You

587
00:33:59,400 --> 00:34:03,479
Speaker 2: look at all of the higher tier candidates, Europa, Enceladus, whatever,

588
00:34:03,520 --> 00:34:06,440
Speaker 2: and nothing's there but way out in the ice giants.

589
00:34:06,520 --> 00:34:09,080
Speaker 2: Those moons are cranking with life.

590
00:34:09,680 --> 00:34:27,799
Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean, it's always in the last place you look, right.

591
00:34:21,600 --> 00:34:24,840
Speaker 2: All right, Miranda, Umbriel, Titanya, and Oberon. Those are the

592
00:34:24,840 --> 00:34:28,200
Speaker 2: four major moons. But that doesn't exhaust the list, right,

593
00:34:28,239 --> 00:34:31,239
Speaker 2: We've got a bunch of so called irregular moons and

594
00:34:31,280 --> 00:34:32,160
Speaker 2: other stuff going on.

595
00:34:33,000 --> 00:34:35,920
Speaker 1: Yeah. Yeah, we're gonna venture into the outskirts here, Like

596
00:34:35,960 --> 00:34:41,719
Speaker 1: we're leaving Las Vegas proper and we're down into the

597
00:34:41,000 --> 00:34:44,160
Speaker 1: into the area surround in Vegas. We're getting into the

598
00:34:44,200 --> 00:34:47,880
Speaker 1: irregular moons of Uranus. According to NASA, the composition of

599
00:34:47,920 --> 00:34:51,880
Speaker 1: the moons outside the orbit of Oberon remains largely unknown,

600
00:34:51,920 --> 00:34:55,719
Speaker 1: but they are likely captured asteroids. These are all positioned

601
00:34:56,040 --> 00:34:59,240
Speaker 1: far beyond the orbit of Oberon, and there are nine

602
00:34:59,480 --> 00:35:02,680
Speaker 1: known irregular moons of Uranus. All Right, we're going to

603
00:35:02,760 --> 00:35:06,040
Speaker 1: start with Francisco. This is named after a shipwrecked nobleman

604
00:35:06,080 --> 00:35:09,319
Speaker 1: in the tempest, discovered in two thousand and one by

605
00:35:09,600 --> 00:35:14,600
Speaker 1: Cavalleras at All at Chile Sero Tololo Inter American Observatory.

606
00:35:15,080 --> 00:35:17,480
Speaker 1: It has a retrograde orbit. It is the innermost of

607
00:35:17,520 --> 00:35:19,839
Speaker 1: the irregular moons, but it orbits at about four point

608
00:35:19,840 --> 00:35:22,240
Speaker 1: three million kilometers from the planet itself.

609
00:35:22,480 --> 00:35:25,040
Speaker 2: I do not recall what the character Francisco and the

610
00:35:25,080 --> 00:35:27,840
Speaker 2: Tempest does, but you know who I do recall is Caliban.

611
00:35:28,360 --> 00:35:32,440
Speaker 1: Yeah, the sort of a monstrous character from The Tempest,

612
00:35:32,880 --> 00:35:36,359
Speaker 1: who was also the inspiration for the character Calibos in

613
00:35:36,560 --> 00:35:38,840
Speaker 1: the movie Clash of the Titans, which we discussed on

614
00:35:38,880 --> 00:35:39,920
Speaker 1: Weird House Cinema.

615
00:35:40,120 --> 00:35:42,279
Speaker 2: A little bit of crossing of the streams there. I

616
00:35:42,320 --> 00:35:44,839
Speaker 2: got your Shakespeare in my Greek mythology.

617
00:35:45,280 --> 00:35:50,560
Speaker 1: Yeah. So this one was discovered by Gladman at All

618
00:35:50,560 --> 00:35:54,040
Speaker 1: in nineteen ninety seven at the Palomar Observatory in California.

619
00:35:55,480 --> 00:35:58,000
Speaker 1: Significance here. It has a retrogade orbit that is also

620
00:35:58,320 --> 00:36:02,680
Speaker 1: inclined and eccentric, thought to be the second largest irregular moon.

621
00:36:02,680 --> 00:36:06,520
Speaker 1: It is also far out and likely an independent body

622
00:36:06,560 --> 00:36:09,279
Speaker 1: captured by the planet's gravity. All right, up next we

623
00:36:09,320 --> 00:36:12,920
Speaker 1: have Steffano. This is named after King Alonzo's butler in

624
00:36:13,000 --> 00:36:15,680
Speaker 1: The Tempest. It's been a while since I've actually seen

625
00:36:15,719 --> 00:36:18,920
Speaker 1: The Tempest or certainly read it, so I don't remember

626
00:36:18,920 --> 00:36:21,200
Speaker 1: the significance of King Alonzo's butler.

627
00:36:21,480 --> 00:36:23,360
Speaker 2: I also have no memory of what's going on with

628
00:36:23,360 --> 00:36:23,840
Speaker 2: the butler.

629
00:36:24,440 --> 00:36:26,200
Speaker 1: Yeah, but at any rate, he gets the moon named

630
00:36:26,200 --> 00:36:29,200
Speaker 1: after him. Discovered in nineteen ninety nine by Gladman at

631
00:36:29,200 --> 00:36:32,920
Speaker 1: All at the Canada France Hawaii Telescope at the Monachia

632
00:36:33,000 --> 00:36:37,040
Speaker 1: Observatory on the island of Hawaii. They discovered Steffano, Prospero,

633
00:36:37,160 --> 00:36:41,480
Speaker 1: and Setebas at the same time. Significance here basically just

634
00:36:41,560 --> 00:36:45,000
Speaker 1: retrograde orbit similar in composition to Caliban, is likely.

635
00:36:45,040 --> 00:36:45,480
Speaker 2: All right.

636
00:36:46,480 --> 00:36:51,120
Speaker 1: Next we have Trinculo, named after the jester from The Tempest.

637
00:36:51,719 --> 00:36:52,160
Speaker 2: Mm hmm.

638
00:36:52,680 --> 00:36:55,319
Speaker 1: Yeah. This one discovered by Holman at All in two

639
00:36:55,320 --> 00:36:59,840
Speaker 1: thousand and one at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Canada

640
00:37:00,280 --> 00:37:05,440
Speaker 1: using the Sero Tolo Interamerican Observatory in Chile. This one

641
00:37:05,440 --> 00:37:08,080
Speaker 1: has a retrograde orbit, all right. All right. The next

642
00:37:08,120 --> 00:37:12,200
Speaker 1: one is Psychoax. This is named after the which mother

643
00:37:12,280 --> 00:37:15,040
Speaker 1: of Caliban in The Tempest. This is an off screen

644
00:37:15,160 --> 00:37:17,799
Speaker 1: character though, that dies before the play, so it's just

645
00:37:17,840 --> 00:37:20,799
Speaker 1: like a name drop. Discovered by Gladman at All in

646
00:37:20,880 --> 00:37:24,360
Speaker 1: nineteen ninety seven at the Palamar Observatory in California. Discovered

647
00:37:24,400 --> 00:37:27,799
Speaker 1: at the same time as Caliban, thus the naming. The

648
00:37:27,840 --> 00:37:30,440
Speaker 1: main significance here. It's the largest of the irregular moons

649
00:37:30,600 --> 00:37:33,120
Speaker 1: and it also has a retrograde orbit. Now it's hard

650
00:37:33,120 --> 00:37:35,120
Speaker 1: to beat that name. That's a cool name. So the

651
00:37:35,160 --> 00:37:37,080
Speaker 1: next one doesn't even try. The next one is Margaret.

652
00:37:37,600 --> 00:37:40,160
Speaker 1: This is named after a character from Much Ado About Nothing,

653
00:37:40,560 --> 00:37:43,920
Speaker 1: discovered by Scott S. Shepherd and David C. Jullet In

654
00:37:44,400 --> 00:37:49,200
Speaker 1: with the Subaru eight point two millimeter reflector at the

655
00:37:49,360 --> 00:37:53,000
Speaker 1: Monarchy Observatory in two thousand and three. The significance here

656
00:37:53,040 --> 00:37:54,560
Speaker 1: we have a pro grade orbit for once.

657
00:37:54,920 --> 00:37:57,319
Speaker 2: Oh is this the first one of the irregulars?

658
00:37:57,600 --> 00:38:01,520
Speaker 1: Yeah? Yeah, they're all retrograde thus far. Okay, now the

659
00:38:01,600 --> 00:38:04,640
Speaker 1: next one, this one has as a pretty We've mentioned

660
00:38:04,680 --> 00:38:08,960
Speaker 1: him already. But finally we have a moon named after Prospero,

661
00:38:09,080 --> 00:38:10,640
Speaker 1: the sorcerer from the Tempest.

662
00:38:11,440 --> 00:38:13,680
Speaker 2: I know this isn't true, but I'm going to tell

663
00:38:13,719 --> 00:38:18,040
Speaker 2: myself that it's actually named after Prospero, the Vincent Price

664
00:38:18,200 --> 00:38:20,040
Speaker 2: character in the Mask of the Red Death.

665
00:38:21,239 --> 00:38:25,719
Speaker 1: Now here's an interesting little side bet. You know we

666
00:38:25,800 --> 00:38:28,319
Speaker 1: discussed or this. I believe this was Christian and I

667
00:38:28,360 --> 00:38:32,239
Speaker 1: that did much older episode about the Elizabethan poly math

668
00:38:32,280 --> 00:38:36,480
Speaker 1: and a culpist, John d There's this theory that the

669
00:38:36,600 --> 00:38:40,360
Speaker 1: historic individual of John d may have been partial inspiration

670
00:38:40,840 --> 00:38:44,759
Speaker 1: for Shakespeare's Prospero, and he also seems to have influenced

671
00:38:44,960 --> 00:38:48,160
Speaker 1: John Dee that seems to have influenced our ideas concerning

672
00:38:48,239 --> 00:38:52,080
Speaker 1: Merlin as well, and ultimately, like the Fantasy Wizard character

673
00:38:52,120 --> 00:38:53,319
Speaker 1: as a whole, that.

674
00:38:53,320 --> 00:38:56,520
Speaker 2: Seems true to me, though it doesn't exactly match, because

675
00:38:56,560 --> 00:38:59,640
Speaker 2: the Fantasy Wizard character does not get obsessed with trying

676
00:38:59,680 --> 00:39:00,920
Speaker 2: to talk to angels.

677
00:39:01,520 --> 00:39:04,920
Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, yeah. D's a full story, has a lot

678
00:39:04,920 --> 00:39:08,319
Speaker 1: of strange turns in it, and you know, he gets

679
00:39:08,360 --> 00:39:12,600
Speaker 1: caught up in some in a few messes. Interestingly, his

680
00:39:12,719 --> 00:39:17,480
Speaker 1: occult interests include the angel Uriel, the supposed to be

681
00:39:17,520 --> 00:39:20,040
Speaker 1: the angel of Wisdom, who's said in some cases to

682
00:39:20,040 --> 00:39:23,920
Speaker 1: have worn Noah of the flood and revealed astrological secrets

683
00:39:24,200 --> 00:39:28,359
Speaker 1: of the stars and planets to Enoch. Uriel is synonymous

684
00:39:28,360 --> 00:39:31,919
Speaker 1: with Ariel, which we already discussed as a major Uranian moon.

685
00:39:32,280 --> 00:39:36,960
Speaker 1: Interesting now, Prospero the Uranian moon setting all that aside,

686
00:39:37,239 --> 00:39:40,560
Speaker 1: is just discovered by Gladman at All in nineteen ninety

687
00:39:40,640 --> 00:39:44,000
Speaker 1: nine at the Canada France Hawaii Telescope at Monarchy Observatory

688
00:39:44,000 --> 00:39:46,040
Speaker 1: on the island of Hawaii. They and again they also

689
00:39:46,040 --> 00:39:49,799
Speaker 1: discovered Stefano, Prospero, and Setebos at the same time. It

690
00:39:49,840 --> 00:39:53,360
Speaker 1: has a retrograde orbit. Orbital details suggests it shares common

691
00:39:53,400 --> 00:39:59,080
Speaker 1: origin with Serrax and Setibas, but its gray colorations suggest otherwise.

692
00:39:59,160 --> 00:40:01,600
Speaker 1: So it's from what I was looking at it sounds

693
00:40:01,640 --> 00:40:04,200
Speaker 1: like there's still some you know, some unknowns about it

694
00:40:04,440 --> 00:40:07,880
Speaker 1: for sure. Now I personally found it kind of amusing,

695
00:40:08,000 --> 00:40:10,520
Speaker 1: you know, looking back again at the Shakespeare, it's amusing

696
00:40:10,520 --> 00:40:14,239
Speaker 1: to see that Prospero in the Tempest mentions moons and

697
00:40:14,280 --> 00:40:17,399
Speaker 1: the god Neptune, but of course not Uranus. Obviously not

698
00:40:17,680 --> 00:40:20,920
Speaker 1: the planet, but also not the god. But there is

699
00:40:20,960 --> 00:40:23,200
Speaker 1: this wonderful little bit here that I wanted to read.

700
00:40:23,520 --> 00:40:28,520
Speaker 1: Prospero says, ye elves of hills brooks, standing lakes and groves,

701
00:40:28,960 --> 00:40:32,160
Speaker 1: and ye that on the sands with printless foot, do

702
00:40:32,360 --> 00:40:35,840
Speaker 1: chase the ebbing Neptune, and do fly him when he

703
00:40:35,920 --> 00:40:39,640
Speaker 1: comes back, You dimmy puppets that by moonshine, do the

704
00:40:39,680 --> 00:40:43,160
Speaker 1: green sour ringlets make where all the U not bites,

705
00:40:43,680 --> 00:40:47,480
Speaker 1: and you whose pastime is to make midnight mushrooms, that

706
00:40:47,600 --> 00:40:52,160
Speaker 1: rejoice to hear the solemn curfew by whose aid weak masters?

707
00:40:52,200 --> 00:40:55,080
Speaker 1: Though ye be I have bedimmed.

708
00:40:55,280 --> 00:40:59,160
Speaker 2: Speak for yourself. I don't make midnight mushrooms. You know.

709
00:40:59,200 --> 00:41:01,280
Speaker 2: I'm struck how And if you look at a passage

710
00:41:01,280 --> 00:41:04,880
Speaker 2: from Shakespeare that is a reference to a I don't know,

711
00:41:05,400 --> 00:41:10,640
Speaker 2: a fairy or magical creature, or someone doing sorcery, the

712
00:41:10,760 --> 00:41:15,040
Speaker 2: language employed could easily pass for lyrics to Space Rock

713
00:41:15,160 --> 00:41:16,480
Speaker 2: of later centuries.

714
00:41:17,080 --> 00:41:20,160
Speaker 1: Yeah, all right, the next one is Seti Boss. We've

715
00:41:20,160 --> 00:41:25,040
Speaker 1: alluded to already. The Shakespearean connection is that Cigaax and

716
00:41:25,200 --> 00:41:29,440
Speaker 1: Caliban are said to worship Seti Boss in the tempest.

717
00:41:29,719 --> 00:41:33,279
Speaker 1: But the name was prior to this, it seems, the

718
00:41:33,360 --> 00:41:37,400
Speaker 1: name of an actual Patagonian god. I was reading up

719
00:41:37,400 --> 00:41:40,560
Speaker 1: on this a little bit. Shakespeare apparently took the name

720
00:41:40,800 --> 00:41:44,840
Speaker 1: from Richard Eden's sixteenth century accounts of Magellan's experiences with

721
00:41:44,880 --> 00:41:48,640
Speaker 1: Patagonian natives, which, of course, we always have to take

722
00:41:48,640 --> 00:41:52,279
Speaker 1: an enormous grain of salt in such accounts, you know,

723
00:41:52,320 --> 00:41:58,239
Speaker 1: concerning some of the finer details of people's beliefs and practices.

724
00:41:59,280 --> 00:42:01,560
Speaker 1: But This is acording to a work I was looking

725
00:42:01,600 --> 00:42:05,320
Speaker 1: at by Charles Frey titled The Tempest in the New World,

726
00:42:05,440 --> 00:42:08,920
Speaker 1: getting into these various connections between Shakespeare's The Tempest and

727
00:42:09,440 --> 00:42:13,520
Speaker 1: information that was coming out of exploration of the New

728
00:42:13,560 --> 00:42:17,360
Speaker 1: World of the Americas. In Eden's work, he writes of

729
00:42:17,440 --> 00:42:21,080
Speaker 1: natives who quote cried upon the great devil Setiboss to

730
00:42:21,200 --> 00:42:24,799
Speaker 1: help them again you know the grain of salt, to

731
00:42:24,880 --> 00:42:27,919
Speaker 1: say the least concerning some of these accounts of other

732
00:42:28,080 --> 00:42:32,239
Speaker 1: peoples and cultures and their their practices. Also, poet Robert

733
00:42:32,320 --> 00:42:35,360
Speaker 1: Browning would later write a poem inspired by The Tempest,

734
00:42:35,719 --> 00:42:42,279
Speaker 1: Caliban upon Setibas. Also of note, the giant antarctic octopus

735
00:42:42,320 --> 00:42:46,960
Speaker 1: is classified as Megaladone Setibas, which I thought was interesting.

736
00:42:47,600 --> 00:42:50,600
Speaker 1: But anyway, Setibas the moon discovered by Gladman at All

737
00:42:50,640 --> 00:42:53,120
Speaker 1: in nineteen ninety nine. Again this was the Canada, France

738
00:42:53,120 --> 00:42:56,719
Speaker 1: Hawaii telescope, and again they discovered the Stefano, Prospero and

739
00:42:56,800 --> 00:43:00,279
Speaker 1: Setibas at the same time, retrograde orbit one of the

740
00:43:00,280 --> 00:43:04,520
Speaker 1: farthest moons more than eleven million miles or seventeen million

741
00:43:04,600 --> 00:43:05,680
Speaker 1: kilometers out.

742
00:43:05,920 --> 00:43:08,360
Speaker 2: Well, I guess that about does it for our trip

743
00:43:08,400 --> 00:43:10,760
Speaker 2: to Uranus and exploration of the moons.

744
00:43:11,320 --> 00:43:15,200
Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, it's been fun. Most of these I really

745
00:43:15,239 --> 00:43:17,800
Speaker 1: wasn't that familiar with. And again, this is unlike the

746
00:43:17,880 --> 00:43:20,520
Speaker 1: Jupiter and Saturn. We actually could take time to just

747
00:43:20,560 --> 00:43:22,360
Speaker 1: go through them blow by blow, even if there's not

748
00:43:22,440 --> 00:43:24,839
Speaker 1: much to know about them currently, you know, given our

749
00:43:24,880 --> 00:43:28,600
Speaker 1: current knowledge of the Uranian satellite system. But still pretty

750
00:43:28,640 --> 00:43:33,440
Speaker 1: fun to explore. I also enjoyed looking into some of

751
00:43:33,440 --> 00:43:36,960
Speaker 1: the namesakes, because yeah, there's some Shakespeare plays. I'm more

752
00:43:37,040 --> 00:43:39,480
Speaker 1: up on some of these, even like Midsummer Night's Stream.

753
00:43:39,920 --> 00:43:42,719
Speaker 1: I feel like I like intentionally didn't learn much about

754
00:43:42,760 --> 00:43:45,120
Speaker 1: it in school, like I thought I was. I thought

755
00:43:45,120 --> 00:43:47,200
Speaker 1: I was too cool and dark for Midsummer Night's Dream.

756
00:43:47,239 --> 00:43:49,520
Speaker 1: I was like, you know, give me, I gotta have Macbeth.

757
00:43:49,880 --> 00:43:51,880
Speaker 1: I can't down my time for Midsummer Night Stream. So

758
00:43:52,160 --> 00:43:54,920
Speaker 1: you know, I ultimately cheated myself out of out of

759
00:43:54,920 --> 00:43:55,719
Speaker 1: some goodness there.

760
00:43:56,239 --> 00:43:59,520
Speaker 2: Well, I'm still reeling from the way you discouraged Margaret,

761
00:44:00,000 --> 00:44:02,799
Speaker 2: and I won't have you speak that way about the

762
00:44:02,840 --> 00:44:06,040
Speaker 2: irregular moon Margaret. In fact, who are you to say

763
00:44:06,080 --> 00:44:08,719
Speaker 2: Margaret is irregular? I demand satisfaction.

764
00:44:09,440 --> 00:44:11,200
Speaker 1: We'll see about upgrading her, see if we can make

765
00:44:11,239 --> 00:44:14,759
Speaker 1: her a regular moon. Yeah, all right, well we're going

766
00:44:14,800 --> 00:44:16,520
Speaker 1: to go ahead and close this episode out here. Let

767
00:44:16,600 --> 00:44:18,160
Speaker 1: us know what you think. If you have thoughts about

768
00:44:18,760 --> 00:44:24,000
Speaker 1: you know, that's any of the actual planetary lunar stuff

769
00:44:24,000 --> 00:44:26,239
Speaker 1: that we've discussed in these episodes, or if you lean

770
00:44:26,280 --> 00:44:28,120
Speaker 1: the other way and you have stuff you want to

771
00:44:28,120 --> 00:44:31,960
Speaker 1: add about the mythological or literary inspirations for the various

772
00:44:32,040 --> 00:44:35,480
Speaker 1: namings of the Uranian moon, So yeah, write in about that.

773
00:44:35,520 --> 00:44:37,040
Speaker 1: We'd love to hear from you. And if you want

774
00:44:37,080 --> 00:44:39,399
Speaker 1: us to keep going. If you were like, yes, let's

775
00:44:39,400 --> 00:44:42,520
Speaker 1: get to Neptune and talk about the moons of Neptune,

776
00:44:42,600 --> 00:44:44,680
Speaker 1: let's do it sooner rather than later, let us know.

777
00:44:44,920 --> 00:44:47,520
Speaker 1: Or if you are like, I want to go to Neptune,

778
00:44:47,560 --> 00:44:49,719
Speaker 1: but I think you should wait a year or two

779
00:44:49,800 --> 00:44:54,080
Speaker 1: like you've been doing between lunar episodes, then that's fair too.

780
00:44:55,160 --> 00:44:58,319
Speaker 1: Either way. Let us know. Just a reminder that core

781
00:44:58,360 --> 00:45:01,160
Speaker 1: episodes of Stuff to Blow Your Mind publish the Stuff

782
00:45:01,160 --> 00:45:04,040
Speaker 1: to Blow Your Mind podcast feed on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Yeah,

783
00:45:04,040 --> 00:45:06,120
Speaker 1: they are primarily a science podcast, and that's where you'll

784
00:45:06,120 --> 00:45:09,240
Speaker 1: find those core science episodes on Mondays we do listener mail,

785
00:45:09,600 --> 00:45:11,960
Speaker 1: on Wednesdays we do a short form artifact or monster

786
00:45:12,040 --> 00:45:14,400
Speaker 1: fact episode, and on Fridays we set aside most serious

787
00:45:14,400 --> 00:45:16,279
Speaker 1: concerns to just talk about a weird film on Weird

788
00:45:16,280 --> 00:45:17,000
Speaker 1: House Cinema.

789
00:45:17,080 --> 00:45:20,520
Speaker 2: Here's thanks to our audio producer JJ Posway. If you

790
00:45:20,560 --> 00:45:22,480
Speaker 2: would like to get in touch with us with feedback

791
00:45:22,480 --> 00:45:24,880
Speaker 2: on this episode or any other, to suggest a topic

792
00:45:24,920 --> 00:45:27,279
Speaker 2: for the future, or just to say hello, you can

793
00:45:27,320 --> 00:45:38,080
Speaker 2: email us at contact stuff to Blow your Mind dot com.

794
00:45:38,200 --> 00:45:41,120
Speaker 3: Stuff to Blow Your Mind is production of iHeartRadio. For

795
00:45:41,200 --> 00:45:44,000
Speaker 3: more podcasts from my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app,

796
00:45:44,160 --> 00:46:02,080
Speaker 3: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.

797
00:46:02,120 --> 00:46:03,239
Speaker 3: Had not the po