WEBVTT - Ladies' Night on Planet Earth 0:00:03.800 --> 0:00:06.680 Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind from how Stuff 0:00:06.680 --> 0:00:14.120 Works dot com. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. 0:00:14.360 --> 0:00:17.239 I'm Robert Lamb. I'm Julie Douglas. You know, Julie, I 0:00:17.239 --> 0:00:18.840 want to kick off the podcast by just giving a 0:00:18.840 --> 0:00:21.279 shout out to our male all of our male listeners 0:00:21.320 --> 0:00:24.760 out there, because according to some studies that we've been 0:00:24.800 --> 0:00:27.560 reading today, uh, they might not be around forever. In fact, 0:00:27.600 --> 0:00:31.120 the males as we know it may become extinct, what 0:00:31.240 --> 0:00:34.559 like like woolly mammoth extinct, like wooly mammoth extinct. Like 0:00:34.800 --> 0:00:37.720 it'll just be just be ladies out there. Uh And 0:00:37.920 --> 0:00:41.319 and I guess it just I feel kind of I'm 0:00:41.360 --> 0:00:44.279 kind of fearful for any podcast. It's not stuff your 0:00:44.280 --> 0:00:48.159 mom didn't tell you whoa Um, I don't know. I 0:00:48.159 --> 0:00:51.120 mean I think that you're a brave man to introduce 0:00:51.159 --> 0:00:54.320 such a subject. I mean, this is this is gonna listen. 0:00:54.360 --> 0:00:57.840 I think a really emotional response. Well not not really, 0:00:57.960 --> 0:01:01.040 because if you're twoing in and you're expecting me to 0:01:01.160 --> 0:01:03.440 like jump to the defense of males. As we discussed 0:01:03.480 --> 0:01:07.440 the possibility of an all female planet and the extinction 0:01:07.600 --> 0:01:11.640 of of the masculine gender, I'm I'm not gonna defend 0:01:11.680 --> 0:01:14.280 guys too much because I I tend to and there's 0:01:14.280 --> 0:01:17.120 a mistake in this too to rely too heavily on this. 0:01:17.440 --> 0:01:20.320 But I tend to attribute attribute a lot of the 0:01:20.360 --> 0:01:25.360 horrors of the world too to masculine dominance in the 0:01:25.400 --> 0:01:29.360 culture and h and you know, lay a lot of 0:01:29.720 --> 0:01:33.920 the crimes of humanity at the feet of the patriarchy. Wow, 0:01:34.040 --> 0:01:39.760 I christen you, Robert b linhearted lamb uh. So let's 0:01:39.840 --> 0:01:41.680 let's get into that a little bit more. I mean, 0:01:41.800 --> 0:01:44.319 if if the uh, if men aren't going to be around, 0:01:44.360 --> 0:01:50.000 what's going on? What would make them become extinct? To 0:01:50.120 --> 0:01:51.880 to get to that point, we really need to discuss 0:01:51.920 --> 0:01:54.800 what men are like. There's a tendency to sort of 0:01:55.000 --> 0:01:56.280 like if you if you look at like you know, 0:01:56.280 --> 0:01:59.320 see biblical accounts and and all, there's society of like, oh, 0:01:59.360 --> 0:02:01.600 God created a I and then he created a woman. 0:02:02.160 --> 0:02:04.080 But it kind of goes back like we were talking 0:02:04.080 --> 0:02:06.920 about in a previous podcast about male nipples. The reason 0:02:07.000 --> 0:02:10.440 males have nipples is because females have nipples and uh, 0:02:10.880 --> 0:02:12.720 and and the nipples are it's kind of like the 0:02:13.280 --> 0:02:16.040 car that that you get in a car and you're like, oh, well, 0:02:16.080 --> 0:02:19.160 there's just an empty spot where the cigarette lighter goes. Well, 0:02:19.400 --> 0:02:21.880 the other cars have the cigarette lighter because that's the 0:02:22.160 --> 0:02:24.400 main model. Like the female is the main model, and 0:02:24.440 --> 0:02:27.920 the male gender is just this, uh, this offshoot that's 0:02:27.960 --> 0:02:33.200 necessary for procreation. Well so the afterthought, Wow, yeah, okay, 0:02:33.280 --> 0:02:36.080 So to get there, I think we need to look 0:02:36.160 --> 0:02:40.280 at chromosomes. Yeah, the chromosomes are key like ladies X 0:02:40.560 --> 0:02:46.120 X men X Y. Okay, and so that why isn't 0:02:46.240 --> 0:02:49.440 that the whole story about the Y being this imperfect 0:02:49.560 --> 0:02:52.079 version of the X isn't too far off? Yeah, that's 0:02:52.080 --> 0:02:54.920 my understanding of it. Okay, So we all know that 0:02:54.960 --> 0:02:58.840 ourselves contain twenty three pairs of chromosomes, and twenty two 0:02:58.880 --> 0:03:01.359 of those pairs are man matched pairs, and those are 0:03:01.360 --> 0:03:04.280 shared by men and women. But the twenty three is different. 0:03:05.200 --> 0:03:08.560 And I there's the rub, right, because in women, the 0:03:08.560 --> 0:03:11.640 twenty three pair is made up of two chromosomes, and 0:03:11.720 --> 0:03:13.880 men it's made up of an X chromosome and a 0:03:14.000 --> 0:03:18.000 Y chromosome. Yeah, and it's that Y chromosome that determines 0:03:18.160 --> 0:03:21.880 maleness and humans, and it holds genes necessary for forming 0:03:21.919 --> 0:03:25.880 testies and making sperm. So the fact that it doesn't 0:03:25.880 --> 0:03:28.480 have a matching pair poses a bit of a problem 0:03:28.480 --> 0:03:32.600 for the Y chromosomes because all the other chromosomes they 0:03:32.639 --> 0:03:34.840 come in two copies, and every time a cell divides, 0:03:34.920 --> 0:03:38.560 mistakes and genes can creep in and so impaired chromosomes. 0:03:38.560 --> 0:03:40.680 That means that if there's a mistake, you can go 0:03:40.760 --> 0:03:43.360 back and a cell can always get the correct gene 0:03:43.400 --> 0:03:47.000 sequence from the other chromosome. But that is not the 0:03:47.080 --> 0:03:50.760 same situation for the Y. Yeah, there's been some some 0:03:50.840 --> 0:03:53.720 really interesting studies. Uh. The one that I was looking 0:03:53.760 --> 0:03:56.280 at was from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland 0:03:57.080 --> 0:03:59.840 and it's two thousand nine study. And again you need 0:03:59.880 --> 0:04:02.920 a Y chromosome to the mail and they the study 0:04:02.920 --> 0:04:05.720 found it three hundred million years ago the Y chromosome 0:04:05.760 --> 0:04:09.839 had genes on it. Now we're down to about forty five. 0:04:10.400 --> 0:04:12.480 And at the rate we're going, we're going to run 0:04:12.480 --> 0:04:14.560 out of genes on the Y chromosome in about five 0:04:14.560 --> 0:04:16.880 million years according to this particular study. Now, I think 0:04:16.880 --> 0:04:20.640 you found an even uh shorter estimate, didn't you. Um. 0:04:20.920 --> 0:04:25.039 The estimate that I looked at was a thousand years. Yeah. 0:04:25.120 --> 0:04:28.480 And the reason though, is because the mistakes have crept 0:04:28.520 --> 0:04:31.600 into the Y chromosome um and every time a gene 0:04:31.600 --> 0:04:35.080 on the chromosome goes bad, it basically disappears. So that's 0:04:35.080 --> 0:04:38.080 why it's gotten down so low. So scientists theorized that 0:04:38.120 --> 0:04:40.360 the X and Y chromosome did start out with the 0:04:40.400 --> 0:04:43.280 same amount of genes, but you're seeing in the Y 0:04:43.400 --> 0:04:49.599 chromosome quite a depletion, okay, and entered geneticist Brian Sykes, 0:04:50.520 --> 0:04:54.880 who is introducing this sort of lightning rod idea that 0:04:55.000 --> 0:04:57.960 the chromosome, the Y chromosome will become extinct in a 0:04:58.200 --> 0:05:01.080 d twenty five thousand years because of its lack of 0:05:01.120 --> 0:05:04.880 ability to recombine with other chromosomes and repair itself. So, 0:05:06.560 --> 0:05:08.800 I mean, this is what people have found. The researchers 0:05:08.839 --> 0:05:11.760 have found that over a millennia, the Y chromosome has 0:05:11.800 --> 0:05:16.120 lost most of its genes, which is really stunning and 0:05:16.360 --> 0:05:18.880 it's not the sort of information they were actively looking for. 0:05:19.040 --> 0:05:21.479 Is just as they were studying, they went, WHOA, what's 0:05:21.480 --> 0:05:23.960 going on here with with the Y chromosome. Yeah, it's 0:05:23.960 --> 0:05:27.360 worth mentioning that that there's a gene called the s 0:05:27.520 --> 0:05:30.720 R Y and uh, this is important because it switches 0:05:30.720 --> 0:05:33.680 on the development of testes and pumps out male hormones 0:05:34.160 --> 0:05:40.680 that determines maleness or masculinity. Yeah, and when you look 0:05:40.720 --> 0:05:45.440 at Brian Sykes, he's basically saying that regardless, regardless of 0:05:45.480 --> 0:05:48.800 that function men as you had had already pointed out 0:05:48.839 --> 0:05:53.400 to our genetically modified women, so flaws are never repaired 0:05:54.200 --> 0:05:57.680 and if that goes on for generation after generation, Psykes argues, 0:05:58.080 --> 0:06:02.640 eventually there are no functioning Y chromosomes left and those 0:06:02.680 --> 0:06:05.440 I mean huge implications for the future of the world, 0:06:05.600 --> 0:06:08.200 Like we could basically potentially go the way of the vole. 0:06:09.320 --> 0:06:13.039 You could. Yeah, apparently the vole, which is kind of 0:06:13.040 --> 0:06:14.880 like a mole, except it begins with a V. Right, 0:06:15.040 --> 0:06:17.560 a rodent. Yeah, this is scientific explanation. It's a it's 0:06:17.560 --> 0:06:20.440 a rodent typically found in Eastern Europe, Europe, and then 0:06:20.480 --> 0:06:23.919 they're also a country rats in Japan that have this 0:06:23.960 --> 0:06:26.200 as well. They have no Y chromosome and no s 0:06:26.320 --> 0:06:28.920 R Y gene. So how are they getting by? Okay, 0:06:28.960 --> 0:06:32.839 So what they're doing is because they have seemed to 0:06:32.839 --> 0:06:36.279 have lost their Y chromosome somewhere down the line, they 0:06:36.440 --> 0:06:40.279 have genetic material that confers maleness and has transferred itself 0:06:40.360 --> 0:06:44.120 to another chromosome, So it's jumping chromosomes and applying that 0:06:44.240 --> 0:06:48.719 chromosome on there. But if I'm under if I'm interestaining 0:06:48.839 --> 0:06:52.680 this right, it's only going to produce two X chromosomes. 0:06:52.680 --> 0:06:58.160 It's not actually going to reproduce another Y. So it's adapted, 0:06:58.760 --> 0:07:02.000 but it's not necessarily carrying on its male nous. Yeah. 0:07:02.120 --> 0:07:03.919 According to study I was looking at, they said that 0:07:03.920 --> 0:07:06.560 there are several candidate genes that could potentially um uh 0:07:06.640 --> 0:07:08.800 you know, jump in and take over from the s 0:07:08.960 --> 0:07:12.280 r Y to uh you know again to switch on 0:07:12.320 --> 0:07:15.720 the development of tests and pump out male hormones. Um. 0:07:15.760 --> 0:07:18.760 And it's even possible that two or more different sex 0:07:18.840 --> 0:07:23.480 determination systems based on different genes could pop up in 0:07:23.560 --> 0:07:26.280 different populations, which I think which I think is and 0:07:26.480 --> 0:07:29.720 this is in the human population. Um so you could 0:07:29.760 --> 0:07:33.880 conceivably have have this situation where you have different in 0:07:33.880 --> 0:07:37.200 a way different species sort of splitting off. Okay, so 0:07:37.400 --> 0:07:40.800 be like divergent paths. Yeah, yeah, Okay, that's a very 0:07:40.840 --> 0:07:43.600 interesting problem without the s r Y, Like one group 0:07:43.640 --> 0:07:46.520 of people like suddenly their systems are using this gene 0:07:46.560 --> 0:07:48.440 to determine sex, but then this other group has this 0:07:48.520 --> 0:07:52.000 other method like there there are other sex determining tools 0:07:52.000 --> 0:07:54.760 in the toolbox, and it's kind of we're kind of 0:07:54.800 --> 0:07:59.160 unsure what nature might go with for different groups. And 0:07:59.160 --> 0:08:01.200 then of course these groups would not necessarily be compatible 0:08:01.200 --> 0:08:04.160 with one and another. That's what the studies talking about. 0:08:04.720 --> 0:08:08.480 So I'm also thinking about David Page of m I. T. S. 0:08:08.760 --> 0:08:13.560 Whitehead Institute, who disagrees that the Y chromosome actually become 0:08:13.640 --> 0:08:17.960 extinct because he says that in his research that the 0:08:18.120 --> 0:08:21.920 Y chromosome has been secretly creating backup copies of itself 0:08:21.960 --> 0:08:26.200 and its most important genes, not all of them. Cocy 0:08:26.240 --> 0:08:30.520 theory exactly, Um, but I think it's important to know 0:08:30.600 --> 0:08:35.079 it's not all of the genes, just the most important ones, uh. 0:08:35.080 --> 0:08:37.040 And these are stored in the DNA as mirror images 0:08:37.120 --> 0:08:42.040 or palindromes. Palindrome is you might remember from everyone from 0:08:42.520 --> 0:08:44.800 English class. That's a word that's also a word that 0:08:44.800 --> 0:08:46.800 has felt the same way backwards as farward, like race, 0:08:46.800 --> 0:08:52.760 car or none or two yes my favorite. Um. So 0:08:53.480 --> 0:08:58.000 basically Page is saying that you know, looking at that logic, 0:08:58.320 --> 0:09:00.600 they're not it's not necessarily going to go stink. That's 0:09:00.640 --> 0:09:05.240 how it's actually been repairing itself um and and still 0:09:05.320 --> 0:09:08.920 been in circulation, so to speak. And so it kind 0:09:08.920 --> 0:09:13.800 of brings me to a natural question though, if if 0:09:14.880 --> 0:09:20.640 men in the Y chromosome more specifically, are imperfect the 0:09:20.679 --> 0:09:25.400 imperfect expression of X are or they needed biologically anymore, 0:09:25.520 --> 0:09:30.080 especially given our technological advances. Well, it's interesting when you 0:09:30.080 --> 0:09:33.240 look at you look at at examples in nature. There 0:09:33.240 --> 0:09:37.560 are plenty of examples of a sexual reproduction promogenesis. Yeah, 0:09:37.600 --> 0:09:39.920 of course, there are also plenty of examples that I 0:09:39.960 --> 0:09:43.160 find rather interesting of situations where the male is just 0:09:43.320 --> 0:09:47.040 not necessary in the long run. There's another rodent called 0:09:47.360 --> 0:09:52.440 the brown and techinnus, also known as mac Lee's marsupial mouse. 0:09:52.640 --> 0:09:54.480 So maybe it's not maybe it's not a rodent, maybe 0:09:54.480 --> 0:09:57.440 it's marsupial. But any rate, this is a particular species. 0:09:57.480 --> 0:09:59.640 The male mates like crazy for like twelve hours at 0:09:59.640 --> 0:10:02.960 a time. I believe this was featured on Life or 0:10:03.000 --> 0:10:06.199 Planet Earth, one of those two programs. Just mates like crazy, 0:10:06.440 --> 0:10:08.760 mate mate mate, mate, mate, mate mate, then day night, 0:10:09.280 --> 0:10:12.960 and then eventually just humps himself to death, just dies. Uh. 0:10:13.120 --> 0:10:16.000 And the benefit here is, at this point, he's he's 0:10:16.000 --> 0:10:20.839 done his part. He's uh, he's Uh, he's facilitated, uh, 0:10:20.880 --> 0:10:24.600 sexual reproduction. That's so cold. He's fulfilled his biological and 0:10:24.640 --> 0:10:26.920 now he's dead. And by being dead, that's one less 0:10:26.960 --> 0:10:29.480 mouth to feed, right, because otherwise he would just be 0:10:29.559 --> 0:10:33.960 setting around, you know, eating food, watching TV until then. Yeah, 0:10:34.120 --> 0:10:36.520 you know how how men are and uh, and this 0:10:36.559 --> 0:10:38.800 way he's he has at least the common courtesy to 0:10:38.840 --> 0:10:41.360 die afterwards. And you see this, you know, in in 0:10:41.360 --> 0:10:44.480 insects as well in another species, where the male, having 0:10:44.559 --> 0:10:47.559 performed his role, uh, just kicks the buck bucket or 0:10:48.280 --> 0:10:52.400 the female devours his head. Yes, yeah, I do recall 0:10:52.480 --> 0:10:55.600 hearing about that praying man. Yes, well, you also have 0:10:55.760 --> 0:11:00.800 virgin births, which happened um in boa constructs for instance, 0:11:01.360 --> 0:11:04.960 and I happened actually pretty recently, were a bow constructor 0:11:05.679 --> 0:11:09.080 fused a copy of herself, of her of her eggs. 0:11:09.920 --> 0:11:12.000 Excuse me, she took her eggs and she fused a 0:11:12.040 --> 0:11:17.120 copy of her genetic material, which stimulated embryonic development. And 0:11:17.840 --> 0:11:20.959 the reason they know that that happened because she was 0:11:21.000 --> 0:11:24.440 housed with males, is that she had this caramel colored 0:11:24.720 --> 0:11:29.240 broad of little bow constrictors, which wasn't a genetic trade 0:11:29.280 --> 0:11:32.120 of any of the males and you know this, it 0:11:32.160 --> 0:11:34.199 happens every once in a while. Wow. So they can 0:11:34.200 --> 0:11:36.680 get by, Yeah, they can get by. They can bring 0:11:36.720 --> 0:11:38.920 home the bacon fried up in a pan. There are 0:11:38.960 --> 0:11:40.760 a couple of exams, other examples they don't have to 0:11:41.200 --> 0:11:44.760 even acknowledge or a man. There are a couple of 0:11:44.760 --> 0:11:46.800 other examples from the insect to the world that I 0:11:46.840 --> 0:11:50.800 really like. One there is there. Well, there was a 0:11:50.840 --> 0:11:55.360 study from North Carolina State University and they were looking 0:11:55.360 --> 0:11:59.320 at termites and they found that like basically with termites, 0:11:59.360 --> 0:12:00.880 you have like a young ueen goes out, finds it, 0:12:00.920 --> 0:12:03.600 found a new colony, and then she has a termite king, 0:12:03.679 --> 0:12:05.520 and as is often the case in the insect world, 0:12:05.520 --> 0:12:08.080 the king is just there for the mating. Again, the 0:12:08.120 --> 0:12:10.920 females are the species. The male is just the um, 0:12:10.960 --> 0:12:15.400 you know, the the the byproduct that's necessary to facilitate 0:12:15.600 --> 0:12:18.440 sexual production. Yeah, he's just a pool boy hanging out 0:12:18.480 --> 0:12:22.680 around in the drone chamber. Yeah. So so so anyway, 0:12:22.720 --> 0:12:26.040 they they start doing it, reproducing, but then the queen 0:12:26.080 --> 0:12:29.360 eventually dies like she it's you know, it's a big 0:12:29.400 --> 0:12:32.160 responsibility run in a you know, a whole community of 0:12:32.240 --> 0:12:36.400 termites stress. Yeah, so then you need another queen. But 0:12:36.600 --> 0:12:39.199 but here's the thing you don't in breeding is typically 0:12:39.240 --> 0:12:43.000 a bad thing for a community. So uh, you know, 0:12:43.040 --> 0:12:45.160 just on a genetic level. And I'm not talking about 0:12:45.679 --> 0:12:49.280 because because there's no real social anything, and you know 0:12:49.320 --> 0:12:53.760 in the termite world. Um, so they need a new queen, 0:12:53.840 --> 0:12:56.240 right and we don't. But we don't need the king 0:12:56.280 --> 0:13:00.720 to to start breeding with a daughter. So the queen 0:13:00.960 --> 0:13:05.400 will a sexually reproduce to create the new queen, essentially 0:13:05.440 --> 0:13:09.120 clone herself so that there's no no crossing of the 0:13:09.160 --> 0:13:13.200 genetic streams so to speak. Yeah, and then then I 0:13:13.240 --> 0:13:16.600 read there was another interesting study. Um, and this one 0:13:16.840 --> 0:13:19.040 was featured in a BBC article not too long ago, 0:13:19.559 --> 0:13:25.200 and they covered Amazonian ants, which are essentially an all 0:13:25.240 --> 0:13:28.040 female species at this point. Like they at some point 0:13:28.120 --> 0:13:29.880 they basically were like, you know, ladies, we can do 0:13:29.880 --> 0:13:32.280 this on our own. We don't need the this drone 0:13:32.760 --> 0:13:35.240 just hanging around. Uh, you know, we can just stick 0:13:35.240 --> 0:13:38.679 with a sexual reproduction. So their number of benefits to this, First, 0:13:38.679 --> 0:13:42.400 the ants don't waste any energy producing males, which which 0:13:42.400 --> 0:13:46.240 again they don't do much, you know besides breeding. And uh, 0:13:46.280 --> 0:13:49.080 and you know they've combined two positions you know, in 0:13:49.160 --> 0:13:53.400 their their social uh strata. And it also doubles the 0:13:53.480 --> 0:13:57.679 number of reproductive females that are produced each generation. Now, 0:13:57.679 --> 0:14:00.720 the downside to that is that there's less diversity, which 0:14:00.800 --> 0:14:04.000 means that like you get one new parasite, one new disease, 0:14:04.240 --> 0:14:07.320 and it can essentially wipe out the entire species, which 0:14:07.400 --> 0:14:10.120 is probably you know, a reason why why you don't 0:14:10.160 --> 0:14:14.319 see as as many a sexual you know, species, because 0:14:14.480 --> 0:14:17.239 because it will often you know, open them up for 0:14:17.400 --> 0:14:22.480 potential just disaster when a new parasite, disease, et cetera coming. Right. 0:14:22.520 --> 0:14:24.680 They want to encourage diversity right in a genetic pool, 0:14:24.840 --> 0:14:28.040 right exactly. It's the whole reason for sexual reproduction over 0:14:28.120 --> 0:14:31.320 a sexual in most cases. But I mean here's the 0:14:31.360 --> 0:14:34.600 thing that I think it's spelling out for humans is 0:14:34.640 --> 0:14:37.560 that eventually, I mean right around the corner, I mean, 0:14:38.160 --> 0:14:40.960 two women will be able to fertilize an egg with 0:14:41.520 --> 0:14:46.240 the other genetic material and it will still be a 0:14:46.280 --> 0:14:49.320 diverse pool of genetic material. And this will be this 0:14:49.360 --> 0:14:53.480 will be via a medical procedure or exactly exactly. And 0:14:53.520 --> 0:14:56.560 I mean a good example is just you know, in 0:14:56.680 --> 0:14:59.920 the animal world, is last summer, Japanese team announced that 0:15:00.040 --> 0:15:03.480 female mice had been made pregnant using cells from other females, 0:15:03.520 --> 0:15:06.880 and they gave birth to completely healthy babies. I think 0:15:06.960 --> 0:15:08.760 the only thing that they noticed is that the babies 0:15:08.800 --> 0:15:15.920 were about smaller than the other mice in the control group. So, 0:15:17.040 --> 0:15:19.880 I mean, I think that's what's sort of spelling that 0:15:20.280 --> 0:15:24.960 the future might be a matriarchal one. Yeah, like a 0:15:25.040 --> 0:15:30.040 race short women and their robot physicians exactly. They're they're 0:15:30.080 --> 0:15:33.440 female robot physicians. That might add well, Mike, why is 0:15:33.480 --> 0:15:35.800 the wait, why does the physician have to be Like 0:15:35.840 --> 0:15:39.200 maybe they'll be a little nostalgic for the the masculinity 0:15:39.200 --> 0:15:41.440 of the past, and they'll they'll have the robots will 0:15:41.480 --> 0:15:45.120 be like male robot doctors. Uh, you know, I would say, 0:15:45.440 --> 0:15:48.280 friend of the ladies listening out there. Uh you know, 0:15:48.440 --> 0:15:50.520 if you've ever had a guyn incologist, you're definitely gonna 0:15:50.520 --> 0:15:55.080 want a female robot gynecologist. Yeah, even if it is 0:15:55.080 --> 0:16:00.200 a robot, it's just that's a comforting aspect. But you're right, 0:16:00.240 --> 0:16:03.720 maybe maybe some people would be nostalgic, Like maybe it'll 0:16:03.760 --> 0:16:05.400 be kind of maybe it'll be programmed to say, I 0:16:05.440 --> 0:16:08.400 don't have much time. My golf gang. My golf game 0:16:08.440 --> 0:16:10.920 is right around the corner. Yeah, it'll be like or 0:16:10.960 --> 0:16:13.960 maybe they'll go after the model. After the doctors in Madmen. 0:16:14.120 --> 0:16:15.800 You know, it's like they're always like smoking in there 0:16:15.880 --> 0:16:18.840 while they're telling the lady. So it is so because 0:16:18.880 --> 0:16:20.800 they'll they'll miss it. They'll you know, it'd be like, oh, well, 0:16:20.840 --> 0:16:23.320 you know, victory over all the horrible things that were mailed. 0:16:23.360 --> 0:16:25.920 But then they're like, but I kind of miss those jerks. 0:16:26.040 --> 0:16:29.120 So you know, let's start programming robots stuff to behave 0:16:29.240 --> 0:16:37.120 really horribly maybe. So this presentation is brought to you 0:16:37.160 --> 0:16:45.120 by Intel Sponsors of Tomorrow. Actually it makes me think 0:16:45.160 --> 0:16:48.360 about the article that you sent me called the End 0:16:48.360 --> 0:16:51.280 of Men this is the Atlantic, Yeah, yes, yeah, and 0:16:51.280 --> 0:16:53.200 it was it was sort of spelling out a future 0:16:54.080 --> 0:16:58.680 not necessarily through science, maybe more socio economic terms. I 0:16:58.720 --> 0:17:02.240 actually might even call it says economic Darwinism, in which 0:17:02.320 --> 0:17:06.359 the future of um of the earth seems to be 0:17:06.359 --> 0:17:08.679 geared a lot more toward women right now. So what 0:17:08.760 --> 0:17:11.800 happened to the men? Are they they're not going extinct, 0:17:11.880 --> 0:17:17.600 but they're just what being relegated to like brood chambers. Yeah, yeah, 0:17:17.680 --> 0:17:19.560 they're they're in their main caves. It turns out that 0:17:19.600 --> 0:17:22.960 they're not adapting as well as women. Uh, it turns 0:17:22.960 --> 0:17:26.560 out and that this economic environment that if you're really 0:17:26.560 --> 0:17:31.760 flexible you communicate well, uh, you can mitigate arguments, so 0:17:31.800 --> 0:17:34.960 on and so forth, and in the global economy that 0:17:35.119 --> 0:17:39.159 you're going to be pretty useful. And Uh. There's a 0:17:39.200 --> 0:17:43.040 book called The Evolution of Culture by Leslie White, and 0:17:43.080 --> 0:17:45.240 the crux of that idea or that book was that 0:17:45.320 --> 0:17:49.600 social systems are determined by technological systems. So we're at 0:17:49.600 --> 0:17:52.840 a point in our history, are technicol technological history, where 0:17:53.880 --> 0:17:58.040 women are beginning to dominate the workplace. And so you're 0:17:58.080 --> 0:18:00.800 looking right now at this year or the balance of 0:18:00.800 --> 0:18:03.560 the work force has tipped towards women for the first 0:18:03.560 --> 0:18:06.919 time ever. And for every two men who get a 0:18:06.960 --> 0:18:09.679 college degree this year, three men, three women will do 0:18:09.720 --> 0:18:13.119 the same. And right now women earn six of all 0:18:13.160 --> 0:18:17.960 master's degrees. So there's definitely a trend here happening, and 0:18:18.880 --> 0:18:22.159 a lot of this is being diascerbated by the fact 0:18:22.240 --> 0:18:26.840 that typical male industries like construction, for instance, I've sort 0:18:26.840 --> 0:18:30.240 of evaporated in the recession. But I think what's interesting 0:18:30.359 --> 0:18:34.080 about that article is that it's it is pointing uh 0:18:34.160 --> 0:18:38.480 to a time in our history where women are entering 0:18:38.480 --> 0:18:41.760 the workplace and dominating fields that were typically thought as 0:18:42.000 --> 0:18:45.160 thought of as a mail fields and doing them really well. 0:18:45.960 --> 0:18:49.640 And of course, the the wage gap still exists. Women 0:18:49.680 --> 0:18:52.359 are still getting paid less than men, and so you 0:18:52.400 --> 0:18:55.800 have to wonder too if the economy is rewarding women 0:18:55.880 --> 0:18:58.200 for not being paid as much and actually employing them 0:18:58.200 --> 0:19:00.000 over men. That that's certainly got to be an asked 0:19:00.000 --> 0:19:02.520 aspect of it. Kind of serve men, right though, you 0:19:02.560 --> 0:19:04.560 think so, yeah, kind of like like, oh, you're only 0:19:04.600 --> 0:19:06.800 messed up there, didn't you You thought you were you 0:19:06.840 --> 0:19:08.720 were a cheating amount of something that you're just opening 0:19:08.760 --> 0:19:11.640 the door, that's right. Well, I mean, yeah, that's that's 0:19:11.680 --> 0:19:14.399 the good thing about this is that it's just a 0:19:14.440 --> 0:19:17.840 matter of time where pay will become equal. Yeah, particularly 0:19:17.880 --> 0:19:19.800 when you've tipped the scales in the workplace with more 0:19:19.800 --> 0:19:22.200 women working there than then. But I should also note 0:19:22.280 --> 0:19:26.359 that CEO's top positions as are still filled by men obviously, 0:19:26.840 --> 0:19:30.920 and only three percent of the fortune CEO CEOs or women. 0:19:31.160 --> 0:19:35.199 I mean that's kind of astounding. And then NFL coaches 0:19:35.760 --> 0:19:38.119 m alright, guys, they're most like they're not none of 0:19:38.160 --> 0:19:41.280 them are women? Are they yet until they see my game? 0:19:43.080 --> 0:19:45.720 But um, the reason that I wanted to bring this up, 0:19:46.160 --> 0:19:51.160 but not to get into you know, cultural um happenings 0:19:51.400 --> 0:19:53.800 for today because we're more of a science podcast, is 0:19:53.840 --> 0:19:57.359 to talk about Ronald Ericsson. He's a biologist, so he's 0:19:57.440 --> 0:20:02.360 kind of a cowboy biologist and yeah he I mean, 0:20:02.720 --> 0:20:04.680 he's the Marble Man. In fact, I think they eat. 0:20:04.880 --> 0:20:06.960 He owns the property where a lot of the Marble 0:20:07.040 --> 0:20:09.959 Man stuff was shot and he's really proud of that. Um. 0:20:10.160 --> 0:20:14.720 But he's the guy that's responsible for separating uh sperm 0:20:14.760 --> 0:20:18.080 carrying the mail producing Y chromosome from the X chromosome. 0:20:18.920 --> 0:20:22.280 And he's the guy who basically brought this to market 0:20:22.320 --> 0:20:25.640 and saying, hey, Almo, assuming that a lot of people 0:20:25.680 --> 0:20:27.840 are going to want to have boys and be able 0:20:27.880 --> 0:20:31.480 to determine sex, and this is the guy who who 0:20:31.560 --> 0:20:35.600 made that happen. Of course, the big irony now is 0:20:35.720 --> 0:20:39.760 that people are choosing girls over boys something like two 0:20:39.800 --> 0:20:44.480 to one, and in some clinics upwoards to seventy. So 0:20:44.680 --> 0:20:49.800 it's also spelling out a story that's being told in 0:20:50.200 --> 0:20:53.159 something like the Atlantic giving us stats about women and 0:20:53.280 --> 0:20:56.679 how they're dominating the workplace. And then when you look 0:20:56.720 --> 0:20:58.560 at these clinics and you see that people are opting 0:20:58.600 --> 0:21:00.960 for more women than men, we kind of gotta wonder 0:21:01.040 --> 0:21:04.560 what's going on. And in fact, this guy, I mean, 0:21:04.600 --> 0:21:08.600 he's quite a character. He basically says, and I thought 0:21:08.640 --> 0:21:11.000 it was going to be all about men, because historically 0:21:11.080 --> 0:21:14.600 that's what we've chosen men over women. But you know, 0:21:15.080 --> 0:21:19.080 here I am a grandfather of a granddaughter who is 0:21:19.280 --> 0:21:24.200 now a genetic scientist. Yeah, there was a time, and 0:21:24.359 --> 0:21:27.879 this has pointed out in several works, but also in 0:21:28.280 --> 0:21:32.440 the comedic film Sting Ray Sam, which I encourage everyone 0:21:32.480 --> 0:21:35.080 to check out, that there there was a there was 0:21:35.119 --> 0:21:38.600 a time where the idea of having a a female 0:21:39.320 --> 0:21:44.800 child was was pretty disastrous if you were either really 0:21:44.880 --> 0:21:47.160 poor or really rich, right, I mean China is still 0:21:47.240 --> 0:21:49.679 kind of shaking that off, yes, because if you're really rich, 0:21:49.840 --> 0:21:52.280 you need a male air and a female is not 0:21:52.359 --> 0:21:54.680 necessarily gonna cut it. And then if you're really poor, 0:21:55.160 --> 0:21:57.560 it can be rather heartbreaking too. You know, you're you 0:21:57.680 --> 0:22:01.360 have this female child who can't you know, necessarily work 0:22:01.600 --> 0:22:03.560 on the farm like you need or do the manual 0:22:03.640 --> 0:22:07.280 labor that needs doing, um, and may suddenly find herself 0:22:07.359 --> 0:22:11.639 morally compromised by the society around her. Right, You've got 0:22:11.680 --> 0:22:14.480 the whole dowrything to worry. Yeah, that too. So so 0:22:14.640 --> 0:22:17.160 it was kind of like a middle that for a while. 0:22:17.200 --> 0:22:18.720 They even the idea that like the you know, the 0:22:18.760 --> 0:22:21.639 female child could be the you know, the you know her, 0:22:21.760 --> 0:22:25.400 you know, daddy's favorite was more of a middle class thing, right, yeah. Yeah, 0:22:25.720 --> 0:22:28.480 And I mean again, you look that historically and you 0:22:28.560 --> 0:22:31.520 see that men in ancient Greece were tying off their 0:22:31.600 --> 0:22:35.639 left left testicle, uh, in the hopes of producing a 0:22:35.760 --> 0:22:38.720 male air. I mean, people were taking it very seriously. 0:22:39.119 --> 0:22:41.000 And some women, you know back in the day, we're 0:22:41.000 --> 0:22:43.880 actually losing their lives if they didn't produce a male air. Well, 0:22:43.920 --> 0:22:47.880 that's worse. That's I'm sorry to grow at the torture. Yeah. 0:22:47.880 --> 0:22:50.000 I didn't mean to bring it down there. Um. But 0:22:50.880 --> 0:22:53.399 so some people are in a panic over this, and 0:22:53.720 --> 0:22:57.240 specifically I will talk about Japan, where they're they're in 0:22:57.480 --> 0:23:01.080 a national panic over the rise of something they've called herbivores, 0:23:01.680 --> 0:23:04.760 which are men who are gardening and organizing dessert parties 0:23:04.960 --> 0:23:09.720 and basically declining to have sex while their female counterparts 0:23:09.960 --> 0:23:13.960