1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,280 Speaker 1: Hey, y'all, we're rerunning two episodes today, which means you 2 00:00:03,400 --> 00:00:10,440 Speaker 1: might hear two hosts enjoy the show. Welcome to this 3 00:00:10,520 --> 00:00:14,320 Speaker 1: day in history class. It's July nine. The Seneca Falls 4 00:00:14,360 --> 00:00:17,120 Speaker 1: Convention took place on this day in eighteen forty eight, 5 00:00:17,239 --> 00:00:20,239 Speaker 1: and it was the first major women's rights convention in 6 00:00:20,280 --> 00:00:22,920 Speaker 1: the United States. The two women who get the most 7 00:00:22,960 --> 00:00:26,720 Speaker 1: credit for organizing this convention were Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth 8 00:00:26,800 --> 00:00:29,800 Speaker 1: Katie Stanton. Both of them had a history of activism 9 00:00:29,840 --> 00:00:34,159 Speaker 1: before this. Lucretia Mott had helped organize the Philadelphia Female 10 00:00:34,200 --> 00:00:38,280 Speaker 1: Anti Slavery Society, and then Elizabeth Katie Stanton had gone 11 00:00:38,280 --> 00:00:42,000 Speaker 1: to the World Anti Slavery Convention in London on her honeymoon. 12 00:00:42,320 --> 00:00:45,760 Speaker 1: As a side note, she also famously refused to include 13 00:00:45,760 --> 00:00:49,000 Speaker 1: a vow of obedience in those wedding vows. The two 14 00:00:49,040 --> 00:00:51,960 Speaker 1: women actually met at this convention, where they were forced 15 00:00:51,960 --> 00:00:54,840 Speaker 1: to sit in a separate section that was only for women. 16 00:00:55,200 --> 00:00:57,600 Speaker 1: On July nine of eighty eight, the two of them 17 00:00:57,600 --> 00:00:59,400 Speaker 1: were at a gathering at the home of Jane and 18 00:00:59,480 --> 00:01:03,000 Speaker 1: Richard Hunt, with Marianne McClintock and Martha Right there also, 19 00:01:03,680 --> 00:01:06,560 Speaker 1: and they were talking about their frustrations with the limitations 20 00:01:06,600 --> 00:01:08,560 Speaker 1: on their lives. And we should take a moment to 21 00:01:08,640 --> 00:01:13,200 Speaker 1: note that these were all white educated, well off women, 22 00:01:13,800 --> 00:01:16,080 Speaker 1: and so the frustrations they were talking about were really 23 00:01:16,120 --> 00:01:20,440 Speaker 1: ones that were affecting white educated, well off women. And 24 00:01:20,480 --> 00:01:23,560 Speaker 1: when they talked about these issues, you can tell that 25 00:01:23,720 --> 00:01:27,119 Speaker 1: they were sort of assuming them to be universal when 26 00:01:27,120 --> 00:01:30,560 Speaker 1: they really weren't. They were as a particular subset of 27 00:01:30,640 --> 00:01:34,039 Speaker 1: women that their work really applied to, and that would 28 00:01:34,040 --> 00:01:36,360 Speaker 1: play out in a lot of ways later on in 29 00:01:36,360 --> 00:01:39,080 Speaker 1: this movement. So they decided to hold a convention. This 30 00:01:39,160 --> 00:01:41,560 Speaker 1: was something that Stanton and Mott had been talking about 31 00:01:41,600 --> 00:01:44,840 Speaker 1: way back in London in eighteen forty, and they scheduled 32 00:01:44,880 --> 00:01:48,760 Speaker 1: this convention for ten days later. They announced it in 33 00:01:48,800 --> 00:01:52,080 Speaker 1: the Seneca County Courier on July fourteenth. It was to 34 00:01:52,120 --> 00:01:54,840 Speaker 1: be a two day convention only for women on the 35 00:01:54,880 --> 00:01:58,000 Speaker 1: first day, with the general public invited on the second day. 36 00:01:58,200 --> 00:02:01,120 Speaker 1: The same ad ran in other news papers as well, 37 00:02:01,320 --> 00:02:04,960 Speaker 1: including in Frederick Douglas's North Star. Douglas was really an 38 00:02:04,960 --> 00:02:08,359 Speaker 1: important part of this movement, and he was present at 39 00:02:08,360 --> 00:02:12,480 Speaker 1: the convention. Elizabeth Katie Stanton drafted a declaration of sentiments 40 00:02:12,600 --> 00:02:17,720 Speaker 1: leading up to this. This detailed eighteen injuries and usurpations 41 00:02:17,760 --> 00:02:21,280 Speaker 1: that women were subject to. This included uh the idea 42 00:02:21,320 --> 00:02:24,720 Speaker 1: that women had an inalienable right to vote, but they 43 00:02:24,720 --> 00:02:29,320 Speaker 1: weren't actually being given that right. That by being denied 44 00:02:29,360 --> 00:02:32,480 Speaker 1: the right to vote, women were also being denied representation 45 00:02:32,800 --> 00:02:36,200 Speaker 1: that they were held to a different moral code from men, 46 00:02:36,600 --> 00:02:40,840 Speaker 1: with women being cast out from society for behavior that 47 00:02:40,960 --> 00:02:45,480 Speaker 1: was tolerated in men. Speaking of mankind as a concept, 48 00:02:45,600 --> 00:02:48,640 Speaker 1: this declaration said, quote, he has made her, if married 49 00:02:48,639 --> 00:02:51,360 Speaker 1: in the eye of the law, civilly dead, and he 50 00:02:51,440 --> 00:02:54,320 Speaker 1: has taken from her all right and property, even to 51 00:02:54,400 --> 00:02:58,320 Speaker 1: the wages she earns. There are also eleven resolutions in 52 00:02:58,360 --> 00:03:01,079 Speaker 1: this document that included that men were equal to men 53 00:03:01,360 --> 00:03:04,360 Speaker 1: and quote that the same amount of virtue, delicacy, and 54 00:03:04,440 --> 00:03:07,240 Speaker 1: refinement of behavior that is required of women in the 55 00:03:07,280 --> 00:03:10,360 Speaker 1: social states should also be required of man, and the 56 00:03:10,400 --> 00:03:13,920 Speaker 1: same transgressions should be visited with equal severity on both 57 00:03:13,960 --> 00:03:16,840 Speaker 1: man and woman. One of the resolutions was also that 58 00:03:16,880 --> 00:03:19,760 Speaker 1: women should have the right to vote. Between two hundred 59 00:03:19,800 --> 00:03:23,519 Speaker 1: and three hundred people attended this convention. The declaration was 60 00:03:23,600 --> 00:03:26,639 Speaker 1: read and discussed and read again. Changes were made and 61 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:29,520 Speaker 1: an amended and updated version was signed on the second 62 00:03:29,600 --> 00:03:32,600 Speaker 1: day by sixty eight women and thirty two men. You 63 00:03:32,639 --> 00:03:35,280 Speaker 1: can learn more about the Seneca Falls Convention on the 64 00:03:35,320 --> 00:03:39,120 Speaker 1: December seven episode of Stuffy Miss in History Class called 65 00:03:39,200 --> 00:03:41,880 Speaker 1: The Road to the Declaration of Sentiments, and you can 66 00:03:41,920 --> 00:03:44,920 Speaker 1: subscribe to This Day in History Class on Apple podcasts, 67 00:03:44,960 --> 00:03:48,720 Speaker 1: Google podcasts, and whatever else you get your podcasts. Tomorrow, 68 00:03:48,800 --> 00:03:51,520 Speaker 1: we'll look at an event for young athletes that was 69 00:03:51,600 --> 00:04:04,040 Speaker 1: really groundbreaking for its time. Welcome to this day and 70 00:04:04,160 --> 00:04:19,200 Speaker 1: History Class, where history waits for no one. The day 71 00:04:19,360 --> 00:04:24,400 Speaker 1: was July nineteenth, nineteen nineteen. One of the most infamous 72 00:04:24,520 --> 00:04:28,000 Speaker 1: race riots that happened during Red Summer began in Washington, 73 00:04:28,120 --> 00:04:31,800 Speaker 1: d C. Red Summer, a term coined by author and 74 00:04:31,920 --> 00:04:36,080 Speaker 1: activist James Wildon Johnson, was a particularly violent period in 75 00:04:36,120 --> 00:04:40,760 Speaker 1: the US in nineteen nineteen. The time was characterized by 76 00:04:40,800 --> 00:04:44,640 Speaker 1: a bunch of social and political change and unrest. Black 77 00:04:44,680 --> 00:04:47,080 Speaker 1: people were moving from the South to the North in 78 00:04:47,120 --> 00:04:49,600 Speaker 1: search of work in a better life, though when they 79 00:04:49,640 --> 00:04:51,640 Speaker 1: got there they found that they were still subject to 80 00:04:51,720 --> 00:04:56,360 Speaker 1: racial persecution and employment discrimination, and black people who had 81 00:04:56,400 --> 00:04:59,240 Speaker 1: fought in World War One were returning home with the 82 00:04:59,279 --> 00:05:02,240 Speaker 1: desire to fight for equal rights and freedom on their 83 00:05:02,279 --> 00:05:06,200 Speaker 1: own soil, and as the Red Scare encouraged, a fear 84 00:05:06,240 --> 00:05:11,000 Speaker 1: of radicalism and revolution, nationalism and xenophobia were heightened in 85 00:05:11,040 --> 00:05:14,839 Speaker 1: the US. These were some of the big issues that 86 00:05:14,960 --> 00:05:18,479 Speaker 1: led to Red Summer several months in nineteen nineteen, when 87 00:05:18,480 --> 00:05:23,320 Speaker 1: white supremacists attacked black people throughout the country. Lynchings made 88 00:05:23,360 --> 00:05:25,599 Speaker 1: up a big part of the anti black violence that 89 00:05:25,600 --> 00:05:29,120 Speaker 1: occurred that year. On May second, a mob of at 90 00:05:29,160 --> 00:05:32,279 Speaker 1: least one hundred white men brutally killed a black man 91 00:05:32,400 --> 00:05:35,800 Speaker 1: named Binny Richards for allegedly injuring a white sheriff and 92 00:05:35,880 --> 00:05:40,440 Speaker 1: other white men. On the fourteenth of May, in Vicksburg, Mississippi, 93 00:05:40,720 --> 00:05:43,599 Speaker 1: a mob of eight hundred to a thousand people hanged 94 00:05:43,640 --> 00:05:47,520 Speaker 1: a man named Lloyd Clay over a bonfire and shot 95 00:05:47,600 --> 00:05:51,039 Speaker 1: him for being accused of assaulting a woman named Maddie Hudson, 96 00:05:51,440 --> 00:05:54,040 Speaker 1: who had previously said Clay was not the man who 97 00:05:54,040 --> 00:05:59,400 Speaker 1: assaulted her. On June, a mob lynched John Hartfield and 98 00:05:59,400 --> 00:06:02,800 Speaker 1: Ellis Field, Mississippi, because they claimed he had raped a 99 00:06:02,839 --> 00:06:05,840 Speaker 1: white woman, though John's family said it was because he 100 00:06:05,880 --> 00:06:09,880 Speaker 1: was dating a white woman and really a fighter Robert 101 00:06:09,960 --> 00:06:13,680 Speaker 1: Crosky and Will Temple were lynched in Montgomery, Alabama, on 102 00:06:13,760 --> 00:06:18,719 Speaker 1: September ninety. Those are just some of the eight three 103 00:06:18,760 --> 00:06:21,560 Speaker 1: recorded lynchings that were committed in the summer and fall 104 00:06:21,640 --> 00:06:26,640 Speaker 1: of nineteen nineteen. Red Summer was also marked by race riots, 105 00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:30,000 Speaker 1: where white mobs would attack black people in their neighborhoods. 106 00:06:30,960 --> 00:06:35,040 Speaker 1: As with lynchings, this mass violence was sometimes committed under 107 00:06:35,040 --> 00:06:37,960 Speaker 1: the guise that black people had done something wrong and 108 00:06:38,000 --> 00:06:42,200 Speaker 1: deserved punishment, though the accusations were often just made up 109 00:06:42,320 --> 00:06:45,760 Speaker 1: or plainly harmless, like smoking in front of a white woman. 110 00:06:46,920 --> 00:06:50,719 Speaker 1: There were at least twenty six recorded riots in the southern, Northern, 111 00:06:50,800 --> 00:06:54,719 Speaker 1: and Midwestern states from April to November of nineteen nineteen. 112 00:06:55,920 --> 00:06:58,760 Speaker 1: One of the major riots that happened during Red Summer 113 00:06:59,040 --> 00:07:02,919 Speaker 1: was in Washington, d See on July nineteen, when a 114 00:07:02,920 --> 00:07:05,720 Speaker 1: black man was released after he was arrested for being 115 00:07:05,800 --> 00:07:09,160 Speaker 1: suspected of assaulting a white woman. A mob of about 116 00:07:09,240 --> 00:07:13,080 Speaker 1: four hundred people attacked black residents in Washington neighborhoods randomly. 117 00:07:14,240 --> 00:07:16,760 Speaker 1: When the cops showed up, they mainly arrested the people 118 00:07:16,800 --> 00:07:20,800 Speaker 1: who have been attacked. Rioting lasted for days, and black 119 00:07:20,800 --> 00:07:25,440 Speaker 1: people armed themselves and fought back. Though President Woodrow Wilson 120 00:07:25,480 --> 00:07:28,160 Speaker 1: has sent troops to d C. Dozens of people have 121 00:07:28,280 --> 00:07:32,040 Speaker 1: been killed and more were injured. Days after the DC 122 00:07:32,240 --> 00:07:36,600 Speaker 1: riot ended on July A Ryan in Chicago began after 123 00:07:36,640 --> 00:07:40,239 Speaker 1: a conflict broke out an unofficially segregated public swimming area. 124 00:07:41,360 --> 00:07:44,800 Speaker 1: The incident sparked violence across the city that petered out 125 00:07:44,840 --> 00:07:48,640 Speaker 1: on August three, after thirty eight people have been killed 126 00:07:48,920 --> 00:07:53,000 Speaker 1: and five hundred and thirty seven had been injured. Though 127 00:07:53,040 --> 00:07:56,480 Speaker 1: it's been dubbed Red Summer, the increased pattern of violence 128 00:07:56,560 --> 00:08:00,800 Speaker 1: did not slow down until the fall. Racist violence continue, 129 00:08:01,000 --> 00:08:03,960 Speaker 1: but leaders began condemning it and the people who committed it, 130 00:08:04,360 --> 00:08:06,760 Speaker 1: and the press became a little less aggressive with this. 131 00:08:06,840 --> 00:08:12,240 Speaker 1: Anti black propaganda organizations also worked on improving race relations. 132 00:08:13,280 --> 00:08:16,160 Speaker 1: Though many of the incidents that happened during Red Summer 133 00:08:16,200 --> 00:08:19,920 Speaker 1: are well documented, many others have no official records or 134 00:08:20,000 --> 00:08:23,680 Speaker 1: had no investigations and are not documented in detail, if 135 00:08:23,720 --> 00:08:27,600 Speaker 1: at all. I'm Eves jeffco and hopefully you know a 136 00:08:27,600 --> 00:08:31,920 Speaker 1: little more about history today than you did yesterday. If 137 00:08:31,920 --> 00:08:34,120 Speaker 1: you like to learn more about this topic, you can 138 00:08:34,200 --> 00:08:36,520 Speaker 1: check out the episode of Stuff You missed in history 139 00:08:36,520 --> 00:08:40,200 Speaker 1: class called Red Summer nineteen nineteen. You can find the 140 00:08:40,200 --> 00:08:44,320 Speaker 1: link in the description. If you haven't gotten your fill 141 00:08:44,360 --> 00:08:47,839 Speaker 1: of history after listening to today's episode, you can follow 142 00:08:48,000 --> 00:08:52,400 Speaker 1: us on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook at t d I 143 00:08:52,880 --> 00:08:56,840 Speaker 1: h C podcast. Thanks again for listening and we'll see 144 00:08:56,880 --> 00:09:06,839 Speaker 1: you tomorrow. Yeah yeah. For more podcasts from I Heeart Radio, 145 00:09:06,960 --> 00:09:09,560 Speaker 1: visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you 146 00:09:09,600 --> 00:09:10,720 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows.