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Speaker 1: Welcome to Creature feature production of I Heart Radio. I'm

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Speaker 1: your host of Many Parasites, Katie Golden. I studied psychology

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Speaker 1: and evolutionary biology, and I have a secret brother or

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Speaker 1: a litinum out of the basement to be my guest

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Speaker 1: today because we're going to talk about animal siblings. The

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Speaker 1: sibling bond is strong in nature for better or for worse,

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Speaker 1: from siblicide to an army of cooperative carnivorous siblings. We're

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Speaker 1: gonna see if any of these animals capture our very

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Speaker 1: own sibling dynamic. From baby sharks to millipedes, congo lines,

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Speaker 1: and parasite thunderdomes. We're gonna finally answer the angel question. Mom,

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Speaker 1: he's on my side. Can you tell him to stop?

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Speaker 1: Joining today is brother of the podcast and myself, my brother,

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Speaker 1: Aaron Golden. Hey, how's it going. I am doing well.

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Speaker 1: How are you good? Good? Good? It's been a while

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Speaker 1: since we talked. I think we talked like two hours ago.

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Speaker 1: It was a wild guy. It's it's been rough. It's

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Speaker 1: been rough two hours, but been rough. Yeah. How would

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Speaker 1: you describe our dynamic in front of a nationwide audience? Oh? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: not on the spot at all. I mean, you know,

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Speaker 1: it's a I feel very lucky to have a sister

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Speaker 1: like you, not to not to get to cornball, but

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Speaker 1: cornball is my default. Did I tell you we're live

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Speaker 1: in front of like five billion people right now, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: like of the world's population. Yeah. I think we are

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Speaker 1: very lucky. We didn't really fight that much growing up.

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Speaker 1: All of our fights were pretty minor, you know, tickle fights,

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Speaker 1: me attacking you with a badminton bat, so, you know,

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Speaker 1: not really anything too serious. I do think it's interesting

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Speaker 1: because both for humans and in the natural world, you know,

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Speaker 1: sibling relationships, they can be very different. They can range

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Speaker 1: from being really kind and nice and getting along together too,

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Speaker 1: you know, straight up sibilicide, right. Yeah. I mean, I

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Speaker 1: don't want you to take this the wrong way, but

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Speaker 1: I do have a whole section on siblicide uh animals

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Speaker 1: that I can I can handle it. I think control

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Speaker 1: my imagination here, and that's good. I'm we surprise set up.

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Speaker 1: I am the younger sister, you are the older brother.

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Speaker 1: We are separated by two years of blessed silence that

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Speaker 1: you had before I entered the scene and started making

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Speaker 1: her cousin a ruckus. Apparently you were the loud baby

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Speaker 1: like I I was, in fact quiet, yes, quiet and calm.

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Speaker 1: I understood that in order to assert myself, I had

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Speaker 1: to cry a lot, in order to remind everyone that

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Speaker 1: I exist. I too need resources. That's set up my

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Speaker 1: whole career, right, Like, this is me on the podcast,

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Speaker 1: is just me demanding people recognize I exist. Like, hey,

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Speaker 1: you can hear my voice, right, give me resources and

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Speaker 1: tell tell me you love me. Sure? Yeah, I mean

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Speaker 1: nothing ever really changes, right, yeah, yeah, it really doesn't.

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Speaker 1: Um And yeah, I'm I'm really excited to have you

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Speaker 1: on the podcast to talk about animal siblings. I feel

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Speaker 1: like this will this will lead to some fun story,

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Speaker 1: like we'll be talking about sharks, and then we'll talk

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Speaker 1: about like, hey, remember that time, you know that time

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Speaker 1: that those other two siblings we had aid each other

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Speaker 1: and oh yeah that's right, I don't remember, isn't young?

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Speaker 1: But yeah, that's when Yeah there was a feeding frenzy. Well,

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Speaker 1: speaking of siblings destroying each other, killing each other, devouring

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Speaker 1: each other while inside the womb, all you know, great topics.

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Speaker 1: We're going to talk about intra uterine cannibalism. That's cannibalism

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Speaker 1: coming to a womb near you. So that is when

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Speaker 1: babies inside the womb eat each other. Now, there is

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Speaker 1: a myth that human babies do this sometimes that you

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Speaker 1: will eat your siblings this or like a twin, like

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Speaker 1: oh I ate my twin. Um. That doesn't actually happen

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Speaker 1: in humans. Usually what happens is like if you have

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Speaker 1: twins and one of the embryos dies, it just gets

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Speaker 1: reabsorbed into the uterus. It's not like one twin doesn't

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Speaker 1: eat the other. It doesn't seem like embryos or you know,

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Speaker 1: early development humans have a mouth or digestic capable of that. Right,

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Speaker 1: I'm not exactly sure how the mechanics of that would

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Speaker 1: play out, Right, how do you even believe that myth?

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Speaker 1: Like when you think about it, I mean, I guess

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Speaker 1: I can imagine just a little fetus with those little

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Speaker 1: teeny tiny hands grabbing on and then just sort of

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Speaker 1: you know, slowly corn cob. But that is that doesn't

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Speaker 1: really happen. But it does. It does happen with other animals,

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Speaker 1: including the baby sand tiger sharks. So sand tiger sharks

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Speaker 1: as adults are quite big. They can grow to be

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Speaker 1: over ten feet long, which is three meters. They have

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Speaker 1: sharp teeth, pointy snouts. They range from grayish brown to

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Speaker 1: gray in coloration, and they're very fierce looking. Despite being

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Speaker 1: so frightening looking, they're actually pretty non aggressive, especially towards humans.

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Speaker 1: There have been no cases of human fatalities with these sharks,

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Speaker 1: so yeah, pretty pretty shy, not murdery sharks, not to

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Speaker 1: say that they aren't cold blooded murderers when it comes

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Speaker 1: to their own flesh and blood. So, these are sharks

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Speaker 1: that give live birth, and inside of the female sharks

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Speaker 1: uterus there is something of a baby shark thunder dome,

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Speaker 1: so she will have multiple embryos, but typically only gives

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Speaker 1: birth to one or two out of like a dozen embryos.

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Speaker 1: And that is because the victors eat all of their siblings.

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Speaker 1: And I've shared with you a photo of one of

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Speaker 1: these embryos, and you were mentioning earlier like, oh, well,

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Speaker 1: baby humans, like they don't really have much of a mouth.

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Speaker 1: They don't have like teeth, Like, how would they eat

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Speaker 1: each other? Well, looking at these this photo is that

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Speaker 1: is a very very mouthy uh just right there. Yes,

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Speaker 1: it has teeth and quite a large mouth, all all

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Speaker 1: for eating its brothers and sisters all up and so

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Speaker 1: that way it can get big and strong, and it's

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Speaker 1: just like it is so bizarre, you know, if you imagine,

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Speaker 1: like you get an ultrasound and you have like twelve

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Speaker 1: embryos in there, and then a week later there's tin

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Speaker 1: and then a week later there's five. But two of

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Speaker 1: them are getting bigger and stronger looking all the time.

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Speaker 1: It's like, oh, I wonder, oh, now there are only three,

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Speaker 1: and now they're only two. My question then about this

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Speaker 1: is are the eggs all fertilized at the same time, Like,

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Speaker 1: is there a first mover advantage right and in in

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Speaker 1: the womb as I imagine, you know, if they're all

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Speaker 1: growing at the same at exactly the same time, then

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Speaker 1: it is truly like a survival of the of the

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Speaker 1: murderous I suppose, but I don't actually know. That's a

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Speaker 1: very good question, and it's actually very interesting because the

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Speaker 1: female santiger shark will mate with multiple males, so siblings

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Speaker 1: may not even have the same father. And that's a

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Speaker 1: big explanation for why there's so much siblicide, because they're

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Speaker 1: they're only half related and they are competing with each other. Basically,

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Speaker 1: it is a way for sharks to have sort of

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Speaker 1: a selective pressure before the shark is even born. So

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Speaker 1: the female shark actually doesn't have even though she has

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Speaker 1: like can have twelve embryos developing in her uterous, she

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Speaker 1: doesn't actually have that much yoke and nutrition to feed

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Speaker 1: that many embryos. So it's necessary for them to eat

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Speaker 1: each other. So it's like, yeah, there, it's truly brutal

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Speaker 1: because yes, they have to do it. And what this

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Speaker 1: does is it not only means that she doesn't have

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Speaker 1: to give a bunch of resources to like twelve embryos,

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Speaker 1: some of whom may come out and not be fit

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Speaker 1: and be killed off by another animal that has none

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Speaker 1: of her genes, So like, why why give that nutrition

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Speaker 1: to some strange animal that has nothing to do with

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Speaker 1: your genetic lineage? Uh? It is it creates like basically, okay,

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Speaker 1: already at this point, the point before you're even born,

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Speaker 1: we are having evolutionary pressure for only the fittest to

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Speaker 1: emerge from the womb. And it's just brutally efficient, yes,

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Speaker 1: And that way the female shark can mate with multiple

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Speaker 1: male sharks. And basically it's similar to sperm competition at

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Speaker 1: the level of you know, the strongest sperm will fertilize

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Speaker 1: the egg. In this case, it's just a step up

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Speaker 1: where it's the strongest embryos will emerge, and that's gonna

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Speaker 1: be more effective because it actually has at least some

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Speaker 1: correlation to the baby sharks ability to survive. I mean, yes, yes,

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Speaker 1: it's some cold logic, cold nature logic right there. Right.

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Speaker 1: Can you imagine that if our parents had just been

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Speaker 1: given us like a pair of swords and sent us

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Speaker 1: into like this little colicy, like all right, fight it

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Speaker 1: out every once, gets dinner again. But then again, it's

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Speaker 1: just imagining human babies, these little clumsy, little fat, little

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Speaker 1: balls of physical ineptitude. Is yeah, is comical. I don't

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Speaker 1: want to you give them a little helm and sword

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Speaker 1: shield you kind of falling over. I don't want to

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Speaker 1: keep bringing this up because it's been almost like like

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Speaker 1: almost thirty years. But you did drop a can of

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Speaker 1: soup on my head. It's true. I did drop a

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Speaker 1: can of soup on your head. I admit it. I

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Speaker 1: think I was four. You were too. I think that. Okay,

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Speaker 1: that makes sense. You were juggling some cans of soup

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Speaker 1: as as you do, because you're like, you know, I

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Speaker 1: were cartoonishly Dickensie and children juggling cans of Yeah. You know,

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Speaker 1: we we didn't have anything fancy like balls, so it

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Speaker 1: was the hands of beans that we had. We had

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Speaker 1: to play with cans of beans. Yeah, I remember all

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Speaker 1: Canabeans soccer called Garbonza Garba the doll Cannabians. Yeah, we

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Speaker 1: had a very Cannabians based we didn't. I feel like

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Speaker 1: I have to say I thought, okay, alright, that we

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Speaker 1: had a wonderful childhood other than other than you dropping

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Speaker 1: soup on my head accidentally, quote allegedly, quote unquote acidentally.

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Speaker 1: It was indeed an accident. I did not mean to

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Speaker 1: drop the can on your head. In fact, in fact,

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Speaker 1: as dumb as I was as a four year old,

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Speaker 1: I was just juggling the can. And if and if

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Speaker 1: I recall, which I probably don't because I was four,

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Speaker 1: you crawled up underneath me that I was juggling, So

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Speaker 1: you know I wasn't. This wasn't a case of reckless

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Speaker 1: endangerment here. I was minded my own can juggling business.

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Speaker 1: Yeah I was. I was stunting a little bit. I

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Speaker 1: was trying to do a little bit of a stunt,

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Speaker 1: you know, like like while you're juggling, I'll do the

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Speaker 1: worm underneath some cool flips and stunts, and then you

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Speaker 1: did drop. You did drop. This would have been a

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Speaker 1: great hit me. It would have been great that soup

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Speaker 1: did hit me. Um our mom did freak out and

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Speaker 1: we rushed to the hospital. Yeah. I did get stitches.

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Speaker 1: You were terrified because when they said that I had

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Speaker 1: to get stitches, you thought it meant they had to

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Speaker 1: stitch my eyes closed. Oh yeah, I had some I

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Speaker 1: had some horrific like hell rasor level like imagery of

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Speaker 1: you're going to come out of this, yeah, with like

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Speaker 1: without a face, Yeah, just like horror show giant like

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Speaker 1: twine right, stitching your entire eyes. Yeah, I was just

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Speaker 1: like and then you'd wake up in the middle of

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Speaker 1: the night with me like at the foot of your

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Speaker 1: bed going you did this as a kid. Well, fortunately

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Speaker 1: we're not baby eagles, which is my seg away into

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Speaker 1: the next section, because baby baby raptors, like bald eagles,

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Speaker 1: will often try to kill each other by the age

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Speaker 1: old tactic of definestration. Oh yeah, So what's interesting is

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Speaker 1: that with the baby sharks, it's basically like food competition, right,

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Speaker 1: There's like not enough food to go around, they have

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Speaker 1: to enter into the womb thunderdome twelve ter, only one

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Speaker 1: or two come out. For baby eagles and other raptors.

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Speaker 1: It's not necessarily in response to food shortage, but due

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Speaker 1: to population density and the favorability of competitive chicks. And

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Speaker 1: this is called kane ism, cane enable, that'll, that'll fun

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Speaker 1: folk tale, and it's so often what happens with bald

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Speaker 1: eagle babies is there will be two eggs and two chicks,

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Speaker 1: and mysteriously only one chick ends up making it to adulthood.

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Speaker 1: And there was this was actually caught on camera once.

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Speaker 1: There was a popular webcam that was like set up

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Speaker 1: to show like baby bald eagle chicks. It's like, oh, look,

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Speaker 1: how cute there, because when you look they are adorable.

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Speaker 1: They're like these little fluffy poofballs. I should have a

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Speaker 1: picture of that for you to look at. They just look,

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Speaker 1: I'm looking at these little mischievous little balls. One of

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Speaker 1: them's most likely one of them is going to murder

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Speaker 1: the other. So yeah, you can if you look deep

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Speaker 1: into their eyes, I think you can kind of see, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: which one's gonna which one's the murder. The quote from

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Speaker 1: this Live Science article about this bald eagle chick webcam

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Speaker 1: is that quote although three chicks hatched, regular viewers noticed

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Speaker 1: one day that a chick was missing and never returned.

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Speaker 1: The article is titled quote eagle chicks allegedly kill siblings

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Speaker 1: on webcamp, which I like, I'm glad that they're presuming

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Speaker 1: in a sence in that case. That's just like journalistic

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Speaker 1: integrity right there. In raptors and and also in other animals,

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Speaker 1: there's actually two types of kanism the killing of siblings.

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Speaker 1: So there is obligate kanism, meaning that one sibling almost

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Speaker 1: inevitably kills the other. And what's interesting about this is

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Speaker 1: this is usually in larger, longer living species like bald eagles, uh,

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Speaker 1: they will lay only two eggs uh And basically one

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Speaker 1: of the eggs is just insurance against infertility in one

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Speaker 1: egg or the early death of one sibling. And the

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Speaker 1: problem with how trying to raise two of these two adulthood,

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Speaker 1: first of all, is competition as adults. You know, you

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Speaker 1: can't really ensure that they will be able to be

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Speaker 1: competitive as adults with um the amount of resources they

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Speaker 1: need as these huge birds. So the better gamble is

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Speaker 1: actually to only raise one offspring give it all of

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Speaker 1: your resources and have that one grew up to be

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Speaker 1: big and strong and the uh just like this absolute

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Speaker 1: unit of a baby eagle growing to adulthood. Because if

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Speaker 1: you try to strain your resources and have to grow

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Speaker 1: to adulthood, and they're also going to be competing for

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Speaker 1: resources into adulthood, the chance that both will fail is

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Speaker 1: more than they will both succeed, and is less than

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Speaker 1: if you had just like invested everything into one chick.

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Speaker 1: So they will both Basically, both chicks are going to

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Speaker 1: try to oust the other. And this is kind of

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Speaker 1: interesting though, because it does show a little bit of

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Speaker 1: how evolution can be somewhat absurd, right, which is why

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Speaker 1: not just have one chick at a time? Well, again,

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Speaker 1: that's it's thought that having two chicks is insurance. Like

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Speaker 1: if one of you spend all these resources mating and

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Speaker 1: laying eggs, finding a partner, and then you lay your eggs,

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Speaker 1: if the one egg you lay is not fertile and

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Speaker 1: you have to invest again into mating and laying more eggs,

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Speaker 1: you're basically ensuring first of all, that at least one

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Speaker 1: of the eggs will hatch, and then if they both hatch,

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Speaker 1: if one of them dies early on, then you have

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Speaker 1: a backup. So true, So it would be interesting, like

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Speaker 1: what the statistics on the odds of dying before the

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Speaker 1: chicks are guests? I guess like programmed to murder the

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Speaker 1: other words? Right, So yeah, that's actually really interesting and

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Speaker 1: I wonder I wonder too, like if if that strategy

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Speaker 1: is generally successful among I would assume birds may be

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Speaker 1: higher up on the food chain. Well, so well. I

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Speaker 1: guess the question though, is do the parents of the birds,

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Speaker 1: like the mothers, murder their own babies to accomplish the

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Speaker 1: same thing, or is it just the siblings that murder

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Speaker 1: each other. It's in bald eagles, I think generally it

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Speaker 1: is the siblings that murder each other. There are certainly

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Speaker 1: cases in animals where the parents will kill their offspring

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Speaker 1: basically to give them so resources, uh, and to ensure

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Speaker 1: that they're not spreading all their resources too thin, and

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Speaker 1: so they are ensuring the best survival for both themselves

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Speaker 1: and the offspring that are stronger. And there's a lot

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Speaker 1: of cases where it's just basically a free for all,

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Speaker 1: like they give birth to a bunch of offspring and

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Speaker 1: then and then murder right exactly because they have so many.

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Speaker 1: Like this happens in frogs a lot. They just have

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Speaker 1: so many. You can have a few as a snack.

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Speaker 1: It's okay for for bald eagles. It's interesting because I

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Speaker 1: think the reason that the the parents don't generally facilitate

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Speaker 1: the the fratricide the siblic side is that it also

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Speaker 1: is a similar concept as with the with the sharks,

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Speaker 1: where you are making sure that the by having the

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Speaker 1: siblings fight it out, the stronger one will emerge victorious.

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Speaker 1: Interesting or even if it isn't strang it dependent because

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Speaker 1: a sneaky little nudge may not necessarily intelligence strength or

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Speaker 1: like to pass it on. So that's actually that's actually

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Speaker 1: interesting because it could simply be that when it's the

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Speaker 1: sibling that does it mm hmm, by its own nature,

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Speaker 1: that sibling is that does the murder is more likely

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Speaker 1: to then pass it on. Right, that's true. I mean

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Speaker 1: that is sort of the the essence of of evolution,

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Speaker 1: where genes don't have an overall plan, it's just either

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Speaker 1: they get passed on. That's really interesting. I hadn't ever

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Speaker 1: really thought about that. That's there's also a facultative kanism,

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Speaker 1: so that's when fighting occurs between siblings that sometimes results

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Speaker 1: in murder, but not by necessity. So this happens in

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Speaker 1: a lot of This happens in a lot of birds,

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Speaker 1: even in raptor species. Generally these are shorter lived birds

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Speaker 1: with larger clutches, so more eggs laid. And then basically

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Speaker 1: it's they can fight, sometimes they even kill each other,

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Speaker 1: but they don't have to, and that it's it's interesting

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Speaker 1: because like with the larger uh smaller populations of birds,

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Speaker 1: it's kind of more of a risky investment thing because

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Speaker 1: you're investing a lot of your resources into one offspring

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Speaker 1: to really succeed, and so the fact that you're the

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Speaker 1: best gambles for them to like, Okay, i gotta shove

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Speaker 1: this sibling out so I'm the only one getting all

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Speaker 1: the resources and then I'm gonna live along and prosperous

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Speaker 1: life hopefully, because I'm gigantic and basically, you know, I'm

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Speaker 1: a living dinosaur. I'm here to rick ruin your lives.

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Speaker 1: But with smaller birds, it's like, okay, we're diversifying our

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Speaker 1: investment because we're smaller. We're you know, once like once

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Speaker 1: you reach adult hood, you're not really necessarily an apex

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Speaker 1: predator like a bald eagle is. So if you're an

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Speaker 1: apex predator, if you're once you reach adulthood, you're basically

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Speaker 1: good as long as you can find food. Uh. And

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Speaker 1: so again it's like by having this canism, you're eliminating competition.

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Speaker 1: You're investing all of that into getting that chick to adulthood.

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Speaker 1: And by having not, by only having one offspring, you're

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Speaker 1: limiting the population. So there's not as much competition for

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Speaker 1: resources because you're so huge, and you need lots of

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Speaker 1: lots of things, lots of little tiny mammals to get

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Speaker 1: in your mouth, and lizards and fish and all sorts

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Speaker 1: of things. There's this video of a bald eagle who

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Speaker 1: caught a fish and it's just like trying to pull

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Speaker 1: it out of the water, but it's slopping swim with

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Speaker 1: this fish and it looks very embarrassed to have been caught,

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Speaker 1: so undignified. Right now, so he's filming me at this moment,

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Speaker 1: Mint of all moments. The other day I had the

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Speaker 1: greatest kill. No no photographers. Then right, well, one more

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Speaker 1: story about sibili side and move on at this I'm

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Speaker 1: not this is not I don't want you to feel

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Speaker 1: like this is like a subliminal messaging or anything, or

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Speaker 1: or indicative of any problem, Like, oh, you know, we're

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Speaker 1: just just a podcast episode that feel, and we're gonna

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Speaker 1: really take deep. Hello, brother, would you like to join

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Speaker 1: me on my podcast about sibili side? I have only

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Speaker 1: the bestest of intentions, dear brother. Yeah, I feel like, yeah,

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Speaker 1: you could ham it up and get get real dark.

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Speaker 1: So what we do on the podcast get real dark?

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Speaker 1: So um oh yeah, cannibal morph babies. That sounds like

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Speaker 1: a cool, like a fun like TV show, you know,

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Speaker 1: like teenage mutant ninja turtles, like salamander cannibal morph babies. Well,

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Speaker 1: let's think of a salamander cannibal morph babies here to

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Speaker 1: eat their bros. Yeah, there you go, I think. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: So salamanders and newts and also acts ladles all have

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Speaker 1: a amphibious larval stage. And what's interesting, so quick thing,

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Speaker 1: Acts ladles are just like salamander and newt young, except

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Speaker 1: they just never grow out of it. They are always

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Speaker 1: in that aquatic juvenile stage. They never reached their terrestrial stage.

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Speaker 1: That's a whole interesting topic. I think we've covered before.

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Speaker 1: But yeah, just a quick reminder, Acts ladles, permanent peter

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Speaker 1: Pan versions of salamander and nut. Yeah, the Silicon Valley,

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Speaker 1: uh animal just yeah, the the Zuckerberg's of the salamander

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Speaker 1: and newt world. This thing I'm going to talk about,

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Speaker 1: the cannibal morph babies happens in baby newts, baby salamanders,

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Speaker 1: and young axelttles as well, and they all have this.

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Speaker 1: I mean, if you've seen an axe a lottle, you

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Speaker 1: know what a young salamander or newt looks like in

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Speaker 1: their aquatic stage. It's sort of similar to how frogs

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Speaker 1: have tadpoles and those are their aquatic stage. Salamanders and

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Speaker 1: newts have a aquatic larval stage where they have these

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Speaker 1: like weird branching lungs that kind of look like that

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Speaker 1: come out of their gill slits. There these feathery gills

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Speaker 1: and they swim around in the water and they are

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Speaker 1: very cute. But a little less cute is the fact

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Speaker 1: that there will be there's like a screaming kid out there.

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Speaker 1: Can you guys hear that? It'll be flavor. It'll be

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Speaker 1: like NPR esque flavor or it's like you know, sound

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Speaker 1: effects of like and the children eat each other. Anyways,

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Speaker 1: what was I saying. Oh, but the insidious thing about

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Speaker 1: these little cute stitch like aquatic creatures is that they

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Speaker 1: have a cannibal morph, a cannibal babies. So cannibal morphs

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Speaker 1: are a version of these babies that have in large teeth,

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Speaker 1: wide heads and mouths, slender bodies, and they will eat

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Speaker 1: their brethren and sister and sister and is not a word,

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Speaker 1: but you know they eat They eat their siblings, They

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Speaker 1: eat other babies, salamanders, other baby newts. I mean it

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Speaker 1: would be like if human babies, Like you have your

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Speaker 1: normal squishy, little human baby, but then a baby born

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Speaker 1: with just a giant mouth and sharp teeth eats other babies. Well,

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Speaker 1: so do they develop into that though it's not like

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Speaker 1: just some of them. Do they all go through the

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Speaker 1: stage or do you know? Not? Only some of them do.

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Speaker 1: And it's due to environmental triggers. So when there is

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Speaker 1: starvation or crowded environments, there seems to be some like

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Speaker 1: environmental stress hormone that triggers this growth in certain salamanders, uh,

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Speaker 1: certain of certain juvenile salamanders new snacks, lattels, um and

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Speaker 1: but there's a more recent study that found that there

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Speaker 1: being maybe more environmental factors at play, because some populations

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Speaker 1: ended up having all cannibals. It's a little bit mysterious,

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Speaker 1: like what exactly what is happening in the water that

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Speaker 1: turns all the babies into cannibals. Interesting. It's like there's

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Speaker 1: some evil axilotles that are planning the purge andpending on

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Speaker 1: what they want. You know, it's like this year, this year,

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Speaker 1: it's all it's gonna be oops, all cannibals, And when

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Speaker 1: one cannibal more happens, more are likely to follow, which

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Speaker 1: makes a lot of sense because like once one of

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Speaker 1: you decides to be accountable, it's like, Okay, well I

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Speaker 1: guess I better start eating other people too, otherwise I'm

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Speaker 1: gonna be you know, if it's gonna be that way,

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Speaker 1: they're gonna play it like that then yeah, it's just

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Speaker 1: like we're all gonna be pac Man. Now, that'd be

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Speaker 1: crazy game. Everyone's pac Man. You know, it's gotta it's

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Speaker 1: gotta be out there, it's gotta be there's gotta be

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Speaker 1: a pac Man melee. Yeah, all the it seems like

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Speaker 1: the games that are generating all the memes these days

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Speaker 1: is among us and fall guys. Yeah, oh yeah, I've

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00:28:40,400 --> 00:28:43,520
Speaker 1: heard of among us. Yeah, fall guys. I tried fall guys.

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Speaker 1: I do like the evolutionary biology angle of fall guys,

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Speaker 1: where it's just absolute chaos every all these little floppy

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Speaker 1: things struggling to get you. You're a little spermatozoa trying

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Speaker 1: to make its way to the exactly it's it's really

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Speaker 1: just a fertilization simulator. It's always comes back to that,

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Speaker 1: doesn't it. Yeah, really, that's what it is. You're just

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Speaker 1: trying to make your way to the right at the

423
00:29:11,840 --> 00:29:14,320
Speaker 1: end of the tunnel there, and there's always these giant

424
00:29:14,400 --> 00:29:18,120
Speaker 1: swinging hammers that try to stop you. Yeah, I'm pretty sure. Yeah,

425
00:29:18,160 --> 00:29:31,440
Speaker 1: that's anatomically correct. The big scrotch dude. Well, it's not

426
00:29:31,480 --> 00:29:35,280
Speaker 1: true that human fetuses eat each other in vitro. That

427
00:29:35,320 --> 00:29:39,680
Speaker 1: doesn't mean there isn't at times pretty unusual situations when

428
00:29:39,760 --> 00:29:45,040
Speaker 1: it comes to twins. Identical twins monozygotic twins occur when

429
00:29:45,040 --> 00:29:49,000
Speaker 1: of fertilized eggs splits in two and each half develops

430
00:29:49,000 --> 00:29:53,520
Speaker 1: a fetus. That's an unusual occurrence itself, but sometimes the

431
00:29:53,600 --> 00:29:57,680
Speaker 1: egg does not fully split. A partial duplication of the

432
00:29:57,760 --> 00:30:01,200
Speaker 1: zygote can result in a pair of citic twin and

433
00:30:01,480 --> 00:30:05,840
Speaker 1: underdeveloped twin that lives off the fully developed twin. The

434
00:30:05,880 --> 00:30:08,920
Speaker 1: parasitic twin usually does not have a brain or many

435
00:30:08,960 --> 00:30:13,280
Speaker 1: functional organs. They can range from being nearly a massive cells,

436
00:30:13,440 --> 00:30:17,800
Speaker 1: two entire legs, torsos, and in very rare cases, parts

437
00:30:17,800 --> 00:30:21,239
Speaker 1: of a human head attached and fully dependent on the

438
00:30:21,280 --> 00:30:24,880
Speaker 1: dominant twin. This is truly a one in a million

439
00:30:24,920 --> 00:30:29,240
Speaker 1: occurrence and can also mean a very risky medical procedure

440
00:30:29,320 --> 00:30:32,440
Speaker 1: to save the life of the dominant twin, especially as

441
00:30:32,480 --> 00:30:36,520
Speaker 1: it's so rare that insight into best surgical techniques is limited.

442
00:30:37,000 --> 00:30:39,080
Speaker 1: We're gonna take a quick break and return on a

443
00:30:39,120 --> 00:30:43,760
Speaker 1: happier note. Siblings getting along with congolines and old factory

444
00:30:43,880 --> 00:30:49,480
Speaker 1: family fund. Aaron and I get along pretty well, but

445
00:30:49,560 --> 00:30:52,040
Speaker 1: it's not like we didn't have our arguments as kids,

446
00:30:52,440 --> 00:30:55,920
Speaker 1: and this is fairly common amongst siblings. According to a

447
00:30:56,040 --> 00:30:59,640
Speaker 1: University of Toronto study, siblings that around two to four

448
00:30:59,720 --> 00:31:03,600
Speaker 1: years old have a fight every ten minutes. So maybe

449
00:31:03,640 --> 00:31:05,960
Speaker 1: to teach your kids to get along, they'll need to

450
00:31:06,000 --> 00:31:10,120
Speaker 1: learn a lesson from well frogs. So, now that we've

451
00:31:10,200 --> 00:31:16,240
Speaker 1: gotten the sticky topic of siblicide out of the way,

452
00:31:16,440 --> 00:31:18,560
Speaker 1: you know, we've got it's it's always good to kind

453
00:31:18,560 --> 00:31:21,280
Speaker 1: of like get get out that like oh you know,

454
00:31:21,440 --> 00:31:23,720
Speaker 1: like I want to murder you, blah blah blah, that

455
00:31:23,880 --> 00:31:28,280
Speaker 1: stuff that's always just beneath the surface of siblings, buried,

456
00:31:29,000 --> 00:31:34,080
Speaker 1: buried and bottled up. Yeah, very skin deep. Yeah. Now

457
00:31:34,120 --> 00:31:37,840
Speaker 1: I want to talk about siblings that get along. I

458
00:31:37,880 --> 00:31:41,280
Speaker 1: think it's interesting because I mean, there are obviously lots

459
00:31:41,320 --> 00:31:45,520
Speaker 1: of animals where siblings get along, like in Orca's siblings

460
00:31:45,640 --> 00:31:49,520
Speaker 1: form these bonds and they hunt together, and Cheetah's whole

461
00:31:49,560 --> 00:31:52,240
Speaker 1: bands of brothers will go out into the world and

462
00:31:52,320 --> 00:31:56,520
Speaker 1: hunt together, and and lions sisters stay together basically their

463
00:31:56,560 --> 00:32:01,000
Speaker 1: whole lives, and uh form these prides. And it's so

464
00:32:01,320 --> 00:32:05,960
Speaker 1: you know, I think although there's obviously times when siblings compete,

465
00:32:06,000 --> 00:32:09,520
Speaker 1: sometimes they work together, but I think we sometimes think

466
00:32:09,520 --> 00:32:12,480
Speaker 1: about like, oh, it's these it's sort of these more intelligent,

467
00:32:12,640 --> 00:32:15,840
Speaker 1: like emotional animals that would ever develop a bond with

468
00:32:15,880 --> 00:32:18,440
Speaker 1: a sibling, right, because you think about like even with lines,

469
00:32:18,520 --> 00:32:21,040
Speaker 1: like you know, they like like to nuzzle each other. Sure,

470
00:32:21,080 --> 00:32:24,920
Speaker 1: their bloodthirsty, but they they have emotions, right, they can

471
00:32:25,040 --> 00:32:28,080
Speaker 1: feel affection for each other when you look at a frog,

472
00:32:28,200 --> 00:32:31,200
Speaker 1: You're like, this frog doesn't have anything going on. It's

473
00:32:31,200 --> 00:32:34,560
Speaker 1: not gonna like recognize a brother or a sister and

474
00:32:34,640 --> 00:32:37,920
Speaker 1: get along and like, you know, have little like froggy

475
00:32:38,000 --> 00:32:42,040
Speaker 1: tea parties sitting on toadstools and catching up and sipping

476
00:32:42,200 --> 00:32:45,400
Speaker 1: tea out of like acorn cups. But you'd be wrong

477
00:32:45,720 --> 00:32:49,080
Speaker 1: to think that, because it's not true. Well they don't.

478
00:32:49,160 --> 00:32:51,880
Speaker 1: They don't have little tea parties, but not that you

479
00:32:51,960 --> 00:32:54,120
Speaker 1: know of, not that you know of. You're just not

480
00:32:54,160 --> 00:32:58,480
Speaker 1: invited to them. I'm sorry to say. But cascade frogs

481
00:32:58,600 --> 00:33:02,520
Speaker 1: are these normal looking frogs with brown skin. They're found

482
00:33:02,600 --> 00:33:05,680
Speaker 1: in the Pacific Northwest. They're they're just like your typical

483
00:33:05,800 --> 00:33:10,480
Speaker 1: little frog, little froggy, and they have been studied and

484
00:33:10,520 --> 00:33:15,320
Speaker 1: found to recognize siblings and show a preference for spending

485
00:33:15,400 --> 00:33:19,800
Speaker 1: time with their siblings, regardless of which tadpoles they've been

486
00:33:19,920 --> 00:33:24,640
Speaker 1: raised with. So they have some kind of sibling sonar

487
00:33:24,760 --> 00:33:28,520
Speaker 1: where they can sniff out their blood relatives, and when

488
00:33:28,560 --> 00:33:30,960
Speaker 1: they meet up with their blood relatives, they like to

489
00:33:31,120 --> 00:33:33,200
Speaker 1: they show a preference for them. They like to hang

490
00:33:33,200 --> 00:33:41,200
Speaker 1: out in a non competitive way. Fascinating. Yeah, which because

491
00:33:41,200 --> 00:33:44,440
Speaker 1: like it's interesting I don't know if they've found like

492
00:33:44,640 --> 00:33:50,080
Speaker 1: what they're smelling, like what that sibling signifier is. But

493
00:33:50,160 --> 00:33:52,440
Speaker 1: it is really interesting that they do have some kind

494
00:33:52,480 --> 00:33:55,480
Speaker 1: of way to detect so they actually don't know how

495
00:33:55,520 --> 00:33:59,800
Speaker 1: they detect it yet. It's it's no un We've just

496
00:34:00,000 --> 00:34:05,400
Speaker 1: observed it. That's that's interesting. Yeah, Um, which like makes

497
00:34:05,440 --> 00:34:09,840
Speaker 1: me wonder because sometimes you hear about these stories of

498
00:34:10,080 --> 00:34:14,200
Speaker 1: twins and like, uh, they've been separated at birth and

499
00:34:14,239 --> 00:34:17,000
Speaker 1: then they get back together and they find they have

500
00:34:17,080 --> 00:34:20,200
Speaker 1: all this stuff in common, Like they're very similar, their

501
00:34:20,239 --> 00:34:24,719
Speaker 1: habits are very similar. Uh, it's really uh. And then

502
00:34:24,719 --> 00:34:28,040
Speaker 1: like there's also stuff about like twins having like very

503
00:34:28,040 --> 00:34:32,080
Speaker 1: eerily similar emotional reactions to things. So it is it

504
00:34:32,200 --> 00:34:35,560
Speaker 1: is interesting that in nature there seems to be some

505
00:34:35,640 --> 00:34:39,839
Speaker 1: kind of innate recognition for some animals where they can

506
00:34:39,840 --> 00:34:42,719
Speaker 1: just like, Okay, that's that's my that's my brother, that's

507
00:34:42,760 --> 00:34:45,560
Speaker 1: my sister. I can chill out around them. Do we

508
00:34:45,640 --> 00:34:49,120
Speaker 1: have any like do we have anything that we share?

509
00:34:50,960 --> 00:34:54,879
Speaker 1: I've heard that we laugh similarly. Yeah, I mean it's hard.

510
00:34:55,440 --> 00:35:00,640
Speaker 1: It's hard from when you're on the inside to yeah,

511
00:35:00,680 --> 00:35:04,000
Speaker 1: people say we all sorts of things that I mean,

512
00:35:04,120 --> 00:35:08,160
Speaker 1: people tell me, Oh, it's it's really obvious that Katie's

513
00:35:08,160 --> 00:35:10,279
Speaker 1: your sister. But yeah, it's hard for me to tell

514
00:35:10,320 --> 00:35:15,240
Speaker 1: because it feels, you know, I feel like a different person.

515
00:35:15,880 --> 00:35:18,120
Speaker 1: But yeah, we we have similar laughs. I guess we

516
00:35:18,160 --> 00:35:20,720
Speaker 1: look the same. I don't know, we don't look anything.

517
00:35:20,840 --> 00:35:25,600
Speaker 1: Are you kidding? You have a beard right, that the

518
00:35:25,600 --> 00:35:31,719
Speaker 1: beard is different? That's no. But like we have similar expressions,

519
00:35:31,760 --> 00:35:35,719
Speaker 1: which I think is interesting because we like, there's some

520
00:35:35,800 --> 00:35:38,719
Speaker 1: photos of us where apparently we're like reacting to the

521
00:35:38,760 --> 00:35:44,040
Speaker 1: same things. We have the same look of either horror

522
00:35:44,239 --> 00:35:48,920
Speaker 1: or finding something funny or discussed or whatever. It's like

523
00:35:48,960 --> 00:35:53,719
Speaker 1: the same expression, which I think is interesting because it's

524
00:35:53,800 --> 00:35:55,840
Speaker 1: it makes me wonder, like how much of that is

525
00:35:55,960 --> 00:36:00,600
Speaker 1: just like because we're genetically very similar, how much is

526
00:36:00,719 --> 00:36:03,680
Speaker 1: of that is just like being raised together? It's you know,

527
00:36:03,800 --> 00:36:07,440
Speaker 1: they're I mean, there's so much argument in psychology and

528
00:36:07,440 --> 00:36:12,560
Speaker 1: evolutionary biology about the nature versus nurture thing, right, But yeah,

529
00:36:12,640 --> 00:36:16,239
Speaker 1: I mean, who knows what the what the breakdown is there?

530
00:36:16,239 --> 00:36:18,400
Speaker 1: I mean, I know, I know in a lot of ways,

531
00:36:18,400 --> 00:36:21,160
Speaker 1: like I pick up say, like verbal things from you.

532
00:36:21,239 --> 00:36:23,319
Speaker 1: I'm pretty sure I just picked them up. I think

533
00:36:23,400 --> 00:36:25,719
Speaker 1: we picked things up from people we talked to a lot.

534
00:36:26,000 --> 00:36:28,960
Speaker 1: I know, I was always picking up picking up your legos,

535
00:36:30,480 --> 00:36:33,000
Speaker 1: talking about picking stuff up from which you're leaving your

536
00:36:33,120 --> 00:36:37,520
Speaker 1: legos all around. Yeah, I got you. I did that,

537
00:36:37,520 --> 00:36:40,280
Speaker 1: that's true, But I don't remember you picking up after

538
00:36:40,360 --> 00:36:48,840
Speaker 1: me so well your legos though, But yeah, yeah, so

539
00:36:48,880 --> 00:36:50,960
Speaker 1: I mean the frogs. I mean, maybe that's just proof

540
00:36:51,040 --> 00:36:54,480
Speaker 1: that all frogs are like psychic and they're all like

541
00:36:54,880 --> 00:36:59,359
Speaker 1: psychic frogs. I'm not surprised. Yeah, that's that. I think

542
00:36:59,400 --> 00:37:04,080
Speaker 1: that's the scientific conclusion. There's right, right, they have I

543
00:37:04,120 --> 00:37:06,439
Speaker 1: have hurt like people do say, like, oh, I can

544
00:37:07,000 --> 00:37:10,640
Speaker 1: feel like they say they have like a psychic bond

545
00:37:10,920 --> 00:37:15,759
Speaker 1: with their twin. I don't necessarily, well, I don't want

546
00:37:15,760 --> 00:37:18,759
Speaker 1: to be like a stick in the mud, but I

547
00:37:18,800 --> 00:37:25,280
Speaker 1: do think one thing that we will. I think it's hogwash,

548
00:37:25,320 --> 00:37:27,880
Speaker 1: but I think it is. I do wonder, though, like

549
00:37:27,960 --> 00:37:32,440
Speaker 1: with twins, if you're that similar and you're raised together,

550
00:37:32,520 --> 00:37:35,200
Speaker 1: so you're you're similar in so many ways that if

551
00:37:35,239 --> 00:37:40,040
Speaker 1: you are presented with a similar environmental factor, that you

552
00:37:40,120 --> 00:37:42,560
Speaker 1: can maybe predict like how the other person is going

553
00:37:42,600 --> 00:37:46,239
Speaker 1: to feel or react with very good accuracy. Because even

554
00:37:46,280 --> 00:37:49,080
Speaker 1: like with you, I feel like I can predict, like

555
00:37:49,160 --> 00:37:53,000
Speaker 1: how you're going to react to something, um extremely accurately

556
00:37:53,000 --> 00:37:56,359
Speaker 1: and like down to like exactly what you're gonna say. Yeah,

557
00:37:56,880 --> 00:38:02,600
Speaker 1: that's it makes sense. That makes sense. See I knew

558
00:38:02,640 --> 00:38:08,279
Speaker 1: what you're gonna very good, well done, well done. I'll

559
00:38:08,400 --> 00:38:12,520
Speaker 1: edit that in post to make it or make your's

560
00:38:12,560 --> 00:38:14,279
Speaker 1: just a little before mine, and then that's a little

561
00:38:14,280 --> 00:38:20,640
Speaker 1: before years bing bang boom, bing bang boom. So I

562
00:38:20,680 --> 00:38:23,200
Speaker 1: do want you to click on a video I've provided

563
00:38:23,239 --> 00:38:28,440
Speaker 1: for you. It is, it says UM, an interesting Russian

564
00:38:28,520 --> 00:38:34,520
Speaker 1: video of a giant caterpillar. What am I looking at? What?

565
00:38:35,440 --> 00:38:39,719
Speaker 1: What was? I don't okay, I gotta watch the aga

566
00:38:39,760 --> 00:38:45,080
Speaker 1: I don't even know. Like so it's like a big

567
00:38:45,120 --> 00:38:50,279
Speaker 1: one in the front and they're they're all like what

568
00:38:50,400 --> 00:38:53,000
Speaker 1: are they? Is? They like munching on each other's tails.

569
00:38:53,120 --> 00:38:59,760
Speaker 1: It's like a train of frogs. You don't look like frogs.

570
00:39:01,120 --> 00:39:07,440
Speaker 1: So what you're actually looking at is a shrewd congo line.

571
00:39:08,800 --> 00:39:15,160
Speaker 1: You are called frogs. I don't know h the I

572
00:39:15,200 --> 00:39:18,799
Speaker 1: don't know why that, but it's a Russian video. Probably

573
00:39:20,560 --> 00:39:23,480
Speaker 1: I just assumed because you just assumed it was frogs.

574
00:39:23,520 --> 00:39:25,120
Speaker 1: I was trying to trick into thinking it was a

575
00:39:25,120 --> 00:39:27,919
Speaker 1: giant caterpillar because it kind of looks like, oh, yeah,

576
00:39:27,920 --> 00:39:30,880
Speaker 1: that makes sense. But it's crazy because it looks like

577
00:39:31,280 --> 00:39:34,240
Speaker 1: there's like a big I guess mama shrew in the front.

578
00:39:35,520 --> 00:39:40,520
Speaker 1: And then it's like they've each clamped chomped onto the

579
00:39:41,239 --> 00:39:43,960
Speaker 1: one in front tail and they're all just running in

580
00:39:44,000 --> 00:39:48,480
Speaker 1: a line. Yeah, and it looks it looks like when

581
00:39:48,480 --> 00:39:50,479
Speaker 1: you're looking at it from a distance, it just looks

582
00:39:50,520 --> 00:39:54,200
Speaker 1: like one animal, like a giant caterpillar movie. Yeah, it

583
00:39:54,200 --> 00:39:58,960
Speaker 1: looks like, yeah, some kind of odd yeah snake with legs.

584
00:39:59,640 --> 00:40:01,960
Speaker 1: So I will explain what's going on first. I kind

585
00:40:01,960 --> 00:40:04,600
Speaker 1: of want to talk about what shrews are because some

586
00:40:04,680 --> 00:40:09,840
Speaker 1: people I don't necessarily know. Um, that's not a condescending

587
00:40:09,880 --> 00:40:13,319
Speaker 1: I'm gonna retake us. I going to talk about what

588
00:40:13,560 --> 00:40:18,279
Speaker 1: shrews are. No, I'll leave it in be condescended to

589
00:40:19,200 --> 00:40:25,480
Speaker 1: nobody knows shrews better than me. For those of you

590
00:40:25,600 --> 00:40:29,920
Speaker 1: who don't know what a shrew is, Shrews are a

591
00:40:29,960 --> 00:40:33,920
Speaker 1: family of little mouse like mammals found all over the world.

592
00:40:34,360 --> 00:40:39,120
Speaker 1: They are actually not rodents and not really closely related

593
00:40:39,160 --> 00:40:41,359
Speaker 1: to mice, even though they look like mice. They are

594
00:40:41,440 --> 00:40:45,960
Speaker 1: more closely related to moles and hedgehogs, and they do

595
00:40:46,040 --> 00:40:50,480
Speaker 1: not have mouse like teeth. Their teeth are little needle

596
00:40:50,600 --> 00:40:54,839
Speaker 1: like a shrew bite is very unpleasant, especially because some

597
00:40:54,920 --> 00:40:58,920
Speaker 1: shrews are venomous and they have venom glands that can

598
00:40:58,960 --> 00:41:02,320
Speaker 1: distribute the talk some down grooves in their sharp little teeth.

599
00:41:02,960 --> 00:41:07,560
Speaker 1: So one of the few mammals who are venomous, and

600
00:41:07,680 --> 00:41:12,479
Speaker 1: in fact, the American short tailed true species have enough

601
00:41:12,680 --> 00:41:17,880
Speaker 1: venom in their glands to kill two hundred mice, which

602
00:41:18,560 --> 00:41:22,120
Speaker 1: is an oddly specific fact I read on Wikipedia, and

603
00:41:22,200 --> 00:41:24,440
Speaker 1: I don't know how they know that or why it

604
00:41:24,520 --> 00:41:29,960
Speaker 1: is specifically two hundred mice, because that's how many that

605
00:41:30,080 --> 00:41:34,680
Speaker 1: it could kill. It's two. Did they like divvy it

606
00:41:34,800 --> 00:41:38,279
Speaker 1: up and feed it to like I'm assuming what they

607
00:41:38,320 --> 00:41:40,799
Speaker 1: did was they put it in a dropper and then

608
00:41:40,960 --> 00:41:47,359
Speaker 1: just murdered and they were at like one, It's like up,

609
00:41:47,480 --> 00:41:49,560
Speaker 1: we got we can use some more. And then they

610
00:41:49,560 --> 00:41:51,839
Speaker 1: got to two hundreds like all right, and then two

611
00:41:52,280 --> 00:42:01,560
Speaker 1: one not enough mouse, aretty. Sure that's how scientists do

612
00:42:01,640 --> 00:42:05,920
Speaker 1: with Yeah, they do it. They measure venom and mouse

613
00:42:06,080 --> 00:42:19,040
Speaker 1: units poisoning wise. Yeah, this ld fifty nonsense. It's it's

614
00:42:19,080 --> 00:42:25,000
Speaker 1: how many mice? How many four thousand mice. It's it's

615
00:42:25,000 --> 00:42:29,560
Speaker 1: called d m Q the dead mouse quotient. Yeah, d

616
00:42:29,800 --> 00:42:34,840
Speaker 1: m mL dead mice permil leader. Um, yeah, that sounds

617
00:42:34,840 --> 00:42:40,640
Speaker 1: pretty good. Dead. But however, while adult shrews are quite

618
00:42:40,640 --> 00:42:45,319
Speaker 1: apt to defend themselves, baby shrews are just little defenseless

619
00:42:45,360 --> 00:42:49,960
Speaker 1: beans who are born blind, squishy, and you know, probably

620
00:42:50,000 --> 00:42:54,080
Speaker 1: pretty snack able. So if the mother must abandon her

621
00:42:54,239 --> 00:42:57,719
Speaker 1: nest due to disruption or danger or needing to find

622
00:42:57,719 --> 00:43:02,279
Speaker 1: more resources, if she just like leads them away, they

623
00:43:02,280 --> 00:43:07,160
Speaker 1: will soon get lost because they're blind and clueless. So instead,

624
00:43:07,320 --> 00:43:11,560
Speaker 1: she assembles her offspring into a train. So the mother

625
00:43:11,719 --> 00:43:16,320
Speaker 1: leads and each baby instinctively bites down on the tail

626
00:43:16,440 --> 00:43:19,840
Speaker 1: of the shrew in front of it, forming shrew train.

627
00:43:20,080 --> 00:43:21,680
Speaker 1: Check a check a check chuck chuck a check a

628
00:43:21,760 --> 00:43:26,880
Speaker 1: check out, shrew train. It's a shrew train. Shrew train.

629
00:43:27,320 --> 00:43:30,839
Speaker 1: It's my new show called shrew Train, where we all

630
00:43:30,880 --> 00:43:33,960
Speaker 1: hop aboard the shrew train. It would that be in

631
00:43:33,960 --> 00:43:39,960
Speaker 1: the in the shrew crime category? Nice? Yes, welcome to

632
00:43:40,120 --> 00:43:48,480
Speaker 1: shrew Crime. An entire train of shrews murdered. So what

633
00:43:48,600 --> 00:43:51,479
Speaker 1: I find really interesting about the shrew train is that

634
00:43:51,960 --> 00:43:56,239
Speaker 1: they move with surprising ease. It's like, you look at it,

635
00:43:57,080 --> 00:44:01,120
Speaker 1: there's something about the simple little pro graham in each

636
00:44:01,160 --> 00:44:03,480
Speaker 1: of these shrews that is like bite down on tail

637
00:44:03,600 --> 00:44:07,360
Speaker 1: and follow immediately in front that makes them very efficient.

638
00:44:07,360 --> 00:44:10,320
Speaker 1: There's a second video you can look at that shows

639
00:44:10,760 --> 00:44:14,319
Speaker 1: and you know, just like how agile they are. They

640
00:44:14,360 --> 00:44:17,520
Speaker 1: can like turn on a pin and like move around

641
00:44:17,600 --> 00:44:21,640
Speaker 1: like a snake. It's pretty incredible that you have so

642
00:44:21,680 --> 00:44:29,040
Speaker 1: many individuals coming together. Oh wow, and it's it's crazy.

643
00:44:29,080 --> 00:44:33,040
Speaker 1: It's that's that's gotta be. And it looks like their

644
00:44:33,120 --> 00:44:35,319
Speaker 1: legs are almost in sync, but they may just all

645
00:44:35,400 --> 00:44:39,560
Speaker 1: kind of run with the same cadence. But that that

646
00:44:39,840 --> 00:44:43,440
Speaker 1: is incredible looking. Yeah, it looks like it looks like

647
00:44:43,480 --> 00:44:47,520
Speaker 1: a single organism. Well what's so okay? So there's something

648
00:44:47,960 --> 00:44:53,160
Speaker 1: really unsettling about it, which is that most things that

649
00:44:53,200 --> 00:44:56,600
Speaker 1: we at least that I've typically seen in nature that

650
00:44:56,760 --> 00:45:01,800
Speaker 1: kind of are in that snake or caterpillar format or

651
00:45:02,160 --> 00:45:08,080
Speaker 1: whatever or like smooth or shiny, you know, but it's fuzzy.

652
00:45:08,440 --> 00:45:11,880
Speaker 1: It's weird. It's weird to look at. It's like it's like,

653
00:45:12,040 --> 00:45:15,600
Speaker 1: is it imagine if snake's head for it's it's unsettling

654
00:45:15,680 --> 00:45:17,840
Speaker 1: and strange. I have some bad news for you about

655
00:45:17,920 --> 00:45:23,920
Speaker 1: some caterpillars. That's true. It's caterpillars. Are they are fuzzy,

656
00:45:24,040 --> 00:45:28,800
Speaker 1: that's true. Yeah, they're also giant caterpillar congo lines as well,

657
00:45:29,160 --> 00:45:32,200
Speaker 1: which we've covered in another episode. And that's all. That's

658
00:45:32,280 --> 00:45:36,160
Speaker 1: basically safety in numbers. They go butt to head, butt

659
00:45:36,200 --> 00:45:40,000
Speaker 1: to head to travel to other locations in order to

660
00:45:40,239 --> 00:45:44,319
Speaker 1: remain safe and more intimidating because they have this these

661
00:45:44,440 --> 00:45:47,760
Speaker 1: urticating hairs on their backs. Like the fuzz is actually

662
00:45:47,840 --> 00:45:51,720
Speaker 1: a defense mechanism. So if they're form this giant line

663
00:45:51,719 --> 00:45:55,640
Speaker 1: of caterpillars like where they're they're squishy heads and squishy

664
00:45:55,680 --> 00:45:58,400
Speaker 1: butts are protected by the person in front and or

665
00:45:58,600 --> 00:46:03,040
Speaker 1: sorry person caterpillar in front and behind. Those caterpillars are

666
00:46:03,080 --> 00:46:06,960
Speaker 1: people too. But yeah, the conga line a very efficient

667
00:46:07,080 --> 00:46:11,840
Speaker 1: survival technique used by multiple animals. I don't think humans

668
00:46:11,920 --> 00:46:17,160
Speaker 1: have a really good analog for children, although we do

669
00:46:17,280 --> 00:46:22,200
Speaker 1: have like leashes. I guess for toddlers. Mom put you

670
00:46:22,239 --> 00:46:25,080
Speaker 1: on a leash when you were a toddler. She did.

671
00:46:25,280 --> 00:46:29,120
Speaker 1: She never told you that, I'm sure No, it's not

672
00:46:29,280 --> 00:46:32,520
Speaker 1: lies she did, because it's not. It's not a literal leash.

673
00:46:32,560 --> 00:46:35,560
Speaker 1: It's like a little body harness with like a little

674
00:46:35,600 --> 00:46:41,200
Speaker 1: sprawny bongee. And she didn't once just to like because

675
00:46:41,239 --> 00:46:43,440
Speaker 1: it wasn't. It was to give you a little more

676
00:46:43,480 --> 00:46:47,400
Speaker 1: freedom of exploration while still keeping tabs on you. And

677
00:46:47,440 --> 00:46:50,560
Speaker 1: you're like, to, I don't remember this because I don't

678
00:46:50,600 --> 00:46:53,360
Speaker 1: even think I was born yet, But she said, you

679
00:46:53,440 --> 00:46:58,040
Speaker 1: went to some store and immediately like went around one

680
00:46:58,080 --> 00:47:03,719
Speaker 1: of those like like so glasses. You know that's like rotating,

681
00:47:03,800 --> 00:47:06,880
Speaker 1: it's coming back. I mean, I was too young to

682
00:47:06,880 --> 00:47:09,840
Speaker 1: actually remember this, but now I remember. It wasn't just

683
00:47:10,239 --> 00:47:13,560
Speaker 1: so Just so the listeners know, um our mom did

684
00:47:13,560 --> 00:47:18,640
Speaker 1: not just keep this from me and secretly Katie about this,

685
00:47:19,480 --> 00:47:22,160
Speaker 1: I should also say, we don't keep Aaron in a

686
00:47:22,239 --> 00:47:31,440
Speaker 1: basement like the Bart twin from the Simpsons. Um O, god, no,

687
00:47:31,600 --> 00:47:34,680
Speaker 1: that's our other secret sibling that we don't talk about it.

688
00:47:35,160 --> 00:47:37,120
Speaker 1: We didn't talk about that one. We don't talk about that.

689
00:47:37,120 --> 00:47:41,800
Speaker 1: I'll edit that out, but no, you you immediately wrapped

690
00:47:41,840 --> 00:47:45,279
Speaker 1: yourself around a display rack and my mom was like, well,

691
00:47:46,600 --> 00:47:53,440
Speaker 1: that probably isn't gonna work. Yeah, I just I can

692
00:47:53,520 --> 00:47:55,920
Speaker 1: just imagine just you know, you know, my imagine she

693
00:47:56,080 --> 00:47:59,000
Speaker 1: is kind of like one of the fall guys, little

694
00:47:59,080 --> 00:48:05,120
Speaker 1: jelly bean men, just kind of stumbling around and chaos

695
00:48:05,120 --> 00:48:10,279
Speaker 1: flopping around. Researchers are fascinated by twins due to how

696
00:48:10,280 --> 00:48:13,160
Speaker 1: they're as close as we can currently get to studying

697
00:48:13,239 --> 00:48:16,920
Speaker 1: human clones, and looking at how twins behave is one

698
00:48:16,960 --> 00:48:20,239
Speaker 1: way to study nature versus nurture, to see how your

699
00:48:20,360 --> 00:48:25,160
Speaker 1: genes and your environment interact to create well you. Psychologist

700
00:48:25,200 --> 00:48:30,359
Speaker 1: Thomas Bouchard to just study in comparing twins who had

701
00:48:30,360 --> 00:48:34,319
Speaker 1: been separated at birth, raised by different families, and then

702
00:48:34,360 --> 00:48:39,080
Speaker 1: were reunited later. In some cases, they had startling similarities,

703
00:48:39,360 --> 00:48:41,600
Speaker 1: like a pair of twins who had the same hobbies

704
00:48:41,640 --> 00:48:45,920
Speaker 1: both married and divorced women named Linda and remarried women

705
00:48:46,040 --> 00:48:51,520
Speaker 1: named Betty. Aside from this eerily coincidental case, most twins

706
00:48:51,520 --> 00:48:55,680
Speaker 1: in his study had much more significant differences. Something Bouchard

707
00:48:55,800 --> 00:49:00,239
Speaker 1: concluded was evidence that twins are not carbon copies and

708
00:49:00,360 --> 00:49:04,600
Speaker 1: become unique individuals throughout their lives, which is probably not

709
00:49:04,719 --> 00:49:07,040
Speaker 1: news solve the twins out there listening to this now,

710
00:49:07,080 --> 00:49:09,560
Speaker 1: but hey, at least you got science on your side

711
00:49:10,040 --> 00:49:12,239
Speaker 1: when we return, We're going to talk about siblings who

712
00:49:12,320 --> 00:49:23,400
Speaker 1: joined forces to destroct It's not unusual for siblings to

713
00:49:23,480 --> 00:49:26,840
Speaker 1: team up to achieve greatness. There's the Right Brothers, the

714
00:49:26,920 --> 00:49:33,640
Speaker 1: Bronte Sisters, Venus and Serena Williams, and the Kardashians. Anyways,

715
00:49:33,719 --> 00:49:37,480
Speaker 1: when siblings join forces in nature, sometimes the result is

716
00:49:37,600 --> 00:49:42,920
Speaker 1: mind blowing, impressive and abjectly horrifying, you know, like the Kardashians.

717
00:49:44,360 --> 00:49:47,840
Speaker 1: So we've talked about siblings who do not get along.

718
00:49:47,880 --> 00:49:50,960
Speaker 1: We've talked about siblings who do get along. Now I

719
00:49:51,000 --> 00:49:54,640
Speaker 1: want to talk about siblings who team up to destroy

720
00:49:54,719 --> 00:49:58,759
Speaker 1: the world around them. I feel like it's inspirational, you know,

721
00:49:59,719 --> 00:50:05,000
Speaker 1: just just siblings forming an army that eats and fights

722
00:50:05,040 --> 00:50:09,359
Speaker 1: its way through the world. Uh, it's I mean, like

723
00:50:09,560 --> 00:50:11,480
Speaker 1: a lot of the things like we think of as

724
00:50:11,560 --> 00:50:17,000
Speaker 1: like hives, um and colonies, like aunt colonies, b hives,

725
00:50:17,360 --> 00:50:21,680
Speaker 1: termite colonies, those are all siblings. Those are most of

726
00:50:21,920 --> 00:50:25,279
Speaker 1: the ones you will see will be sisters, because all

727
00:50:25,320 --> 00:50:30,000
Speaker 1: of the workers are sisters. They're highly related to each other. Um.

728
00:50:30,040 --> 00:50:33,640
Speaker 1: Their brothers are just being lazy and staying inside all

729
00:50:33,719 --> 00:50:44,320
Speaker 1: day and eating like you know, just like our dynamic exactly. Um,

730
00:50:44,360 --> 00:50:47,759
Speaker 1: but I do want to talk about other groups of

731
00:50:47,840 --> 00:50:53,759
Speaker 1: siblings that team up to form a giant army to dominate. Uh.

732
00:50:53,800 --> 00:50:57,600
Speaker 1: And first I want to talk about millipede balls. That

733
00:50:57,719 --> 00:51:02,120
Speaker 1: sounded wrong, but I mean, I mean big clusters of millipedes.

734
00:51:03,000 --> 00:51:09,760
Speaker 1: So many species of millipedes have very close sibling bonds. Again,

735
00:51:10,120 --> 00:51:12,799
Speaker 1: we think about sibling bonds that are loving to be

736
00:51:12,960 --> 00:51:18,880
Speaker 1: exclusive to, like uh, fuzzy charismatic mammals, like even truths

737
00:51:19,000 --> 00:51:22,479
Speaker 1: like those are cute. They're like they look like, you know, cut, Like, yeah,

738
00:51:22,520 --> 00:51:25,120
Speaker 1: they could nuzzle each other. They you know, chew on

739
00:51:25,160 --> 00:51:29,080
Speaker 1: each other's butts to stay safe. That's pretty cute. Insects

740
00:51:29,160 --> 00:51:33,400
Speaker 1: can team up to in insects, arthropods, they can form

741
00:51:33,480 --> 00:51:37,600
Speaker 1: sibling bonds as well. And millipedes, which are you know,

742
00:51:37,640 --> 00:51:42,439
Speaker 1: those mini legged, very creepy, crawley little arthur pods have

743
00:51:42,760 --> 00:51:47,720
Speaker 1: very close sibling bonds and they will form as young millipedes,

744
00:51:47,760 --> 00:51:52,839
Speaker 1: they will form huge clusters of riving millipedes who roll

745
00:51:52,960 --> 00:51:56,359
Speaker 1: around in search of food. If you click on that

746
00:51:56,560 --> 00:51:59,840
Speaker 1: link right here under millipedes ball, you can see of it.

747
00:52:00,040 --> 00:52:04,319
Speaker 1: You of that, Oh wow, that's a that's a lot.

748
00:52:05,000 --> 00:52:08,280
Speaker 1: They look tiny though they are because they're little babies.

749
00:52:09,080 --> 00:52:13,759
Speaker 1: The big ball baby millipedes that is it looks you know,

750
00:52:14,200 --> 00:52:18,040
Speaker 1: they're kind of pink and mhmm, blesh. It's it's it

751
00:52:18,520 --> 00:52:22,960
Speaker 1: is h. Yeah, that's pretty neat, big old ball baby

752
00:52:22,960 --> 00:52:28,920
Speaker 1: bouncing baby millipedes. Yeah, that's pretty cool. Actually. Yeah. And

753
00:52:29,000 --> 00:52:32,400
Speaker 1: they formed this cluster that's so dense even like a

754
00:52:32,480 --> 00:52:35,800
Speaker 1: single ant can't work its way through it. And so

755
00:52:36,080 --> 00:52:40,240
Speaker 1: they out of many they become one sort of mega

756
00:52:40,360 --> 00:52:46,000
Speaker 1: cluster of millipedes that is safe from predators. And they

757
00:52:46,080 --> 00:52:50,360
Speaker 1: will so millipedes feed on organic matter found in soil,

758
00:52:50,840 --> 00:52:54,520
Speaker 1: so in order to find patches of nutrient rich soil,

759
00:52:54,560 --> 00:53:00,040
Speaker 1: they will travel in this giant ball of millipedes and

760
00:53:00,040 --> 00:53:03,319
Speaker 1: and just kind of cluster around patch of soil and

761
00:53:03,400 --> 00:53:05,799
Speaker 1: get their food and moved on. And if you like

762
00:53:06,000 --> 00:53:08,680
Speaker 1: force them to disperse, like try to stomp on the

763
00:53:08,719 --> 00:53:11,359
Speaker 1: ball and they all have to scatter, they'll all run

764
00:53:11,400 --> 00:53:16,320
Speaker 1: into one direction and then reform the ball relatively click quickly.

765
00:53:16,360 --> 00:53:20,759
Speaker 1: It's very like very sci fi to me. It does

766
00:53:20,920 --> 00:53:31,680
Speaker 1: it looks like some kind of yeah sci fi cluster,

767
00:53:31,880 --> 00:53:35,839
Speaker 1: like a nanite cluster that it looks like a lot

768
00:53:35,880 --> 00:53:40,560
Speaker 1: of the yeah, pretty popular, Like like there's kind of

769
00:53:40,600 --> 00:53:46,560
Speaker 1: that that slithery snake clusters like in the Matrix series. Right,

770
00:53:46,600 --> 00:53:49,160
Speaker 1: I wonderful, I wonder how many people have seen this stuff?

771
00:53:49,200 --> 00:53:52,760
Speaker 1: Is this? It's pretty cool looking. It is cool looking,

772
00:53:52,960 --> 00:53:55,680
Speaker 1: and it's also heartwarming because these are all these are

773
00:53:55,680 --> 00:54:02,799
Speaker 1: all siblings coming together to exactly another heartwarming story of

774
00:54:03,120 --> 00:54:07,120
Speaker 1: Arthur pods who come together are black lace weaver spiders

775
00:54:07,160 --> 00:54:10,920
Speaker 1: are a spider found in Europe, North America, and New Zealand,

776
00:54:11,040 --> 00:54:14,400
Speaker 1: although they are invasive species in New Zealand. They're about

777
00:54:14,520 --> 00:54:18,800
Speaker 1: sixteen millimeters long's about point six inches. They're they're pretty neaty.

778
00:54:18,920 --> 00:54:21,040
Speaker 1: They're like a spider that you'd see and go like,

779
00:54:21,080 --> 00:54:24,799
Speaker 1: oh yeah, that's a there's a spider right there. You know,

780
00:54:25,239 --> 00:54:27,600
Speaker 1: you know, you know you don't want that thing in

781
00:54:27,640 --> 00:54:31,160
Speaker 1: your eyeball. That's how I measure spiders by, like how

782
00:54:32,000 --> 00:54:34,640
Speaker 1: bad it would be for it to be in well,

783
00:54:34,719 --> 00:54:37,240
Speaker 1: but then you get once you get past a certain

784
00:54:37,360 --> 00:54:40,560
Speaker 1: size though, then they can't. It's true, then they can't

785
00:54:40,560 --> 00:54:44,200
Speaker 1: get in the eyeball. No, that's true. That's true. Like,

786
00:54:45,560 --> 00:54:49,040
Speaker 1: well but that doesn't maybe I actually like the bigger

787
00:54:49,440 --> 00:54:54,160
Speaker 1: spider right exactly because they are more you know, they're

788
00:54:54,200 --> 00:54:56,960
Speaker 1: more cuddly. I can fit a big enough spider and

789
00:54:57,000 --> 00:55:03,759
Speaker 1: a baby Bjorn and carry it around. So um, the

790
00:55:04,400 --> 00:55:08,720
Speaker 1: baby spiders will eat their own mother and then dance

791
00:55:08,840 --> 00:55:12,880
Speaker 1: together in synchrony. And this sounds horrible, but it's actually

792
00:55:12,960 --> 00:55:18,279
Speaker 1: heartwarming and sweet. So the black lace weaver female will

793
00:55:18,360 --> 00:55:22,880
Speaker 1: have over a hundred young and the mother will lay

794
00:55:23,360 --> 00:55:28,680
Speaker 1: trophic eggs, which are unfertilized eggs, for her babies to eat. Uh.

795
00:55:28,719 --> 00:55:32,000
Speaker 1: And so she is giving as much of her resources

796
00:55:32,040 --> 00:55:35,440
Speaker 1: as she can because she is not going to survive

797
00:55:35,600 --> 00:55:40,680
Speaker 1: to mate again. And once they have eaten the trophic eggs,

798
00:55:40,680 --> 00:55:44,520
Speaker 1: she wants to provide them with one last meal, and

799
00:55:44,640 --> 00:55:48,120
Speaker 1: she will guide her babies under her body and offer

800
00:55:48,200 --> 00:55:52,920
Speaker 1: herself as food. So she'll actually lay on top of

801
00:55:52,960 --> 00:55:56,960
Speaker 1: them and just like stay still for them to eat her.

802
00:55:57,080 --> 00:56:01,160
Speaker 1: Because like, she has created a huge amount of offspring

803
00:56:01,440 --> 00:56:04,279
Speaker 1: and her best bet for having them pass on her

804
00:56:04,360 --> 00:56:07,200
Speaker 1: jeans is to give them the best start in life,

805
00:56:07,239 --> 00:56:14,879
Speaker 1: and that means cannibals. So the babies will eat her. Um.

806
00:56:14,920 --> 00:56:18,160
Speaker 1: There's actually a lovely video if you want to see that.

807
00:56:18,400 --> 00:56:22,200
Speaker 1: It's just it's actually not that gruesome. It doesn't look

808
00:56:22,239 --> 00:56:26,000
Speaker 1: like much, but I just know that they are sucking

809
00:56:26,000 --> 00:56:32,280
Speaker 1: out all her juices. I'm clicking on a video now here. Yeah,

810
00:56:32,360 --> 00:56:35,200
Speaker 1: it's just like it's a bunch of little, tiny, cute,

811
00:56:35,239 --> 00:56:39,120
Speaker 1: little tiny spiders crawling all over, all over mom. But

812
00:56:39,280 --> 00:56:41,440
Speaker 1: they are sucking out all all of her juices. But

813
00:56:41,480 --> 00:56:43,560
Speaker 1: that's how she likes it. She's like, I'll be your

814
00:56:43,640 --> 00:56:48,080
Speaker 1: juice box babies, but a good but a good mother.

815
00:56:49,760 --> 00:56:55,400
Speaker 1: I mean, you know, spiders are pretty metal when you

816
00:56:55,400 --> 00:56:57,640
Speaker 1: think about it. It's pretty metal. And I think it's

817
00:56:57,640 --> 00:57:01,480
Speaker 1: a female, the males, and I know that the babies

818
00:57:01,680 --> 00:57:05,080
Speaker 1: the females, but I mean, I shouldn't be surprised considering, well,

819
00:57:05,120 --> 00:57:07,279
Speaker 1: it's yeah, and it's not just that the babies eat

820
00:57:07,280 --> 00:57:11,440
Speaker 1: the females. The mothers actively encourage the babies to eat her.

821
00:57:12,600 --> 00:57:17,280
Speaker 1: Just a ritual sacrifice, right, you know, on the on

822
00:57:17,360 --> 00:57:21,640
Speaker 1: the blood altar of that's very metal. I like that

823
00:57:21,760 --> 00:57:25,680
Speaker 1: they really they really got like their mother's eyes and

824
00:57:25,720 --> 00:57:32,640
Speaker 1: their mother's legs, and their mothers are And what's interesting

825
00:57:32,960 --> 00:57:37,120
Speaker 1: is this sacrifice on part of the mother sets them

826
00:57:37,240 --> 00:57:39,800
Speaker 1: up not only in terms of giving them a lot

827
00:57:39,840 --> 00:57:43,280
Speaker 1: of nutrition, but it also encourages them to work together

828
00:57:43,360 --> 00:57:48,520
Speaker 1: as siblings. Because they have all of this nutrition from

829
00:57:48,520 --> 00:57:51,600
Speaker 1: the get go, they're less likely to need to compete

830
00:57:51,640 --> 00:57:55,360
Speaker 1: with each other. So they will form social groups that

831
00:57:55,440 --> 00:58:00,440
Speaker 1: hunt together for about four weeks before finally dis ersing

832
00:58:01,520 --> 00:58:03,919
Speaker 1: to go off and mate. So they will it's like, hey,

833
00:58:03,960 --> 00:58:06,760
Speaker 1: thanks mom for letting us use you as a juice box.

834
00:58:06,800 --> 00:58:10,120
Speaker 1: Like we're all pretty well fed, so we can hunt

835
00:58:10,160 --> 00:58:13,040
Speaker 1: together and like work together. You know, they're not suffering

836
00:58:13,040 --> 00:58:15,360
Speaker 1: such scarcity that they need to fight each other or

837
00:58:15,360 --> 00:58:18,200
Speaker 1: try to eat each other like the other siblings we've

838
00:58:18,240 --> 00:58:21,680
Speaker 1: talked about earlier in the episode. And that whole ritual

839
00:58:21,800 --> 00:58:23,760
Speaker 1: dance that they do together where they seem to do

840
00:58:23,880 --> 00:58:27,640
Speaker 1: this techno dance all in unison. That is a way

841
00:58:27,680 --> 00:58:32,080
Speaker 1: for them to collectively ward off predators by making this

842
00:58:32,280 --> 00:58:37,880
Speaker 1: larger vibration by all of them like dancing all together,

843
00:58:38,160 --> 00:58:40,840
Speaker 1: that they seem like a much bigger animal by creating

844
00:58:40,840 --> 00:58:44,560
Speaker 1: this like large vibration. Right, this is this is neat.

845
00:58:44,600 --> 00:58:50,960
Speaker 1: They're tiny, they're a little yeah, they're a little little, right. Cute,

846
00:58:51,200 --> 00:58:55,160
Speaker 1: They are pretty cute. So the last animal I want

847
00:58:55,200 --> 00:59:01,040
Speaker 1: to talk about, and I'll issue a warning now, this

848
00:59:01,160 --> 00:59:06,240
Speaker 1: is maybe the grossest story today. So if you're eating

849
00:59:06,320 --> 00:59:11,959
Speaker 1: something like, you know, especially something like a spring roll

850
00:59:12,120 --> 00:59:17,240
Speaker 1: or burrito or you know, you might want to just

851
00:59:17,400 --> 00:59:22,320
Speaker 1: hold off on a because So I'm going to talk

852
00:59:22,400 --> 00:59:28,240
Speaker 1: about copa do Soma floridanum wasps. So these are teeny tiny,

853
00:59:28,400 --> 00:59:33,680
Speaker 1: unassuming wasps that look like a tiny house fly, but

854
00:59:33,720 --> 00:59:36,560
Speaker 1: they are not flies. They are wasps. They're found all

855
00:59:36,600 --> 00:59:39,600
Speaker 1: over the world. They are so tiny they're about the

856
00:59:39,680 --> 00:59:44,600
Speaker 1: size of the ball in a ballpoint pen. And the

857
00:59:45,040 --> 00:59:52,000
Speaker 1: um female wasps ah man wasps are like the weirdest

858
00:59:52,080 --> 00:59:56,200
Speaker 1: freaks in nature. They're always pulling such like bizarre crap

859
00:59:56,400 --> 00:59:59,000
Speaker 1: on other animals, especially when it comes to their offspring.

860
00:59:59,080 --> 01:00:03,000
Speaker 1: Like Parasitoid wasps are a trip And we've talked about

861
01:00:03,000 --> 01:00:05,200
Speaker 1: them before, but I don't think we've talked about this

862
01:00:05,240 --> 01:00:08,600
Speaker 1: one yet. So the female will lay a couple of

863
01:00:08,600 --> 01:00:12,840
Speaker 1: eggs inside of a caterpillar egg. Okay, so far pretty

864
01:00:12,880 --> 01:00:16,200
Speaker 1: standard parasite things like not that much worse than a

865
01:00:16,240 --> 01:00:21,320
Speaker 1: cuckoo bird or something. When the caterpillar hatches, the wasp

866
01:00:21,440 --> 01:00:25,960
Speaker 1: eggs begin to multiply into a cluster of eggs inside

867
01:00:25,960 --> 01:00:33,560
Speaker 1: of the caterpillar. Each egg contains two thousand wasps embryos,

868
01:00:33,880 --> 01:00:37,440
Speaker 1: which are about a fifth of an inch long. So,

869
01:00:39,240 --> 01:00:44,880
Speaker 1: according to Dr Mike Strand of the University of Georgia, quote,

870
01:00:44,920 --> 01:00:48,280
Speaker 1: the caterpillar is about two to three inches long, so

871
01:00:48,360 --> 01:00:54,520
Speaker 1: you can stuff a lot of wasps in there. I did,

872
01:00:54,560 --> 01:00:57,360
Speaker 1: I'm cheating. I'm looking ahead. I've looked at the photo. No, no,

873
01:00:57,400 --> 01:01:00,440
Speaker 1: you're not cheating. That's that's appropriate. You can look it.

874
01:01:00,440 --> 01:01:04,840
Speaker 1: It is um. It has a kind of a sausage

875
01:01:04,960 --> 01:01:10,240
Speaker 1: like vibe. But you know, it looks to me kind

876
01:01:10,240 --> 01:01:12,240
Speaker 1: of like a spring roll with a bunch of like

877
01:01:12,400 --> 01:01:16,360
Speaker 1: rice in it. Yeah, you know, kind of more writhing though.

878
01:01:18,760 --> 01:01:21,960
Speaker 1: But also each of those like grains of rice is

879
01:01:22,000 --> 01:01:25,000
Speaker 1: like an egg. But each of those eggs contains like

880
01:01:25,680 --> 01:01:29,560
Speaker 1: thousands of embryos. So yeah, I guess I'm not I'm

881
01:01:29,560 --> 01:01:33,360
Speaker 1: not up on you know, how biology works, but I'm

882
01:01:33,400 --> 01:01:36,440
Speaker 1: surprised to hear that what we would consider individual eggs

883
01:01:36,520 --> 01:01:39,560
Speaker 1: can have multiple embryos in them. That, well, it's an egg,

884
01:01:39,680 --> 01:01:42,680
Speaker 1: I guess more accurately, you would call it an egg sac.

885
01:01:43,600 --> 01:01:46,040
Speaker 1: So these are each so it is a cluster of

886
01:01:46,160 --> 01:01:53,400
Speaker 1: eggs sacs. Yes, gotcha, Okay, And so it's already we're

887
01:01:53,440 --> 01:01:57,600
Speaker 1: getting into sort of body horror territory. Oh, it's it's yeah,

888
01:01:57,880 --> 01:02:00,960
Speaker 1: I mean this is brutal. This is like this thing

889
01:02:01,000 --> 01:02:04,880
Speaker 1: that looks like a sauce of transparent sausage casing filled

890
01:02:04,920 --> 01:02:08,560
Speaker 1: with rice. Again, I'm so sorry if you're eating this

891
01:02:08,640 --> 01:02:14,120
Speaker 1: is a caterpillars, possibly still alive. I'm not sure at

892
01:02:14,120 --> 01:02:19,040
Speaker 1: this stage of the pure they're looking at. It's like

893
01:02:19,600 --> 01:02:23,920
Speaker 1: it's as if there's just this thin sausage casing around salt.

894
01:02:24,040 --> 01:02:27,640
Speaker 1: It's just packed with I can't imagine that there is

895
01:02:27,800 --> 01:02:33,080
Speaker 1: enough internal or like like this one. This one might

896
01:02:33,120 --> 01:02:41,400
Speaker 1: could be, but there are exactly how long parasites can

897
01:02:41,560 --> 01:02:44,080
Speaker 1: get in there and how many can be in with

898
01:02:44,160 --> 01:02:51,080
Speaker 1: the poor hosts. Still, it was insane. No, but it couldn't.

899
01:02:51,080 --> 01:02:54,320
Speaker 1: I'm what I'm saying is like often it takes a while,

900
01:02:54,520 --> 01:02:58,160
Speaker 1: like there's still enough organs and juices for them to

901
01:02:58,240 --> 01:03:03,840
Speaker 1: survive this god amount of parasites inside them. There are

902
01:03:03,920 --> 01:03:09,080
Speaker 1: other types of parasites that will parasitize caterpillars and emerge

903
01:03:09,160 --> 01:03:13,120
Speaker 1: from the live caterpillar, but so many of them come out.

904
01:03:13,160 --> 01:03:16,680
Speaker 1: But in this case, they do generally consume the whole

905
01:03:16,720 --> 01:03:23,240
Speaker 1: caterpillar until it finally mercifully dies. Um. But here's the thing.

906
01:03:25,160 --> 01:03:29,280
Speaker 1: One catapar like like uh dr Mike Strand says, you

907
01:03:29,280 --> 01:03:32,320
Speaker 1: can fit a whole lot of wasps inside this caterpillar

908
01:03:32,320 --> 01:03:34,800
Speaker 1: because I remember, these are tiny wasps about the size

909
01:03:34,880 --> 01:03:38,360
Speaker 1: of a ballpoint pen, and these are the larva. So

910
01:03:38,680 --> 01:03:43,240
Speaker 1: multiple wasp mothers, unrelated wasps will lay their eggs in

911
01:03:43,280 --> 01:03:48,520
Speaker 1: a single caterpillar. So this becomes a living nursery for

912
01:03:48,880 --> 01:03:55,480
Speaker 1: many different wasps. But wasps don't ness there. These are

913
01:03:55,520 --> 01:03:58,520
Speaker 1: not really social animals. They are not necessarily going to

914
01:03:58,560 --> 01:04:03,120
Speaker 1: work together with unreal lated wasps. There's no evolutionary advantage

915
01:04:03,160 --> 01:04:07,520
Speaker 1: to that for them, So they will battle it out

916
01:04:07,600 --> 01:04:12,840
Speaker 1: inside the caterpillar. Again, we have a parasite thunderdome. But

917
01:04:12,920 --> 01:04:16,160
Speaker 1: do the but do the siblings team up? Is it?

918
01:04:16,280 --> 01:04:19,560
Speaker 1: Is it like a team fight? Ah? This is very

919
01:04:19,680 --> 01:04:25,600
Speaker 1: interesting because so you have different morphs of larva. And

920
01:04:25,640 --> 01:04:30,120
Speaker 1: this is where it gets confusing and complicating and fascinating.

921
01:04:30,200 --> 01:04:34,040
Speaker 1: So most of the larva are blood suckers. They will

922
01:04:34,080 --> 01:04:38,840
Speaker 1: suck up the caterpillar's blood until they pupate into adults. Simple,

923
01:04:39,240 --> 01:04:42,760
Speaker 1: you get it. Some of them are not blood suckers.

924
01:04:42,880 --> 01:04:47,760
Speaker 1: They're soldiers. They do not consume the caterpillar. All they

925
01:04:47,840 --> 01:04:53,480
Speaker 1: do is attack other wasp larva. They have slender bodies

926
01:04:53,560 --> 01:04:58,000
Speaker 1: and scraping jaws that are designed purely as weapons, not

927
01:04:58,120 --> 01:05:03,400
Speaker 1: for feeding, and they never reach maturity. The whole reason

928
01:05:03,440 --> 01:05:07,400
Speaker 1: that they develop is to protect their siblings, and they

929
01:05:07,400 --> 01:05:11,520
Speaker 1: will attack unrelated siblings and they won't attack their own siblings.

930
01:05:11,560 --> 01:05:16,480
Speaker 1: They will not attack their own siblings. Simically, again, like

931
01:05:16,520 --> 01:05:19,160
Speaker 1: we talked about with the frogs, they may it, maybe

932
01:05:19,200 --> 01:05:25,320
Speaker 1: smell it, maybe some kind of kill some own thing. Yeah,

933
01:05:25,400 --> 01:05:28,280
Speaker 1: the assumption is it's a it's a pheromone or chemical

934
01:05:28,320 --> 01:05:31,320
Speaker 1: that they're detecting. I don't think they've identified what that is,

935
01:05:31,360 --> 01:05:36,760
Speaker 1: but it's a pretty safe bet. Thats or psychic got psychic,

936
01:05:37,440 --> 01:05:43,200
Speaker 1: psychic frog, psychic wasps. You know what's really interesting is

937
01:05:43,280 --> 01:05:47,960
Speaker 1: that these soldiers are female always, and they will never

938
01:05:48,040 --> 01:05:53,800
Speaker 1: attack their sisters. And they are like be colonies and

939
01:05:53,840 --> 01:05:58,200
Speaker 1: aunt colonies. Like we've talked about before, they're very very

940
01:05:58,480 --> 01:06:02,479
Speaker 1: like their genetically identical hole to their female siblings. They're

941
01:06:02,480 --> 01:06:06,320
Speaker 1: like twins essentially, they are not genetically identical to their

942
01:06:06,360 --> 01:06:10,720
Speaker 1: male siblings, so they will actually attack their male siblings.

943
01:06:10,760 --> 01:06:15,000
Speaker 1: But they will not attack their sisters. The female soldiers

944
01:06:15,520 --> 01:06:19,160
Speaker 1: will die. They do not go on to reproduce. They

945
01:06:19,200 --> 01:06:22,160
Speaker 1: basically go down with the ship. The ship in this

946
01:06:22,200 --> 01:06:26,200
Speaker 1: case is the caterpillar that eventually gets all of its

947
01:06:26,280 --> 01:06:29,760
Speaker 1: juices sucked away, and then the sisters that they've died

948
01:06:29,920 --> 01:06:35,880
Speaker 1: defending from unrelated uh larva will grow on go on

949
01:06:35,920 --> 01:06:39,880
Speaker 1: to grow up and pupate into adults and leave the caterpillars,

950
01:06:39,880 --> 01:06:47,400
Speaker 1: whereas the soldiers just die off. Do the male siblings

951
01:06:48,360 --> 01:06:52,760
Speaker 1: have a warrior morph, No, they just kind of you

952
01:06:52,800 --> 01:06:58,320
Speaker 1: know it, well, yeah, I mean, if you think about it, uh,

953
01:06:58,480 --> 01:07:02,680
Speaker 1: one male can probably fertilize a bunch of females, but

954
01:07:02,840 --> 01:07:07,040
Speaker 1: females have to invest a lot into creating eggs, so

955
01:07:07,400 --> 01:07:12,240
Speaker 1: you don't need as many males. Really, I'm not I'm not,

956
01:07:12,640 --> 01:07:15,720
Speaker 1: you know, making any political message here, but I'm just

957
01:07:15,840 --> 01:07:21,360
Speaker 1: simply saying you don't need as many males. Um and

958
01:07:21,400 --> 01:07:24,720
Speaker 1: again they kind of this. The whole way that they're

959
01:07:24,800 --> 01:07:27,040
Speaker 1: more related to their sisters than they are to their

960
01:07:27,040 --> 01:07:31,120
Speaker 1: brothers is the whole haploid diploid thing that happens with

961
01:07:31,680 --> 01:07:35,919
Speaker 1: insects such as ants and bees, where you um have

962
01:07:36,520 --> 01:07:42,960
Speaker 1: unfertilized haploid eggs producing males and fertilized diploid eggs producing females.

963
01:07:43,040 --> 01:07:46,680
Speaker 1: So you know a little bit of genetic shenanigans there.

964
01:07:47,000 --> 01:07:50,200
Speaker 1: And remember when I said earlier, she lays a couple

965
01:07:50,240 --> 01:07:54,640
Speaker 1: of eggs and they start to uh multiply, that is

966
01:07:54,880 --> 01:08:01,680
Speaker 1: clonal multiplication. So these sisters are literally clone of each other. Um.

967
01:08:02,040 --> 01:08:05,600
Speaker 1: And so that is why it makes sense for some

968
01:08:05,680 --> 01:08:09,480
Speaker 1: of the clones. And I'm assuming that the soldier morphs

969
01:08:09,520 --> 01:08:13,280
Speaker 1: is more or less random. You're basically defending your own

970
01:08:13,320 --> 01:08:17,880
Speaker 1: clone and the genes that will again in the future.

971
01:08:17,880 --> 01:08:21,200
Speaker 1: It's like you're passing on your genes essentially by defending

972
01:08:21,200 --> 01:08:24,240
Speaker 1: your clone, and your clone will have jeanes where their

973
01:08:24,320 --> 01:08:27,599
Speaker 1: offspring also have a random chance. Some of them become soldiers,

974
01:08:27,600 --> 01:08:30,479
Speaker 1: some of them become you know, the blood suckers that

975
01:08:30,520 --> 01:08:34,599
Speaker 1: will go on to reproduce. So you're it's basically you know, uh,

976
01:08:35,160 --> 01:08:39,480
Speaker 1: war of the War of the clone clone wasps right, Yeah,

977
01:08:39,680 --> 01:08:45,200
Speaker 1: that's that's crazy. Yeah, I didn't realize that life, and

978
01:08:45,560 --> 01:08:47,560
Speaker 1: I guess that makes sense. I don't know why I

979
01:08:47,560 --> 01:08:50,160
Speaker 1: wouldn't have thought that that was something that happened, but

980
01:08:50,200 --> 01:08:53,720
Speaker 1: that like full full on eggs or egg sacts even

981
01:08:53,720 --> 01:08:56,160
Speaker 1: because it looks like is it the the whole egg

982
01:08:56,200 --> 01:09:03,360
Speaker 1: sac splits or do individual eggs within this sack split? Wait? Yeah,

983
01:09:03,520 --> 01:09:06,519
Speaker 1: I don't know. Then I think it's I think it's uh,

984
01:09:07,000 --> 01:09:13,600
Speaker 1: it's basically within the egg sacs, the individual eggs or

985
01:09:15,760 --> 01:09:19,760
Speaker 1: and then and then they hatch into larva, and then

986
01:09:19,800 --> 01:09:25,960
Speaker 1: those larva go on to royal around and the caterpillar

987
01:09:26,040 --> 01:09:28,960
Speaker 1: and fight each other. Actually know this picture of the

988
01:09:29,000 --> 01:09:32,960
Speaker 1: caterpillar that looks like it's like a rice dumpling, those

989
01:09:33,080 --> 01:09:39,080
Speaker 1: might be larva rather than yeah that that might make God,

990
01:09:39,120 --> 01:09:46,400
Speaker 1: it really does look sort of like food but snack

991
01:09:46,560 --> 01:09:49,599
Speaker 1: like yeah, yeah, like you know you get those like

992
01:09:49,680 --> 01:09:56,519
Speaker 1: the rice snacks. It's like or like sesame seeds sticks. Yeah, yeah,

993
01:09:56,640 --> 01:10:02,520
Speaker 1: it wasn't for that caterpillar, right, and like the the

994
01:10:02,560 --> 01:10:07,479
Speaker 1: sort of constant roiling motion. I'm imagining the larva fighting

995
01:10:07,479 --> 01:10:14,000
Speaker 1: each other. But uh, you know, if we were wasp larva,

996
01:10:14,920 --> 01:10:17,439
Speaker 1: I would still defend you, even though you're my brother.

997
01:10:18,120 --> 01:10:23,200
Speaker 1: That's good to know. Yeah, glad to hear it. And

998
01:10:23,200 --> 01:10:25,519
Speaker 1: I wouldn't be able to defend you because I'm just

999
01:10:25,840 --> 01:10:30,600
Speaker 1: I'm a sitting duck. Yeah, essentially, unfortunately, those are the

1000
01:10:30,640 --> 01:10:34,920
Speaker 1: cards nature game. Yeah. Yeah, you know, I feel like

1001
01:10:35,040 --> 01:10:43,920
Speaker 1: insects really understand feminism. We'd go K sixty nine comments

1002
01:10:44,360 --> 01:10:48,000
Speaker 1: on the on the podcast, like I like this podcast

1003
01:10:48,080 --> 01:10:58,880
Speaker 1: until the host got all political. Well listen, that's that's

1004
01:10:58,880 --> 01:11:02,759
Speaker 1: all the sibyl ing animals I have to talk about today.

1005
01:11:03,000 --> 01:11:07,080
Speaker 1: I hope that this has helped strengthen our sibling bond

1006
01:11:07,200 --> 01:11:12,479
Speaker 1: to talk about, you know, all the mayhem and distructions

1007
01:11:12,760 --> 01:11:19,680
Speaker 1: from sibli side to ritualized sibling collaboration to destroy caterpillars

1008
01:11:19,760 --> 01:11:25,080
Speaker 1: from the inside out. You know, yeah, it really it

1009
01:11:25,120 --> 01:11:28,080
Speaker 1: really makes you think. It really makes you think. Well

1010
01:11:28,160 --> 01:11:31,799
Speaker 1: it does. Like you know, aliens looking at human sibling

1011
01:11:32,840 --> 01:11:37,920
Speaker 1: right relationship, they're probably thinking, that's that's very strange. Why

1012
01:11:37,960 --> 01:11:41,160
Speaker 1: would he drop a can of beans on her head?

1013
01:11:45,520 --> 01:11:52,759
Speaker 1: Surely this is a form of sibling competition. He tries

1014
01:11:52,800 --> 01:11:57,000
Speaker 1: to gather resources by using his sister's head as a

1015
01:11:57,120 --> 01:12:03,000
Speaker 1: can opener. The primary food source for humans appears to

1016
01:12:03,040 --> 01:12:06,920
Speaker 1: be what is called cans of beans. They are made

1017
01:12:06,920 --> 01:12:16,040
Speaker 1: out of beans. We must study these beans and they're cans. Normally.

1018
01:12:16,120 --> 01:12:19,479
Speaker 1: This is um where I would ask you to plug

1019
01:12:19,600 --> 01:12:23,000
Speaker 1: stuff but you're you're just my brother. You're doing I

1020
01:12:23,000 --> 01:12:28,759
Speaker 1: don't like engineering at Stanford or something stupid, but like, ah,

1021
01:12:28,800 --> 01:12:34,040
Speaker 1: so instead of asking you to plug anything, Um, do

1022
01:12:34,120 --> 01:12:41,439
Speaker 1: you have any grievances to air publicly public grievance airing? No,

1023
01:12:42,280 --> 01:12:44,680
Speaker 1: I don't think so. I mean I like that. I

1024
01:12:44,760 --> 01:12:49,759
Speaker 1: like that as your nickname though, like public grievance airing eron. Ah, Yes,

1025
01:12:50,680 --> 01:12:54,120
Speaker 1: I need to I need to start an online presence

1026
01:12:54,160 --> 01:12:59,479
Speaker 1: and yeah, any conflicts to resolve from our childhood as

1027
01:12:59,479 --> 01:13:04,639
Speaker 1: your chance Yeah, you know. Um, I feel like I

1028
01:13:04,720 --> 01:13:09,920
Speaker 1: probably was the cause of more trouble than you were

1029
01:13:10,040 --> 01:13:15,679
Speaker 1: when we were kids. There's one thing I always felt

1030
01:13:15,720 --> 01:13:20,679
Speaker 1: a little bad about, uh, which was this one time

1031
01:13:20,920 --> 01:13:23,200
Speaker 1: we were pretty young, and I thought it would be

1032
01:13:23,240 --> 01:13:29,320
Speaker 1: real funny to uh sneak into your bed, yes and wait,

1033
01:13:30,439 --> 01:13:35,360
Speaker 1: lie under the covers just perfectly still until you, you know,

1034
01:13:35,720 --> 01:13:39,240
Speaker 1: haplessly stumble into your room, at which point I erupt,

1035
01:13:40,160 --> 01:13:42,360
Speaker 1: erupt from the sheets and say boo, which I thought

1036
01:13:42,479 --> 01:13:45,800
Speaker 1: was pretty funny at the time, but I may have

1037
01:13:46,320 --> 01:13:51,000
Speaker 1: given you a traumatized I felt bad. I I that's

1038
01:13:51,080 --> 01:13:52,880
Speaker 1: that's when you know. One of the things you know

1039
01:13:53,000 --> 01:13:57,040
Speaker 1: you do when you're like five or six or however old,

1040
01:13:57,120 --> 01:14:02,320
Speaker 1: and you just are are you know, three whatever? No,

1041
01:14:02,520 --> 01:14:04,840
Speaker 1: I've told this story. I think I told this story

1042
01:14:04,880 --> 01:14:08,519
Speaker 1: on the podcast about that this too, Like you were

1043
01:14:08,920 --> 01:14:11,840
Speaker 1: and like you're not giving yourself enough credit for the

1044
01:14:12,040 --> 01:14:15,000
Speaker 1: ingenuity of the prank because you were lying and you

1045
01:14:15,080 --> 01:14:19,479
Speaker 1: got under the covers and you like slowly rose up

1046
01:14:19,840 --> 01:14:24,720
Speaker 1: like a zombie and was and like you either said

1047
01:14:24,760 --> 01:14:28,519
Speaker 1: boo or you like whoo. Well, I thought, I mean,

1048
01:14:28,600 --> 01:14:34,120
Speaker 1: I could be remembering it differently, but I thought that I, yeah,

1049
01:14:34,160 --> 01:14:37,519
Speaker 1: I just said boo, Like I wasn't really going for

1050
01:14:37,960 --> 01:14:40,760
Speaker 1: like maybe time slowed down for me because I was

1051
01:14:40,840 --> 01:14:46,080
Speaker 1: so scared. I suspect because I thought, you know, at

1052
01:14:46,080 --> 01:14:49,479
Speaker 1: the time, I thought it was better natured than it was,

1053
01:14:50,160 --> 01:14:59,200
Speaker 1: right until I started to scream, damon, damn, I got roasted.

1054
01:15:00,320 --> 01:15:03,759
Speaker 1: I guess my, I guess the opposite of a grievance.

1055
01:15:03,800 --> 01:15:05,880
Speaker 1: What's the opposite of a grievance? I guess, like um

1056
01:15:06,240 --> 01:15:11,880
Speaker 1: contrition is I think that you would you would get

1057
01:15:11,920 --> 01:15:15,599
Speaker 1: in trouble more than me for things that were sort

1058
01:15:15,640 --> 01:15:20,360
Speaker 1: of equally are doing, Like we would have be equal

1059
01:15:20,400 --> 01:15:27,320
Speaker 1: participants in a Shenanigan. But I would emerge, uh, innocent eyed,

1060
01:15:27,600 --> 01:15:30,599
Speaker 1: clear eyed, and you would have The thing is, I

1061
01:15:30,640 --> 01:15:35,599
Speaker 1: think you didn't know how to hide your guilt as

1062
01:15:35,680 --> 01:15:39,920
Speaker 1: much just me, because I would. I mean, I think

1063
01:15:40,000 --> 01:15:42,320
Speaker 1: like it wasn't so much that I was hiding my guilt.

1064
01:15:42,320 --> 01:15:46,000
Speaker 1: It was more that I was very openly contrite, like, yes,

1065
01:15:46,400 --> 01:15:49,559
Speaker 1: I think I did a bad thing, and you would

1066
01:15:49,560 --> 01:15:53,080
Speaker 1: like look at the ground and shovel You're full, I know.

1067
01:15:53,200 --> 01:15:56,760
Speaker 1: I think part of yeah, I think your your response was,

1068
01:15:57,080 --> 01:15:59,639
Speaker 1: you know, to show that you were sorry, blah blah,

1069
01:15:59,680 --> 01:16:01,720
Speaker 1: And I was like, what what's wrong? What's wrong with

1070
01:16:01,760 --> 01:16:03,840
Speaker 1: the what it did? It was pretty cool? Right, Like

1071
01:16:04,479 --> 01:16:07,040
Speaker 1: that was fun. We're having fun here. And I think

1072
01:16:07,040 --> 01:16:14,840
Speaker 1: that that having a being just constitutionally unable to recognize

1073
01:16:14,960 --> 01:16:19,400
Speaker 1: why what you're doing is annoying, Uh, well, annoy a parent,

1074
01:16:19,600 --> 01:16:27,880
Speaker 1: I think understandably. So that may have been Yeah, do

1075
01:16:27,920 --> 01:16:30,000
Speaker 1: you think if we were eagles, which one of us

1076
01:16:30,040 --> 01:16:33,719
Speaker 1: would be defenustrated and which one would be the definis strate?

1077
01:16:33,800 --> 01:16:41,360
Speaker 1: T interesting? I would say that just the diplomatic answer

1078
01:16:41,520 --> 01:16:45,320
Speaker 1: is that I would definistrate you because I'm older, so

1079
01:16:45,560 --> 01:16:48,479
Speaker 1: statistically speaking, I'd be more likely to get to the

1080
01:16:48,479 --> 01:16:53,479
Speaker 1: who it's time to definistrate first. Now, if we're going

1081
01:16:53,520 --> 01:16:57,760
Speaker 1: on personality, though, probably you, I think you'd you'd offer me.

1082
01:16:57,920 --> 01:17:01,000
Speaker 1: I'm pretty sure. I I think it's the I think

1083
01:17:01,000 --> 01:17:05,400
Speaker 1: it's the sneakiness. I think I'm sneakier than you. I

1084
01:17:05,439 --> 01:17:08,240
Speaker 1: think i'd be like, I think I would be able

1085
01:17:08,320 --> 01:17:13,800
Speaker 1: to sort of redirect your attention more easily. Thank you

1086
01:17:13,880 --> 01:17:19,080
Speaker 1: would I'd be like, what's that over there? I don't

1087
01:17:19,080 --> 01:17:21,760
Speaker 1: know what what would baby eagles be interested in? Is

1088
01:17:21,800 --> 01:17:29,200
Speaker 1: that a is that a fish? Or that a dead squirrel?

1089
01:17:29,240 --> 01:17:33,280
Speaker 1: I really don't know what baby eagles. Um. Is that

1090
01:17:33,479 --> 01:17:37,679
Speaker 1: some mom vomit? Oh? Was mom vomiting something up for you? Yeah?

1091
01:17:37,720 --> 01:17:41,640
Speaker 1: It would be your your bomb's neck. Yeah, look it's

1092
01:17:41,720 --> 01:17:44,799
Speaker 1: some mom bomb over there. Check out the mom bomb

1093
01:17:44,840 --> 01:17:51,000
Speaker 1: over there and the night Felia over the edge there.

1094
01:17:52,120 --> 01:18:02,320
Speaker 1: I'm a gonner global Yeah, my poor global herd sell. Yeah,

1095
01:18:02,400 --> 01:18:08,080
Speaker 1: well luck, we were humans. Yeah, thank you, thank you

1096
01:18:08,120 --> 01:18:11,320
Speaker 1: for coming on. This was fun. Yeah, thanks thanks for

1097
01:18:11,400 --> 01:18:14,519
Speaker 1: having me on. It was it was last It's it's

1098
01:18:14,560 --> 01:18:18,679
Speaker 1: a little surreal having listened to the show as a observer,

1099
01:18:19,280 --> 01:18:25,040
Speaker 1: not entertainer, not comedian, member of the of the public. Yeah,

1100
01:18:25,080 --> 01:18:28,840
Speaker 1: but you're part of the podcast family because we are

1101
01:18:28,880 --> 01:18:31,960
Speaker 1: a family here and and that we do have the

1102
01:18:32,040 --> 01:18:35,960
Speaker 1: capacity to sniff at each other's pheromones, So there is

1103
01:18:36,000 --> 01:18:39,559
Speaker 1: that's true. I wouldn't call it pharomones, though I would

1104
01:18:40,760 --> 01:18:50,559
Speaker 1: get a gross gross. All right, well, thank you guys

1105
01:18:50,640 --> 01:18:54,840
Speaker 1: so much for listening and for uh for humoring me

1106
01:18:55,240 --> 01:18:58,720
Speaker 1: and us as we are out our sibling grievances publicly

1107
01:18:58,840 --> 01:19:02,360
Speaker 1: for the first time. If you're enjoying the show, first

1108
01:19:02,360 --> 01:19:05,120
Speaker 1: of all, tell your siblings about it. Be like, hey,

1109
01:19:05,160 --> 01:19:07,920
Speaker 1: there's this great episode about sibili side. No, I don't

1110
01:19:07,960 --> 01:19:09,800
Speaker 1: mean it that way. Why are you looking at me

1111
01:19:09,880 --> 01:19:12,599
Speaker 1: that way? And also like, if you leave a rating

1112
01:19:12,800 --> 01:19:16,040
Speaker 1: and review, that actually really helps us out, not only

1113
01:19:16,080 --> 01:19:19,800
Speaker 1: with the algorithm, it makes me feel good. I My

1114
01:19:19,920 --> 01:19:25,240
Speaker 1: ego is insatiable. I am like a gaping void that

1115
01:19:25,320 --> 01:19:30,800
Speaker 1: requires more adulation constantly. It never ceases. My hunger for

1116
01:19:31,000 --> 01:19:35,200
Speaker 1: praise is unending. Thanks to the Space Classics for those

1117
01:19:35,240 --> 01:19:38,400
Speaker 1: super awesome song Excelumina Creature feature is a production of

1118
01:19:38,439 --> 01:19:41,760
Speaker 1: I Heart Radio. For more podcasts like the one you

1119
01:19:41,840 --> 01:19:44,519
Speaker 1: just heard, visit the heart radio app Apple Podcasts, or

1120
01:19:44,560 --> 01:19:47,080
Speaker 1: Hey guess what just between you and me? Any old

1121
01:19:47,080 --> 01:19:50,040
Speaker 1: place Shell, listen to your podcast, doesn't matter. I don't judge.

1122
01:19:50,560 --> 01:19:56,640
Speaker 1: See you next Wednesday. Yeah,