1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,000 Speaker 1: Hey everyone. Technically you're getting two days in History today 2 00:00:03,120 --> 00:00:05,800 Speaker 1: because we're running two episodes from the History Vault. I 3 00:00:05,880 --> 00:00:11,280 Speaker 1: hope you enjoy. What's up everyone, Welcome to this Day 4 00:00:11,280 --> 00:00:14,280 Speaker 1: in History class, where we bring you a new tidbit 5 00:00:14,320 --> 00:00:24,880 Speaker 1: from history every day. The day was May seventeen, eighteen 6 00:00:24,960 --> 00:00:29,400 Speaker 1: seventy five. The Kentucky Derby, a popular horse race held 7 00:00:29,440 --> 00:00:34,599 Speaker 1: annually in Louisville, Kentucky, had its big debut more than 8 00:00:34,640 --> 00:00:38,080 Speaker 1: a century after its creation. The Kentucky Derby draws crowds 9 00:00:38,080 --> 00:00:41,720 Speaker 1: of hundreds of thousands of people and offers three million 10 00:00:41,760 --> 00:00:46,200 Speaker 1: dollars in prize money. Though it's not clear exactly where 11 00:00:46,200 --> 00:00:49,360 Speaker 1: horse racing originated, it is clear that it has been 12 00:00:49,360 --> 00:00:53,360 Speaker 1: around for thousands of years. Even though horses were extinct 13 00:00:53,440 --> 00:00:56,960 Speaker 1: for a while in the America's, Europeans reintroduced them on 14 00:00:57,000 --> 00:01:00,840 Speaker 1: the continent in the fifteenth century. They're Breads are a 15 00:01:00,960 --> 00:01:04,360 Speaker 1: breed of horse bread specifically for racing and jumping, that 16 00:01:04,440 --> 00:01:06,959 Speaker 1: can be traced back to horses that were imported to 17 00:01:07,000 --> 00:01:11,560 Speaker 1: England in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Since then, the 18 00:01:11,600 --> 00:01:14,639 Speaker 1: English Thoroughbred has been introduced to countries around the world 19 00:01:14,760 --> 00:01:19,679 Speaker 1: for racing, or improving other breeds. The introduction of thoroughbreds 20 00:01:19,760 --> 00:01:23,440 Speaker 1: led to the creation of thoroughbred only races. In seventeen 21 00:01:23,480 --> 00:01:26,360 Speaker 1: eighty the first running of the Derby at Epsom Downs 22 00:01:26,400 --> 00:01:30,640 Speaker 1: and Surrey, England, took place. A Derby is usually restricted 23 00:01:30,680 --> 00:01:34,520 Speaker 1: to three year old thoroughbreds. The Derby was named after 24 00:01:34,720 --> 00:01:39,080 Speaker 1: Edwards Stanley, the twelfth Earl of Derby, and the Kentucky Derby, 25 00:01:39,200 --> 00:01:43,760 Speaker 1: in turn was named after the Epsom Derby. While Merriweather 26 00:01:43,880 --> 00:01:48,320 Speaker 1: Louis Clark, explorer William Clark's grandson, was in England in 27 00:01:48,360 --> 00:01:51,440 Speaker 1: the eighteen seventy two, he attended the Derby and hung 28 00:01:51,440 --> 00:01:54,440 Speaker 1: out with the French Jockey Club, which had developed a 29 00:01:54,480 --> 00:01:57,960 Speaker 1: different horse race. By this time. The Derby was a 30 00:01:58,120 --> 00:02:01,840 Speaker 1: huge social gathering where people of the aristocracy and working 31 00:02:01,880 --> 00:02:06,320 Speaker 1: class alike spent time gambling, playing games, and essentially partying. 32 00:02:07,400 --> 00:02:09,680 Speaker 1: When Clark went back to the US, he was sent 33 00:02:09,800 --> 00:02:13,320 Speaker 1: on creating a horse race of his own. Clark's family 34 00:02:13,360 --> 00:02:17,200 Speaker 1: home was in Louisville, Kentucky. Horse breeding and horse racing 35 00:02:17,200 --> 00:02:20,240 Speaker 1: were already part of the city and countries culture, and 36 00:02:20,360 --> 00:02:24,799 Speaker 1: racetracks were popping up. Clark's uncle's John and Henry Churchill 37 00:02:25,080 --> 00:02:27,519 Speaker 1: gave him land to build a race track, and Clark's 38 00:02:27,520 --> 00:02:31,079 Speaker 1: solicited subscription memberships to get money to build a stable, 39 00:02:31,200 --> 00:02:35,240 Speaker 1: a clubhouse, a grand stand, and the porter's lodge. The 40 00:02:35,320 --> 00:02:38,760 Speaker 1: land became known as Churchill Downs, and the local race 41 00:02:38,840 --> 00:02:41,760 Speaker 1: fans who raised money to build the racetrack became the 42 00:02:41,800 --> 00:02:46,800 Speaker 1: Louisville Jockey Club. On May seventeen, eighteen seventy five, the 43 00:02:46,840 --> 00:02:51,320 Speaker 1: Louisville Jockey Club and Driving Park hosted its first Kentucky Derby. 44 00:02:51,639 --> 00:02:55,560 Speaker 1: About ten thousand people attended that first Kentucky Derby. They 45 00:02:55,600 --> 00:02:59,000 Speaker 1: watched fifteen three year old thoroughbreds run a mile and 46 00:02:59,040 --> 00:03:03,400 Speaker 1: a half. Oliver Lewis and his horse, a chestnut Thoroughbred 47 00:03:03,560 --> 00:03:06,560 Speaker 1: name Aristides, won the race in a little more than 48 00:03:06,600 --> 00:03:10,680 Speaker 1: two minutes in thirty seven seconds. Louis got two thousand, 49 00:03:10,760 --> 00:03:13,520 Speaker 1: eight hundred and fifty dollars in prize money, though he 50 00:03:13,600 --> 00:03:16,519 Speaker 1: did not race in the Kentucky Derby again and moved 51 00:03:16,600 --> 00:03:20,400 Speaker 1: on to work in training and bookmaking. Louis, along with 52 00:03:20,440 --> 00:03:23,080 Speaker 1: twelve other jockeys and many of the trainers at the 53 00:03:23,120 --> 00:03:27,080 Speaker 1: eighteen seventy five Kentucky Derby were black. There was a 54 00:03:27,200 --> 00:03:29,800 Speaker 1: kind of class division. In the Kentucky Derby set up, 55 00:03:30,320 --> 00:03:33,239 Speaker 1: the grandstand and clubhouse were pretty upity and had a 56 00:03:33,360 --> 00:03:36,640 Speaker 1: dress code, while the infield was less subject to upper 57 00:03:36,640 --> 00:03:41,040 Speaker 1: class scrutiny. Also, the betting stand was deemed an inappropriate 58 00:03:41,080 --> 00:03:44,440 Speaker 1: place for women. Still, the event attracted a lot of 59 00:03:44,480 --> 00:03:47,240 Speaker 1: people who were into horse races and others who came 60 00:03:47,280 --> 00:03:50,360 Speaker 1: for the camaraderie. But as the century was coming to 61 00:03:50,440 --> 00:03:54,120 Speaker 1: a close, the Kentucky Derby was not doing so well financially, 62 00:03:54,800 --> 00:03:57,960 Speaker 1: so the Louisville Jockey Club got new owners and the 63 00:03:57,960 --> 00:04:04,160 Speaker 1: track and race were revamped. Clark died in Over the 64 00:04:04,200 --> 00:04:08,080 Speaker 1: next decades the Kentucky Derby's facilities and image were updated. 65 00:04:08,640 --> 00:04:11,440 Speaker 1: For a while, women had separate seating and the grand 66 00:04:11,480 --> 00:04:15,120 Speaker 1: stand away from the betting stand. Over All, the Kentucky 67 00:04:15,160 --> 00:04:19,839 Speaker 1: Derby was and still is a very male dominated event. Also, 68 00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:23,359 Speaker 1: the increasing popularity of the black jockeys led them to 69 00:04:23,520 --> 00:04:27,159 Speaker 1: systemically being pushed out of the Kentucky Derby. In addition 70 00:04:27,160 --> 00:04:30,200 Speaker 1: to this, the Kentucky Derby has faced criticism over the 71 00:04:30,240 --> 00:04:34,559 Speaker 1: treatment of animals involved. A number of traditions have become 72 00:04:34,600 --> 00:04:38,000 Speaker 1: part of the Kentucky Derby experience, like the mint Jeluk 73 00:04:38,240 --> 00:04:41,680 Speaker 1: and the awarding of roses to the winner. The Kentucky 74 00:04:41,680 --> 00:04:44,800 Speaker 1: Derby is the first leg of the United States Triple Crown, 75 00:04:45,120 --> 00:04:48,000 Speaker 1: the title given to horses who win the Kentucky Derby, 76 00:04:48,160 --> 00:04:52,599 Speaker 1: Preak Mistakes and Belmont Stakes. I'm Eaves, Jeff Coote, and 77 00:04:52,600 --> 00:04:55,400 Speaker 1: hopefully you know a little more about history today than 78 00:04:55,440 --> 00:04:58,760 Speaker 1: you did yesterday. If you'd like to learn more about 79 00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:01,520 Speaker 1: the Kentucky Derby, listen to the episode of Stuff You 80 00:05:01,520 --> 00:05:06,680 Speaker 1: Missed in History Class titled The Kentucky Derby's First fifty Years. Also, 81 00:05:06,800 --> 00:05:10,200 Speaker 1: I would like to note that Derby is pronounced Derby 82 00:05:10,320 --> 00:05:14,120 Speaker 1: in the United States, but in Britain is pronounced Derby. 83 00:05:16,040 --> 00:05:19,599 Speaker 1: You can find us on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook at 84 00:05:19,680 --> 00:05:25,120 Speaker 1: t d I h C podcast. Thanks again for listening, 85 00:05:25,520 --> 00:05:28,080 Speaker 1: and I hope you come back tomorrow for more delicious 86 00:05:28,080 --> 00:05:40,359 Speaker 1: morsels of history. Hello everyone, I'm Eves and welcome to 87 00:05:40,400 --> 00:05:43,240 Speaker 1: the Stand History Class, a podcast that rips out a 88 00:05:43,240 --> 00:05:51,200 Speaker 1: page from the book of history every day. The day 89 00:05:51,279 --> 00:05:56,080 Speaker 1: was May nineteen fifty four. Groundwork began on the CERN 90 00:05:56,200 --> 00:06:01,280 Speaker 1: site at Maehran in Geneva, Switzerland. CERN, whose full name 91 00:06:01,400 --> 00:06:05,640 Speaker 1: is the European Organization for Nuclear Research operates the largest 92 00:06:05,640 --> 00:06:09,600 Speaker 1: particle physics lab in the world. In ninety nine, at 93 00:06:09,600 --> 00:06:13,800 Speaker 1: the European Cultural Conference in Lausanne, Switzerland, physicist Louis de 94 00:06:13,880 --> 00:06:17,280 Speaker 1: Bruya proposed setting up a new European lab to keep 95 00:06:17,400 --> 00:06:21,640 Speaker 1: physicists from leaving Europe for North America. The next year, 96 00:06:21,760 --> 00:06:25,960 Speaker 1: at the UNESCO General Conference in Florence, American physicist Isidor 97 00:06:26,080 --> 00:06:30,200 Speaker 1: Robbie called for UNESCO to create an organization of regional 98 00:06:30,240 --> 00:06:35,240 Speaker 1: research centers and labs to increase the international collaboration of scientists. 99 00:06:35,640 --> 00:06:38,880 Speaker 1: He set the following The purpose we have in mind 100 00:06:38,960 --> 00:06:41,440 Speaker 1: is to get the most vigorous competition of our fellow 101 00:06:41,480 --> 00:06:44,680 Speaker 1: scientists in Europe and elsewhere in the world and creative 102 00:06:44,680 --> 00:06:48,200 Speaker 1: work on behalf of peace. After all, science had his 103 00:06:48,320 --> 00:06:50,400 Speaker 1: birth in Europe, and there are many men of the 104 00:06:50,400 --> 00:06:54,000 Speaker 1: greatest ability in Europe who are being prevented from fulfilling 105 00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:58,120 Speaker 1: their parts in the great European scientific tradition only because 106 00:06:58,160 --> 00:07:00,520 Speaker 1: of lack of the instruments so nest the sary in 107 00:07:00,640 --> 00:07:04,240 Speaker 1: modern research. We want to preserve the international Fellowship of 108 00:07:04,279 --> 00:07:07,320 Speaker 1: Science to keep the light of science burning brightly in 109 00:07:07,360 --> 00:07:11,040 Speaker 1: Western Europe. He went on to say that setting up 110 00:07:11,040 --> 00:07:13,560 Speaker 1: the centers would be one of the best ways to 111 00:07:13,600 --> 00:07:20,200 Speaker 1: save Western civilization, notwithstanding Robbie's exaggerated claims. The Resolution on 112 00:07:20,280 --> 00:07:23,680 Speaker 1: the creation of a European Council for Nuclear Research was 113 00:07:23,720 --> 00:07:27,120 Speaker 1: adopted at an intergovernmental meeting of UNESCO in Paris in 114 00:07:27,200 --> 00:07:31,800 Speaker 1: nineteen fifty one. Eleven countries soon signed an agreement establishing 115 00:07:31,840 --> 00:07:35,080 Speaker 1: the Provisional Council CERN, which was an acronym for the 116 00:07:35,120 --> 00:07:39,640 Speaker 1: European Council for Nuclear Research in French. The first meeting 117 00:07:39,640 --> 00:07:42,040 Speaker 1: of the CERTAIN Council took place in May of nineteen 118 00:07:42,040 --> 00:07:46,000 Speaker 1: fifty two. At its third session, the Council selected Geneva 119 00:07:46,040 --> 00:07:49,560 Speaker 1: as a site for the CERTAIN lab. On May seventeenth, 120 00:07:49,680 --> 00:07:53,000 Speaker 1: nineteen fifty four, work began on a CERTAIN site at 121 00:07:53,000 --> 00:07:57,080 Speaker 1: Maehran in Geneva, and on September twenty nine, after France 122 00:07:57,120 --> 00:07:59,760 Speaker 1: and Germany became the last of the founding member states 123 00:07:59,800 --> 00:08:03,760 Speaker 1: to ratify the CERN Convention, the Provisional Council was dissolved 124 00:08:04,040 --> 00:08:07,760 Speaker 1: and the European Organization for Nuclear Research was born, but 125 00:08:07,880 --> 00:08:12,080 Speaker 1: it still kept the acronym CERN. The twelve member states 126 00:08:12,120 --> 00:08:18,080 Speaker 1: that signed the CERN Convention Rebelgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, 127 00:08:18,320 --> 00:08:24,440 Speaker 1: the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and Yugoslavia. Since then, 128 00:08:24,600 --> 00:08:28,760 Speaker 1: Yugoslavia has left in other countries have joined. The convention 129 00:08:28,800 --> 00:08:31,480 Speaker 1: outlined the way that member states would contribute to CERN's 130 00:08:31,520 --> 00:08:34,840 Speaker 1: budget and laid out some details of its early organization. 131 00:08:35,920 --> 00:08:39,000 Speaker 1: The first session of the Permanent CERN Council took place 132 00:08:39,000 --> 00:08:42,679 Speaker 1: in October of nineteen fifty four in Geneva. By November, 133 00:08:42,960 --> 00:08:47,439 Speaker 1: CERN already had one and eighty employees. In June of 134 00:08:47,520 --> 00:08:50,840 Speaker 1: nineteen fifty five, Felix Block, the Director General of CERN, 135 00:08:51,280 --> 00:08:54,880 Speaker 1: laid the first foundation stone on the lab site. In 136 00:08:54,960 --> 00:09:00,000 Speaker 1: nineteen fifty seven, serns first accelerator, the synchrol cyclotron, began operating. 137 00:09:00,760 --> 00:09:04,079 Speaker 1: It provided beams for CERN's first experiments and particle and 138 00:09:04,160 --> 00:09:08,079 Speaker 1: nuclear physics. An accelerator is a machine that propels charged 139 00:09:08,120 --> 00:09:13,760 Speaker 1: particles like protos or electrons at extremely high speeds. CERN 140 00:09:13,840 --> 00:09:17,199 Speaker 1: has been home to many important experiments and discoveries, like 141 00:09:17,360 --> 00:09:21,400 Speaker 1: those of the w n Z bosons. CERN also played 142 00:09:21,440 --> 00:09:24,160 Speaker 1: a role in the introduction of the Worldwide Web and 143 00:09:24,320 --> 00:09:27,400 Speaker 1: is home to the large had Drawn Collider, the largest 144 00:09:27,440 --> 00:09:31,840 Speaker 1: and most powerful particle accelerator in the world. I'm Eve 145 00:09:31,920 --> 00:09:34,720 Speaker 1: chef Cote and hopefully you know a little more about 146 00:09:34,760 --> 00:09:37,800 Speaker 1: history today than you did yesterday. And if you have 147 00:09:37,920 --> 00:09:41,040 Speaker 1: any comments or suggestions for future shows, you can send 148 00:09:41,080 --> 00:09:43,360 Speaker 1: them to us at this Day at I heeart media 149 00:09:43,440 --> 00:09:45,440 Speaker 1: dot com and if you want to hit us up 150 00:09:45,480 --> 00:09:49,480 Speaker 1: on social media, we're at t D I h C. Podcast. 151 00:09:50,400 --> 00:09:52,520 Speaker 1: Thanks again for listening to the show and we'll see 152 00:09:52,559 --> 00:10:03,400 Speaker 1: you tomorrow. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, 153 00:10:03,480 --> 00:10:06,040 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.