1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:03,320 Speaker 1: The following episode contains graphic scenes of injury and death 2 00:00:03,480 --> 00:00:07,039 Speaker 1: that some may find disturbing. For rental discretion is advised 3 00:00:18,160 --> 00:00:22,600 Speaker 1: you're listening to Unexplained, Season seven, episode one, The Fall 4 00:00:22,680 --> 00:00:34,440 Speaker 1: Without End, Part two. For Frank Olson's family, prior to 5 00:00:34,479 --> 00:00:38,720 Speaker 1: the revelations of the nineteen seventy five Rockefeller Inquiry, it 6 00:00:38,800 --> 00:00:42,559 Speaker 1: had always felt like there was some key information missing 7 00:00:42,640 --> 00:00:45,839 Speaker 1: from the story of Frank's death. But now that they 8 00:00:45,880 --> 00:00:49,120 Speaker 1: had some of those missing pieces, the full picture was 9 00:00:49,200 --> 00:00:52,680 Speaker 1: worse than they could have imagined. Not only had Frank's 10 00:00:52,720 --> 00:00:56,160 Speaker 1: death been indirectly caused by the government he devoted his 11 00:00:56,280 --> 00:01:00,280 Speaker 1: life to, but the CIA had been actively like to 12 00:01:00,320 --> 00:01:04,400 Speaker 1: the family ever since, and they'd done it through Vincent Ruitt, 13 00:01:04,800 --> 00:01:08,000 Speaker 1: who had become a trusted friend for both Alice and 14 00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:12,280 Speaker 1: her by then grown up children. Within days at the 15 00:01:12,319 --> 00:01:15,920 Speaker 1: report's release, the family held a press conference in their 16 00:01:15,959 --> 00:01:20,080 Speaker 1: backyard and announced their intention to file a lawsuit against 17 00:01:20,120 --> 00:01:25,360 Speaker 1: the CIA. But Alice was also determined to set something straight. 18 00:01:26,319 --> 00:01:29,600 Speaker 1: Stoically reading out a prepared statement in front of the 19 00:01:29,600 --> 00:01:33,880 Speaker 1: photographers and reporters, she painted a picture of Olsen in 20 00:01:33,920 --> 00:01:37,360 Speaker 1: his final days that was at odds with the agencies. 21 00:01:38,360 --> 00:01:43,480 Speaker 1: He wasn't irrational or mentally unstable, she said. Instead, she 22 00:01:43,560 --> 00:01:47,040 Speaker 1: felt he was simply consumed by melancholy and had talked 23 00:01:47,080 --> 00:01:52,320 Speaker 1: repeatedly about leaving his job. Scrambling to contain the fallout, 24 00:01:52,760 --> 00:01:56,600 Speaker 1: the CIA enlisted some friends in high places to help 25 00:01:56,640 --> 00:02:01,480 Speaker 1: with damage control. The Rockefeller report had been damaging enough. 26 00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:05,640 Speaker 1: If Frank Olsen's family followed through with the lawsuit, it 27 00:02:05,720 --> 00:02:09,880 Speaker 1: could force the agency to disclose classified information that could 28 00:02:09,880 --> 00:02:14,120 Speaker 1: put national security at risk. It fell to then President 29 00:02:14,360 --> 00:02:18,960 Speaker 1: Gerald Ford's chief of staff, Donald Rumsfeldt and his deputy, 30 00:02:19,160 --> 00:02:24,360 Speaker 1: Dick Cheney, to manage the situation. Their first mission was 31 00:02:24,400 --> 00:02:27,840 Speaker 1: finding a way to placate the family, and so it 32 00:02:28,040 --> 00:02:31,720 Speaker 1: was that shortly after the press conference, Alice Olsen received 33 00:02:31,720 --> 00:02:35,880 Speaker 1: a letter in the post. Inside she found an invitation 34 00:02:36,080 --> 00:02:40,960 Speaker 1: to the White House. On July twenty first, nineteen seventy five, 35 00:02:41,400 --> 00:02:45,880 Speaker 1: Alice and her three children, Eric, Nils, and Lisa arrived 36 00:02:45,919 --> 00:02:50,400 Speaker 1: at sixteen hundred Pennsylvania Avenue. It was hard not to 37 00:02:50,440 --> 00:02:53,760 Speaker 1: be overawed as they were welcomed into the Oval office 38 00:02:53,960 --> 00:02:57,440 Speaker 1: by President Ford himself, who began by making a formal 39 00:02:57,480 --> 00:03:00,840 Speaker 1: apology to the family. On behalf of the U s government. 40 00:03:01,520 --> 00:03:05,240 Speaker 1: He also expressed his personal sympathy for what they'd been through. 41 00:03:06,240 --> 00:03:09,480 Speaker 1: White House officials promised the family that there would be 42 00:03:09,680 --> 00:03:12,640 Speaker 1: no more lies from now on, and that they'd be 43 00:03:12,680 --> 00:03:22,720 Speaker 1: given all of the facts as soon as possible. It 44 00:03:22,840 --> 00:03:25,720 Speaker 1: was a week later when Alice and her children met 45 00:03:25,760 --> 00:03:29,919 Speaker 1: with CIA Director William Colby, who gave them a thick 46 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:36,080 Speaker 1: sheaf of declassified documents containing information about Frank's death. After 47 00:03:36,240 --> 00:03:40,400 Speaker 1: so many years with no answers, it felt like striking gold, 48 00:03:40,960 --> 00:03:44,640 Speaker 1: But the documents opened up as many questions as they 49 00:03:44,680 --> 00:03:49,040 Speaker 1: had answers. As Alice scanned through the pages, she could 50 00:03:49,080 --> 00:03:52,920 Speaker 1: see immediately that they were not being given the full picture. 51 00:03:54,200 --> 00:03:58,080 Speaker 1: Line after line had been redacted, leaving only a muddled, 52 00:03:58,160 --> 00:04:02,880 Speaker 1: bity version of the truth with many crucial details left out. 53 00:04:04,200 --> 00:04:08,360 Speaker 1: Like most high level CIA employees, Olsen's work with the 54 00:04:08,400 --> 00:04:12,920 Speaker 1: agency had to be kept absolutely secret. His family had 55 00:04:12,960 --> 00:04:16,760 Speaker 1: always believed that he was a civilian employee working for 56 00:04:16,839 --> 00:04:20,159 Speaker 1: the military, and there was nothing in Colby's documents to 57 00:04:20,240 --> 00:04:24,880 Speaker 1: contradict that. As far as they knew, Olson's involvement with 58 00:04:24,960 --> 00:04:28,520 Speaker 1: the CIA had begun just days before his death, when 59 00:04:28,560 --> 00:04:31,200 Speaker 1: they droped him in as an unwitting guinea pig in 60 00:04:31,279 --> 00:04:36,440 Speaker 1: their psychedelic drug experiment. Even after reading through the documents, 61 00:04:36,760 --> 00:04:40,200 Speaker 1: they had no idea just how close Olson's ties to 62 00:04:40,240 --> 00:04:44,160 Speaker 1: the agency were, or, more perdinently, that he was one 63 00:04:44,160 --> 00:04:47,560 Speaker 1: of just a handful of men who knew the CIA's 64 00:04:47,760 --> 00:04:52,440 Speaker 1: darke As secrets. The document release was the first step 65 00:04:52,520 --> 00:04:56,680 Speaker 1: and a lengthy negotiation between the American government and the Olsons. 66 00:04:57,600 --> 00:05:00,880 Speaker 1: After that, the family agreed to a seven hundred and 67 00:05:00,920 --> 00:05:05,040 Speaker 1: fifty thousand dollars settlement in exchange for signing a contract 68 00:05:05,400 --> 00:05:09,800 Speaker 1: not to pursue any further legal action. The amount was 69 00:05:09,880 --> 00:05:13,680 Speaker 1: much less than they'd initially been promised, but perhaps in 70 00:05:13,720 --> 00:05:17,240 Speaker 1: the absence of the whole truth and knowing what impossible 71 00:05:17,320 --> 00:05:20,520 Speaker 1: lengths it would take to get it, it provided some 72 00:05:20,600 --> 00:05:24,320 Speaker 1: closure at least, and with that, just as they had 73 00:05:24,360 --> 00:05:28,000 Speaker 1: been forced to do two decades earlier, the Olsons tried 74 00:05:28,040 --> 00:05:31,200 Speaker 1: to move on with their lives, choking back all of 75 00:05:31,240 --> 00:05:36,440 Speaker 1: their unanswered questions. But Eric, Alice and Frank's oldest son, 76 00:05:37,160 --> 00:05:41,520 Speaker 1: just couldn't do it this time. Ever since his father's 77 00:05:41,560 --> 00:05:45,039 Speaker 1: mysterious death, he'd thought about what it would feel like 78 00:05:45,440 --> 00:05:49,599 Speaker 1: to finally know the truth. He'd imagined catharsis and a 79 00:05:49,680 --> 00:05:54,160 Speaker 1: sense of relief, the very least he deserved. Yet now 80 00:05:54,480 --> 00:05:58,559 Speaker 1: he felt none of that. If the CIA had really 81 00:05:58,600 --> 00:06:03,360 Speaker 1: come clean, this LSD story was the whole truth, then 82 00:06:03,400 --> 00:06:06,160 Speaker 1: why did it still feel like the wool was being 83 00:06:06,200 --> 00:06:16,600 Speaker 1: pulled over his eyes? Like the rest of the surviving family. 84 00:06:17,080 --> 00:06:20,760 Speaker 1: For years, Eric turned the events of nineteen fifty three 85 00:06:21,040 --> 00:06:23,960 Speaker 1: over and over in his head to make the pieces 86 00:06:24,000 --> 00:06:28,640 Speaker 1: fit together into a coherent story. After weeks of trying, 87 00:06:28,880 --> 00:06:34,040 Speaker 1: he eventually succeeded in tracking down Sydney Gottlieb and Robert Lashbrook, 88 00:06:34,400 --> 00:06:39,640 Speaker 1: the CIA scientists who'd overseen the disastrous LSD experiment that 89 00:06:39,760 --> 00:06:45,440 Speaker 1: had supposedly sent Olson spiraling into madness. Gottlieb was the 90 00:06:45,440 --> 00:06:48,120 Speaker 1: one who slipped the drug into the Quontroe that night. 91 00:06:49,000 --> 00:06:53,799 Speaker 1: Although disciplinary action had been recommended by the CIA's General Council, 92 00:06:54,240 --> 00:06:56,400 Speaker 1: he was let off with little more than a slap 93 00:06:56,440 --> 00:06:59,640 Speaker 1: on the wrist and had remained in senior positions at 94 00:06:59,640 --> 00:07:03,720 Speaker 1: the age for many years. When Eric showed up at 95 00:07:03,720 --> 00:07:07,680 Speaker 1: his door, accompanied by his mother Alice and brother Nils, 96 00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:12,200 Speaker 1: Gottley was polite and apologetic, making all the right noises 97 00:07:12,280 --> 00:07:16,560 Speaker 1: about the terrible circumstances of Frank's death, but when they 98 00:07:16,640 --> 00:07:20,040 Speaker 1: left his house later that afternoon, they did so with 99 00:07:20,200 --> 00:07:25,320 Speaker 1: nothing they didn't already know. Lashbrook, who'd shared the hotel 100 00:07:25,400 --> 00:07:28,440 Speaker 1: room with Olson on the night he died, wasn't much 101 00:07:28,520 --> 00:07:33,400 Speaker 1: more forthcoming. When the family tracked him down in Ohai, California, 102 00:07:33,680 --> 00:07:36,120 Speaker 1: he invited them to take a seat in the living room, 103 00:07:36,360 --> 00:07:39,720 Speaker 1: where he proceeded to walk them through everything he remembered. 104 00:07:40,760 --> 00:07:43,880 Speaker 1: He and Olson had both gone to sleep around ten 105 00:07:44,040 --> 00:07:47,840 Speaker 1: thirty pm, he said, a few hours later he was 106 00:07:47,840 --> 00:07:51,840 Speaker 1: startled awake by the sound of glass breaking. When his 107 00:07:51,920 --> 00:07:55,480 Speaker 1: eyes adjusted to the dark, he saw the broken glass 108 00:07:55,480 --> 00:07:59,480 Speaker 1: all over the floor, the smashed out window, and the 109 00:07:59,560 --> 00:08:03,840 Speaker 1: curtain billowing at the chilly night air, And then he 110 00:08:03,920 --> 00:08:09,000 Speaker 1: saw that Olson's bed was empty. The man seemed twitchy 111 00:08:09,040 --> 00:08:13,080 Speaker 1: and nervous as he talked, his eyes darting about the room, 112 00:08:13,600 --> 00:08:16,960 Speaker 1: seemingly unable to meet with Eric's or any one else. 113 00:08:18,040 --> 00:08:21,160 Speaker 1: The story was precisely the same as what he'd told 114 00:08:21,200 --> 00:08:25,080 Speaker 1: the police at the time, and Eric didn't buy any 115 00:08:25,080 --> 00:08:29,360 Speaker 1: of it. It was then that Eric decided he had 116 00:08:29,400 --> 00:08:41,400 Speaker 1: to see the scene of the crime for himself. At 117 00:08:41,440 --> 00:08:44,800 Speaker 1: some time during the nineteen eighties, Eric Olsen booked a 118 00:08:44,840 --> 00:08:48,000 Speaker 1: flight to New York and checked into the Statler Hotel 119 00:08:48,200 --> 00:08:52,640 Speaker 1: in Midtown Manhattan. At the reception desk, he requested Room 120 00:08:52,880 --> 00:08:56,880 Speaker 1: ten eighteen A on the thirteenth floor, the room in 121 00:08:56,920 --> 00:09:01,840 Speaker 1: which his father had spent his final hours. The hotel 122 00:09:01,920 --> 00:09:05,200 Speaker 1: had changed hands several times in the past three decades, 123 00:09:05,559 --> 00:09:08,439 Speaker 1: but the structure was the same, not least of all 124 00:09:08,559 --> 00:09:13,480 Speaker 1: the grand colonnaded lobby from where night manager Armond Pastory 125 00:09:13,960 --> 00:09:17,679 Speaker 1: witnessed Frank fall to the pavement all those years before. 126 00:09:19,040 --> 00:09:22,520 Speaker 1: Looking about, Eric shuddered at the thought of it as 127 00:09:22,640 --> 00:09:26,720 Speaker 1: distorted images of his father's death raced through his mind. 128 00:09:27,880 --> 00:09:31,319 Speaker 1: Taking the lift up to the thirteenth floor, of all places, 129 00:09:31,600 --> 00:09:33,600 Speaker 1: it was hard not to feel the weight of it 130 00:09:33,679 --> 00:09:37,680 Speaker 1: all as he traced his father's last footsteps to room 131 00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:42,000 Speaker 1: ten eighteen A, And as soon as Eric walked inside, 132 00:09:42,520 --> 00:09:47,360 Speaker 1: all of his misgivings about Robert Lashbrook's story only intensified. 133 00:09:48,840 --> 00:09:52,800 Speaker 1: For one, the room was much much smaller than he'd imagine, 134 00:09:53,080 --> 00:09:56,840 Speaker 1: and so was the window, that pane of glass which 135 00:09:56,840 --> 00:10:00,800 Speaker 1: had loomed so largely over him in countless nights for 136 00:10:00,880 --> 00:10:06,200 Speaker 1: so many years. So much more compact and mundane. He'd 137 00:10:06,240 --> 00:10:09,800 Speaker 1: often imagined his father taking a running jump through this 138 00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:14,880 Speaker 1: closed window and plummeting thirteen stories to his death. But 139 00:10:15,040 --> 00:10:18,760 Speaker 1: looking at it now, this mental image made no sense. 140 00:10:19,559 --> 00:10:22,120 Speaker 1: There wasn't enough space in the room to run at 141 00:10:22,160 --> 00:10:26,400 Speaker 1: any kind of speed or gather enough momentum to shatter glass. 142 00:10:27,360 --> 00:10:30,640 Speaker 1: There was also a radiator right in front of the window, 143 00:10:31,200 --> 00:10:33,720 Speaker 1: and the sill was so high that you'd have to 144 00:10:33,760 --> 00:10:38,080 Speaker 1: make a significant leap to reach it. In that moment, 145 00:10:38,520 --> 00:10:42,880 Speaker 1: the official story went from far fetched to just plain bullshit. 146 00:10:43,200 --> 00:10:48,120 Speaker 1: In Eric's mind, his father's apparent suicide had always been 147 00:10:48,200 --> 00:10:53,839 Speaker 1: emotionally hard to swallow, but now it also seemed physically impossible. 148 00:10:54,679 --> 00:10:58,120 Speaker 1: But Eric was powerless to do more. It was clear 149 00:10:58,200 --> 00:11:03,240 Speaker 1: that the government had closed ranks. Lashbrook and Gottlieb had 150 00:11:03,280 --> 00:11:05,880 Speaker 1: said all they were ever going to say, and the 151 00:11:05,920 --> 00:11:09,520 Speaker 1: only other person who knew what really happened inside this 152 00:11:09,720 --> 00:11:16,120 Speaker 1: room had been permanently silenced, or had he. The dead 153 00:11:16,160 --> 00:11:20,680 Speaker 1: tell no tales, but their bodies do. In the usual 154 00:11:20,800 --> 00:11:24,839 Speaker 1: course of things, when a person dies a violent, unnatural, 155 00:11:24,920 --> 00:11:28,960 Speaker 1: or mysterious death, a coroner gets the chance to examine 156 00:11:28,960 --> 00:11:33,560 Speaker 1: their corpse interpret whatever clues are present and determine a 157 00:11:33,640 --> 00:11:37,640 Speaker 1: cause of death based on the evidence. But no autopsy 158 00:11:37,960 --> 00:11:42,040 Speaker 1: was ever performed on Frank Olsen. The government had made 159 00:11:42,080 --> 00:11:46,440 Speaker 1: sure of it. Forty years later, Eric set out to 160 00:11:46,559 --> 00:11:49,920 Speaker 1: right that wrong. He was going to have his father's 161 00:11:49,960 --> 00:12:01,600 Speaker 1: body exhumed. On a bright summer's day in nineteen ninety four, 162 00:12:02,120 --> 00:12:06,480 Speaker 1: the Linden Hills Cemetery in Frederick, Maryland was unusually busy. 163 00:12:07,480 --> 00:12:12,160 Speaker 1: Eric Olsen stood beside his father's grave, squinted under the 164 00:12:12,160 --> 00:12:15,520 Speaker 1: glare of the sun as a mechanical digger clawed its 165 00:12:15,559 --> 00:12:19,280 Speaker 1: way through the soil, while a small crowd of reporters 166 00:12:19,520 --> 00:12:25,559 Speaker 1: stood watch around him. Moments later, Frank Olson's now exposed 167 00:12:25,640 --> 00:12:29,720 Speaker 1: casket was carefully raised from the earth, the word only 168 00:12:29,840 --> 00:12:36,400 Speaker 1: slightly decomposed after forty years underground. From there, it was 169 00:12:36,440 --> 00:12:41,560 Speaker 1: transported to the forensics department of George Washington University Law School, 170 00:12:41,920 --> 00:12:46,240 Speaker 1: where a team of pathologists began the slow, painstaking process 171 00:12:46,559 --> 00:12:52,120 Speaker 1: that should have taken place years earlier. In nineteen fifty three, 172 00:12:52,200 --> 00:12:55,760 Speaker 1: Alice Olsen had been told that Frank's body was too 173 00:12:55,840 --> 00:12:59,319 Speaker 1: badly damaged for an open casket funeral to be held, 174 00:12:59,800 --> 00:13:04,040 Speaker 1: and that his face was disfigured from lacerations caused by 175 00:13:04,040 --> 00:13:08,160 Speaker 1: the glass breaking around him. But when the forensic team 176 00:13:08,280 --> 00:13:12,480 Speaker 1: opened the casket, they found an embalmed corpse in close 177 00:13:12,559 --> 00:13:17,959 Speaker 1: to perfect condition. There were no serious cuts or lacerations 178 00:13:18,120 --> 00:13:21,960 Speaker 1: on his face at all, and no microscopic shots of 179 00:13:22,040 --> 00:13:26,600 Speaker 1: glass embedded in his head or neck. Certainly nothing close 180 00:13:26,720 --> 00:13:29,360 Speaker 1: to the kinds of injuries one would expect to find 181 00:13:29,679 --> 00:13:32,640 Speaker 1: on a man who'd jumped through a plate glass window 182 00:13:32,880 --> 00:13:37,280 Speaker 1: head first. But what the team did find was a 183 00:13:37,360 --> 00:13:42,560 Speaker 1: large hematoma on Olsen's left temple, a gathering of blood 184 00:13:42,600 --> 00:13:47,000 Speaker 1: about the size of a fist pulled underneath unbroken skin. 185 00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:51,079 Speaker 1: They all agreed that this injury could not have been 186 00:13:51,120 --> 00:13:54,640 Speaker 1: caused by his impact with the ground, because the velocity 187 00:13:54,679 --> 00:13:58,520 Speaker 1: of that fall would have caused much more extensive damage, 188 00:13:59,200 --> 00:14:02,839 Speaker 1: and in any case, Olson had reportedly landed on his back, 189 00:14:03,400 --> 00:14:08,439 Speaker 1: not his side. Opinions varied on what exactly this meant. 190 00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:12,240 Speaker 1: One pathologist suggested Olson might have hit his head on 191 00:14:12,320 --> 00:14:15,920 Speaker 1: the window frame as he jumped, but the others disagreed. 192 00:14:16,960 --> 00:14:21,000 Speaker 1: To James Stars, the lead pathologist, there was no doubting 193 00:14:21,120 --> 00:14:24,960 Speaker 1: that the blow to the head had happened before Olson 194 00:14:25,080 --> 00:14:29,840 Speaker 1: went through the window, someone he believed, though he couldn't 195 00:14:29,880 --> 00:14:34,360 Speaker 1: prove it at first, not Frank unconscious before he died. 196 00:14:35,920 --> 00:14:39,280 Speaker 1: Stars and his team spent more than a month studying 197 00:14:39,320 --> 00:14:42,920 Speaker 1: the body before finally calling a news conference to deliver 198 00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:48,080 Speaker 1: their findings. When Stars addressed reporters, he acknowledged that the 199 00:14:48,120 --> 00:14:52,520 Speaker 1: team hadn't found any smoking guns, there was no scientific 200 00:14:52,560 --> 00:14:58,240 Speaker 1: evidence to contradict the official narrative. However, he emphasized the 201 00:14:58,280 --> 00:15:02,040 Speaker 1: inexplicable injury on Old Wilson's temple and the lack of 202 00:15:02,160 --> 00:15:07,400 Speaker 1: any lacerations consistent with broken glass. He said that in 203 00:15:07,480 --> 00:15:11,600 Speaker 1: his opinion, the hematoma could only have been caused by 204 00:15:11,640 --> 00:15:14,880 Speaker 1: a direct, stunning blow to the head, and that he 205 00:15:15,040 --> 00:15:18,760 Speaker 1: was exceedingly skeptical that Olson had gone through the window 206 00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:23,760 Speaker 1: by his own force alone. Asked to clarify what he meant, 207 00:15:24,240 --> 00:15:28,520 Speaker 1: Stars finally came right out and said it. I think 208 00:15:28,680 --> 00:15:34,600 Speaker 1: Frank Olsen was intentionally, deliberately and with malicious forethought thrown 209 00:15:34,680 --> 00:15:46,440 Speaker 1: out of that window. For Eric pathologist James Starr's conclusion 210 00:15:46,800 --> 00:15:51,280 Speaker 1: felt like coming up for air after two decades swimming underwater, 211 00:15:52,160 --> 00:15:55,320 Speaker 1: for the first time someone had said out loud what 212 00:15:55,440 --> 00:15:59,200 Speaker 1: he had long suspected that his father had been murdered, 213 00:16:00,040 --> 00:16:03,840 Speaker 1: But just why would the CIA want Frank Olsen dead. 214 00:16:04,880 --> 00:16:09,040 Speaker 1: To answer that question, it's essential to understand just what 215 00:16:09,280 --> 00:16:13,680 Speaker 1: exactly Olson was doing at Fort Detrick, where he worked 216 00:16:13,720 --> 00:16:17,800 Speaker 1: in the decade prior to his death. During World War II, 217 00:16:18,520 --> 00:16:22,040 Speaker 1: Detric was the U. S Army's base of operations for 218 00:16:22,160 --> 00:16:26,440 Speaker 1: developing biological weapons, and Olsen was one of the first 219 00:16:26,480 --> 00:16:31,520 Speaker 1: scientists to join a clandestine team working on aerosol pathogen 220 00:16:31,640 --> 00:16:38,560 Speaker 1: technologies that is, turning diseases like anthrax into airborne weapons. 221 00:16:39,760 --> 00:16:42,560 Speaker 1: For a number of years, he made several visits to 222 00:16:42,600 --> 00:16:45,760 Speaker 1: a secret military base on an island just off the 223 00:16:45,800 --> 00:16:49,760 Speaker 1: eastern coast of New York, where the army tested toxins 224 00:16:49,960 --> 00:16:53,080 Speaker 1: that were considered too dangerous to be brought onto the 225 00:16:53,200 --> 00:16:58,680 Speaker 1: US mainland. After the war ended, that mission seemed destined 226 00:16:58,680 --> 00:17:02,800 Speaker 1: to fade into obscurity because the government's focus had shifted 227 00:17:02,920 --> 00:17:07,639 Speaker 1: to nuclear weapons. But then in nineteen fifty came the 228 00:17:07,720 --> 00:17:12,280 Speaker 1: Korean War, or the Fatherland Liberation War as it was 229 00:17:12,359 --> 00:17:16,399 Speaker 1: known in North Korea, and with it a new enemy 230 00:17:16,680 --> 00:17:22,760 Speaker 1: with new capabilities. At some point, the CIA became convinced 231 00:17:22,960 --> 00:17:26,760 Speaker 1: that the North Korean military had developed ways to brainwash 232 00:17:26,960 --> 00:17:31,359 Speaker 1: American prisoners of war after many of them signed statements 233 00:17:31,400 --> 00:17:36,159 Speaker 1: criticizing the US government while in captivity. Though there was 234 00:17:36,200 --> 00:17:39,600 Speaker 1: no concrete evidence that this was true, the fear of 235 00:17:39,720 --> 00:17:45,960 Speaker 1: psychological warfare became an obsession, and so the Special Operations 236 00:17:46,040 --> 00:17:50,199 Speaker 1: Division at Fort Detrick was given a new mission to 237 00:17:50,280 --> 00:18:02,760 Speaker 1: investigate ways in which you can control someone's mind. Scientists 238 00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:06,240 Speaker 1: like Frank Olsen were tasked with studying the use of 239 00:18:06,320 --> 00:18:10,280 Speaker 1: drugs for both interrogation and brainwashing as part of a 240 00:18:10,320 --> 00:18:14,680 Speaker 1: top secret program that began under the name Project art Choke. 241 00:18:15,560 --> 00:18:21,680 Speaker 1: In that process, they bore witness to horror. Olsen observed 242 00:18:21,760 --> 00:18:26,640 Speaker 1: the brutal interrogation of prisoners at CIA safe houses in Germany, 243 00:18:26,880 --> 00:18:32,240 Speaker 1: where men were subjected to torture, hypnosis, and forced drug use. 244 00:18:33,359 --> 00:18:37,800 Speaker 1: These interrogations were designed not just to extract information, but 245 00:18:37,880 --> 00:18:43,280 Speaker 1: also to test the limits of experimental brainwashing techniques. When 246 00:18:43,320 --> 00:18:48,119 Speaker 1: detainees died, their lives were simply dismissed as collateral damage, 247 00:18:48,440 --> 00:18:54,080 Speaker 1: the unavoidable cost of protecting US national security. Olson had 248 00:18:54,119 --> 00:18:58,600 Speaker 1: been upset enough when laboratory monkeys died at Detrich. Seeing 249 00:18:58,720 --> 00:19:02,480 Speaker 1: human beings being to the watcher to death shattered him completely. 250 00:19:03,680 --> 00:19:07,639 Speaker 1: In nineteen fifty three, when Olson officially began working for 251 00:19:07,720 --> 00:19:11,960 Speaker 1: the CIA project, Artichoke was succeeded by a new program 252 00:19:12,280 --> 00:19:17,720 Speaker 1: which would expand its extreme interrogation techniques even further. That 253 00:19:17,800 --> 00:19:23,199 Speaker 1: program was known as MK Ultra. It was in the 254 00:19:23,359 --> 00:19:28,439 Speaker 1: mk Ultra era that Olson's misgivings really consumed him. In 255 00:19:28,480 --> 00:19:32,120 Speaker 1: the spring of nineteen fifty three, he flew to England 256 00:19:32,359 --> 00:19:38,959 Speaker 1: to visit porton Down the world's oldest chemical warfare facility. There, 257 00:19:39,480 --> 00:19:45,200 Speaker 1: government scientists were experimenting with newly developed, highly toxic nerve agents. 258 00:19:46,080 --> 00:19:50,719 Speaker 1: Olson's visit coincided with one of the most controversial events 259 00:19:50,760 --> 00:19:55,280 Speaker 1: in Port and Down's history. That May, a twenty year 260 00:19:55,320 --> 00:19:59,320 Speaker 1: old airman named Ronald Madison volunteered as a guinea pig 261 00:19:59,600 --> 00:20:02,720 Speaker 1: in what he'd been told would be a series of 262 00:20:02,800 --> 00:20:06,600 Speaker 1: fairly innocuous experiments to help find a cure for the 263 00:20:06,640 --> 00:20:11,720 Speaker 1: common cold. In actual fact, Madison had been unwittingly brought 264 00:20:11,760 --> 00:20:15,320 Speaker 1: in to help test the effects of saren, a highly 265 00:20:15,359 --> 00:20:20,080 Speaker 1: toxic nerve agent, on the human body. The ultimate aim 266 00:20:20,160 --> 00:20:23,840 Speaker 1: of the experiment to test what level of exposure was 267 00:20:23,960 --> 00:20:40,320 Speaker 1: necessary to incapacitate a person On May sixth, nineteen fifty three, 268 00:20:40,520 --> 00:20:45,640 Speaker 1: but Poorten down. Leading aircraftsman Ronald Madison was layered into 269 00:20:45,720 --> 00:20:50,439 Speaker 1: a laboratory and instructed to roll up his sleeve. A 270 00:20:50,480 --> 00:20:54,359 Speaker 1: man in a white coat with thick protective gloves measured 271 00:20:54,400 --> 00:20:58,600 Speaker 1: out two hundred milligrams of liquid saren before pouring it 272 00:20:58,720 --> 00:21:05,119 Speaker 1: onto some material. The material was then tied onto Madison's arm. 273 00:21:05,640 --> 00:21:09,560 Speaker 1: The effects started slowly at first, the sense of something 274 00:21:09,680 --> 00:21:15,400 Speaker 1: burning heating up within Madison's body. Soon he was screaming 275 00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:20,840 Speaker 1: in agony, and moments later he began to convulse, his 276 00:21:20,960 --> 00:21:24,440 Speaker 1: body and limbs jerking all over the place, as though 277 00:21:24,480 --> 00:21:29,080 Speaker 1: he was being electrocuted. His skin seemed to be vibrating. 278 00:21:29,960 --> 00:21:33,159 Speaker 1: Madison's eyes rolled into the back of his head, and 279 00:21:33,359 --> 00:21:38,480 Speaker 1: thick bubbles of something viscous, like frogsborn, as one observer 280 00:21:38,640 --> 00:21:42,720 Speaker 1: later put it, spilled out of his mouth. The men 281 00:21:42,760 --> 00:21:46,720 Speaker 1: in coats gathered round quickly. He began to panic while 282 00:21:46,840 --> 00:21:51,920 Speaker 1: some tried to hold Madison's body still. Fifteen minutes later, 283 00:21:52,440 --> 00:21:58,280 Speaker 1: he lost consciousness. Madison was quickly ferried over to Portendown's 284 00:21:58,320 --> 00:22:02,960 Speaker 1: medical unit. Eighteen year old Alfred Thornhill was tasked with 285 00:22:03,119 --> 00:22:07,159 Speaker 1: carrying him inside. When he arrived, he found the place 286 00:22:07,200 --> 00:22:10,439 Speaker 1: had been completely cleared of all other patients, and a 287 00:22:10,480 --> 00:22:13,320 Speaker 1: group of men in white coats were waiting for him 288 00:22:13,560 --> 00:22:18,320 Speaker 1: next to an empty bed. Thornhill carried Madison over and 289 00:22:18,440 --> 00:22:22,480 Speaker 1: laid him down, then allegedly watched on in disbelief and 290 00:22:22,640 --> 00:22:27,439 Speaker 1: terror as Madison's leg inexplicably rose up from the bed, 291 00:22:28,040 --> 00:22:31,720 Speaker 1: and first his ankle began to turn blue, then his 292 00:22:31,880 --> 00:22:35,960 Speaker 1: lower leg, then up above the knee, as though a 293 00:22:36,040 --> 00:22:41,200 Speaker 1: strange blue liquid were being poured into him. Seconds later, 294 00:22:41,680 --> 00:22:44,640 Speaker 1: one of the men in coats pulled out a hypodermic 295 00:22:44,720 --> 00:22:49,880 Speaker 1: syringe and plunged the needle into Madison's body, and shortly 296 00:22:49,920 --> 00:23:02,280 Speaker 1: after that Madison was declared dead. After everything else that 297 00:23:02,359 --> 00:23:06,600 Speaker 1: Frank Olsen had witnessed, Ronald Madison's death was a bridge 298 00:23:06,640 --> 00:23:11,480 Speaker 1: too far. Soon after, he confided in a psychiatrist at 299 00:23:11,480 --> 00:23:16,040 Speaker 1: Porton down William Sergeant, admitting how disturbed he was by 300 00:23:16,040 --> 00:23:20,080 Speaker 1: what he'd seen. He talked not just about Madison, but 301 00:23:20,160 --> 00:23:23,960 Speaker 1: also about the other atrocities he'd seen at CIA safe 302 00:23:24,040 --> 00:23:28,879 Speaker 1: houses in Germany, where he'd watched prisoners dying painful deaths 303 00:23:28,920 --> 00:23:34,800 Speaker 1: from toxins that he'd personally helped to develop. Olsen's guilt 304 00:23:34,960 --> 00:23:39,200 Speaker 1: was overwhelming, and confessing how he felt would have no doubt, 305 00:23:39,359 --> 00:23:42,920 Speaker 1: brought some relief. But if he believed he was speaking 306 00:23:42,960 --> 00:23:48,560 Speaker 1: to Sergeant in confidence, he was mistaken. Sergeant immediately wrote 307 00:23:48,640 --> 00:23:52,280 Speaker 1: up a report about Olsen's state of mind and submitted 308 00:23:52,320 --> 00:23:55,800 Speaker 1: it to his superiors. He wrote that, in his opinion, 309 00:23:56,160 --> 00:23:59,280 Speaker 1: Olsen was upset enough that he might be unwilling to 310 00:23:59,359 --> 00:24:03,240 Speaker 1: keep his mouth shut. In other words, he was a liability, 311 00:24:03,680 --> 00:24:06,720 Speaker 1: and Sergeant wanted to make sure that he had no 312 00:24:06,840 --> 00:24:11,600 Speaker 1: further access to porton Down. It was around this time, 313 00:24:11,840 --> 00:24:16,160 Speaker 1: in August of nineteen fifty three, that Olson returned home, 314 00:24:16,560 --> 00:24:19,399 Speaker 1: and his wife and brother in law noticed he seemed 315 00:24:19,480 --> 00:24:23,399 Speaker 1: strangely withdrawn and depressed, But the true reason for his 316 00:24:23,520 --> 00:24:26,879 Speaker 1: mood would only make sense to them many years later. 317 00:24:28,040 --> 00:24:31,359 Speaker 1: During World War II, Olson had been proud to be 318 00:24:31,440 --> 00:24:35,679 Speaker 1: part of the fight against Adolf Hitler's fascist regime in 319 00:24:35,800 --> 00:24:40,200 Speaker 1: part because of its heinous track record of human experimentation. 320 00:24:41,480 --> 00:24:44,520 Speaker 1: Now his own country was doing the very same thing. 321 00:24:45,920 --> 00:24:51,280 Speaker 1: Shortly after Peter Sargeant alerted them, British intelligence officials forwarded 322 00:24:51,320 --> 00:24:56,960 Speaker 1: his report onto their American counterparts. In Sergeant's opinion. Olsen 323 00:24:57,200 --> 00:25:03,639 Speaker 1: was deeply dangerously disillusioned with the agency and its entire mission. Many, 324 00:25:04,040 --> 00:25:11,000 Speaker 1: including Frank's son Eric, believed the CIA strongly concurred. In 325 00:25:11,080 --> 00:25:15,040 Speaker 1: nineteen ninety seven, a few years after Frank Olsen's body 326 00:25:15,160 --> 00:25:20,560 Speaker 1: was exhumed, the CIA inadvertently released a document titled A 327 00:25:20,600 --> 00:25:26,239 Speaker 1: Study of Assassination. It's essentially an assassination manual, and the 328 00:25:26,359 --> 00:25:31,000 Speaker 1: very first edition dates back to late nineteen fifty three, 329 00:25:31,280 --> 00:25:37,840 Speaker 1: precisely when Olsen died. According to this manual, the ideal 330 00:25:37,880 --> 00:25:41,280 Speaker 1: way to assassinate someone is by dropping them from a 331 00:25:41,320 --> 00:25:45,440 Speaker 1: height of at least seventy five feet onto a hard surface. 332 00:25:46,400 --> 00:25:50,200 Speaker 1: In some cases, the author notes, it's necessary to stun 333 00:25:50,240 --> 00:25:55,120 Speaker 1: the victim first, ideally with a blow to the temple. 334 00:25:56,200 --> 00:25:59,720 Speaker 1: Reading this, with all its apparent echoes of his father's 335 00:25:59,720 --> 00:26:04,880 Speaker 1: own death, was a horrifying experience for Eric Olsen. The manual, 336 00:26:05,280 --> 00:26:08,760 Speaker 1: in combination with the new autopsy results and what he'd 337 00:26:08,840 --> 00:26:13,280 Speaker 1: learned about his father's work on MK Ultra, finally seemed 338 00:26:13,280 --> 00:26:15,840 Speaker 1: to give him the certainty he had longed for his 339 00:26:16,119 --> 00:26:26,520 Speaker 1: entire adult life. Eric Olsen was now sure that the 340 00:26:26,560 --> 00:26:31,280 Speaker 1: CIA's so called mere coulpa in the nineteen seventies, when 341 00:26:31,280 --> 00:26:34,800 Speaker 1: they admitted to dosing his father with LSD had in 342 00:26:34,880 --> 00:26:39,440 Speaker 1: fact been part of a much larger cover up. Inadvertently 343 00:26:39,600 --> 00:26:43,359 Speaker 1: driving a man to suicide through a reckless experiment as 344 00:26:43,400 --> 00:26:47,280 Speaker 1: a terrible sin, but it would pale in comparison to 345 00:26:47,359 --> 00:26:52,480 Speaker 1: the CIA assassinating one of its own. There's no doubt 346 00:26:52,520 --> 00:26:56,680 Speaker 1: that the Deep Creek Lake retreat really happened, and that 347 00:26:56,760 --> 00:27:01,560 Speaker 1: Frank Olsen and his colleagues really were dosed WITHSD, But 348 00:27:01,680 --> 00:27:05,080 Speaker 1: in light of the fact that Olson's bosses likely saw 349 00:27:05,160 --> 00:27:08,440 Speaker 1: him as a threat, the possible true purpose of it 350 00:27:08,520 --> 00:27:13,439 Speaker 1: becomes much murkier. Perhaps the LSD was a test to 351 00:27:13,520 --> 00:27:16,880 Speaker 1: see if Olsen would confess his misgivings to them under 352 00:27:16,880 --> 00:27:20,680 Speaker 1: the influence of drugs, Or perhaps it was even more 353 00:27:20,720 --> 00:27:24,800 Speaker 1: sinister than that, designed to discredit Olson and give the 354 00:27:24,840 --> 00:27:28,320 Speaker 1: agency a pretext to risk him away to New York 355 00:27:28,520 --> 00:27:32,240 Speaker 1: for so called treatment and assess just how much of 356 00:27:32,280 --> 00:27:36,760 Speaker 1: a risk he really posed. During that trip, the only 357 00:27:36,840 --> 00:27:41,440 Speaker 1: people that Olson saw were on the CIA payroll, Sydney 358 00:27:41,480 --> 00:27:47,440 Speaker 1: Gottlieb Vincent Ruitt and Harold Abramson, the doctor and John Mulholland, 359 00:27:47,520 --> 00:27:52,600 Speaker 1: the magician. His supposed paranoia, and his attempts to get 360 00:27:52,640 --> 00:27:56,200 Speaker 1: away may in fact have been a perfectly rational response 361 00:27:56,320 --> 00:27:59,600 Speaker 1: to the realization that he had a target on his back. 362 00:28:00,800 --> 00:28:04,640 Speaker 1: If the CIA truly believed that Olson posed an imminent 363 00:28:04,720 --> 00:28:08,280 Speaker 1: threat to national security, then there's no telling what lengths 364 00:28:08,359 --> 00:28:11,280 Speaker 1: they might go to keep him quiet. And if it 365 00:28:11,359 --> 00:28:14,800 Speaker 1: was decided that he had to be eliminated, then, according 366 00:28:14,880 --> 00:28:18,159 Speaker 1: to their own manual, the best way to do it 367 00:28:18,200 --> 00:28:22,080 Speaker 1: would be a drop from a great height thirteen flaws. 368 00:28:22,400 --> 00:28:28,280 Speaker 1: For example, in light of this hypothetical narrative, Robert Lashbrook's 369 00:28:28,280 --> 00:28:32,480 Speaker 1: strange phone call to Harold Abramsom just after Olsen went 370 00:28:32,560 --> 00:28:35,920 Speaker 1: out at the window makes a lot more sense. Their 371 00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:41,080 Speaker 1: peculiar exchange. Well he's gone, said Lashbrook. That's too bad, 372 00:28:41,520 --> 00:28:46,160 Speaker 1: replied Abramsom. Is nonsensical in the context of a sudden 373 00:28:46,240 --> 00:28:50,400 Speaker 1: and unexpected suicide, not so in the context of a 374 00:28:50,480 --> 00:28:56,520 Speaker 1: meticulously planned murder. In twenty twelve, prosecutors in New York 375 00:28:56,840 --> 00:29:02,160 Speaker 1: formerly reclassified Olson's cause of death from suicide to unknown, 376 00:29:03,280 --> 00:29:06,640 Speaker 1: and Eric and his brother Nils promptly filed a suit 377 00:29:06,680 --> 00:29:10,880 Speaker 1: against the CIA, formally alleging that their father was murdered. 378 00:29:11,720 --> 00:29:14,760 Speaker 1: Though the suit was dismissed a year later. It was 379 00:29:14,840 --> 00:29:18,680 Speaker 1: not due to a lack of merit. In fact, Federal 380 00:29:18,800 --> 00:29:22,560 Speaker 1: Judge James Boseburg made it clear that, in his opinion, 381 00:29:22,960 --> 00:29:27,160 Speaker 1: the public record supported many of the allegations, but for 382 00:29:27,200 --> 00:29:32,200 Speaker 1: a variety of procedural reasons, including the Statute of Limitations 383 00:29:32,560 --> 00:29:35,160 Speaker 1: and the fact that the family had signed an agreement 384 00:29:35,520 --> 00:29:39,720 Speaker 1: waiving their right to pursue any further legal action, the 385 00:29:39,800 --> 00:29:45,720 Speaker 1: case went no further, and so despite the overwhelming evidence 386 00:29:45,840 --> 00:29:50,240 Speaker 1: pointing in a single direction, it seems Frank Olsen's cause 387 00:29:50,280 --> 00:30:02,800 Speaker 1: of death will officially always remain unexplained. This episode was 388 00:30:02,840 --> 00:30:07,240 Speaker 1: written by Emma Dibden Unexplained as an Avy Club Productions 389 00:30:07,280 --> 00:30:11,840 Speaker 1: podcast created by Richard McClain smith. All other elements of 390 00:30:11,880 --> 00:30:15,280 Speaker 1: the podcast, including the music, are also produced by me 391 00:30:15,560 --> 00:30:20,600 Speaker 1: Richard McClain smith. Unexplained. The book and audiobook, with stories 392 00:30:20,680 --> 00:30:23,600 Speaker 1: never before featured on the show, is now available to 393 00:30:23,640 --> 00:30:27,880 Speaker 1: buy worldwide. You can purchase from Amazon, Barnes and Noble, 394 00:30:28,240 --> 00:30:32,520 Speaker 1: Waterstones and other bookstores. 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