WEBVTT - Lab 010: It Was All a Dream

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<v Speaker 1>Everybody.

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<v Speaker 2>I want to tell a story. No, I don't want

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<v Speaker 2>you to tell a story because you never tell stories, right.

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<v Speaker 2>You always start adding all this extra stuff that didn't

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<v Speaker 2>actually happen.

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<v Speaker 1>No, I just give a lot of descriptors, and I

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<v Speaker 1>think sometimes you're just worried about the wrong things when

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<v Speaker 1>I truth. No, I tell the truth, but I want

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<v Speaker 1>people to feel like they are there. I tell stories

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<v Speaker 1>in a Doobe digital im asks three D on.

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<v Speaker 2>A leather sofa. That's not times, that's not true because

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<v Speaker 2>you tell stories and all of a sudden, there's all

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<v Speaker 2>these added layers and all this added drama that wasn't there.

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<v Speaker 2>And so I feel like that's not the actual story.

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<v Speaker 2>And you have me out here looking crazy.

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<v Speaker 1>You're punishing me for being perceptive. I can feel the

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<v Speaker 1>tension in the room. I can feel I'm you know,

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<v Speaker 1>I'm I have these big old eyeballs.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm always looking.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm always seeing stuff, and maybe I'm just seeing stuff

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<v Speaker 1>that you're not seeing.

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<v Speaker 2>No, I don't think that's what's happening at all.

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<v Speaker 1>Do you know the story I'm about to tell?

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, I know this story about to tell. Are you

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<v Speaker 2>telling this now? Are you telling it? In the intro.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm telling it now. I'm t T and I'm Zekiah

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<v Speaker 2>and from Spotify Studios. This is dope Laps.

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<v Speaker 1>Sometimes we were out and this man was drunk and

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<v Speaker 1>we were at this place that had big open windows,

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<v Speaker 1>and the guy tried to like everybody was dancing, but

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<v Speaker 1>we weren't dancing.

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<v Speaker 2>We were too cool for that. And the also known

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<v Speaker 2>as TV doesn't know how to dance. Well speak for you. Well,

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<v Speaker 2>yeah you said, I said t T. So no need

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<v Speaker 2>to be spicy. Yeah, I tell the truth, have an arrow.

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<v Speaker 2>So there's this guy.

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<v Speaker 1>He comes up and he tries to like dance with

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<v Speaker 1>t T but also almost like tries to pick her up.

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<v Speaker 2>Almost, Oh my god?

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<v Speaker 1>True or false?

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<v Speaker 2>Yes? True?

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<v Speaker 1>And my friend got so mad. Y'all know, like, Bruce Banner.

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<v Speaker 2>Bruce Banner, where is this story going? Because I know

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<v Speaker 2>what happened, but I feel like this is getting out

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<v Speaker 2>of hand.

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<v Speaker 1>Y'all know that nursey around and is like, grab you

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<v Speaker 1>by the collar? Boy, you better holler? Did he grabbed

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<v Speaker 1>that man by the collar?

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<v Speaker 2>WHOA?

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<v Speaker 1>I said, she grabbed a collar.

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<v Speaker 2>And turned your wrists?

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<v Speaker 1>What would that be counterclockwise? I don't know, turned your

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<v Speaker 1>wrists picked him up.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, see this is this is when this is when

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<v Speaker 2>the lie. Your arms go up? Did I pick him up? No?

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<v Speaker 2>My arms did not go up. Did he raise? No?

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<v Speaker 2>See what's wrong with you? Right?

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<v Speaker 1>My friend picked that man up off the ground his toes.

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<v Speaker 2>His toes were just barely He would have to be

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<v Speaker 2>the size of a toddler for that to happen, and

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<v Speaker 2>he was tall too. So how is that possible low

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<v Speaker 2>center gravity? I don't know. Well, my version of that

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<v Speaker 2>story is this man, this person was like trying to

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<v Speaker 2>pick me up, and I was like, no, thank you, No,

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<v Speaker 2>I would like my feet to remain on the ground.

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<v Speaker 2>What yeah, are you saying? That's what I said? No,

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<v Speaker 2>that's what I'm saying. How you felt? Okay, so this

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<v Speaker 2>has turned into a comic book now it's.

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<v Speaker 1>Like pow yeah, yeah, damn, that's exactly that's exactly what

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<v Speaker 1>I'd like to add.

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<v Speaker 2>No, you want a narrative, you want me to say?

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<v Speaker 2>And then TT said this, and then he said because

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<v Speaker 2>there wasn't nothing said. It was just like whoa, whoa,

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<v Speaker 2>none of that, and that's all it was.

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<v Speaker 1>Basically, So I haven't heard you say the part where

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<v Speaker 1>you grabbed him by the collar.

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<v Speaker 2>I didn't grab him by the collar. I didn't grab

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<v Speaker 2>him by the collar. I put my hands on his

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<v Speaker 2>chest and pushed him away. I was like, stop, we

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<v Speaker 2>got to get to the bottom of this.

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<v Speaker 1>I told this story a million times and people know

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<v Speaker 1>that TT grabbed a man about the collar.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, but there's I was there. You were there, and

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<v Speaker 2>you were in a moment it was you can't remember what,

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<v Speaker 2>if anything, I should remember more than you. You don't

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<v Speaker 2>know your own strength. I know if I could pick

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<v Speaker 2>a six foot man up off the ground, that's not happening.

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<v Speaker 2>You don't got to shrink yourself for these people.

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<v Speaker 1>Sure that you're a next man, show them your true powers.

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<v Speaker 2>I don't have any powers. All I did was remove

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<v Speaker 2>that man from my vicinity, and that was that. My

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<v Speaker 2>version is a gorilla in the club.

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<v Speaker 1>Across my friend and we were like whoa, whoa, whoa,

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<v Speaker 1>and my friends like, uh uh, grab some bottle collar twist,

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<v Speaker 1>no pull up that can't come from his heels. Came

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<v Speaker 1>up off the ground, but it felt like it because

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<v Speaker 1>he didn't bother us anymore.

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<v Speaker 3>Pow.

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<v Speaker 2>We were both there. I was definitely there. I saw you,

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<v Speaker 2>and I saw.

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<v Speaker 1>It, but I was standing back, so I saw it

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<v Speaker 1>real good.

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<v Speaker 2>No, I was in it, so I know what happened.

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<v Speaker 1>And I think there's a problem here because I want

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<v Speaker 1>to know why do we remember this differently?

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<v Speaker 2>I can name a few reasons, but I think I

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<v Speaker 2>understand where you're going. I think I understand where you're going. Yes,

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<v Speaker 2>I would like to know too. Let's walk down memory lane.

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<v Speaker 2>So today's episode is about memory.

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<v Speaker 1>All this back and forth about stories being told the

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<v Speaker 1>wrong way really has us thinking about our brains and

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<v Speaker 1>how these memories, whether true or false, come to be right.

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<v Speaker 2>So let's start with what we know. We know that

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<v Speaker 2>you and I have different recollections of some of the

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<v Speaker 2>things that have happened during our friendship, right, and so

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<v Speaker 2>clearly two people can remember the same event differently.

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<v Speaker 1>We also know that we can remember these things even

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<v Speaker 1>though they happened a long time ago.

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<v Speaker 2>We can still access memories.

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<v Speaker 1>So memories that we've had for a really long time,

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<v Speaker 1>we can still access them.

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<v Speaker 2>But we also know that we don't remember everything. So

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<v Speaker 2>you remember what you have for breakfast?

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<v Speaker 1>Like last week, Cake, I know you know what we

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<v Speaker 1>have breakfast together?

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<v Speaker 3>We go.

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<v Speaker 1>Isn't that wild?

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<v Speaker 2>When see this?

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<v Speaker 1>What I'm talking about then they say they call you

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<v Speaker 1>a life. When down the National Press Club we had croissants.

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<v Speaker 1>You have one that had banana curd and that.

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<v Speaker 2>Was disgusting, very nice warm. I hate bananas. They are

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<v Speaker 2>so nasty. Imagine biten into something that you think is

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<v Speaker 2>a croissant and there's banana puree in the center. Yummy.

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<v Speaker 2>I thought I was gonna Vomit. Tastes like baby food,

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<v Speaker 2>That's what I was gonna say. So convenient, just like

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<v Speaker 2>baby food. Oh man.

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<v Speaker 1>So yeah, it's interesting, right because like how could you

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<v Speaker 1>go from not remembering that at all to the exact

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<v Speaker 1>detail of like the banana curd and how it felt

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<v Speaker 1>when you ate it?

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<v Speaker 2>Isn't that crazy?

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<v Speaker 3>Right?

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<v Speaker 2>I just needed like a couple of cues. So what

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<v Speaker 2>do we want to know? I want to know how

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<v Speaker 2>memories are made in the brain? Is it like lying? Yeah?

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<v Speaker 2>And I want to know, like are there different types

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<v Speaker 2>of memory? Like because I know there's short term memory

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<v Speaker 2>of long term memory, but what are all the other

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<v Speaker 2>types that are going on in your brain?

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<v Speaker 1>And I know that I was just able to jog

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<v Speaker 1>your memory, but is there any like tried and true

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<v Speaker 1>way to like help people remember things.

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<v Speaker 2>That's a good question. And I want to know what

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<v Speaker 2>happens in our brains over time.

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<v Speaker 1>Right, who's prioritizing these memories? Like is it like a

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<v Speaker 1>filing system or is it like, oh, you haven't touched

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<v Speaker 1>Is it like the trash can on your computer? Like

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<v Speaker 1>could you move something to the trash but if you

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<v Speaker 1>don't open it again, it gets deleted?

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<v Speaker 2>Right? Maybe maybe it is something like that.

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<v Speaker 1>And then I want to know once the memory is

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<v Speaker 1>in there, right, Like, once we have a memory of

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<v Speaker 1>an event, can you change that memory? Is it like inception?

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<v Speaker 2>Oh?

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<v Speaker 1>Is that based on anything real?

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<v Speaker 2>Oh my goodness, I don't even want to start thinking

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<v Speaker 2>about inception. I'm gonna get so confused that. And you

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<v Speaker 2>haven't even started the episode. We're not even in the

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<v Speaker 2>dissection yet. I don't want to be confused right now,

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<v Speaker 2>wait for the drop?

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<v Speaker 1>You remember that in the movie? Yeah, yes, man, that's

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<v Speaker 1>exactly what we waking me up when I'm sleep at work, Like, oh,

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<v Speaker 1>back out of that dream.

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<v Speaker 2>And the last thing I want to know is why

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<v Speaker 2>is the keyst memory so bad? I think it's a

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<v Speaker 2>valid question. Well, one of us knew what we had

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<v Speaker 2>for breakfast last Friday? Yeah, all I needed was you

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<v Speaker 2>to jog my memory.

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<v Speaker 1>Then whose memory is bad?

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<v Speaker 2>You got a bad memory?

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<v Speaker 1>All right, welcome to the dissection. We are ready to

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<v Speaker 1>dive in t T. I want to know why you

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<v Speaker 1>have repressed your memory of picking that man up.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, because it didn't actually happen, but okay. Our guest

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<v Speaker 2>expert this week is doctor Elizabeth Loftis.

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<v Speaker 3>My name is Elizabeth Loftus, and I'm a professor at

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<v Speaker 3>the University of California, Irvine.

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<v Speaker 2>Doctor Loftis is an experimental psychologist who specializes in the

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<v Speaker 2>study of human memory.

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<v Speaker 3>Memory is important because without it, you wouldn't know how

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<v Speaker 3>when you woke up in the morning to make coffee

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<v Speaker 3>or make toast, or figure out where you left your

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<v Speaker 3>car keys, or find your way to the bus stop.

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<v Speaker 3>Memory is important because our memories are part of our

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<v Speaker 3>identity and make us feel something about who we are.

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<v Speaker 2>Specifically, she studies how memories can be changed or corrupted.

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<v Speaker 3>The problem with memory is that it's not always accurate,

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<v Speaker 3>and inaccuracies can creep into memory for a number of reasons.

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<v Speaker 3>In some situations, memory is exceedingly important, such as when

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<v Speaker 3>it's involved in a court case and somebody's liberty. Their

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<v Speaker 3>freedom is at stake.

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<v Speaker 1>But the first thing we wanted to know is about

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<v Speaker 1>memories in general. Are all memories the same?

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<v Speaker 2>Doctor Lofta says, there are a lot of different types

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<v Speaker 2>of memories.

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<v Speaker 3>For example, we have episodic memories, which are memories about

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<v Speaker 3>our personal past. Sometimes we use the term autobiographical memory

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<v Speaker 3>when it's a about our life. There are semantic memories,

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<v Speaker 3>which are memories that we have about words and concepts

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<v Speaker 3>and knowledge of the world. There are procedural memories, such

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<v Speaker 3>as remembering how to ride a bike or how to

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<v Speaker 3>play the piano.

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<v Speaker 1>We asked doctor loftis, how do you study memory. What

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<v Speaker 1>is a typical experiment, What does it look like? How

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<v Speaker 1>does it help you understand how memory works.

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<v Speaker 3>Well, In many of the experiments that I've done and

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<v Speaker 3>other scientists, we'll show people a simulated event. It might

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<v Speaker 3>be a simulated crime or a simulated accident, and later

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<v Speaker 3>on we're going to expose them to some new information.

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<v Speaker 3>So you might see a robbery where the perpetrator is

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<v Speaker 3>wearing a green jacket, and later on you encounter another

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<v Speaker 3>witness who says, well, I saw the guy take the

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<v Speaker 3>wallet and he had a brown jacket. What is that

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<v Speaker 3>going to do to the original witnesses memory? For many witnesses,

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<v Speaker 3>they succumb to the suggestion and now they say I

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<v Speaker 3>saw a brown jacket too.

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<v Speaker 1>All of our memories are stored in the brain.

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<v Speaker 2>In the lining episode, we talked about white matter and

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<v Speaker 2>gray matter in the brain, but the most important parts

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<v Speaker 2>of the brain for memories are the cerebrum and the cerebellum.

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<v Speaker 1>We're not going to dive into the neurobiology of memories

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<v Speaker 1>in this episode, so you can check out our show

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<v Speaker 1>notes for more information about that.

0:11:22.600 --> 0:11:25.600
<v Speaker 2>But we will tell you this. Where the memories are

0:11:25.640 --> 0:11:28.680
<v Speaker 2>stored in the brain depends on the type of memories

0:11:28.679 --> 0:11:29.000
<v Speaker 2>they are.

0:11:29.400 --> 0:11:31.560
<v Speaker 1>And most people assume that once a memory is in

0:11:31.600 --> 0:11:33.880
<v Speaker 1>your brain is locked it can't change.

0:11:34.080 --> 0:11:37.360
<v Speaker 2>But a big part of doctor Loftus's work is proving

0:11:37.440 --> 0:11:40.720
<v Speaker 2>that memory is malleable and that it can be changed

0:11:40.800 --> 0:11:42.840
<v Speaker 2>or corrupted due to outside influences.

0:11:43.120 --> 0:11:45.360
<v Speaker 1>So what are some examples of things that can influence

0:11:45.360 --> 0:11:46.319
<v Speaker 1>a person's memory.

0:11:46.440 --> 0:11:50.240
<v Speaker 3>One of the things that can influence a person's memory,

0:11:50.760 --> 0:11:54.600
<v Speaker 3>for say, a past event, is whether they get some

0:11:55.240 --> 0:12:01.720
<v Speaker 3>new information about the event. For in some of these

0:12:01.760 --> 0:12:07.080
<v Speaker 3>studies that we have done, we might expose people to

0:12:07.200 --> 0:12:11.680
<v Speaker 3>a simulated accident where a car goes through an intersection

0:12:12.800 --> 0:12:17.040
<v Speaker 3>with a yield sign, and we can suggest to people

0:12:18.240 --> 0:12:21.200
<v Speaker 3>that what they saw is a stop sign, not a

0:12:21.280 --> 0:12:25.559
<v Speaker 3>yield sign, and many people then will accept the suggestion

0:12:26.800 --> 0:12:29.800
<v Speaker 3>and come to remember that they saw a stop sign.

0:12:30.000 --> 0:12:31.680
<v Speaker 2>This is very true.

0:12:32.120 --> 0:12:35.920
<v Speaker 1>You remember that story that we told earlier about being

0:12:35.960 --> 0:12:39.280
<v Speaker 1>at my house watching scary movies and then we both

0:12:39.320 --> 0:12:42.240
<v Speaker 1>heard the door handle at the back door like jiggle.

0:12:42.320 --> 0:12:44.160
<v Speaker 2>It sounded like somebody had grabbed the door knob and

0:12:44.280 --> 0:12:45.440
<v Speaker 2>was trying to get inside the house.

0:12:45.880 --> 0:12:47.840
<v Speaker 1>We all we did was look at each other, and

0:12:47.920 --> 0:12:50.440
<v Speaker 1>the next thing I knew, we were out the front

0:12:50.440 --> 0:12:52.640
<v Speaker 1>door barefoot, barefoot in the night.

0:12:53.440 --> 0:12:57.439
<v Speaker 2>Yes, and I was Becausezikia, as we know it, is

0:12:57.480 --> 0:12:59.600
<v Speaker 2>a very good cook, and she had barbecue that day.

0:12:59.600 --> 0:13:01.720
<v Speaker 2>She grilled out and so I had a rib in

0:13:01.800 --> 0:13:04.200
<v Speaker 2>my mouth. I was mid bite when we heard that sound,

0:13:04.400 --> 0:13:05.959
<v Speaker 2>And as soon as we heard that sound, I dropped

0:13:05.960 --> 0:13:07.680
<v Speaker 2>that rib smooth on the floor.

0:13:07.960 --> 0:13:10.120
<v Speaker 1>And the crazy thing is, every time I tell that story,

0:13:10.160 --> 0:13:11.719
<v Speaker 1>I say, I looked at T T. She dropped that

0:13:11.800 --> 0:13:15.160
<v Speaker 1>rib right onto the carpet boom, and we ran out

0:13:15.200 --> 0:13:18.400
<v Speaker 1>the door. But I don't remember seeing that. I know

0:13:18.520 --> 0:13:20.520
<v Speaker 1>I didn't see it because I know I locked eyes

0:13:20.559 --> 0:13:22.440
<v Speaker 1>with you. And then the next thing I remember, I

0:13:22.520 --> 0:13:23.400
<v Speaker 1>was out the front.

0:13:23.200 --> 0:13:25.760
<v Speaker 2>Looking at the night sky. Yeah, and I was like,

0:13:26.960 --> 0:13:29.480
<v Speaker 2>we gotta get some help. But that goes to what

0:13:29.600 --> 0:13:32.839
<v Speaker 2>doctor Loftus is saying. I told you that I dropped

0:13:32.840 --> 0:13:34.720
<v Speaker 2>the rib on the floor, and when we came back in,

0:13:35.000 --> 0:13:38.120
<v Speaker 2>we saw the rib on the wall, So that was

0:13:38.160 --> 0:13:42.080
<v Speaker 2>additional information that then changed your memory of that event.

0:13:42.280 --> 0:13:44.959
<v Speaker 2>Isn't that wild? That's really interesting. I think another thing

0:13:45.000 --> 0:13:47.240
<v Speaker 2>that a lot of people think or say, or that

0:13:47.280 --> 0:13:50.480
<v Speaker 2>I've heard people say, is that smell is the strongest

0:13:50.520 --> 0:13:55.000
<v Speaker 2>link to memory. I have definitely both heard and said that.

0:13:55.480 --> 0:13:57.520
<v Speaker 2>There have been times where I'm like, ooh, this soap

0:13:57.559 --> 0:14:01.640
<v Speaker 2>reminds me of kindergarten. Yeah, but is that true.

0:14:02.000 --> 0:14:06.400
<v Speaker 3>There are smells that can act as retrieval cues and

0:14:06.480 --> 0:14:10.760
<v Speaker 3>can remind you of something that happened in the past,

0:14:10.840 --> 0:14:13.760
<v Speaker 3>maybe a time when you smelled something similar, but I

0:14:13.800 --> 0:14:17.840
<v Speaker 3>wouldn't call it the strongest retrieval cue. In fact, much

0:14:17.880 --> 0:14:22.320
<v Speaker 3>more scientific work has been probably done on visual information

0:14:22.560 --> 0:14:27.760
<v Speaker 3>or even auditory information than the old factory or smell information.

0:14:28.040 --> 0:14:30.800
<v Speaker 1>So memories can be influenced by new information, like with

0:14:30.880 --> 0:14:33.280
<v Speaker 1>T T in the rib. But what if the new

0:14:33.320 --> 0:14:35.280
<v Speaker 1>information we get is inaccurate.

0:14:35.520 --> 0:14:39.280
<v Speaker 2>That's what doctor Loftus calls the misinformation effect, and it

0:14:39.320 --> 0:14:41.600
<v Speaker 2>can result in memory contamination.

0:14:41.920 --> 0:14:44.720
<v Speaker 3>We get new information when we talk to other people

0:14:44.800 --> 0:14:48.200
<v Speaker 3>who might have witnessed the same event, or if we

0:14:48.280 --> 0:14:53.840
<v Speaker 3>are interviewed or interrogated by somebody who perhaps has an

0:14:53.840 --> 0:14:58.960
<v Speaker 3>agenda or a bias and maybe inadvertently contaminates us. If

0:14:58.960 --> 0:15:01.600
<v Speaker 3>we see a high pl publicity event and then turn

0:15:01.680 --> 0:15:05.479
<v Speaker 3>on the TV or the get internet news or newspaper

0:15:05.560 --> 0:15:10.680
<v Speaker 3>news about some event, all of these provide an opportunity

0:15:10.840 --> 0:15:15.040
<v Speaker 3>for this new information to enter a person's memory and

0:15:15.160 --> 0:15:20.840
<v Speaker 3>cause an alteration or a contamination, a transformation in the memory.

0:15:21.000 --> 0:15:23.280
<v Speaker 2>So this makes me think about Lab three when we

0:15:23.320 --> 0:15:25.880
<v Speaker 2>talked about lying, because I think that there's an important

0:15:25.880 --> 0:15:30.040
<v Speaker 2>distinction here. You might think that somebody is deliberately lying

0:15:30.040 --> 0:15:33.280
<v Speaker 2>to you, but they might just have a contaminated memory,

0:15:33.560 --> 0:15:35.239
<v Speaker 2>or they might just be contaminated.

0:15:36.920 --> 0:15:40.160
<v Speaker 1>Not me, but they might be they universal day DJ

0:15:40.240 --> 0:15:43.080
<v Speaker 1>Khalid day in the DJ Kalid Day, that's right.

0:15:43.440 --> 0:15:47.280
<v Speaker 3>The kinds of memory distortions that I study and spend

0:15:47.280 --> 0:15:50.760
<v Speaker 3>a lot of time thinking about are not deliberate lies.

0:15:50.960 --> 0:15:55.600
<v Speaker 3>These are distortions in the minds of people who are

0:15:55.680 --> 0:15:58.680
<v Speaker 3>trying to be accurate and honest and trying to tell

0:15:58.680 --> 0:16:02.600
<v Speaker 3>you what they truly remember, but they have been influenced

0:16:02.640 --> 0:16:08.880
<v Speaker 3>by some sort of suggestion that causes these memory distortions

0:16:08.920 --> 0:16:14.720
<v Speaker 3>and inaccurate reporting. It's very different from deliberate, intentional lying.

0:16:15.280 --> 0:16:17.400
<v Speaker 2>Okay, so back to that night that I did not

0:16:17.840 --> 0:16:20.840
<v Speaker 2>pick that man up by his collar. Why does the

0:16:20.920 --> 0:16:24.240
<v Speaker 2>Kia not remember things how I remember them. We were

0:16:24.240 --> 0:16:27.960
<v Speaker 2>both there, and any outside influences that were around, we

0:16:28.160 --> 0:16:31.600
<v Speaker 2>both experience them, and we still don't tell the same story.

0:16:31.720 --> 0:16:35.720
<v Speaker 3>One obvious reason is that they're focusing on different details.

0:16:35.800 --> 0:16:38.160
<v Speaker 3>They're looking at different parts of the event, and so

0:16:38.200 --> 0:16:43.560
<v Speaker 3>they're remembering different parts. It's also possible sometimes a person's

0:16:43.840 --> 0:16:48.960
<v Speaker 3>own biases that they already have can influence how they

0:16:49.000 --> 0:16:53.880
<v Speaker 3>perceive and remember something. It's also possible that these two

0:16:54.000 --> 0:16:58.360
<v Speaker 3>people could be exposed to different forms of post event information,

0:16:59.000 --> 0:17:01.360
<v Speaker 3>so one of them might have a memory that gets

0:17:01.440 --> 0:17:04.760
<v Speaker 3>contaminated by misinformation and the other doesn't.

0:17:04.960 --> 0:17:08.040
<v Speaker 1>Thank you, Elizabeth, it's because I'm biased. I see TT

0:17:08.240 --> 0:17:13.399
<v Speaker 1>as strong, praise, in charge, and able to protect me

0:17:13.480 --> 0:17:17.680
<v Speaker 1>from all outside threats, and that has colored my perception

0:17:18.200 --> 0:17:20.680
<v Speaker 1>as I access this memory over and over again.

0:17:20.840 --> 0:17:22.920
<v Speaker 2>She wants me to apologize. No, I'm sorry.

0:17:23.040 --> 0:17:25.560
<v Speaker 1>I don't want you to apologize so much.

0:17:25.320 --> 0:17:27.600
<v Speaker 2>For telling that story that that way.

0:17:28.080 --> 0:17:30.399
<v Speaker 1>In all my stories, In all my stories, you are

0:17:30.440 --> 0:17:31.040
<v Speaker 1>the hero.

0:17:31.119 --> 0:17:34.119
<v Speaker 2>Or the crazy person. It depends on how you depends

0:17:34.160 --> 0:17:37.600
<v Speaker 2>on your bias and your perception of the event. Somebody

0:17:37.640 --> 0:17:39.119
<v Speaker 2>may hear that I picked a man up by the

0:17:39.160 --> 0:17:41.200
<v Speaker 2>collar and be like that lady.

0:17:41.040 --> 0:17:44.320
<v Speaker 1>Is crazy, That lady is strong. Okay, let's take a break.

0:17:44.359 --> 0:17:47.320
<v Speaker 1>When we come back, we'll talk about collective memory when

0:17:47.320 --> 0:17:49.920
<v Speaker 1>it comes to things we all remember. Do the same

0:17:50.000 --> 0:17:50.800
<v Speaker 1>rules still apply?

0:17:51.280 --> 0:18:11.359
<v Speaker 2>Don't go anywhere. And we're back, and we want to

0:18:11.400 --> 0:18:16.199
<v Speaker 2>talk about collective memory. Moments in history that society remembers together.

0:18:16.400 --> 0:18:18.959
<v Speaker 2>Is it possible for a group of people to have

0:18:19.000 --> 0:18:20.760
<v Speaker 2>a collective memory of an event?

0:18:20.960 --> 0:18:24.920
<v Speaker 3>There are certain events that happen in the world that

0:18:25.480 --> 0:18:29.800
<v Speaker 3>we as a society may experience together.

0:18:30.040 --> 0:18:32.000
<v Speaker 1>When I think of collective memory, I tend to think

0:18:32.040 --> 0:18:37.320
<v Speaker 1>of like traumatic events like wars or major protests, or

0:18:37.960 --> 0:18:40.159
<v Speaker 1>things that happen to different groups of people.

0:18:40.320 --> 0:18:44.040
<v Speaker 3>Right, Yeah, we call these sort of flashball memories, these

0:18:44.480 --> 0:18:49.760
<v Speaker 3>collective memories for you know, traumatic national events, for example,

0:18:49.840 --> 0:18:53.560
<v Speaker 3>wherever you live, we share the experiences of what happened

0:18:53.600 --> 0:18:56.639
<v Speaker 3>in nine to eleven, and many people can tell you

0:18:57.080 --> 0:19:01.600
<v Speaker 3>something about how they learn the news on that particular day.

0:19:01.680 --> 0:19:04.840
<v Speaker 1>When we think about collective memory, we all may have

0:19:04.880 --> 0:19:07.679
<v Speaker 1>a certain narrative or there's like a predominant narrative and

0:19:07.720 --> 0:19:10.160
<v Speaker 1>that's the collective memory about an event, or like.

0:19:10.359 --> 0:19:13.960
<v Speaker 2>A collective emotion or something like that. Yeah, people think

0:19:14.000 --> 0:19:16.439
<v Speaker 2>about nine to eleven and are generally sad.

0:19:17.119 --> 0:19:20.360
<v Speaker 3>Right, there is a sense in which we still as

0:19:20.400 --> 0:19:25.680
<v Speaker 3>a society share that experience and are bound together by

0:19:25.920 --> 0:19:30.320
<v Speaker 3>having endured that experience. But it's still very interesting that

0:19:30.359 --> 0:19:34.000
<v Speaker 3>when you gather information from people right afterwards and they

0:19:34.640 --> 0:19:37.359
<v Speaker 3>say how'd you hear the news? They may they may say,

0:19:38.440 --> 0:19:40.520
<v Speaker 3>you know, I was in my college dorm and my

0:19:40.600 --> 0:19:44.160
<v Speaker 3>roommate came in and told me. But when you interview

0:19:44.200 --> 0:19:47.119
<v Speaker 3>them a year or two later, they're telling you that

0:19:47.160 --> 0:19:49.200
<v Speaker 3>they learned about it when they turned on the TV.

0:19:50.160 --> 0:19:55.240
<v Speaker 3>So even memories surrounding something very emotional are malleable.

0:19:55.359 --> 0:19:58.560
<v Speaker 2>So collective memory can change just like individual memories can

0:19:58.840 --> 0:19:59.160
<v Speaker 2>I guess.

0:19:59.400 --> 0:20:02.479
<v Speaker 1>I wonder like, how does collective memory get shaped? Like

0:20:02.520 --> 0:20:04.200
<v Speaker 1>who decides what we remember?

0:20:04.600 --> 0:20:07.600
<v Speaker 2>There are some really interesting examples in the world right

0:20:07.640 --> 0:20:11.800
<v Speaker 2>now of things that could influence collective memory. One of

0:20:11.800 --> 0:20:15.960
<v Speaker 2>those things is monuments that commemorate different people or events.

0:20:16.080 --> 0:20:21.120
<v Speaker 3>What I described earlier was a new misleading information that

0:20:21.240 --> 0:20:26.440
<v Speaker 3>can contaminate or distort or transform somebody's memory. But it's

0:20:26.480 --> 0:20:30.119
<v Speaker 3>also the case that you can see items in the

0:20:30.160 --> 0:20:33.399
<v Speaker 3>world as you're wandering through the world that can remind

0:20:33.480 --> 0:20:36.320
<v Speaker 3>you of a past experience.

0:20:36.480 --> 0:20:38.800
<v Speaker 2>It's like a permanent physical reminder.

0:20:38.840 --> 0:20:41.359
<v Speaker 1>It's like walking to your house every day and seeing

0:20:41.359 --> 0:20:42.960
<v Speaker 1>the rib on the carpet every day, the ribbons on

0:20:43.000 --> 0:20:45.000
<v Speaker 1>the carpet every day, the ribs on the carpet, and

0:20:45.040 --> 0:20:47.720
<v Speaker 1>you're like, this was a major thing that happened. How

0:20:47.840 --> 0:20:49.879
<v Speaker 1>grand how you know exactly?

0:20:50.440 --> 0:20:53.440
<v Speaker 2>And those things are true not just for like physical

0:20:53.560 --> 0:20:57.800
<v Speaker 2>things that are you know, erected in our communities. It's

0:20:57.840 --> 0:20:59.120
<v Speaker 2>also true in pop culture.

0:20:59.280 --> 0:21:01.800
<v Speaker 1>Yes, I think that's a very good point. So in

0:21:01.840 --> 0:21:04.760
<v Speaker 1>the media, what stories get told. One of the most

0:21:04.800 --> 0:21:07.800
<v Speaker 1>recent ones that I think is really change is providing

0:21:07.840 --> 0:21:10.080
<v Speaker 1>some new information for folks.

0:21:09.960 --> 0:21:11.879
<v Speaker 2>Is when they See Us. Yep, When They See Us

0:21:11.920 --> 0:21:15.760
<v Speaker 2>has been the most watched series on Netflix in the

0:21:15.960 --> 0:21:19.200
<v Speaker 2>US every day since it premiered on May thirty first.

0:21:19.720 --> 0:21:21.920
<v Speaker 1>That's a lot of people, and that's really that's moving

0:21:21.960 --> 0:21:24.440
<v Speaker 1>the mark on that collective memory there.

0:21:24.560 --> 0:21:28.640
<v Speaker 2>The Central Park five was something that people know about

0:21:28.760 --> 0:21:31.879
<v Speaker 2>or kind of know about, but we didn't really have

0:21:32.000 --> 0:21:34.439
<v Speaker 2>as much detail as before. I feel like there are

0:21:34.480 --> 0:21:36.880
<v Speaker 2>some people who didn't even know that they were exonerated.

0:21:37.080 --> 0:21:40.040
<v Speaker 2>And now with all this additional information, this movie is

0:21:40.160 --> 0:21:42.080
<v Speaker 2>now like a monument.

0:21:42.240 --> 0:21:45.320
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it shifts the collective memory about what happened to

0:21:45.400 --> 0:21:46.320
<v Speaker 1>those young men.

0:21:46.320 --> 0:21:48.840
<v Speaker 2>And it also brings that memory to the forefront and

0:21:49.400 --> 0:21:51.600
<v Speaker 2>kind of like sears it into our memory. But that's

0:21:51.640 --> 0:21:55.639
<v Speaker 2>so important, right it is. It's important for our collective memory,

0:21:55.680 --> 0:21:58.480
<v Speaker 2>and it's important to build that structure within pop culture.

0:21:58.720 --> 0:22:01.480
<v Speaker 1>And so that makes me think that if cues like

0:22:01.520 --> 0:22:04.720
<v Speaker 1>that reinforce memory for us and make us remember things,

0:22:04.920 --> 0:22:07.280
<v Speaker 1>then does the absence of a queue like that make

0:22:07.359 --> 0:22:09.399
<v Speaker 1>us forget things from our collective memory.

0:22:09.840 --> 0:22:13.560
<v Speaker 2>I think that's definitely possible. The things that are super

0:22:13.560 --> 0:22:17.200
<v Speaker 2>important to a community, it's important to have things those

0:22:17.320 --> 0:22:20.240
<v Speaker 2>cues to bring it to the forefront of your mind. Yeah,

0:22:20.280 --> 0:22:22.960
<v Speaker 2>so put a little plaque next to that rib and say,

0:22:23.040 --> 0:22:25.600
<v Speaker 2>here lies the rib that teaching never finished. May it

0:22:25.640 --> 0:22:30.760
<v Speaker 2>always remind us to lock the back door. So over time,

0:22:30.960 --> 0:22:34.040
<v Speaker 2>as we have these memories in our brain, they will

0:22:34.160 --> 0:22:35.160
<v Speaker 2>start to fade. Right.

0:22:35.480 --> 0:22:38.199
<v Speaker 3>One of the kind of basic laws of memory is

0:22:38.200 --> 0:22:42.119
<v Speaker 3>that it fades over time. So our personal memories for

0:22:42.240 --> 0:22:46.520
<v Speaker 3>things we individually have experienced, or are collective memories for

0:22:46.680 --> 0:22:50.080
<v Speaker 3>things that we have as a society or a population

0:22:50.280 --> 0:22:54.959
<v Speaker 3>have experienced together. What's a little less obvious is that

0:22:55.040 --> 0:22:57.600
<v Speaker 3>as our memories are fading, they become more and more

0:22:57.800 --> 0:23:03.560
<v Speaker 3>vulnerable to being contempnedminated. So I can contaminate a memory

0:23:03.600 --> 0:23:06.640
<v Speaker 3>for something that happened a year ago a lot easier

0:23:06.680 --> 0:23:09.719
<v Speaker 3>than I can contaminate a memory for something that happened

0:23:09.720 --> 0:23:10.440
<v Speaker 3>an hour ago.

0:23:10.800 --> 0:23:15.359
<v Speaker 1>So the older memory is, the more likely it is

0:23:15.400 --> 0:23:19.439
<v Speaker 1>that someone could make you misremember what happened.

0:23:19.520 --> 0:23:26.560
<v Speaker 2>Okay, So I think that Z can become a better person.

0:23:24.840 --> 0:23:30.159
<v Speaker 2>What okay, wrong words? Not a better person, but just

0:23:30.240 --> 0:23:34.640
<v Speaker 2>better at remembering things. It's critical to our friendship. When

0:23:34.640 --> 0:23:37.960
<v Speaker 2>we turn seventy, I want to be able to tell

0:23:38.000 --> 0:23:40.960
<v Speaker 2>these stories. I'm gonna tell them, but I want them

0:23:40.960 --> 0:23:42.200
<v Speaker 2>to be accurate.

0:23:42.359 --> 0:23:45.960
<v Speaker 1>They will be when we turn seventy. Man, none of

0:23:45.960 --> 0:23:48.000
<v Speaker 1>this stuff is going to be the same. People are

0:23:48.000 --> 0:23:49.560
<v Speaker 1>going to be like used to stand around and hold

0:23:49.600 --> 0:23:52.200
<v Speaker 1>drinks in your hands and look at each other. Yes,

0:23:53.960 --> 0:23:56.520
<v Speaker 1>Doctor Lofta says that there's been research into ways to

0:23:56.600 --> 0:23:58.680
<v Speaker 1>prevent your memories from being contaminated.

0:23:58.760 --> 0:24:01.600
<v Speaker 3>One of the things psychology have looked at in this

0:24:01.800 --> 0:24:07.240
<v Speaker 3>memory contamination work is whether warning people that you might

0:24:07.280 --> 0:24:13.240
<v Speaker 3>be exposed to some misleading information can help people reduce

0:24:13.320 --> 0:24:17.440
<v Speaker 3>the impact of that misinformation. And we have found that

0:24:17.720 --> 0:24:20.160
<v Speaker 3>if you give people a warning, you know, watch out,

0:24:20.320 --> 0:24:24.080
<v Speaker 3>somebody might be trying to mess with your memory. People

0:24:24.119 --> 0:24:27.800
<v Speaker 3>can use that warning and to some extent fenned off

0:24:27.920 --> 0:24:32.399
<v Speaker 3>to some degree the invasion of new information into the mind.

0:24:32.520 --> 0:24:34.879
<v Speaker 1>But is a little tricky to employ this in the

0:24:34.920 --> 0:24:35.439
<v Speaker 1>real world.

0:24:35.520 --> 0:24:37.399
<v Speaker 3>The problem out there in the real world is we

0:24:37.480 --> 0:24:40.720
<v Speaker 3>don't walk around with these warnings in the forefront of

0:24:40.760 --> 0:24:41.760
<v Speaker 3>our consciousness.

0:24:41.840 --> 0:24:44.640
<v Speaker 2>And you know what else, I'm thinking about, what all

0:24:44.680 --> 0:24:46.760
<v Speaker 2>the stuff that we have in our phones, like all

0:24:46.800 --> 0:24:50.320
<v Speaker 2>the pictures and the videos and Facebook and Twitter and

0:24:50.359 --> 0:24:52.440
<v Speaker 2>all that stuff like that, that is really going to

0:24:52.480 --> 0:24:55.360
<v Speaker 2>play a major role as we get older and how

0:24:55.400 --> 0:24:58.639
<v Speaker 2>we remember stuff. Remember from the Edges Snatched episode, we

0:24:58.640 --> 0:25:03.160
<v Speaker 2>were talking to doctor Harris about self image versus self fact,

0:25:03.200 --> 0:25:05.240
<v Speaker 2>and we were asking folks, how many selfies do you

0:25:05.240 --> 0:25:06.120
<v Speaker 2>have in your phone?

0:25:06.400 --> 0:25:08.919
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, and he said, so he dropped a gem. He

0:25:09.080 --> 0:25:12.160
<v Speaker 1>was like, now, more than there's never been a time

0:25:12.200 --> 0:25:15.119
<v Speaker 1>in history where we spent more time looking at ourselves

0:25:15.240 --> 0:25:17.960
<v Speaker 1>exactly right. And so when you think about that, those

0:25:18.000 --> 0:25:21.040
<v Speaker 1>are lots of physical cues to remember. I feel like

0:25:21.080 --> 0:25:22.679
<v Speaker 1>back in the day, it was probably easier for some

0:25:22.680 --> 0:25:24.399
<v Speaker 1>folks to say, like, oh, when I was in college,

0:25:24.400 --> 0:25:26.280
<v Speaker 1>I was fly I was just this and that. But

0:25:26.320 --> 0:25:28.760
<v Speaker 1>when we look back at those pictures, honey, eyebrows are

0:25:28.840 --> 0:25:34.320
<v Speaker 1>razor thin girl, not fly tc. We're building our collective

0:25:34.720 --> 0:25:39.000
<v Speaker 1>memory now. It's everything that we're recording, everything that we're

0:25:39.000 --> 0:25:42.000
<v Speaker 1>putting on social media, everything that's in the press. Those

0:25:42.040 --> 0:25:44.800
<v Speaker 1>are going to be our cues that we go back

0:25:44.840 --> 0:25:45.439
<v Speaker 1>to later.

0:25:45.760 --> 0:25:47.960
<v Speaker 2>And before it was it was all put on the

0:25:47.960 --> 0:25:52.760
<v Speaker 2>shoulders of historians to collect all this information, keep it together,

0:25:52.960 --> 0:25:57.560
<v Speaker 2>preserve it, and everything like that. Now we are all historians.

0:25:57.640 --> 0:26:01.080
<v Speaker 1>We're our own historians, which is the scary part because

0:26:01.640 --> 0:26:03.680
<v Speaker 1>what I think is important for today might be really

0:26:03.760 --> 0:26:05.280
<v Speaker 1>different from what somebody else thinks.

0:26:05.359 --> 0:26:08.080
<v Speaker 2>Right, right, that just goes you know what.

0:26:08.080 --> 0:26:10.679
<v Speaker 1>That's making me think about who's talking about Sudan on

0:26:10.720 --> 0:26:13.639
<v Speaker 1>Instagram and who's not. Exactly something like that could be

0:26:13.720 --> 0:26:17.639
<v Speaker 1>totally wiped from the collective memory just because it doesn't right,

0:26:17.720 --> 0:26:20.919
<v Speaker 1>because there's a media blackout in Sudan, like our news

0:26:20.920 --> 0:26:23.119
<v Speaker 1>stations aren't covering it here, we're not hearing about it.

0:26:23.160 --> 0:26:27.440
<v Speaker 1>And basically we're relying on folks on Instagram that are

0:26:27.840 --> 0:26:31.560
<v Speaker 1>Sudanese or have some type of connection to Sudan to

0:26:31.720 --> 0:26:35.000
<v Speaker 1>give us the information or we wouldn't know. That's wild.

0:26:35.600 --> 0:26:38.680
<v Speaker 1>What if you lost your phone? What would that mean

0:26:38.720 --> 0:26:41.080
<v Speaker 1>for your ability to remember what's happened in the past

0:26:41.080 --> 0:26:41.639
<v Speaker 1>two years?

0:26:42.000 --> 0:26:44.479
<v Speaker 2>It would affect it a lot. Yeah, because I mean

0:26:44.520 --> 0:26:46.800
<v Speaker 2>even in our phones are if you have an iPhone,

0:26:46.840 --> 0:26:49.439
<v Speaker 2>I don't know what Android phones are doing. But now

0:26:49.560 --> 0:26:52.199
<v Speaker 2>let me stop. But like, as soon as you go

0:26:52.200 --> 0:26:53.800
<v Speaker 2>into your photos, it'll be like, here's what you were

0:26:53.800 --> 0:26:57.240
<v Speaker 2>doing five years ago, Here's what you were doing in September. Oh,

0:26:57.280 --> 0:26:59.919
<v Speaker 2>here's this slides show of you and your sisters. I'm like, oh,

0:27:00.880 --> 0:27:04.040
<v Speaker 2>this is nice. And even how we get information. People

0:27:04.040 --> 0:27:07.840
<v Speaker 2>don't think anymore. As soon as someone asked the question,

0:27:07.840 --> 0:27:10.120
<v Speaker 2>they're like, oh, and they pull out their phone and

0:27:10.160 --> 0:27:13.119
<v Speaker 2>they google it and get the answer. And I feel

0:27:13.160 --> 0:27:16.159
<v Speaker 2>like that contributes to us not being able to remember

0:27:16.200 --> 0:27:18.640
<v Speaker 2>information as well, because if you don't have to go

0:27:18.760 --> 0:27:21.680
<v Speaker 2>through the thought process, the scientific method in your head

0:27:21.760 --> 0:27:25.199
<v Speaker 2>of having an idea and postulating and trying to get

0:27:25.240 --> 0:27:29.199
<v Speaker 2>to a conclusion and then trying to get information to

0:27:30.000 --> 0:27:31.800
<v Speaker 2>support whatever you're trying to.

0:27:31.760 --> 0:27:35.000
<v Speaker 1>Do, information gathering, then analysis of that information.

0:27:35.320 --> 0:27:40.600
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, then how can you commit that to memory? You're

0:27:40.600 --> 0:27:42.440
<v Speaker 2>taking it for granted that when I need it it'll

0:27:42.480 --> 0:27:44.800
<v Speaker 2>be here. This is disposable, right, How do.

0:27:44.760 --> 0:27:46.840
<v Speaker 1>We reinforce the memories and the things that we care

0:27:46.880 --> 0:27:48.800
<v Speaker 1>about and we don't want to go to the wayside?

0:27:48.920 --> 0:27:53.320
<v Speaker 2>Right? That's tradition. That is tradition. And that's a very

0:27:53.359 --> 0:27:55.920
<v Speaker 2>good point. Because Juneteenth was yesterday.

0:27:56.000 --> 0:27:56.320
<v Speaker 3>M hm.

0:27:56.520 --> 0:27:57.640
<v Speaker 2>What did y'all do to celebrate?

0:27:57.640 --> 0:27:59.000
<v Speaker 1>What did you do to bring it to the forefront

0:27:59.040 --> 0:28:01.919
<v Speaker 1>of your mind and to and to remember or not

0:28:01.960 --> 0:28:04.640
<v Speaker 1>even just remember, but to go back and act and get.

0:28:04.440 --> 0:28:07.240
<v Speaker 2>Some accurate information about Juneteenth.

0:28:07.320 --> 0:28:10.200
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, let's post a June teenth quiz see what people

0:28:10.359 --> 0:28:13.080
<v Speaker 1>see what you know about Juneteenth, but don't read anything

0:28:13.960 --> 0:28:15.359
<v Speaker 1>before you take the queens and cheat.

0:28:15.720 --> 0:28:20.119
<v Speaker 2>Don't cheat. They're millennials and gen zs. They go on Google.

0:28:20.440 --> 0:28:23.560
<v Speaker 2>You can do a pre Google. You can do a

0:28:23.560 --> 0:28:26.560
<v Speaker 2>slight Google, not a deep Google. You can only look

0:28:26.560 --> 0:28:29.760
<v Speaker 2>at the first two results. Yeah.

0:28:29.800 --> 0:28:31.280
<v Speaker 1>I think one of the main things is like when

0:28:31.280 --> 0:28:34.240
<v Speaker 1>we think about Juneteenth, right, there are not many monuments,

0:28:34.280 --> 0:28:36.359
<v Speaker 1>and when we think about the fourth of July, I

0:28:36.400 --> 0:28:38.640
<v Speaker 1>feel like, I see, I can tell you July fourth,

0:28:38.720 --> 0:28:41.200
<v Speaker 1>seventeen seventy six, but June teenth.

0:28:41.600 --> 0:28:44.000
<v Speaker 2>What what year was it? What year was it?

0:28:44.360 --> 0:28:47.320
<v Speaker 1>And it's so interesting, right because it's where do you

0:28:47.320 --> 0:28:50.360
<v Speaker 1>get this information? You see the things about the fourth

0:28:50.360 --> 0:28:54.040
<v Speaker 1>of July everywhere. You see statues and monuments, and you

0:28:54.080 --> 0:28:56.160
<v Speaker 1>see all these things related to like the Civil War.

0:28:56.320 --> 0:28:57.280
<v Speaker 2>But I think when you.

0:28:57.400 --> 0:29:01.720
<v Speaker 1>Exclude certain events from the narrative, they also don't get

0:29:01.760 --> 0:29:04.080
<v Speaker 1>to become part of the collective memory. So somebody, we

0:29:04.160 --> 0:29:06.239
<v Speaker 1>need some community historians. And there are people that are

0:29:06.280 --> 0:29:09.120
<v Speaker 1>doing this work, you know, but we really want to

0:29:09.120 --> 0:29:10.800
<v Speaker 1>shine a light on them. So definitely check out our

0:29:10.800 --> 0:29:14.280
<v Speaker 1>show notes for some more information about Juneteenth and some

0:29:14.360 --> 0:29:15.200
<v Speaker 1>of the celebrations.

0:29:15.320 --> 0:29:19.400
<v Speaker 2>Yes, posted Juneteenth outfits. Yes, what did y'all wear?

0:29:19.440 --> 0:29:23.680
<v Speaker 1>How did y'all celebrate? I celebrate every occasion by cooking.

0:29:23.480 --> 0:29:26.200
<v Speaker 2>And I celebrate every occasion by going to Ze's house

0:29:27.480 --> 0:29:27.960
<v Speaker 2>and eating.

0:29:42.760 --> 0:29:45.040
<v Speaker 1>For more on today's episode, check out our cheat sheet

0:29:45.080 --> 0:29:48.280
<v Speaker 1>and show notes at Dope Labs podcasts dot com.

0:29:48.120 --> 0:29:50.440
<v Speaker 2>And remember the phone lines are always open. You can

0:29:50.520 --> 0:29:53.160
<v Speaker 2>leave us a question or a comment or text us.

0:29:53.360 --> 0:29:56.800
<v Speaker 2>Our number is two zero two five six seven seven

0:29:56.920 --> 0:30:01.600
<v Speaker 2>zero two eight. That's two zero two seven seven zero

0:30:01.720 --> 0:30:02.280
<v Speaker 2>two eight.

0:30:02.520 --> 0:30:04.960
<v Speaker 1>You can find us on Twitter and Instagram at Dope

0:30:05.040 --> 0:30:07.880
<v Speaker 1>Labs podcast t t is on Twitter and Instagram at

0:30:07.960 --> 0:30:10.719
<v Speaker 1>dr Underscore t Sho.

0:30:10.400 --> 0:30:13.000
<v Speaker 2>And you can find Zakia on Twitter and Instagram at

0:30:13.200 --> 0:30:14.000
<v Speaker 2>z Said So.

0:30:14.720 --> 0:30:16.400
<v Speaker 1>And if you do love the show, don't forget to

0:30:16.440 --> 0:30:18.720
<v Speaker 1>follow us on Spotify or wherever else you listen to

0:30:18.720 --> 0:30:23.240
<v Speaker 1>your podcast special thanks to our guest expert, doctor Elizabeth Loftus.

0:30:23.400 --> 0:30:25.520
<v Speaker 1>You can find more about her research in the show notes.

0:30:25.640 --> 0:30:28.400
<v Speaker 1>Our producer is Jenny Rattle at MAST. Mixing and sound

0:30:28.400 --> 0:30:29.600
<v Speaker 1>design by Hannis Brown.

0:30:29.720 --> 0:30:33.280
<v Speaker 2>Original theme music by Taka Yasuzawa and Alex sugi Ura.

0:30:33.400 --> 0:30:35.960
<v Speaker 2>Additional music by Elijah Lex Harvey.

0:30:36.080 --> 0:30:38.160
<v Speaker 1>Dope Labs is brought to you by three M and

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<v Speaker 1>is a production of Spotify Studios and Mega Own Media Group,

0:30:41.680 --> 0:30:43.000
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0:30:42.560 --> 0:30:43.720
<v Speaker 2>Produced by us T. T.

0:30:43.800 --> 0:30:50.320
<v Speaker 1>Shadia and Zakiah Wattley.

0:30:55.560 --> 0:30:56.840
<v Speaker 2>Why are you looking at me like that?

0:30:57.040 --> 0:31:00.160
<v Speaker 1>I'm just saying, maybe you thinking different about yourself. I'm not.

0:31:01.320 --> 0:31:03.120
<v Speaker 1>You don't want people to know you're a stone cold killer,

0:31:03.120 --> 0:31:05.520
<v Speaker 1>but I know