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Speaker 1: Hey, welcome to Stuff to blow your mind. My name

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Speaker 1: is Robert Lamb and I'm Joe McCormick. And it's Saturday.

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Speaker 1: Time to go on into the vault. That's right, it's

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Speaker 1: not just Saturday, it's it's four day It is no way, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's a right. Well, I guess you all just saw

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Speaker 1: the man behind the curtain. We don't actually record these

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Speaker 1: on Saturday mornings. I'm I'm sorry to say. Yeah, we

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Speaker 1: bank these ahead of time. So this is an episode

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Speaker 1: you did with Christian about weed, right, yes, this is

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Speaker 1: so yes, technically this is an episode from back in May.

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Speaker 1: Often it was one of two episodes that we recorded

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Speaker 1: together about marijuana. This first one was a Humanity's th

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Speaker 1: HC Odyssey, which is kind of an overview on some

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Speaker 1: of the history of of marijuana usage th HC usage.

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Speaker 1: We also did another one about medicinal marijuana. Um, but

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Speaker 1: we're not really re airing that one. I'm not I'd

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Speaker 1: have to look back and see, you like, where the

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Speaker 1: science is and everything. I feel like that's something we

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Speaker 1: would need to revisit as opposed to just simply you run.

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Speaker 1: But but this episode, this has some fun stuff in it.

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Speaker 1: Some of the history of marijuana usage and it's legal

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Speaker 1: status in the United States, as well as getting into

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Speaker 1: some you know, ideas about how marijuana may or may

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Speaker 1: not have played into different ancient societies. Sounds great, Well,

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Speaker 1: you folks at home or wherever you are, even if

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Speaker 1: you're not at home, enjoy this classic episode. Welcome to

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Speaker 1: Stuff to Blow Your Mind from how Stuff Works dot com. Hey,

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Speaker 1: welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. My name is

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Speaker 1: Robert Lamb and I'm Christian Sager. Hey, Robert, who said

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Speaker 1: the following, The illegality of cannabis is outrageous and impediment

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Speaker 1: to full utilization of a drug which helps produce the

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Speaker 1: serenity and insight, sensitivity, and fellowship so desperately needed in

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Speaker 1: this increasingly mad and dangerous world. Oh well, well, of

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Speaker 1: course a quote from Mr X from the early nineteen seventies. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Mr X. He's that guy who was on The X Files.

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Speaker 1: He replaced the deep throat character in like season three. Right,

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Speaker 1: Is that true? There's a Mr X on there? Oh yeah,

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Speaker 1: totally totally. He was like their inside informat. Uh, he's

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Speaker 1: the guy from twenty one Jump Street. He said that. No, No,

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Speaker 1: it turns out this was actually Carl Sagan what Yeah,

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Speaker 1: Mr mr X was his his his marijuana advocate pseudonym

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Speaker 1: back in the day. Well, Carl Sagan must have had

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Speaker 1: a contact high. That's my worst pot joke that I'm

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Speaker 1: gonna tell during this episode. But yeah, so Carl Sagan

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Speaker 1: said that, But we didn't find out about that until

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Speaker 1: after he died. You know, I learned about Carl Sagan

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Speaker 1: saying that listening to a podcast. I was listening to

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Speaker 1: the Dead Authors podcast with Paula Tompkins and Matt Gorley

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Speaker 1: was his guest pretending to be Carl Sagan, and they

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Speaker 1: talked about this quote at length. Yeah, and it's and

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Speaker 1: it's more than a quarte, like it's a full piece. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and you know, in which he talks about his experiences

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Speaker 1: with marijuana, the effects marijuana had in his own life,

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Speaker 1: on creativity, on making connections things outside of his out

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Speaker 1: of the scientific discipline. But he at least alluded a

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Speaker 1: little bit to it's it's used to make scientific connections

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Speaker 1: as well. So we figured we did a two part

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Speaker 1: on M D M A. There are a lot of

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Speaker 1: positive comments about that, and we thought, you know what,

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Speaker 1: maybe we should do this as kind of like an

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Speaker 1: ongoing series where we explore different uh drug substances, the

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Speaker 1: cultures around them, but mainly the science of how they

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Speaker 1: work and the potential medical properties that they have. Right, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: as well as you know, some cool historical and cultural

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Speaker 1: material as well. More way more so than M d

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Speaker 1: m A. Cannabis is a subject where you could easily

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Speaker 1: have a stuff to blow your mind esque show that

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Speaker 1: just covers nothing but marijuana. Like each day, you could

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Speaker 1: look at a different rent each week. You can look

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Speaker 1: at a different historical tidbit, some different cultural tidbit. You

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Speaker 1: could look at some new study about its applications. You

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Speaker 1: could look at some new study about it's uh you

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Speaker 1: know that that tackles it from a you know, drug abuse,

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Speaker 1: drug prevention angle. There's just so much material out there,

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Speaker 1: uh that you could just go on forever, And we're

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Speaker 1: not going to go on forever. We're going to west

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Speaker 1: in two pieces here. Yeah, we we did our best

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Speaker 1: to condense is down. Robert's right. There's an absolute infinity

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Speaker 1: of pot research out there, and that's a good thing

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Speaker 1: because there's a lot of things that we have to

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Speaker 1: learn from this one plant that are our species has

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Speaker 1: become totally obsessed with. Yeah, I mean we stand it

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Speaker 1: in you know, an interesting place in history where um

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Speaker 1: acceptance of marijuana is growing in many circles. Uh. We

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Speaker 1: see a lot more research, scientific research going on right

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Speaker 1: now than we have in the past. And uh, yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's it's hard to exactly predict where we'll be tend

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Speaker 1: oney thirty years from who knows. Yeah, but but yeah,

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Speaker 1: we're gonna give it the old stuff to blow your mind.

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Speaker 1: Shake here and if there, if you want more information

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Speaker 1: or you want a lot more of just a general overview,

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Speaker 1: there are a couple of great articles over how Stuff

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Speaker 1: Works dot com, one on marijuana, how Marijuana Works, another

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Speaker 1: one how medical Marijuana Works, that will give you the basics.

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Speaker 1: You know, us, we're liable to maybe dwell on some

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Speaker 1: of the weirder, cooler things about the topic, and you

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Speaker 1: might very well want to then go back and explore

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Speaker 1: some of the basics. Yeah, I want to start the

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Speaker 1: episode with a disclaimer that, like, what we're going to

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Speaker 1: do isn't the standard how marijuana works type episode. Uh,

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Speaker 1: and in fact, our colleagues over at Stuff you should

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Speaker 1: know to how Medicinal Marijuana Works episode that you should

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Speaker 1: go listen to if you're looking for something like that.

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Speaker 1: This is going to be more us really drilling as

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Speaker 1: far as we could uh into the science behind it,

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Speaker 1: how it affects the brain, uh, some kind of otter

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Speaker 1: unknown cultural connotations of it through history, how it's evolved

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Speaker 1: over the years. And in particular, one of the things

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Speaker 1: I'm psyched to talk about is like it's migratory patterns

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Speaker 1: across the planet. Yeah. That that is some really fasting

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Speaker 1: material there. And then we're going to break and we'll

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Speaker 1: do another episode later this week that's going to be

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Speaker 1: solely about the health benefits and the medical properties of it. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And so you know, this will be a little bit different.

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Speaker 1: This is in our voice and as such, you know,

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Speaker 1: it's a subjective experience. So Robert and I will also

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Speaker 1: probably bring our own experiences of growing up as adults

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Speaker 1: in America in a society that, uh, plenty of people

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Speaker 1: smoke marijuana and do do whatever they want with marijuana,

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Speaker 1: but it's sort of still illegal depends on where you

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Speaker 1: live now, yeah, yeah, and I imagine pretty much everybody

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Speaker 1: out there is gonna have some level of familiarity with

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Speaker 1: with marijuana, either you have tried it in the past,

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Speaker 1: you're an active user, you know somebody who fits either

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Speaker 1: these categories, or you've at least seen it on television.

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Speaker 1: You've heard about it in the lyrics to two various

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Speaker 1: songs and um and in various hip hop tracks. You

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Speaker 1: probably know something about what we're talking about here, all right,

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Speaker 1: So let's dive in then real basic Cannabis as an organism,

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Speaker 1: it is closely related to some other species plant species,

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Speaker 1: but really the gist of it is that it is

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Speaker 1: a plant that probably originally originated natively in India somewhere

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Speaker 1: just north of the Himalayas. We know that it can

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Speaker 1: grow somewhere between eight to twelve feet tall, almost in

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Speaker 1: some cases as tall as twenty five ft. I can't

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Speaker 1: imagine that. Uh. And then one thing that you know,

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Speaker 1: we'll just get out of the way, but this is

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Speaker 1: not going to be something we're gonna talk a ton about.

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Speaker 1: Of course, it has uses as a textile fiber, right,

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Speaker 1: and hemp has particular woody fibers in it that have

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Speaker 1: industrial applications and that that could be again like that

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Speaker 1: could be its own podcasts. All the ways that you

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Speaker 1: can use hemp, right, uh, And I mean it is

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Speaker 1: important to hit because because essentially you have two very

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Speaker 1: common subspecies of cannabis. You have Cannabis sativa L. And

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Speaker 1: the L stands for Carl Linnaeus, Carl Linnaeus who named

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Speaker 1: it in seventy three, and this is the non psychoactive

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Speaker 1: hemp variety. This is the version of of cannabis that

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Speaker 1: is used to create these various textiles and has been

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Speaker 1: used for ages, as we'll discuss in a little bit

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Speaker 1: um and and and to put that in perspective, hemp

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Speaker 1: contains less than one percent th HC. Meanwhile, you have

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Speaker 1: Cannabis sativa, the psychoactive cannabis plant, and that when that

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Speaker 1: one you'll see t h t HC levels that range

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Speaker 1: from four to and the upper end of that the

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Speaker 1: twenty percent area. You're going to see that in some

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Speaker 1: of the specially strains that humans have cultivated. So then

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Speaker 1: there's also Cannabis indica and there's another one called Cannabis

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Speaker 1: rut alis, and these are different species. There's variants the subspecies.

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Speaker 1: But one thing that's worth saying right up front about

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Speaker 1: these is that these categorizations sometimes get used over simplistically,

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Speaker 1: and this is gonna be something that we keep coming

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Speaker 1: back to over and over again, especially with medicinal use. Uh.

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Speaker 1: The idea, for instance, that indica makes you sleepy but

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Speaker 1: sativa makes you hyper. But then there you can find

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Speaker 1: strains of both that have totally opposite effects. Right. So

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Speaker 1: there's like there's a lot more going on here. And

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Speaker 1: the reason why is this plant is like incredibly dynamic

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Speaker 1: and complicated. It has more than five hundred chemicals in it,

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Speaker 1: including th HC. A hundred and nine of those chemicals

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Speaker 1: are what we call cannabinoids, and those are the important

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Speaker 1: ones when we're talking about the effects on the brain.

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Speaker 1: But this thing is really diverse. It's got a lot

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Speaker 1: going on inside of it. Uh. And depending on how

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Speaker 1: it's bread, depending on the different strains whatever, it's going

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Speaker 1: to have different effects, right. I mean, the effects of

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Speaker 1: th HC of consumption is going to depend down the strain,

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Speaker 1: how much you took, how you took it, your your

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Speaker 1: individual makeup, your past usage, a number of different factors. Um.

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Speaker 1: It's also worth a stressing here that the female cannabis

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Speaker 1: plant is the one that produces the sticky resin that

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Speaker 1: contains the cannabinoids, most notably delta nine tetra hydro cannabinal

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Speaker 1: which is th h h C. So th HC. Let's

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Speaker 1: let's start with just like a simple brain explanation. Okay,

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Speaker 1: here's this is the This isn't your brain on drugs.

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Speaker 1: This is just your brain. Okay. Our gray matter contains neurons,

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Speaker 1: and neurons are cells that talk to other cells with

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Speaker 1: electro chemicals. Right. The electro chemicals are called neurotransmitters, and

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Speaker 1: one type of neurotransmitter in our brains that exists without

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Speaker 1: smoking marijuana are called endocannabinoids. Yeah, endocannabinoids are in your

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Speaker 1: brain right now, regardless of if your past usage or

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Speaker 1: nine usage of marijuana. And there's one plant that also

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Speaker 1: produces them, and that's cannabis. So keep that in mind

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Speaker 1: throughout all of this, Right, is that, like the things

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Speaker 1: that are going on, the effects of cannabis on the

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Speaker 1: human body are basically mimicking things that we are already

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Speaker 1: going on right increasing or decreasing them. Yeah, I mean,

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Speaker 1: because you can you can sort of say that for

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Speaker 1: from for pretty much any Yeah, that's true. Substance, it's

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Speaker 1: not like a magic hand, supernatural force reaching into your brain.

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Speaker 1: Is the substance that is causing your brain to do

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Speaker 1: things that it already does, though perhaps in different intensities

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Speaker 1: and in different ways. Yeah, I just kind of want

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Speaker 1: to dispel the notion of the and you and I

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Speaker 1: grew up with this the this is your brain on

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Speaker 1: drugs type commercials where it's like the drugs are doing

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Speaker 1: the things to you, and yeah, like and they are.

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Speaker 1: I mean, it's a cause and effect relationship, but like

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Speaker 1: the chemistry sets already there in your skull, right, an

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Speaker 1: egg does not fry itself exactly, all right, So an

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Speaker 1: individual takes th HC it can We already mentioned that

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Speaker 1: the exact results are going to depend on strain, dosage,

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Speaker 1: delivery method, individual frequency of use, but the it's gonna

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Speaker 1: ultimately produce a variety of effects a both sensory and psychological,

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Speaker 1: including uh, one of the sources listed its mild revery,

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Speaker 1: which show we were just talking about about that off air. Well,

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Speaker 1: what's what's a more relatable term for that? Fun? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and that's what I would think of it as that's

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Speaker 1: that's another thing that like, I guess we should point

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Speaker 1: out as like along the way and the research of

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Speaker 1: this is of course academics who are studying marijuana or

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Speaker 1: cannabis and its effects like they're in this sort of weird,

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Speaker 1: precarious situation right where they want to be as scientifically

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Speaker 1: accurate as possible to maintain their standing of this being

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Speaker 1: a serious study. Uh because and and I read this

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Speaker 1: in multiple pieces, they're like, well, there's a stigma on

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Speaker 1: people who study this as like, you know, we're just

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Speaker 1: a bunch of hippies who just want to smoke weed

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Speaker 1: or something like that, while while also holding professorship and

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Speaker 1: almost like they're paranoid about it. Almost Yeah, uh so

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Speaker 1: there is almost uh an impenetrable language use in some

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Speaker 1: of these, including uh frequent reverie. Yeah, and they rarely

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Speaker 1: use the word dank, but yeah. Some of the other

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Speaker 1: effects include a euphoria, a heightened sensory awareness, creativity, empathy,

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Speaker 1: impaired short term memory, altered senses of time and space,

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Speaker 1: enhanced appetite and sexual desire, um not necessarily at the

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Speaker 1: same time, occasional drowsiness, and a tendency to enhance introspection. Okay, okay,

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Speaker 1: and this this, these are all the kind of like

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Speaker 1: basic assumptions that we have as just like general people

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Speaker 1: who exist at least in America, of what happens when

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Speaker 1: you smoke weed. Yeah. I mean, if you just watch television,

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Speaker 1: you see varying levels. So like the guy in this

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Speaker 1: show he smokes a little Jess Pinkman on breaking back,

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Speaker 1: suddenly he's a little more creative, creative. Or oh, this

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Speaker 1: character in this show aida pot brownie and then just

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Speaker 1: set there thinking about death for an hour, you know.

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Speaker 1: Then yeah, totally, a lot of people are gonna be

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Speaker 1: familiar with these these basic uh sensory and psychological effects.

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Speaker 1: So back to the brain. Those cannabinoids work their way

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Speaker 1: up through our blood and into our brains, and they

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Speaker 1: mimic or block the neurotransmitters, interfering with our normal functions. Right, So,

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Speaker 1: because there's high concentrations of cannabis, cannabinoid receptors in our

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Speaker 1: hippocampus are cerebellum and our basil ganglia. The THHC binds

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Speaker 1: with the receptors there and interferes with our recollection of

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Speaker 1: recent events. So this is the whole memory thing. We're

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Speaker 1: gonna talk a lot about this um. In fact, I

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Speaker 1: had previously written an up pisode for our video series

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Speaker 1: Brain Stuff on how much marijuana actually affects your memory,

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Speaker 1: so I was able to incorporate a lot of that

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Speaker 1: research here, and of course, as we also know, it

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Speaker 1: affects your coordination and your muscle movement. So okay, like

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Speaker 1: we said, our brains have already got these endocannabinoids in them, right,

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Speaker 1: and cannabis cannabis basically hijacks this process. Now, the system,

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Speaker 1: the endocannabinoids system, influences our pain, our memory, our mood,

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Speaker 1: and our appetite, all those things that Robert just listed

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Speaker 1: as being affected by using cannabis, which is a nice uh,

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Speaker 1: which nicely foreshadows the air eventual discussion on medical applications

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Speaker 1: because you can already see this is a substance that

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Speaker 1: is is already involved in a number of of the

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Speaker 1: things that are affected by various illnesses and diseases. Yeah. Absolutely, uh.

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Speaker 1: And one of the things that we're really getting into now,

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Speaker 1: and we're going to talk about more, but like research

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Speaker 1: is relatively recently in the last five years, is that

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Speaker 1: the end cannabinoid process also has a big role in

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Speaker 1: how our brains grow. Now, recall from when we talked

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Speaker 1: about m d M A and the m d M

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Speaker 1: A episodes, our brains are actually growing until we're twenty

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Speaker 1: five years old. Like it's easy to say like, oh,

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Speaker 1: I'm I'm grown up, I'm eighteen, I'm done, But that's

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Speaker 1: not true, Like your brain is still evolving, and uh,

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Speaker 1: using marijuana definitely seems to have an effect on how

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Speaker 1: your brain grows if you use it in adolescence. But

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Speaker 1: I think like what they're referring to is like anything

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Speaker 1: before years old, and that that's on a regular use.

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Speaker 1: But we'll get into that later. And the thing about

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Speaker 1: the end of cannabinoid system, we've only known about this

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Speaker 1: thing since the late nineties, so, uh, we know, okay,

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Speaker 1: we know it's a complex neural system. We know it

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Speaker 1: affects these couple of things that I just mentioned, but

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Speaker 1: we're only beginning to understand it. So it's weird when

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Speaker 1: you go down the rabbit hole on marijuana research because

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Speaker 1: there's tons of it. Like we mentioned, it's everywhere, but

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Speaker 1: a lot of it is the same, Like, here's this

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Speaker 1: endocannabinoid thing. We sort of get it, but not really.

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Speaker 1: More research is needed. Uh. And then here's my fun

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Speaker 1: fact for the episode. The reason you can't overdose on

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Speaker 1: marijuana is because our cannabinoid receptors aren't densely packed inside

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Speaker 1: the medulla. The medulla controls our cardiovascular system. Right, So

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Speaker 1: if you use heroin and you overdose on heroin, that'll

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Speaker 1: shut down your respiratory control center. But pot can't do

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Speaker 1: anything like that. Do not mistake as when we say

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Speaker 1: you cannot overdose on marijuana, we are not saying that

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Speaker 1: you cannot take too much JA. You cannot. You can

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Speaker 1: take more marijuana than than is than you should or

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Speaker 1: is comfortable for the user experience. Um, but you can

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Speaker 1: say that about anything, right. You can say that about chocolate. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I mean one, So you can say that about plenty

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Speaker 1: of things just in your on your spice rack that

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Speaker 1: take too much of it you and they can have

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Speaker 1: dire consequences. Bottom line being, you cannot overdose, but you

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Speaker 1: can't take too much. Okay, So we're gonna talk about

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Speaker 1: the positive effects. But I'd like to think that most

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Speaker 1: of the people out there, again, like whether you've had

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Speaker 1: personal experience with it or you've just watched it on

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Speaker 1: a TV show, you pretty much get what those positive

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Speaker 1: effects are, right, at least the positive recreational effects that

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Speaker 1: we're talking yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, the the reduced of

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Speaker 1: pain and inflammation. Uh, and then the medicinal applications we're

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Speaker 1: going to talk about in the next episode and primarily

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Speaker 1: just you know, spoilers for that episode. It's primarily used

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Speaker 1: to treat epilepsy and multiple sclerosis, and of course we

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Speaker 1: also discussed some of its uses um for people who

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Speaker 1: are undergoing chemotherapy from cancer. Yeah, there's all kinds and

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Speaker 1: and PTSD as well. Just just like with m D

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Speaker 1: m A. Uh, that same Maps Search Institute is looking

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Speaker 1: at how marijuana can help with PTSD. So this leads

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Speaker 1: us though, let's talk about the adverse effects. Okay, and

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Speaker 1: this isn't I'm not gonna do like the Nancy Reagan

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Speaker 1: like sit here and tell you all the bad things, right.

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Speaker 1: I think the way that we need to approach this,

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Speaker 1: just like we we talked about with m D m A,

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Speaker 1: is like, let's be mature about it. This is a plant.

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Speaker 1: This plant does these things to the human body. We're

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Speaker 1: listing them. We can apply positive or negative connotations to them,

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Speaker 1: but just it's important for us to walk through what

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Speaker 1: they are, right, all right? So memory is the big one, uh,

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Speaker 1: And then the answer like, does does marijuana affect your memory? Oh? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it absolutely does. And the reason why is because the

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Speaker 1: th HC latches onto the cannabinoid receptor type CB one

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Speaker 1: in your brain. Uh. And this affects your short term memory.

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Speaker 1: In fact, we've done forty year's worth of studies that

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Speaker 1: show that THHC disrupt that disrupts our short term memory.

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Speaker 1: It also makes it difficult to remember what happened when

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Speaker 1: you were actually high. Uh. And yes, when you take

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Speaker 1: larger doses, like Robert was talking about, you can take

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Speaker 1: too much, it has an even even more of an

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Speaker 1: effect on your memory. However, you can also develop a tolerance. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And so like if you are a chronic user, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: you can build up a tolerance and subsequently you'll have

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Speaker 1: less of the memory problems. But this also plays into

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Speaker 1: the medicinal stuff we're gonna talk about later in that

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Speaker 1: like the medicinal applications don't always work again because you

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Speaker 1: can build up a tolerance to it, right, And it's

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Speaker 1: and on the short term memory stuff. I do want

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Speaker 1: to mention here that like there's a difference between say, oh,

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Speaker 1: this user um consumes some marijuana and they can't quite

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Speaker 1: remember all the details of that that episode of of

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Speaker 1: Breaking Bad they watched, as opposed to an idea of

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Speaker 1: like somebody just having a complete blackout experience. There are

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Speaker 1: varying levels of memory disruption, and it's not just the

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Speaker 1: black and white I remember and oh I have a

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Speaker 1: black hole in my life. Yeah, yeah, totally totally, which

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Speaker 1: reminds me of like, you know, I mean, I have

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Speaker 1: friends who over the years used too much alcohol and

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Speaker 1: that was kind of their experience with that, which was

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Speaker 1: just like the the whole in in time and space.

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Speaker 1: They don't remember what happened, or at least they say

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Speaker 1: they don't remember what happened. I have far less friends

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Speaker 1: who use marijuana that have said the same thing. So,

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Speaker 1: but let's let's clarify too. Existing memories are not affected

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Speaker 1: by marijuana use. Uh. And this does not lead to

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Speaker 1: memory loss, you know, or dementia. Uh. That needs to

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Speaker 1: be clarified because there's I think, you know, a lot

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Speaker 1: of the scare campaigns about cannabis leads to sort of

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Speaker 1: these misunderstandings. Researchers do, though, hope that they can use

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Speaker 1: th HC to help people with forgetting add memories associated

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Speaker 1: with PTSD, and the reason why is because the end

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Speaker 1: o cannabinoid system regulates memory formation, but it also is

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Speaker 1: involved with how we quote make negative memories extinct. That's

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Speaker 1: a weird phrasing, but apparently there's has something to do

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Speaker 1: with us. Basically, Like I guess, like the metaphor would

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Speaker 1: be like putting a negative memory in a box and

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Speaker 1: shoving it in a closet way in the back of

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Speaker 1: your brain, right and just being like I'm done with this.

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Speaker 1: But you know, this touches again on the complexity of

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Speaker 1: THHC because it's a substance that almost paradoxically involves sometimes

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Speaker 1: the like the the the overexamination of a negative element

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Speaker 1: in one's memories or in this case, we're discussing now

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Speaker 1: the potential eradication of of negative connotations for a memory. Right.

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Speaker 1: And we didn't do a lot of like real deep

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Speaker 1: dive research into the PTSD application here, but I'm going

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Speaker 1: to guess based on all the stuff that we did

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Speaker 1: on m D m A and PTSD, they probably has

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Speaker 1: a similar use. And then it's done in conjunction with therapy,

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Speaker 1: and that you know, you use it a little bit

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Speaker 1: with a trustworthy therapist and then you talk your way

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Speaker 1: through the memories and the problems. Rather than it's it's

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Speaker 1: not like this magical thing where like you take a

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Speaker 1: certain amount of marijuana and your memory just goes into

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Speaker 1: the closet, right, Like, we need to stop thinking about

401
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Speaker 1: it as being like this just magic wand thing. Okay.

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Speaker 1: The chronic use effects are important to consider as well,

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Speaker 1: because as we age, chronic use of marijuana can hasten

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Speaker 1: the loss of neurons in our hippocampus. So teens, and

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Speaker 1: this is where it comes into the like growing up

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Speaker 1: and how it affects your brain thing. Teens who smoke

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Speaker 1: it for three or more years may have abnormally shaped

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Speaker 1: hippocamp i, and they get more abnormal the longer they

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Speaker 1: use it chronically. Now, these deformations are connected to poor

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Speaker 1: performance on memory tests and they don't go away either. Uh.

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Speaker 1: They've been observed in individuals who are in their early

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Speaker 1: twenties who stopped using marijuana up to two years before.

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Speaker 1: So it's like there's this window in your life and

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Speaker 1: let's be honest, for a lot of us, that's the

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Speaker 1: window when we're most likely to use marijuana. Uh. And

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Speaker 1: and it if it's used on enough of a regular basis,

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Speaker 1: it can affect the shape of your brain. Yeah, I

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Speaker 1: mean this is the period of time in our development

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Speaker 1: where we're hardwired really to to break out and uh

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Speaker 1: and and attached to different peer groups as like a

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Speaker 1: survival instinct, to to take more risks as a survival instinct.

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Speaker 1: Uh So, it's it's it's unfortunate. This is also the

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Speaker 1: time where we should we should probably not be experimenting

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Speaker 1: with a whole bunch of different substances. Yeah. I know,

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Speaker 1: Like reading this, like I almost thought like wow, like

426
00:24:52,600 --> 00:24:55,199
Speaker 1: in a in a mature society would be And I

427
00:24:55,240 --> 00:24:58,560
Speaker 1: wonder if there's like some kind of uh like smaller

428
00:24:58,640 --> 00:25:01,160
Speaker 1: micro culture somewhere where it's like this where it's like, yeah,

429
00:25:01,480 --> 00:25:03,880
Speaker 1: like we accept that this is a thing that exists

430
00:25:03,880 --> 00:25:06,080
Speaker 1: and it has these properties, but you know, for the

431
00:25:06,080 --> 00:25:08,480
Speaker 1: most part, like we want to keep that away, uh,

432
00:25:08,640 --> 00:25:11,840
Speaker 1: from our from our youth until they're of a particular age,

433
00:25:12,119 --> 00:25:14,600
Speaker 1: and then we'll have like a ceremony or whatever, like

434
00:25:14,600 --> 00:25:18,800
Speaker 1: like a celebration spring. Yeah, like the yeah, the rum

435
00:25:18,960 --> 00:25:23,439
Speaker 1: spring of marijuana where you're ready and it won't affect

436
00:25:23,440 --> 00:25:26,119
Speaker 1: how your brain is shaped and and and and affect

437
00:25:26,119 --> 00:25:29,239
Speaker 1: your cognition. Basically, it's basically your programming here is too

438
00:25:30,000 --> 00:25:33,080
Speaker 1: is to rebel, run away from your tribe and go

439
00:25:33,119 --> 00:25:36,680
Speaker 1: find another tribe that you can breed with and find

440
00:25:36,720 --> 00:25:40,880
Speaker 1: safety among But yeah, wait to get to other tribe

441
00:25:41,080 --> 00:25:45,359
Speaker 1: until you trial these substances should be the caveat there. Yeah,

442
00:25:45,359 --> 00:25:46,959
Speaker 1: I don't know, that would be interesting. I wonder if

443
00:25:46,960 --> 00:25:49,360
Speaker 1: any of the listeners out there aware of, like, if

444
00:25:49,359 --> 00:25:52,080
Speaker 1: there's some there must be I would assume that there's

445
00:25:52,080 --> 00:25:55,159
Speaker 1: got to be some kind of mature society where that

446
00:25:55,280 --> 00:25:58,200
Speaker 1: is how it's handled, although I guess like based on

447
00:25:58,720 --> 00:26:03,240
Speaker 1: sort of like Nations eight regulations, we wouldn't necessarily be

448
00:26:03,320 --> 00:26:05,480
Speaker 1: able to do that anymore. Well, I think you do

449
00:26:05,600 --> 00:26:10,280
Speaker 1: see traditional uses of marijuana and other substances where control

450
00:26:10,320 --> 00:26:15,239
Speaker 1: of the substances held by shamans and religious individuals, and

451
00:26:15,280 --> 00:26:18,679
Speaker 1: therefore you would have to reach a certain age a

452
00:26:18,680 --> 00:26:21,919
Speaker 1: certain place in your life before they would be administered

453
00:26:21,920 --> 00:26:23,919
Speaker 1: to you. That's so that would be I think the

454
00:26:23,960 --> 00:26:27,320
Speaker 1: most likely form of that. Okay, Yeah, that's interesting to

455
00:26:27,359 --> 00:26:31,080
Speaker 1: consider going forward with us. Um. So, yeah, so we

456
00:26:31,200 --> 00:26:34,080
Speaker 1: know this endocannabinoid system, even though it's super complex and

457
00:26:34,080 --> 00:26:36,560
Speaker 1: we're only just now learning about it, it's important to

458
00:26:36,640 --> 00:26:39,639
Speaker 1: how our signaps is form. It's important to our early

459
00:26:39,680 --> 00:26:43,560
Speaker 1: brain development during adolescent uh. And so yes, it's possible

460
00:26:43,600 --> 00:26:48,080
Speaker 1: that marijuana is affecting the development of our brains. Uh.

461
00:26:48,119 --> 00:26:51,399
Speaker 1: And we know, of course they also adversely affect our

462
00:26:51,400 --> 00:26:56,000
Speaker 1: motor coordination, our attention, our judgment. It also can raise

463
00:26:56,040 --> 00:27:00,480
Speaker 1: our heart rate, cause anxiety, and it has irritans inside

464
00:27:00,520 --> 00:27:04,199
Speaker 1: the smoke that possibly caused cancer. And this is a

465
00:27:04,240 --> 00:27:07,000
Speaker 1: good moment for us to all Right, so memories the

466
00:27:07,000 --> 00:27:09,879
Speaker 1: big one, right, that's the big like quote unquote adverse effect.

467
00:27:09,920 --> 00:27:13,240
Speaker 1: But let's go through a list of other adverse effects

468
00:27:13,240 --> 00:27:16,080
Speaker 1: that have been tracked through science. All Right, It's been

469
00:27:16,160 --> 00:27:18,520
Speaker 1: linked to having a thirty lower sperm count. You have

470
00:27:18,640 --> 00:27:21,600
Speaker 1: used at least once a week. It's also it's not

471
00:27:21,720 --> 00:27:26,680
Speaker 1: highly addictive. However, ten percent of users become dependent. I've

472
00:27:26,720 --> 00:27:31,360
Speaker 1: also I've seen that number represented as high as thirty.

473
00:27:31,520 --> 00:27:34,040
Speaker 1: It kind of depends on who's tweaking the numbers. Just

474
00:27:34,200 --> 00:27:37,960
Speaker 1: I think it depends on like your definition of dependence. Yeah,

475
00:27:37,960 --> 00:27:41,320
Speaker 1: I think the thirty percent I saw was something like, quote, um,

476
00:27:41,560 --> 00:27:45,920
Speaker 1: some degree of dependence yeah. Um. But the so that's

477
00:27:45,920 --> 00:27:49,040
Speaker 1: the thing is the addiction like definition is complicated. It's

478
00:27:49,080 --> 00:27:53,480
Speaker 1: possible that you might be influencing a neurochemical dopamine addiction

479
00:27:53,480 --> 00:27:55,120
Speaker 1: that's linked in our brain. There's a couple of other

480
00:27:55,160 --> 00:27:59,080
Speaker 1: science things going on here. Uh. It may also change

481
00:27:59,160 --> 00:28:02,680
Speaker 1: the quote fyel good part of the brain, including our

482
00:28:02,760 --> 00:28:05,440
Speaker 1: neurons that produce dopamine. And if you're you know it's

483
00:28:05,480 --> 00:28:07,840
Speaker 1: constantly producing dopamine. That's going to make people to want

484
00:28:07,880 --> 00:28:11,720
Speaker 1: to keep using it obviously. Uh. And somehow we know this.

485
00:28:11,880 --> 00:28:15,040
Speaker 1: It's reducing the number of those c B one receptors

486
00:28:15,040 --> 00:28:17,040
Speaker 1: that we have in our brains, and that too could

487
00:28:17,080 --> 00:28:19,359
Speaker 1: be leading to addiction of some type. It's also been

488
00:28:19,400 --> 00:28:23,360
Speaker 1: linked to cardiovascular problems, long damage for heavy smokers, high

489
00:28:23,440 --> 00:28:27,360
Speaker 1: risk of developing chronic cabronchitis, but its effects on respiratory

490
00:28:27,359 --> 00:28:31,040
Speaker 1: function and respiratory cancer unclear, mostly because of mixed use

491
00:28:31,119 --> 00:28:33,439
Speaker 1: with tobacco. So on a lot of this, we're just

492
00:28:33,440 --> 00:28:37,560
Speaker 1: talking about the fact that the primary method of consuming

493
00:28:37,600 --> 00:28:41,520
Speaker 1: it is the smoke, So of course you're going to

494
00:28:41,680 --> 00:28:44,400
Speaker 1: end end up with smoke a relation issues. Yeah, And

495
00:28:44,440 --> 00:28:47,320
Speaker 1: now going back to my story of my stupid youth,

496
00:28:47,680 --> 00:28:51,880
Speaker 1: Cannabis intoxication can double a driver's risk of a crash,

497
00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:55,160
Speaker 1: as reported in a study, and I'm here from a

498
00:28:55,200 --> 00:28:58,840
Speaker 1: subjective experience to tell you that makes a lot of sense. Also,

499
00:28:59,320 --> 00:29:04,360
Speaker 1: maternal annabis use during pregnancy you can modestly reduce birthwight, Okay,

500
00:29:04,400 --> 00:29:08,400
Speaker 1: And there is a connection between youthful exposure to to

501
00:29:08,520 --> 00:29:15,600
Speaker 1: cannabis and early onset psychosis, including schizophrenia. Now I want

502
00:29:15,640 --> 00:29:19,360
Speaker 1: to add here though, that these people are usually already

503
00:29:19,400 --> 00:29:24,360
Speaker 1: genetically predisposed towards these mental illnesses. So it's not like

504
00:29:24,600 --> 00:29:27,520
Speaker 1: smoking weed makes you crazy, right, Like, it's not that.

505
00:29:28,400 --> 00:29:32,160
Speaker 1: And it's also associated with the use of other elithic drugs. Yeah,

506
00:29:32,200 --> 00:29:33,920
Speaker 1: And I feel like this is a good moment, like

507
00:29:33,960 --> 00:29:37,600
Speaker 1: with that particular one to just like add a note

508
00:29:37,640 --> 00:29:41,400
Speaker 1: here that I personally think that there's a difference between

509
00:29:42,560 --> 00:29:47,800
Speaker 1: cannabis is socio cultural role and its scientific effects on

510
00:29:47,880 --> 00:29:52,040
Speaker 1: the human body. And some studies suggest that cannabis is

511
00:29:52,080 --> 00:29:56,840
Speaker 1: a contributing cause to these things like for instance, that

512
00:29:56,880 --> 00:29:59,640
Speaker 1: you'll drop out of school or something, while others are

513
00:29:59,720 --> 00:30:02,440
Speaker 1: argue doing that. Yeah, there's a relationship there, but there's

514
00:30:02,480 --> 00:30:05,200
Speaker 1: also lots of other shared causes, right like makes me

515
00:30:05,240 --> 00:30:08,360
Speaker 1: think of wicked problems. Uh, there's a lot going on there.

516
00:30:08,640 --> 00:30:11,480
Speaker 1: And just from my own personal experience growing up with

517
00:30:11,480 --> 00:30:13,840
Speaker 1: with with kids who dropped out of school and we're

518
00:30:14,160 --> 00:30:17,400
Speaker 1: pot smokers, Like, I don't think it was necessarily just

519
00:30:17,520 --> 00:30:19,920
Speaker 1: the pot that made them drop out of school, right, Like,

520
00:30:20,160 --> 00:30:22,040
Speaker 1: they had a lot of other things going on in

521
00:30:22,080 --> 00:30:25,880
Speaker 1: their lives and it was a convergence. Yeah. And and

522
00:30:26,120 --> 00:30:28,040
Speaker 1: you know, it's easy to get into. You could you

523
00:30:28,080 --> 00:30:30,360
Speaker 1: could do a whole episode just talking about the whole

524
00:30:30,400 --> 00:30:34,280
Speaker 1: gateway drug ban. You know, to what extent is it

525
00:30:34,320 --> 00:30:36,560
Speaker 1: a gateway drug? To what extent is anything a gateway

526
00:30:36,600 --> 00:30:39,600
Speaker 1: drug if you keep it, like legally and socially stored

527
00:30:39,680 --> 00:30:42,320
Speaker 1: in the box with these other things. It's kind of

528
00:30:42,360 --> 00:30:44,840
Speaker 1: like saying, hey, if you keep the bubble gum in

529
00:30:44,880 --> 00:30:48,320
Speaker 1: the liquor cabinet, then bubble gum is the gateway to liquor, right,

530
00:30:48,360 --> 00:30:52,800
Speaker 1: because that is the you inevitably fall in proximity to it. Yeah,

531
00:30:52,840 --> 00:30:55,640
Speaker 1: but the official lingo in one of the studies we

532
00:30:55,760 --> 00:31:00,080
Speaker 1: read says that, yes, they find a consistent association in

533
00:31:00,160 --> 00:31:06,920
Speaker 1: between regular cannabis use and poor psycho social outcomes in adulthood. Now,

534
00:31:07,040 --> 00:31:10,000
Speaker 1: my personal experience, I would argue against that, but that's

535
00:31:10,080 --> 00:31:13,920
Speaker 1: very subjective. You know, I am an adult, uh thirty

536
00:31:13,960 --> 00:31:16,920
Speaker 1: eight years old, and I have lots of friends who

537
00:31:16,960 --> 00:31:22,000
Speaker 1: partake in using marijuana. And they make great decisions and

538
00:31:22,040 --> 00:31:26,400
Speaker 1: are pretty stable adults. Now we mentioned uh, we mentioned smoke,

539
00:31:26,520 --> 00:31:30,720
Speaker 1: We mentioned different methods of consuming cannabis. I do want

540
00:31:30,760 --> 00:31:33,160
Speaker 1: to mention here that for cannabis to release th HC

541
00:31:33,320 --> 00:31:36,080
Speaker 1: into the bloodstream, it must be heated above one hundred

542
00:31:36,120 --> 00:31:39,200
Speaker 1: degrees celsius or two hundred twelve degrees fahrenheit. So it

543
00:31:39,240 --> 00:31:41,440
Speaker 1: has to be cooked, it has to be smoked. And

544
00:31:41,480 --> 00:31:43,760
Speaker 1: this is why we inevitably end up talking about the

545
00:31:43,800 --> 00:31:47,320
Speaker 1: inhalation of cannabis smoke, the brewing of cannabis teeth, the

546
00:31:47,320 --> 00:31:50,120
Speaker 1: creation of cannabis oils that can be absorbed through the skin,

547
00:31:50,760 --> 00:31:54,240
Speaker 1: culinary infusion generally you know, in the form of or

548
00:31:54,280 --> 00:31:56,080
Speaker 1: often in the form of butters and other things that

549
00:31:56,120 --> 00:31:58,960
Speaker 1: are then used in baking. Uh. Some cultures in the

550
00:31:59,000 --> 00:32:03,520
Speaker 1: past just through into a communal campfire and um inhaled

551
00:32:03,560 --> 00:32:06,280
Speaker 1: it that way. And the use of pipes was actually

552
00:32:06,440 --> 00:32:11,600
Speaker 1: rather uncommon until the sixteenth century. So so yeah, the

553
00:32:11,640 --> 00:32:13,760
Speaker 1: whole sort of it's easy to miss that given how

554
00:32:13,800 --> 00:32:19,920
Speaker 1: prevalent the bong and one hitter culture is today. But yeah,

555
00:32:20,280 --> 00:32:24,680
Speaker 1: that is a in the long history of human cannabis use. Uh,

556
00:32:24,800 --> 00:32:27,560
Speaker 1: that's a relatively new thing. Yeah, it's kind of worth

557
00:32:27,960 --> 00:32:30,520
Speaker 1: realizing that, like we are only just a little blip

558
00:32:30,520 --> 00:32:35,560
Speaker 1: on the radar of its uh influence on human history,

559
00:32:35,680 --> 00:32:37,720
Speaker 1: especially like when you when you look at how far

560
00:32:37,800 --> 00:32:42,000
Speaker 1: back it goes. Indeed, So hey, on that note, let's

561
00:32:42,040 --> 00:32:44,160
Speaker 1: take a quick break and when we come back, we're

562
00:32:44,200 --> 00:32:46,600
Speaker 1: going to dive into a little bit on the evolution

563
00:32:46,600 --> 00:32:50,120
Speaker 1: of cannabis and the overall success of cannabis as it

564
00:32:50,160 --> 00:33:02,320
Speaker 1: just spreads across our world through human culture. So cannabis

565
00:33:02,880 --> 00:33:07,440
Speaker 1: thrives in a sunny environment or alternatively, like a massive

566
00:33:07,440 --> 00:33:10,160
Speaker 1: grow house I'm thinking of like a have you seen

567
00:33:10,160 --> 00:33:13,680
Speaker 1: that movie Attack the Block? Yes, the like sky rise

568
00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:15,840
Speaker 1: grow house that they have that's in like one of

569
00:33:15,840 --> 00:33:19,840
Speaker 1: those like apartment complex. Oh yeah, you can grow pretty

570
00:33:19,880 --> 00:33:23,440
Speaker 1: much anywhere. Grow Houses are are fascinating subject under themselves.

571
00:33:23,520 --> 00:33:25,440
Speaker 1: I wrote an article for How Stuff Works about them

572
00:33:25,880 --> 00:33:28,400
Speaker 1: several years back, and I'm not even sure to what

573
00:33:28,520 --> 00:33:33,120
Speaker 1: extent with our growing uh, with with our shifting acceptance

574
00:33:33,400 --> 00:33:36,520
Speaker 1: of marijuana, to what extent, grow houses are still quite

575
00:33:36,560 --> 00:33:41,040
Speaker 1: the weird urban spaceship that they were, you know, where

576
00:33:41,040 --> 00:33:44,840
Speaker 1: you basically have an environment that is, you know, like

577
00:33:44,920 --> 00:33:47,960
Speaker 1: a human can barely live inside one of these things.

578
00:33:48,800 --> 00:33:51,800
Speaker 1: It's all about growing the marijuana plants. I don't even

579
00:33:51,800 --> 00:33:54,800
Speaker 1: know to what extent those are. Those are still as

580
00:33:54,920 --> 00:33:57,320
Speaker 1: extreme a situation as they were a few years ago.

581
00:33:58,120 --> 00:33:59,920
Speaker 1: But um, but for the most part, yeah, they need

582
00:33:59,960 --> 00:34:05,080
Speaker 1: to sunny environment. Uh. We mentioned earlier. They probably evolved

583
00:34:05,240 --> 00:34:11,280
Speaker 1: in um in India, perhaps Central Asia specifically. Some theories

584
00:34:11,320 --> 00:34:14,600
Speaker 1: say Mongolia or southern Siberia, though you'll also find people

585
00:34:14,640 --> 00:34:17,800
Speaker 1: to make a case for the Honghi River valley of

586
00:34:17,920 --> 00:34:21,719
Speaker 1: the Hindu Kush Mountains, South Asia or Afghanistan. It's one

587
00:34:21,760 --> 00:34:24,080
Speaker 1: of those things that's ultimately kind of lost to history.

588
00:34:24,400 --> 00:34:27,000
Speaker 1: And this is that thing where you go, all, right,

589
00:34:27,200 --> 00:34:32,680
Speaker 1: hold up, how long have people been interacting with cannabis. Well,

590
00:34:32,719 --> 00:34:37,000
Speaker 1: the first written account is in Chinese records from the

591
00:34:37,120 --> 00:34:44,319
Speaker 1: twenty eight century BC. That's way back. I mean it's

592
00:34:44,360 --> 00:34:47,080
Speaker 1: pretty far. And then when you look at it, you know,

593
00:34:47,120 --> 00:34:51,840
Speaker 1: around twenty or sorry, around twelve thousand BC, humans started

594
00:34:51,880 --> 00:34:55,960
Speaker 1: domesticating the crop. And this is where it steadily started

595
00:34:56,000 --> 00:34:58,840
Speaker 1: moving across the world. And let's talk about that for

596
00:34:58,840 --> 00:35:00,600
Speaker 1: a little bit. We've got like a app here in

597
00:35:00,640 --> 00:35:03,680
Speaker 1: front of us. Uh. Well, we'll try to translate to

598
00:35:03,719 --> 00:35:07,200
Speaker 1: you listener, uh that it's just fascinating how it kind

599
00:35:07,200 --> 00:35:09,920
Speaker 1: of made its way around the world. Right, So it's

600
00:35:09,960 --> 00:35:14,520
Speaker 1: best we can tell by two thousand BC, you had

601
00:35:14,880 --> 00:35:21,480
Speaker 1: cannabis in China, Japan, Korea, Persia, Eastern Europe, and India.

602
00:35:21,960 --> 00:35:28,480
Speaker 1: And then during the first millennium it spreads through northern Africa,

603
00:35:28,640 --> 00:35:32,360
Speaker 1: and in the following millennium travels north into western Europe,

604
00:35:32,400 --> 00:35:36,440
Speaker 1: south into Southern Africa, into Southeast Asia, and then in

605
00:35:36,480 --> 00:35:40,839
Speaker 1: the centuries to follow it follows the wave of colonialism

606
00:35:40,880 --> 00:35:43,759
Speaker 1: into the New World. So we're talking South America in

607
00:35:43,800 --> 00:35:48,200
Speaker 1: the eighteen hundreds and then the early twentieth century it's

608
00:35:48,239 --> 00:35:51,479
Speaker 1: making its way into North America and becoming firmly rooted there.

609
00:35:51,800 --> 00:35:53,880
Speaker 1: And you may be wondering, well, well, how do we

610
00:35:53,960 --> 00:35:58,439
Speaker 1: know this other than, like you know, a general historical record. Right, Well,

611
00:35:58,520 --> 00:36:00,400
Speaker 1: this is a fascinating thing that I about in a

612
00:36:00,440 --> 00:36:02,880
Speaker 1: Newsweek article. There's a guy out there. His name is

613
00:36:03,040 --> 00:36:07,040
Speaker 1: Maudli Holmes, and he operates a lab called the philos

614
00:36:07,080 --> 00:36:10,640
Speaker 1: Bioscience Lab, and the whole point of this lab is

615
00:36:10,680 --> 00:36:13,880
Speaker 1: to try to sequence the DNA of every kind of

616
00:36:13,920 --> 00:36:17,040
Speaker 1: cannabis in the world. And the goal is basically that

617
00:36:17,040 --> 00:36:20,400
Speaker 1: they're gonna sample all of it so that they can clarify,

618
00:36:20,719 --> 00:36:23,160
Speaker 1: you know what all these different types are in the

619
00:36:23,200 --> 00:36:28,560
Speaker 1: marijuana quote unquote market. And it's called cannabis genomics. So

620
00:36:28,560 --> 00:36:32,239
Speaker 1: we're talking about subspecies, we're talking about strains, all the

621
00:36:32,560 --> 00:36:37,880
Speaker 1: weird ways that cultivation is is tweaking the marijuana. Like

622
00:36:37,920 --> 00:36:40,279
Speaker 1: I've seen it pointed out before that if you look

623
00:36:40,320 --> 00:36:45,200
Speaker 1: at pictures of just basic cannabis crop from just fifty

624
00:36:45,280 --> 00:36:49,759
Speaker 1: years ago, it's it's often just unrecognizable compared to you

625
00:36:49,880 --> 00:36:54,800
Speaker 1: like your modern um uh centerfold cannabis in what is

626
00:36:54,840 --> 00:36:57,680
Speaker 1: the magazine high times, Like like it doesn't even look

627
00:36:57,719 --> 00:37:00,640
Speaker 1: like the same plant because we've just we've micro managed

628
00:37:00,640 --> 00:37:03,120
Speaker 1: its development so much. Yeah, And also like it's worth

629
00:37:03,120 --> 00:37:06,279
Speaker 1: considering too that like a lot any kind of like

630
00:37:06,400 --> 00:37:09,600
Speaker 1: botanical improvements that have been going on have been going

631
00:37:09,640 --> 00:37:12,279
Speaker 1: on behind closed doors for the most part, right, so

632
00:37:12,320 --> 00:37:15,400
Speaker 1: there hasn't been a whole lot of like, uh shared

633
00:37:15,440 --> 00:37:17,840
Speaker 1: information about this. And and this is kind of this

634
00:37:17,920 --> 00:37:20,600
Speaker 1: Mowgli homes goal. He's he's sort of like the Alexander

635
00:37:20,680 --> 00:37:25,520
Speaker 1: Shulgin of of marijuana, it seems, uh, and so um,

636
00:37:25,600 --> 00:37:29,160
Speaker 1: the only way that they can research this cannabis because

637
00:37:29,160 --> 00:37:31,560
Speaker 1: it's illegal on the federal level here in the United States.

638
00:37:31,680 --> 00:37:33,719
Speaker 1: Is to get approval from both the U s d

639
00:37:33,880 --> 00:37:38,160
Speaker 1: A and the f d A. But uh, there are

640
00:37:38,200 --> 00:37:42,800
Speaker 1: federally funded universities that are reluctant to even host anything

641
00:37:42,840 --> 00:37:44,200
Speaker 1: like this. And I remember I was talking about at

642
00:37:44,200 --> 00:37:46,560
Speaker 1: the beginning with academics who study this because of the

643
00:37:46,600 --> 00:37:48,799
Speaker 1: stigma attached to it. But Holmes and his team have

644
00:37:48,800 --> 00:37:52,160
Speaker 1: a way around this. They handle only the DNA of

645
00:37:52,160 --> 00:37:55,760
Speaker 1: the marijuana and not the marijuana itself. So he's collected

646
00:37:55,800 --> 00:38:03,560
Speaker 1: specimens of DNA from all over the world Colombia, Thailand, Mexico, Afghanistan, India, Uruguay, Namibia,

647
00:38:03,680 --> 00:38:08,040
Speaker 1: and South America. And this process is extremely time consuming

648
00:38:08,400 --> 00:38:11,440
Speaker 1: because they have to design a new method for DNA

649
00:38:11,520 --> 00:38:14,440
Speaker 1: extraction for every sample collected. It's not like there's the

650
00:38:14,480 --> 00:38:17,160
Speaker 1: same formula. They have to go in and basically build

651
00:38:17,160 --> 00:38:19,759
Speaker 1: it from scratch. So the goal is that they're gonna

652
00:38:19,920 --> 00:38:22,799
Speaker 1: complete this plan. They're gonna hand over all the data

653
00:38:22,840 --> 00:38:25,880
Speaker 1: they have to a group that's called the Open Cannabis Project.

654
00:38:25,920 --> 00:38:29,080
Speaker 1: This is a nonprofit that's building an archival record of

655
00:38:29,280 --> 00:38:33,080
Speaker 1: every strain for the sake of the public domain, and

656
00:38:33,120 --> 00:38:36,040
Speaker 1: the idea here is this will be better regardless of

657
00:38:36,040 --> 00:38:38,919
Speaker 1: whether it's legal or not, because, like I said, even

658
00:38:39,040 --> 00:38:42,680
Speaker 1: growers don't really know what they're growing out there. Much

659
00:38:42,680 --> 00:38:46,320
Speaker 1: of the marijuana that's consumed in the US today comes

660
00:38:46,320 --> 00:38:51,040
Speaker 1: from strains that were smuggled over here from Afghanistan and Thailand.

661
00:38:51,400 --> 00:38:54,479
Speaker 1: But we also know it was here long before that,

662
00:38:54,920 --> 00:38:57,600
Speaker 1: and we don't know why. So we want to know

663
00:38:57,640 --> 00:39:00,680
Speaker 1: where it originated. And even more, it can it tell

664
00:39:00,760 --> 00:39:05,399
Speaker 1: us about human migratory patterns too, indeed, because we see

665
00:39:05,400 --> 00:39:08,440
Speaker 1: time and time again where people go where if people

666
00:39:08,520 --> 00:39:11,200
Speaker 1: have cannabis in their culture, they bring it with them

667
00:39:11,239 --> 00:39:15,040
Speaker 1: when they travel. Yeah. Absolutely, and it quite literally takes

668
00:39:15,080 --> 00:39:17,359
Speaker 1: root wherever it goes. This is pretty much the entire

669
00:39:17,400 --> 00:39:22,080
Speaker 1: premise of Sleep's Dope Smoker album. So we already mentioned

670
00:39:22,280 --> 00:39:25,399
Speaker 1: the literary records going back to about twenty century PC,

671
00:39:25,640 --> 00:39:27,680
Speaker 1: and there'll be more on the specifics of that in

672
00:39:27,880 --> 00:39:31,800
Speaker 1: our next episode because it concerns the medicinal history of cannabis.

673
00:39:31,960 --> 00:39:35,000
Speaker 1: But as far as just the earliest known archaeological traces,

674
00:39:35,640 --> 00:39:38,680
Speaker 1: some of our earliest traces of cannabis, they relate not

675
00:39:38,800 --> 00:39:41,399
Speaker 1: to uh the drug, but rather just to the use

676
00:39:41,400 --> 00:39:43,880
Speaker 1: of hemp in fiber arts, which is important because it

677
00:39:43,880 --> 00:39:45,600
Speaker 1: shows that the plant was out there people were using

678
00:39:45,600 --> 00:39:48,839
Speaker 1: it to So we see ten thousand year old Taiwanese

679
00:39:48,840 --> 00:39:54,040
Speaker 1: pottery shards that reveal hemp rope imprints in the pottery. Additionally,

680
00:39:54,120 --> 00:39:57,040
Speaker 1: we see weaving design and hemp cloth imprints from on

681
00:39:57,120 --> 00:40:03,719
Speaker 1: pottery from around UH fifteen to thirty five thirty five

682
00:40:03,760 --> 00:40:08,360
Speaker 1: b C. Found in Bandpo villages. These are the the

683
00:40:08,360 --> 00:40:13,960
Speaker 1: earliest examples of Neolithic and possibly uh matriarchal Uh young

684
00:40:14,040 --> 00:40:17,680
Speaker 1: Shall culture uh And this is from the Schanzi province

685
00:40:17,760 --> 00:40:21,560
Speaker 1: in northwest China. So again just to go back, you know,

686
00:40:21,640 --> 00:40:24,319
Speaker 1: China was was one of the earliest regions that would

687
00:40:24,320 --> 00:40:27,960
Speaker 1: have had access to cannabis. Burned cannabis seeds have been

688
00:40:27,960 --> 00:40:33,200
Speaker 1: found in Kurgan burial grounds of the Pazak tribes in

689
00:40:33,280 --> 00:40:36,400
Speaker 1: Siberia dating back to around three thousand BC. And I

690
00:40:36,400 --> 00:40:40,000
Speaker 1: can only imagine, um, my, my Highlander history is little

691
00:40:40,040 --> 00:40:44,960
Speaker 1: foggy that I'm assuming that the Kurgan uh a, maybe

692
00:40:45,000 --> 00:40:50,759
Speaker 1: that's it. Yeah, yeah, probably very heavy marijuana user, the Kurgan. Yeah, yeah,

693
00:40:50,920 --> 00:40:52,920
Speaker 1: we had a lot of ty clancy brown. That's how

694
00:40:52,960 --> 00:40:55,600
Speaker 1: you get that like really nice smoky deep voice. That's

695
00:40:55,600 --> 00:41:00,440
Speaker 1: smoky groundtown Clancy brown. Uh. Let's the Additionally, we see

696
00:41:00,719 --> 00:41:06,720
Speaker 1: from two to nine b C Chinese Child Dynasty burial

697
00:41:06,760 --> 00:41:10,200
Speaker 1: sites that reveal hemp cloth fragments. In Egypt, we've seen

698
00:41:10,239 --> 00:41:12,960
Speaker 1: cannabis pollen and the tombs of h in the tomb

699
00:41:12,960 --> 00:41:16,000
Speaker 1: of Rams Ramesses the second and that's from around twelve

700
00:41:16,280 --> 00:41:20,440
Speaker 1: seventy nine to twelve thirteen BC, and several mummies UH

701
00:41:20,640 --> 00:41:23,839
Speaker 1: from that time period contained trace cannabinoids as well. You know,

702
00:41:23,920 --> 00:41:28,480
Speaker 1: based on our episode on preparing mummies in Egyptian burial

703
00:41:28,960 --> 00:41:31,799
Speaker 1: and knowing all of the different like spices and things

704
00:41:31,880 --> 00:41:35,120
Speaker 1: like that they stuffed inside the orifices of bodies, I

705
00:41:35,160 --> 00:41:40,360
Speaker 1: wonder if they were stuffing um cannabis in there as well.

706
00:41:40,880 --> 00:41:43,680
Speaker 1: Maybe so has like a potential, UH, I don't know,

707
00:41:43,719 --> 00:41:46,680
Speaker 1: like way of preserving the corpse. So then we get

708
00:41:46,680 --> 00:41:49,040
Speaker 1: to a thousand BC, and this is when hemp cloth

709
00:41:49,400 --> 00:41:52,520
Speaker 1: from a debris pile is found in modern day Turkey

710
00:41:53,040 --> 00:41:58,000
Speaker 1: near Anjara, Jordan's and fragments of paper containing hemp fiber

711
00:41:58,320 --> 00:42:01,160
Speaker 1: have been found in Chinese grays dating back to the

712
00:42:01,239 --> 00:42:04,319
Speaker 1: first century of BC. Now we're closing in on our

713
00:42:04,360 --> 00:42:07,600
Speaker 1: own present age here. But in two d BC Chulie

714
00:42:07,840 --> 00:42:11,759
Speaker 1: writes of hemp's use as a fiber in particular, there's

715
00:42:11,800 --> 00:42:16,279
Speaker 1: evidence of cannabis as a domesticated seed crop. So we

716
00:42:16,360 --> 00:42:19,839
Speaker 1: know that, you know, somewhere through those times it's it's domesticated,

717
00:42:19,880 --> 00:42:25,839
Speaker 1: it's become part of agriculture, and uh, it's being used medicinally. Yeah,

718
00:42:25,920 --> 00:42:27,919
Speaker 1: and as hemp too. Yeah. So it's easily it's easy

719
00:42:27,960 --> 00:42:29,719
Speaker 1: to to sort of put ourselves in the in the

720
00:42:29,760 --> 00:42:34,320
Speaker 1: mindset of of early individuals who like maybe they discovered

721
00:42:34,360 --> 00:42:36,560
Speaker 1: the the use of hemp first and then began to

722
00:42:36,560 --> 00:42:39,560
Speaker 1: discover this other property. Um, you know, maybe they sort

723
00:42:39,560 --> 00:42:44,120
Speaker 1: of discovered each independently, but pretty early on cannabis in

724
00:42:44,160 --> 00:42:46,520
Speaker 1: one form or another, it becomes an important crop and

725
00:42:46,560 --> 00:42:49,680
Speaker 1: a crop that that that knowledge of is passed from

726
00:42:49,680 --> 00:42:52,239
Speaker 1: generation to generation. Yeah. Now, and this is one of

727
00:42:52,239 --> 00:42:56,320
Speaker 1: those like I can only imagine, uh, like horrible pot

728
00:42:56,400 --> 00:43:00,279
Speaker 1: humor of like a bunch of stoners sitting around being

729
00:43:00,320 --> 00:43:03,759
Speaker 1: like man like who first figured this out? Like did

730
00:43:03,760 --> 00:43:06,920
Speaker 1: they just like smoke every plant they came across? Well,

731
00:43:07,200 --> 00:43:09,360
Speaker 1: you know, in a way, and we'll get to that

732
00:43:09,520 --> 00:43:12,480
Speaker 1: there's a there is a one myth concerning that. Um. Now,

733
00:43:12,800 --> 00:43:14,279
Speaker 1: a lot a lot of this we've talked about this

734
00:43:14,320 --> 00:43:17,400
Speaker 1: concerning about them, but what about the actual smoking of

735
00:43:17,480 --> 00:43:20,279
Speaker 1: the marijuana, the actual consumption of of the cannabis and

736
00:43:20,320 --> 00:43:24,120
Speaker 1: the THHC. Well, some of our earliest known evidence here

737
00:43:24,719 --> 00:43:29,399
Speaker 1: takes us back to thirteen twenty C. And here you'd

738
00:43:29,440 --> 00:43:33,480
Speaker 1: have to travel to the Libiala Caves of Ethiopia where

739
00:43:33,520 --> 00:43:38,879
Speaker 1: we find two ceramic pipe bowls containing traces of cannabis uh.

740
00:43:38,920 --> 00:43:42,400
Speaker 1: And then the Artharva Vada in two thousand to fourteen

741
00:43:42,520 --> 00:43:47,960
Speaker 1: hundred b C. References something called bang not bong uh,

742
00:43:48,040 --> 00:43:52,520
Speaker 1: a concoction of dried cannabis leaves, seeds, and stems. And

743
00:43:52,560 --> 00:43:56,560
Speaker 1: this is considered like mild Indian cannabis, about half the

744
00:43:56,600 --> 00:43:59,640
Speaker 1: strength of ganja. Yeah, and I know we're sort of

745
00:44:00,239 --> 00:44:02,719
Speaker 1: moving around in time a little bit here, but so

746
00:44:02,840 --> 00:44:05,960
Speaker 1: so sorry for this. Last you might get doctor who

747
00:44:07,000 --> 00:44:11,719
Speaker 1: tour of of marijuana. Yeah, you will also find m

748
00:44:11,920 --> 00:44:15,640
Speaker 1: cannabis use interwoven into tantric to traditions that have influenced

749
00:44:15,680 --> 00:44:19,600
Speaker 1: both Hinduism and Buddhism. And uh, I mean, really, we

750
00:44:19,600 --> 00:44:21,560
Speaker 1: could just go on and on. You can't even begin

751
00:44:21,640 --> 00:44:26,520
Speaker 1: to look at cannabisiness role in every culture and age um.

752
00:44:26,560 --> 00:44:28,640
Speaker 1: But you know, we thought to be interesting to discuss

753
00:44:28,920 --> 00:44:33,960
Speaker 1: a few key examples that are they're either interesting or

754
00:44:34,080 --> 00:44:37,880
Speaker 1: have some sort of importance later on in our discussions.

755
00:44:37,920 --> 00:44:40,480
Speaker 1: So one that probably comes to a lot of people's

756
00:44:40,520 --> 00:44:45,439
Speaker 1: minds is that of the Assassins. I'm I'm not sure

757
00:44:45,440 --> 00:44:47,319
Speaker 1: how how familiar people are with this. I feel like

758
00:44:47,320 --> 00:44:49,920
Speaker 1: the Assassin's Creeds getting Creed games get into this a

759
00:44:49,920 --> 00:44:53,320
Speaker 1: little bit. So maybe I've only I've played like half

760
00:44:53,320 --> 00:44:56,040
Speaker 1: of those, but I don't remember there being anything particularly

761
00:44:56,080 --> 00:44:58,680
Speaker 1: connected to this. But I haven't played the first one.

762
00:44:59,040 --> 00:45:01,520
Speaker 1: And that's the like if if my memory is correct

763
00:45:01,560 --> 00:45:06,200
Speaker 1: about those games, that they're uh chronological in order, yeah,

764
00:45:06,200 --> 00:45:10,880
Speaker 1: and they have time travel and they do so. Just

765
00:45:10,960 --> 00:45:14,880
Speaker 1: to clarify, hashish comes from the Arabic for dry herb,

766
00:45:15,360 --> 00:45:18,640
Speaker 1: and it consists of purified cannabis resin and is considerably

767
00:45:18,880 --> 00:45:21,440
Speaker 1: more potent. And then this would have spread through the

768
00:45:21,480 --> 00:45:25,720
Speaker 1: Arab world from seven to the thirteenth centuries due to trade,

769
00:45:25,840 --> 00:45:29,160
Speaker 1: travel and war, which are generally the things that move cannabis.

770
00:45:29,160 --> 00:45:33,800
Speaker 1: Sure historically, and here's the thing that it was around

771
00:45:34,719 --> 00:45:38,480
Speaker 1: not necessarily accepted. It's often considered an intoxicant in Islamic

772
00:45:38,480 --> 00:45:42,560
Speaker 1: communities and is therefore prohibited, though some Sufi holy men

773
00:45:42,600 --> 00:45:46,560
Speaker 1: have allegedly used it in their rights as well, so

774
00:45:46,600 --> 00:45:50,719
Speaker 1: that much is more or less accepted. As for the

775
00:45:50,840 --> 00:45:54,560
Speaker 1: idea that the assassins that there are these dreaded um

776
00:45:54,960 --> 00:45:59,080
Speaker 1: uh Ashishin warriors that would have imbued and hashish prior

777
00:45:59,120 --> 00:46:02,360
Speaker 1: to their attack on Western crusaders during the Holy Wars,

778
00:46:02,920 --> 00:46:08,640
Speaker 1: well that is that that remains either unclear or complete fabrication.

779
00:46:08,719 --> 00:46:12,719
Speaker 1: There's there's nothing really to back up that idea. The

780
00:46:12,760 --> 00:46:16,799
Speaker 1: Crusaders were the ones circulating these tales, and it's a

781
00:46:16,880 --> 00:46:20,920
Speaker 1: huge possibility that these tales were just about downplaying um

782
00:46:21,239 --> 00:46:24,560
Speaker 1: Muslim bravery and saying, oh, well, sure they beat us,

783
00:46:24,560 --> 00:46:27,759
Speaker 1: but that was because they're they're they're crazy. They took

784
00:46:27,800 --> 00:46:30,759
Speaker 1: some drug that gave them essentially superpowers and made them

785
00:46:30,760 --> 00:46:33,480
Speaker 1: into mad men and came at us. So all right,

786
00:46:33,520 --> 00:46:35,920
Speaker 1: I'm gonna show my ignorance here because this is one

787
00:46:35,920 --> 00:46:38,200
Speaker 1: of the sections that I researched. Is this connected to

788
00:46:38,239 --> 00:46:41,399
Speaker 1: the whole legend of Hassana Saba. This is the old,

789
00:46:41,480 --> 00:46:44,839
Speaker 1: old man in the Mountain, Yes, very much. Yeah, so

790
00:46:44,840 --> 00:46:50,200
Speaker 1: so the these were a real group, Yeah, they they existed.

791
00:46:50,239 --> 00:46:53,239
Speaker 1: The idea that they smoked hashish some sort of like

792
00:46:53,239 --> 00:46:57,759
Speaker 1: a pre attack ritual, there's little or nothing to back

793
00:46:57,840 --> 00:47:02,360
Speaker 1: that up. Very different from our episode on wolf Spain,

794
00:47:02,520 --> 00:47:04,879
Speaker 1: in which we did find that there was some kind

795
00:47:04,920 --> 00:47:07,200
Speaker 1: of a connection between was it what was it Vikings

796
00:47:07,640 --> 00:47:10,319
Speaker 1: or not Vikings in particular, but a particular kind of

797
00:47:10,360 --> 00:47:14,800
Speaker 1: like a Northern European warrior what sort of like smear

798
00:47:15,719 --> 00:47:17,279
Speaker 1: Wolf Spain on their lips so that they had like

799
00:47:17,360 --> 00:47:19,800
Speaker 1: foam at the mouth. Yeah, it's I mean, it's interesting

800
00:47:19,840 --> 00:47:22,080
Speaker 1: because on one hand, you can imagine that being the case.

801
00:47:22,120 --> 00:47:25,200
Speaker 1: We know that there are various properties, uh in various

802
00:47:25,200 --> 00:47:28,960
Speaker 1: substances that would be advantageous prior to rushing into battle.

803
00:47:29,320 --> 00:47:33,440
Speaker 1: But it does it also allows the loser to explain

804
00:47:33,480 --> 00:47:35,279
Speaker 1: away their losses like, oh, yeah, they beat us, but

805
00:47:35,320 --> 00:47:40,800
Speaker 1: they were totally doping. Yeah, exactly. It's the early finger

806
00:47:40,840 --> 00:47:43,799
Speaker 1: pointing of stero ideas. And it's also interesting because we

807
00:47:43,880 --> 00:47:47,400
Speaker 1: see marijuana's use in the demonization of another culture or

808
00:47:47,840 --> 00:47:50,800
Speaker 1: or racial group and the idea that it turns people

809
00:47:50,840 --> 00:47:54,439
Speaker 1: into into monsters of some sort and all this comes

810
00:47:54,520 --> 00:47:58,719
Speaker 1: up again when we start looking at twentieth century America.

811
00:47:59,000 --> 00:48:02,319
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, oh yeah, totally. Another cultural entity that has

812
00:48:02,600 --> 00:48:06,440
Speaker 1: that has become pretty synonymous with marijuana uses that of

813
00:48:07,520 --> 00:48:13,080
Speaker 1: the Rastafari movement. Uh. Certainly, you know, you know Jamaican music,

814
00:48:13,560 --> 00:48:18,080
Speaker 1: um be it, you know, dub reggae, they're huge, huge

815
00:48:18,080 --> 00:48:21,759
Speaker 1: influence of of cannabis. Yeah, those artful and I think

816
00:48:21,800 --> 00:48:25,880
Speaker 1: like through most of like present day Western pop culture

817
00:48:25,960 --> 00:48:30,560
Speaker 1: that is like a stereotype. Yeah yeah, but but certainly

818
00:48:30,880 --> 00:48:34,080
Speaker 1: the Rasta far Rastafari movement is real. It's a Jamaican

819
00:48:34,880 --> 00:48:38,359
Speaker 1: abramatic faith that rose in the nineteen thirties following the

820
00:48:38,400 --> 00:48:42,040
Speaker 1: coronation of highly Selassie, the first is Emperor of Ethiopia,

821
00:48:42,120 --> 00:48:45,319
Speaker 1: and they thrived to this day. They recognized Selassie as

822
00:48:45,360 --> 00:48:48,240
Speaker 1: the Messiah, and they regard cannabis as a spiritual act

823
00:48:48,560 --> 00:48:51,400
Speaker 1: and a metaphor for the burning bush of the Old

824
00:48:51,800 --> 00:48:55,319
Speaker 1: Old Testament. Uh. And by the way, cannabis would have

825
00:48:55,320 --> 00:48:59,600
Speaker 1: spread to the Caribbean during the nineteenth century via Indian

826
00:48:59,680 --> 00:49:03,359
Speaker 1: labor or is brought in by the British. Um. So,

827
00:49:03,480 --> 00:49:07,800
Speaker 1: but this is an interesting modern example where we see

828
00:49:08,280 --> 00:49:10,799
Speaker 1: cannabis as as a part of a religion, as a

829
00:49:10,800 --> 00:49:13,560
Speaker 1: religious right. Here in the States, you have you also

830
00:49:13,600 --> 00:49:18,960
Speaker 1: have various movements of I think varying levels of seriousness,

831
00:49:18,960 --> 00:49:23,200
Speaker 1: such as the Christian THHC Ministry, the Cannabis Assembly, the

832
00:49:23,360 --> 00:49:27,920
Speaker 1: Church of Cognitive Therapy, of course, Temple for twenty. The

833
00:49:27,960 --> 00:49:31,320
Speaker 1: list goes goes on and on. But but throughout human

834
00:49:31,360 --> 00:49:35,719
Speaker 1: history you do see cannabis playing a role to varying degrees.

835
00:49:36,239 --> 00:49:39,960
Speaker 1: You know, maybe not as extreme as rastafari, but you

836
00:49:40,040 --> 00:49:42,840
Speaker 1: see it playing varying degrees in religious right. Yeah, that

837
00:49:42,960 --> 00:49:48,319
Speaker 1: certainly makes sense given it's a biochemical properties. Uh. And

838
00:49:48,400 --> 00:49:51,399
Speaker 1: this thoroughly connects right back to two of our more

839
00:49:51,440 --> 00:49:55,000
Speaker 1: recent episodes, the Cargo Cults episode and the hyper Real

840
00:49:55,080 --> 00:49:57,919
Speaker 1: Religions episode. Oh yeah, yeah, totally. And again we could

841
00:49:57,960 --> 00:50:00,319
Speaker 1: we could spend a whole series of So I was

842
00:50:00,360 --> 00:50:03,359
Speaker 1: just going through all the various different cultural examples. Now

843
00:50:03,400 --> 00:50:06,280
Speaker 1: when we get to the United States in our modern times,

844
00:50:06,520 --> 00:50:11,640
Speaker 1: well we pretty much have to mention Reefer madness because, uh,

845
00:50:11,680 --> 00:50:13,680
Speaker 1: this was if you were not familiar with this, this

846
00:50:13,760 --> 00:50:15,759
Speaker 1: was this came out the nineteen thirties, and it was

847
00:50:15,760 --> 00:50:20,240
Speaker 1: an exploitation propaganda film about how marijuana turns young people

848
00:50:20,239 --> 00:50:27,040
Speaker 1: into just raving maniacs, like joker faced maniacal crazy people

849
00:50:27,239 --> 00:50:31,439
Speaker 1: or just like complete you know, gut or crawling junkies. Yeah,

850
00:50:31,440 --> 00:50:35,160
Speaker 1: and it's funny. I mean like the thirties, twenty years

851
00:50:35,200 --> 00:50:37,560
Speaker 1: before the nineteen fifties, when the same thing was going

852
00:50:37,560 --> 00:50:41,279
Speaker 1: on with comic books. Right. It's a real tradition in

853
00:50:41,320 --> 00:50:45,239
Speaker 1: the last century of American life of finding a thing

854
00:50:45,440 --> 00:50:50,680
Speaker 1: and blaming it for juvenile uh, delinquents or hyperactivity or

855
00:50:50,760 --> 00:50:53,719
Speaker 1: just behaviors that we don't find that fits to the

856
00:50:53,760 --> 00:50:58,200
Speaker 1: conformity of quote traditional America right. Right, and and in

857
00:50:58,200 --> 00:51:01,759
Speaker 1: this case too, helping to bring about oral panic surrounding

858
00:51:01,760 --> 00:51:04,040
Speaker 1: the thing, which of course ties back into our episode

859
00:51:04,080 --> 00:51:09,320
Speaker 1: on satanic panic. But essentially, you had US laws against

860
00:51:09,360 --> 00:51:12,320
Speaker 1: marijuana and other drugs drugs popping up in the nineteen twenties.

861
00:51:12,800 --> 00:51:15,880
Speaker 1: Uh though marijuana laws at the time they didn't differentiate

862
00:51:15,920 --> 00:51:19,319
Speaker 1: between himp and psychoactive cannabis. And this is apparently doing

863
00:51:19,320 --> 00:51:21,880
Speaker 1: a large part to the influence of the cotton industry

864
00:51:22,040 --> 00:51:25,640
Speaker 1: because they didn't want them industry to come in and

865
00:51:25,680 --> 00:51:28,839
Speaker 1: take away their business because it's like significantly cheaper isn't it. Yeah,

866
00:51:28,880 --> 00:51:32,360
Speaker 1: that's my understanding of And then uh so, so you

867
00:51:32,400 --> 00:51:35,880
Speaker 1: have the Federal Bureau of Narcott and Narcotics under Harry J.

868
00:51:36,640 --> 00:51:41,000
Speaker 1: And Slinger, and he waged war on marijuana just throughout

869
00:51:41,040 --> 00:51:44,120
Speaker 1: the thirties. He rejected clinical analysis that even at the time,

870
00:51:44,160 --> 00:51:48,120
Speaker 1: concluded that marijuana did not induce violent behavior or lead

871
00:51:48,160 --> 00:51:51,239
Speaker 1: to the use of more heavily addictive drugs. Instead, he

872
00:51:51,280 --> 00:51:54,799
Speaker 1: waged this campaign of yellow journalism and propaganda tied in

873
00:51:54,880 --> 00:51:58,280
Speaker 1: the evils of jazz. So you're, of course you're getting

874
00:51:58,520 --> 00:52:01,879
Speaker 1: you know, some raised racist tendencies right where we got

875
00:52:01,880 --> 00:52:06,120
Speaker 1: the jazz cigarette. The jazz cigarette also tied it into

876
00:52:06,239 --> 00:52:09,840
Speaker 1: imperial Japan and communism as well. So again this idea

877
00:52:09,880 --> 00:52:14,279
Speaker 1: of that, um, this heavy tone of this marijuana is

878
00:52:14,320 --> 00:52:17,799
Speaker 1: tied to this ethnic threat to the white female. Uh

879
00:52:18,239 --> 00:52:20,600
Speaker 1: because you see that in some of the posters at

880
00:52:20,600 --> 00:52:24,400
Speaker 1: the time. You see like the marijuana brandishing individual is

881
00:52:24,480 --> 00:52:28,399
Speaker 1: kind of a darker, demonic figure, and of course he's

882
00:52:28,440 --> 00:52:33,319
Speaker 1: preying on the the the the Caucasian woman. Um So

883
00:52:33,400 --> 00:52:35,560
Speaker 1: it's it's really like, it's really icky the more and

884
00:52:35,600 --> 00:52:37,840
Speaker 1: more you look at Yeah, I mean, like refor madness

885
00:52:37,880 --> 00:52:40,080
Speaker 1: is one of those things that like a lot of people,

886
00:52:40,160 --> 00:52:42,080
Speaker 1: especially of our generation, like kind of look at and

887
00:52:42,080 --> 00:52:44,719
Speaker 1: they're like, oh, isn't that ironic? Funny ha ha, But

888
00:52:44,800 --> 00:52:50,520
Speaker 1: like it's just another example of humanity just like pointing

889
00:52:50,560 --> 00:52:52,960
Speaker 1: its fingers at the wrong things, you know, and not

890
00:52:53,120 --> 00:52:55,279
Speaker 1: really kind of like taking a decent step back and

891
00:52:55,320 --> 00:52:58,160
Speaker 1: looking at like what the actual situation is. Right, And

892
00:52:58,160 --> 00:53:01,480
Speaker 1: even though today we can we can hotch reefer madness

893
00:53:01,480 --> 00:53:04,320
Speaker 1: and laugh at it. It might even be on Netflix

894
00:53:04,400 --> 00:53:06,520
Speaker 1: or something like that. Yeah, periodically, I think it's in

895
00:53:06,640 --> 00:53:08,480
Speaker 1: it may be in the public domain. I know there's

896
00:53:08,480 --> 00:53:10,759
Speaker 1: a riff track on it, and and it is just

897
00:53:11,000 --> 00:53:13,759
Speaker 1: goofy and and and awful. But we're still to a

898
00:53:13,840 --> 00:53:16,239
Speaker 1: large extent living in its shadow, right, I mean that

899
00:53:16,239 --> 00:53:21,960
Speaker 1: that era of of cannabis, aversion of moral panics right

900
00:53:22,280 --> 00:53:26,360
Speaker 1: surrounding cannabis, like that never truly completely went away. I

901
00:53:26,400 --> 00:53:28,880
Speaker 1: mean it's certainly that we had cultural shifts we had

902
00:53:28,920 --> 00:53:31,879
Speaker 1: the nineteen sixties and in the post nineteen sixties. Um.

903
00:53:31,960 --> 00:53:33,600
Speaker 1: And we've touched on this before in a M d

904
00:53:33,719 --> 00:53:36,200
Speaker 1: m A episodes just about like the difficulty of coming

905
00:53:36,200 --> 00:53:39,879
Speaker 1: back from that even with just clinical research. Yeah, right,

906
00:53:39,920 --> 00:53:42,279
Speaker 1: exactly and that we'll talk about that more in the

907
00:53:42,320 --> 00:53:45,800
Speaker 1: next episode, the sequel to this about medicinal applications. But

908
00:53:46,000 --> 00:53:50,480
Speaker 1: it's like tremendously difficult to do studies on this stuff

909
00:53:51,280 --> 00:53:54,400
Speaker 1: because of the results of this sort of movement that

910
00:53:54,520 --> 00:53:58,759
Speaker 1: Robert's describing. So where this interesting point in history, right,

911
00:53:58,800 --> 00:54:02,759
Speaker 1: We've seen a great deal of post drug war decriminalization

912
00:54:03,200 --> 00:54:08,839
Speaker 1: overall and overall cultural acceptance outside of the US. Spain, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland,

913
00:54:08,840 --> 00:54:13,560
Speaker 1: the Netherlands, and Belgium of all decriminalized marijuana possession to

914
00:54:13,640 --> 00:54:16,399
Speaker 1: varying degrees, and it's also quite villa, but it's also

915
00:54:16,480 --> 00:54:22,320
Speaker 1: quite vilified and outlawed in such places as the United Ara, Memirates, Indonesia, Malaysia,

916
00:54:22,440 --> 00:54:25,080
Speaker 1: the Philippines, and Japan. I can tell you having lived

917
00:54:25,080 --> 00:54:29,600
Speaker 1: in Singapore as a could, it is not very welcome there. Uh. Yeah.

918
00:54:29,719 --> 00:54:34,120
Speaker 1: And um, it's interesting because I just recently took a

919
00:54:34,120 --> 00:54:39,120
Speaker 1: trip to Portland, Oregon, uh, and the medical dispensaries are

920
00:54:39,160 --> 00:54:41,799
Speaker 1: all over the place there now, uh. And it was

921
00:54:41,920 --> 00:54:44,359
Speaker 1: so it was such a like culture shock thing, like, oh,

922
00:54:44,400 --> 00:54:47,600
Speaker 1: I'm in America, but this is a very different America

923
00:54:48,120 --> 00:54:51,840
Speaker 1: than Georgia, where I can't imagine the medical dispensaries happening

924
00:54:51,840 --> 00:54:54,520
Speaker 1: anytime soon, but like, yeah, it was like Duncan Donuts,

925
00:54:54,560 --> 00:54:56,960
Speaker 1: Like on every block there was a little shop with

926
00:54:57,239 --> 00:54:59,480
Speaker 1: and they're very professional looking. They didn't look like head

927
00:54:59,520 --> 00:55:02,640
Speaker 1: shops or anything. They had like nice nice signs of

928
00:55:02,680 --> 00:55:06,840
Speaker 1: a little green uh plus symbol to to signify what

929
00:55:06,920 --> 00:55:10,760
Speaker 1: it was for. It was everywhere. Yeah, So it's interesting

930
00:55:10,800 --> 00:55:12,920
Speaker 1: to just try and figure out where we are in

931
00:55:12,960 --> 00:55:17,279
Speaker 1: the overall continuing history of marijuana, Like is this is

932
00:55:17,280 --> 00:55:20,439
Speaker 1: this the peak? Like is everything about to go uh

933
00:55:20,560 --> 00:55:23,000
Speaker 1: in an entirely different direction? Is it? Can? Can? Can

934
00:55:22,840 --> 00:55:27,279
Speaker 1: you continue to change towards acceptance and research? I think

935
00:55:27,320 --> 00:55:29,960
Speaker 1: our generation Maybe it's just the people that I spend

936
00:55:29,960 --> 00:55:33,160
Speaker 1: time with, but I really feel like our generation isn't

937
00:55:33,200 --> 00:55:37,960
Speaker 1: as easily fooled by the whole reform madness rhetoric, right,

938
00:55:38,320 --> 00:55:40,800
Speaker 1: Like we think about it a little bit more maturely

939
00:55:40,880 --> 00:55:47,160
Speaker 1: than that and realize like the actual benefits and adversities

940
00:55:47,360 --> 00:55:51,200
Speaker 1: of cannabis on the brain at least, I like to think, so, um, yeah,

941
00:55:51,280 --> 00:55:54,279
Speaker 1: so hopefully that like the current generation and then even

942
00:55:54,320 --> 00:55:56,919
Speaker 1: the most the most recent generations to sort of reach

943
00:55:57,040 --> 00:56:01,880
Speaker 1: that acceptable semi acceptable if you want to look at it, uh,

944
00:56:01,960 --> 00:56:06,160
Speaker 1: you know, drug experimentation age, Like hopefully they are injuring

945
00:56:06,160 --> 00:56:09,120
Speaker 1: into it with a lot more balanced information and not

946
00:56:09,239 --> 00:56:12,880
Speaker 1: just like fearmongering on one side and uh and you

947
00:56:12,880 --> 00:56:15,719
Speaker 1: know hippie mumbo jumbo on the other. But but but

948
00:56:15,800 --> 00:56:20,040
Speaker 1: a middle path that incorporates some level headed decision make yeah, totally.

949
00:56:20,520 --> 00:56:22,120
Speaker 1: Like I said, like, I would love to see us

950
00:56:22,160 --> 00:56:25,359
Speaker 1: go back to some kind of like shamanistic cultural thing

951
00:56:25,440 --> 00:56:28,680
Speaker 1: where you know, we celebrate that when you've reached the

952
00:56:28,680 --> 00:56:32,600
Speaker 1: age that it will no longer deform your brain. So

953
00:56:32,640 --> 00:56:36,279
Speaker 1: on that note, I think we should pause, uh, sign

954
00:56:36,360 --> 00:56:39,160
Speaker 1: out for today, and then you can rejoin us in

955
00:56:39,200 --> 00:56:42,239
Speaker 1: the next episode, which will publish on Thursday, where we

956
00:56:42,280 --> 00:56:45,680
Speaker 1: will talk about medicinal marijuana and all the different things

957
00:56:45,760 --> 00:56:48,319
Speaker 1: that can be used it can be used for its

958
00:56:48,360 --> 00:56:51,080
Speaker 1: associated with right And if there was something that we

959
00:56:51,280 --> 00:56:53,440
Speaker 1: just briefly touched on in this episode, or that we

960
00:56:53,520 --> 00:56:56,120
Speaker 1: briefly touch on in the next episode, and you think yourself, hey,

961
00:56:56,160 --> 00:56:59,120
Speaker 1: I'd like to hear more on that, let us know,

962
00:56:59,280 --> 00:57:03,080
Speaker 1: because there's there's so many areas in these two episodes

963
00:57:03,080 --> 00:57:04,840
Speaker 1: that we could really blow it out and do an

964
00:57:04,880 --> 00:57:08,440
Speaker 1: additional episode or two related to the content. Yeah, and

965
00:57:08,480 --> 00:57:10,640
Speaker 1: in addition to you know, we've been talking, like I

966
00:57:10,680 --> 00:57:12,759
Speaker 1: said at the top of the episode about doing like

967
00:57:12,800 --> 00:57:15,520
Speaker 1: a sort of ongoing series of these where you know,

968
00:57:15,560 --> 00:57:18,000
Speaker 1: not like every week, but every you know, a couple

969
00:57:18,040 --> 00:57:21,080
Speaker 1: of months will explore a different drug. And you know,

970
00:57:21,160 --> 00:57:23,560
Speaker 1: like we've thrown around the idea of doing one on ayahuasca.

971
00:57:23,760 --> 00:57:26,560
Speaker 1: I think Joe is interested in as a d M

972
00:57:26,600 --> 00:57:29,480
Speaker 1: t um So, you know, let us know if there's

973
00:57:29,480 --> 00:57:32,840
Speaker 1: a particular thing out there that you want us to cover, uh,

974
00:57:32,960 --> 00:57:35,200
Speaker 1: you know, let us know. Uh, and and we'll try to,

975
00:57:35,360 --> 00:57:38,960
Speaker 1: you know, basically take the same framework and apply it there. Indeed.

976
00:57:39,000 --> 00:57:40,440
Speaker 1: And hey, in the meantime, if you want to check

977
00:57:40,440 --> 00:57:42,640
Speaker 1: out past episodes, including that two part are in M

978
00:57:42,680 --> 00:57:44,760
Speaker 1: d M A, head on over to stuff to Blow

979
00:57:44,800 --> 00:57:46,960
Speaker 1: your Mind dot com. That is our mothership. That's where

980
00:57:46,960 --> 00:57:50,160
Speaker 1: you'll find all the podcast episodes. You'll find videos, you'll

981
00:57:50,160 --> 00:57:52,600
Speaker 1: find blog posts. You'll find links out to our social

982
00:57:52,640 --> 00:57:56,000
Speaker 1: media accounts such as what Facebook and Twitter we're blow

983
00:57:56,080 --> 00:57:58,040
Speaker 1: the Mind on both of those were also on Tumbler,

984
00:57:58,160 --> 00:58:00,680
Speaker 1: and hey, we're also on Instagram, right we are. Indeed,

985
00:58:00,720 --> 00:58:03,640
Speaker 1: I just spent all day yesterday posting pictures from the

986
00:58:03,720 --> 00:58:07,240
Speaker 1: various alien movies because it was Alien Day. We had

987
00:58:07,280 --> 00:58:10,000
Speaker 1: a blast on Alien Day on social media. We're on

988
00:58:10,040 --> 00:58:12,080
Speaker 1: all of those, but if you want to write us directly,

989
00:58:12,520 --> 00:58:15,200
Speaker 1: hit us up that blow the mind at how stuff

990
00:58:15,200 --> 00:58:27,440
Speaker 1: works dot com for more on this and thousands of

991
00:58:27,440 --> 00:58:37,560
Speaker 1: other topics. Is that how stuff works dot com. SA