1 00:00:01,040 --> 00:00:04,520 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know from house Stuff Works 2 00:00:04,519 --> 00:00:13,080 Speaker 1: dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh 3 00:00:13,119 --> 00:00:16,840 Speaker 1: Clark with Charles W. Chuck Bryant. Jerry's doing funny voices 4 00:00:16,880 --> 00:00:20,639 Speaker 1: all of a sudden. Yes, She's like, we're eight years 5 00:00:20,640 --> 00:00:24,040 Speaker 1: into this gig. I'm gonna start doing impressions. I know. 6 00:00:25,160 --> 00:00:27,080 Speaker 1: I don't know if it's an impression, it's more just 7 00:00:27,160 --> 00:00:30,240 Speaker 1: a silly, silly, dumb voice. Maybe she's taking on a 8 00:00:30,280 --> 00:00:33,239 Speaker 1: stand up class or improv class. Are you taking an 9 00:00:33,240 --> 00:00:39,560 Speaker 1: improv class? Jerry? Yes, she keeps going and she says 10 00:00:39,600 --> 00:00:41,920 Speaker 1: it's not a comedy improv class, so it's a business 11 00:00:41,960 --> 00:00:44,839 Speaker 1: improv class, just to make her sharper in meanings, you know, 12 00:00:45,120 --> 00:00:49,480 Speaker 1: and they have gotten much more enjoyable and shorter. Yeah. 13 00:00:49,640 --> 00:00:53,480 Speaker 1: Her power point presentations are like one third jokes now. Yeah, 14 00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:57,080 Speaker 1: but our equipment rental has gone up purchases because she 15 00:00:57,200 --> 00:00:59,600 Speaker 1: drops the mic a little too hard. Yeah, just keep 16 00:00:59,600 --> 00:01:04,319 Speaker 1: her place in those mics. Yeah. So, Chuck, everybody knows 17 00:01:04,319 --> 00:01:08,480 Speaker 1: about the pyramids, great Pyramids at Giza. Turns out there's 18 00:01:08,480 --> 00:01:14,479 Speaker 1: pyramids all over the world, and there's a a distinct 19 00:01:14,600 --> 00:01:18,760 Speaker 1: thread on the Internet that suggests that all these pyramids 20 00:01:18,760 --> 00:01:25,880 Speaker 1: are connected in Mesoamerica, China, Egypt, Memphis, Greece, Memphis in Egypt, 21 00:01:26,880 --> 00:01:30,959 Speaker 1: not Memphis, Tennessee. Is there, Well, it's one of these 22 00:01:31,000 --> 00:01:35,839 Speaker 1: new pyramids, a neo pyramid. It's a basketball Colisseum, okay, 23 00:01:36,600 --> 00:01:39,160 Speaker 1: oh yeah, yeah, the pyramid. Sure? What is that a 24 00:01:39,280 --> 00:01:44,440 Speaker 1: mud island or something? Is that a different island in Memphis. Well? 25 00:01:44,480 --> 00:01:48,800 Speaker 1: The the idea is that all of these cultures, ancient cultures, 26 00:01:48,840 --> 00:01:52,720 Speaker 1: were visited by the same aliens that said, built some pyramids, 27 00:01:53,320 --> 00:01:56,080 Speaker 1: here's how to do it, we'll help you out. And um, 28 00:01:56,720 --> 00:02:01,640 Speaker 1: that's just almost certainly not sure. Yeah, I feel safe 29 00:02:01,640 --> 00:02:03,520 Speaker 1: in saying, as much as I like to believe in 30 00:02:03,520 --> 00:02:06,960 Speaker 1: cookie things, I don't believe that the aliens built the pyramids. 31 00:02:07,120 --> 00:02:09,240 Speaker 1: I don't believe that either. And one there's a couple 32 00:02:09,280 --> 00:02:13,440 Speaker 1: of good arguments against it. For for one, it really 33 00:02:13,639 --> 00:02:19,640 Speaker 1: diminishes the incredible skill of the ancient engineers who came 34 00:02:19,720 --> 00:02:22,239 Speaker 1: up with us and the workers who constructed them. It's 35 00:02:22,280 --> 00:02:26,120 Speaker 1: like the architecture the Yeah, surely they would need some 36 00:02:26,200 --> 00:02:28,720 Speaker 1: advanced alien civilization to come down and tell these dumb 37 00:02:28,760 --> 00:02:32,040 Speaker 1: dumbs what to do. And then another point that I 38 00:02:32,120 --> 00:02:34,520 Speaker 1: ran across That kind of explains against that is that 39 00:02:35,720 --> 00:02:39,560 Speaker 1: if you I think it was unlike rational wiki or 40 00:02:39,600 --> 00:02:41,240 Speaker 1: something like that, they basically said, go out in your 41 00:02:41,240 --> 00:02:43,720 Speaker 1: garden and try to build a waste high mound of dirt. 42 00:02:44,720 --> 00:02:47,680 Speaker 1: He said, you're going to just naturally after even one 43 00:02:47,760 --> 00:02:51,440 Speaker 1: or two attempts, start forming a pyramid of mound shape, 44 00:02:51,680 --> 00:02:55,600 Speaker 1: and their whole jam. The whole idea is that pyramids 45 00:02:56,040 --> 00:03:02,800 Speaker 1: evolved independently just from trying to build a massive earthen structure. Yeah, 46 00:03:03,800 --> 00:03:06,520 Speaker 1: and there you go. That's where pyramids evolved separately around 47 00:03:06,520 --> 00:03:08,880 Speaker 1: the world. I was laughing because as soon as you 48 00:03:08,919 --> 00:03:11,200 Speaker 1: said that, for some reason, I pictured you in your backyard, 49 00:03:11,440 --> 00:03:14,280 Speaker 1: like covered in dirt, just screaming like you it's not 50 00:03:14,360 --> 00:03:17,800 Speaker 1: going well, call somebody check the wrong besought the list 51 00:03:18,120 --> 00:03:20,560 Speaker 1: doesn't hold up, and you mean he's like on her 52 00:03:20,560 --> 00:03:25,359 Speaker 1: phone like what you Okay, you're cute, keep it up. 53 00:03:25,560 --> 00:03:30,200 Speaker 1: Uh So a pyramid um who wrote this one? Is 54 00:03:30,280 --> 00:03:34,160 Speaker 1: this some Craig Freud and Rich PhD? Yeah, he's written 55 00:03:34,160 --> 00:03:36,840 Speaker 1: some good ones for us. I've learned to not second 56 00:03:36,840 --> 00:03:40,360 Speaker 1: guess his articles. You know, Yeah, No, he's he's good. 57 00:03:40,560 --> 00:03:42,560 Speaker 1: And you throw a PhD at the end of your name, right, 58 00:03:42,800 --> 00:03:45,720 Speaker 1: you're not allowed to second guess that. After that, how 59 00:03:45,800 --> 00:03:49,560 Speaker 1: might just start doing that? Nobody checks, you know, call 60 00:03:49,640 --> 00:03:54,840 Speaker 1: me doctor Chuck Charles Bryant, PhD. Yeah, um, alright. A 61 00:03:54,920 --> 00:03:58,280 Speaker 1: pyramid is a geometrical solid with a square basse, not 62 00:03:58,360 --> 00:04:01,760 Speaker 1: necessarily and for equal our old triangular sides, the most 63 00:04:01,760 --> 00:04:04,960 Speaker 1: structurally stable shape for projects involving large amounts of stone 64 00:04:05,000 --> 00:04:08,360 Speaker 1: or masonry. Exactly, it's a very very stable shape. Yeah. 65 00:04:08,360 --> 00:04:10,440 Speaker 1: And one thing I read that said why did the 66 00:04:10,480 --> 00:04:15,080 Speaker 1: Egyptians build pyramids? The very easy answer is is because 67 00:04:15,120 --> 00:04:18,240 Speaker 1: that's what they knew how to build. Yeah, Well, they 68 00:04:18,279 --> 00:04:19,839 Speaker 1: were good at it, and if they would have been 69 00:04:19,920 --> 00:04:21,840 Speaker 1: better at building something else, they probably would have built 70 00:04:21,839 --> 00:04:25,159 Speaker 1: something else. Well. Yeah, I think Also it took until 71 00:04:25,440 --> 00:04:31,520 Speaker 1: um the well about the twentieth century before we started 72 00:04:31,600 --> 00:04:35,680 Speaker 1: using materials and developed materials that you you could build 73 00:04:35,720 --> 00:04:39,000 Speaker 1: a very tall structure out of that didn't require you 74 00:04:39,040 --> 00:04:42,480 Speaker 1: build a pyramid, because you have to have a pyramid 75 00:04:42,839 --> 00:04:45,400 Speaker 1: to build something very high. When you're using something like 76 00:04:45,480 --> 00:04:48,440 Speaker 1: stone blocks or something like that, you keep setting stuff 77 00:04:48,600 --> 00:04:50,880 Speaker 1: on top of each other and it's going to become 78 00:04:50,960 --> 00:04:55,159 Speaker 1: structurally unsound once it's all leaning in on each other, 79 00:04:55,680 --> 00:05:00,520 Speaker 1: and the prevailing um sentiment among archaeologists and anthrop copologists 80 00:05:00,560 --> 00:05:04,280 Speaker 1: to study this kind of stuff is that pyramids are 81 00:05:04,360 --> 00:05:15,000 Speaker 1: ultimately the natural um conclusion evolution from just earthen mounds 82 00:05:15,480 --> 00:05:19,200 Speaker 1: that they think originally were the first stabs at what 83 00:05:19,360 --> 00:05:25,200 Speaker 1: ultimately became pyramids, peaking basically at the Pyramid of Cufu. Yeah, 84 00:05:25,240 --> 00:05:28,240 Speaker 1: and they I think there's also probably symbolic, uh, some 85 00:05:28,320 --> 00:05:31,440 Speaker 1: symbolism going on with pyramids coming to a point towards 86 00:05:31,440 --> 00:05:36,120 Speaker 1: the sky. Uh. In the case of Uh, let's say 87 00:05:36,279 --> 00:05:38,520 Speaker 1: Central America with the minds and the Aztecs, there were 88 00:05:38,560 --> 00:05:43,119 Speaker 1: more religious imples, so that it's okay for that, and 89 00:05:43,240 --> 00:05:46,520 Speaker 1: if in case of Egypt, with being a tomb, it 90 00:05:46,600 --> 00:05:48,920 Speaker 1: also makes sense that it would point toward the heavens well. 91 00:05:48,960 --> 00:05:53,200 Speaker 1: With each specifically, they believe that the symbols, the symbolism 92 00:05:53,240 --> 00:05:57,200 Speaker 1: behind the pyramid is that it symbolized this mound that 93 00:05:57,240 --> 00:06:01,039 Speaker 1: the earth was created from in Egyptian cosmology. Yeah, that 94 00:06:01,120 --> 00:06:04,200 Speaker 1: makes sense. Yeah. Um. So the other are a couple 95 00:06:04,200 --> 00:06:07,480 Speaker 1: of other distinctions between Egyptian pyramids and let's say Central 96 00:06:07,520 --> 00:06:12,599 Speaker 1: American is Central American pyramids were generally wider but smaller 97 00:06:12,720 --> 00:06:16,799 Speaker 1: as I guess not as tall and um they built 98 00:06:16,800 --> 00:06:19,400 Speaker 1: those over hundreds of years, whereas the Great Pyramids and 99 00:06:20,200 --> 00:06:22,760 Speaker 1: Egypt were built over the course of you don't know 100 00:06:22,800 --> 00:06:25,120 Speaker 1: for sure, but probably twenty or thirty years. So I 101 00:06:25,560 --> 00:06:27,520 Speaker 1: think that that's true in some cases. But I ran 102 00:06:27,560 --> 00:06:34,080 Speaker 1: across something that that suggested that at umtan Um they 103 00:06:34,080 --> 00:06:38,039 Speaker 1: would build pairs of pyramids like every twenty years. Yeah, 104 00:06:38,160 --> 00:06:39,919 Speaker 1: So I don't know if it's the case across the board, 105 00:06:39,960 --> 00:06:44,440 Speaker 1: but I think that they weren't quite the massive public 106 00:06:44,480 --> 00:06:48,400 Speaker 1: works that Egyptian Pyramids came to be. Yeah. Well, in 107 00:06:48,440 --> 00:06:51,840 Speaker 1: Central America, they were also more located in Aztec in 108 00:06:51,920 --> 00:06:56,520 Speaker 1: mind cities, whereas the Egyptian Pyramids originally we're located away 109 00:06:56,560 --> 00:06:59,839 Speaker 1: from cities. And I remember, I think it was just 110 00:07:00,120 --> 00:07:03,800 Speaker 1: last year that I saw that mind blowing picture of 111 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:07,240 Speaker 1: the other side of the Great Pyramids of Egypt. How 112 00:07:07,279 --> 00:07:09,640 Speaker 1: the city runs right up to the front door basically, 113 00:07:10,280 --> 00:07:11,840 Speaker 1: and if you ever look at an aerial of view, 114 00:07:11,840 --> 00:07:13,320 Speaker 1: I've just never seen one until a year ago. I 115 00:07:13,360 --> 00:07:15,360 Speaker 1: was like, Wow, I just thought it was literally in 116 00:07:15,360 --> 00:07:18,200 Speaker 1: the middle of nowhere and there's a huge city just 117 00:07:18,360 --> 00:07:20,440 Speaker 1: right in front of them. Yeah, and well it makes 118 00:07:20,480 --> 00:07:23,320 Speaker 1: sense though, if you think about it, especially if saying Mesoamerica, 119 00:07:23,360 --> 00:07:26,000 Speaker 1: they were temples. Well, temples were for like public use, 120 00:07:26,360 --> 00:07:30,120 Speaker 1: so you'd want it kind of convenient if you're pyramid 121 00:07:30,280 --> 00:07:34,000 Speaker 1: was used as like a tomb. Humans traditionally bury their 122 00:07:34,040 --> 00:07:39,000 Speaker 1: people slightly away from, you know, their city center, so 123 00:07:39,080 --> 00:07:40,720 Speaker 1: it makes sense that it would be on the outskirts 124 00:07:40,760 --> 00:07:43,400 Speaker 1: of Cairo rather than in it. Yeah, that makes sense. 125 00:07:44,160 --> 00:07:48,240 Speaker 1: The first tombs in Egypt for the pharaohs were just flat, 126 00:07:48,840 --> 00:07:54,080 Speaker 1: boxy buildings. They called them mustabas, which is Arabic for bench, 127 00:07:54,560 --> 00:07:56,680 Speaker 1: and then they started building those on top of each 128 00:07:56,680 --> 00:07:59,640 Speaker 1: other sort of in the uh, you know, they get 129 00:07:59,680 --> 00:08:01,880 Speaker 1: a little smaller, but they still remained flat on top. 130 00:08:01,920 --> 00:08:04,480 Speaker 1: They didn't come to a point like a pyramid. Yeah, 131 00:08:04,560 --> 00:08:07,160 Speaker 1: those were step pyramids, and they were the first attempt 132 00:08:07,200 --> 00:08:10,800 Speaker 1: at pyramids. And it's um, it's really strange because the 133 00:08:10,840 --> 00:08:13,800 Speaker 1: whole thing was so these pyramids are so so old 134 00:08:14,520 --> 00:08:17,760 Speaker 1: that you think of them just like being you know, 135 00:08:17,840 --> 00:08:21,280 Speaker 1: spanning thousands of years in the way of construction and 136 00:08:21,320 --> 00:08:23,760 Speaker 1: planning and all this stuff, and all the number of 137 00:08:23,760 --> 00:08:27,640 Speaker 1: pharaohs that must have been involved when actually um, Egypt's 138 00:08:28,480 --> 00:08:32,480 Speaker 1: Egypt's pyramids were built within a seven year period and 139 00:08:32,520 --> 00:08:36,880 Speaker 1: basically just for like five pharaohs or so. Yeah, it's 140 00:08:36,880 --> 00:08:39,480 Speaker 1: not too bad. Yeah, it was like there's a burst 141 00:08:40,160 --> 00:08:42,600 Speaker 1: and then nothing, and then another little bit and then 142 00:08:42,679 --> 00:08:46,680 Speaker 1: nothing after that because it's hard labor. It was hard. Yeah, 143 00:08:46,760 --> 00:08:49,839 Speaker 1: it was hard getting labor there. It was hard. Um, 144 00:08:49,880 --> 00:08:52,760 Speaker 1: it was very expensive. It's hard getting those rocks there. 145 00:08:53,800 --> 00:08:56,920 Speaker 1: And they also think, remember I said that um Cufu's 146 00:08:57,080 --> 00:08:59,400 Speaker 1: pyramid the most famous pyramid in the world, the one 147 00:08:59,440 --> 00:09:03,040 Speaker 1: as of the tallest one, Um that that was the 148 00:09:03,080 --> 00:09:06,480 Speaker 1: pinnacle of pyramid building. And they think that after that, 149 00:09:06,600 --> 00:09:08,840 Speaker 1: as pyramids started to get smaller and something like that, 150 00:09:09,320 --> 00:09:12,800 Speaker 1: totally unintentioned, they think that as pyramids started to get smaller, 151 00:09:13,160 --> 00:09:18,560 Speaker 1: it actually represents a shift in Egyptian thought where worship 152 00:09:18,600 --> 00:09:22,640 Speaker 1: went from worshiping the pharaoh to worshiping raw and other 153 00:09:22,880 --> 00:09:28,840 Speaker 1: gods Um, so that the deification of the pharaoh diminished 154 00:09:28,840 --> 00:09:31,520 Speaker 1: in size, and you can see that reflected in the 155 00:09:31,559 --> 00:09:35,679 Speaker 1: smaller size of the literally. Yeah, interesting, that makes sense. 156 00:09:35,720 --> 00:09:38,200 Speaker 1: I never heard of that. Love it. I love it too. 157 00:09:38,640 --> 00:09:41,080 Speaker 1: So the Great Pyramid of Cufu, which you just mentioned, 158 00:09:41,200 --> 00:09:44,000 Speaker 1: is the biggest at a hundred and forty six ms 159 00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:47,920 Speaker 1: high with a two d and thirty meter square base 160 00:09:48,720 --> 00:09:52,160 Speaker 1: and oh, just about six and a half tons of 161 00:09:52,440 --> 00:09:55,319 Speaker 1: rock six and a half million tons. What did I say, 162 00:09:55,400 --> 00:09:57,720 Speaker 1: just six and a half Yeah, that would be that'd 163 00:09:57,720 --> 00:09:59,120 Speaker 1: just be a couple of the rocks. Yeah. I think 164 00:09:59,120 --> 00:10:02,280 Speaker 1: the average side rocks were two point five tons each. 165 00:10:03,160 --> 00:10:06,640 Speaker 1: The model was six point five tons, right, Um, And 166 00:10:06,880 --> 00:10:09,480 Speaker 1: these things have stood at the test of time, to 167 00:10:09,600 --> 00:10:13,400 Speaker 1: say the least. They have worn away some obviously, but 168 00:10:13,880 --> 00:10:16,079 Speaker 1: look at them. They still look great. Yeah. And they 169 00:10:16,080 --> 00:10:19,760 Speaker 1: were built like four to five thousand years ago. Yeah. 170 00:10:20,559 --> 00:10:23,360 Speaker 1: What's really interesting that I didn't realize before was that 171 00:10:23,440 --> 00:10:26,160 Speaker 1: when you saw these things, like in the first year 172 00:10:26,200 --> 00:10:29,920 Speaker 1: that they were completed, or right when they were completed, um, 173 00:10:30,080 --> 00:10:34,199 Speaker 1: they were blinding white. Oh really yeah, So you can 174 00:10:34,200 --> 00:10:37,360 Speaker 1: see like this, the step, the steppy outline. They used 175 00:10:37,360 --> 00:10:40,400 Speaker 1: to be covered so that the sides and the pinnacle 176 00:10:40,480 --> 00:10:44,600 Speaker 1: were smooth, totally smooth, covered in polished limestone. So it 177 00:10:44,640 --> 00:10:47,840 Speaker 1: was like a gleaming white standing out against like the 178 00:10:47,880 --> 00:10:50,480 Speaker 1: bright blue sky, which there were photographs of that. Yeah, 179 00:10:50,520 --> 00:10:53,160 Speaker 1: it would have been pretty neat. But over time that 180 00:10:53,280 --> 00:10:57,400 Speaker 1: limestone is eroded away or being removed or whatever. Um, 181 00:10:57,440 --> 00:10:59,679 Speaker 1: And so now you can kind of see the substructure. 182 00:10:59,720 --> 00:11:02,160 Speaker 1: But what we see is like the external sides of 183 00:11:02,200 --> 00:11:06,280 Speaker 1: the pyramid were actually meant to be covered with polished limestone. Wow. Yeah, 184 00:11:06,440 --> 00:11:09,800 Speaker 1: but that was something else. And again we're talking about 185 00:11:09,800 --> 00:11:13,760 Speaker 1: like how spectacular feet this this was engineering wise. Things 186 00:11:13,800 --> 00:11:18,000 Speaker 1: were built, you know, forty years ago. Let's say, Um, 187 00:11:18,080 --> 00:11:22,760 Speaker 1: the Cufu Pyramid, Cufoo's pyramid. He was a pharaoh. Um 188 00:11:22,920 --> 00:11:26,560 Speaker 1: his pyramid was the tallest building in the world until 189 00:11:27,080 --> 00:11:31,600 Speaker 1: the twentieth century. That's crazy. Yeah, I mean that just 190 00:11:31,600 --> 00:11:34,040 Speaker 1: shows you that it was hard to build things tall. Yeah. 191 00:11:34,160 --> 00:11:36,760 Speaker 1: It's not like people didn't want to know. They wanted to. 192 00:11:36,960 --> 00:11:42,079 Speaker 1: I think man is always uh. Striven Strove stroded Strove 193 00:11:42,320 --> 00:11:47,200 Speaker 1: did strid to build things super tall, you know, uh, 194 00:11:47,240 --> 00:11:50,560 Speaker 1: to really reach up to the heavens and punch God 195 00:11:50,600 --> 00:11:53,120 Speaker 1: in the eye. Yeah, that's right, that's the that's why 196 00:11:53,120 --> 00:11:56,040 Speaker 1: they want to build it tall. That's right. Uh. The 197 00:11:56,200 --> 00:12:00,960 Speaker 1: very first stepped pyramid, Uh, the Sakara was completed in 198 00:12:02,520 --> 00:12:07,520 Speaker 1: and that was for the pharaoh. Jo's Er not Gozer. 199 00:12:07,960 --> 00:12:10,280 Speaker 1: It seems pretty close to that. It's so close. I 200 00:12:10,280 --> 00:12:12,960 Speaker 1: wanted to be Gozer. He would have been almost contemporaneous 201 00:12:13,040 --> 00:12:16,080 Speaker 1: that gozer, I would guess. So this one had six 202 00:12:16,160 --> 00:12:21,000 Speaker 1: levels and they tried, um, they attempted another one, another 203 00:12:21,040 --> 00:12:23,400 Speaker 1: six level step pyramid, but that one didn't work out 204 00:12:23,440 --> 00:12:25,439 Speaker 1: so well. So like you know, we're going to talk 205 00:12:25,440 --> 00:12:29,840 Speaker 1: about a couple of that, you know, learning projects basically. Yeah, 206 00:12:29,880 --> 00:12:32,800 Speaker 1: and you know you've heard a very famous um Egyptian 207 00:12:33,160 --> 00:12:37,800 Speaker 1: mathematician m Hotep. Yeah, he's actually credited with coming up 208 00:12:37,800 --> 00:12:41,400 Speaker 1: with the idea of taking those mastabas, those bench like 209 00:12:41,720 --> 00:12:46,679 Speaker 1: squat buildings and stacking smaller and diminishing versions of themselves 210 00:12:46,840 --> 00:12:50,360 Speaker 1: to create that first step pyramid, that first zigaratte that 211 00:12:50,360 --> 00:12:55,080 Speaker 1: that was his idea, and um Bubba Hotep, No, not 212 00:12:55,240 --> 00:12:58,079 Speaker 1: that that was a good movie, m Hotel, m Hotep, 213 00:12:59,520 --> 00:13:01,560 Speaker 1: I had no idea. By the way, that Bruce Campbell 214 00:13:01,960 --> 00:13:05,360 Speaker 1: was doing an Evil Dead TV show. Is it on? Yeah, 215 00:13:05,400 --> 00:13:07,480 Speaker 1: it's coming like it's super soon. I have no idea 216 00:13:07,520 --> 00:13:10,240 Speaker 1: how this escaped me. I had no idea either. Yeah, 217 00:13:10,240 --> 00:13:13,120 Speaker 1: I'm pretty excited though it's just back. The only way 218 00:13:13,120 --> 00:13:14,800 Speaker 1: it could be better is if it came on right 219 00:13:14,840 --> 00:13:18,880 Speaker 1: after the Muppets up Pretty good Night. That'd be like 220 00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:24,040 Speaker 1: the A Team Night Writer pairing. M hmm, was that well, 221 00:13:24,080 --> 00:13:26,040 Speaker 1: I was back to back. I think they might have been. 222 00:13:27,080 --> 00:13:28,840 Speaker 1: I was never in the night Rider, so I turned 223 00:13:28,840 --> 00:13:31,079 Speaker 1: it off after it. I wasn't the Soups night Rider fan. 224 00:13:31,200 --> 00:13:34,240 Speaker 1: But all right, let's go with Love Boat Fancy Island, 225 00:13:35,440 --> 00:13:37,640 Speaker 1: maybe the best two hour pairing in TV history. I 226 00:13:37,679 --> 00:13:40,240 Speaker 1: never really watched the Fantasy Island. I loved Love both. 227 00:13:40,320 --> 00:13:43,920 Speaker 1: I wasn't allowed to watch Fantasy Island. Well, no, I 228 00:13:43,960 --> 00:13:47,600 Speaker 1: had the word fantasy in the title. We don't want that. 229 00:13:48,480 --> 00:13:50,120 Speaker 1: Um No, I think it was. It was dark and 230 00:13:50,240 --> 00:13:52,480 Speaker 1: it wasn't necessarily for kids. But now when I look 231 00:13:52,480 --> 00:13:54,880 Speaker 1: back at it was so silly, Like, I can't believe 232 00:13:54,920 --> 00:13:57,120 Speaker 1: I wasn't allowed to watch this. Well, the whole premise 233 00:13:57,200 --> 00:14:01,160 Speaker 1: of it is just fairly unbelievable. But at Mike Family 234 00:14:01,200 --> 00:14:04,000 Speaker 1: they were probably like, no, it's it's all about sex. 235 00:14:04,960 --> 00:14:08,800 Speaker 1: Everyone's fantasy will be about sex. And Ricardo montebon is 236 00:14:08,800 --> 00:14:13,200 Speaker 1: clearly playing the devil. Yeah with this little, uh smaller minion. 237 00:14:15,840 --> 00:14:20,240 Speaker 1: All right, uh? Where were we? Oh, we were talking 238 00:14:20,280 --> 00:14:23,800 Speaker 1: about pyramids. It didn't work out so well. Another one 239 00:14:23,920 --> 00:14:26,600 Speaker 1: was the I want to say medium, but it's the 240 00:14:27,160 --> 00:14:31,120 Speaker 1: me edam pyramid or the medium. I've also seen it 241 00:14:31,200 --> 00:14:33,800 Speaker 1: spelled emmy y do you m, which makes it easier. 242 00:14:33,800 --> 00:14:36,440 Speaker 1: It's like made him made him made um that was 243 00:14:36,560 --> 00:14:43,160 Speaker 1: constructed seventy and it had seven steps, uh, heading towards eight, 244 00:14:43,560 --> 00:14:48,560 Speaker 1: but it collapsed. It collap And then there's the bent pyramid, 245 00:14:48,680 --> 00:14:53,160 Speaker 1: which didn't collapse, but they they basically just miscalculated the 246 00:14:53,200 --> 00:14:56,760 Speaker 1: angle and it started to They basically had to change 247 00:14:56,800 --> 00:14:58,680 Speaker 1: the angle after like the first third of it was 248 00:14:58,720 --> 00:15:01,720 Speaker 1: built or two thirds was built. Yeah, So first we 249 00:15:01,800 --> 00:15:08,400 Speaker 1: have dozers Gozer's um step pyramid in Sakara. That's the 250 00:15:08,480 --> 00:15:14,080 Speaker 1: first real inkling of that pyramids are coming. After that, 251 00:15:14,320 --> 00:15:18,680 Speaker 1: we had the pharaoh um oh what his name, Snifferu 252 00:15:19,120 --> 00:15:23,360 Speaker 1: Snifferu and Snifferi was the one who kept having really 253 00:15:23,400 --> 00:15:26,440 Speaker 1: bad luck with pyramids, and it was because he was 254 00:15:27,280 --> 00:15:32,320 Speaker 1: very ambitious, but he was also um dealing with architects 255 00:15:32,360 --> 00:15:34,720 Speaker 1: and engineers who were still figuring this out as they 256 00:15:34,760 --> 00:15:38,120 Speaker 1: were going along. So he had to put up with them. 257 00:15:38,760 --> 00:15:42,160 Speaker 1: The one that collapsed the meat made him yep, and 258 00:15:42,200 --> 00:15:44,480 Speaker 1: then he had to put up with the bent pyramid, 259 00:15:44,840 --> 00:15:46,840 Speaker 1: which still looks good. Did you look it up? Yeah, 260 00:15:46,880 --> 00:15:49,520 Speaker 1: it's it's great, but you can tell, like it's not 261 00:15:49,600 --> 00:15:52,960 Speaker 1: the way it's supposed to look perfect like, and I 262 00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:56,120 Speaker 1: can imagine like a lot of engineers probably lost their 263 00:15:56,120 --> 00:16:00,920 Speaker 1: lives with these failed projects because sniff Uru or snaff 264 00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:05,560 Speaker 1: Au he was fine with like capturing people and forcing 265 00:16:05,600 --> 00:16:09,280 Speaker 1: them to work, and he did a lot of underhanded 266 00:16:09,280 --> 00:16:13,840 Speaker 1: things to build himself a tomb, and the problem was 267 00:16:13,920 --> 00:16:16,960 Speaker 1: this failed attempt one how many decades did that take? 268 00:16:17,360 --> 00:16:20,560 Speaker 1: Failed attempt to how many decades did that take? Finally, 269 00:16:20,840 --> 00:16:23,400 Speaker 1: and they're like really freaking out at this point, like 270 00:16:23,560 --> 00:16:25,640 Speaker 1: if this guy dies and we don't have him a tomb, 271 00:16:25,640 --> 00:16:28,160 Speaker 1: like like this is about as bad as it could 272 00:16:28,160 --> 00:16:31,800 Speaker 1: get because I remember, we haven't converted to worshiping raw yet. 273 00:16:32,040 --> 00:16:34,760 Speaker 1: This guy's are raw, so we're dis pleasing our god 274 00:16:34,920 --> 00:16:39,320 Speaker 1: and we can see his expression just all I want 275 00:16:39,400 --> 00:16:42,360 Speaker 1: is a straight pyramid like everybody else. So finally they 276 00:16:42,440 --> 00:16:45,080 Speaker 1: hit on it. They build him the Red Pyramid, and 277 00:16:45,120 --> 00:16:50,160 Speaker 1: it is the first genuinely successful pyramid, and he died happy. 278 00:16:50,200 --> 00:16:53,800 Speaker 1: I guess, yeah, And I assume wasn't tombed there, Yes, 279 00:16:55,240 --> 00:16:57,400 Speaker 1: I think so, I don't know. I didn't run across 280 00:16:57,400 --> 00:17:01,160 Speaker 1: that where he is. I Belu was otherwise that would 281 00:17:01,160 --> 00:17:03,920 Speaker 1: have been I mean, what a waste of time. Well, 282 00:17:03,960 --> 00:17:08,240 Speaker 1: that's the thing with these pyramids, we still um have 283 00:17:08,560 --> 00:17:14,480 Speaker 1: very little understanding about some really important stuff. Yeah, and 284 00:17:14,680 --> 00:17:17,000 Speaker 1: one of the reasons why is because they like in 285 00:17:17,119 --> 00:17:21,600 Speaker 1: Cufou's pyramid, Couper has never been found in there. They 286 00:17:21,680 --> 00:17:26,280 Speaker 1: think it's Coufu's pyramid, but his body's gone. And I 287 00:17:26,280 --> 00:17:30,400 Speaker 1: would guess probably the same thing for sniff sniff Au man, 288 00:17:30,440 --> 00:17:33,400 Speaker 1: he's got a tough name to say, Tom Rador's buddy. Yeah, 289 00:17:33,680 --> 00:17:37,800 Speaker 1: possibly probably. All right, Well, I think that you seriously 290 00:17:37,800 --> 00:17:41,240 Speaker 1: wet the listeners appetite with that tease. So let's take 291 00:17:41,240 --> 00:18:00,159 Speaker 1: a little break and come back and really get into Cufu. 292 00:18:01,240 --> 00:18:03,040 Speaker 1: Al Right, buddy, we might as well just go to 293 00:18:03,040 --> 00:18:06,439 Speaker 1: the big daddy and break it down. Cufu, break it 294 00:18:06,480 --> 00:18:10,359 Speaker 1: down for me, fellas k h u f U also 295 00:18:10,440 --> 00:18:13,680 Speaker 1: known as Cheops. Oh yeah, yeah, that's what the Greeks 296 00:18:13,680 --> 00:18:17,200 Speaker 1: called them. H So that's why the pyramids also called 297 00:18:17,200 --> 00:18:22,160 Speaker 1: the Pyramid of Cheops. I've never heard that um part 298 00:18:22,160 --> 00:18:25,800 Speaker 1: of the Giza pyramid complex. And like we mentioned, the 299 00:18:25,800 --> 00:18:28,719 Speaker 1: big daddy of them all, uh, it was built for 300 00:18:29,240 --> 00:18:32,600 Speaker 1: sniff AU's son Cufu and the other two little guys 301 00:18:32,600 --> 00:18:36,679 Speaker 1: were built for Cafu son uh cofre and the grandson. 302 00:18:37,080 --> 00:18:44,600 Speaker 1: Uh minkow ray. I'll bet it's manka manka ray. Yeah. 303 00:18:44,800 --> 00:18:47,439 Speaker 1: I think usually those vowels are split to like a 304 00:18:47,480 --> 00:18:53,359 Speaker 1: different part of the word man Making any sense you 305 00:18:53,400 --> 00:18:55,400 Speaker 1: are to me, But I know what you're trying to say, 306 00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:59,120 Speaker 1: I speak chuck, that's right. Uh So it is um 307 00:19:00,200 --> 00:19:02,959 Speaker 1: the largest and most elaborate in the one, you know, 308 00:19:03,160 --> 00:19:07,480 Speaker 1: where we've learned the most from basically in its construction. 309 00:19:07,640 --> 00:19:11,879 Speaker 1: Still has a lot of secrets, man, a lot of secrets, 310 00:19:11,920 --> 00:19:15,920 Speaker 1: including how they built it. Yeah, no idea. Well, let's 311 00:19:15,920 --> 00:19:20,280 Speaker 1: talk about the insides first. Let's sorry the guts. Uh. First, 312 00:19:20,320 --> 00:19:23,199 Speaker 1: you have your primary burial chamber. That's the King's chamber, 313 00:19:23,760 --> 00:19:26,480 Speaker 1: and that's where the tomb is. That's where the sarcophagus is. 314 00:19:27,000 --> 00:19:30,480 Speaker 1: Body in there. No, nope, What else is inside? Chuck? 315 00:19:30,880 --> 00:19:37,160 Speaker 1: Um hieroglyphics that say tell stories of life at that time, right, 316 00:19:37,280 --> 00:19:41,240 Speaker 1: you know, like little TV shows on the wall. Um. 317 00:19:41,680 --> 00:19:44,960 Speaker 1: The queen's chamber a little smaller, but not for the queen. 318 00:19:45,119 --> 00:19:50,520 Speaker 1: Is that right? That's right? They call that a misnomer. Yeah, Um, 319 00:19:50,560 --> 00:19:54,399 Speaker 1: Apparently people who stumbled upon it or entered it years 320 00:19:54,400 --> 00:19:58,440 Speaker 1: and years on after the Faronic dynasties had died out 321 00:19:59,240 --> 00:20:04,040 Speaker 1: um misinterpreted it and that when they were building this 322 00:20:04,119 --> 00:20:07,239 Speaker 1: they were worried that Cufu was going to die. So 323 00:20:07,480 --> 00:20:10,760 Speaker 1: some of the first things they did were building burial chambers, 324 00:20:11,080 --> 00:20:14,080 Speaker 1: and then as he lived in the pyramid kept going 325 00:20:14,160 --> 00:20:18,800 Speaker 1: under construction, they built a newer, better burial chamber, and 326 00:20:18,800 --> 00:20:22,480 Speaker 1: so there's ultimately three burial chambers, and he's in the 327 00:20:22,600 --> 00:20:26,800 Speaker 1: king's chamber supposedly that's where a psychophagus is. That's right. Uh, 328 00:20:26,920 --> 00:20:29,680 Speaker 1: you have weight relieving chambers. These are above the king's 329 00:20:29,760 --> 00:20:34,320 Speaker 1: chambers and their structural um basically to distribute weight and 330 00:20:34,359 --> 00:20:37,480 Speaker 1: to keep everything from collapsing in on the king. Yeah, 331 00:20:37,480 --> 00:20:39,320 Speaker 1: because that would be bad too. Yeah. They're like these 332 00:20:39,400 --> 00:20:43,040 Speaker 1: long slabs and then there's a gable. So there's like 333 00:20:44,040 --> 00:20:47,480 Speaker 1: long rectangular slabs. I think there's four or five of 334 00:20:47,480 --> 00:20:50,680 Speaker 1: them maybe, and then a wooden gable is it wouldn't 335 00:20:50,680 --> 00:20:53,119 Speaker 1: I thought it was rock. And the whole thing is 336 00:20:53,160 --> 00:20:55,520 Speaker 1: it's like all that pressure that's pushing down towards the 337 00:20:55,560 --> 00:20:58,080 Speaker 1: center of the triangle, it takes it and just kind 338 00:20:58,080 --> 00:21:03,080 Speaker 1: of deflects it outward away from that hole in the inside. 339 00:21:03,119 --> 00:21:08,639 Speaker 1: The um, the pyramid, the feat of engineering. Um. The 340 00:21:08,720 --> 00:21:13,639 Speaker 1: gallery is a big passageway with a vaulted ceiling. Um. 341 00:21:13,720 --> 00:21:16,560 Speaker 1: Do you understand what the corbelled ceiling is? Yeah? So 342 00:21:16,640 --> 00:21:18,720 Speaker 1: you know, like if you have a like a breakfast bar, 343 00:21:19,320 --> 00:21:22,080 Speaker 1: those two things that come out and hold it up, 344 00:21:22,560 --> 00:21:25,760 Speaker 1: those are corbells. So they had these things that are 345 00:21:25,800 --> 00:21:29,199 Speaker 1: like corbell's going up and basically it says here that 346 00:21:29,320 --> 00:21:34,000 Speaker 1: forms like a primitive arch. Okay, that makes sense. Yeah. Um, 347 00:21:34,200 --> 00:21:37,840 Speaker 1: you have passageways connecting everything because you have to get around. 348 00:21:38,600 --> 00:21:40,520 Speaker 1: You have an air shaft where they think the uh, 349 00:21:41,000 --> 00:21:44,119 Speaker 1: the spirit of those into him there would rise through 350 00:21:44,440 --> 00:21:46,720 Speaker 1: to the heavens. I guess the ideas you don't want 351 00:21:46,720 --> 00:21:51,800 Speaker 1: to fully enclose a tomb or a pyramid, gotta let 352 00:21:51,800 --> 00:21:56,760 Speaker 1: the soul out, sure, but creep out what else? Well? 353 00:21:56,840 --> 00:22:00,400 Speaker 1: Of course the exterior rocks that have eroded away. Sure, 354 00:22:00,880 --> 00:22:03,760 Speaker 1: and apparently the reason why we're quite sure that all 355 00:22:03,840 --> 00:22:08,000 Speaker 1: these things were aligned with limestone rocks is because Cafres 356 00:22:08,480 --> 00:22:16,280 Speaker 1: tomb uh Sneferus Snifferu's great grandson, there's still some limestone 357 00:22:16,359 --> 00:22:20,719 Speaker 1: rock on the top. Oh nice, that hasn't fully eroded, man, 358 00:22:21,640 --> 00:22:24,120 Speaker 1: after all these years. Yeah, so these are the things 359 00:22:24,200 --> 00:22:27,280 Speaker 1: that have been found over the over the years of 360 00:22:27,400 --> 00:22:32,359 Speaker 1: exploring these pyramids, right, But what really kind of surprised 361 00:22:32,359 --> 00:22:35,320 Speaker 1: me was that there's a lot of stuff that is 362 00:22:35,359 --> 00:22:39,560 Speaker 1: still being found. There's a lot of parts inside of 363 00:22:39,600 --> 00:22:43,760 Speaker 1: the pyramids that they're like, what is this or why 364 00:22:43,880 --> 00:22:46,640 Speaker 1: is there a door in this passage with some copper handles? 365 00:22:46,640 --> 00:22:49,919 Speaker 1: What's beyond it? Now? Is this because they haven't fully 366 00:22:49,960 --> 00:22:56,960 Speaker 1: excavated Yeah, okay, so they're still doing this. Oh yeah, yeah, yeah. 367 00:22:57,160 --> 00:23:00,359 Speaker 1: The um I can't remember his name, but the former 368 00:23:00,440 --> 00:23:05,800 Speaker 1: head of Egypt's antiquities before the revolution, um I can't remember. 369 00:23:05,800 --> 00:23:10,200 Speaker 1: He's like super like science educator guy. They call him 370 00:23:10,240 --> 00:23:13,639 Speaker 1: India Egypt's Indiana Jones. Okay, I thought you gonna say 371 00:23:13,680 --> 00:23:16,919 Speaker 1: Neil the grass Tyson. He's like Egypt's Neil de grass Tyson. 372 00:23:17,760 --> 00:23:21,360 Speaker 1: He could host Cosmos if you wanted to. He um 373 00:23:21,440 --> 00:23:25,879 Speaker 1: he is. He's been walking around lately saying, hey, there's 374 00:23:25,960 --> 00:23:28,800 Speaker 1: plenty of undiscovered stuff in these pyramids. We have a 375 00:23:28,880 --> 00:23:32,520 Speaker 1: very loose grasp the structure of them so far. Well, 376 00:23:32,560 --> 00:23:34,680 Speaker 1: and it's tough to get in there to do the work. Um, 377 00:23:34,720 --> 00:23:39,640 Speaker 1: I know the permitting process and is rigorous obviously, so 378 00:23:39,720 --> 00:23:41,680 Speaker 1: it's it's it's hard to know. This guy we're gonna 379 00:23:41,680 --> 00:23:43,919 Speaker 1: talk about later that has a new theory on how 380 00:23:43,920 --> 00:23:46,040 Speaker 1: they're built, he's having a hard time getting in there 381 00:23:46,080 --> 00:23:48,840 Speaker 1: to prove it. Yeah, but luckily they're starting to use 382 00:23:49,040 --> 00:23:52,080 Speaker 1: robots more and more to explore it, and that's starting 383 00:23:52,119 --> 00:23:56,120 Speaker 1: to yield some some interesting stuff. Did not know that either. 384 00:23:57,040 --> 00:24:00,560 Speaker 1: All right, well let's um, if you're gonna build a pyramid, Uh, 385 00:24:00,600 --> 00:24:02,760 Speaker 1: you don't just say let's get a bunch of rocks 386 00:24:02,800 --> 00:24:05,600 Speaker 1: and start going. Um. First, like any building, you need 387 00:24:05,640 --> 00:24:09,679 Speaker 1: to do a survey and excavate the land. Because they 388 00:24:09,760 --> 00:24:13,080 Speaker 1: learned pretty early on that you're the land that it's on, 389 00:24:13,119 --> 00:24:16,960 Speaker 1: and the foundation is super super duper important. Yeah, that's 390 00:24:17,200 --> 00:24:20,160 Speaker 1: I think one of the reasons the first one collapse 391 00:24:20,800 --> 00:24:23,840 Speaker 1: is because they didn't do the foundation right. It's got 392 00:24:23,840 --> 00:24:26,880 Speaker 1: to be level and again it's kind of in part 393 00:24:26,920 --> 00:24:31,840 Speaker 1: how impressive the cufu's pyramid is. What did you say, 394 00:24:31,880 --> 00:24:36,040 Speaker 1: it's um it's base was it is a two hundred 395 00:24:36,119 --> 00:24:40,400 Speaker 1: and thirty meter square base. Yeah, it's level within less 396 00:24:40,440 --> 00:24:45,040 Speaker 1: than an inch. Yeah, that's remarkable. So you get the busier, 397 00:24:45,160 --> 00:24:48,880 Speaker 1: the master builder involved. And they do have some theories 398 00:24:48,920 --> 00:24:52,800 Speaker 1: on how they did this leveling. UM. One was that 399 00:24:52,880 --> 00:24:57,199 Speaker 1: they poured water onto the site, and water is the 400 00:24:57,200 --> 00:25:01,199 Speaker 1: great leveler, and they would level the material above it, 401 00:25:01,320 --> 00:25:04,280 Speaker 1: above that water line, wait for the water level to drain, 402 00:25:04,320 --> 00:25:07,399 Speaker 1: I guess, and then just continue removing material until it 403 00:25:07,480 --> 00:25:10,560 Speaker 1: was flat. Great idea. Yeah, and it's like, you know, 404 00:25:10,680 --> 00:25:15,359 Speaker 1: self leveling concrete is way more soupy than uh, like 405 00:25:15,440 --> 00:25:20,320 Speaker 1: regular concrete, because it's gonna find if it's watery, it's 406 00:25:20,359 --> 00:25:24,320 Speaker 1: gonna find its own level, right all right. Uh. And 407 00:25:24,359 --> 00:25:26,520 Speaker 1: then another way that they may have done it is 408 00:25:26,560 --> 00:25:29,360 Speaker 1: so they found that um their post holes at regular 409 00:25:29,400 --> 00:25:32,800 Speaker 1: intervals of I think ten cubits, and a cubit is 410 00:25:32,840 --> 00:25:36,679 Speaker 1: the distance from the your elbow inside your arm to 411 00:25:36,880 --> 00:25:40,159 Speaker 1: the tip of your middle finger, so every ten of 412 00:25:40,200 --> 00:25:43,400 Speaker 1: those there would be a post hole. And they think 413 00:25:43,400 --> 00:25:47,159 Speaker 1: that possibly they laid out the foundation site as they 414 00:25:47,160 --> 00:25:51,960 Speaker 1: were excavating, into a grid pattern and hung plumb bobs 415 00:25:52,320 --> 00:25:55,280 Speaker 1: from these lines. And that's just like a weight that 416 00:25:55,320 --> 00:26:00,439 Speaker 1: looks like um, like an elongated brass top and it 417 00:26:00,520 --> 00:26:03,440 Speaker 1: hangs down and where it hangs is the level point, 418 00:26:03,960 --> 00:26:06,720 Speaker 1: and then you can excavate down to that that reference point, 419 00:26:06,760 --> 00:26:08,800 Speaker 1: and then you know everything's level if all of your 420 00:26:08,840 --> 00:26:12,440 Speaker 1: plumb bobs are touching the same ground. Yeah, and that's 421 00:26:12,440 --> 00:26:15,480 Speaker 1: still like if you go to build a backyard fence yourself, 422 00:26:15,520 --> 00:26:18,160 Speaker 1: you're gonna use these same techniques today. Right, it's pretty neat. 423 00:26:18,240 --> 00:26:22,399 Speaker 1: My money's on the water excavation. They they we already 424 00:26:22,400 --> 00:26:25,280 Speaker 1: know that they dug canals from the Nile toward the 425 00:26:25,359 --> 00:26:28,600 Speaker 1: Giza pyramid sites. Why not just built a little further 426 00:26:28,640 --> 00:26:32,480 Speaker 1: and flood the area as needed to excavate. You know, 427 00:26:32,640 --> 00:26:35,480 Speaker 1: that makes sense. That's that's a minus. But first, Chuck, 428 00:26:35,520 --> 00:26:39,120 Speaker 1: they had to figure out because these pyramids are all 429 00:26:39,240 --> 00:26:43,919 Speaker 1: oriented along um north south east west right. Yeah, they 430 00:26:43,960 --> 00:26:47,320 Speaker 1: run parallel to these xs, so like they're there, I 431 00:26:47,359 --> 00:26:52,040 Speaker 1: believe they're facing true north. This is pre compass, its 432 00:26:52,080 --> 00:26:54,960 Speaker 1: pre north star. Yeah, the north star wasn't even the 433 00:26:55,040 --> 00:26:58,520 Speaker 1: sky there then. Um. Instead, they had to follow some 434 00:26:58,600 --> 00:27:01,919 Speaker 1: of the circumpolar star and they were doing things like 435 00:27:01,960 --> 00:27:05,760 Speaker 1: measuring shadows to calculate where true north was. And then 436 00:27:05,760 --> 00:27:08,639 Speaker 1: once they calculated true north, they could use right angles 437 00:27:08,680 --> 00:27:13,200 Speaker 1: to determine where uh, southeast and west were that's amazing. 438 00:27:13,280 --> 00:27:15,439 Speaker 1: And then once they had that, then they had to 439 00:27:15,520 --> 00:27:17,720 Speaker 1: start doing the planning out the site in a grid 440 00:27:17,720 --> 00:27:21,800 Speaker 1: and excavating everything down. That's right. Uh. Using cubits and 441 00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:25,359 Speaker 1: hands was the other unit of measurement, which is, uh, 442 00:27:25,600 --> 00:27:28,200 Speaker 1: you say something so many hands wide, it's the width 443 00:27:28,200 --> 00:27:30,840 Speaker 1: of your hand with your thumb along the side. Yeah, 444 00:27:30,880 --> 00:27:33,960 Speaker 1: And they still use that to um measure horses or 445 00:27:34,000 --> 00:27:38,359 Speaker 1: to describe horse heights, like twenty hands high. That's a 446 00:27:38,600 --> 00:27:40,960 Speaker 1: that's decent height with it's at a big horse or 447 00:27:41,000 --> 00:27:43,679 Speaker 1: small horse hands. I think that might be like a 448 00:27:43,760 --> 00:27:47,000 Speaker 1: giant freak of nature horse. Yeah. I usually here like 449 00:27:47,040 --> 00:27:52,720 Speaker 1: fourteen or sixteen. Hey, that's off to the triple ground winner, right, Yeah. 450 00:27:52,760 --> 00:27:57,240 Speaker 1: American Pharaoh whoa which, by the way, Pharaoh was misspelled 451 00:27:57,240 --> 00:27:59,320 Speaker 1: in his name, and they knew it early on, but 452 00:27:59,400 --> 00:28:01,680 Speaker 1: they were like, well, we're just gonna leave it like that. 453 00:28:02,680 --> 00:28:08,600 Speaker 1: Um so pharaoh. Yeah, pretty neat history. That was pretty great. Yeah. 454 00:28:08,640 --> 00:28:11,439 Speaker 1: I watched Um, I did watch that, and you know, 455 00:28:11,440 --> 00:28:14,159 Speaker 1: I'm not into horse racing, but I knew what was 456 00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:16,320 Speaker 1: coming on and I was like, well, it's only a 457 00:28:16,320 --> 00:28:19,040 Speaker 1: few minutes, so I just don't watch any of the 458 00:28:19,040 --> 00:28:22,320 Speaker 1: other stuff of the two hour podcast, and I just 459 00:28:22,359 --> 00:28:23,960 Speaker 1: turned it on to hear that call. You know, it's 460 00:28:23,960 --> 00:28:25,920 Speaker 1: always great here in a good horse racing call. That 461 00:28:26,040 --> 00:28:29,320 Speaker 1: thing led the whole way. Yeah, there was really no doubt. 462 00:28:29,320 --> 00:28:31,439 Speaker 1: And I love that jockey. Yeah, because he had he 463 00:28:31,480 --> 00:28:34,679 Speaker 1: had had several attempts right at the time. He raced 464 00:28:35,080 --> 00:28:37,760 Speaker 1: California Chrome last year, so we had a shot at 465 00:28:37,800 --> 00:28:40,640 Speaker 1: the Triple Crown and I couldn't pull it out. And 466 00:28:40,680 --> 00:28:46,600 Speaker 1: this year he did good for him, all right, So 467 00:28:46,640 --> 00:28:48,720 Speaker 1: I guess we should talk about how they actually build 468 00:28:48,760 --> 00:28:51,960 Speaker 1: these things. Now, you gotta get rocks there, that's the 469 00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:55,000 Speaker 1: first step. Yeah, and some of the rock did come 470 00:28:55,040 --> 00:28:58,720 Speaker 1: from Giza, like the rocks. The pyramid structure itself is 471 00:28:58,760 --> 00:29:02,680 Speaker 1: made largely of limes stone, and there was limestone quarries 472 00:29:02,720 --> 00:29:05,560 Speaker 1: around the Giza site. But they also had to get 473 00:29:05,640 --> 00:29:09,560 Speaker 1: rocks from elsewhere. Yeah. The granite they think came up 474 00:29:09,640 --> 00:29:12,880 Speaker 1: the river from a swan. They have alabaster from lux 475 00:29:13,000 --> 00:29:17,640 Speaker 1: or basalt from the Phioum Depression, which I didn't see 476 00:29:17,640 --> 00:29:23,920 Speaker 1: where the basil was used, however, it's pronounced by salt 477 00:29:24,760 --> 00:29:27,920 Speaker 1: is it? I don't know, um, And of course you 478 00:29:27,960 --> 00:29:30,240 Speaker 1: know they don't have iron at this point, so they're 479 00:29:30,280 --> 00:29:33,000 Speaker 1: not using iron to cut. They're using copper and stone 480 00:29:33,040 --> 00:29:35,520 Speaker 1: cutting tools to shape these things. But you have to 481 00:29:35,560 --> 00:29:38,680 Speaker 1: get them there, which is you know, I think of 482 00:29:38,720 --> 00:29:40,560 Speaker 1: the neatest thing about the Pyramids is over the years 483 00:29:40,560 --> 00:29:41,920 Speaker 1: is trying to figure out how they did it all 484 00:29:41,920 --> 00:29:45,640 Speaker 1: because they didn't leave a record. Um, you know, it's 485 00:29:45,640 --> 00:29:49,880 Speaker 1: just been this great mystery for architecture and archaeological nerds 486 00:29:49,920 --> 00:29:52,160 Speaker 1: to try and figure out. Yeah. So the first step 487 00:29:52,240 --> 00:29:53,440 Speaker 1: is like, all right, well, how did they get all 488 00:29:53,480 --> 00:29:56,320 Speaker 1: these rocks here to begin with? So? Um Again, these 489 00:29:56,400 --> 00:29:58,640 Speaker 1: rocks were on average about two and a half tons 490 00:29:58,640 --> 00:30:00,480 Speaker 1: per rock. Yeah, so they didn't just lift them and 491 00:30:00,520 --> 00:30:03,479 Speaker 1: carry them. No, the Gypsies were familiar with the wheel, 492 00:30:03,800 --> 00:30:06,800 Speaker 1: but the wheel would have been totally useless in the 493 00:30:06,840 --> 00:30:11,240 Speaker 1: sand at Giza. Um, so they figure. I think the 494 00:30:11,280 --> 00:30:15,120 Speaker 1: general sentiment of how they moved rocks, especially once from 495 00:30:15,200 --> 00:30:19,719 Speaker 1: local quarries at Giza was by sled and rope. And 496 00:30:19,760 --> 00:30:23,000 Speaker 1: they had um, maybe ten men or fewer if they 497 00:30:23,040 --> 00:30:27,160 Speaker 1: could um pull these uh two and a half ton 498 00:30:27,320 --> 00:30:30,360 Speaker 1: rocks on sleds towards the site. So that's how they 499 00:30:30,360 --> 00:30:32,160 Speaker 1: would have moved them from the quarry. If they were 500 00:30:32,160 --> 00:30:35,000 Speaker 1: moving them from like lux Or or elsewhere, they would 501 00:30:35,000 --> 00:30:38,200 Speaker 1: have put them on rafts. And again they dug canals 502 00:30:38,320 --> 00:30:41,760 Speaker 1: from the Nile towards the Giza construction site. I bet 503 00:30:41,880 --> 00:30:45,840 Speaker 1: people loved being on that duty. Like the raft one well, yeah, 504 00:30:45,880 --> 00:30:48,240 Speaker 1: like just get it on this barge and then float it. 505 00:30:48,720 --> 00:30:50,719 Speaker 1: And the other guys were like, are you kidding me? 506 00:30:50,840 --> 00:30:53,760 Speaker 1: I have to pull this thing on the sand sled. 507 00:30:54,840 --> 00:30:57,520 Speaker 1: And then there's another way that um that they think. 508 00:30:57,520 --> 00:31:02,240 Speaker 1: They may have put them on little quarter circle sleds, 509 00:31:02,280 --> 00:31:04,840 Speaker 1: strapped them around it and just kind of twisted them 510 00:31:04,880 --> 00:31:08,720 Speaker 1: like you would twist a beer keg. Yeah, yeah, that 511 00:31:08,720 --> 00:31:12,240 Speaker 1: makes sense too. I would guess flat sleds. Although why 512 00:31:12,240 --> 00:31:13,800 Speaker 1: does it have to just be one or the other? Well, 513 00:31:13,840 --> 00:31:15,560 Speaker 1: that was what I was wondering when I was reading this. 514 00:31:15,600 --> 00:31:18,000 Speaker 1: It could have been a combination of methods. Yeah, Like 515 00:31:18,040 --> 00:31:20,840 Speaker 1: these guys are sled masters, so let them do that, right. 516 00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:22,600 Speaker 1: These guys have rolled a beer keg or two in 517 00:31:22,640 --> 00:31:25,720 Speaker 1: their day, so they can try that method. They've also 518 00:31:25,800 --> 00:31:29,480 Speaker 1: theorized about wooden rollers like logs and things. Makes sense. 519 00:31:29,840 --> 00:31:33,080 Speaker 1: The only problem is is um Timber was not a 520 00:31:33,160 --> 00:31:36,720 Speaker 1: local commodity. Yeah, that would that would have been widespread 521 00:31:36,840 --> 00:31:38,880 Speaker 1: enough to supply this thing, and it would have been 522 00:31:38,960 --> 00:31:42,360 Speaker 1: very expensive well, which is another reason, because they have 523 00:31:42,520 --> 00:31:47,080 Speaker 1: some super weighty timber on the interior of these pyramids, 524 00:31:47,440 --> 00:31:50,840 Speaker 1: and they also have wondered about that. I think it's 525 00:31:50,840 --> 00:31:54,240 Speaker 1: probably cedar from Lebanon. That's what I kept coming across 526 00:31:54,600 --> 00:31:57,960 Speaker 1: that the would that they were known to have used 527 00:31:58,080 --> 00:32:00,600 Speaker 1: was from Lebanon and it was cedar an e seater. 528 00:32:00,680 --> 00:32:03,160 Speaker 1: I bet that's good stuff. It was expensive back in 529 00:32:03,200 --> 00:32:08,280 Speaker 1: the day. Um. So when it comes to actually building 530 00:32:08,320 --> 00:32:10,920 Speaker 1: the pyramid itself, you've got so you've managed to get 531 00:32:10,960 --> 00:32:14,160 Speaker 1: all the rocks here. Um, you know what, we'll take 532 00:32:14,160 --> 00:32:15,920 Speaker 1: a break and we will talk a little bit about 533 00:32:15,920 --> 00:32:35,080 Speaker 1: some of the competing theories right after this. All right, 534 00:32:35,120 --> 00:32:38,200 Speaker 1: you got all your rocks. You're the foreman, you're the 535 00:32:38,640 --> 00:32:42,320 Speaker 1: what's it called, the the visier. You're the visier on 536 00:32:42,400 --> 00:32:46,600 Speaker 1: site who, by the way, Cufu's visier was his brother. Yeah. Yeah, 537 00:32:46,600 --> 00:32:48,600 Speaker 1: And if you were a visier, like you were pretty 538 00:32:48,640 --> 00:32:52,840 Speaker 1: well respecting, you've got your own little step pyramid tomb yourself. Sure, 539 00:32:53,640 --> 00:32:55,960 Speaker 1: So let's say you're that person. You've got your little 540 00:32:55,960 --> 00:32:58,200 Speaker 1: hard head on. You've got all these rocks, how do 541 00:32:58,240 --> 00:33:01,200 Speaker 1: you What are the theories they use like a pulley, 542 00:33:01,320 --> 00:33:04,880 Speaker 1: they use a crane. Uh well, there are a lot 543 00:33:04,920 --> 00:33:10,680 Speaker 1: of competing theories and they do involve cranes, they involve ramps, um, 544 00:33:10,720 --> 00:33:13,000 Speaker 1: and none of them have been proven. So let's talk 545 00:33:13,000 --> 00:33:16,280 Speaker 1: about like the ramp. One man, they figured out that 546 00:33:16,400 --> 00:33:20,320 Speaker 1: with a ramp you can't have when you're dealing with 547 00:33:20,360 --> 00:33:22,480 Speaker 1: two and a half ton of stones. And this is 548 00:33:22,520 --> 00:33:24,560 Speaker 1: from how to Build a Pyramid, which is from I 549 00:33:24,600 --> 00:33:27,600 Speaker 1: think a two thousand seven article in Archaeology magazine. Yeah, 550 00:33:27,680 --> 00:33:30,080 Speaker 1: Bob Bryer, it's really good article, it is. It's a 551 00:33:30,120 --> 00:33:33,480 Speaker 1: great article. Um. But he points out that you really 552 00:33:33,560 --> 00:33:36,160 Speaker 1: can't have a grade of more than about eight percent. 553 00:33:36,840 --> 00:33:39,160 Speaker 1: So if you're using a straight ramp leading up to 554 00:33:39,480 --> 00:33:43,600 Speaker 1: the pyramid site, as this thing gets taller and taller 555 00:33:44,000 --> 00:33:46,400 Speaker 1: and you eventually hit a hundred and forty six meters, 556 00:33:47,200 --> 00:33:50,560 Speaker 1: to maintain just an eight percent slope, you would have 557 00:33:50,600 --> 00:33:53,560 Speaker 1: to have a mile long ramp at that point. And 558 00:33:53,600 --> 00:33:56,280 Speaker 1: they said that's not very likely because that would have 559 00:33:56,280 --> 00:33:59,160 Speaker 1: been just as big of an undertaking is building a pyramid. Yeah, 560 00:33:59,200 --> 00:34:01,000 Speaker 1: it would have taken up about as along the build 561 00:34:01,160 --> 00:34:04,200 Speaker 1: and the timber, like you mentioned a lot of timber, 562 00:34:04,240 --> 00:34:06,000 Speaker 1: which they didn't have tons of, and they would have 563 00:34:06,040 --> 00:34:08,920 Speaker 1: built built it up over time, because you can't just 564 00:34:08,960 --> 00:34:12,719 Speaker 1: have a hundred and forty six ramp to start off 565 00:34:12,760 --> 00:34:15,960 Speaker 1: with and then drop the blocks in place below. You 566 00:34:16,040 --> 00:34:18,640 Speaker 1: would just slowly build up the ramp, but eventually it 567 00:34:18,680 --> 00:34:22,000 Speaker 1: would just become too unwieldy to have a mile long ramp. Yeah. 568 00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:24,040 Speaker 1: And we're not the first people to question this. I mean, 569 00:34:24,080 --> 00:34:27,840 Speaker 1: thousands of years ago, um people, historians were trying to 570 00:34:27,840 --> 00:34:29,759 Speaker 1: figure it out as well. He wrote. He wrote it 571 00:34:29,800 --> 00:34:33,040 Speaker 1: us Uh in four fifty b c. Said that they 572 00:34:33,440 --> 00:34:37,120 Speaker 1: use machines, but no one really knows what he meant 573 00:34:37,120 --> 00:34:40,080 Speaker 1: by machines a lot, but it could be a crane. Uh. 574 00:34:40,120 --> 00:34:42,840 Speaker 1: And then three hundred years after that, Deodorus of Sicily 575 00:34:42,880 --> 00:34:48,160 Speaker 1: said the construction was affected by mounds, which would be ramps. 576 00:34:48,239 --> 00:34:52,440 Speaker 1: So that's why these are the two the two longest 577 00:34:52,480 --> 00:34:55,640 Speaker 1: standing competing theories. The problem is is these Greeks came 578 00:34:55,680 --> 00:34:58,919 Speaker 1: along thousands of years after the pyramids had already been built. 579 00:34:58,960 --> 00:35:01,279 Speaker 1: It's not like they witnessed the construction. They were just 580 00:35:01,480 --> 00:35:07,880 Speaker 1: there their Yeah. Um, so with Herodotus or Herodotus, you know, 581 00:35:07,960 --> 00:35:10,360 Speaker 1: I don't know. I've seen his name in print so 582 00:35:10,400 --> 00:35:12,239 Speaker 1: many times, but I don't think i've ever heard it. 583 00:35:12,719 --> 00:35:16,560 Speaker 1: I'd say Herodotus sounds good. Say that, um his idea 584 00:35:16,600 --> 00:35:19,320 Speaker 1: of these machines that have been taken to mean cranes. 585 00:35:19,600 --> 00:35:21,759 Speaker 1: We know that the Egyptians were familiar with cranes and 586 00:35:21,880 --> 00:35:24,280 Speaker 1: use cranes, and that you could use cranes to build 587 00:35:24,280 --> 00:35:28,440 Speaker 1: a substantial portion of the pyramids. The problem is, as 588 00:35:28,480 --> 00:35:30,840 Speaker 1: you got closer and closer to the top, the leads 589 00:35:30,840 --> 00:35:33,759 Speaker 1: you were dealing with is say about eighteen inches, and 590 00:35:33,800 --> 00:35:37,520 Speaker 1: you can't support a crane like that. So the they 591 00:35:37,560 --> 00:35:40,120 Speaker 1: thought potentially that if they did use cranes, they use 592 00:35:40,239 --> 00:35:43,520 Speaker 1: series of small cranes that would just kind of hand 593 00:35:43,560 --> 00:35:47,279 Speaker 1: off like basically a bucket brigade of cranes handing off 594 00:35:47,320 --> 00:35:49,759 Speaker 1: one rock after the other. They were like levers, and 595 00:35:49,800 --> 00:35:53,280 Speaker 1: they were called they use these are called shadoofs um 596 00:35:53,400 --> 00:35:55,919 Speaker 1: and if you look up chadoof and image it there. 597 00:35:56,320 --> 00:35:57,719 Speaker 1: They would use it to get water out of the 598 00:35:57,760 --> 00:36:00,319 Speaker 1: river and stuff. And it's basically like just a lever 599 00:36:00,840 --> 00:36:02,600 Speaker 1: that someone would pull on one end or will be 600 00:36:02,600 --> 00:36:05,399 Speaker 1: waited and dip down into the water and then pull 601 00:36:05,480 --> 00:36:07,759 Speaker 1: up a bunch of stuff with a bucket. I guess, yeah, 602 00:36:08,040 --> 00:36:11,960 Speaker 1: a bunch of good Nile River water. Yes. So, like 603 00:36:12,000 --> 00:36:15,640 Speaker 1: you said, that theory is not very well excepted these days. 604 00:36:16,200 --> 00:36:20,120 Speaker 1: The crane Yeah, well, oh not for completion at least. Yeah, 605 00:36:20,239 --> 00:36:23,360 Speaker 1: and again like why just use one method if something 606 00:36:23,719 --> 00:36:25,720 Speaker 1: makes this part faster and then you have to switch 607 00:36:25,719 --> 00:36:28,319 Speaker 1: to this other part faster. Clearly these people had the 608 00:36:28,360 --> 00:36:33,080 Speaker 1: smarts to pull off this incredible feet of engineering. Um, 609 00:36:33,280 --> 00:36:35,920 Speaker 1: So I would think that they wouldn't have tunnel vision 610 00:36:36,600 --> 00:36:38,840 Speaker 1: and that they would probably be willing to use different techniques. 611 00:36:38,840 --> 00:36:41,160 Speaker 1: So it's it's possible that the cranes were used to 612 00:36:41,160 --> 00:36:45,640 Speaker 1: build the base. They'd have pyramid vision, right. Uh so 613 00:36:45,680 --> 00:36:48,400 Speaker 1: with the ramp, so the big long ramp is probably out. Um, 614 00:36:48,440 --> 00:36:51,480 Speaker 1: they had another theory that well, maybe it was like, um, 615 00:36:51,520 --> 00:36:54,840 Speaker 1: a ramp that just wound up and around the pyramid 616 00:36:55,600 --> 00:36:57,279 Speaker 1: like a mountain road is cut into the side of 617 00:36:57,280 --> 00:37:00,160 Speaker 1: the mountain. That sort of makes sense too. It is 618 00:37:00,200 --> 00:37:03,920 Speaker 1: the big problem with that is that the mound outside 619 00:37:03,920 --> 00:37:07,640 Speaker 1: of the pyramid covers up the corners as you're building it, 620 00:37:07,800 --> 00:37:10,200 Speaker 1: and as you're building it. You really need to be 621 00:37:10,280 --> 00:37:14,200 Speaker 1: able to measure the corners pretty frequently, because if you don't, 622 00:37:14,280 --> 00:37:16,640 Speaker 1: then those corners may not come together at a point 623 00:37:16,680 --> 00:37:21,799 Speaker 1: at top and SNIFFERU is going to be very mad, right, 624 00:37:22,080 --> 00:37:24,360 Speaker 1: So that one, to me is probably the least likely 625 00:37:24,480 --> 00:37:33,200 Speaker 1: the external um ramps. That and co enclose the site agreed. Um. 626 00:37:33,239 --> 00:37:35,959 Speaker 1: And maybe I'm a bandwagon ear, but I just read 627 00:37:35,960 --> 00:37:38,000 Speaker 1: this article that you sent, and so I'm going with 628 00:37:38,680 --> 00:37:43,879 Speaker 1: Jean Pierre Udine's theory that there were ramps, but there 629 00:37:43,880 --> 00:37:46,719 Speaker 1: were an external ramp that was the need to be 630 00:37:46,800 --> 00:37:48,480 Speaker 1: that long, and then once they got to the point 631 00:37:48,520 --> 00:37:51,680 Speaker 1: where the grade was too much, they used that ramp, 632 00:37:51,760 --> 00:37:55,200 Speaker 1: cannibalized it, and then had an interior ramp, yeah, to 633 00:37:55,200 --> 00:37:58,279 Speaker 1: finish it off, right. So Um, the thing about an 634 00:37:58,320 --> 00:38:01,680 Speaker 1: interior ramp is that you would be able to leave 635 00:38:01,760 --> 00:38:05,640 Speaker 1: the exterior corners exposed, You'd be able to build inside, 636 00:38:05,880 --> 00:38:07,840 Speaker 1: You'll be able to keep it at an eight percent 637 00:38:08,000 --> 00:38:12,000 Speaker 1: grade tops um, and you wouldn't have to build this huge, 638 00:38:12,160 --> 00:38:16,680 Speaker 1: massive public work that was as big as the pyramid itself, 639 00:38:17,120 --> 00:38:20,840 Speaker 1: like a hundred and forty six mile long ramp. It 640 00:38:20,880 --> 00:38:23,920 Speaker 1: would explain how you would build the whole thing without cranes, 641 00:38:24,719 --> 00:38:27,680 Speaker 1: because you're just getting closer and closer and closer to 642 00:38:27,760 --> 00:38:30,120 Speaker 1: the to the inside the interior of it as you're 643 00:38:30,160 --> 00:38:34,240 Speaker 1: building up right. Yeah. Um, the only problem is, Chuck, 644 00:38:34,400 --> 00:38:37,480 Speaker 1: is if there's an interior ramp, how would you possibly 645 00:38:37,520 --> 00:38:40,240 Speaker 1: remove that? You wouldn't it would being closed in the site. 646 00:38:40,360 --> 00:38:45,840 Speaker 1: So obviously this has been debunked right, well now it hasn't, um, 647 00:38:45,920 --> 00:38:48,960 Speaker 1: he believes and others have gotten on board that there 648 00:38:49,120 --> 00:38:53,719 Speaker 1: is still an interior ramp in there. What But that 649 00:38:53,800 --> 00:38:56,000 Speaker 1: was my question. Have they not explored enough of this 650 00:38:56,080 --> 00:38:59,880 Speaker 1: to find this thing? No? Okay, And actually there was 651 00:38:59,880 --> 00:39:04,440 Speaker 1: an nineteen six survey, but I think a French team, um, 652 00:39:04,560 --> 00:39:08,280 Speaker 1: and there they found some anomaly that they couldn't explain, 653 00:39:08,320 --> 00:39:10,880 Speaker 1: so they just ignored it basically. And it wasn't until 654 00:39:10,920 --> 00:39:14,719 Speaker 1: two thousand that Jean Pierre hu Dan's father, Henri hu Dan, 655 00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:18,200 Speaker 1: who was an engineer himself, just happened to be chatting 656 00:39:18,280 --> 00:39:20,359 Speaker 1: with one of these guys from the nineteen eighties six 657 00:39:20,360 --> 00:39:23,640 Speaker 1: survey and um, the guy said like, yeah, there's this 658 00:39:23,680 --> 00:39:26,680 Speaker 1: anomaly and he described it to him and basically what 659 00:39:26,760 --> 00:39:29,960 Speaker 1: he described as far as the Udans are concerned, is 660 00:39:30,040 --> 00:39:33,400 Speaker 1: this internal ramp. They're like, what is it? It's anomally, 661 00:39:33,440 --> 00:39:35,360 Speaker 1: it's like a big looks like a big, well worn 662 00:39:35,480 --> 00:39:40,400 Speaker 1: ramp right seven degree slope. Who cares. But supposedly the 663 00:39:41,800 --> 00:39:45,000 Speaker 1: way that they first discovered this was that a fox 664 00:39:45,120 --> 00:39:49,000 Speaker 1: popped out of an undiscovered crevice or previously undiscovered crevice 665 00:39:49,440 --> 00:39:53,480 Speaker 1: toward the top of the pyramid or halfway up, and 666 00:39:53,480 --> 00:39:55,640 Speaker 1: they're like, how did this desert fox get up there? 667 00:39:56,000 --> 00:39:58,879 Speaker 1: Probably did not climb all this way up. They think 668 00:39:58,880 --> 00:40:01,400 Speaker 1: he probably went into an other undiscovered hole towards the 669 00:40:01,400 --> 00:40:04,240 Speaker 1: bottom and then use the ramp and came out the top. 670 00:40:05,200 --> 00:40:09,600 Speaker 1: And that is further evidence that there's a ramp in there. Yeah, 671 00:40:09,600 --> 00:40:12,279 Speaker 1: there is another little piece of evidence that they point to. 672 00:40:12,560 --> 00:40:15,239 Speaker 1: Um there was a notch, a corner notch from the 673 00:40:15,320 --> 00:40:19,759 Speaker 1: ramp used for turning the blocks, and it is exactly 674 00:40:20,320 --> 00:40:22,560 Speaker 1: where two thirds of the way up on the northeast corner, 675 00:40:22,960 --> 00:40:26,160 Speaker 1: right where Udine predicted there would be one if you 676 00:40:26,239 --> 00:40:27,960 Speaker 1: were to use this kind of ramp piece, like, there 677 00:40:28,000 --> 00:40:29,960 Speaker 1: should be a notch right there, And there was a notch, 678 00:40:30,560 --> 00:40:35,719 Speaker 1: but yeah, I think where the inside right, Yeah, pretty neat. Uh. 679 00:40:35,719 --> 00:40:40,440 Speaker 1: And then finally they used um, something called micro uh 680 00:40:40,640 --> 00:40:44,200 Speaker 1: grab immetry. It's a it's a I don't even understand 681 00:40:44,239 --> 00:40:47,439 Speaker 1: how it works. Do you know? It's a surveying method. Yeah, 682 00:40:48,400 --> 00:40:52,279 Speaker 1: it's magic, right, um. And basically what it does is 683 00:40:52,320 --> 00:40:55,920 Speaker 1: it enables them to measure density. Yeah. So like if 684 00:40:56,120 --> 00:40:58,399 Speaker 1: if you're measuring a part of the pyramid and it's 685 00:40:58,440 --> 00:41:00,680 Speaker 1: just solid rock, it's going to be very dense. If 686 00:41:00,680 --> 00:41:03,239 Speaker 1: you find a part of the pyramid that's kind of 687 00:41:03,239 --> 00:41:06,920 Speaker 1: this open tunnel like a ramp, it's going to be 688 00:41:07,000 --> 00:41:10,319 Speaker 1: less tense. So I think that's where that's from that 689 00:41:11,239 --> 00:41:14,280 Speaker 1: survey where they turned up the anomaly that they ignored. 690 00:41:15,640 --> 00:41:20,320 Speaker 1: That's the impression. I have one other thing that um 691 00:41:20,320 --> 00:41:22,839 Speaker 1: it was a very long standing myth thanks to our 692 00:41:22,840 --> 00:41:25,440 Speaker 1: friends the Greeks, who just made stuff up apparently two 693 00:41:25,480 --> 00:41:29,200 Speaker 1: thousand years after the fact, was that um, it took 694 00:41:29,239 --> 00:41:34,399 Speaker 1: about a hundred thousand slaves to build the pyramids at Giza. Yeah, 695 00:41:34,480 --> 00:41:38,880 Speaker 1: mistreated um slaves, forced into labor, and it took a 696 00:41:38,920 --> 00:41:43,080 Speaker 1: hundred thousand of them. Probably not true. No, Supposedly, thanks 697 00:41:43,120 --> 00:41:47,080 Speaker 1: to h Harvard archaeologist Mark Laner, he conducted a two 698 00:41:47,120 --> 00:41:51,800 Speaker 1: thousand to survey and he found evidence to quite the contrary. Yeah. 699 00:41:51,840 --> 00:41:54,040 Speaker 1: And then later on in two thousand and ten, um, 700 00:41:54,080 --> 00:41:58,680 Speaker 1: just a few years ago, they found tombs of workers discovered, um, 701 00:41:58,719 --> 00:42:00,719 Speaker 1: and they basically said, like the way that they were 702 00:42:00,760 --> 00:42:03,400 Speaker 1: buried and entombed, like slaves would never have been honored 703 00:42:03,400 --> 00:42:06,439 Speaker 1: in this way. There's lots of evidence they were really 704 00:42:06,480 --> 00:42:09,680 Speaker 1: well fed. Yeah. They said that um, twenty one cows 705 00:42:09,719 --> 00:42:13,120 Speaker 1: and twenty three sheep per day, um was what these 706 00:42:13,200 --> 00:42:18,360 Speaker 1: people were eating. So a lot of bread. They found 707 00:42:18,400 --> 00:42:22,000 Speaker 1: evidence of, like basically industrial scale bakeries to bake bread 708 00:42:22,040 --> 00:42:27,200 Speaker 1: for the workers. Oh huh. And there was evidence of 709 00:42:27,880 --> 00:42:32,240 Speaker 1: basically permanent occupation there that said that there were probably 710 00:42:32,280 --> 00:42:34,960 Speaker 1: between two thousand and four thousand workers on hand at 711 00:42:34,960 --> 00:42:38,360 Speaker 1: any time, but that maybe thirty thousand total over the 712 00:42:38,440 --> 00:42:42,120 Speaker 1: like the twenty years constructed the pyramid. Yeah. I saw 713 00:42:42,160 --> 00:42:44,680 Speaker 1: the word. They had worked out somewhere between ten and 714 00:42:44,719 --> 00:42:47,840 Speaker 1: thirty thousand that worked in three month shifts. Uh. And 715 00:42:47,880 --> 00:42:49,719 Speaker 1: they said, you know, while they weren't slaves, they said 716 00:42:49,719 --> 00:42:52,919 Speaker 1: it was tough stuff, Like there was evidence of arthritis 717 00:42:52,960 --> 00:42:57,759 Speaker 1: and bad backs and all the things inherent in pyramid building. Um. 718 00:42:57,760 --> 00:42:59,799 Speaker 1: So it wasn't like, you know, it was easy going. 719 00:42:59,840 --> 00:43:02,160 Speaker 1: But it makes sense that you know you, if you 720 00:43:02,200 --> 00:43:04,200 Speaker 1: want these things built, you have to have a strong workforce, 721 00:43:04,239 --> 00:43:05,920 Speaker 1: which means you have to take care of them and 722 00:43:05,920 --> 00:43:11,040 Speaker 1: feed them. You know, ye, pay them, pay the payment 723 00:43:11,120 --> 00:43:14,359 Speaker 1: fish pay me. Yeah, that's what they said, ye at 724 00:43:14,400 --> 00:43:19,399 Speaker 1: the end of every shift. That's right. So anything else? No, man, 725 00:43:19,440 --> 00:43:24,759 Speaker 1: that's Egyptian pyramids. Uh. Yeah. If you want to know 726 00:43:24,800 --> 00:43:27,279 Speaker 1: more about pyramids, type that word in a search bar 727 00:43:27,360 --> 00:43:29,200 Speaker 1: at how stuff works dot com. And since I said 728 00:43:29,200 --> 00:43:33,920 Speaker 1: search bars, time for a listener, Mayo. I'm gonna call 729 00:43:34,000 --> 00:43:38,279 Speaker 1: this Australian radio show. I was just talking about us. 730 00:43:38,320 --> 00:43:42,280 Speaker 1: Did you see this? No? So that there's a show 731 00:43:42,360 --> 00:43:44,919 Speaker 1: apparently the biggest radio show in Sydney called the Kyle 732 00:43:45,000 --> 00:43:49,080 Speaker 1: and Jackie oh Show. Did you see this or hear it? No? 733 00:43:49,160 --> 00:43:51,400 Speaker 1: I haven't been to I flew through Sydney once for 734 00:43:51,440 --> 00:43:53,160 Speaker 1: like ten minutes. I have a chance to listen to 735 00:43:53,200 --> 00:43:56,319 Speaker 1: the radio. I mean, did you see the email? No? 736 00:43:56,480 --> 00:43:58,640 Speaker 1: I didn't. Okay, that's the second time you made me 737 00:43:58,640 --> 00:44:01,440 Speaker 1: admit that. Sorry. Hey guys, I've been listening to you 738 00:44:01,520 --> 00:44:03,400 Speaker 1: for years and I adore you both. I also listened 739 00:44:03,400 --> 00:44:06,040 Speaker 1: to the Kyle and Jackie Oshow, which is the biggest 740 00:44:06,160 --> 00:44:10,319 Speaker 1: radio show in Sydney. That was a good thanks. I 741 00:44:10,360 --> 00:44:12,040 Speaker 1: love them too. I have to say that I'm quite 742 00:44:12,080 --> 00:44:15,400 Speaker 1: disappointed in them because the female co host, Jackie, found 743 00:44:15,440 --> 00:44:19,080 Speaker 1: out about your podcasts and took the piss on the air. 744 00:44:19,360 --> 00:44:23,880 Speaker 1: And I think that's Australian for gave us a hard time. Um, 745 00:44:24,160 --> 00:44:26,080 Speaker 1: gave us the business, gave us a business, and then 746 00:44:26,080 --> 00:44:28,520 Speaker 1: proceeded to share the information you gave in a podcast 747 00:44:29,200 --> 00:44:32,359 Speaker 1: if you want to hear it from the June eighth episode. Um, 748 00:44:32,520 --> 00:44:35,200 Speaker 1: and it is a podcast as well, about twelve minutes in. 749 00:44:35,400 --> 00:44:37,520 Speaker 1: It's actually about nine minutes in, and they talked about 750 00:44:37,560 --> 00:44:42,120 Speaker 1: us for about six minutes. What did they say, Well, Um, 751 00:44:42,160 --> 00:44:46,520 Speaker 1: here's here's I hope JACKIEO was listening. You seem awesome, 752 00:44:46,600 --> 00:44:49,200 Speaker 1: Jackie Oh, because she seems she's sort of made fun 753 00:44:49,200 --> 00:44:51,759 Speaker 1: of us, you know that when nds and stuff like that, 754 00:44:52,360 --> 00:44:55,000 Speaker 1: and that we just ramble. But she you could tell 755 00:44:55,080 --> 00:44:56,799 Speaker 1: she was getting to the show because she even said, 756 00:44:56,800 --> 00:44:59,840 Speaker 1: I'm starting to get addicted and she starts reciting facts 757 00:44:59,840 --> 00:45:02,840 Speaker 1: from the show. Too late for you, JACKIEO. This Kyle 758 00:45:02,920 --> 00:45:06,880 Speaker 1: guy is the equivalent of one of our morning radio 759 00:45:06,920 --> 00:45:08,880 Speaker 1: show hosts here in States. Does he have like one 760 00:45:08,920 --> 00:45:10,759 Speaker 1: of those bike horns that he squeaks a lot? He 761 00:45:10,840 --> 00:45:13,120 Speaker 1: might as well. He's he's like asking about the show, 762 00:45:13,160 --> 00:45:15,359 Speaker 1: and she's like, well, you know, like how color works, 763 00:45:15,400 --> 00:45:17,080 Speaker 1: and he's like, how cat I wax, Like, what do 764 00:45:17,080 --> 00:45:19,399 Speaker 1: you mean? He said, pencil's yella, I want to buy 765 00:45:19,400 --> 00:45:23,040 Speaker 1: a yellow pencil? Podcast over Oh yeah. That was like, 766 00:45:23,160 --> 00:45:29,680 Speaker 1: clearly this guy's not on our team. Well, I don't 767 00:45:29,719 --> 00:45:32,239 Speaker 1: want to he's I don't know, team Chuck. Okay, I 768 00:45:32,280 --> 00:45:35,319 Speaker 1: don't want to insult the guy. He insulted us. He 769 00:45:35,400 --> 00:45:37,799 Speaker 1: certainly didn't seem to get it that there could be 770 00:45:37,840 --> 00:45:41,680 Speaker 1: more to color than as a yellow pencil. That was 771 00:45:41,719 --> 00:45:45,200 Speaker 1: a pretty good uh oh man, what was the guy? 772 00:45:45,280 --> 00:45:49,200 Speaker 1: What was the band manager from Fly of the concordse name? Mary? Yeah, 773 00:45:49,239 --> 00:45:52,640 Speaker 1: doesn't good Murray. I love that show. Kyle equals Murray, 774 00:45:53,080 --> 00:45:56,479 Speaker 1: so h Kyle's just doesn't get it. Um he said 775 00:45:56,480 --> 00:45:59,239 Speaker 1: it sounded awful. They played a bit of it, oh yeah, 776 00:45:59,320 --> 00:46:01,680 Speaker 1: and talked about it a lot. I don't remember licensing 777 00:46:01,719 --> 00:46:03,680 Speaker 1: that to them. Well, and at the end she she 778 00:46:03,760 --> 00:46:05,800 Speaker 1: basically said, you know what I'll do is keep listening. 779 00:46:05,840 --> 00:46:07,960 Speaker 1: And then what they say in forty five minutes I 780 00:46:08,000 --> 00:46:09,800 Speaker 1: can just break down for you, guys, and three or 781 00:46:09,840 --> 00:46:12,719 Speaker 1: four minutes of bullet points. Okay, I'm pretty sure that 782 00:46:12,840 --> 00:46:15,680 Speaker 1: Kyle and Jackie have just started in international flame war 783 00:46:15,760 --> 00:46:21,080 Speaker 1: with us. Uh, so to continue the email. Oh yeah, 784 00:46:21,120 --> 00:46:23,440 Speaker 1: they clearly don't get it, guys, So let me apologize 785 00:46:23,480 --> 00:46:26,959 Speaker 1: on behalf of your other Aussie fans. Uh. You guys 786 00:46:26,960 --> 00:46:28,520 Speaker 1: have added so much to the quality of my life, 787 00:46:28,560 --> 00:46:30,279 Speaker 1: and I credit you both forgetting me through periods of 788 00:46:30,520 --> 00:46:33,640 Speaker 1: intense anxiety where I could not function without having you 789 00:46:33,680 --> 00:46:35,600 Speaker 1: both in my head distracting me from my own thoughts. 790 00:46:35,719 --> 00:46:39,000 Speaker 1: I can guarantee you Kyle has never been told that. No, 791 00:46:39,840 --> 00:46:41,560 Speaker 1: I still adore you now that I'm better, and I 792 00:46:41,640 --> 00:46:45,080 Speaker 1: can safely press pause sometimes without even hyperventilating. Thank you 793 00:46:45,120 --> 00:46:46,799 Speaker 1: for all you do. Please never stop doing it. And 794 00:46:46,840 --> 00:46:49,840 Speaker 1: that is Laura. Thank you Laura. And she said, PS, 795 00:46:49,880 --> 00:46:51,319 Speaker 1: I went on a date with a guy last week. 796 00:46:51,360 --> 00:46:53,480 Speaker 1: You looked exactly like Chuck, and I have to admit 797 00:46:53,560 --> 00:46:55,680 Speaker 1: that is the main reason I agreed to go. Did 798 00:46:55,719 --> 00:47:00,160 Speaker 1: he sound like Chuck? Wink wink? Three? X is is 799 00:47:00,160 --> 00:47:03,800 Speaker 1: that hugs your kisses? Uh? That is up for debate, 800 00:47:03,840 --> 00:47:09,879 Speaker 1: But I say xes or kisses and ohs are hugs Yeah, 801 00:47:10,160 --> 00:47:11,759 Speaker 1: asked her how the date went. She was like, well, 802 00:47:11,800 --> 00:47:14,920 Speaker 1: I'm not going on a date number two, so it's like, 803 00:47:15,000 --> 00:47:17,920 Speaker 1: well they can all be me right. We had a 804 00:47:17,960 --> 00:47:20,080 Speaker 1: good ill be chuck. We need a T shirt that 805 00:47:20,120 --> 00:47:23,320 Speaker 1: says that they can all. Hats off to you, Jackie O, 806 00:47:23,400 --> 00:47:27,000 Speaker 1: because you seem to get it, um clearly, my lady. 807 00:47:27,160 --> 00:47:29,440 Speaker 1: Oh wait, Jackie Oh, I thought you were talking about 808 00:47:29,800 --> 00:47:32,840 Speaker 1: no Laura. Laura definitely gets it right. Jackie O seems 809 00:47:32,880 --> 00:47:35,480 Speaker 1: to get it. She's starting to it. Does not get it. 810 00:47:35,719 --> 00:47:38,000 Speaker 1: I don't think Kyle ever will Man and I'm okay 811 00:47:38,040 --> 00:47:41,200 Speaker 1: with that me too. Uh. If you want to tell 812 00:47:41,280 --> 00:47:45,040 Speaker 1: us about how somebody in your locality is talking smack 813 00:47:45,080 --> 00:47:48,480 Speaker 1: about us or not getting us or whatever, or you 814 00:47:48,520 --> 00:47:50,560 Speaker 1: just want to say hi, you can tweet to us 815 00:47:50,560 --> 00:47:52,920 Speaker 1: at s y s K podcast. You can join us 816 00:47:52,920 --> 00:47:55,640 Speaker 1: on Facebook dot com, slash stuff you Should Know. You 817 00:47:55,640 --> 00:47:57,759 Speaker 1: can send us an email to stuff podcasts at how 818 00:47:57,800 --> 00:48:00,160 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com and has always joined us her 819 00:48:00,200 --> 00:48:07,400 Speaker 1: home on the web, Stuff you Should Know dot com. 820 00:48:07,440 --> 00:48:09,959 Speaker 1: For more on this and thousands of other topics, visit 821 00:48:10,000 --> 00:48:18,480 Speaker 1: how stuff Works dot com