WEBVTT - How Woolly Mammoths Worked 0:00:00.280 --> 0:00:03.880 This episode of Stuff You Should Know is sponsored by Squarespace. 0:00:04.120 --> 0:00:06.640 Whether you need a landing page, a beautiful gallery of 0:00:06.720 --> 0:00:10.160 professional blogger, an online store, it's all possible with the 0:00:10.200 --> 0:00:13.960 square Space website. Go to squarespace dot com and set 0:00:14.000 --> 0:00:18.800 your website apart. Welcome to you Stuff you Should Know 0:00:19.400 --> 0:00:28.280 Frondhouse Stuff Works dot Com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. 0:00:28.320 --> 0:00:31.000 I'm Josh Clark with Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and there's 0:00:31.080 --> 0:00:33.519 Jerry over there. So this is Stuff you should Know 0:00:36.400 --> 0:00:39.560 before you started. I want to say best of luck 0:00:40.159 --> 0:00:44.200 to mind. You means wonderful, great best friends Brandon and Laurel, 0:00:44.240 --> 0:00:46.960 who are at this moment in the delivery room blow 0:00:47.520 --> 0:00:50.920 Laurel's water broke. They're expecting their firstborn child. Wow. So 0:00:51.000 --> 0:00:52.959 by the time this releases, it will be like six 0:00:53.040 --> 0:00:55.960 years old. Yeah, pretty much, because we we have a 0:00:56.000 --> 0:01:00.680 six year Yeah, so good luck guys. It's great. Yeah. 0:01:00.720 --> 0:01:03.000 You should tell him that personally so they actually hear this. 0:01:03.120 --> 0:01:07.760 I recorded it. That's enough. They'll give what they get 0:01:07.800 --> 0:01:14.160 and be happy with it. Yeah. You you uh excited 0:01:14.200 --> 0:01:17.840 about willy mammoths? I am you? Are you not? I 0:01:17.959 --> 0:01:21.759 think it's I think they're wonderful, wily anything plus also 0:01:21.840 --> 0:01:27.200 like a wooly mammoth. They were. They were sweet, good natured. 0:01:27.520 --> 0:01:30.080 They could take a joke at their own expense, but 0:01:30.360 --> 0:01:33.399 they weren't self deprecating. They just you know, had a 0:01:33.400 --> 0:01:36.920 good sense of humor. Yeah, anything related to an elephant, 0:01:37.760 --> 0:01:39.720 okay in my book, Yeah, I agreed. I have a 0:01:39.800 --> 0:01:43.960 very big love for that animal. Well, it's a big animal, 0:01:44.360 --> 0:01:46.360 deserves a lot of love, and they're just wonderful in 0:01:46.440 --> 0:01:50.000 every way that they grieve over their dead. Oh God, 0:01:50.240 --> 0:01:53.880 there's this one story about Domini. I believe it's the 0:01:53.960 --> 0:01:59.120 name of the elephant that um. I think he or 0:01:59.200 --> 0:02:02.480 she was a zoo and had like a best friend, 0:02:03.160 --> 0:02:06.520 and the best friend died and this elephant could not 0:02:06.600 --> 0:02:09.079 get over it, and she died of I think the 0:02:09.160 --> 0:02:11.520 zoo keepers like, she died of a broken heart. You 0:02:11.560 --> 0:02:14.760 can't take that she she grieved herself to death. Um. 0:02:14.800 --> 0:02:16.519 And I think the story is even more tragic than that. 0:02:16.639 --> 0:02:19.000 I'm not doing it justice, but just go go research 0:02:19.080 --> 0:02:21.919 Domini the elephant d A m A N. I You're like, whatever, 0:02:21.960 --> 0:02:25.600 it's kind of funny, right, he'll tickle your ribs. I 0:02:25.639 --> 0:02:27.160 don't know if I did it justice. Did it come 0:02:27.160 --> 0:02:33.360 across as funny stupid elephant? Well, you know what's even 0:02:34.040 --> 0:02:37.239 cuter than a wooly mammoth? Oh yeah, Well, what's cuter 0:02:37.320 --> 0:02:40.359 than an elephant is an elephant with hair. So that's 0:02:40.360 --> 0:02:43.240 a wily mammoth, okay, or a mastodon, as we'll talk 0:02:43.240 --> 0:02:46.519 about a little bit. Those are different, totally different. Yeah, 0:02:46.560 --> 0:02:49.160 but they have hair. Not as much, yeah, but they 0:02:49.200 --> 0:02:50.880 have hair. Yeah, but you wouldn't look at it and 0:02:50.919 --> 0:02:53.200 be like, oh, that's wooly. You just be like, that's 0:02:53.320 --> 0:02:56.880 kind of hairy, yeah, stubborly. But the only thing cuter 0:02:57.360 --> 0:03:01.440 than a hairy elephant is a tiny hairry elephant. And 0:03:01.520 --> 0:03:03.880 there was a place, well there still is a place 0:03:04.480 --> 0:03:08.320 called Wrangel Island and they don't have them anymore. But 0:03:08.360 --> 0:03:12.680 at one point, not too long ago, in the grand 0:03:12.680 --> 0:03:17.160 scheme of you know, the history of everything, right, uh, 0:03:17.240 --> 0:03:22.040 the Wrangel Island mammoths roamed the earth. And they are 0:03:23.280 --> 0:03:26.120 how tall are they? Like human height? Right at the shoulder? 0:03:26.160 --> 0:03:29.400 They were four to six ft tall. Oh man, So yeah, 0:03:29.480 --> 0:03:31.880 it's like a mini wooly mammoth, give me one. And 0:03:31.880 --> 0:03:35.000 they were directly descended from the wooly mammoths they just 0:03:35.120 --> 0:03:37.600 ended up on this island, and the island is pretty good. 0:03:37.640 --> 0:03:40.240 Size is the size of Delaware from what I understand. 0:03:41.200 --> 0:03:43.800 But that's small enough. But that's small enough, well for 0:03:43.840 --> 0:03:46.640 an island, you know, but it's small enough that that 0:03:46.680 --> 0:03:50.800 they became dwarf. They went under that. Um what's that 0:03:50.880 --> 0:03:54.840 process called where a population lands on an island and 0:03:54.880 --> 0:03:58.080 it immediately begins to diminish in size. I don't know, 0:03:58.120 --> 0:04:00.880 I haven't heard of that island fever, something weird like that. 0:04:01.000 --> 0:04:03.880 Because they wanted to ride the roller coasters on the way, 0:04:03.880 --> 0:04:05.560 you'd have to be bigger. Maybe they were scared of 0:04:05.640 --> 0:04:07.800 roller coasters, That's what I meant. They're like, we're getting 0:04:07.840 --> 0:04:10.400 out of here and we're gonna shrink, so we couldn't 0:04:10.440 --> 0:04:14.480 possibly go on a roller coaster. But they butchered that one. 0:04:14.680 --> 0:04:17.120 They were around for you, butcher them like a Wrangel 0:04:17.200 --> 0:04:22.640 Island wooly mammoth. So they were around, uh until about 0:04:22.640 --> 0:04:26.840 three thousand years ago, something like thirty years ago. I 0:04:26.880 --> 0:04:28.920 think they were the last of their kind. Were on 0:04:29.040 --> 0:04:32.760 Wrangle Island in six b C. And dude, by that time, 0:04:33.240 --> 0:04:36.360 the pyramids were already a thousand years old. Like people, 0:04:36.920 --> 0:04:43.000 they shared territory with people, but most I shouldn't say most, 0:04:43.279 --> 0:04:46.000 A lot of the wooly mammoths, especially the ones that 0:04:46.120 --> 0:04:48.320 lived at the end of the Place of Steem place 0:04:48.440 --> 0:04:51.720 to scene. That's a tough one to say that scene, 0:04:51.760 --> 0:04:54.120 is it not. Yes, I think that's right, but I 0:04:54.120 --> 0:04:57.040 always want to like take continents and switch them around 0:04:57.120 --> 0:05:01.360 and shuffle it up. Well, you're an anarchist, yeah, especially 0:05:01.360 --> 0:05:05.120 with words. Um, I even hate the word anarchists. You 0:05:05.240 --> 0:05:10.520 call it anarchist. Yeah, yeah, but uh, I mean that 0:05:10.640 --> 0:05:15.640 threw me off. Sorry, Yeah, man, what was I saying? Oh? Yeah, 0:05:15.760 --> 0:05:19.000 they did coexist with humans. Yeah, Like it's the one 0:05:19.040 --> 0:05:21.760 thing the flint Stones were right about. When you see 0:05:21.760 --> 0:05:24.560 a big willy mammoth in Fred flint Stone, that was 0:05:24.720 --> 0:05:28.000 entirely possible that the dinosaurs, the Brnos source all that 0:05:28.080 --> 0:05:31.120 stuff just fantasy. And if that wily mammoth on the 0:05:31.120 --> 0:05:35.680 flint Stones was used to watch a car or some 0:05:35.760 --> 0:05:40.000 other household chore, completely real, right. Yeah. They were very 0:05:40.000 --> 0:05:42.320 helpful in addition to having a great sense of humor. 0:05:42.960 --> 0:05:44.960 They would help you out around the house. That was 0:05:45.000 --> 0:05:47.560 one of my favorite parts of The flint Stones. I 0:05:47.600 --> 0:05:49.880 remember when I was a kid watching that and just 0:05:49.920 --> 0:05:52.960 being so tickled every time a bird's beak was used 0:05:52.960 --> 0:05:55.280 to play a record, and they were always just like 0:05:55.320 --> 0:05:57.920 so willingly, like just tilt me down and I'll play 0:05:57.960 --> 0:06:00.240 your record. Yeah, I love that stuff. And then every 0:06:00.279 --> 0:06:02.040 once in a a while but they would thank the animal 0:06:02.080 --> 0:06:08.440 and the animal be like oh man, most of the days. 0:06:08.560 --> 0:06:14.160 So the Wrangel Island mammoths for around until about years ago, um, 0:06:14.200 --> 0:06:17.000 and they survived the extinction of the rest of the 0:06:17.040 --> 0:06:20.400 mammoths about four thousand years earlier. Right, Yeah, And if 0:06:20.440 --> 0:06:22.840 we're talking, like if you look at the dinosaurs, they 0:06:23.080 --> 0:06:25.760 left us sixty five million years ago, So this is 0:06:25.800 --> 0:06:31.080 all very recent stuff. Like people hunted wooly mammoths and 0:06:31.600 --> 0:06:34.440 ate them and use their bones and tusks and wore 0:06:34.480 --> 0:06:40.440 their skin, I imagine, and uh not worshiped well we 0:06:40.480 --> 0:06:43.040 don't really know for sure, but at least revered them 0:06:43.200 --> 0:06:46.040 enough to put them in their cave art. Uh. So 0:06:46.160 --> 0:06:47.640 this is all kind of really cool stuff to me. 0:06:47.680 --> 0:06:49.880 We know a lot about them compared to a lot 0:06:49.920 --> 0:06:53.320 of other extinct species, right, but where they went remains 0:06:53.320 --> 0:06:57.480 a mystery a bit. Yeah, I mean it's definitely not definitive, 0:06:57.920 --> 0:07:00.200 and there's a lot of theories. But there's really they 0:07:00.240 --> 0:07:06.040 melted remember that one? Yeah, what was that from? It 0:07:06.120 --> 0:07:08.279 was from one of our earlier podcasts. That was my 0:07:08.360 --> 0:07:12.400 personal theory on like where like the proto humans one 0:07:12.480 --> 0:07:14.640 or something. I don't even know they melted. Yeah, I 0:07:14.680 --> 0:07:17.880 forgot all about that. That's an old one. And not 0:07:17.960 --> 0:07:21.280 only that, my friend, but um, we have they have 0:07:21.440 --> 0:07:26.800 like relatives, distant cousins still roaming the earth today because 0:07:26.800 --> 0:07:29.280 if you look at the African bush and the African 0:07:29.280 --> 0:07:34.400 forest elephants and the Asian elephant actually the closest, it's 0:07:34.520 --> 0:07:39.280 very close. Yeah not, I mean it's close and distant. 0:07:39.680 --> 0:07:45.560 If that makes sense, It doesn't. How do you mean? Well, 0:07:45.600 --> 0:07:47.840 I mean it's close enough to say it's the closest relative. 0:07:47.880 --> 0:07:50.800 But they're still distant cousins. You know, they don't have 0:07:50.840 --> 0:07:53.000 the hair or the high sloping back or the curly 0:07:53.080 --> 0:07:57.880 tusk right or yeah with the finger like grippers. Yeah yeah, um, 0:07:57.920 --> 0:08:00.360 but they're still pretty close close enough that some mad 0:08:00.440 --> 0:08:04.360 scientists are like Wickham resurrect wooly Mammoth's using the Asian 0:08:04.400 --> 0:08:08.679 elephant because we have DNA right like when they found 0:08:09.520 --> 0:08:12.000 and they have found a lot of these carcasses. Some 0:08:12.000 --> 0:08:16.400 some of them really intact. I mean enough, like there's 0:08:16.600 --> 0:08:20.440 brain and bone and blood and uh yeah, basically the 0:08:20.440 --> 0:08:24.320 whole thing. It's just the slightly mummified so there's like 0:08:24.400 --> 0:08:27.840 water loss. Other than that, it's all there. Like there's 0:08:27.880 --> 0:08:31.000 one called um man this is tough word to say, 0:08:31.040 --> 0:08:34.560 and there's another another continent Switchero. My brain wants to 0:08:34.559 --> 0:08:38.640 pull liuba it means love in Russian. Was just a 0:08:38.679 --> 0:08:42.280 little guy, yeah, the little baby. Yeah, this was not 0:08:42.440 --> 0:08:45.800 a miniature. It was actually a calf right, It was 0:08:45.840 --> 0:08:49.920 a baby baby wooly mammoth um. I think maybe like 0:08:49.920 --> 0:08:51.960 a month old or something like that. But it was 0:08:52.040 --> 0:08:56.400 still die. Yeah. And and then in lifness would have 0:08:56.440 --> 0:09:00.440 weighed about um a hundred a hundred kilos or two 0:09:01.160 --> 0:09:05.440 pounds now a hundred pounds fifty kilos. That's missing half 0:09:05.440 --> 0:09:08.400 of its um weight and water while it was alive 0:09:08.640 --> 0:09:12.360 when you'd want to pick it up and now now 0:09:12.400 --> 0:09:14.160 you just kind of patted on the head and be 0:09:14.280 --> 0:09:16.679 like you stay over there. Yeah. When was that found? 0:09:16.679 --> 0:09:19.920 Two thousand seven? Yeah, and um it was found perfectly 0:09:19.920 --> 0:09:25.400 preserved because apparently she had been colonized by a um 0:09:25.640 --> 0:09:30.640 uh some sort of lactic acid producing bacteria that effectively 0:09:30.720 --> 0:09:33.600 pickled her. So it preserved her, but it also made 0:09:33.640 --> 0:09:39.160 her very unappetizing scavengers too. She tasted weird, right, So, um, 0:09:39.200 --> 0:09:42.360 she's a really good example of a wooly mammoth. And 0:09:42.400 --> 0:09:45.360 I can't remember how many tens of thousands of years 0:09:45.360 --> 0:09:48.480 old she is, but she's pretty old. So we do 0:09:48.559 --> 0:09:53.120 have this access to all these great specimens, and they've 0:09:53.160 --> 0:09:56.880 figured out that about the shelf life of viable DNA 0:09:57.040 --> 0:10:00.640 is a million years So there's plenty of wooly ammoths 0:10:00.679 --> 0:10:03.400 that who's DNA we have access to that's much younger 0:10:03.440 --> 0:10:06.920 than a million years old. And yeah, we'll talk about it. 0:10:06.960 --> 0:10:09.120 But some people are like, let's bring them back, let's 0:10:09.200 --> 0:10:14.240 de extinct them. Yeah, tricky territory. Oh yeah, but so 0:10:14.320 --> 0:10:18.480 Willie mammoth pretty cute. It's not a sabretooth tiger, right, 0:10:19.080 --> 0:10:22.120 that's not tricky. You just don't do that. But the 0:10:22.160 --> 0:10:23.440 kind of the long and the short of all this, 0:10:23.520 --> 0:10:27.760 with the distant cousins and all of the uh preserved 0:10:27.800 --> 0:10:31.640 carcasses we found is that we have a really robust 0:10:31.679 --> 0:10:34.480 picture of how these things lived and what they were like. 0:10:35.040 --> 0:10:37.440 And um, I guess we'll take a break here and 0:10:37.440 --> 0:10:40.680 we'll get a little bit into their you know, they're 0:10:40.760 --> 0:10:43.480 nine to five. Job, we'll go back to the mammoth world. 0:11:01.679 --> 0:11:04.280 All right. So if you picture in your mind a 0:11:04.320 --> 0:11:09.440 wooly mammoth, you might think, all right, frozen waste land. 0:11:10.559 --> 0:11:16.400 Uh and like Siberia, Right, they just eat like snow Wrong, 0:11:16.480 --> 0:11:20.560 snow cones. That's wrong. I'm sure they appreciated again, snow cone. 0:11:21.480 --> 0:11:24.560 They like Italian nights more than the snow cone. They're 0:11:24.559 --> 0:11:28.280 a little more European. But what was actually going on 0:11:28.400 --> 0:11:30.880 is they were they were trotting upon land what was 0:11:30.920 --> 0:11:35.640 called a mammoth step st e p pe mm hmm, 0:11:36.679 --> 0:11:41.440 not the step variety. Sure there's an extra p. Yeah, 0:11:41.520 --> 0:11:46.439 like a steppy boy. It's not pronounced steppi is it? No? Okay, No, 0:11:46.800 --> 0:11:50.200 when you first encountered the word, it is uh. And 0:11:50.320 --> 0:11:55.040 this is this was basically it was sort of a 0:11:55.160 --> 0:11:58.400 unique time in the in the history of planet Earth 0:11:58.480 --> 0:12:02.319 in that it was rich. These areas were rich with 0:12:02.640 --> 0:12:07.320 stuff for them to eat, just like overloaded with vegetation. Yeah. 0:12:07.400 --> 0:12:10.760 One thing, were veggie eaters. Yeah, they were, they were 0:12:10.880 --> 0:12:15.280 um actually um grassland grazers. You can call them. So 0:12:15.320 --> 0:12:20.400 they ate long um long grasses sedges, which is like 0:12:20.440 --> 0:12:24.480 a fake grass, but all intends of purposes. Yeah, they 0:12:24.480 --> 0:12:26.560 come upon a basil field. Man, it was all over 0:12:26.960 --> 0:12:31.560 like oh man, it's Italian night. So um, they ate 0:12:31.600 --> 0:12:37.560 grasses and they were herbivores and they ate this pretty 0:12:37.600 --> 0:12:41.240 specific diet and it certainly wasn't snow based and it 0:12:41.320 --> 0:12:43.520 was definitely cooler, which is I think another reason why 0:12:43.520 --> 0:12:50.440 people think, um they they they lived in a frozen wasteland. Well, 0:12:50.440 --> 0:12:53.120 because they needed that coat, they did. And the reason 0:12:53.120 --> 0:12:55.600 why is because they were living in the Pleistocene, which 0:12:55.640 --> 0:13:00.000 was definitely it was a series of ice ages, right. Um, 0:13:00.000 --> 0:13:02.120 so it was colder. It's like five to ten degrease 0:13:02.160 --> 0:13:08.440 celsius colder than it is globally now. But the the 0:13:08.440 --> 0:13:12.160 whole ecosystem was just utterly different than what it is today. 0:13:12.320 --> 0:13:14.680 So like if you did manage to bring back Willy 0:13:14.760 --> 0:13:17.200 Mammoth and you put him on the Siberian step, they'd 0:13:17.240 --> 0:13:20.160 be like, well, I'm going to starve. There's nothing here 0:13:20.160 --> 0:13:22.400 for me to eat. Things have changed. If you put 0:13:22.440 --> 0:13:26.440 them in Arizona or New Mexico or someplace where it 0:13:26.520 --> 0:13:30.360 might kind of look the same with the shrubbery and 0:13:30.400 --> 0:13:34.320 brush and grasses. Uh, they would say, no, I can't 0:13:34.320 --> 0:13:36.880 live here either, kind of die here too. It's too hot. 0:13:37.040 --> 0:13:40.760 Why did you bring me back? Really didn't think this through, 0:13:41.440 --> 0:13:44.920 that's right. But what you also had, though, is a 0:13:44.960 --> 0:13:47.720 pretty nice I mean, it was colder, but it was 0:13:47.760 --> 0:13:49.800 it was kind of nice weather for a wily mammoth. 0:13:50.400 --> 0:13:53.559 It was the sea levels had dropped, so it exposed 0:13:53.600 --> 0:13:55.800 all this great land for them to roam, and it 0:13:55.880 --> 0:14:01.720 was very breezy and clear and kind of lovely, easy, freezy, beautiful, easy, breezy, 0:14:01.760 --> 0:14:06.600 beautiful for wooly mammoth. Yeah. Because again, well we'll talk 0:14:06.640 --> 0:14:09.040 about their coat. Actually, we can talk about it right now. 0:14:09.280 --> 0:14:12.160 So their coat was, um, are you familiar with a 0:14:12.240 --> 0:14:15.800 musk ox? Oh? Yeah, it was like that. It was 0:14:15.840 --> 0:14:19.640 like a skirt of long hair. But beneath that was 0:14:20.560 --> 0:14:24.080 wooly undercoat that really kept them warm. Yeah, the outer coat, 0:14:24.320 --> 0:14:26.160 and we've talked about a lot of mammals, most of 0:14:26.200 --> 0:14:29.480 them have like layers of different kinds of fur. But um, 0:14:29.520 --> 0:14:31.720 the outer coat was the guard for and then under 0:14:31.800 --> 0:14:36.120 like you said, was the the wooly undercoat. And below 0:14:36.160 --> 0:14:39.040 that they had an inch of skin, very oily, and 0:14:39.160 --> 0:14:41.640 below that they had three to four inches of fat 0:14:42.720 --> 0:14:45.160 and all of this stuff made them nice and cozy 0:14:45.160 --> 0:14:50.560 and warm. But they were de delicious to eat man 0:14:51.000 --> 0:14:58.000 oily skin inches of fat. Yeah, I'm just gonna ignore that, 0:14:58.080 --> 0:15:01.640 all right, Uh, twenty hours a day they spent eating, 0:15:02.840 --> 0:15:05.920 I guess, fattening themselves up for for me, for you. 0:15:07.920 --> 0:15:09.600 So they would just roam around and eat man and 0:15:09.640 --> 0:15:12.760 get along with each other. They were you know, I 0:15:12.840 --> 0:15:15.160 was about to say peaceful, which they kind of were 0:15:15.240 --> 0:15:17.960 unless they were infringed upon. And you don't want to 0:15:17.960 --> 0:15:21.320 mess with the willie mammoth alone, right, No, they they 0:15:21.360 --> 0:15:23.600 This article puts it that in a standing fight they 0:15:23.640 --> 0:15:28.320 could take all commerce. They were definitely like they could 0:15:28.360 --> 0:15:32.200 defend themselves. And for the most part, apparently the major 0:15:32.240 --> 0:15:36.280 predators of the day um would not have taken a 0:15:36.280 --> 0:15:41.040 healthy adult mammothon. They would have like maybe followed a 0:15:41.120 --> 0:15:44.920 herd because the mammoth's um you were. If you saw 0:15:44.920 --> 0:15:47.600 a single mammoth, it was a male, or if you 0:15:47.600 --> 0:15:50.680 saw a herd of them, it was females and calves 0:15:50.920 --> 0:15:53.200 female calves, yeah right, or it could be male calves 0:15:53.440 --> 0:15:57.120 or nursing still before they went off on their own teenager. 0:15:57.160 --> 0:16:00.000 They sent them off pretty young though, I think maybe 0:16:00.160 --> 0:16:05.400 starting when they were teenagers. Um. And either way, no 0:16:06.200 --> 0:16:10.960 short faced bear or sabretooth tiger is going to take 0:16:11.000 --> 0:16:12.920 on one of these guys by themselves. It would be 0:16:12.960 --> 0:16:18.760 like a calf that fell behind yeah, um, or like 0:16:18.920 --> 0:16:22.720 uh one that was sick or dying or trapped in 0:16:22.800 --> 0:16:25.040 like a tar pit. You would leap out with your 0:16:25.040 --> 0:16:29.400 clob spear, my knife and fork and have dinner my 0:16:29.560 --> 0:16:33.840 napkin tied around my neck. Uh. And they were they did, 0:16:34.120 --> 0:16:36.960 you know, share their their area with these fearsome creatures 0:16:37.040 --> 0:16:40.480 like the sabretooth tiger. And there was actually something called 0:16:40.560 --> 0:16:44.240 a wooly rhinoceros, which is exactly what you think it is. Yeah, 0:16:44.320 --> 0:16:45.880 I'll bet you would not want to mess with that. 0:16:46.640 --> 0:16:50.080 I'd want to scratch him behind the ear. Oh, rhinocero. 0:16:50.160 --> 0:16:53.000 I are tough and mean. I know. That's the problem 0:16:53.000 --> 0:16:55.160 with me. As I see these things, and I think, 0:16:56.000 --> 0:16:58.720 like a big tiger, I think all that guy needs 0:16:58.800 --> 0:17:01.000 is he looks like my Yeah, you know you should 0:17:01.040 --> 0:17:03.680 not go a little just to give him a good 0:17:03.680 --> 0:17:05.840 scratch behind the ear. And they're like, oh, well, I 0:17:05.920 --> 0:17:07.800 kind of like this guy, he's not up to get me. 0:17:07.920 --> 0:17:10.600 That's not what they do, I know. But that's why 0:17:10.640 --> 0:17:14.000 I don't take Safari's I'd be the dope that you 0:17:14.040 --> 0:17:17.320 know tried to pet the cheetah. Oh my god, did 0:17:17.359 --> 0:17:19.520 you see the video of the woman who got out 0:17:19.560 --> 0:17:22.000 of her car in a tiger preserve and was like 0:17:23.080 --> 0:17:26.480 the just like a it's like a like a security camera, 0:17:27.119 --> 0:17:30.080 so it's a steady shot. And I don't know what 0:17:30.119 --> 0:17:32.640 the lady was doing out of the car. I think 0:17:32.680 --> 0:17:36.840 maybe in China, and she's just standing there one second, 0:17:36.880 --> 0:17:38.440 then all of a sudden, the tiger comes in frame 0:17:38.440 --> 0:17:40.880 and just pulls her right out of frame. And then 0:17:40.920 --> 0:17:46.040 like her sister and husband get out of the car, 0:17:46.440 --> 0:17:48.359 and I think her sister was killed as well, and 0:17:48.400 --> 0:17:51.000 the husband like just runs back and dives into the car. 0:17:51.960 --> 0:17:54.760 But what were they doing out of the car, And 0:17:54.840 --> 0:17:57.240 like this huge tiger at least the size of the 0:17:57.280 --> 0:18:00.200 woman just comes and just grabs her. Was nuts, well, 0:18:00.280 --> 0:18:02.520 really disturbing. Yeah, I don't want to see that. Then 0:18:02.680 --> 0:18:06.080 you probably shouldn't. You'd still be like I'd still pet 0:18:06.119 --> 0:18:10.320 that tiger. No, I wouldn't pet that tiger. You put 0:18:10.359 --> 0:18:13.320 that another one. What was the name of the grizzly Man, 0:18:13.520 --> 0:18:18.920 Timothy tread Well or Treadway. I think tread well Man. Yeah, 0:18:19.000 --> 0:18:24.280 that was a disturbing The best you should that was 0:18:24.320 --> 0:18:28.600 the best part was a terrible You should narrate everything. 0:18:29.240 --> 0:18:34.440 He should. He should do every commercial, voice over, every documentary, 0:18:34.760 --> 0:18:37.480 just you name it. He should do this podcast. They 0:18:37.520 --> 0:18:40.359 should go back and redo the voiceover the Alec Baldwin 0:18:40.400 --> 0:18:45.639 did for the Royal. Tannon bombs Burner put a different 0:18:45.680 --> 0:18:48.880 spin on things. I think Royal was born in the avenue. 0:18:50.440 --> 0:18:54.240 Now that's a good herzog. It's not bad. All you 0:18:54.240 --> 0:18:55.639 have to do is try and do it like an 0:18:55.640 --> 0:19:02.159 evil mad german scientist or something. Colonel clink Colonel clink um, 0:19:02.280 --> 0:19:05.760 where were we? We were talking about how um they 0:19:05.800 --> 0:19:09.200 could defend themselves. You'd still want to pet him, and 0:19:09.240 --> 0:19:11.199 they'd probably be okay with you petting them. They just 0:19:11.280 --> 0:19:17.119 accidentally trample you. Yeah, exactly. Elephant. Uh, those little calves 0:19:17.200 --> 0:19:20.280 were born in the springtime. Uh. And here's something that 0:19:20.320 --> 0:19:23.080 will come into factor later when they were wiped from 0:19:23.119 --> 0:19:26.639 the planet. They have a very long gestation period. It's 0:19:26.680 --> 0:19:30.600 twenty two months, so you know they're not pumping out 0:19:30.640 --> 0:19:33.840 these calves with great regularity. It takes a long time, 0:19:34.280 --> 0:19:37.080 almost two years. Yeah, that's that's a while. So they 0:19:37.080 --> 0:19:41.840 would have been impregnated I guess, uh summer, late summer 0:19:42.000 --> 0:19:45.359 a year previous, and then born in the spring because 0:19:46.320 --> 0:19:48.480 they adapted to do that because there was more to eat, 0:19:50.080 --> 0:19:53.960 you know. Yeah, that makes sense. It's like, it's lovely. 0:19:54.080 --> 0:19:57.840 There's stuff blooming everywhere. Look at that basil field and 0:19:57.960 --> 0:20:04.199 so it We don't know exactly what they're society was like, 0:20:04.359 --> 0:20:08.320 but just based on modern elephants, paleontologists have surmised that 0:20:08.680 --> 0:20:12.879 they were very social. Most likely. There's mammoth track ways 0:20:12.960 --> 0:20:17.399 that we've found fossilized footprints UM that show a number 0:20:17.480 --> 0:20:21.119 of mammoths walking side by side and amongst one another 0:20:21.600 --> 0:20:27.240 UM and they're clearly different size footprints. So there's different 0:20:27.280 --> 0:20:30.720 generations all walking together, which would indicate that they probably 0:20:30.760 --> 0:20:34.399 have similar societies to elephants. Right, the dead and stuff 0:20:34.400 --> 0:20:37.720 like that. Yeah, defend their dead, grieve over them, man, 0:20:37.880 --> 0:20:42.639 it's really tough. UM. And that they probably came together 0:20:43.080 --> 0:20:47.040 in annual migrations, although the evidence for that is still lacking. 0:20:47.680 --> 0:20:50.159 And if they did migrate, I think I saw somewhere 0:20:50.160 --> 0:20:52.679 that they probably didn't go more than four miles. So 0:20:52.760 --> 0:20:55.840 still that's I don't go more than four dred miles 0:20:55.840 --> 0:20:59.080 when I walk. I don't either anymore, So hats off 0:20:59.119 --> 0:21:02.679 to the manuths are walking that far. When they would 0:21:02.760 --> 0:21:08.440 go into heat the female, Like many mammals and many animals, 0:21:08.440 --> 0:21:12.480 there would be a competition of sorts among the men, uh, everywhere, 0:21:12.560 --> 0:21:15.840 from you know, puffing their chest out and flaunting to 0:21:16.800 --> 0:21:19.560 just straight up fighting with one another. I guess if 0:21:19.600 --> 0:21:21.840 times were tough, there weren't a lot of ladies around. 0:21:22.480 --> 0:21:24.800 And and that is a lot like the modern elephant 0:21:24.840 --> 0:21:27.600 as well. Uh. And and that they had what's called 0:21:27.600 --> 0:21:34.159 a must gland u s t not musk, which is 0:21:34.200 --> 0:21:40.439 easy to say, must must. It's even when you've been 0:21:40.520 --> 0:21:42.480 drinking a lot. I don't know that's exactly what it 0:21:42.480 --> 0:21:46.399 sounds like. Or if you're Cindy Brady right, or if 0:21:46.400 --> 0:21:52.360 you're missing a tooth right, Oh yeah, you're getting psyched. 0:21:53.040 --> 0:21:56.439 I am getting psyched. And I'm also I was like, 0:21:56.520 --> 0:21:58.880 can I just get it done before this, Like I'm 0:21:58.880 --> 0:22:01.639 going to Paris for three it's for God's sakes. And 0:22:01.680 --> 0:22:03.159 I was reading about Paris and they're like, if you 0:22:03.160 --> 0:22:05.760 don't want to stand out, you know, Americans are kind 0:22:05.760 --> 0:22:08.800 of if you want to blend in American French or preasons, 0:22:08.880 --> 0:22:12.000 kind of chic, like you know, you should you know, 0:22:12.119 --> 0:22:15.240 clean cut, and you know you shouldn't wear T shirts 0:22:15.240 --> 0:22:18.360 and shorts and tenny shoes. And it's like, man, I'm 0:22:18.359 --> 0:22:22.040 going to be the most American dude. They're you might 0:22:22.040 --> 0:22:24.120 as well just go with it, where like there's nothing 0:22:24.200 --> 0:22:26.399 chic about me. Yeah, just walk around your me and 0:22:26.560 --> 0:22:29.080 these and an ill fitting T shirt and flip flops 0:22:29.080 --> 0:22:32.080 is like born in the USA T shirt? Yeah exactly, yeah, yeah, 0:22:32.560 --> 0:22:35.119 with an American eagle on your head. Yeah, and on 0:22:35.160 --> 0:22:40.680 the back it says have you seen my tooth? They're 0:22:40.720 --> 0:22:47.440 gonna love you. Yeah, we'll see. Well, we're also going 0:22:47.480 --> 0:22:50.840 to the land of bad dentistry? So or is that 0:22:50.880 --> 0:22:52.800 in the UK? They're gonna welcome us with me with 0:22:52.840 --> 0:22:55.719 open arms. Oh yeah, they're gonna be like he's one 0:22:55.760 --> 0:22:58.200 of us. Is that a thing still? I thought? No, 0:22:58.359 --> 0:23:00.960 I'm sure it's gotten better, but it's still a joke 0:23:01.040 --> 0:23:03.119 that we can make. Oh god, I think so, or 0:23:03.200 --> 0:23:06.040 Mike Myers can We'll find out we have no idea, 0:23:06.080 --> 0:23:09.040 how our humor is gonna go over there probably fall flat. 0:23:09.320 --> 0:23:13.600 I we'll see um. All right, So there they have 0:23:13.680 --> 0:23:18.359 the musk gland and that secretes a fluid which um. 0:23:18.800 --> 0:23:22.000 And I think that just sort of it says here 0:23:22.040 --> 0:23:25.199 it establishes their higher they're mating hierarchy there. It's like 0:23:25.240 --> 0:23:29.680 a pheromone gland. Yeah, so whoever has the musk not 0:23:29.920 --> 0:23:33.280 must oh desecrete musk. I'm sure you could call it that, 0:23:35.080 --> 0:23:39.960 or it secretes must Let's talk about their tusks, because 0:23:40.000 --> 0:23:46.119 here's something I didn't know. The tusks actually have evolved 0:23:46.320 --> 0:23:49.639 from their incisors. And then I mean it makes perfect sense. 0:23:50.320 --> 0:23:56.720 It's like Lisa Simpson with that um where she didn't 0:23:56.760 --> 0:23:59.760 have a dental plan, so like her tooth was gonna 0:23:59.800 --> 0:24:02.720 grow up through her. Remember that they have like a 0:24:02.720 --> 0:24:07.040 projection or something. Yeah remember that? Uh yeah, that's exactly 0:24:07.040 --> 0:24:11.159 what it's like. Actually these outward Yeah, and they twist around. 0:24:11.160 --> 0:24:13.560 You know, if you've seen pictures of mammoths before, if not, 0:24:13.640 --> 0:24:16.119 look one up and it's not like a standard just 0:24:16.200 --> 0:24:19.840 curby elephant tusk. It's just beautiful the way it swoops around. Yeah, 0:24:20.119 --> 0:24:22.159 and I believe like they could get up to like 0:24:22.240 --> 0:24:27.720 sixteen ft long. It's enormous. That's a big tusk. Uh. 0:24:27.760 --> 0:24:30.119 And we'll talk a little more about how they were used. 0:24:30.160 --> 0:24:32.840