1 00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:06,680 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind from how Stuff 2 00:00:06,680 --> 00:00:13,920 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. 3 00:00:13,960 --> 00:00:16,840 Speaker 1: My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Julie Douglas. And Julie, 4 00:00:16,840 --> 00:00:18,840 Speaker 1: I kind of want to kick off today's podcast with 5 00:00:18,880 --> 00:00:22,880 Speaker 1: a quote from the Tina Day. Yes, yeah, from her 6 00:00:22,960 --> 00:00:26,360 Speaker 1: book Bossy Pants. No, not at all. I would love 7 00:00:26,400 --> 00:00:30,800 Speaker 1: to here it is okay. Yes, this is a wonderful quote. 8 00:00:31,280 --> 00:00:33,879 Speaker 1: She says, at a certain point, your body wants to 9 00:00:33,880 --> 00:00:37,880 Speaker 1: be disgusting. While your teens and twenties were about identifying 10 00:00:37,960 --> 00:00:41,560 Speaker 1: and emphasizing your best features, your late thirties and forties 11 00:00:41,600 --> 00:00:45,159 Speaker 1: are about fighting back decay. We all mentally prepare ourselves 12 00:00:45,240 --> 00:00:47,600 Speaker 1: for wrinkles, but wrinkles are not the problem. It's the 13 00:00:47,680 --> 00:00:51,880 Speaker 1: unexpected groceries. For example, your mouth, Dear God, your mouth, 14 00:00:51,960 --> 00:00:54,800 Speaker 1: no matter how diligent you are about brushing and flossing, 15 00:00:55,120 --> 00:00:57,680 Speaker 1: which is never diligent enough for that show off, dental 16 00:00:57,760 --> 00:01:00,840 Speaker 1: hygenis of yours. At some point, you start waking up 17 00:01:00,880 --> 00:01:03,160 Speaker 1: every day with a mouth that smells like a snail 18 00:01:03,440 --> 00:01:06,360 Speaker 1: left in the sun. You can fix it as soon 19 00:01:06,400 --> 00:01:08,720 Speaker 1: as you get up. You brush and use mouth wash. 20 00:01:08,800 --> 00:01:11,360 Speaker 1: But there's something about knowing you woke up with hot 21 00:01:11,480 --> 00:01:16,600 Speaker 1: mothball mouth that makes you feel old. I think God 22 00:01:16,640 --> 00:01:19,280 Speaker 1: designed our mouths to die first to help us slowly 23 00:01:19,280 --> 00:01:22,040 Speaker 1: transition to the grave. But I'm a big believer in 24 00:01:22,040 --> 00:01:24,680 Speaker 1: intelligent design, and by that I mean I love Akida. 25 00:01:26,160 --> 00:01:27,720 Speaker 1: It's a great quote because she really gets to the 26 00:01:27,720 --> 00:01:31,440 Speaker 1: heart of the matter, right, Yeah. Yeah, because especially as 27 00:01:31,440 --> 00:01:34,720 Speaker 1: we're living longer, our our mouths are kind of dying first, 28 00:01:35,720 --> 00:01:38,440 Speaker 1: and then after our mouth dies, other things start to 29 00:01:38,480 --> 00:01:41,839 Speaker 1: die as well, all these various components that give out, 30 00:01:42,400 --> 00:01:45,000 Speaker 1: like like the brake pads in a in a car 31 00:01:45,120 --> 00:01:47,520 Speaker 1: after you know, however, many thousands of miles. And this 32 00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:49,800 Speaker 1: has been weighing heavy in our mind because of course 33 00:01:49,800 --> 00:01:54,160 Speaker 1: we've been doing research into longevity. Yeah, and we just 34 00:01:54,200 --> 00:01:59,480 Speaker 1: did a podcast on the whole birthday candles thing. Yeah, 35 00:01:59,600 --> 00:02:01,240 Speaker 1: and it is it is like a car that the 36 00:02:01,320 --> 00:02:03,480 Speaker 1: longer it goes, the more you're gonna have to replace 37 00:02:03,600 --> 00:02:06,200 Speaker 1: this bit and this bit and and how do we 38 00:02:06,240 --> 00:02:08,919 Speaker 1: do it? Right? Well, it turns out that you can 39 00:02:08,960 --> 00:02:12,200 Speaker 1: probably grow your own organs at some point and just 40 00:02:12,440 --> 00:02:14,560 Speaker 1: pop them into the microwave exactly. And that's what we're 41 00:02:14,560 --> 00:02:16,280 Speaker 1: gonna be talking about. In this podcast, and it gets 42 00:02:16,400 --> 00:02:20,800 Speaker 1: really crazy. I mean it's just really mind blowing stuff. Um, 43 00:02:20,840 --> 00:02:23,239 Speaker 1: but let's let's start with the mouth that Dies first. 44 00:02:23,680 --> 00:02:26,680 Speaker 1: To quote that. Yeah, and that's a by the way, 45 00:02:26,680 --> 00:02:29,639 Speaker 1: that's an awesome book, Bossy Pants for anybody who's a 46 00:02:29,680 --> 00:02:34,239 Speaker 1: Tina fe fan. Like, we are so growing teeth, growing 47 00:02:34,280 --> 00:02:36,680 Speaker 1: new teeth. Now, obviously we go through the we have 48 00:02:36,720 --> 00:02:40,000 Speaker 1: the baby teeth that come out, we lose those. Most 49 00:02:40,040 --> 00:02:42,200 Speaker 1: of us. I think we have one of our coworker 50 00:02:42,240 --> 00:02:45,839 Speaker 1: still has all of their baby teeth. Really yeah, that's 51 00:02:47,480 --> 00:02:51,200 Speaker 1: I have one, but it really all yeah really yeah, 52 00:02:51,240 --> 00:02:53,399 Speaker 1: it's hanging on because I just made that up about 53 00:02:53,440 --> 00:02:55,440 Speaker 1: the person with all their baby teeth. Oh, I was like, 54 00:02:55,760 --> 00:02:57,680 Speaker 1: maybe that's just like it was a rumor that just 55 00:02:57,720 --> 00:03:01,040 Speaker 1: got really you know, circulated and out of hand. There. Wait, 56 00:03:01,080 --> 00:03:03,400 Speaker 1: so I don't know much about baby pee teeth. Apparently 57 00:03:03,480 --> 00:03:06,160 Speaker 1: you can you can keep one of them. You're allowed 58 00:03:07,000 --> 00:03:08,880 Speaker 1: as long as it's hanging out there, and it's fine. 59 00:03:08,919 --> 00:03:11,720 Speaker 1: I don't have an adult tooth under it. Yeah, so 60 00:03:11,800 --> 00:03:14,760 Speaker 1: there you go. Well, hang in there, baby tooth. But anyway, 61 00:03:14,800 --> 00:03:16,200 Speaker 1: most of us lose all these. Then we grow these 62 00:03:16,200 --> 00:03:18,519 Speaker 1: adult teeth. But then that's it. These teeth have to 63 00:03:18,639 --> 00:03:21,399 Speaker 1: last you your entire life, and if they fall out, 64 00:03:21,440 --> 00:03:22,959 Speaker 1: then you just you have to replace them with like 65 00:03:23,040 --> 00:03:26,760 Speaker 1: denters and various it's a ridge work, or you can 66 00:03:26,800 --> 00:03:29,080 Speaker 1: go old school with the wooden. As I say, you 67 00:03:29,080 --> 00:03:31,639 Speaker 1: could carve your own yeah, you know, if you're a woodworker. 68 00:03:32,080 --> 00:03:34,920 Speaker 1: But it turns out that that this piece of vital 69 00:03:35,560 --> 00:03:39,160 Speaker 1: bone that we need right could possibly be replicated. Yeah, 70 00:03:39,240 --> 00:03:41,640 Speaker 1: the the the age is coming, and in some respect 71 00:03:41,680 --> 00:03:43,800 Speaker 1: it's already here. When you could when we can grow 72 00:03:43,960 --> 00:03:47,119 Speaker 1: new teeth. Don't ask your dinners about it yet. We're 73 00:03:47,120 --> 00:03:48,840 Speaker 1: not we're not. We're not there yet. But but just 74 00:03:49,160 --> 00:03:51,400 Speaker 1: like a little background in some of the crazy and 75 00:03:51,480 --> 00:03:55,320 Speaker 1: bizarre stuff that we've done. Um, alright, so grow when 76 00:03:55,360 --> 00:03:58,360 Speaker 1: you grow teeth naturally in your head, you have toothbuds 77 00:03:58,480 --> 00:04:01,680 Speaker 1: or primordia. Okay, And these consist of two types of cells, 78 00:04:02,320 --> 00:04:07,880 Speaker 1: um um epithelial and mezzan Schimmel cells. All right. So 79 00:04:07,920 --> 00:04:09,960 Speaker 1: back in two thousand four, a team at King's College, 80 00:04:10,000 --> 00:04:13,760 Speaker 1: London took epitherial cells from six weeks old mice, and 81 00:04:13,960 --> 00:04:16,360 Speaker 1: they also took some of their bone marrow stem cells 82 00:04:16,640 --> 00:04:19,920 Speaker 1: to replicate the other toothbud cell they were able to 83 00:04:19,960 --> 00:04:24,440 Speaker 1: create like an artificial toothbud, all right. And then after 84 00:04:24,520 --> 00:04:27,960 Speaker 1: three days they transferred this material to the kidneys of 85 00:04:28,000 --> 00:04:30,760 Speaker 1: other mice where they grew into intact teeth, to the 86 00:04:30,839 --> 00:04:33,000 Speaker 1: kidneys in the inside the kidney, so they had like 87 00:04:33,000 --> 00:04:35,120 Speaker 1: a mouse kidney growing teeth. And then the real kicker 88 00:04:35,200 --> 00:04:37,080 Speaker 1: was they were able to take that material then and 89 00:04:37,120 --> 00:04:39,960 Speaker 1: actually put it into the jaw of an adult mouse. 90 00:04:40,160 --> 00:04:42,640 Speaker 1: I'm sorry, I'm just still thinking about like the hag 91 00:04:42,760 --> 00:04:46,839 Speaker 1: is tooth you know, Yeah, Like, isn't haggas is you know, 92 00:04:46,880 --> 00:04:49,240 Speaker 1: prepared with all the different like the kidney and the 93 00:04:49,240 --> 00:04:53,200 Speaker 1: liver and the traditional Scottish delicacy. Yes, yes, And so 94 00:04:53,279 --> 00:04:55,760 Speaker 1: I'm just thinking, like this hag is two things stuffed 95 00:04:55,800 --> 00:04:59,960 Speaker 1: in in the body cavity. Well and luckily this is 96 00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:01,560 Speaker 1: of very This was this was early you know, this 97 00:05:01,640 --> 00:05:04,280 Speaker 1: was back in two thousand four and two thousand nine, um. 98 00:05:04,320 --> 00:05:06,800 Speaker 1: And actually there's a blog about this speck. When this happened. 99 00:05:07,240 --> 00:05:09,200 Speaker 1: Us team from Oregon they published a paper on the 100 00:05:09,200 --> 00:05:11,919 Speaker 1: possible of growing teeth in a lab, So, you know, 101 00:05:11,920 --> 00:05:14,320 Speaker 1: getting kind of like vat grown teeth are like, all right, 102 00:05:14,320 --> 00:05:16,040 Speaker 1: I kind of pictured it as a garden of teeth 103 00:05:17,800 --> 00:05:21,760 Speaker 1: popping up. And then you know, and then in two 104 00:05:21,760 --> 00:05:26,440 Speaker 1: thousand ten, Columbia University Medical Center team unveiled a this 105 00:05:26,600 --> 00:05:30,200 Speaker 1: this really off awesome growth factor and fuse three dimensional 106 00:05:30,279 --> 00:05:33,600 Speaker 1: scaffold and this is Yeah, we're gonna be talking a 107 00:05:33,640 --> 00:05:35,560 Speaker 1: lot about this, but this, if you look at it, 108 00:05:35,600 --> 00:05:38,600 Speaker 1: basically looks like somebody knitted a little tooth. Like it 109 00:05:38,640 --> 00:05:40,600 Speaker 1: looks like it's made out of some sort of fiber 110 00:05:40,680 --> 00:05:44,200 Speaker 1: or something. And we use this to regenerate tissue like 111 00:05:44,240 --> 00:05:47,440 Speaker 1: an action to to regenerate an actual tooth, and just 112 00:05:47,560 --> 00:05:51,119 Speaker 1: around nine weeks so they direct the body's own stem 113 00:05:51,160 --> 00:05:54,240 Speaker 1: cells onto the scaffolding and once the stem cells have 114 00:05:54,400 --> 00:05:57,520 Speaker 1: colonized the scaffold, the tooth can grow into the socket 115 00:05:57,520 --> 00:06:00,000 Speaker 1: and merge with the with the surrounding tissue in your mouth. 116 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:03,840 Speaker 1: Off see that. I think it is amazing. And that's 117 00:06:03,880 --> 00:06:05,679 Speaker 1: just sort of the tip of the iceberg, right because 118 00:06:05,680 --> 00:06:10,000 Speaker 1: the same process is being used for organs. Yeah, and 119 00:06:10,240 --> 00:06:12,640 Speaker 1: I should point out though, talking about all this work 120 00:06:12,640 --> 00:06:15,719 Speaker 1: it takes to potentially grow another tit is this really 121 00:06:15,800 --> 00:06:17,640 Speaker 1: drives home and this has come from the sun of 122 00:06:17,640 --> 00:06:21,800 Speaker 1: a dentist. But take care of those teeth because even 123 00:06:21,839 --> 00:06:24,200 Speaker 1: if they are, if technology is getting to the point 124 00:06:24,200 --> 00:06:26,279 Speaker 1: where you're these are not the teeth you have for 125 00:06:26,320 --> 00:06:28,560 Speaker 1: life that you could potentially grow another one. Look at 126 00:06:28,560 --> 00:06:29,919 Speaker 1: all that work you're gonna have to go to to 127 00:06:29,960 --> 00:06:31,880 Speaker 1: do it, when maybe you should maybe I don't know, 128 00:06:32,040 --> 00:06:34,279 Speaker 1: just not eat as much candy. Yeah, true, when when 129 00:06:34,279 --> 00:06:38,480 Speaker 1: it eventually hits the market is not going to be inexpensive, right, Yeah, 130 00:06:38,720 --> 00:06:41,880 Speaker 1: initially I can't imagine. So I would hate to see 131 00:06:41,920 --> 00:06:44,800 Speaker 1: people be like, grow new teeth all right past the skittles, 132 00:06:44,800 --> 00:06:48,400 Speaker 1: because yeah, that's right. That really sets up a good 133 00:06:48,880 --> 00:06:51,720 Speaker 1: I think basis for what we're talking about, which is 134 00:06:51,839 --> 00:06:54,600 Speaker 1: again creating your own organs. And there's a guy named 135 00:06:54,640 --> 00:06:57,159 Speaker 1: Anthony Atala. He is the director of the Wake Forest 136 00:06:57,240 --> 00:07:00,560 Speaker 1: Institute for Regenerative Medicine, which is a huge field right. 137 00:07:00,680 --> 00:07:04,160 Speaker 1: His work focuses on growing and regenerating tissues and organs, 138 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:06,480 Speaker 1: and in two thousand and seven, Italian in a team 139 00:07:06,480 --> 00:07:09,440 Speaker 1: of Harvard University researchers showed that stem cells can be 140 00:07:09,480 --> 00:07:14,200 Speaker 1: harvested from the amniotic fluid of pregnant women and also 141 00:07:14,240 --> 00:07:16,160 Speaker 1: from the pant as well. This is important because those 142 00:07:16,160 --> 00:07:19,840 Speaker 1: stem cells are not rejected by the body, and they 143 00:07:19,960 --> 00:07:23,800 Speaker 1: tend not to develop into tumors. So those are two 144 00:07:23,880 --> 00:07:26,240 Speaker 1: important factors when you're going to introduce it seforign into 145 00:07:26,280 --> 00:07:28,120 Speaker 1: your body. Now, it's important to stress here that when 146 00:07:28,160 --> 00:07:30,440 Speaker 1: we're talking about the human body regenerating, we're not talking 147 00:07:30,480 --> 00:07:33,800 Speaker 1: about magic here. I mean, there are plenty of examples 148 00:07:33,800 --> 00:07:38,680 Speaker 1: of regeneration in other creatures sanders salamander. Of course, our 149 00:07:38,720 --> 00:07:42,040 Speaker 1: bones regenerate every ten weeks, our skin every two weeks. 150 00:07:42,440 --> 00:07:45,800 Speaker 1: And there's a great, great line from the author Horoki 151 00:07:45,880 --> 00:07:49,040 Speaker 1: Horki Mirakami, who you know, author of the wind Up 152 00:07:49,040 --> 00:07:52,640 Speaker 1: Bird Chronicle. He's a big, big Japanese author. But he 153 00:07:52,880 --> 00:07:55,840 Speaker 1: he says, the body cells replace themselves every month. Even 154 00:07:55,880 --> 00:07:58,240 Speaker 1: at this very moment, most everything you think you know 155 00:07:58,320 --> 00:08:02,480 Speaker 1: about me is nothing more than race. H nice, but 156 00:08:02,600 --> 00:08:06,080 Speaker 1: there are limits, right, right, like even using um But 157 00:08:06,120 --> 00:08:08,720 Speaker 1: I believe Anthony points out that you can use a 158 00:08:08,800 --> 00:08:13,200 Speaker 1: smart biomaterials to bridge one centimeter gaps, right, And when 159 00:08:13,240 --> 00:08:15,920 Speaker 1: he talks about biomaterial he's talking about something that that 160 00:08:16,040 --> 00:08:20,120 Speaker 1: looks to the naked eye, like maybe material from a blouse. Yeah, 161 00:08:20,200 --> 00:08:23,400 Speaker 1: you know, tiny little postage stamp. Yeah, I mean exactly, 162 00:08:23,520 --> 00:08:27,440 Speaker 1: And so that's helping to bridge the tissue and to 163 00:08:27,600 --> 00:08:29,560 Speaker 1: try to get the cells in the blood supply to 164 00:08:29,600 --> 00:08:32,079 Speaker 1: reach each other in order to regenerate, right, something that 165 00:08:32,120 --> 00:08:34,319 Speaker 1: you wouldn't normally be able to do yourself. Yeah, kind 166 00:08:34,320 --> 00:08:37,719 Speaker 1: of like a tiny splint or something. Yeah. Yeah, And 167 00:08:37,800 --> 00:08:39,559 Speaker 1: that was That's such a tiny bit though, of what 168 00:08:39,679 --> 00:08:42,840 Speaker 1: he's actually doing, right. He actually prefers to use organ 169 00:08:42,960 --> 00:08:46,679 Speaker 1: specific cells from the person receiving a transplant or repairing 170 00:08:46,720 --> 00:08:50,000 Speaker 1: an injury when he's trying to do larger projects. Again, 171 00:08:50,320 --> 00:08:53,800 Speaker 1: the stem cells from placenta and amnionic food, they contain 172 00:08:53,880 --> 00:08:57,520 Speaker 1: those those optimal stem cells. And if you're a woman 173 00:08:57,559 --> 00:08:59,719 Speaker 1: who has ever been pregnant, then you probably have even 174 00:08:59,760 --> 00:09:02,000 Speaker 1: seen literature about whether or not you want to bank 175 00:09:02,559 --> 00:09:05,160 Speaker 1: your blood cord because actually you could use your own 176 00:09:05,160 --> 00:09:07,800 Speaker 1: stem cells if you wanted to later on down the road. Again, 177 00:09:07,880 --> 00:09:09,880 Speaker 1: that's not going to be any new news for for 178 00:09:10,000 --> 00:09:12,800 Speaker 1: women who have undergone pregnancy. My most clinical way of 179 00:09:12,960 --> 00:09:15,760 Speaker 1: saying that gotten prayers getting locked up. Yeah. But what 180 00:09:15,880 --> 00:09:17,640 Speaker 1: the really cool thing is is that he has something 181 00:09:17,720 --> 00:09:20,760 Speaker 1: called a bioreactor, And I'll get to that in a moment. 182 00:09:20,880 --> 00:09:23,679 Speaker 1: This is something that basically is a box that you 183 00:09:23,800 --> 00:09:26,760 Speaker 1: throw all of this material in and you can create 184 00:09:27,400 --> 00:09:30,000 Speaker 1: an actual organ down the road. This is the the oven, right, 185 00:09:30,240 --> 00:09:33,040 Speaker 1: this is the oven organ oven, which when we do 186 00:09:33,280 --> 00:09:35,280 Speaker 1: when we release this podcast, will make sure that on 187 00:09:35,320 --> 00:09:38,120 Speaker 1: the House to Works blogs we have some embedded video 188 00:09:38,760 --> 00:09:42,040 Speaker 1: in the blog post because there's some awesome footage of 189 00:09:42,160 --> 00:09:44,040 Speaker 1: the stuff that we're about to talk about. Yeah. Yeah, 190 00:09:44,040 --> 00:09:47,560 Speaker 1: it's basically like your easy bake oven for for self. Um, 191 00:09:47,720 --> 00:09:52,600 Speaker 1: but what are the settings on that easy bake oven? Um? Toasty, um, 192 00:09:52,840 --> 00:09:55,480 Speaker 1: soft in the metal. Yeah, well, I think more advanced. 193 00:09:55,679 --> 00:09:57,040 Speaker 1: But you know, by the time this comes out, maybe 194 00:09:57,040 --> 00:09:58,640 Speaker 1: the organs will be more I mean, the ovens will 195 00:09:58,640 --> 00:10:02,719 Speaker 1: be more advanced and you'll have specific buttons for heart kidney. Well, yeah, 196 00:10:02,720 --> 00:10:04,880 Speaker 1: and we'll we'll actually there there's something we'll talk about 197 00:10:04,880 --> 00:10:07,160 Speaker 1: it a little bit that that um is very similar 198 00:10:07,240 --> 00:10:09,400 Speaker 1: to that. But he's taking the tissue samples and then 199 00:10:09,440 --> 00:10:12,000 Speaker 1: he incubates cells on a scaffold which we talked about before, 200 00:10:12,480 --> 00:10:14,400 Speaker 1: and then he's putting it in this machine and then 201 00:10:14,440 --> 00:10:17,079 Speaker 1: the machine stretches the cell so that they begin to 202 00:10:17,160 --> 00:10:20,240 Speaker 1: get a muscle memory of expanding and contracting, so that 203 00:10:20,320 --> 00:10:23,480 Speaker 1: once you put this into the human body that knows 204 00:10:23,640 --> 00:10:26,760 Speaker 1: what to do. Um. And then the scaffolding is placed 205 00:10:26,800 --> 00:10:29,199 Speaker 1: into the patient and disintegrate. Let me touch face on 206 00:10:29,240 --> 00:10:31,560 Speaker 1: the scaffolding again. Um. Like I said, it looks kind 207 00:10:31,600 --> 00:10:33,440 Speaker 1: of like something that's knitted. If you get down close, 208 00:10:33,480 --> 00:10:35,599 Speaker 1: it looks like some sort of a nano structure, and 209 00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:38,320 Speaker 1: to a certain extent it is. But it's made generally 210 00:10:38,360 --> 00:10:42,400 Speaker 1: made of something like collagen or some polyesters that when 211 00:10:42,440 --> 00:10:45,120 Speaker 1: it's composed of something more natural, and then there's some 212 00:10:45,320 --> 00:10:49,040 Speaker 1: less natural materials. But the idea is that it's it's 213 00:10:49,080 --> 00:10:51,280 Speaker 1: kind of like if you had stitches that were absorbed 214 00:10:51,320 --> 00:10:53,679 Speaker 1: back into your skin. You know, it just it disappears. 215 00:10:53,760 --> 00:10:57,800 Speaker 1: It they it it melts away into into the body 216 00:10:57,840 --> 00:11:00,599 Speaker 1: once its purpose is gone. Yeah, scaffold thing, you know. 217 00:11:00,640 --> 00:11:03,679 Speaker 1: I initially you think of like a man painting, you know, 218 00:11:03,679 --> 00:11:05,760 Speaker 1: a while high up. But this is just a it's 219 00:11:05,800 --> 00:11:09,920 Speaker 1: a structure, right allows it to have this three D formation. Yeah, 220 00:11:10,000 --> 00:11:12,679 Speaker 1: and you basically the idea is it's it's it's kind 221 00:11:12,679 --> 00:11:14,520 Speaker 1: of like paper mache where you have like a scaffold 222 00:11:15,080 --> 00:11:16,719 Speaker 1: and then you put the paper mache over it and 223 00:11:16,800 --> 00:11:19,600 Speaker 1: you have this and then you have the form except 224 00:11:19,600 --> 00:11:21,760 Speaker 1: instead of bits of newspaper that have been dipped in 225 00:11:21,840 --> 00:11:26,800 Speaker 1: what glue, it's the cells. Yeah, absolutely. And then to 226 00:11:26,880 --> 00:11:29,240 Speaker 1: get back to the bioreactor. Two, this is this box 227 00:11:29,280 --> 00:11:31,280 Speaker 1: that they're they're placing it in the little oven, the 228 00:11:31,360 --> 00:11:33,640 Speaker 1: easy bake oven. It has the same conditions as a 229 00:11:33,720 --> 00:11:36,760 Speaker 1: human body. It's eight nine point six degrees fahrenheit with 230 00:11:37,880 --> 00:11:43,440 Speaker 1: oxygen and yeah, yeah, and actually the ted dot com 231 00:11:43,559 --> 00:11:47,440 Speaker 1: talk featuring Anthony I tell it shows them taking trying 232 00:11:47,480 --> 00:11:50,920 Speaker 1: to create digits. Actually, and they show them taking it 233 00:11:51,040 --> 00:11:54,240 Speaker 1: out of the bioreactor and then basting it with more cells. 234 00:11:54,679 --> 00:11:57,040 Speaker 1: And at this point I believe that what you're seeing 235 00:11:57,320 --> 00:12:00,640 Speaker 1: is the bones of the fingers and and that the 236 00:12:00,760 --> 00:12:04,200 Speaker 1: soft tissue on top of it. And it is amazing, amazing. 237 00:12:04,240 --> 00:12:08,160 Speaker 1: In fact, you see them working with with muscles, like exercising, 238 00:12:08,280 --> 00:12:11,719 Speaker 1: stretching them. You see them working on blood vessels with 239 00:12:11,840 --> 00:12:14,160 Speaker 1: this kind of tubular scaffolding looks kind of like the 240 00:12:14,240 --> 00:12:18,199 Speaker 1: Chinese finger thing, except you're you know, much smaller and 241 00:12:18,600 --> 00:12:21,439 Speaker 1: like even like an ear if they're working with just 242 00:12:21,600 --> 00:12:24,559 Speaker 1: like growing an ear. Yeah. Stuff. Again, it's just so 243 00:12:24,720 --> 00:12:27,000 Speaker 1: surreal to see these things coming out of the oven. 244 00:12:27,320 --> 00:12:29,320 Speaker 1: There's the ear um. And one of the coolest things 245 00:12:29,360 --> 00:12:31,559 Speaker 1: that they engineered a kidney um and by the way 246 00:12:32,400 --> 00:12:34,640 Speaker 1: of transplant, patients are waiting for kidney so this is 247 00:12:34,679 --> 00:12:36,840 Speaker 1: pretty important. Oh wait, wait, we should do the bladder first. 248 00:12:37,200 --> 00:12:40,439 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, bladder was was pretty crazy because it's the 249 00:12:40,480 --> 00:12:42,800 Speaker 1: first thing you touched on. It was like whoa because 250 00:12:43,120 --> 00:12:46,280 Speaker 1: because blood vessels, all right, but but an actual bladder um. 251 00:12:46,360 --> 00:12:49,000 Speaker 1: And it was interesting because you have like the scaffolding, right, 252 00:12:49,480 --> 00:12:52,679 Speaker 1: and there are two cell components. There's the the the 253 00:12:52,800 --> 00:12:56,679 Speaker 1: inside lining cells and then the outside muscular cells. So 254 00:12:56,800 --> 00:12:59,119 Speaker 1: you have to basically paint the inside of the scaffolding 255 00:12:59,440 --> 00:13:02,240 Speaker 1: with the finding cells and sculpture in a way. Right, 256 00:13:02,320 --> 00:13:03,920 Speaker 1: It's almost like you've got the wire mesh but the 257 00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:08,160 Speaker 1: meshes the scaffolding. Yeah, like sculpture, except the piece you're 258 00:13:08,200 --> 00:13:11,600 Speaker 1: creating will hold only urine and it will go inside. 259 00:13:11,800 --> 00:13:16,880 Speaker 1: Somebody's now doing Damian Hurst. Yeah, yeah, paging you. That's 260 00:13:17,000 --> 00:13:19,240 Speaker 1: I mean, that's very cool. And did you have any 261 00:13:19,280 --> 00:13:22,240 Speaker 1: other thoughts on the pladder? Just said it's awesome, Yeah, 262 00:13:22,480 --> 00:13:24,920 Speaker 1: in general, And he also mentioned that like they had 263 00:13:25,160 --> 00:13:28,160 Speaker 1: they had different sizes and he made a joke. He 264 00:13:28,280 --> 00:13:30,400 Speaker 1: was joking about like, oh, we we ended up using 265 00:13:30,800 --> 00:13:32,800 Speaker 1: a small medium in large, and I bet everybody would 266 00:13:32,840 --> 00:13:35,160 Speaker 1: like the large, which was funny, but it but it 267 00:13:35,280 --> 00:13:38,720 Speaker 1: really underlines something that will probably ramble on about here 268 00:13:38,720 --> 00:13:40,120 Speaker 1: in a minute. But at what point you get to 269 00:13:40,240 --> 00:13:42,800 Speaker 1: choose with your new organs if you do grow an organ? 270 00:13:43,080 --> 00:13:46,679 Speaker 1: Well yeah, And initially though they were doing pretty precise 271 00:13:47,760 --> 00:13:50,920 Speaker 1: like custom custom bladders for people, and then they when 272 00:13:50,960 --> 00:13:52,920 Speaker 1: they started doing in a larger scale, they just started 273 00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:55,920 Speaker 1: doing the sort of one size fits all, depending or 274 00:13:55,960 --> 00:13:58,080 Speaker 1: not one size fits all, but the small medium in large. 275 00:13:58,200 --> 00:14:00,480 Speaker 1: So yeah, it's a good question, Like I don't know, 276 00:14:00,679 --> 00:14:02,520 Speaker 1: because you know, you know how that works out in 277 00:14:02,559 --> 00:14:07,000 Speaker 1: your clothing sometimes, you know, small medium, large is different 278 00:14:07,080 --> 00:14:09,880 Speaker 1: in different places. I don't know what I'm saying there, 279 00:14:09,920 --> 00:14:11,280 Speaker 1: but you know what I'm saying because it makes me 280 00:14:11,360 --> 00:14:13,760 Speaker 1: think of if anybody out there has ever watched the 281 00:14:13,960 --> 00:14:17,800 Speaker 1: TV show technically a kids TV show, Invader Zim, there 282 00:14:17,840 --> 00:14:19,920 Speaker 1: is an episode called Dark Harvest where Zim is this 283 00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:22,920 Speaker 1: little alien Boy's an animated show. Uh, this little alien 284 00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:25,440 Speaker 1: who's who's pretending to be a boy in elementary school 285 00:14:25,720 --> 00:14:27,520 Speaker 1: and he's not very good at taking over the earth, 286 00:14:27,560 --> 00:14:31,080 Speaker 1: so he's always hatching these ridiculous schemes, and in this one, 287 00:14:31,120 --> 00:14:33,520 Speaker 1: he's afraid that if he gets headlines, he's gonna end 288 00:14:33,600 --> 00:14:35,280 Speaker 1: up being sent to the school nurse, and the school 289 00:14:35,360 --> 00:14:38,040 Speaker 1: nurse will notice that he doesn't have human organs, and 290 00:14:38,160 --> 00:14:40,560 Speaker 1: then they'll have him, you know, he found out. So 291 00:14:40,680 --> 00:14:43,120 Speaker 1: he starts harvesting organs from all the other children in 292 00:14:43,640 --> 00:14:48,120 Speaker 1: the school, replacing those organs with random objects, uh, from 293 00:14:48,200 --> 00:14:51,200 Speaker 1: just around the school. And eventually he's just bloated with 294 00:14:51,360 --> 00:14:55,120 Speaker 1: organs because he's he's become an organ clutch. He's hoarding organs. 295 00:14:55,600 --> 00:14:57,240 Speaker 1: So is that what we might be doing one day? 296 00:14:57,440 --> 00:15:00,160 Speaker 1: Maybe you can't help, but think of like some like 297 00:15:00,320 --> 00:15:02,880 Speaker 1: really powerful like rich old dude that just has like 298 00:15:02,920 --> 00:15:06,600 Speaker 1: a whole wing of his house, yeah, devoted to to 299 00:15:06,960 --> 00:15:09,320 Speaker 1: growing spare organs. You know, like you'll have like, you know, 300 00:15:09,400 --> 00:15:12,320 Speaker 1: two or three hearts. Um, you know. On we'll be like, 301 00:15:12,360 --> 00:15:14,800 Speaker 1: here's my cooler full of all of my my backup. 302 00:15:15,080 --> 00:15:17,160 Speaker 1: And you know he won't shop off the shelf either, 303 00:15:17,240 --> 00:15:19,280 Speaker 1: and he won't go for that small meeting. We're large bladder, 304 00:15:19,280 --> 00:15:22,000 Speaker 1: it'll be customed. Oh yeah, well yeah, it'll have French 305 00:15:22,040 --> 00:15:24,520 Speaker 1: cuffs on it. But I wanted to talk a little 306 00:15:24,520 --> 00:15:27,200 Speaker 1: bit about that kidneys a little bit more. If anybody 307 00:15:27,240 --> 00:15:29,440 Speaker 1: does check out that Ted dot com video, it's very 308 00:15:29,480 --> 00:15:32,880 Speaker 1: cool because they show the miniature kidney that they created 309 00:15:33,360 --> 00:15:35,920 Speaker 1: and it's actually producing urine and it's one of the 310 00:15:35,960 --> 00:15:37,680 Speaker 1: strangest things I've seen in a while. It looks like 311 00:15:37,720 --> 00:15:40,520 Speaker 1: a surloin steak with cafeter's protruding from it and then 312 00:15:40,560 --> 00:15:42,920 Speaker 1: a bag collecting the urine. So a lot of this 313 00:15:43,080 --> 00:15:46,960 Speaker 1: is still experimental, but there is one case. Luke Massala, 314 00:15:47,080 --> 00:15:50,080 Speaker 1: he was one patient who benefited from this technology. He 315 00:15:50,280 --> 00:15:53,160 Speaker 1: was born with spina bifida, which affected his bladder and 316 00:15:53,240 --> 00:15:55,920 Speaker 1: kidneys and um at one point. By age ten, he 317 00:15:56,000 --> 00:16:00,200 Speaker 1: had undergone sixteen surgeries and was facing a life time 318 00:16:00,240 --> 00:16:04,280 Speaker 1: of dialysis when he got this experimental surgery with the 319 00:16:04,400 --> 00:16:07,160 Speaker 1: regenerated bladder, and he was among the first patients to 320 00:16:07,240 --> 00:16:10,000 Speaker 1: receive a bladder constructed with his own cells. And today 321 00:16:10,080 --> 00:16:13,080 Speaker 1: he's fine. He's a sophomore at the University of Connecticut 322 00:16:13,160 --> 00:16:16,920 Speaker 1: and he's, according to Ted dot Com, living a normal 323 00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:19,400 Speaker 1: and active lifestyle. I mean, this is really one of 324 00:16:19,440 --> 00:16:21,040 Speaker 1: the things we have to stop and stress it that 325 00:16:21,200 --> 00:16:23,080 Speaker 1: there is there, there's someone out there. There are people 326 00:16:23,120 --> 00:16:26,680 Speaker 1: out there that have organs that have been grown outside 327 00:16:26,720 --> 00:16:30,080 Speaker 1: their body and put back in. Yeah, I mean they exist. 328 00:16:30,440 --> 00:16:32,120 Speaker 1: I've been I've been in awe of that ever since 329 00:16:32,160 --> 00:16:35,280 Speaker 1: I read it that. I mean, just think of that, 330 00:16:35,560 --> 00:16:37,880 Speaker 1: that that we have reached the point where, even in 331 00:16:37,920 --> 00:16:41,280 Speaker 1: a very limited and experimental manner, we can grow an 332 00:16:41,400 --> 00:16:44,840 Speaker 1: organ outside the human body and then put it inside 333 00:16:44,880 --> 00:16:46,800 Speaker 1: the human body and it becomes a part of us. Again, 334 00:16:47,120 --> 00:16:50,560 Speaker 1: ponder that for a moment. Okay, while we take our break, 335 00:16:50,840 --> 00:16:52,680 Speaker 1: and when we get back, we're going to talk about 336 00:16:52,840 --> 00:16:55,840 Speaker 1: printing your own organs. Yes, and it says it's going 337 00:16:55,880 --> 00:17:03,160 Speaker 1: to get even more crazy. This presentation is brought to 338 00:17:03,240 --> 00:17:13,600 Speaker 1: you by Intel Sponsors of Tomorrow, and we're back oregan printing. Yeah, which, 339 00:17:13,720 --> 00:17:15,159 Speaker 1: don't you hate it? Like, you know, we live in 340 00:17:15,200 --> 00:17:17,159 Speaker 1: a big art office. Don't you hate it when you 341 00:17:17,280 --> 00:17:20,480 Speaker 1: go to the printer and somebody's printed out eighteen kidneys 342 00:17:20,520 --> 00:17:23,280 Speaker 1: and they're just lying there on on the on the calendar, 343 00:17:23,320 --> 00:17:25,240 Speaker 1: and you're like, who printed these out? They're just sitting 344 00:17:25,280 --> 00:17:28,080 Speaker 1: here going to waste. They're attracting mice. Yep. Someone puts 345 00:17:28,160 --> 00:17:32,360 Speaker 1: up a nasty note. Yeah, yeah, like hey, jerk. Next 346 00:17:32,400 --> 00:17:34,119 Speaker 1: time you print out eighteen kidneys, make sure you pick 347 00:17:34,200 --> 00:17:37,119 Speaker 1: them up. You see this in our future here at 348 00:17:37,160 --> 00:17:39,600 Speaker 1: the office. Yeah, well, I mean when we talk about 349 00:17:39,680 --> 00:17:42,240 Speaker 1: printing organs or we're not just I mean this is 350 00:17:42,359 --> 00:17:44,639 Speaker 1: literally like you are printing organs. You can take a 351 00:17:44,720 --> 00:17:48,520 Speaker 1: printer three D printer and instead of using ink jet cartridges, 352 00:17:48,600 --> 00:17:52,480 Speaker 1: you use cartridges filled with live cells which are then deposited, 353 00:17:52,640 --> 00:17:55,240 Speaker 1: and you can print a two chamber heart in forty 354 00:17:55,320 --> 00:17:58,960 Speaker 1: minutes and then four to six hours later the muscle 355 00:17:59,000 --> 00:18:03,960 Speaker 1: cells actually contract. Wow, this is this is crazy, I know, 356 00:18:04,040 --> 00:18:05,800 Speaker 1: and it's so cool to see it coming out because 357 00:18:05,800 --> 00:18:08,080 Speaker 1: it's like this little gelatinous mass coming out. It's like 358 00:18:08,119 --> 00:18:10,600 Speaker 1: you're printing with jello and three D and it's just 359 00:18:10,680 --> 00:18:14,359 Speaker 1: like each time across another layer of jello until you 360 00:18:14,440 --> 00:18:16,440 Speaker 1: have this thing and then yeah, then and then like 361 00:18:16,520 --> 00:18:19,919 Speaker 1: hours later starts pumping. Right. But as we know, if 362 00:18:20,040 --> 00:18:22,720 Speaker 1: if this ever reaches a level where we can actually 363 00:18:22,840 --> 00:18:25,200 Speaker 1: print our own organs on our home, you know it's 364 00:18:25,240 --> 00:18:26,920 Speaker 1: just going to be the crappiest printer in the world. 365 00:18:26,960 --> 00:18:30,480 Speaker 1: You have to like reprint your heart five times, keeps 366 00:18:30,480 --> 00:18:34,560 Speaker 1: getting jammed, and you're always out of whichever cellular tissue 367 00:18:34,640 --> 00:18:36,600 Speaker 1: that you use the most. The magenta, I guess, yes, 368 00:18:36,680 --> 00:18:39,600 Speaker 1: the magenta exactly. But those are really cool things that 369 00:18:39,680 --> 00:18:41,760 Speaker 1: have been happening in the last couple of years and 370 00:18:42,440 --> 00:18:46,080 Speaker 1: recently though, one of the most exciting things is something 371 00:18:46,160 --> 00:18:50,800 Speaker 1: called out of post regenerative cells and UM. I guess 372 00:18:50,840 --> 00:18:52,680 Speaker 1: you could even call this section that we're about to 373 00:18:52,680 --> 00:18:56,480 Speaker 1: talk about d I Y breasts, Yes, And the reason 374 00:18:56,720 --> 00:19:00,159 Speaker 1: is it's because what they have found research as have 375 00:19:00,240 --> 00:19:04,119 Speaker 1: found that the um parts of the body that have 376 00:19:04,240 --> 00:19:08,120 Speaker 1: adipose fat cells, right, those can actually be suctioned out 377 00:19:08,680 --> 00:19:12,119 Speaker 1: and they can be used to reform breast tissue. So 378 00:19:12,160 --> 00:19:14,760 Speaker 1: we're talking about doing a little life of section, getting 379 00:19:14,760 --> 00:19:17,840 Speaker 1: a little fat and putting it in a centrifuge and 380 00:19:17,920 --> 00:19:20,080 Speaker 1: then sorting out what you want to use, not on 381 00:19:20,240 --> 00:19:22,280 Speaker 1: the same day, right right, Yeah, that's because there's a 382 00:19:22,280 --> 00:19:25,880 Speaker 1: lot to do, right and then later once the cells 383 00:19:25,920 --> 00:19:28,040 Speaker 1: have culture and so on and so forth, you can 384 00:19:28,119 --> 00:19:30,160 Speaker 1: use us to rebuild the breast. And what you would 385 00:19:30,200 --> 00:19:32,240 Speaker 1: want to use this for, ideally is for someone who's 386 00:19:32,240 --> 00:19:34,639 Speaker 1: had a mess ectomy or maybe they have one breast 387 00:19:34,680 --> 00:19:36,480 Speaker 1: that they lost for both, but we'll talk about the 388 00:19:36,560 --> 00:19:39,040 Speaker 1: implications of this in a moment about how it's much 389 00:19:39,160 --> 00:19:41,760 Speaker 1: more than just breast tissue. I just want to mention 390 00:19:41,960 --> 00:19:45,280 Speaker 1: that the company that is doing this is called Story Therapeutics, 391 00:19:45,440 --> 00:19:48,520 Speaker 1: and the CEO, Chris Calhoun, is trying to improve on 392 00:19:48,640 --> 00:19:51,400 Speaker 1: this regenerative medicine that we're talking about, using these stem 393 00:19:51,480 --> 00:19:54,480 Speaker 1: cell enriched adipos fat to heal and rebuild injured or 394 00:19:54,520 --> 00:19:57,920 Speaker 1: damaged organs. So they took this fat and they made 395 00:19:58,000 --> 00:20:01,120 Speaker 1: this huge discovery, and the discover is that the fat 396 00:20:01,200 --> 00:20:04,959 Speaker 1: cells are actually chok full of stem cells. So they 397 00:20:05,640 --> 00:20:08,960 Speaker 1: realized that it probably had uses other than just recreating 398 00:20:09,040 --> 00:20:11,440 Speaker 1: breast tissue. But the reason why they focused on breast 399 00:20:11,480 --> 00:20:15,080 Speaker 1: tissue is because it's a fairly easy thing to do 400 00:20:15,400 --> 00:20:19,640 Speaker 1: with with something that isn't vital to are the way 401 00:20:19,680 --> 00:20:23,080 Speaker 1: our body functions, right, I mean, other than breastfeeding, your 402 00:20:23,080 --> 00:20:26,280 Speaker 1: breast really aren't there for much else, since certare in joke, 403 00:20:26,400 --> 00:20:29,119 Speaker 1: they're What they did is they went to Japan and 404 00:20:29,240 --> 00:20:33,760 Speaker 1: they initially tested uh, this reconstruction with these breast cells 405 00:20:33,960 --> 00:20:36,639 Speaker 1: on Japanese women because it turns out that women in 406 00:20:36,760 --> 00:20:41,240 Speaker 1: that society who had a mastectomy would avoid public baths. 407 00:20:41,320 --> 00:20:43,040 Speaker 1: And then is a huge part public baths or a 408 00:20:43,160 --> 00:20:46,080 Speaker 1: huge part of the culture there. Yeah, many cultures really. 409 00:20:46,160 --> 00:20:47,800 Speaker 1: I mean, it's gonna come as kind of a shock 410 00:20:47,840 --> 00:20:50,320 Speaker 1: to especially some of our our u s audiences where 411 00:20:50,440 --> 00:20:51,720 Speaker 1: you know, you go to the y m c A 412 00:20:51,880 --> 00:20:54,440 Speaker 1: or whatever, and and every people were wearing like T 413 00:20:54,600 --> 00:20:58,040 Speaker 1: shirts and the sauna, which is disgusting, by the way. Uh. 414 00:20:58,880 --> 00:21:01,960 Speaker 1: Whereas in many parts of the world, in Asia, uh, 415 00:21:02,119 --> 00:21:04,200 Speaker 1: and still in some parts of Europe, you know, you 416 00:21:04,280 --> 00:21:05,920 Speaker 1: still have a rich and of course in Russia you 417 00:21:05,960 --> 00:21:09,480 Speaker 1: still have a rich bath culture and uh, and in 418 00:21:09,600 --> 00:21:11,720 Speaker 1: certain areas of it, nudity is part of it. And 419 00:21:11,840 --> 00:21:14,880 Speaker 1: therefore when you tend to find in these environments people 420 00:21:14,880 --> 00:21:18,719 Speaker 1: are more comfortable, certainly more comfortable with their nuduty than America. Um. 421 00:21:19,240 --> 00:21:21,639 Speaker 1: Where Again, the idea of being naked at the y 422 00:21:21,720 --> 00:21:23,679 Speaker 1: m c A s is insane and I don't understand 423 00:21:23,680 --> 00:21:28,840 Speaker 1: why I was banned from there. Um. But but but 424 00:21:28,960 --> 00:21:31,560 Speaker 1: but yeah, so so, even even in these environments when 425 00:21:31,600 --> 00:21:34,200 Speaker 1: there would be you know, open to different body types 426 00:21:34,400 --> 00:21:37,480 Speaker 1: and all that, um, the loss of something like that 427 00:21:37,920 --> 00:21:41,040 Speaker 1: could make one feel excluded from a very important part 428 00:21:41,080 --> 00:21:43,040 Speaker 1: of their life. Yeah. To be clear, they weren't banished 429 00:21:43,040 --> 00:21:45,160 Speaker 1: by their people, but they were just they were feeling 430 00:21:45,200 --> 00:21:47,639 Speaker 1: ashamed about their bodies, and so that you know, they 431 00:21:47,720 --> 00:21:51,399 Speaker 1: effectively sort of excommunicated themselves from society in that sense. 432 00:21:51,480 --> 00:21:54,640 Speaker 1: They were, you know, obviously more open to this process 433 00:21:54,720 --> 00:21:57,520 Speaker 1: of recreating the breast tissue, and they actually got pretty 434 00:21:57,560 --> 00:22:00,200 Speaker 1: good result for actually doing something that was quite frank time. 435 00:22:00,240 --> 00:22:01,520 Speaker 1: I mean, a lot of that was guesswork at the 436 00:22:01,560 --> 00:22:03,480 Speaker 1: beginning of how much you know they should use of 437 00:22:03,560 --> 00:22:07,080 Speaker 1: this proprietary mix of enzymes with the tissue and so 438 00:22:07,200 --> 00:22:08,520 Speaker 1: on and so forth, And like you said, it was 439 00:22:08,560 --> 00:22:12,400 Speaker 1: a good test case for this technology because it wasn't 440 00:22:12,440 --> 00:22:14,080 Speaker 1: for the most part. You we're not talking about life 441 00:22:14,119 --> 00:22:17,880 Speaker 1: threatening situation right exactly. Here they are with this They've 442 00:22:17,920 --> 00:22:21,240 Speaker 1: got this idea that these stem cell rich out of 443 00:22:21,280 --> 00:22:24,239 Speaker 1: post fat cells could be used for other purposes. They 444 00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:26,399 Speaker 1: know that it can make bones that they could use 445 00:22:26,440 --> 00:22:29,199 Speaker 1: to repair facial effects and children. But what they are 446 00:22:29,400 --> 00:22:32,359 Speaker 1: really finding out what it what it does great is 447 00:22:32,480 --> 00:22:35,520 Speaker 1: making a new blood supply to tissue, which is really 448 00:22:35,600 --> 00:22:39,679 Speaker 1: important for how we can repair our own vital organs, 449 00:22:39,760 --> 00:22:42,240 Speaker 1: right because that's the problem with aging right now, is 450 00:22:42,280 --> 00:22:45,680 Speaker 1: that as you had said, that our cells do repair 451 00:22:45,720 --> 00:22:48,480 Speaker 1: themselves to a certain degree, but at some point, you know, 452 00:22:48,600 --> 00:22:51,840 Speaker 1: you just can't bridge that supply with blood into the tissue. 453 00:22:52,320 --> 00:22:53,920 Speaker 1: So I just want to talk a little bit about 454 00:22:54,000 --> 00:22:56,760 Speaker 1: this this box again, a box shows up right, the 455 00:22:56,840 --> 00:22:59,320 Speaker 1: magic box that that does all the cool things to 456 00:22:59,440 --> 00:23:01,840 Speaker 1: the cells makes it be able to come like this 457 00:23:01,920 --> 00:23:06,639 Speaker 1: actual organ force. Yeah. Yeah. So this box is basically 458 00:23:06,680 --> 00:23:09,680 Speaker 1: it basically is a cellulation device, and it's a box 459 00:23:09,760 --> 00:23:12,960 Speaker 1: with scaffolding inside, which we've talked about already, and the 460 00:23:13,040 --> 00:23:16,760 Speaker 1: centrifuge and it's center. It separates the adipose tissue from 461 00:23:16,800 --> 00:23:20,320 Speaker 1: stem cells, and then a mix of prop proprietary enzymes 462 00:23:20,359 --> 00:23:25,000 Speaker 1: are added, and the mix is different depending on what 463 00:23:25,240 --> 00:23:28,239 Speaker 1: kind of tissue you want, which is pretty amazing, right, 464 00:23:28,440 --> 00:23:31,040 Speaker 1: So it's sort of like margarita mix. Okay, here you go, 465 00:23:31,920 --> 00:23:33,840 Speaker 1: um or whatever it is that you want. On the 466 00:23:34,000 --> 00:23:36,280 Speaker 1: On the other end of this process, the problem is 467 00:23:36,400 --> 00:23:40,000 Speaker 1: that unlike stem cells, which you could use for like 468 00:23:40,119 --> 00:23:42,600 Speaker 1: two hundred plus kinds of cells in the human body, 469 00:23:43,240 --> 00:23:46,840 Speaker 1: these adipose fat cells can only be used and or 470 00:23:46,960 --> 00:23:50,520 Speaker 1: differentiated into fat, bone and muscle. So it's not an 471 00:23:50,640 --> 00:23:54,000 Speaker 1: end all, be all thing here. But it's pretty amazing 472 00:23:54,160 --> 00:23:57,720 Speaker 1: that it's it's an alternative to having to get stem cells, 473 00:23:57,760 --> 00:24:01,320 Speaker 1: which we know is a difficult process right now, and 474 00:24:01,359 --> 00:24:03,360 Speaker 1: who knows in the future what that will bear out. 475 00:24:03,920 --> 00:24:05,600 Speaker 1: But right now, I mean the fact that you could 476 00:24:05,640 --> 00:24:09,000 Speaker 1: just go and get a tummy tuck, you know, and 477 00:24:09,200 --> 00:24:11,800 Speaker 1: use those on your own rich stem cells from the 478 00:24:11,840 --> 00:24:15,880 Speaker 1: audipose fat for something else perhaps is amazing. Yeah, it's great. 479 00:24:16,040 --> 00:24:18,600 Speaker 1: I love the idea of it. I do too. Now 480 00:24:18,680 --> 00:24:20,399 Speaker 1: the problem is is that there are other companies that 481 00:24:20,400 --> 00:24:22,680 Speaker 1: have gotten in on the game, but their process is 482 00:24:22,760 --> 00:24:26,240 Speaker 1: slightly different, and they're making some claims that are a 483 00:24:26,320 --> 00:24:29,160 Speaker 1: little bit dodgy, like I think I'm imagining Dr Nick 484 00:24:29,240 --> 00:24:36,520 Speaker 1: from The Simpsons. Possibly, Yeah, it's a few stem shoals um. 485 00:24:36,720 --> 00:24:38,679 Speaker 1: But they're saying they're making claims like the cells can 486 00:24:38,720 --> 00:24:41,280 Speaker 1: be used to treat autism and type two diabetes and 487 00:24:41,359 --> 00:24:43,520 Speaker 1: so on and so forth. So you may have, you know, 488 00:24:43,840 --> 00:24:46,159 Speaker 1: if you're into the subject, you may have seen it 489 00:24:46,160 --> 00:24:48,720 Speaker 1: in the media a little bit. And that's a little 490 00:24:48,760 --> 00:24:50,440 Speaker 1: bit of the dark side, right is that there's a 491 00:24:50,440 --> 00:24:52,760 Speaker 1: lot of competition to get this to market. A stem 492 00:24:52,840 --> 00:24:56,200 Speaker 1: cell smoothie is not going to make you healthier, no, no, 493 00:24:56,480 --> 00:24:59,480 Speaker 1: But a Little Wheat Germs shot movie just lovely. Yeah, 494 00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:02,080 Speaker 1: so there you go. Um. I think that the key 495 00:25:02,200 --> 00:25:05,719 Speaker 1: takeaway from this though, is that right now, the demand 496 00:25:05,880 --> 00:25:09,520 Speaker 1: for organ transplants is has doubled in the last decade, 497 00:25:09,800 --> 00:25:12,639 Speaker 1: and still we have the same amount of organs available. 498 00:25:12,760 --> 00:25:15,680 Speaker 1: So what that means is that, you know, we shouldn't 499 00:25:16,119 --> 00:25:19,320 Speaker 1: stop signing our organing cards on our driver's license here 500 00:25:19,320 --> 00:25:22,199 Speaker 1: in the United States if we want to donate our organs. 501 00:25:22,440 --> 00:25:24,280 Speaker 1: You know, there's so much need out there and that's 502 00:25:24,280 --> 00:25:26,280 Speaker 1: why they're trying to come up with this technology. So 503 00:25:26,440 --> 00:25:28,879 Speaker 1: this isn't going to do away with the organ downing 504 00:25:28,960 --> 00:25:31,320 Speaker 1: process by all means. And you can you can find 505 00:25:31,359 --> 00:25:33,920 Speaker 1: out more about organ donation by going to how stuff 506 00:25:33,960 --> 00:25:37,440 Speaker 1: works dot com. We have an article called how organ 507 00:25:37,480 --> 00:25:40,280 Speaker 1: donation works. We have one called how organ transplants work. 508 00:25:40,640 --> 00:25:41,760 Speaker 1: And if you live in the US, you can go 509 00:25:41,840 --> 00:25:44,880 Speaker 1: to organ donor dot gov to find out more. Other Otherwise, 510 00:25:44,920 --> 00:25:47,000 Speaker 1: if you're in another country, UM would in a number 511 00:25:47,000 --> 00:25:48,760 Speaker 1: of you are, you know, do a search for organ 512 00:25:48,840 --> 00:25:51,440 Speaker 1: donation and then your particular country. But I want to 513 00:25:51,440 --> 00:25:54,840 Speaker 1: add one more thing about about all this, because I 514 00:25:54,920 --> 00:25:56,520 Speaker 1: can't help but think of the ways that this could 515 00:25:56,560 --> 00:26:01,679 Speaker 1: be misused or used irresponsibly or is stupidly. And I'm 516 00:26:01,720 --> 00:26:04,399 Speaker 1: instantly think, I get all these emails. Everybody gets all 517 00:26:04,400 --> 00:26:07,440 Speaker 1: these emails about penis enlargement, you know, the junk mails. 518 00:26:07,720 --> 00:26:10,320 Speaker 1: So I can easily imagine a future where the junk 519 00:26:10,359 --> 00:26:13,440 Speaker 1: mail becomes grow your own custom penis, and it's gonna 520 00:26:13,480 --> 00:26:16,520 Speaker 1: be really weird future if that comes to past. I know, 521 00:26:16,680 --> 00:26:19,639 Speaker 1: I just started thinking about sea monkeys. Yeah, for some reason. 522 00:26:19,800 --> 00:26:22,480 Speaker 1: So I'm not gonna follow the logical conclusion to that. Now. 523 00:26:22,480 --> 00:26:25,480 Speaker 1: I didn't the Wired article actually go into the possible 524 00:26:25,760 --> 00:26:30,520 Speaker 1: um cosmetic use of this last technology for breast implants. Yeah, 525 00:26:30,680 --> 00:26:33,359 Speaker 1: and that's actually the competing companies I was talking about. 526 00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:35,040 Speaker 1: That's one of the claims that they're making too. And 527 00:26:35,359 --> 00:26:37,240 Speaker 1: whether or not that's something that will bear out, we 528 00:26:37,320 --> 00:26:39,320 Speaker 1: don't know. But it may be that that's something that 529 00:26:39,920 --> 00:26:43,199 Speaker 1: could help. I suppose, make you look dewey and sixteen 530 00:26:43,280 --> 00:26:46,600 Speaker 1: year old ish, but they won't look like arts. They 531 00:26:46,600 --> 00:26:49,000 Speaker 1: won't look like breast implanted breast. You will not have 532 00:26:49,080 --> 00:26:53,320 Speaker 1: breast on your face. That's what I understand. Poor nipples. Okay, 533 00:26:53,359 --> 00:26:54,800 Speaker 1: not yet, but who knows what the future is gonna 534 00:26:54,800 --> 00:26:56,760 Speaker 1: hold that. That's the thing. It's like we when when 535 00:26:56,840 --> 00:26:59,560 Speaker 1: we when things become possible for humans, it seems like 536 00:26:59,600 --> 00:27:01,800 Speaker 1: it's just an at our time until we start misusing them, 537 00:27:02,440 --> 00:27:04,960 Speaker 1: it's true, or somebody loses a bet. You just had 538 00:27:05,000 --> 00:27:07,400 Speaker 1: to bring that dystopian shade down on them. Yeah, yea, 539 00:27:07,520 --> 00:27:10,200 Speaker 1: I understand. Well let's see, let's turn our backs from 540 00:27:10,240 --> 00:27:12,600 Speaker 1: that then, and uh take a look at some quick 541 00:27:12,960 --> 00:27:14,720 Speaker 1: listener mail. I think I have a few to choose 542 00:27:14,760 --> 00:27:18,359 Speaker 1: from here. Well, we have some listener mail here from John. 543 00:27:18,560 --> 00:27:21,960 Speaker 1: John writes in and John says, well, what a coincidence 544 00:27:22,240 --> 00:27:25,440 Speaker 1: that you have back to back podcast on aliens and 545 00:27:25,560 --> 00:27:33,520 Speaker 1: platyplods pla platyplods the plural of platypus um. I've always 546 00:27:33,560 --> 00:27:37,480 Speaker 1: wondered if Australia was a genetic playground for aliens, with 547 00:27:37,640 --> 00:27:41,200 Speaker 1: the platypus being their greatest creation. No offense to kangaroos, 548 00:27:41,200 --> 00:27:46,240 Speaker 1: Iguala bears bears right, I have because really yeah, I've 549 00:27:46,240 --> 00:27:49,760 Speaker 1: been watching the a rather well done series on Netflix 550 00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:52,560 Speaker 1: about ancient Aliens, and they talk about the aliens wiping 551 00:27:52,560 --> 00:27:57,080 Speaker 1: out all genetic experiments. Chamiras Sphinx in a great flight. 552 00:27:57,680 --> 00:28:02,679 Speaker 1: I enjoy the show John, So um mmmmm, it's an 553 00:28:02,680 --> 00:28:06,600 Speaker 1: interesting idea. I mean, clearly the platypus is is a 554 00:28:06,880 --> 00:28:10,639 Speaker 1: perfect creation, but as we discussed in the podcast, I 555 00:28:10,640 --> 00:28:13,040 Speaker 1: think it's farm or likely it just evolve that way. 556 00:28:13,160 --> 00:28:16,280 Speaker 1: I don't know. Unassuming, right, you would never think like, oh, 557 00:28:16,440 --> 00:28:18,880 Speaker 1: that's that's the alien creation. Oh you're with the aliens, 558 00:28:18,920 --> 00:28:21,600 Speaker 1: now show it for a podcast day. We've voice sound 559 00:28:21,600 --> 00:28:25,640 Speaker 1: a little different, supposedly because of the cold. Yeah, all right, 560 00:28:26,160 --> 00:28:28,439 Speaker 1: it's really me, honest. Let's see. I have another one 561 00:28:28,480 --> 00:28:32,000 Speaker 1: here about the platypo platypose you knew it's me because 562 00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:35,560 Speaker 1: I set nipples. Here's a letter from Jeremy. Hi, guys, 563 00:28:35,680 --> 00:28:37,920 Speaker 1: love the Platypus show. I was surprised that you didn't 564 00:28:37,920 --> 00:28:40,680 Speaker 1: bring up the character Perry, the platypus from the Disney 565 00:28:40,760 --> 00:28:44,520 Speaker 1: show Phineas and Ferb. Perry is a household pet who 566 00:28:44,560 --> 00:28:47,040 Speaker 1: lives a double life as a double oh seven parody agent. 567 00:28:47,120 --> 00:28:49,320 Speaker 1: P You even seem to be on the verge of 568 00:28:49,400 --> 00:28:52,440 Speaker 1: it when you were discussing it's venomous quality. Maybe I 569 00:28:52,560 --> 00:28:55,680 Speaker 1: just watch way more TV with my kids than I should. 570 00:28:55,760 --> 00:28:58,320 Speaker 1: Keep up the great word, Jeremy, I was not familiar 571 00:28:58,360 --> 00:29:00,360 Speaker 1: with the show. I think that's interesting saying that we 572 00:29:00,600 --> 00:29:03,880 Speaker 1: we followed the same logic. Yeah, and uh in just 573 00:29:03,960 --> 00:29:07,360 Speaker 1: one note, um, I can't remember I might uh spoke. 574 00:29:07,360 --> 00:29:11,000 Speaker 1: In the past, I have occasionally said venom when I 575 00:29:11,120 --> 00:29:13,440 Speaker 1: mean poison or poison when I mean venom, and the 576 00:29:13,480 --> 00:29:16,400 Speaker 1: two words are, of course not interchangeable, and to do 577 00:29:16,560 --> 00:29:20,680 Speaker 1: so is elegant variation, which is the whole another thing. 578 00:29:20,760 --> 00:29:24,840 Speaker 1: But anyway, venomous animals just to refresh, store toxin internally 579 00:29:24,880 --> 00:29:27,840 Speaker 1: and release them through biting or stinging, uh, such as 580 00:29:27,880 --> 00:29:31,880 Speaker 1: with a platypus, whereas poisonous animals usually secrete toxins through 581 00:29:31,960 --> 00:29:35,120 Speaker 1: their skin and then if you touch them or heat them, uh, 582 00:29:35,200 --> 00:29:43,600 Speaker 1: then you get the poison. Any There you go, venomous, hardcore, venomous, poisonous. 583 00:29:43,680 --> 00:29:45,680 Speaker 1: But that's out there. But the real take home is 584 00:29:45,760 --> 00:29:49,520 Speaker 1: that they are magical. They're not really magical, but anyway, 585 00:29:49,600 --> 00:29:53,240 Speaker 1: so hey, yeah, perhaps if you if you go to 586 00:29:53,280 --> 00:29:56,360 Speaker 1: the right places, if you know the right spot. Um. So, 587 00:29:56,480 --> 00:29:58,640 Speaker 1: if you have anything to share with us, especially about 588 00:29:58,640 --> 00:30:01,440 Speaker 1: do it yourself organs of out the current technology, about 589 00:30:01,440 --> 00:30:03,880 Speaker 1: where it's going or where it may lead us. We 590 00:30:04,040 --> 00:30:06,320 Speaker 1: love to hear about it, so just let us know 591 00:30:06,440 --> 00:30:08,800 Speaker 1: on Facebook or Twitter. For starters, you can find us 592 00:30:08,800 --> 00:30:10,680 Speaker 1: on both of those as Blow the Mind, or you 593 00:30:10,720 --> 00:30:12,840 Speaker 1: could go more long form and you could email us 594 00:30:13,000 --> 00:30:15,200 Speaker 1: at Blow the Mind at how stuff works dot com. 595 00:30:20,440 --> 00:30:23,000 Speaker 1: Be sure to check out our new video podcast, Stuff 596 00:30:23,040 --> 00:30:25,600 Speaker 1: from the Future. Join how Stuff Work staff as we 597 00:30:25,720 --> 00:30:29,200 Speaker 1: explore the most promising and perplexing possibilities of tomorrow.