WEBVTT - Little Red Riding Hood 0:00:08.245 --> 0:00:18.205 School of Humans. My name is Miranda Hawkins. Welcome to 0:00:18.285 --> 0:00:23.245 the Deep dark Woods. Today's story is Atu three point 0:00:23.245 --> 0:00:26.205 thirty three, or Little Red riding Hood. 0:00:37.685 --> 0:00:39.965 Once upon a time there was a sweet little girl. 0:00:40.845 --> 0:00:43.165 Everyone who saw her liked her, but most of all 0:00:43.205 --> 0:00:45.845 her grandmother, who did not know what to give the 0:00:45.965 --> 0:00:50.285 child next. Once she gave her a little cap made 0:00:50.325 --> 0:00:53.805 of red velvet, because it suited her so well, and 0:00:53.845 --> 0:00:56.565 she wanted to wear it all the time. She came 0:00:56.605 --> 0:01:00.525 to be known as a little Red Cap. One day 0:01:00.885 --> 0:01:04.085 her mother said to her, come, little Red Cap, here's 0:01:04.125 --> 0:01:06.285 a piece of cake and a bottle of wine. Take 0:01:06.325 --> 0:01:09.045 them to your grandmother. She's sick and weak, and they 0:01:09.085 --> 0:01:12.285 will do her well. Mind your manners and give her 0:01:12.285 --> 0:01:15.965 my greetings. Behave yourself on the way, and do not 0:01:16.165 --> 0:01:18.165 leave the path, or you might fall down and break 0:01:18.205 --> 0:01:20.845 the glass, and then there will be nothing for your grandmother. 0:01:21.605 --> 0:01:24.445 And when you enter her parlor, don't forget to say 0:01:25.085 --> 0:01:28.965 good morning, and don't peer into all the corners first. 0:01:31.445 --> 0:01:34.325 I'll do everything just right, said Little Red Cap, shaking 0:01:34.325 --> 0:01:41.605 her mother's hand. The grandmother lived out in the woods, 0:01:41.805 --> 0:01:45.085 half an hour from the village. When Little Red Cap 0:01:45.205 --> 0:01:48.085 entered the woods. A wolf came up to her. She 0:01:48.205 --> 0:01:51.125 did not know what a wicked animal he was, and 0:01:51.245 --> 0:01:54.765 was not afraid of him. Good day to you, little 0:01:54.805 --> 0:01:59.605 Red Cap, Thank you wolf. Where are you going so early, 0:01:59.725 --> 0:02:00.565 little Red Cap? 0:02:01.405 --> 0:02:02.885 To grandmother's? 0:02:03.405 --> 0:02:07.005 And what are you carrying under your apron grandmother is 0:02:07.045 --> 0:02:09.045 sick and weak, and I'm taking her some cake and 0:02:09.125 --> 0:02:12.285 wine we baked yesterday, and they should be. 0:02:12.245 --> 0:02:15.765 Good for her and give her strength. Little Red Cap, 0:02:16.485 --> 0:02:17.365 just where does. 0:02:17.245 --> 0:02:20.725 Your grandmother live? Her house is a good quarter hour 0:02:20.765 --> 0:02:23.485 from here, in the woods, under three large oak trees. 0:02:23.965 --> 0:02:26.525 There's a hedge of hazel bushes there. You must know 0:02:26.605 --> 0:02:30.605 the place, said Little Red Cap. The wolf thought to himself, 0:02:31.765 --> 0:02:35.405 Now that sweet young thing is a tasty bite for me. 0:02:36.005 --> 0:02:39.165 She will be even better than the old woman. You 0:02:39.245 --> 0:02:43.365 must be sly and you can catch them both. He 0:02:43.445 --> 0:02:45.805 walked along a little while with Little Red Cap. Then 0:02:45.805 --> 0:02:49.765 he said, little Red Cap, just look at all the 0:02:49.805 --> 0:02:52.165 beautiful flowers that are all around us. 0:02:53.285 --> 0:02:54.645 Why don't you go and take a look. 0:02:55.085 --> 0:02:57.085 And I don't believe you can hear how beautifully the 0:02:57.085 --> 0:02:59.965 birds are singing. You're walking along as though you were 0:03:00.005 --> 0:03:04.725 on your way to school. It's very beautiful in the woods. 0:03:05.485 --> 0:03:07.605 The red Cap opened her eyes, and when she saw 0:03:07.645 --> 0:03:10.645 the sunbeams dancing to and fro through the trees, and 0:03:10.685 --> 0:03:13.885 how the ground was covered with beautiful flowers, she thought, 0:03:14.685 --> 0:03:16.885 if I take a fresh bouquet a grandmother, she will 0:03:16.925 --> 0:03:20.925 be very pleased. Anyway, it's still early and I'll be 0:03:20.965 --> 0:03:25.485 home on time. And she ran off the path into 0:03:25.485 --> 0:03:29.165 the woods, looking for flowers. Each time she picked one, 0:03:29.245 --> 0:03:31.325 she thought she could see an even more beautiful one 0:03:31.365 --> 0:03:33.925 a little way off, and she ran after it, going 0:03:33.965 --> 0:03:40.285 further and further into the woods. But the wolf ran 0:03:40.445 --> 0:03:42.805 straight to the grandmother's house and knocked on the door. 0:03:44.605 --> 0:03:48.365 Who's there, little Red Cap, I'm bringing you some cake 0:03:48.405 --> 0:03:52.525 and wine. Open the door. Just press the latch, called 0:03:52.525 --> 0:03:53.285 out the grandmother. 0:03:53.765 --> 0:03:55.165 I'm too weak to get up. 0:03:56.125 --> 0:03:59.045 The wolf pressed the latch and the door open. He 0:03:59.205 --> 0:04:02.085 stepped inside and went straight to the grandmother's bed and 0:04:02.285 --> 0:04:08.245 ate her up. Then he put on her clothes, put 0:04:08.245 --> 0:04:10.765 her cap on his head, got into her bed, and 0:04:10.885 --> 0:04:16.205 pulled the curtains shut. Little Redcap had run after the flowers. 0:04:16.725 --> 0:04:18.885 After she had gathered so many that she could not 0:04:19.005 --> 0:04:21.925 carry any more. She remembered her grandmother and then continued 0:04:21.925 --> 0:04:25.085 on her way to her house, she found, to her 0:04:25.085 --> 0:04:29.325 surprise that the door was open. She walked into the parlor, 0:04:30.285 --> 0:04:34.165 and everything looked so strange that she thought, oh my god, 0:04:34.205 --> 0:04:34.645 why am. 0:04:34.565 --> 0:04:35.365 I so afraid? 0:04:35.765 --> 0:04:40.365 I usually like it at grandmother's. She called out good morning, 0:04:41.805 --> 0:04:46.285 but received no answer. Then she went to the bed 0:04:46.365 --> 0:04:50.445 and pulled back the curtains. Grandmother was lying there with 0:04:50.485 --> 0:04:55.485 her cap pulled down over her face and looking very strange. 0:04:55.805 --> 0:05:02.525 Oh grandmother, What big ears you have, All the better 0:05:02.605 --> 0:05:09.605 to hear you with, Oh grandmother. What big eyes you have, 0:05:11.245 --> 0:05:15.565 all the better to see you with, Oh grandmother. What 0:05:15.725 --> 0:05:19.885 big hands you have, all the better to grab you with, 0:05:21.445 --> 0:05:24.485 Oh grandmother, What a horribly. 0:05:23.965 --> 0:05:27.045 Big mouth you have, all the better to eat you with. 0:05:28.805 --> 0:05:31.405 The wolf could scarcely finished speaking when he jumped up 0:05:31.405 --> 0:05:33.405 from the bed with a single leap and ate up 0:05:33.525 --> 0:05:44.045 poor little red cat. As soon as the wolf had 0:05:44.085 --> 0:05:47.965 satisfied his desires, he climbed back into bed, fell asleep, 0:05:48.405 --> 0:05:56.485 and began to snore very loudly. A huntsman was just 0:05:56.565 --> 0:06:00.605 passing by. He thought, the old woman is snoring so loudly. 0:06:01.005 --> 0:06:03.405 You had better see if something's wrong with her. 0:06:05.485 --> 0:06:06.085 Stepped into the. 0:06:06.085 --> 0:06:08.445 Parlor and When he approached the bed, he saw the 0:06:08.485 --> 0:06:13.405 wolf lying there. So here I find you, you old sinner, 0:06:13.725 --> 0:06:17.285 he said, I've been hunting you for a long time. 0:06:20.005 --> 0:06:21.925 He was about to aim his rifle when it occurred 0:06:21.965 --> 0:06:24.085 to him that the wolf might have eaten the grandmother 0:06:24.325 --> 0:06:27.845 and that she might still be rescued. So instead of shooting, 0:06:27.925 --> 0:06:30.845 he took a pair of scissors and began to cut 0:06:30.965 --> 0:06:38.525 open the wolf's belly. After a few cuts, he saw 0:06:38.565 --> 0:06:41.765 the Red Cap shining through, and after a few more cuts, 0:06:41.765 --> 0:06:44.605 the girl jumped out, crying, oh. 0:06:44.125 --> 0:06:46.365 I was so frightened. It was so dark inside the 0:06:46.365 --> 0:06:47.085 wolf's body. 0:06:48.685 --> 0:06:51.525 And then the grandmother came out as well, alive but 0:06:51.605 --> 0:06:56.565 hardly able to breathe. Then Little Redcap fetched some large stones. 0:06:57.045 --> 0:06:59.125 She filled the wolf's body with them, and when he 0:06:59.165 --> 0:07:01.405 woke up and tried to run away, the stones were 0:07:01.445 --> 0:07:07.645 so heavy that he immediately fell down dead. The three 0:07:07.685 --> 0:07:10.725 of them were happy. The huntsmen skinned the wolf and 0:07:10.765 --> 0:07:13.805 went home with the pelt. The grandmother ate the cake 0:07:13.885 --> 0:07:15.965 and drank the wine the Little Red Cap had brought. 0:07:16.965 --> 0:07:20.125 And Little Red Cap thought, as long as I live, 0:07:20.245 --> 0:07:22.325 I will never leave the path and run off into 0:07:22.365 --> 0:07:25.005 the woods by myself. If my mother tells me not to. 0:07:37.445 --> 0:07:40.645 Little Red riding Hood is one of my favorite tails 0:07:40.725 --> 0:07:45.165 from The Brother's Groom. It's also the easiest last minute 0:07:45.165 --> 0:07:49.285 costume during Halloween. If you're wearing a red cape and 0:07:49.325 --> 0:07:53.325 a picnic basket, pretty much everyone knows who you're trying 0:07:53.365 --> 0:07:56.765 to be, But the roots of the tail are complicated. 0:07:57.405 --> 0:08:00.285 People have been trying to pinpoint where Little Red riding 0:08:00.285 --> 0:08:05.365 Hood originated for the past two hundred years. That's according 0:08:05.405 --> 0:08:10.685 to doctor Jamie Tarrani's research. Doctor Trani is an anthropology 0:08:10.725 --> 0:08:15.925 professor at Durham University in England. In November of twenty thirteen, 0:08:16.285 --> 0:08:19.125 he released his findings on the origins of Little Red 0:08:19.205 --> 0:08:26.085 riding Hood. He used a process many biologists use called philogenetics. 0:08:26.245 --> 0:08:31.485 Phylogenetics graphically represents the relationships between organisms and a diagram 0:08:31.565 --> 0:08:34.525 known as a tree of life, and the trees can 0:08:34.565 --> 0:08:38.925 look like a variety of things. One variation is bracketing, 0:08:39.285 --> 0:08:42.765 like you would do with a sports event. In doctor 0:08:42.805 --> 0:08:46.445 Trani's case, he built a tree diagram using fifty eight 0:08:46.565 --> 0:08:49.965 variants of the folk tale and then focused on seventy 0:08:50.005 --> 0:08:53.965 two plot variables like who was a protagonist or a villain? 0:08:55.005 --> 0:08:59.245 From there, he compared similarities to show which route the 0:08:59.285 --> 0:09:03.885 story most likely took. For the longest time, scholars thought 0:09:03.885 --> 0:09:07.525 the story originated in China six hundred to eight hundred 0:09:07.605 --> 0:09:11.085 years ago and then traveled to Europe along the Silk Road. 0:09:11.765 --> 0:09:20.685 But doctor Tarani's research showed something else. There is another 0:09:20.725 --> 0:09:25.045 tale worldwide called The Wolf and the Kids. It's about 0:09:25.045 --> 0:09:27.845 a wolf who pretends to be a nantygot to eat 0:09:27.965 --> 0:09:33.365 the kids. Sound familiar, well, Doctor Tarani thinks that the 0:09:33.405 --> 0:09:37.525 Wolf and the Kids and Little Red Riding Hood traveled 0:09:37.525 --> 0:09:41.205 from Europe to China, not the other way around, and 0:09:41.245 --> 0:09:45.125 that China blended these two tales to create its own version. 0:09:46.605 --> 0:09:49.925 He also found elements of the story dating back about 0:09:49.965 --> 0:09:54.205 two thousand years from somewhere between Europe and the Middle East. 0:09:54.765 --> 0:09:58.925 But that's just one theory, because some people think that 0:09:59.005 --> 0:10:02.405 stories like these don't have a single point of origin, 0:10:03.085 --> 0:10:06.885 but rather similar stories pop up all over the world 0:10:07.245 --> 0:10:11.365 because of how universal they are, or because of chance. 0:10:12.285 --> 0:10:15.565 It would seem for now Little Red's true origins or 0:10:15.645 --> 0:10:20.845 lost to history. But there's an even bigger question at 0:10:20.885 --> 0:10:24.285 the center of the debate. What even counts as a 0:10:24.285 --> 0:10:29.405 Little Red writing Hood story? For example, there's a Latin 0:10:29.445 --> 0:10:33.885 manuscript of a poem written in ten twenty two. The 0:10:34.005 --> 0:10:36.645 poem is about a young girl in a red cloak 0:10:36.925 --> 0:10:40.285 who was taken by wolves. They tried to eat her, 0:10:40.605 --> 0:10:45.405 but the cloak protected her from their bite. But even 0:10:45.525 --> 0:10:49.765 with the red cloak and the wolves, some folklorists don't 0:10:49.845 --> 0:10:53.925 think this counts. Like all the stories we've heard about 0:10:53.965 --> 0:10:58.325 so far, pinpointing exactly where Little Red writing Hood was 0:10:58.365 --> 0:11:03.885 born is unanswerable. But with this tale, the brothers Grim 0:11:03.925 --> 0:11:07.645 did something new, something out of the ordinary for them. 0:11:08.445 --> 0:11:13.165 They made the story less gruesome than its predecessors. So 0:11:13.325 --> 0:11:17.205 what exactly would be so gruesome that the brother's Grim 0:11:17.485 --> 0:11:31.645 chose to cut it out? The Brother's Grim wrote two 0:11:31.845 --> 0:11:36.765 versions of the tale they call Little Red Cap. The 0:11:36.805 --> 0:11:39.845 first one ended up being the final version you heard 0:11:39.925 --> 0:11:43.565 at the beginning of this episode. The second one goes 0:11:43.645 --> 0:11:48.805 like this. On a separate occasion, Little Red Cap is 0:11:48.845 --> 0:11:51.685 taking bait goods to her grandmother when she happens upon 0:11:51.725 --> 0:11:54.965 a wolf. The wolf tries to convince her to leave 0:11:55.005 --> 0:11:58.525 the path, but Little Red Cap refuses and goes straight 0:11:58.565 --> 0:12:02.485 to her grandmother's house. When she arrives, she tells her 0:12:02.525 --> 0:12:06.485 grandmother about meeting the wolf. The two of them immediately 0:12:06.565 --> 0:12:11.085 lock the door. Not long after, the wolf comes knocking, 0:12:11.365 --> 0:12:14.565 calling out to Red's grandmother, claiming to be the young 0:12:14.605 --> 0:12:18.525 girl bringing sweets. The two remains silent while the wolf 0:12:18.765 --> 0:12:22.765 walks around the house several times before jumping on the roof. 0:12:24.645 --> 0:12:27.125 His plan is to wait until Little Red leaves to 0:12:27.165 --> 0:12:30.045 go home, and then he will devour her. But the 0:12:30.125 --> 0:12:33.165 grandmother knows what the wolf is up to and makes 0:12:33.165 --> 0:12:37.485 a plan herself. The grandmother has a large stone trough 0:12:37.605 --> 0:12:39.845 in the front of her house, and she tells a 0:12:39.885 --> 0:12:43.165 little Red to fill the trough with water. The young 0:12:43.205 --> 0:12:45.925 girl does as she is told until the trough is full, 0:12:46.645 --> 0:12:50.285 but it is no ordinary water. The grandmother had cooked 0:12:50.285 --> 0:12:53.485 sausage in it the day before. When the smell of 0:12:53.525 --> 0:12:56.885 sausage reaches a wolf, he stretches his neck so far 0:12:57.125 --> 0:12:59.885 trying to look into the trough that he slides off 0:12:59.925 --> 0:13:03.205 the roof and falls into the water, where he drowns. 0:13:05.045 --> 0:13:14.325 And so Little Red goes home safe and sound. The 0:13:14.365 --> 0:13:17.765 two variants of Grimm's Little Red come from two sisters, 0:13:18.085 --> 0:13:22.245 Jeannette and Marie Hassenflug. Jeannette told the brothers the final 0:13:22.325 --> 0:13:24.925 version you heard while Marie told the one with the 0:13:24.965 --> 0:13:29.725 wolf drowning. Jeannette, Marie, and their other sister, Amilie were 0:13:29.805 --> 0:13:34.805 French Huguenots whose family fled France and settled and hanowed Germany. 0:13:35.005 --> 0:13:37.845 The story goes that Jeanette and Marie were known to 0:13:37.885 --> 0:13:41.405 share French tales with the brothers grim and the story 0:13:41.485 --> 0:13:44.645 they were telling the Grims came one hundred years prior, 0:13:45.125 --> 0:13:48.725 which would explain why the story had different versions. But 0:13:48.805 --> 0:13:53.765 the main tale is called Le Petit chaperone rouge. Translated, 0:13:53.885 --> 0:13:56.805 it means Little Red riding hood, and it was written 0:13:56.885 --> 0:13:59.805 by the same man who gave us the Little Glass slipper, 0:14:00.285 --> 0:14:06.525 Charles Perrault. In his version, Little Red gives her some 0:14:06.565 --> 0:14:09.845 food to take to her grandmother because her grandmother is sick. 0:14:10.685 --> 0:14:13.285 As she walks through the forest, a wolf spots a 0:14:13.325 --> 0:14:16.525 young girl. He wants to eat her, but he doesn't 0:14:16.605 --> 0:14:20.965 dare do so because there are woodcutters nearby. Instead, he 0:14:21.045 --> 0:14:25.125 approaches Little Red and asks her where she's headed. Because 0:14:25.245 --> 0:14:28.485 the young girl doesn't know talking to a wolf is dangerous, 0:14:29.045 --> 0:14:31.965 she tells him she is going to visit her sick grandmother. 0:14:33.205 --> 0:14:35.525 The wolf challenges her to a raise to see who 0:14:35.525 --> 0:14:39.045 can get there first. The wolf races down the shortest path, 0:14:39.165 --> 0:14:42.205 while Little Red takes a long path, gathering flowers and 0:14:42.325 --> 0:14:45.405 nuts along the way. When the wolf gets to the 0:14:45.445 --> 0:14:48.285 grandmother's house, he tricks the old woman into thinking he 0:14:48.405 --> 0:14:51.965 is a little Red. Then he eats her and hops 0:14:52.005 --> 0:14:56.765 into bed disguised in her clothes. When the young girl arrives, 0:14:57.005 --> 0:15:00.165 the wolf invites her inside, tells her to take off 0:15:00.245 --> 0:15:03.805 all her clothes and hop into bed with him. After 0:15:03.805 --> 0:15:06.965 the back and forth of my grandmother, what big teeth 0:15:06.965 --> 0:15:18.325 you have, the wolf devours her. Pierrot's story is a 0:15:18.325 --> 0:15:21.885 combination of two other tales that were circulating across Europe, 0:15:22.445 --> 0:15:26.445 the Grandmother's Tail from France and Little Red Hat from 0:15:26.525 --> 0:15:31.605 Italy or Austria, and these tails are even more brutal. 0:15:34.685 --> 0:15:38.005 In the Grandmother's Tail, the little girl's mom gives her 0:15:38.005 --> 0:15:40.565 a loaf of bread and milk to take to the grandmother. 0:15:41.765 --> 0:15:45.125 In the woods, the path splits into two. This is 0:15:45.125 --> 0:15:49.525 where the little girl meets the bazoo or werewolf. He 0:15:49.685 --> 0:15:52.605 asks her which path she is taking, the one of 0:15:52.645 --> 0:15:56.605 needles or of pins. She says needles, and he says 0:15:56.725 --> 0:16:00.765 that's good because he's taking the one of pins along 0:16:00.805 --> 0:16:03.925 the way. The little girl entertains herself by gathering needles, 0:16:04.605 --> 0:16:08.125 but the werewolf straight to the grandmother's house, kills her, 0:16:08.725 --> 0:16:11.645 puts some of her flesh in the pantry and a 0:16:11.685 --> 0:16:14.765 bottle of her blood on the shelf. Then he disguises 0:16:14.845 --> 0:16:19.045 himself and climbs into bed. When the little girl arrives, 0:16:19.205 --> 0:16:21.645 the werewolf tells her to put the milk and bread 0:16:21.685 --> 0:16:24.285 in the pantry and help herself to the meat and 0:16:24.365 --> 0:16:29.565 wine that's in there. The little girl begins to eat, 0:16:29.765 --> 0:16:32.925 and she does so, not knowing she's eating her grandmother's 0:16:32.965 --> 0:16:37.685 flesh and drinking her grandmother's blood. There's a cat who 0:16:37.725 --> 0:16:40.885 shames the girl for doing so, though the story doesn't 0:16:40.925 --> 0:16:43.845 say whether or not the little girl heard the cat. 0:16:44.725 --> 0:16:47.805 Then the werewolf tells a little girl to get undressed 0:16:47.805 --> 0:16:51.365 and come to bed. Every time she asks what should 0:16:51.445 --> 0:16:54.565 she do with a piece of her clothing, the werewolf replies, 0:16:54.845 --> 0:17:03.445 throw it into the fire. It's after the little girl 0:17:03.485 --> 0:17:06.725 climbs into bed that they go through the whole. My, 0:17:07.125 --> 0:17:11.245 what big ears you have, grandmother rigamarole. When the little 0:17:11.285 --> 0:17:14.805 girl mentions, what a big mouth you have, the werewolf responds, 0:17:14.965 --> 0:17:17.885 the better to eat you with my child. But before 0:17:17.925 --> 0:17:20.485 the wolf gets a chance to eat her, Little Red 0:17:20.525 --> 0:17:24.285 says she has to use the bathroom. Oh, grandmother, I 0:17:24.365 --> 0:17:27.605 have to do it outside, and the were wolf responds, 0:17:27.885 --> 0:17:31.125 do it in the bed. Child. There's a little back 0:17:31.165 --> 0:17:34.085 and forth before the were wolf concedes, but he still 0:17:34.125 --> 0:17:37.685 ties a woolf thread around the young girl's ankles. As 0:17:37.725 --> 0:17:40.565 soon as the girl is outside, she ties the string 0:17:40.645 --> 0:17:46.205 to a plum tree. After some time, the werewolf calls out, and, 0:17:46.325 --> 0:17:49.965 not hearing a response, runs outside to see what's going on. 0:17:51.925 --> 0:17:55.245 He sees the young girl has escaped and follows her, 0:17:56.285 --> 0:17:59.245 but just as he catches up, she's closing the door 0:17:59.285 --> 0:18:08.045 to her home, safe and sound. The version from Italy 0:18:08.285 --> 0:18:12.325 or Austria is similar, except the grandmother asks Little Red 0:18:12.405 --> 0:18:15.685 to bring her some soup. Along the way, the young 0:18:15.685 --> 0:18:18.885 girl runs into an ogre, who asks if she's taking 0:18:18.885 --> 0:18:22.845 the path of thorns or the path of stones. Little 0:18:22.845 --> 0:18:26.125 Red says stones and Dilly Dally's picking flowers, while the 0:18:26.165 --> 0:18:28.845 ogre takes a rout of thorns and beats Little Red 0:18:28.845 --> 0:18:32.365 to her grandmother's The ogre then tricks the grandmother into 0:18:32.485 --> 0:18:35.205 letting him in and if you thought the French tale 0:18:35.325 --> 0:18:39.445 was violent, I actually got a little nauseous reading this one. 0:18:39.925 --> 0:18:43.285 Once in the house, the ogre eats the grandmother, ties 0:18:43.325 --> 0:18:46.805 her intestines to the door, replacing the latch string, and 0:18:46.925 --> 0:18:50.565 places her blood, teeth and jaws in the kitchen cupboard. 0:18:51.205 --> 0:18:55.845 Then he disguises himself and jumps into bed. When Little 0:18:55.845 --> 0:18:58.965 Red gets there, she first mentions how the latch string 0:18:59.085 --> 0:19:02.645 is soft. The ogre says it is her grandmother's intestine, 0:19:03.005 --> 0:19:06.165 but when Little Red doesn't hear clearly, just tells her 0:19:06.205 --> 0:19:09.365 to come in. And like the grandmother's tail, the yogre 0:19:09.445 --> 0:19:11.205 has a little Red eat and drink the parts of 0:19:11.285 --> 0:19:14.445 her grandmother that he put in the pantry. And then 0:19:14.525 --> 0:19:17.085 afterward the ogre has a young girl getting into bed 0:19:17.165 --> 0:19:25.325 naked with him before he eats her up. Unlike the 0:19:25.325 --> 0:19:30.245 grim's Little Red, these three tails have strong sexual overtones. 0:19:30.885 --> 0:19:34.565 They all include a naked girl climbing into bed with 0:19:34.725 --> 0:19:39.325 the wolf or ogre. Also, there is no woodcutter to 0:19:39.405 --> 0:19:44.845 save little Red. Different from the Grandmother's tail and Little 0:19:44.845 --> 0:19:49.005 Red hat, Pierrot went a step further. He added a 0:19:49.045 --> 0:19:52.365 moral to the end of his tail that said children 0:19:52.965 --> 0:19:58.205 especially attractive well bred young ladies should never talk to strangers, 0:19:58.845 --> 0:20:01.845 for if they should do so, they may well provide 0:20:01.845 --> 0:20:05.565 dinner for a wolf. I say wolf. But there are 0:20:05.485 --> 0:20:09.045 the various kinds of wolves. There are also those who 0:20:09.125 --> 0:20:15.525 are charming, quiet, polite, unassuming, complacent and sweet who pursue 0:20:15.605 --> 0:20:19.365 young women at home and in the streets. And unfortunately, 0:20:19.805 --> 0:20:22.645 it is these gentle wolves who are the most dangerous 0:20:22.645 --> 0:20:30.485 ones of all. I talked to professor and folklorist doctor 0:20:30.565 --> 0:20:34.365 Lynn McNeil about this story, and she told me that 0:20:34.445 --> 0:20:37.405 this was pretty odd that Pero included this moral at 0:20:37.445 --> 0:20:37.805 the end. 0:20:39.685 --> 0:20:42.565 It's very clearly a warning story. Perau even includes at 0:20:42.565 --> 0:20:46.765 the end like a little rhyme that functions as a moral, 0:20:47.085 --> 0:20:50.845 where he says to his readers, I hope you all 0:20:50.885 --> 0:20:54.565 realize that I'm not talking about wolves here. I'm talking 0:20:54.605 --> 0:20:57.605 about the kind of wolves who walk around in men's clothing. 0:20:58.165 --> 0:21:02.205 And it's just sort of like this, like somber, very 0:21:02.285 --> 0:21:07.085 grim ending. That's like high lighting the metaphor that's going 0:21:07.085 --> 0:21:11.685 on here. Vulnerable young women, predatory men. That's the real risk. 0:21:13.125 --> 0:21:17.325 Those themes of predatory men and vulnerable young women are 0:21:17.405 --> 0:21:21.925 also in little Red hat and the grandmother's tail and 0:21:22.005 --> 0:21:25.085 an interesting thing about the werewolf and the grandmother's tail. 0:21:26.125 --> 0:21:29.685 Some historians believe the story comes from the sixteenth or 0:21:29.805 --> 0:21:34.285 seventeenth century. They think the tale was initially a cautionary 0:21:34.325 --> 0:21:38.045 tale about children being careful when playing in the woods 0:21:38.565 --> 0:21:41.645 because at that time men were going to trial for 0:21:41.725 --> 0:21:47.245 being werewolves and molesting, killing, or eating young kids. These 0:21:47.245 --> 0:21:50.725 stories are already terrible as is, with sexual predators and 0:21:50.845 --> 0:21:54.925 children being eaten, but doctor McNeil says these stories take 0:21:55.005 --> 0:21:55.925 it a step further. 0:21:57.125 --> 0:22:00.805 She's also made to engage in cannibalism. She's told to 0:22:00.925 --> 0:22:04.285 eat and drink a bottle of grandma's blood that the 0:22:04.325 --> 0:22:06.485 wolf is put on the shelf. So it's this strange 0:22:06.525 --> 0:22:10.645 sort of complicit act of cannibalism that she's joining in 0:22:10.685 --> 0:22:14.605 with him on. So it's it's a real interesting level 0:22:14.645 --> 0:22:18.405 of degradation that's being depicted that is erased by the 0:22:18.405 --> 0:22:20.045 time we get to the Grim Brothers version. 0:22:21.325 --> 0:22:23.485 We know by now the brothers Grim did a fair 0:22:23.485 --> 0:22:26.965 amount of editing with all their stories, and for Little 0:22:27.005 --> 0:22:31.885 Red specifically, they're removed any references to sex and cannibalism, 0:22:32.445 --> 0:22:36.605 making it less grotesque, and by adding the woodcutter. They 0:22:36.725 --> 0:22:38.605 also change the story's moral. 0:22:39.485 --> 0:22:43.205 We have this wild, animalistic, predatory male character, and then 0:22:43.205 --> 0:22:47.405 we have this, you know, stout hearted, strong, true, brave, 0:22:47.645 --> 0:22:52.365 capable male character as well. And it's an interesting reframing 0:22:52.445 --> 0:22:56.245 because the grimms are sending a very clear, distinct message. 0:22:56.365 --> 0:22:59.885 It's no longer framed as a warning story. It's more 0:23:00.045 --> 0:23:03.805 framed as a here's how the world works story. We 0:23:03.925 --> 0:23:06.125 still get that message of don't stray from the path, 0:23:06.205 --> 0:23:09.605 don't get led astray, but we're also told you're gonna 0:23:09.605 --> 0:23:12.845 get saved if that does happen. There are mechanisms of 0:23:12.885 --> 0:23:14.525 society by which you might be rescued. 0:23:15.925 --> 0:23:20.645 Although these variations present different morals, doctor McNeil says the 0:23:20.765 --> 0:23:24.885 overall symbolism of the character of Little Red stays the same. 0:23:26.125 --> 0:23:29.085 Scholars have suggested that the red hat or the cloak 0:23:29.165 --> 0:23:33.005 is a symbol of puberty of maturity, that it represents 0:23:33.405 --> 0:23:37.765 maturation or even specifically menstruation, the beginning the onset of 0:23:37.805 --> 0:23:42.405 a young girl menstruating, becoming sexually viable as an adult biologically, 0:23:42.805 --> 0:23:45.605 and that, of course when she sets out in the 0:23:45.605 --> 0:23:49.485 world with this new adult status, that's when the wolves come. 0:23:50.365 --> 0:23:53.605 There's other schools of thought, though, and an old line 0:23:53.645 --> 0:23:57.165 of academic thinking, the school of solar mythology, had that 0:23:57.285 --> 0:24:01.205 all stories in the end boiled down to some element 0:24:01.325 --> 0:24:04.645 of the sun struggling against the devouring night, in which 0:24:04.645 --> 0:24:07.845 case Red riding Hood cloak becomes a solar symbol, and 0:24:07.885 --> 0:24:11.165 she's representing the warmth and the safety of daylight, and 0:24:11.205 --> 0:24:14.125 the wolf is the dark, devouring night coming after her. 0:24:16.245 --> 0:24:20.045 As if Little Red Riding Hood wasn't complicated enough, Throughout 0:24:20.045 --> 0:24:23.565 the years, each retelling changes why the young girl strays 0:24:23.565 --> 0:24:26.485 from the path, and the tales we heard about it's 0:24:26.525 --> 0:24:30.405 because she's picking flowers or gathering pine needles. But then 0:24:30.565 --> 0:24:34.205 during the nineteenth century Victorian era, Little Red veers off 0:24:34.245 --> 0:24:38.285 the trail because she wants to disobey her mom. But 0:24:38.325 --> 0:24:54.965 what makes her stray from the path these days? In 0:24:55.005 --> 0:24:58.365 almost all the Little Red riding Hood stories, a little 0:24:58.365 --> 0:25:02.205 girl takes a detour in the woods, and today's versions 0:25:02.805 --> 0:25:07.165 Red is still taking a detour, but it's not as literal. 0:25:08.165 --> 0:25:10.085 Doctor McNeil explains. 0:25:10.765 --> 0:25:14.645 The initial setup that we get really was pigeonholing these characters. 0:25:14.725 --> 0:25:17.325 You know, a young girl is going to be vulnerable 0:25:17.365 --> 0:25:20.685 and in danger, and a scary wolf is going to 0:25:20.725 --> 0:25:26.445 be a predator and evil, and those binaries are really 0:25:26.525 --> 0:25:30.365 inherent in fairy tales, but the door is open now 0:25:30.365 --> 0:25:32.325 for us to comment on them. And this is something 0:25:32.365 --> 0:25:35.205 that as we as a society move forward, we want 0:25:35.205 --> 0:25:38.565 to nuance. We want to understand these things. We don't 0:25:38.605 --> 0:25:41.685 want to see evil as an absolute. We try and 0:25:41.765 --> 0:25:45.525 put things like crime and punishment in a human context. Now, 0:25:45.605 --> 0:25:48.845 what causes this, what leads people to make choices? That 0:25:49.525 --> 0:25:52.165 the choices might be bad, but that doesn't mean people 0:25:52.805 --> 0:25:58.165 are inherently bad, And that nuanced understanding of humanity is 0:25:58.165 --> 0:26:01.925 something we see reflected in how we handle fairy tales now, 0:26:01.965 --> 0:26:04.285 the fact that we want to say, well, what does 0:26:04.325 --> 0:26:07.245 this look like from the wolf perspective? The wolf has 0:26:07.285 --> 0:26:10.725 a past, the wolf has a context, The wolf has 0:26:11.045 --> 0:26:12.365 instinctive drives. 0:26:13.605 --> 0:26:17.605 Like with Rumpelstilskin today, we want to know the motivations 0:26:17.605 --> 0:26:22.165 of all the characters, even the villains. And doctor McNeil says, 0:26:22.485 --> 0:26:24.565 the wolf is a perfect anti hero. 0:26:25.645 --> 0:26:28.845 We love that. The idea of the anti hero now 0:26:29.285 --> 0:26:31.085 is something that we want to run with and we've 0:26:31.085 --> 0:26:33.925 got this perfect character with which to do it, The 0:26:34.005 --> 0:26:37.725 big bad Wolf, right, and so we get to play 0:26:37.765 --> 0:26:42.005 with these ideas because they're still relevant to us, but 0:26:42.045 --> 0:26:45.645 in these totally different, totally nuanced ways, and we get 0:26:46.005 --> 0:26:49.605 things like Hoodwinked, things like Into the Woods that turn 0:26:49.685 --> 0:26:54.045 these ideas on their heads on purpose that wouldn't work 0:26:54.085 --> 0:26:57.965 if we didn't all know the original story. 0:27:01.285 --> 0:27:04.805