1 00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:06,680 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind from how Stuff 2 00:00:06,680 --> 00:00:14,000 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. 3 00:00:14,040 --> 00:00:17,000 Speaker 1: My name is Robert Lamb, and I'm Julie Douglas. We're 4 00:00:17,040 --> 00:00:21,120 Speaker 1: all decked out for Halloween. One of four Halloween episodes 5 00:00:21,120 --> 00:00:23,360 Speaker 1: that we're doing. And if it's not Halloween and you're listening, 6 00:00:23,400 --> 00:00:25,840 Speaker 1: I mean, keep going, because these are good anytime, but 7 00:00:25,840 --> 00:00:28,880 Speaker 1: but we're particularly excited about these topics because we get 8 00:00:28,920 --> 00:00:31,760 Speaker 1: to hie them in with our Halloween enthusiasm. In fact 9 00:00:31,800 --> 00:00:35,200 Speaker 1: that we were recording this in costume. Um, Julie, would 10 00:00:35,240 --> 00:00:39,000 Speaker 1: you describe your costume? Um? Well, it's kind of hard 11 00:00:39,000 --> 00:00:43,040 Speaker 1: to describe because I think I just look very uh well, 12 00:00:43,080 --> 00:00:45,440 Speaker 1: I mean I've got a lot of stainless steel surrounding 13 00:00:45,479 --> 00:00:48,960 Speaker 1: me right now, yes, and people keep dumping vegetables into me, 14 00:00:49,800 --> 00:00:52,440 Speaker 1: and then like two hours later, I produce a substance. 15 00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:56,640 Speaker 1: Can you guess what I am? Um? You're do? You 16 00:00:56,720 --> 00:00:58,520 Speaker 1: look kind of like a robot with soup on you? 17 00:00:59,320 --> 00:01:02,320 Speaker 1: But I thought was the costume like a super robot 18 00:01:02,360 --> 00:01:07,280 Speaker 1: that wasn't very like complex and just kept spilling my soup? Yeah? 19 00:01:07,480 --> 00:01:11,880 Speaker 1: Right now now I'm the Chloeac Machine. Oh, that's gross. 20 00:01:12,160 --> 00:01:17,440 Speaker 1: I know. Yeah, it's a it's a terrifying, uh Halloween costume, 21 00:01:17,520 --> 00:01:19,760 Speaker 1: which we will describe a little and a little more 22 00:01:19,760 --> 00:01:21,720 Speaker 1: detail at the end of this this podcast. And we 23 00:01:21,760 --> 00:01:24,640 Speaker 1: but we mentioned it in a previous one about digesting robots. 24 00:01:25,319 --> 00:01:28,520 Speaker 1: So you are a digesting robot more like the pooping duck. 25 00:01:28,600 --> 00:01:30,800 Speaker 1: And and just to make everybody feel better, there's some 26 00:01:30,959 --> 00:01:34,000 Speaker 1: actual stuff produced by me. But if you had like 27 00:01:34,040 --> 00:01:36,120 Speaker 1: brought in some like soft served chocolate ice cream, that 28 00:01:36,120 --> 00:01:38,280 Speaker 1: would have been appropriate based on the pictures I've seen 29 00:01:38,360 --> 00:01:43,240 Speaker 1: of the poop that the Cloaca bot produces. Yes, yes, yes, gosh, 30 00:01:43,240 --> 00:01:45,919 Speaker 1: now you've told everybody in my secret. Okay, so you 31 00:01:45,920 --> 00:01:48,840 Speaker 1: you're sitting over there eating your your Halloween candy. What 32 00:01:48,920 --> 00:01:51,720 Speaker 1: are you? I am? Humpty hump See you noticed the 33 00:01:51,760 --> 00:01:54,400 Speaker 1: glasses and the large fig nos in the first from 34 00:01:54,480 --> 00:01:57,080 Speaker 1: you know, Digital Underground, right, I thought I thought it 35 00:01:57,120 --> 00:02:01,280 Speaker 1: was just Wednesday. Now this is my Humpty costume. UM 36 00:02:01,400 --> 00:02:04,440 Speaker 1: A big big fan from way back, especially the Digital 37 00:02:04,520 --> 00:02:09,600 Speaker 1: Underground cameo with tupac in um that horrible dan ackroid 38 00:02:09,639 --> 00:02:12,720 Speaker 1: movie Nothing but Trouble. Oh goodness, I have to say 39 00:02:12,760 --> 00:02:15,320 Speaker 1: that I have not seen that it was like Danacroid's 40 00:02:15,320 --> 00:02:18,480 Speaker 1: pet project and and God bless him, it's it's it's 41 00:02:18,520 --> 00:02:21,400 Speaker 1: a horrible film that Gimmy Moore in it and uh 42 00:02:21,760 --> 00:02:24,880 Speaker 1: Chevy Chase, and it's just it's very Halloween theme, like 43 00:02:24,919 --> 00:02:27,800 Speaker 1: a kind of a haunted house and all these grotesque 44 00:02:27,840 --> 00:02:30,440 Speaker 1: characters running around and not really funny at all. And 45 00:02:30,480 --> 00:02:33,280 Speaker 1: then there's just this huge theme or digital underground is 46 00:02:33,280 --> 00:02:37,040 Speaker 1: is brought before the the the Evil Judge, one of 47 00:02:37,160 --> 00:02:40,560 Speaker 1: like eighteen characters played by Dan Ackroyd in this, and 48 00:02:40,560 --> 00:02:43,720 Speaker 1: then they're made to perform that sounds like the result 49 00:02:43,800 --> 00:02:47,200 Speaker 1: of too much money, too much time, and too many stimulants. 50 00:02:47,240 --> 00:02:51,120 Speaker 1: So speaking of yes, speaking of stimulants. Not not too 51 00:02:51,160 --> 00:02:54,200 Speaker 1: much time, time or money, but stimulants, speaking stimulants. So 52 00:02:54,280 --> 00:02:56,720 Speaker 1: we're of course talking about it's Halloween. You think Halloween, 53 00:02:56,720 --> 00:03:00,360 Speaker 1: you think Halloween. Candy. The topic of this particular podcast 54 00:03:00,440 --> 00:03:03,399 Speaker 1: the candy Cordinace, and we're we're not just talking about 55 00:03:03,480 --> 00:03:06,800 Speaker 1: candy corn, but about various candies and just sugar in 56 00:03:06,880 --> 00:03:11,480 Speaker 1: general as a is a childhood obsession and to a 57 00:03:11,480 --> 00:03:15,000 Speaker 1: certain extent, and adulthood obsession as well. Yeah, Yeah, why 58 00:03:15,160 --> 00:03:18,239 Speaker 1: kids are so transfixed and why we are too. Why 59 00:03:18,280 --> 00:03:22,520 Speaker 1: we continue to be just sort of going to that 60 00:03:22,600 --> 00:03:26,400 Speaker 1: siren call of candy except for candy corn, for me, 61 00:03:26,560 --> 00:03:29,080 Speaker 1: for you. I'm in the camp of hating candy corn. 62 00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:31,520 Speaker 1: I don't think it really should exist other than to 63 00:03:31,760 --> 00:03:37,800 Speaker 1: create little things with um way abomination. Well, I this 64 00:03:37,840 --> 00:03:40,760 Speaker 1: was we're talking about this yesterday and I I asked 65 00:03:40,760 --> 00:03:43,800 Speaker 1: people on the house stuff Works main Facebook page. I 66 00:03:43,840 --> 00:03:45,880 Speaker 1: was like, hey, guys, what's what's your favorite candy and 67 00:03:45,880 --> 00:03:47,800 Speaker 1: what candies? How do we tip candies do you find 68 00:03:47,800 --> 00:03:53,200 Speaker 1: is particularly vile? And a number of people mentioned candy corn. Uh. 69 00:03:53,360 --> 00:03:57,360 Speaker 1: At least one person mentioned my least favorite candy, which 70 00:03:57,680 --> 00:04:00,800 Speaker 1: happens to be circus peanuts, which are you know those 71 00:04:00,920 --> 00:04:03,440 Speaker 1: giants like they I guess they kind of they're kind 72 00:04:03,440 --> 00:04:07,200 Speaker 1: of molded to look like a giant swollen peanut. But 73 00:04:07,280 --> 00:04:09,240 Speaker 1: it's made of some are thought you're going to say 74 00:04:09,280 --> 00:04:13,880 Speaker 1: something else, some sort of orange spongy material that may 75 00:04:13,960 --> 00:04:17,080 Speaker 1: or may not be food but is ingested. It's it's 76 00:04:17,080 --> 00:04:19,760 Speaker 1: it's really grim And then uh, I asked my wife 77 00:04:19,920 --> 00:04:25,840 Speaker 1: and she she mentioned Boston beans. It's like who would 78 00:04:25,920 --> 00:04:28,120 Speaker 1: name a candy buston? And then and then there we'll 79 00:04:28,120 --> 00:04:30,839 Speaker 1: talk about some other disgusting candies as we we go forth, 80 00:04:31,120 --> 00:04:34,719 Speaker 1: and and also maybe candies that are not all that 81 00:04:34,839 --> 00:04:38,280 Speaker 1: disgusting as far as their taste may go, but there 82 00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:42,720 Speaker 1: their marketing has been some questionable and uh and if 83 00:04:42,760 --> 00:04:44,520 Speaker 1: I had to pick one though that I'm not really 84 00:04:44,560 --> 00:04:46,440 Speaker 1: a candy eater anymore. And this is something we're gonna 85 00:04:46,440 --> 00:04:48,920 Speaker 1: talk about, how adults tend to move more and more 86 00:04:48,960 --> 00:04:52,080 Speaker 1: away from candy while children cannot get enough. I will 87 00:04:52,080 --> 00:04:56,800 Speaker 1: occasionally have a hankering for some Twizzlers. Ah yeah, and 88 00:04:56,839 --> 00:04:58,840 Speaker 1: I bet that it's probably that that time of the 89 00:04:58,880 --> 00:05:01,240 Speaker 1: day when you're Circadian the self dropped right, and you 90 00:05:01,279 --> 00:05:05,480 Speaker 1: need an easy pick up Twizzler o'clock, Twizzler o'clock, three o'clock. 91 00:05:05,760 --> 00:05:08,080 Speaker 1: I see them on your desk, not on them. Yeah, 92 00:05:08,120 --> 00:05:10,760 Speaker 1: well no, you don't. Don't. Don't make the listeners, especially 93 00:05:10,760 --> 00:05:14,280 Speaker 1: my wife, think that I'm pulling out twisted every afternoon 94 00:05:14,720 --> 00:05:17,719 Speaker 1: from your little safe underneath your desk. I don't know 95 00:05:17,800 --> 00:05:21,240 Speaker 1: what else is in there, the Twizzler safe. Yeah well, okay, great, 96 00:05:21,279 --> 00:05:23,920 Speaker 1: now I've got explaining to do. But but anyway, so 97 00:05:24,240 --> 00:05:27,279 Speaker 1: let's let's move on. So why are kids so into 98 00:05:27,320 --> 00:05:30,279 Speaker 1: candy like Why are they because they were just obsessed 99 00:05:30,320 --> 00:05:31,800 Speaker 1: with it? Well, we should probably talk about it from 100 00:05:31,800 --> 00:05:35,359 Speaker 1: evolutionary perspective. Yes, yeah, let's let's because if they're craving it, 101 00:05:35,400 --> 00:05:37,640 Speaker 1: there's there's something at work there. We tend not to 102 00:05:37,640 --> 00:05:41,719 Speaker 1: crave things unless we need it on some level. So, 103 00:05:41,720 --> 00:05:44,919 Speaker 1: so on a very basic level, like what is sugar about? 104 00:05:45,000 --> 00:05:47,600 Speaker 1: As a structural material, sugar is involved in just about 105 00:05:47,600 --> 00:05:51,000 Speaker 1: every aspect of our biology. It's involved in recognizing pathogens, 106 00:05:51,080 --> 00:05:55,159 Speaker 1: blood clotting, enabling sperm to penetrate the ovum, regulating the 107 00:05:55,240 --> 00:05:59,120 Speaker 1: half life of hormones, directing embriyonic development, acting as an 108 00:05:59,120 --> 00:06:02,960 Speaker 1: address code for directing traffic of various cells and proteins. 109 00:06:03,000 --> 00:06:05,520 Speaker 1: Of course, this doesn't mean that it's it's a good nutrient, 110 00:06:05,720 --> 00:06:08,640 Speaker 1: like it's it's right when it comes to uh that 111 00:06:08,720 --> 00:06:12,440 Speaker 1: it's like mostly calories and no vitamins, no fiber, and 112 00:06:12,480 --> 00:06:16,479 Speaker 1: it's liking the good stuff you'll find and things like apples, oranges, oranges, 113 00:06:16,920 --> 00:06:20,320 Speaker 1: other fruits that deliver sugar, but also other helpful things. Yeah, 114 00:06:20,320 --> 00:06:23,000 Speaker 1: when we talk about sugar, we should probably acknowledge that, right, So, yeah, 115 00:06:23,040 --> 00:06:26,440 Speaker 1: definitely fruits carry that. So it's it's an easy, quick 116 00:06:26,640 --> 00:06:30,000 Speaker 1: burst of energy. Yes, you've got you know glucose, and 117 00:06:30,080 --> 00:06:32,520 Speaker 1: glucose is quite a prize when you're surviving in an 118 00:06:32,600 --> 00:06:35,279 Speaker 1: environment where food is hard to come by. Right, So 119 00:06:35,320 --> 00:06:37,839 Speaker 1: if you came upon an apple, that would be great. Although, 120 00:06:37,839 --> 00:06:39,560 Speaker 1: of course apple has fiber, so it's gonna full you 121 00:06:39,640 --> 00:06:42,320 Speaker 1: up a little bit more. Just from a evolutionary perspective, 122 00:06:42,480 --> 00:06:45,120 Speaker 1: we know that this would be important for us having 123 00:06:45,160 --> 00:06:47,560 Speaker 1: a leg up in the survival game. Right. It gives 124 00:06:47,560 --> 00:06:49,360 Speaker 1: you a little boost. Uh. And if we if we've 125 00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:53,480 Speaker 1: discussed in our one of our previous topics about decision fatigue, 126 00:06:53,880 --> 00:06:56,559 Speaker 1: that boost is not just like a physical energy boost 127 00:06:56,600 --> 00:06:59,360 Speaker 1: that can also help you in your ability to navigate 128 00:06:59,400 --> 00:07:01,400 Speaker 1: the world around you to figure out what choice you're 129 00:07:01,400 --> 00:07:03,800 Speaker 1: gonna make. Are you gonna when when you're running from 130 00:07:03,839 --> 00:07:06,880 Speaker 1: that sudden sabretooth tiger attack, are you gonna Are you 131 00:07:06,920 --> 00:07:08,919 Speaker 1: gonna run towards the rock or you're gonna run towards 132 00:07:08,920 --> 00:07:11,720 Speaker 1: the tree. Maybe that fruit you just date off the 133 00:07:11,760 --> 00:07:14,080 Speaker 1: ground is going to give you the mental leg up 134 00:07:14,160 --> 00:07:17,880 Speaker 1: you need to know which place is gonna mean your survival. Yeah, yeah, 135 00:07:17,880 --> 00:07:20,040 Speaker 1: And you brought this up the other day when we 136 00:07:20,040 --> 00:07:22,640 Speaker 1: were just sort of casually talking about the topic about 137 00:07:22,680 --> 00:07:26,280 Speaker 1: how it really does help your decision making abilities, especially 138 00:07:26,280 --> 00:07:29,320 Speaker 1: in the context of decision fatigue, which we talked about before, 139 00:07:29,880 --> 00:07:33,240 Speaker 1: and we talked about a study there where the judges 140 00:07:33,720 --> 00:07:37,200 Speaker 1: were becoming extremely fatigued and they were making decisions that were, 141 00:07:37,920 --> 00:07:41,520 Speaker 1: you know, essentially just kind of putting off the parole 142 00:07:41,720 --> 00:07:44,360 Speaker 1: decision that they were trying to make. And they found 143 00:07:44,400 --> 00:07:46,680 Speaker 1: that when the judges were given a quick burst of 144 00:07:46,720 --> 00:07:49,600 Speaker 1: sugar in the form of fruits, that all of a sudden, 145 00:07:49,640 --> 00:07:53,040 Speaker 1: their decision making came back online. So it makes you 146 00:07:53,080 --> 00:07:56,280 Speaker 1: think that that like, especially in the courtroom and basically 147 00:07:56,280 --> 00:07:58,920 Speaker 1: need a big hummingbird feeder full of sugar water for 148 00:07:58,920 --> 00:08:01,440 Speaker 1: for the judges. Yeah, I mean, really, if you've got 149 00:08:01,440 --> 00:08:03,520 Speaker 1: a case at three o'clock in the afternoon, you should 150 00:08:03,520 --> 00:08:06,520 Speaker 1: probably bring a snack for the judge, although you need 151 00:08:06,560 --> 00:08:09,560 Speaker 1: to clear it with the security guard first. Yeah, that 152 00:08:09,600 --> 00:08:12,000 Speaker 1: would be bad form if you did not. So let's 153 00:08:12,000 --> 00:08:14,640 Speaker 1: go in the way back machine and look at prohibition 154 00:08:15,240 --> 00:08:19,400 Speaker 1: and how actually, wait, we just traveled back into the past. 155 00:08:19,400 --> 00:08:23,280 Speaker 1: So aren't we going forward at this point? Oh we are, Well, 156 00:08:23,320 --> 00:08:25,360 Speaker 1: we were still in the way back machine. But anyway, 157 00:08:25,400 --> 00:08:27,280 Speaker 1: well yeah, okay, let's go in the way back and 158 00:08:27,280 --> 00:08:30,760 Speaker 1: forth machine. Okay, that works as forwarding. Then from the 159 00:08:30,760 --> 00:08:36,160 Speaker 1: saber tooth, tiger dodging, ground fruit eating caveman dates and 160 00:08:36,280 --> 00:08:40,600 Speaker 1: now we're prohibition. Yea, everybody's doing to Charleston biglebee gowns 161 00:08:40,840 --> 00:08:45,080 Speaker 1: are being worn, and alcohol is getting itself. Um and 162 00:08:45,400 --> 00:08:48,520 Speaker 1: in the United States, that's right, it's not as readily available. 163 00:08:48,640 --> 00:08:52,320 Speaker 1: So what do they find is happening? They find that uh, 164 00:08:52,600 --> 00:08:57,120 Speaker 1: candy like nickel nips no tittering please, these are wax 165 00:08:57,200 --> 00:09:01,160 Speaker 1: bottles with sugar sort up become really popular growing probe 166 00:09:01,280 --> 00:09:04,280 Speaker 1: and these are still around. Um. I picked them up 167 00:09:04,280 --> 00:09:06,199 Speaker 1: as a novelty a few years back to take to 168 00:09:06,520 --> 00:09:09,720 Speaker 1: uh Mystery sent theater night, which I get to every week, 169 00:09:09,760 --> 00:09:11,480 Speaker 1: and used to we would have more of an emphasis 170 00:09:11,520 --> 00:09:14,800 Speaker 1: on absurd candies like nerds, rope and stuff. But we 171 00:09:14,880 --> 00:09:18,200 Speaker 1: got over that because we're older and wiser. But but 172 00:09:18,360 --> 00:09:20,120 Speaker 1: I remember bringing some of those and they're they're just 173 00:09:20,400 --> 00:09:23,360 Speaker 1: really gross. I mean, I guess, like I say, I'm 174 00:09:23,400 --> 00:09:26,520 Speaker 1: I'm I'm approaching this as as a non for the 175 00:09:26,559 --> 00:09:29,120 Speaker 1: most part, a non candy person. So kids, I'm sure 176 00:09:29,280 --> 00:09:31,199 Speaker 1: we'll still find them very exciting because it's like this 177 00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:35,400 Speaker 1: little wax bottle filled with something that is it's a 178 00:09:35,480 --> 00:09:38,760 Speaker 1: liquid and I guess it's like colored sugar water kind 179 00:09:38,760 --> 00:09:40,599 Speaker 1: of a thing, some sort of weird syrup. And I 180 00:09:40,760 --> 00:09:43,719 Speaker 1: actually thought about picking them up for this podcast, but 181 00:09:43,760 --> 00:09:45,240 Speaker 1: we record in the morning, and I was gonna have 182 00:09:45,280 --> 00:09:47,319 Speaker 1: to pick them up in the morning, and I might 183 00:09:47,600 --> 00:09:51,480 Speaker 1: get arrested if I'm seen buying what are these called again, uh, 184 00:09:51,720 --> 00:09:54,040 Speaker 1: nickel nips, nickel nips, Or I go into a store 185 00:09:54,040 --> 00:09:57,160 Speaker 1: asking for nickel nips at eight am. You're probably have 186 00:09:57,200 --> 00:09:58,960 Speaker 1: to go to a specific store for this. I don't 187 00:09:58,960 --> 00:10:01,760 Speaker 1: think that this is just a your corner drug store. Yeah, 188 00:10:01,800 --> 00:10:03,240 Speaker 1: and they're available now, but I don't know if they 189 00:10:03,320 --> 00:10:05,520 Speaker 1: make them anymore. Like have this suspicion that candies like 190 00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:09,640 Speaker 1: nickel nips and Circus peanuts that they haven't been made 191 00:10:09,640 --> 00:10:11,839 Speaker 1: in decades. They just made enough of them and the 192 00:10:11,920 --> 00:10:15,000 Speaker 1: consumption rate is so low. But you know, if you 193 00:10:15,080 --> 00:10:17,719 Speaker 1: open a new drug store and you're just issued some 194 00:10:17,880 --> 00:10:21,400 Speaker 1: nickel nips and some Boston beans and some Circus peanuts, 195 00:10:21,440 --> 00:10:22,880 Speaker 1: and then and they're like, all right, you got your candy. 196 00:10:23,080 --> 00:10:27,080 Speaker 1: It's like government issues subsidized a shelf light of five years. 197 00:10:27,280 --> 00:10:29,000 Speaker 1: We've got to get rid of them. But yeah, I mean, 198 00:10:29,120 --> 00:10:31,679 Speaker 1: this is what people were tipping back in lieu of 199 00:10:31,800 --> 00:10:34,360 Speaker 1: alcohol because it was giving them a sugar rush, and 200 00:10:34,440 --> 00:10:37,200 Speaker 1: people were to eat drinking like massive amounts of alcohol 201 00:10:37,240 --> 00:10:39,079 Speaker 1: before prohibition. That's one thing to to keep in mind. 202 00:10:39,160 --> 00:10:41,800 Speaker 1: It's not just an issue of like, oh well, we 203 00:10:41,880 --> 00:10:44,520 Speaker 1: were drinking and then we had this brief period where 204 00:10:44,600 --> 00:10:46,400 Speaker 1: we cut back because it was illegal, and then we 205 00:10:46,480 --> 00:10:49,720 Speaker 1: were right back where we started. According to Ken Burns, 206 00:10:49,800 --> 00:10:52,840 Speaker 1: who currently or by the time they sit airs, they 207 00:10:52,920 --> 00:10:54,400 Speaker 1: may have varied the entire mini series. Have the new 208 00:10:54,440 --> 00:10:58,199 Speaker 1: mini series Prohibition that goes into great detail about the 209 00:10:58,840 --> 00:11:01,760 Speaker 1: roots of prohibition and then uh, you know, draw parallels 210 00:11:01,800 --> 00:11:05,880 Speaker 1: to current political climates. And he pointed out before prohibition, 211 00:11:06,200 --> 00:11:10,120 Speaker 1: the average person was consuming somewhere between ninety and a 212 00:11:10,200 --> 00:11:15,199 Speaker 1: hundred and eighty bottles per year of alcohol. Okay, so 213 00:11:15,600 --> 00:11:17,000 Speaker 1: a lot of that booze is going to have a 214 00:11:17,360 --> 00:11:20,000 Speaker 1: fair amount of sugar in it. Yeah, yeah, and so 215 00:11:20,160 --> 00:11:22,400 Speaker 1: we know right exactly, So it's sort of a double whammy. 216 00:11:22,480 --> 00:11:25,040 Speaker 1: And we know that with the sugar rush and with 217 00:11:25,200 --> 00:11:28,640 Speaker 1: alcohol that it's going to start affecting the reward center 218 00:11:28,720 --> 00:11:31,439 Speaker 1: of our brain. Right, So this is obviously why we 219 00:11:31,840 --> 00:11:33,679 Speaker 1: keep coming back to it time and time and again, 220 00:11:33,840 --> 00:11:36,160 Speaker 1: and that's why during that time period it was viewed 221 00:11:36,200 --> 00:11:39,120 Speaker 1: as an epidemic. So let's talk about the reward center 222 00:11:39,160 --> 00:11:42,240 Speaker 1: and candy. Basically, we have sugar causing the release of 223 00:11:42,360 --> 00:11:45,840 Speaker 1: dopamine in the nucleus incumbents old friend nucleus that combins 224 00:11:46,320 --> 00:11:47,760 Speaker 1: which I see, I feel like we talked about a 225 00:11:47,800 --> 00:11:51,440 Speaker 1: lot lately, um delivering the classic sugar high. So Neurosciences 226 00:11:51,559 --> 00:11:55,040 Speaker 1: Behavioral Review reports that binging on sugar stimulates the same 227 00:11:55,120 --> 00:11:59,679 Speaker 1: euphoric pathway targeted by hardcore drugs like cocaine and can 228 00:11:59,720 --> 00:12:04,679 Speaker 1: cause similar withdrawal, craving, and cross sensitilization. So it's no 229 00:12:05,040 --> 00:12:08,040 Speaker 1: wonder that one of the slang terms for cocaine is 230 00:12:08,120 --> 00:12:11,120 Speaker 1: nose candy. Oh yeah, yeah, so yeah, it's the same 231 00:12:11,240 --> 00:12:13,679 Speaker 1: ding ding in the brain. Not to be confused with 232 00:12:13,760 --> 00:12:16,600 Speaker 1: ding dongs, which are like a there's not definitely a candy, 233 00:12:16,679 --> 00:12:20,120 Speaker 1: I guess, but a a junk sweet food, yes, yes. 234 00:12:21,000 --> 00:12:23,000 Speaker 1: And another thing though, to keep in mind about prohibition 235 00:12:23,040 --> 00:12:25,880 Speaker 1: real quick is that the alcohol makers and the and 236 00:12:25,920 --> 00:12:28,800 Speaker 1: the brewers a lot of them found themselves unable to 237 00:12:28,960 --> 00:12:31,920 Speaker 1: legally produce alcohol, so they turned their attention to creating 238 00:12:32,480 --> 00:12:36,600 Speaker 1: candies or sugary sodas. That's right. Yeah. So so suddenly 239 00:12:36,640 --> 00:12:38,120 Speaker 1: a lot of the guys that were in the business 240 00:12:38,240 --> 00:12:42,680 Speaker 1: of giving you your alcohol were now saying, well, that's illegal, 241 00:12:42,840 --> 00:12:47,120 Speaker 1: but we have orange soda like crazy, so drink this instead, right, 242 00:12:47,160 --> 00:12:50,439 Speaker 1: and you can get a quick little high and system. Yeah. 243 00:12:50,520 --> 00:12:52,920 Speaker 1: So it's the new drug ar Okay. So back in 244 00:12:52,960 --> 00:12:56,040 Speaker 1: the time machine a little bit forward here the Great Depression, 245 00:12:57,120 --> 00:13:01,200 Speaker 1: and then now you see candy being come completely marketed 246 00:13:01,280 --> 00:13:04,439 Speaker 1: in another way. Right, So, as you mentioned, it was 247 00:13:04,720 --> 00:13:08,800 Speaker 1: in the form of Kula's. But now, I mean, resources 248 00:13:08,840 --> 00:13:12,920 Speaker 1: are seriously scarce and people are not able to actually 249 00:13:13,040 --> 00:13:15,040 Speaker 1: buy a full meal or make a full meal for 250 00:13:15,120 --> 00:13:17,400 Speaker 1: themselves or their families. So they go to the store 251 00:13:18,000 --> 00:13:21,160 Speaker 1: and they buy themselves a chicken dinner candy bar. That 252 00:13:21,320 --> 00:13:24,640 Speaker 1: is truth. That sounds at all I like, I looked 253 00:13:24,640 --> 00:13:26,000 Speaker 1: it up. You can if you do a Google imag 254 00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:29,480 Speaker 1: search on chicken Dinner candy bar, you will find images 255 00:13:29,679 --> 00:13:33,760 Speaker 1: of this this awesome and terrifying like like like you 256 00:13:33,920 --> 00:13:36,360 Speaker 1: as you stress that it was not flavored like a 257 00:13:36,440 --> 00:13:39,280 Speaker 1: chicken dinner. This is not like the candy that they 258 00:13:39,360 --> 00:13:42,000 Speaker 1: have in uh In Willy Wonka that tastes like a 259 00:13:42,080 --> 00:13:45,240 Speaker 1: seven course meal. It's just a candy bar. The gimmick 260 00:13:45,320 --> 00:13:47,880 Speaker 1: here is, Hey, you don't have time or money, um 261 00:13:48,480 --> 00:13:51,400 Speaker 1: et cetera to have an actual chicken dinner, buy a 262 00:13:51,440 --> 00:13:54,559 Speaker 1: candy bar instead. Right, And according to Beth Camerly Issues, 263 00:13:54,559 --> 00:13:57,600 Speaker 1: the author of Candy the Sweet History, that the package 264 00:13:57,720 --> 00:14:00,959 Speaker 1: actually had a picture of a coasted chicken with like 265 00:14:01,080 --> 00:14:04,600 Speaker 1: steam coming off of it, which again it's just sounds 266 00:14:04,679 --> 00:14:07,360 Speaker 1: kind of awful and disgusting, but they were trying to 267 00:14:07,720 --> 00:14:11,199 Speaker 1: to to market this as healthy and inexpensive. Hearing that, 268 00:14:11,320 --> 00:14:13,120 Speaker 1: on one level, I'm like, oh my goodness, what an 269 00:14:13,440 --> 00:14:15,720 Speaker 1: unenlightened age, or you know, or I want to make 270 00:14:15,760 --> 00:14:19,080 Speaker 1: you know judgments about about the differences. But you go 271 00:14:19,160 --> 00:14:20,720 Speaker 1: to the store now and you have all these things 272 00:14:20,840 --> 00:14:23,560 Speaker 1: like the like the cliff bars, and various diet and 273 00:14:23,760 --> 00:14:27,640 Speaker 1: energy bars, and and those may not be marketed as 274 00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:31,480 Speaker 1: here is a substitute for your dinner, but but it 275 00:14:31,640 --> 00:14:34,200 Speaker 1: is very much the idea of here is the equivalent 276 00:14:34,200 --> 00:14:38,440 Speaker 1: of a meal or huge energy punch in bar form. Well, yeah, 277 00:14:38,480 --> 00:14:40,680 Speaker 1: but you can also look at fast food joints and 278 00:14:41,000 --> 00:14:43,480 Speaker 1: you can you know, the dollar menu is a good example, right, 279 00:14:43,560 --> 00:14:46,640 Speaker 1: so they have um, you know obviously like there's much 280 00:14:46,680 --> 00:14:48,840 Speaker 1: more protein, there's much more to this in terms of 281 00:14:48,920 --> 00:14:51,440 Speaker 1: what a person is consuming. That it's the same idea 282 00:14:51,520 --> 00:14:54,040 Speaker 1: of here's this healthy and inexpensive thing, it's a dollar 283 00:14:54,480 --> 00:14:58,200 Speaker 1: when in fact it's something that's unhealthy and it's very 284 00:14:58,280 --> 00:15:00,680 Speaker 1: much subsidized and may have basically come out of a 285 00:15:00,680 --> 00:15:05,160 Speaker 1: clot Well we'll see, we'll see in two hours. But 286 00:15:05,360 --> 00:15:08,160 Speaker 1: you know that the same sort of idea exists, right, Like, 287 00:15:08,360 --> 00:15:11,400 Speaker 1: whatever you have at your disposal at that time, you've 288 00:15:11,440 --> 00:15:14,000 Speaker 1: got candy, let's market it as something that's going to 289 00:15:14,280 --> 00:15:18,000 Speaker 1: satiate your appetite. So candy has just kind of morphed 290 00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:20,920 Speaker 1: a little bit, you know, through history in terms of 291 00:15:21,000 --> 00:15:23,080 Speaker 1: how people have perceived it. But I do really love 292 00:15:23,120 --> 00:15:26,520 Speaker 1: the fact that it was that this package, this roosted 293 00:15:26,920 --> 00:15:31,400 Speaker 1: chicken on a package was was like as if you 294 00:15:31,520 --> 00:15:33,000 Speaker 1: just put it right there, then you would believe it, 295 00:15:33,120 --> 00:15:34,760 Speaker 1: I'm going to eat this chicken. But I also think 296 00:15:34,800 --> 00:15:36,800 Speaker 1: that it points to how dire the circumstances were at 297 00:15:36,840 --> 00:15:39,680 Speaker 1: the time. Now you you mentioned the fast food, and 298 00:15:39,760 --> 00:15:42,280 Speaker 1: it is important to mention that this sort of stereotypical 299 00:15:42,520 --> 00:15:45,440 Speaker 1: the average fast food meal. As we can see, it 300 00:15:45,960 --> 00:15:49,520 Speaker 1: does pack a huge sugar punch in the form of 301 00:15:49,640 --> 00:15:54,120 Speaker 1: a supersized cola drink. Yeah that's true. Um well, and 302 00:15:54,200 --> 00:15:57,480 Speaker 1: also additives to right depending on what you're getting. Okay, 303 00:15:57,560 --> 00:16:01,240 Speaker 1: so let's let's talk about kids, why they are such 304 00:16:01,360 --> 00:16:04,680 Speaker 1: candy fiends and how honestly they can't help themselves. All right, well, 305 00:16:04,680 --> 00:16:06,800 Speaker 1: we let's take a quick break, and when we come back, 306 00:16:07,440 --> 00:16:12,520 Speaker 1: we will discuss these little monsters. This podcast is brought 307 00:16:12,560 --> 00:16:15,880 Speaker 1: to you by Intel, the sponsors of Tomorrow and the 308 00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:20,280 Speaker 1: Discovery Channel. At Intel, we believe curiosity is the spark 309 00:16:20,320 --> 00:16:24,520 Speaker 1: which drives innovation. Join us at curiosity dot com and 310 00:16:24,680 --> 00:16:30,600 Speaker 1: explore the answers to life's questions. All right, then we're back, 311 00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:34,680 Speaker 1: uh so on the issue of children and candy. One 312 00:16:34,720 --> 00:16:37,120 Speaker 1: of the memory that always comes to my mind is 313 00:16:37,440 --> 00:16:40,680 Speaker 1: that there was this uh about mitzvah that my my 314 00:16:40,800 --> 00:16:43,760 Speaker 1: wife shot and she's a photographer. She was shooting this 315 00:16:43,840 --> 00:16:45,400 Speaker 1: thing and I came along to do some on site 316 00:16:45,440 --> 00:16:50,080 Speaker 1: printing for the guests, and so you had this entire 317 00:16:50,160 --> 00:16:52,720 Speaker 1: room just filled with little girls, and they had all 318 00:16:52,840 --> 00:16:56,520 Speaker 1: the like their their snack bar slash lunch dinner bar 319 00:16:56,600 --> 00:16:58,080 Speaker 1: or whatever you got time to day it was, but 320 00:16:58,160 --> 00:17:00,480 Speaker 1: it was just loaded with things like uh, you know 321 00:17:00,600 --> 00:17:02,880 Speaker 1: Ben and Jerry's ice cream and all sorts of sweets 322 00:17:02,920 --> 00:17:06,200 Speaker 1: to put on it, and then like a cupcake fountain. Yeah, yeah, 323 00:17:06,200 --> 00:17:07,520 Speaker 1: that kind of thing. I mean then of course like 324 00:17:07,560 --> 00:17:10,000 Speaker 1: pizza and and other kind of kid friendly foods as well. 325 00:17:10,280 --> 00:17:12,760 Speaker 1: But they were just crazy on sugar and they were 326 00:17:12,800 --> 00:17:15,159 Speaker 1: just running around and they would just swoop into the 327 00:17:15,240 --> 00:17:16,880 Speaker 1: photo booth that we had set up and they would 328 00:17:16,920 --> 00:17:19,720 Speaker 1: just go crazy for these photos. I would remember thinking, Wow, 329 00:17:19,920 --> 00:17:22,280 Speaker 1: these kids are insane, and it was just because they 330 00:17:22,320 --> 00:17:24,240 Speaker 1: were just getting a NonStop rush of sugar. They were 331 00:17:24,280 --> 00:17:27,080 Speaker 1: just doing more sugar every five minutes. And what's really 332 00:17:27,160 --> 00:17:29,840 Speaker 1: it's really funny if the kid doesn't actually belong to 333 00:17:29,960 --> 00:17:32,439 Speaker 1: you and you just get to observe it. But especially 334 00:17:32,480 --> 00:17:35,760 Speaker 1: with little girls because in those circumstances, because he usually 335 00:17:35,800 --> 00:17:38,119 Speaker 1: have dresses on with crinolines and stuff, and then all 336 00:17:38,119 --> 00:17:40,960 Speaker 1: of a sudden, like they there's like a wrestling pile 337 00:17:41,080 --> 00:17:43,639 Speaker 1: of them and they're just so high on sugar and 338 00:17:43,640 --> 00:17:45,639 Speaker 1: they start beating each other up, at least with the 339 00:17:45,760 --> 00:17:48,880 Speaker 1: parties I've been too, they're all like little Hull Colgan's. 340 00:17:50,800 --> 00:17:53,000 Speaker 1: But yes, I mean this is this is the result 341 00:17:53,040 --> 00:17:56,760 Speaker 1: of sugar. It creates a even the most docile child 342 00:17:56,960 --> 00:18:00,480 Speaker 1: becomes a sort of whole Cogan up kid, right right. 343 00:18:01,000 --> 00:18:03,600 Speaker 1: And it's interesting that you mentioned the whole cogan thing 344 00:18:03,600 --> 00:18:05,600 Speaker 1: because of course we think of whole coke and we 345 00:18:05,640 --> 00:18:08,520 Speaker 1: think hulking up. We think of muscles and bones, um 346 00:18:09,280 --> 00:18:11,919 Speaker 1: and uh and and that's actually linked to this uh 347 00:18:12,520 --> 00:18:15,680 Speaker 1: we we think um, they're The theory is that that 348 00:18:15,800 --> 00:18:18,680 Speaker 1: a lot of this um, this sugar craving is linked 349 00:18:18,720 --> 00:18:22,000 Speaker 1: to rapid grown bone growth, that they're hardwired to it 350 00:18:22,040 --> 00:18:26,359 Speaker 1: because growing bones secrete hormones that influence metabolism, and we 351 00:18:26,440 --> 00:18:28,960 Speaker 1: know that other metaball hormones are like left in and 352 00:18:29,040 --> 00:18:32,159 Speaker 1: insulin um, connect on areas of the brain that control 353 00:18:32,240 --> 00:18:35,480 Speaker 1: cravings and appetites and even directly behind the tongue where 354 00:18:35,520 --> 00:18:38,560 Speaker 1: they affect the preference for sweet tas, which is fascinating, 355 00:18:38,800 --> 00:18:42,239 Speaker 1: right because what they found, um, this is from an 356 00:18:42,400 --> 00:18:45,960 Speaker 1: article from mp ARE called Kids Sugar Craving maybe biological, 357 00:18:46,440 --> 00:18:49,760 Speaker 1: is that they found that kids actually have a different 358 00:18:49,920 --> 00:18:52,800 Speaker 1: taste landscape. I guess you could say, yes, yeah, this 359 00:18:52,880 --> 00:18:56,640 Speaker 1: is what really like sensory sen pete really yeah. Yeah. 360 00:18:56,680 --> 00:18:59,200 Speaker 1: They they referred to it as kids living in a 361 00:18:59,320 --> 00:19:02,640 Speaker 1: different since reworld than adults. Yeah, it was. So it's 362 00:19:03,080 --> 00:19:05,480 Speaker 1: I mean, it's just like the entire world is turned 363 00:19:05,520 --> 00:19:08,800 Speaker 1: slightly on its head when it comes to what tastes 364 00:19:08,840 --> 00:19:11,119 Speaker 1: good and what doesn't. Yeah, it's very different from an adult. 365 00:19:11,200 --> 00:19:15,480 Speaker 1: Researcher Julie Manella of the Monell Chemical Census Center says, quote, 366 00:19:15,560 --> 00:19:18,800 Speaker 1: kids prefer much more intense sweetness and saltiness than the 367 00:19:18,840 --> 00:19:21,960 Speaker 1: adult and it doesn't decrease until late adolescents. And we 368 00:19:22,040 --> 00:19:24,320 Speaker 1: have some evidence that they may be more sensitive to 369 00:19:24,400 --> 00:19:28,080 Speaker 1: bitter taste. So when Manella's researchers studied this, that they 370 00:19:28,200 --> 00:19:31,920 Speaker 1: did as they gave adults a sucrose and water solution 371 00:19:32,359 --> 00:19:34,960 Speaker 1: that was on part of like your average cola, okay, 372 00:19:35,480 --> 00:19:37,680 Speaker 1: and so that that was kind of the extent that 373 00:19:37,760 --> 00:19:40,119 Speaker 1: the adults wanted their sugar. They didn't want it anymore, 374 00:19:40,240 --> 00:19:42,240 Speaker 1: They didn't want it really any less. Kids, on the 375 00:19:42,280 --> 00:19:44,879 Speaker 1: other hand, prefer twice the amount of sugar, and then 376 00:19:45,000 --> 00:19:48,320 Speaker 1: younger children had absolutely no limit when it came to 377 00:19:48,359 --> 00:19:50,600 Speaker 1: the amount of sugar that was put in the solution 378 00:19:50,800 --> 00:19:54,200 Speaker 1: and keep dumping it in until the solution cannot hold 379 00:19:54,359 --> 00:19:57,560 Speaker 1: more sugar before it just becomes a big container of 380 00:19:57,720 --> 00:20:00,480 Speaker 1: damp sugar. Yeah, they were all like heavy on the 381 00:20:00,640 --> 00:20:02,200 Speaker 1: sugar and lead on the water, if you know what 382 00:20:02,240 --> 00:20:04,880 Speaker 1: I mean. Wink wink um. So I mean that gives 383 00:20:04,920 --> 00:20:06,960 Speaker 1: you a clue right there. That Yes, that's a different 384 00:20:07,000 --> 00:20:10,200 Speaker 1: sensory palette, which leads us this whole idea that it 385 00:20:10,480 --> 00:20:14,920 Speaker 1: is hardwired that for a kid surviving, particularly back in 386 00:20:15,000 --> 00:20:18,080 Speaker 1: the way back, way back day, right, Yeah, the sugar 387 00:20:18,160 --> 00:20:21,800 Speaker 1: would give them an advantage. Yeah, I mean it makes 388 00:20:21,800 --> 00:20:25,359 Speaker 1: me think back to Halloween bag of candy days, and 389 00:20:25,600 --> 00:20:28,080 Speaker 1: I mean I would just over a few days, I 390 00:20:28,119 --> 00:20:30,680 Speaker 1: would eat all the candy. Yeah. It was like, look, 391 00:20:30,760 --> 00:20:33,359 Speaker 1: if you gave me a sack of Tutsi rolls and 392 00:20:33,400 --> 00:20:36,159 Speaker 1: told me to eat them, now, there's no telling how 393 00:20:36,240 --> 00:20:38,320 Speaker 1: sick I would become. Right, there would have to be 394 00:20:38,440 --> 00:20:41,119 Speaker 1: like some sort of five rewards, right they would have. 395 00:20:41,200 --> 00:20:43,320 Speaker 1: It would be a pretty serious endeavor. But you had 396 00:20:43,359 --> 00:20:45,880 Speaker 1: a bag of Tutsi rolls to like a six year old, 397 00:20:45,960 --> 00:20:48,960 Speaker 1: they're like that. They won't even blink an eye. Oh no, 398 00:20:49,200 --> 00:20:52,240 Speaker 1: Like I remember Halloween's in my candy stash and my 399 00:20:52,800 --> 00:20:56,879 Speaker 1: pillow case and being horribly protective of it because I 400 00:20:56,920 --> 00:20:59,359 Speaker 1: thought that my brother was going to rate it. So 401 00:20:59,600 --> 00:21:02,160 Speaker 1: I mean you to understand why people, why little kids 402 00:21:02,200 --> 00:21:05,000 Speaker 1: get so connected to it. Um. This is actually another 403 00:21:05,040 --> 00:21:07,800 Speaker 1: really interesting thing that came from that article that sucre 404 00:21:08,040 --> 00:21:12,000 Speaker 1: sucros is actually a natural pain reliever and little ones. Um. 405 00:21:12,280 --> 00:21:16,199 Speaker 1: They gave sucro solutions to newborns receiving circumcisions and babies 406 00:21:16,240 --> 00:21:19,560 Speaker 1: receiving immunizations, and they found that there was a significant 407 00:21:19,640 --> 00:21:24,280 Speaker 1: decrease in pain. Sugar actually makes them stronger, It actually 408 00:21:24,400 --> 00:21:28,200 Speaker 1: heals their wounds. No, it doesn't. But my my daughter 409 00:21:28,359 --> 00:21:31,360 Speaker 1: received a bunch of shots when she was born from 410 00:21:31,480 --> 00:21:34,080 Speaker 1: the get go for a two week period and they 411 00:21:34,119 --> 00:21:37,800 Speaker 1: did give her sugar water before every single shot. And 412 00:21:37,880 --> 00:21:41,680 Speaker 1: now sugar. Yeah, she has never had candy, but the 413 00:21:42,200 --> 00:21:44,600 Speaker 1: store around the corner from us has like the old 414 00:21:44,720 --> 00:21:47,480 Speaker 1: fashioned like you know, little bins of candy and she 415 00:21:47,680 --> 00:21:51,320 Speaker 1: just will will stare at it. Uh, I mean for 416 00:21:51,480 --> 00:21:55,760 Speaker 1: hours she would she knocks on them sometimes. Oh yeah, 417 00:21:57,760 --> 00:22:00,480 Speaker 1: like well, because every single children children something that every 418 00:22:00,480 --> 00:22:02,200 Speaker 1: single one, but every other. One of them talks about 419 00:22:02,240 --> 00:22:07,240 Speaker 1: candy children's books talk about maybe maybe there's like they're 420 00:22:07,280 --> 00:22:09,840 Speaker 1: just hardwired to the point where like a child can 421 00:22:09,960 --> 00:22:12,320 Speaker 1: hear sugar, you know, they walk into the store and 422 00:22:12,320 --> 00:22:14,679 Speaker 1: they're like, what's it saying. You can hear the sugar, 423 00:22:14,800 --> 00:22:17,879 Speaker 1: like grinding the follicles in their ears are like that 424 00:22:18,040 --> 00:22:21,040 Speaker 1: sensitive to sugar. Uh. I don't know that could be, 425 00:22:21,160 --> 00:22:25,040 Speaker 1: who knows, But let's talk about the downside of candied 426 00:22:25,200 --> 00:22:28,280 Speaker 1: um other than just you know, having that initial rush 427 00:22:28,400 --> 00:22:31,240 Speaker 1: and then plummeting with your energy. A lot of it 428 00:22:31,280 --> 00:22:34,160 Speaker 1: comes back to our our origins and how we evolved 429 00:22:34,240 --> 00:22:39,000 Speaker 1: and what our diet was originally like. And generally you 430 00:22:39,320 --> 00:22:41,400 Speaker 1: you might you'll find some fruit on the ground, you'll 431 00:22:41,400 --> 00:22:42,800 Speaker 1: eat it, You'll get some sugar out of that, but 432 00:22:42,800 --> 00:22:44,560 Speaker 1: we also get some other things that are important for 433 00:22:44,640 --> 00:22:47,560 Speaker 1: you in addition to just the pure sugar. Uh. And 434 00:22:47,720 --> 00:22:49,960 Speaker 1: in many cases, you would go for a long period 435 00:22:50,040 --> 00:22:53,000 Speaker 1: time without getting sugar, Like sometimes sugar is difficult to acquire. 436 00:22:53,160 --> 00:22:56,040 Speaker 1: Anyone who's seen the amazing BBC Discovery co production Human 437 00:22:56,119 --> 00:22:59,800 Speaker 1: Planet has seen that amazing sequence where the Biaka tribesmen 438 00:23:00,000 --> 00:23:04,760 Speaker 1: line this enormous tree to raid this bee hive enormously high, 439 00:23:04,800 --> 00:23:07,200 Speaker 1: like stories and stories up just climb up with nothing 440 00:23:07,240 --> 00:23:10,320 Speaker 1: more than like a burning brand um, you know, some 441 00:23:10,440 --> 00:23:12,639 Speaker 1: smoke to ward off some of the bees. And the 442 00:23:12,680 --> 00:23:15,320 Speaker 1: guy still gets stung, just hundreds and hundreds of times 443 00:23:15,720 --> 00:23:18,480 Speaker 1: while he's retrieving this honey for himself and his family. 444 00:23:19,280 --> 00:23:22,280 Speaker 1: But the promise of honey and this sugar rush is strong, 445 00:23:22,520 --> 00:23:25,160 Speaker 1: and not just the sugar rush, but the calories. Right. Yeah, 446 00:23:25,240 --> 00:23:27,159 Speaker 1: like you said, there's there's a benefit to having it. 447 00:23:27,640 --> 00:23:30,520 Speaker 1: But in the old days it was more work or 448 00:23:31,160 --> 00:23:33,320 Speaker 1: or when you got it, you you didn't just get 449 00:23:33,400 --> 00:23:37,159 Speaker 1: the pure sugar. You received other you know, nutrients, and 450 00:23:37,359 --> 00:23:39,919 Speaker 1: you might not get it every day. Now it's an 451 00:23:40,080 --> 00:23:42,440 Speaker 1: entirely different story, right, Right, we have to worry about 452 00:23:42,520 --> 00:23:46,520 Speaker 1: being propped up until the next meal, right, especially industrialized nations. 453 00:23:46,600 --> 00:23:48,240 Speaker 1: I mean, it begins the first thing in the morning 454 00:23:48,480 --> 00:23:51,240 Speaker 1: for some folks with a nice sugary cereal or even 455 00:23:51,320 --> 00:23:54,200 Speaker 1: like some some wholesome oatmeal that has been just attacked 456 00:23:54,240 --> 00:23:56,760 Speaker 1: with a sugar spoon until it's just standing on end, 457 00:23:57,640 --> 00:23:59,000 Speaker 1: that's right. I mean, you really don't have to go 458 00:23:59,119 --> 00:24:02,840 Speaker 1: that far for it. Um. Scientists Ralph di Leone at Yale, 459 00:24:02,840 --> 00:24:06,119 Speaker 1: your university found that an animal sweet or fatty foods 460 00:24:06,240 --> 00:24:08,680 Speaker 1: can act a lot like drugs in the brains, which 461 00:24:08,760 --> 00:24:11,560 Speaker 1: which we've talked about, and there's growing evidence that eating 462 00:24:11,600 --> 00:24:13,919 Speaker 1: too much of these foods can cause long term changes 463 00:24:13,960 --> 00:24:18,440 Speaker 1: in the brain circuits that control eating behavior. UM. So 464 00:24:18,640 --> 00:24:21,359 Speaker 1: you know, both animal and human brains include special pathways 465 00:24:21,400 --> 00:24:23,720 Speaker 1: that make us feel good when we eat right and 466 00:24:23,880 --> 00:24:26,159 Speaker 1: really give when we eat sweet or fatty foods with 467 00:24:26,359 --> 00:24:29,200 Speaker 1: lots of calories. And he says that drug addiction is 468 00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:32,840 Speaker 1: really hijacking some of these pathways that evolve to promote 469 00:24:32,920 --> 00:24:36,480 Speaker 1: food intake for survival reasons. So we talked about dopamine 470 00:24:36,520 --> 00:24:38,359 Speaker 1: being released in the brain right when you when you 471 00:24:38,480 --> 00:24:43,160 Speaker 1: eat sugar, and we know that with addiction that if 472 00:24:43,240 --> 00:24:46,199 Speaker 1: you abuse a substance you know, whether it's sugar, if 473 00:24:46,240 --> 00:24:48,199 Speaker 1: you can call it that, you know, a substance UM 474 00:24:49,080 --> 00:24:53,240 Speaker 1: that is really truly addictive, or alcohol or cocaine, that 475 00:24:53,720 --> 00:24:55,159 Speaker 1: the more and more you do it, the more and 476 00:24:55,280 --> 00:24:58,959 Speaker 1: more your dopamine is released. But then your brain backs 477 00:24:59,080 --> 00:25:02,400 Speaker 1: off on really using it, actually stops releasing as much, 478 00:25:02,640 --> 00:25:05,920 Speaker 1: which then requires the user to go and sort of 479 00:25:06,080 --> 00:25:09,479 Speaker 1: double up on the substance to get the same sugar high, right, 480 00:25:09,600 --> 00:25:13,560 Speaker 1: So so a real sugar junkie is essentially chasing the 481 00:25:13,640 --> 00:25:19,080 Speaker 1: dragon after a while, to use the old Victorian terminology. Yeah, yeah, seriously, 482 00:25:19,080 --> 00:25:21,520 Speaker 1: I mean they're seeing this. There's actually a Teresa Rays. 483 00:25:21,560 --> 00:25:24,360 Speaker 1: She's a research assistant professor in the Department of Pharmacology 484 00:25:24,400 --> 00:25:27,119 Speaker 1: at the University of Pennsylvania, and she was part of 485 00:25:27,160 --> 00:25:29,439 Speaker 1: a team that gave mice a high fat diet from 486 00:25:29,440 --> 00:25:32,160 Speaker 1: the time that they are weaned until they reached twenty weeks, 487 00:25:32,240 --> 00:25:35,480 Speaker 1: so they gained significant amounts of weight and they became obese. 488 00:25:35,920 --> 00:25:39,280 Speaker 1: Then the researchers looked at the brain's pleasure centers um, 489 00:25:39,520 --> 00:25:41,959 Speaker 1: which are the areas that we know change in drug addiction, 490 00:25:42,400 --> 00:25:44,600 Speaker 1: and she said that what we found is that in 491 00:25:44,680 --> 00:25:48,159 Speaker 1: animals that were obese, there were really dramatic changes in 492 00:25:48,240 --> 00:25:50,520 Speaker 1: these areas of the brain that participate in telling us 493 00:25:50,600 --> 00:25:54,320 Speaker 1: how rewarding food is. The changes made these areas less 494 00:25:54,359 --> 00:25:57,200 Speaker 1: responsive to fatty foods, so no beast mouse would have 495 00:25:57,320 --> 00:25:59,520 Speaker 1: to eat more fat than a typical mass stick at 496 00:25:59,520 --> 00:26:02,080 Speaker 1: the same amount of pleasure. And some of these changes 497 00:26:02,200 --> 00:26:04,720 Speaker 1: didn't go away for these mice, which I think is 498 00:26:04,800 --> 00:26:07,080 Speaker 1: kind of fascinating is that that the whole idea, that 499 00:26:07,320 --> 00:26:10,600 Speaker 1: it really is changing the way that your brain functions. 500 00:26:11,640 --> 00:26:13,840 Speaker 1: And then you think about highly processed foods, right, I mean, 501 00:26:14,240 --> 00:26:18,080 Speaker 1: that's basically just concentrating sugar, you know, to to the 502 00:26:18,160 --> 00:26:21,840 Speaker 1: point where it's no longer just the sugar from my fruit. 503 00:26:21,920 --> 00:26:26,000 Speaker 1: It's something completely different and much more potent, right, I mean, 504 00:26:26,040 --> 00:26:28,000 Speaker 1: even if you you are just talking about the difference 505 00:26:28,040 --> 00:26:31,359 Speaker 1: between eating an apple and drinking a glass of apple juice, like, 506 00:26:31,440 --> 00:26:34,120 Speaker 1: there's a huge difference in how what you're taking in there. 507 00:26:34,240 --> 00:26:37,200 Speaker 1: But then you add this, uh like a chemical process 508 00:26:37,240 --> 00:26:39,359 Speaker 1: on top of that, and then these varying levels of 509 00:26:39,400 --> 00:26:42,000 Speaker 1: refinement you get even even farther and farther from the 510 00:26:42,160 --> 00:26:46,399 Speaker 1: the original source. Well and from from what I read that, 511 00:26:46,720 --> 00:26:48,920 Speaker 1: you know, when you've got it concentrated like this, the 512 00:26:49,760 --> 00:26:52,680 Speaker 1: message to your brain is a lot louder if I 513 00:26:52,720 --> 00:26:55,080 Speaker 1: can put that in air quotes, then something like a 514 00:26:55,119 --> 00:26:58,320 Speaker 1: simple sugar in a banana, and so you get a 515 00:26:58,400 --> 00:27:01,720 Speaker 1: bigger response from the rewards there. So it's it's essentially 516 00:27:02,200 --> 00:27:06,159 Speaker 1: like the difference between heroin and opium, or you know, 517 00:27:06,480 --> 00:27:09,520 Speaker 1: or say crack cocaine and cocaine. It's like a processed 518 00:27:10,680 --> 00:27:15,560 Speaker 1: um more impactful version of the of the original substance. Right, 519 00:27:15,640 --> 00:27:17,239 Speaker 1: that's really going to mess with your brain a lot more. 520 00:27:17,480 --> 00:27:20,960 Speaker 1: And again, just sugary sodas and juices can make a 521 00:27:21,080 --> 00:27:23,200 Speaker 1: huge difference. I ran across this study that showed the 522 00:27:23,280 --> 00:27:27,240 Speaker 1: teens who quit drinking sugar, soda and juices lost basically 523 00:27:27,240 --> 00:27:30,240 Speaker 1: a pound a month over six months. And it wasn't insane. 524 00:27:30,320 --> 00:27:32,159 Speaker 1: And that's not that's not factoring in other things that 525 00:27:32,200 --> 00:27:35,680 Speaker 1: could potentially cut out, but but just like really sugary 526 00:27:35,720 --> 00:27:38,440 Speaker 1: sodas and and the like. So yeah, I mean the 527 00:27:38,480 --> 00:27:41,119 Speaker 1: reason why candy is really actually a menaces because of 528 00:27:41,160 --> 00:27:43,920 Speaker 1: childhood obesity. And we know that from the CDC, the 529 00:27:44,000 --> 00:27:47,200 Speaker 1: Center for Disease Control here in Atlanta, that they have 530 00:27:47,520 --> 00:27:53,359 Speaker 1: put some pretty staggering statistics out there, and uh and 531 00:27:53,760 --> 00:27:58,480 Speaker 1: not counting situations where the brain is really then reprogrammed 532 00:27:58,760 --> 00:28:01,320 Speaker 1: um in terms of how much sugar it thinks the 533 00:28:01,359 --> 00:28:05,280 Speaker 1: body needs. It's actually not that difficult for the average 534 00:28:05,320 --> 00:28:08,840 Speaker 1: person to cut down on their their on their taste 535 00:28:08,880 --> 00:28:11,879 Speaker 1: for sweetness. Like I think I've seen the figure around 536 00:28:11,960 --> 00:28:14,520 Speaker 1: like three weeks it takes to sort of adjust your 537 00:28:14,560 --> 00:28:18,080 Speaker 1: taste to something say, even if it's something is mild 538 00:28:18,240 --> 00:28:21,160 Speaker 1: as cutting down from a normal soda to a diet 539 00:28:21,240 --> 00:28:23,720 Speaker 1: soda tastes weird at first, but they say, like three 540 00:28:23,760 --> 00:28:26,720 Speaker 1: weeks thereabouts, that's about how much time it takes to 541 00:28:26,760 --> 00:28:29,960 Speaker 1: get used to the new flavor, right, right, which makes sense, 542 00:28:30,359 --> 00:28:32,040 Speaker 1: But you know, it's it's it's a matter of being 543 00:28:32,080 --> 00:28:33,920 Speaker 1: aware of it and taking out. But when you know, 544 00:28:34,720 --> 00:28:38,400 Speaker 1: in Forks Ever Knives, they talked about the childhood obesity rate, 545 00:28:38,480 --> 00:28:41,560 Speaker 1: and they were actually saying that the coming generation will 546 00:28:41,640 --> 00:28:46,240 Speaker 1: have a shorter lifespan than ours, which is kind of like, ohh, 547 00:28:46,360 --> 00:28:48,160 Speaker 1: I mean, I haven't gone in fact checked the movie, 548 00:28:48,280 --> 00:28:51,680 Speaker 1: but I will say that when from what the CDC says, 549 00:28:51,760 --> 00:28:54,600 Speaker 1: they said, child childhood obesity has more than tripled in 550 00:28:54,680 --> 00:28:58,040 Speaker 1: the past thirty years because of all these highly processed foods, right, 551 00:28:58,440 --> 00:29:01,840 Speaker 1: and because of high fructous corn syrup, and the percentage 552 00:29:01,840 --> 00:29:04,440 Speaker 1: of children age six to eleven years United States who 553 00:29:04,480 --> 00:29:07,200 Speaker 1: are a beasts increased from seven percent in nineteen eighty 554 00:29:07,520 --> 00:29:11,040 Speaker 1: two nearly in two thousand eight. Similarly, the percentage of 555 00:29:11,160 --> 00:29:14,479 Speaker 1: adolescents aged twelve to nineteen who are a beast increased 556 00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:17,080 Speaker 1: from five percent to eight percent. Over the same period. 557 00:29:17,680 --> 00:29:19,040 Speaker 1: So you know, in two thousand and eight, we have 558 00:29:19,240 --> 00:29:22,000 Speaker 1: more than one third of children and adolescents who are 559 00:29:22,080 --> 00:29:25,479 Speaker 1: overweight or abase. Yeah, and the long term health effects, 560 00:29:25,480 --> 00:29:29,280 Speaker 1: you know, obviously are are many. And uh, I mean 561 00:29:29,360 --> 00:29:35,320 Speaker 1: we're talking about increased incidences of certain cancers, type two, diabetes, uh, 562 00:29:35,840 --> 00:29:38,680 Speaker 1: kidney problems, pancreas list goes on and on. It's kind 563 00:29:38,720 --> 00:29:41,440 Speaker 1: of pressing. Then you mean to bring candy down like this? Well, 564 00:29:42,080 --> 00:29:44,200 Speaker 1: it leads to the ultimate question here, and that is, 565 00:29:44,840 --> 00:29:47,720 Speaker 1: Halloween is approaching. If you're listening to this at the 566 00:29:47,760 --> 00:29:50,120 Speaker 1: publication time, and even if you're not, Halloween's gonna roll 567 00:29:50,160 --> 00:29:52,960 Speaker 1: around again. And if not Halloween, then Easter or any 568 00:29:53,280 --> 00:29:55,440 Speaker 1: any of the various holidays that have some sort of 569 00:29:55,520 --> 00:29:59,240 Speaker 1: marketed candy associated with them, which is pretty much every holiday. 570 00:29:59,680 --> 00:30:02,800 Speaker 1: Uh So, do you give the kids Halloween candy? Do 571 00:30:02,880 --> 00:30:04,320 Speaker 1: they get to have the candy? Do you try and 572 00:30:04,360 --> 00:30:06,480 Speaker 1: stop them? Do you dare try and stop them with 573 00:30:06,640 --> 00:30:10,560 Speaker 1: their strange little zombie minds? Does your house get egged 574 00:30:10,640 --> 00:30:16,520 Speaker 1: because you give out apples or toothbrushes? Yeah? Don't you 575 00:30:16,560 --> 00:30:20,000 Speaker 1: know anybody the neighbor that never came out a toothbrush? No, 576 00:30:20,200 --> 00:30:21,719 Speaker 1: my dad was a dentist, and we didn't give out 577 00:30:21,720 --> 00:30:25,520 Speaker 1: the toothbrushes. We gave out candy. But then again, as 578 00:30:25,520 --> 00:30:27,440 Speaker 1: a dentist, you kind of have in a center give 579 00:30:27,480 --> 00:30:29,400 Speaker 1: out candy. I guess, yeah, yeah, that's what your dad 580 00:30:29,480 --> 00:30:31,120 Speaker 1: was like. Here you go, there's the it's the really 581 00:30:31,200 --> 00:30:35,720 Speaker 1: sweet yuh. I'll see at the office. There you go. Well, 582 00:30:35,800 --> 00:30:38,719 Speaker 1: let me reach into the Halloween bag here and get 583 00:30:38,800 --> 00:30:42,360 Speaker 1: some listener mail. Have a couple of interesting ones, and 584 00:30:42,440 --> 00:30:46,520 Speaker 1: the first one does relate to the chloec Abot. Would 585 00:30:46,520 --> 00:30:50,680 Speaker 1: you describe the chloekabot? That's just a refresh. I can't 586 00:30:50,680 --> 00:30:55,720 Speaker 1: remember the artists, but them del Vo, okay, fim Delvoy 587 00:30:55,880 --> 00:31:00,600 Speaker 1: who who created this chloec a bot and put it 588 00:31:00,680 --> 00:31:04,240 Speaker 1: in a really sterile environment, basically put it in a 589 00:31:04,360 --> 00:31:07,640 Speaker 1: museum with like, you know, stark white walls around it. 590 00:31:08,000 --> 00:31:10,480 Speaker 1: And so I can't remember how long this actual bot was, 591 00:31:10,600 --> 00:31:12,120 Speaker 1: but I'm I'm going to say, like, I don't know, 592 00:31:12,200 --> 00:31:14,880 Speaker 1: maybe twelve feet or something like that. And he would 593 00:31:14,920 --> 00:31:17,280 Speaker 1: feed he had a chef actually prepare meals for the 594 00:31:17,320 --> 00:31:21,320 Speaker 1: cloak a bat and feed it regularly, and then he 595 00:31:21,400 --> 00:31:26,920 Speaker 1: would add some enzymes, some acids, basically trying to replicate 596 00:31:27,000 --> 00:31:30,040 Speaker 1: the conditions in your stomach and lo and behold that 597 00:31:30,160 --> 00:31:34,920 Speaker 1: cloak a bot would produce coo like every two hours 598 00:31:35,000 --> 00:31:36,760 Speaker 1: or so, No, not actually every two hours because it 599 00:31:36,800 --> 00:31:40,280 Speaker 1: was mimicking the human digestion, but anyway would then produce 600 00:31:40,520 --> 00:31:43,760 Speaker 1: actual pooh, and then people in the museum would come 601 00:31:43,840 --> 00:31:47,280 Speaker 1: and look at it and they could buy the samples. Well, yeah, 602 00:31:47,400 --> 00:31:49,560 Speaker 1: it's it really blew our minds when we find out 603 00:31:49,560 --> 00:31:52,480 Speaker 1: found out about it, because then it also delivers on 604 00:31:52,800 --> 00:31:59,520 Speaker 1: earlier Victorian attempts or aspirations of mimicking the human bottom 605 00:31:59,680 --> 00:32:03,160 Speaker 1: and by chemical active digestions with the machine. And this 606 00:32:03,240 --> 00:32:06,000 Speaker 1: guy comes along and and nails it with horrifying results. 607 00:32:06,440 --> 00:32:07,840 Speaker 1: But of course we just had pictures to go on 608 00:32:08,200 --> 00:32:10,440 Speaker 1: and uh, we have to depend on other people to 609 00:32:10,560 --> 00:32:13,600 Speaker 1: actually smell the exhibit for us, and our listener, Bernard 610 00:32:13,720 --> 00:32:17,080 Speaker 1: from Australia, does just that. He writes, listen to your 611 00:32:17,080 --> 00:32:19,640 Speaker 1: podcast on the pooping duck. I have witnessed of them 612 00:32:19,720 --> 00:32:24,960 Speaker 1: Delvo's cloaca professional in action at the Mona Museum in Hobart, Tasmania. 613 00:32:25,480 --> 00:32:29,040 Speaker 1: Uh picks I took below. They feed it lettuce apparently, 614 00:32:29,240 --> 00:32:31,960 Speaker 1: and at three pm every day it does its thing. 615 00:32:32,360 --> 00:32:35,000 Speaker 1: I can confirm the smell is realistic almost there's something 616 00:32:35,080 --> 00:32:37,640 Speaker 1: not quite right and disturbing about the smell. Maybe that 617 00:32:38,120 --> 00:32:40,320 Speaker 1: was all in my mind. As it comes out of 618 00:32:40,360 --> 00:32:42,560 Speaker 1: the out of the little glass plate it falls on, 619 00:32:43,240 --> 00:32:46,160 Speaker 1: rotates in a circular pattern to create a mr whippy 620 00:32:46,280 --> 00:32:49,040 Speaker 1: like soft serve. Uh. There were lots of kids there 621 00:32:49,080 --> 00:32:52,160 Speaker 1: and none of them cried. None of them laughed either. Um, 622 00:32:53,840 --> 00:32:55,640 Speaker 1: and then he has on another subject. Was standing on 623 00:32:55,680 --> 00:32:58,120 Speaker 1: a rock a couple of feet in diameter a few 624 00:32:58,240 --> 00:33:00,840 Speaker 1: yards out into a lake fishing. Once a platypus swam 625 00:33:01,000 --> 00:33:04,000 Speaker 1: up and circle the rock against it a few times, 626 00:33:04,080 --> 00:33:06,040 Speaker 1: then swam away. I have seen them from a distance 627 00:33:06,080 --> 00:33:08,040 Speaker 1: many times, but that was special. I was just blown 628 00:33:08,080 --> 00:33:09,959 Speaker 1: away by that because it's two really cool things, right, 629 00:33:10,000 --> 00:33:13,800 Speaker 1: like we're fans, which is pretty weird and has a 630 00:33:13,800 --> 00:33:16,880 Speaker 1: cloak yes, thank you, and then yep, and just right 631 00:33:16,920 --> 00:33:21,040 Speaker 1: around back to actually seeing the kaka bought in person 632 00:33:21,200 --> 00:33:26,800 Speaker 1: and then sending his photos. I couldn't have end. I mean, honestly, 633 00:33:26,920 --> 00:33:31,640 Speaker 1: it looks like a mad scientists laboratory. Um. This looks 634 00:33:31,680 --> 00:33:35,800 Speaker 1: to be like five hanging vessels right with all sorts 635 00:33:35,840 --> 00:33:37,840 Speaker 1: of tubes that are coming from it. I'm assuming that 636 00:33:37,960 --> 00:33:40,480 Speaker 1: this is the this is the junk that they put 637 00:33:40,520 --> 00:33:43,640 Speaker 1: in there to actually break down the food and make 638 00:33:43,680 --> 00:33:46,560 Speaker 1: it into feces um. And it's hanging from a track. 639 00:33:46,680 --> 00:33:49,960 Speaker 1: It is horrific looking. And then the soft serve is 640 00:33:50,680 --> 00:33:53,480 Speaker 1: that comes out of the shoot onto this plate. I 641 00:33:53,520 --> 00:33:57,280 Speaker 1: can't believe we're making me describe this UM and it 642 00:33:57,400 --> 00:34:01,200 Speaker 1: kind of looks a little bit like Plato. But anyway, hey, 643 00:34:01,360 --> 00:34:05,120 Speaker 1: we're always game to putting these up on Facebook, and 644 00:34:05,400 --> 00:34:07,920 Speaker 1: so so definitely thank you Bernard for writing in UM 645 00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:10,040 Speaker 1: not only to share the pictures, but also to to 646 00:34:10,160 --> 00:34:14,520 Speaker 1: describe your first hand experience with this strange and fascinating exhibit. 647 00:34:14,640 --> 00:34:17,040 Speaker 1: I mean, we were kind of recoil and horror from it, 648 00:34:17,120 --> 00:34:19,880 Speaker 1: but it is, it is a very fascinating piece of art. Like, 649 00:34:19,960 --> 00:34:23,600 Speaker 1: it's not this dude is create obviously creating UM art 650 00:34:23,680 --> 00:34:27,120 Speaker 1: that is that is shocking, that's going to evoke a 651 00:34:27,200 --> 00:34:30,799 Speaker 1: certain response from the viewer. But but it's intelligent work. 652 00:34:30,840 --> 00:34:33,440 Speaker 1: It's not just it's not just messing. She is serious 653 00:34:33,520 --> 00:34:37,480 Speaker 1: about excrement, this artist. Let's see, we have another email 654 00:34:37,520 --> 00:34:40,200 Speaker 1: here in response to an older episode we did UM 655 00:34:40,480 --> 00:34:44,160 Speaker 1: nine nine and nine Birthday Candles. Writer Evan writes in 656 00:34:44,360 --> 00:34:46,919 Speaker 1: and says, Hi, Robert and Julie, but mostly Robert because 657 00:34:46,920 --> 00:34:49,640 Speaker 1: it has to do with Dune. I realize that the 658 00:34:49,760 --> 00:34:52,600 Speaker 1: tie in with the N nine Birthdays Channel podcast in 659 00:34:52,680 --> 00:34:54,480 Speaker 1: Doom may have been a little too heady nerdy for 660 00:34:54,560 --> 00:34:57,200 Speaker 1: most listeners, but the story has significant relevance to the podcast, 661 00:34:57,280 --> 00:35:00,239 Speaker 1: particularly in terms of maturity in the later parts of 662 00:35:00,280 --> 00:35:03,400 Speaker 1: the Dune series. The character the Letto the Second undergoes 663 00:35:03,880 --> 00:35:07,279 Speaker 1: the transformation to make him part man, part sandworm. He 664 00:35:07,400 --> 00:35:09,759 Speaker 1: does this so that he can extend his life expectancy 665 00:35:09,840 --> 00:35:11,719 Speaker 1: to an indefinite period of time. He states that the 666 00:35:11,800 --> 00:35:16,040 Speaker 1: problems humanity has a result of typical human life expectancy 667 00:35:16,440 --> 00:35:18,920 Speaker 1: and then and that makes them particularly vulnerable. If they 668 00:35:18,960 --> 00:35:21,120 Speaker 1: were able to naturally live longer, they might gain a 669 00:35:21,200 --> 00:35:24,480 Speaker 1: more far sighted perspective and give up or change their ways, 670 00:35:24,800 --> 00:35:26,800 Speaker 1: since a whole race can't do that. Letter the Second 671 00:35:26,960 --> 00:35:30,960 Speaker 1: undergoes this transformation and purposely represses almost every aspect of 672 00:35:31,360 --> 00:35:33,880 Speaker 1: the human race in an effort to build in a 673 00:35:34,040 --> 00:35:37,000 Speaker 1: race memory of tyranny. By doing so, he was able 674 00:35:37,040 --> 00:35:40,960 Speaker 1: to mature the entirety of humanity because they despised him, 675 00:35:41,040 --> 00:35:44,600 Speaker 1: so they underwent an exponential expansion when he died, making 676 00:35:44,680 --> 00:35:47,200 Speaker 1: it so that he they would be virtually impossible to 677 00:35:47,239 --> 00:35:50,520 Speaker 1: wipe out the Golden Path Man. The saddest part about 678 00:35:50,520 --> 00:35:52,720 Speaker 1: this is that Frank Herbert died before he could continue 679 00:35:52,800 --> 00:35:55,640 Speaker 1: the series. If he could have lived to be a 680 00:35:55,719 --> 00:35:57,799 Speaker 1: few hundred years old, US fans would have been able 681 00:35:57,840 --> 00:35:59,600 Speaker 1: to see his vision come to print instead of his 682 00:35:59,719 --> 00:36:03,080 Speaker 1: son's attempts to fulfill and change that vision. Great podcast. 683 00:36:03,160 --> 00:36:06,360 Speaker 1: Thanks for the Dune references. So yeah, indeed, the U 684 00:36:07,120 --> 00:36:09,440 Speaker 1: the later books, I mean, the first book, in my 685 00:36:09,520 --> 00:36:12,719 Speaker 1: opinion is is the best. Uh and then from there 686 00:36:12,840 --> 00:36:16,000 Speaker 1: Frank Herbert began to expand this even more elaborate story. 687 00:36:16,360 --> 00:36:19,320 Speaker 1: And at one point Letto does change into this enormous 688 00:36:19,880 --> 00:36:23,000 Speaker 1: sandworm human hybrid that's featured prominently on the cover art 689 00:36:23,040 --> 00:36:25,719 Speaker 1: for Emperor of Dune and always intrigued me as a 690 00:36:25,800 --> 00:36:28,879 Speaker 1: child long before I actually read it. Um and there's 691 00:36:29,000 --> 00:36:30,920 Speaker 1: in that particular volume is choked with all of a 692 00:36:31,000 --> 00:36:35,399 Speaker 1: lot of like really cool existential ponderings about the state 693 00:36:35,440 --> 00:36:38,239 Speaker 1: of humanity, the long term survival of the human race. 694 00:36:38,840 --> 00:36:41,560 Speaker 1: Uh So, so indeed, thanks Heavan for writing in about 695 00:36:41,600 --> 00:36:45,160 Speaker 1: that and raising that point in regard to the Dune series, 696 00:36:45,440 --> 00:36:47,080 Speaker 1: and it kind of makes me want to read the 697 00:36:47,120 --> 00:36:49,640 Speaker 1: first book again. All right. I just keep thinking of Sting. 698 00:36:50,760 --> 00:36:52,920 Speaker 1: That's a non Dooner, That's that's my only reference. And 699 00:36:52,960 --> 00:36:55,399 Speaker 1: then I start thinking, what if what if Sting were 700 00:36:55,520 --> 00:36:57,560 Speaker 1: to live to be a thousand years old? Would he 701 00:36:57,680 --> 00:37:02,879 Speaker 1: still be practicing tan trick yoga, h and sacks? Would 702 00:37:02,880 --> 00:37:06,319 Speaker 1: anybody want to see them? I don't. I'm sure there 703 00:37:06,360 --> 00:37:08,800 Speaker 1: would be a market for it somewhere, but there's no 704 00:37:08,880 --> 00:37:12,359 Speaker 1: wrong with There's no problem with the market. Yeah, there's 705 00:37:12,360 --> 00:37:15,560 Speaker 1: no there's no problem with appreciating the movie Dune. It's 706 00:37:15,719 --> 00:37:19,840 Speaker 1: an imperfect adaptation, for sure. It has some some definite flaws. 707 00:37:20,600 --> 00:37:23,040 Speaker 1: It's kind of boring, but it's also got some some 708 00:37:23,160 --> 00:37:25,840 Speaker 1: serious flare and moments. It's got some great costumes and 709 00:37:26,160 --> 00:37:29,480 Speaker 1: uh even you know, as a Dune fan, you can't 710 00:37:29,520 --> 00:37:31,719 Speaker 1: help but like something about it. Right, But you're saying 711 00:37:31,800 --> 00:37:34,160 Speaker 1: the books are a richer experience, Well, the first book 712 00:37:34,200 --> 00:37:37,279 Speaker 1: is Richard's right, It's it's complicated. Fine, then I'm just 713 00:37:37,320 --> 00:37:40,439 Speaker 1: gonna read the first one enough rest Well, the second 714 00:37:40,480 --> 00:37:43,879 Speaker 1: one pretty good too. Anyway, if you have some thoughts 715 00:37:43,960 --> 00:37:45,720 Speaker 1: to share it with us. They may relate to candy, 716 00:37:45,880 --> 00:37:48,400 Speaker 1: They may relate to cooping robots. They may relate to 717 00:37:48,719 --> 00:37:52,160 Speaker 1: the Dune series. Right in let us know you, especially 718 00:37:52,239 --> 00:37:55,640 Speaker 1: on the candy and the whole staying thing. Yeah, I mean, 719 00:37:55,760 --> 00:37:58,640 Speaker 1: but you know, not together unless you have a candy 720 00:37:58,680 --> 00:38:01,279 Speaker 1: sting story that might be it. Now. You can of 721 00:38:01,360 --> 00:38:03,680 Speaker 1: course find us on Facebook and Twitter. We'll blow the 722 00:38:03,760 --> 00:38:05,839 Speaker 1: mind on both of those, and you can always drop 723 00:38:05,920 --> 00:38:07,600 Speaker 1: us a line at blow the Mind at house stuff 724 00:38:07,600 --> 00:38:14,120 Speaker 1: works dot com. Be sure to check out our new 725 00:38:14,200 --> 00:38:17,560 Speaker 1: video podcast, Stuff from the Future. Join how Stuff Work 726 00:38:17,640 --> 00:38:21,160 Speaker 1: staff as we explore the most promising and perplexing possibilities 727 00:38:21,200 --> 00:38:21,800 Speaker 1: of tomorrow.