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Speaker 1: Welcome to Brainstuff from house stuff works dot com where

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Speaker 1: smart happens. Him Marshall Brain with today's question, how do

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Speaker 1: they backlight l c D screens? Obviously, these screens are

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Speaker 1: brightly backlit. A lot of people use their cell phones

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Speaker 1: or their laptops as flashlights, so they're using the backlights

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Speaker 1: to produce usable light. How do they make these backlights

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Speaker 1: so bright and so consistent? Currently? There are two technologies

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Speaker 1: for backlighting the screens. Today, most computer liquid crystal display

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Speaker 1: or l c D panels are lit with built in

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Speaker 1: fluorescent tubes that are placed either above, beside, or sometime

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Speaker 1: directly behind the l c D panel. A white diffusion

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Speaker 1: panel behind the l c D redirects and scatters the

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Speaker 1: light evenly, and that ensures a uniform display. This is

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Speaker 1: known as the BacT light. A fluorescent light is most

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Speaker 1: often a long, straight glass tube that produces white light.

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Speaker 1: Inside the glass tube, there's a low pressure mercury vapor.

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Speaker 1: When ionized, mercury vapor emits ultra violet light. Human eyes

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Speaker 1: aren't sensitive to ultra violet light, although the human skin is.

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Speaker 1: That's how we get sunburns. The inside of the fluorescent

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Speaker 1: tube is coated with a phosphor that's going to turn

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Speaker 1: that ultra violet light into something human beings can see.

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Speaker 1: Phosphor is a substance that can accept energy in one

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Speaker 1: form and emit the energy in the form of visible light.

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Speaker 1: For example, energy from high speed electrons in a TV

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Speaker 1: tube are absorbed by the phosphors on a normal CRT

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Speaker 1: screen and then turned into light. The light that we

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Speaker 1: see from a fluorescent tube is the light given off

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Speaker 1: by the phosphor coating inside the tube. The phosphor fluoresces

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Speaker 1: when energized, hence the name. A typical laptop display uses

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Speaker 1: a tiny cold cathode fluorescent lamp, also known as a

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Speaker 1: CCFL for the back light. One of these small tubes

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Speaker 1: is able to provide an incredibly bright white light source

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Speaker 1: that can be diffused by the panel behind the l

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Speaker 1: c D. In addition to providing ample light, ccfl's do

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Speaker 1: not rise far above the ambient temperature. This makes them

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Speaker 1: ideal for l c D panels since the light source

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Speaker 1: is close to the other components that could be ruined

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Speaker 1: by excessive heat. One amazing thing about these lamps is

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Speaker 1: their incredibly small size. They are extremely thin, about the

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Speaker 1: size of the graphite in a wooden pencil, and the

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Speaker 1: board that drives the lamp is very small as well. However,

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Speaker 1: it's not that hard to break these lamps, which is

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Speaker 1: why you're display maygo dark if you drop your laptop.

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Speaker 1: The technology that's coming on strong today and is likely

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Speaker 1: to completely replace these fluorescent lamps in the future is

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Speaker 1: LED technology. G l e d s are more rugged

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Speaker 1: than fluorescent lamps, they use less power than fluorescent lamps,

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Speaker 1: and they're more adjustable than fluorescent lamps. But they also

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Speaker 1: have this one other really interesting feature that's now used

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Speaker 1: on some of the high end l e ED backlit

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Speaker 1: h D t V screens, and that is you can

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Speaker 1: turn the l e d s in the backlighting on

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Speaker 1: and off separately, so you can have an array of

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Speaker 1: white l e d s that are behind the l

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Speaker 1: c D panel, and in the areas that are supposed

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Speaker 1: to be dark, you can turn down or turn off

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Speaker 1: those l c d s. So when you look at

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Speaker 1: big l c D h D t vs today and

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Speaker 1: you see them with super high contrast ratios like three

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Speaker 1: million to one or ten million to one contrast ratios,

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Speaker 1: that's being done by having a panel of l e

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Speaker 1: d s that are behind the l c D panel,

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Speaker 1: and those l e d s are being controlled by

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Speaker 1: the TV signal to turn parts of the screen completely dark.

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