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Speaker 1: Dear listener, It's Maria no Josa and before we start,

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Speaker 1: I want to give you a heads up because this

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Speaker 1: is not a regular Latino USA episode. Today representing the

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Speaker 1: first episode of the network, which is a new series

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Speaker 1: that let You Know USA co produced with NPR's Embedded podcast.

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Speaker 2: Now.

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Speaker 1: This series is about something that is really relevant in

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Speaker 1: the United States right now, and that is abortion. But

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Speaker 1: it's not the story you might be expecting. Our series

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Speaker 1: follows women across the Americas who discovered a method to

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Speaker 1: have safe abortions without doctors in countries where abortion was

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Speaker 1: pretty much banned, and these women changed how people access

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Speaker 1: abortion not only in their countries but around the world,

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Speaker 1: including right here in the United States today. For over

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Speaker 1: a year, Latin Know USA producers Victoria Estrada and Marta

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Speaker 1: Martinez have been reporting on this story and now they're

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Speaker 1: going to take us all over the Americas to follow

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Speaker 1: this movement made up of women's networks. Here now are

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Speaker 1: Martha and Victoria with the first episode of the network.

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Speaker 3: It was one of those moments when people understand their

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Speaker 3: witnessing history, they remember where they were.

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Speaker 4: I was standing at my standing desk in my house,

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Speaker 4: waiting and.

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Speaker 5: I just started crying at my desk.

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Speaker 2: It was totally surreal.

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Speaker 6: They remember where they were when Roe versus Wade fell.

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Speaker 3: The biggest change to abortion rights in the United States

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Speaker 3: and nearly half a century is here.

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Speaker 6: The Supreme Court had made its decision.

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Speaker 3: Ruling that ends the constitutional right to an abortion. While

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Speaker 3: abortion rights opponents celebrated the news that Rowe had been overturned,

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Speaker 3: many abortion rights supporters feared the US was going backwards,

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Speaker 3: back to the nineteen hundred.

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Speaker 7: It's like, what are they going to take from us next?

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Speaker 6: Back to a more dangerous time.

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Speaker 4: This is an emergency, This is an extreme crisis.

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Speaker 3: People will die across the country.

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Speaker 6: Protesters gathered on the steps of the Supreme Court in Washington,

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Speaker 6: d c. Holding images of code hangers over their heads

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Speaker 6: right by by.

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Speaker 3: The day after the fall of Row, thirteen states immediately

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Speaker 3: banned or severely limited abortion. Eventually nearly half of old

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Speaker 3: states did, and within a month of the ruling, dozens

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Speaker 3: of clinics stopped performing abortions, forcing many Americans to trouble

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Speaker 3: hundreds of miles to get one. Other laws targeted abortion providers.

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Speaker 8: Are you scared?

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Speaker 9: I am scared, and I think a lot of us

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Speaker 9: are because there's nowhere else in medicine that is policed

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Speaker 9: and regulated and now criminalized to such a degree.

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Speaker 6: But not all abortion rights supporters felt this way.

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Speaker 2: Everybody was so calm in the network.

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Speaker 6: The network, it's what we're calling the diffuse set of

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Speaker 6: people who are expanding abortion access in an unconventional way.

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Speaker 6: They were not panicking.

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Speaker 8: Everybody was like, we've been doing this work, We're going

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Speaker 8: to continue doing this work.

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Speaker 2: Nothing is changing. Who cares.

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Speaker 8: I'm actually energized.

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Speaker 3: This network it's hard to even describe because it's not

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Speaker 3: formal or centralized. There's no ceo, no headquarters.

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Speaker 6: Some people work together, but plenty don't know each other.

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Speaker 6: They're midwives and nurses, grandmothers and friends.

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Speaker 3: This network cross borders and reaches people throughout the world,

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Speaker 3: from South Africa to Mian March to Mexico and all

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Speaker 3: over the United States. What unites the network is how

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Speaker 3: they are expanding abortion access by helping women have safe

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Speaker 3: abortions on their own without a doctor involved.

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Speaker 6: Their method grew out of a very small thing. It

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Speaker 6: actually fits in the palm of your hand.

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Speaker 3: But despite being physically tiny, when it comes to reproactive health,

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Speaker 3: doctors researchers and people working in this field say it's

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Speaker 3: been monumental, extraordinarily important.

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Speaker 8: It's a lifesaver in so many ways.

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Speaker 3: Is the equivalent to the discovery of penicillin, because it's

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Speaker 3: a before and.

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Speaker 6: After, But unlike penicillin, this discovery has not been universally embraced. Instead,

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Speaker 6: it's the latest target of abortion restrictions that continue to

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Speaker 6: make the news.

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Speaker 7: The future of abortion access could be impacted by a

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Speaker 7: new lawsuit just filed by the Attorney General of Texas.

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Speaker 7: Long dormant federal law prohibits the nailing of any supplies

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Speaker 7: used for abortions.

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Speaker 6: Possession could be punishable by up to five years in prison.

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Speaker 3: From NPR's Embedded and Futuro Media's Latino Usa, This Is

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Speaker 3: the Network.

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Speaker 6: A series about the DIY method that tooks safe abortions

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Speaker 6: out of the clinic and the women who made it happen.

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Speaker 3: Episode one, Santo Tech.

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Speaker 6: I'm Victoria Estrada.

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Speaker 3: And I'm Marta Martine. We're both producers at the public

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Speaker 3: radio show Latino USA. We've been covering reproductive rights in

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Speaker 3: the Americas for years now.

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Speaker 6: And when we started to see more and more challenges

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Speaker 6: to abortion access in the US. We immediately thought about

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Speaker 6: Latin America because historically Latin America has had strict abortion bands,

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Speaker 6: not so different from what we're seeing now in parts

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Speaker 6: of the US.

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Speaker 3: But as research from around the world shows, bands don't

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Speaker 3: stop people from getting abortions. They just lead them to

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Speaker 3: take more risks to end their pregnancies. That's where the

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Speaker 3: phrase bacali abortion comes from and where we get the

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Speaker 3: image of a woman using a code hanger self managing

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Speaker 3: her abortion.

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Speaker 6: But nearly forty years ago, in Latin America, women developed

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Speaker 6: an abortion method that was medically safe and effective, no

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Speaker 6: doctor needed, and this new type of self managed abortion

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Speaker 6: transformed how abortions happened across the world today.

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Speaker 3: It all started in Brazil, where this method was born

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Speaker 3: in the late nineteen eighties. Victoria and I took a

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Speaker 3: trip there last year in twenty twenty four, and one

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Speaker 3: of the people we interviewed was Jacqueline pe Tanki Hi.

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Speaker 10: Jacqueline.

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Speaker 3: Jacqueline is a longtime feminist advocate how was Your Day?

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Speaker 3: And she lived through Brazil's military dictatorship, which lasted for

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Speaker 3: more than two decades. When the dictatorship fell in nineteen

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Speaker 3: eighty five, she thought to get women's rights into Brazil's

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Speaker 3: new constitution, because women at the time had so little

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Speaker 3: say in their workplaces, marriages, or over their bodies.

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Speaker 2: So here in front.

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Speaker 11: You have the Christ.

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Speaker 2: Oh, it's here, right here.

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Speaker 3: From Jacqueline's falcony in Rio de Janeiro, we could see

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Speaker 3: what's probably the most iconic image of Brazil, the statue

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Speaker 3: of Christ the Redeemer. So you see it every day

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Speaker 3: in the morning when you wake up, like hello and yeah,

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Speaker 3: I say hello, Christ, how are you be good?

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Speaker 2: Be good, Jesus Christ.

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Speaker 3: Maybe you've seen it in a movie or photos. It's

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Speaker 3: this huge sculpture overlooking the whole city of Rio de

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Speaker 3: Janeiro on top of this spectacular cliff. It's interesting because

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Speaker 3: I was actually talking about this with Victoria this morning,

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Speaker 3: that religion is very resent in this city in a

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Speaker 3: very visual way, because you have the Christ up there

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Speaker 3: in the mountain looking at you all from everywhere.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, everywhere, everywhere.

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Speaker 3: It's this constant reminder of the influenced Catholicism has had

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Speaker 3: on Brazil for much of its history.

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Speaker 11: For the careful of church contraception has always been a

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Speaker 11: key issue.

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Speaker 3: Until the eighties, many Brazilian women didn't have great access

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Speaker 3: to birth control before then. In the Burhish region of

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Speaker 3: the country, women had an average almost six children.

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Speaker 6: We heard that some women just didn't know much about

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Speaker 6: their own bodies. For example, some women were afraid of

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Speaker 6: using tampons because they thought they might get lost inside

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Speaker 6: of their vaginas. We also heard that some women thought

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Speaker 6: that their vagina was connected to their mouth.

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Speaker 3: This lack of knowledge had serious consequences.

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Speaker 11: Significant let's call punishment. It was on women's bodies, death

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Speaker 11: or morbidity.

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Speaker 5: Okay, could you just count to ten whom doyce.

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Speaker 3: In the nineteen eighties, Brazil's maternal mortality rate was higher

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Speaker 3: than most of the rest of the world.

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Speaker 5: UVV my, do we see you in Mohel?

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Speaker 12: I lived through a time when women got sick and died,

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Speaker 12: died of infection, died of bleeding, young women, extremely young women.

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Speaker 6: This is doctor Rivaldo Albuquerque so medicotetra.

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Speaker 12: I am a gynecologist, I am a practicing Catholic and

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Speaker 12: I have been working with women's health since I was

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Speaker 12: a medical student.

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Speaker 6: I visited Rivaldo in the coastal city of Recife in

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Speaker 6: northeast Brazil. It's the poorest region in the country. When

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Speaker 6: he started working in a public hospital in nineteen eighty five,

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Speaker 6: the state that Recife is in had the highest maternal

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Speaker 6: mortality rate in all of Brazil. Rivaldo saw it every

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Speaker 6: day in the emergency room, a lot of pregnant women

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Speaker 6: coming into a r with complications from a lack of

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Speaker 6: prenatal care, like chronically high blood pressure, and also complications

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Speaker 6: from abortion.

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Speaker 3: Abortion was and still is illegal in most cases in Brazil,

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Speaker 3: and it was often seen as a sin, but that

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Speaker 3: doesn't mean women were not getting abortions. Research from that

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Speaker 3: time estimated there were between one and four million abortions

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Speaker 3: happening in the country every year.

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Speaker 5: I spasushkity on.

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Speaker 12: People who had the money could look for doctors who

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Speaker 12: did abortions in clinics in hospitals with every safety precaution,

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Speaker 12: using sterilized materials.

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Speaker 6: In other words, people who had the money could go

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Speaker 6: see a doctor who was willing to break the law

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Speaker 6: for the right price. Those were not the women who

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Speaker 6: ended up in the emergency room where Rivaldo worked. His

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Speaker 6: patients had often gone to places that were less reputable

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Speaker 6: and unsafe.

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Speaker 3: Others just tried to self manage their abortion.

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Speaker 10: We heard about lots of ways, herbs, teas or drinks,

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Speaker 10: shahs beb in, session of foreign objects, the rods of

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Speaker 10: an umbrella, needles, and whatever medicines they could buy at

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Speaker 10: the pharmacy.

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Speaker 4: You know all the horror stories that you read about.

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Speaker 3: By the time women got to Rivaldo, they often had

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Speaker 3: perforations in their uterus, hemorrhages, and serious infections.

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Speaker 6: Rivaldo told us about a specific case that has stayed

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Speaker 6: with him. It was a patient who was only a

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Speaker 6: few years younger, and he was at the time.

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Speaker 5: Romomili Diziandois Feelius.

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Speaker 12: She was a nineteen year old woman who had already

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Speaker 12: had two children.

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Speaker 13: She came in with a generalized infection.

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Speaker 12: It was a desperate condition and we didn't have any

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Speaker 12: background information about this woman. She wouldn't speak, She was

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Speaker 12: in no position to explain what had happened to her,

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Speaker 12: and the person who brought her in didn't want to

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Speaker 12: talk either.

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Speaker 6: Rivaldo and the other doctors suspected she had an unsafe abortion,

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Speaker 6: and so they decided to do an exploratory operation.

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Speaker 12: So that we could evaluate the abdomen what was happening

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Speaker 12: with this infection. And when we opened the abdominal cavity,

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Speaker 12: we found the uterus that smelled part of the word rotten.

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Speaker 6: Rivaldo still remembers it.

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Speaker 12: A terrible smell with several perforations. It was a classic

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Speaker 12: picture of an unsafe abortion. Since it's an illegal procedure.

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Speaker 12: The women must have stayed home for a few days

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Speaker 12: or didn't receive proper medication.

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Speaker 6: Who knows how long she waited to go to the

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Speaker 6: hospital after signs that something was wrong, and now there

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Speaker 6: was nothing the doctors could do.

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Speaker 12: Why did this woman die? I can't tell you without hesitation.

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Speaker 12: Because she was black and because she was poor.

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Speaker 6: Poqueraigre Rivaldo told us he really felt for these women.

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Speaker 12: They are in a situation of suffering, of vulnerability.

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Speaker 13: Their health and their life are at risk.

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Speaker 12: I know these women, many are Christians, Evangelical, Catholic, but

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Speaker 12: they are going through a specific moment in their life.

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Speaker 13: They are in need.

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Speaker 3: But Rivaldo was an exception. Many doctors did not treat

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Speaker 3: these patients well.

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Speaker 12: Women who had tried to have an abortion were the

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Speaker 12: last ones to be treated during our shifts.

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Speaker 3: So these women they would be in the emergency room

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Speaker 3: all day long without food or anything to drink.

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Speaker 12: They spent the whole day fasting waiting for their procedure

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Speaker 12: on an empty stomach, and they are being punished because

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Speaker 12: they were the last ones to be taken care of.

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Speaker 3: He remembers that some doctors wouldn't give the women enough

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Speaker 3: anesthesia before their diletion and curtash or DNC, so the

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Speaker 3: women would feel the pain of their cervix being dilated

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Speaker 3: and the walls of their urs being scraped.

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Speaker 12: And the women cried out because of the pain of

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Speaker 12: their suffering. Unfortunately, I heard medical staff say, when you

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Speaker 12: did it, it was a lot of joy, a lot

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Speaker 12: of pleasure, and now you're crying.

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Speaker 13: You don't know what you did. You killed the baby.

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Speaker 6: One doctor told researchers at the time that his hospital

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Speaker 6: was doing two hysterectomies a week because of so many

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Speaker 6: botched abortions. Another doctor called working with these patients a

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Speaker 6: quote revolting process because she was presenting us with a

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Speaker 6: disgusting mess unquote.

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Speaker 3: Some doctors went even further than insulting the women. In

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Speaker 3: some cases they called the police.

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Speaker 12: And the police would come all the way to the

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Speaker 12: hospital and handcuff the women.

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Speaker 13: They would chain them to the bed. Women were arrested.

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Speaker 3: Rivaldo says his hospital never let this happen, but he

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Speaker 3: knew it happened elsewhere.

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Speaker 13: The standard for these women.

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Speaker 12: So these are things that I will never forget some causes.

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Speaker 6: At the end of the shift, Rivaldo would make notes

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Speaker 6: about his patients, who lived, who died.

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Speaker 12: How many birds, how many sea sections, how many surgeries,

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Speaker 12: how many abortions, how many infected abortions.

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Speaker 6: And around the year nineteen eighty seven, he noticed a change,

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Speaker 6: a big change.

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Speaker 12: Severe cases of infections, severe cases of hemorrhage.

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Speaker 13: They disappeared.

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Speaker 3: Women were still coming into the er, but they were

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Speaker 3: showing up with new symptoms, much less serious, ones.

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Speaker 12: Like an increasing body temperature hyperthermia. And it didn't make

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Speaker 12: sense because you couldn't find an infections condition. Some women

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Speaker 12: also had astro intestinal symptoms. We realized that there was

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Speaker 12: something different, and this made us a little confused.

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Speaker 5: So the show took Kofuzu.

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Speaker 6: Around the same time, a researcher named Sara Costa was

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Speaker 6: working for Brazil's School of Public Health in Rio de Janeiro,

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Speaker 6: more than a thousand miles south from Recife, and she

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Speaker 6: noticed another big change.

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Speaker 4: We were seeing this incredible decline in fertility.

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Speaker 3: Suddenly women were having fewer children but.

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Speaker 6: Why it was strange because there were no big policy

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Speaker 6: changes to account for it.

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Speaker 4: The government wasn't providing much information about how to control fertility,

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Speaker 4: and the borshin was still illegal. So something just wasn't

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Speaker 4: adding up. Was its spontaneous use of oral contraception. How

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Speaker 4: were they getting it?

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Speaker 3: So in the early nineties, Sarah began talking directly to

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Speaker 3: the women and we conducted.

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Speaker 4: Those interviews over a period of several months and analyzed

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Speaker 4: the results.

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Speaker 3: She and her team interviewed more than eight hundred pregnant

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Speaker 3: women in seven hospitals in Rio de Janeiro. Many of

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Speaker 3: those women had come into the hospital bleeding. Hospitals in

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Speaker 3: Rio and in other parts of the country had been

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Speaker 3: seeing more cases like this in the past few years,

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Speaker 3: of women who seemed like they had attempted an abortion.

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Speaker 4: We thought we would actually discover a lot more complications,

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Speaker 4: serious complications, but most of the women went into hospital

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Speaker 4: with bleeding, had a cure tage and left left.

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Speaker 3: They didn't get stuck in the hospital with infections or

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Speaker 3: other complications.

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Speaker 4: It was a bit of a surprise.

301
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Speaker 6: In Recife, Rivaldo had noticed a similar pattern.

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Speaker 13: We had a downward curve.

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00:18:55,640 --> 00:19:00,560
Speaker 12: Downward curve in abortion completion, and then there was a

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Speaker 12: moment when you almost didn't see any complications of abortion

305
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Speaker 12: at all.

306
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Speaker 5: Praticamuniting now via complicate.

307
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Speaker 6: Fewer complications from abortion meant one thing.

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Speaker 13: Women stopped dying.

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Speaker 3: Or at least far fewer were dying. From nineteen eighty

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Speaker 3: six to nineteen ninety one, the time Sarah and Rivaldo

311
00:19:30,160 --> 00:19:34,560
Speaker 3: were observing, the World Health Organization recorded a twenty one

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Speaker 3: percent drop in Brazil's maternal mortality rate.

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Speaker 12: It seemed like magic, or a better word, familiari.

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Speaker 6: A miracle, the cause of what Rivaldo calls a miracle.

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Speaker 6: After the break.

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Speaker 3: In nineteen seventy three, the same year that Wade was

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00:20:00,680 --> 00:20:04,639
Speaker 3: decided in the United States, something else happened that transformed

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00:20:04,760 --> 00:20:09,159
Speaker 3: reproactive healthcare, but in a much more roundabout way. An

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00:20:09,200 --> 00:20:13,920
Speaker 3: American pharmaceutical company called CERL developed a new drug to

320
00:20:14,080 --> 00:20:18,359
Speaker 3: gastric ulcers, kind of like TOMS or pepto bismo or

321
00:20:18,359 --> 00:20:23,320
Speaker 3: milk of magnesia. It was a small, white hexagon shaped

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00:20:23,359 --> 00:20:26,920
Speaker 3: bill with a tiny figure of a stomach edged on

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Speaker 3: one side.

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00:20:27,800 --> 00:20:29,840
Speaker 6: Not a belly, the actual organ.

325
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Speaker 3: It's actually the stomach that makes me remember this bill.

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Speaker 6: It's called Cytotech and.

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Speaker 3: Even though it was created by an American pharmaceutical company,

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Speaker 3: the Food and Drug Administration was slow to approve it,

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Speaker 3: several years before being available in the US. Cideattech first

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00:20:47,560 --> 00:20:51,000
Speaker 3: made its way to Europe and then Brazil in nineteen

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Speaker 3: eighty six.

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Speaker 6: And here's where it's hard to know what is fact

333
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Speaker 6: and what is part of the myth of side attech,

334
00:21:00,720 --> 00:21:03,240
Speaker 6: because in Brazil this ulcer pill took on a new

335
00:21:03,280 --> 00:21:07,200
Speaker 6: life for starters. We know that the original side attack

336
00:21:07,280 --> 00:21:11,000
Speaker 6: box came with a warning, but because it's been forty years,

337
00:21:11,119 --> 00:21:12,880
Speaker 6: people remember that warning differently.

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Speaker 3: Jacqueline Petangi, the sociologist who says hello to the Christ

339
00:21:17,200 --> 00:21:20,800
Speaker 3: statue every morning in Rio de Janeiro, remembers that the

340
00:21:20,840 --> 00:21:22,240
Speaker 3: warning was written out.

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00:21:22,600 --> 00:21:25,959
Speaker 11: It's that little paper that comes with the medicine that

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00:21:26,080 --> 00:21:29,160
Speaker 11: says you should avoid to take it if you were

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Speaker 11: pregnant because it could cause contractions.

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00:21:33,760 --> 00:21:38,720
Speaker 6: Doctor Rivaldo Albuquerque remembers the fine priner more specifically, there was.

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00:21:38,680 --> 00:21:41,520
Speaker 12: A very clear paragraph that said that it should not

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00:21:41,600 --> 00:21:46,040
Speaker 12: be usually in pregnant women because it could cause uterinin

347
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Speaker 12: contractions and lead to miscarriage.

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Speaker 3: Debra Denis, a Brazilian anthropologist and law professor who grew

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Speaker 3: up in the eighties remembers the warning as an image

350
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Speaker 3: on the box.

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Speaker 7: It was a profile of a pregnant woman, a big

352
00:22:03,000 --> 00:22:08,159
Speaker 7: belly and a warning crossing the belly, and also.

353
00:22:07,920 --> 00:22:09,359
Speaker 3: With call there was a skull.

354
00:22:09,960 --> 00:22:10,720
Speaker 8: There was his call.

355
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Speaker 13: Wow.

356
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Speaker 7: I'm one hundred percent sure of that.

357
00:22:17,600 --> 00:22:20,600
Speaker 3: We haven't been able to confirm this call, but we

358
00:22:20,800 --> 00:22:23,040
Speaker 3: have seen the image of a pregnant woman in a

359
00:22:23,080 --> 00:22:24,920
Speaker 3: circle with a slash through it.

360
00:22:27,320 --> 00:22:30,520
Speaker 6: When the pharma company developed Cida Tech, it discovered that

361
00:22:30,560 --> 00:22:34,040
Speaker 6: the drug had the significant side effect on women, a

362
00:22:34,119 --> 00:22:38,000
Speaker 6: serious side effect. It caused bleeding and contractions that could

363
00:22:38,040 --> 00:22:39,520
Speaker 6: induce a miscarriage.

364
00:22:39,960 --> 00:22:42,359
Speaker 3: So for people who were pregnant and wanted to stay

365
00:22:42,359 --> 00:22:45,000
Speaker 3: that way, it was a very dangerous pill to take.

366
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Speaker 6: But for people who were pregnant and did not want

367
00:22:49,359 --> 00:22:52,639
Speaker 6: to be SATEA Tech's side effect wasn't a problem. It

368
00:22:52,680 --> 00:22:56,520
Speaker 6: was a solution, a new tool to self manage an abortion.

369
00:22:57,240 --> 00:23:00,680
Speaker 6: But unlike the teas and crochet needles women had been using,

370
00:23:01,040 --> 00:23:04,760
Speaker 6: set Attack was overwhelmingly safe and effective.

371
00:23:04,960 --> 00:23:10,040
Speaker 3: And somebody somewhere, somehow figured that out.

372
00:23:13,080 --> 00:23:16,879
Speaker 4: I don't think we ever identified where it started.

373
00:23:17,520 --> 00:23:20,520
Speaker 2: No, it's impossible to know this. Don't forget. We didn't

374
00:23:20,560 --> 00:23:23,040
Speaker 2: have social media. Then there's no records.

375
00:23:23,840 --> 00:23:25,960
Speaker 6: It wasn't like there was a lot of incentive to

376
00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:29,600
Speaker 6: take credit. Whoever did this was likely breaking the law.

377
00:23:30,000 --> 00:23:31,200
Speaker 2: They wouldn't give their name.

378
00:23:31,280 --> 00:23:35,280
Speaker 11: I am Mary Smith, and listen, you can use this

379
00:23:35,480 --> 00:23:36,879
Speaker 11: to induce an abortion.

380
00:23:37,920 --> 00:23:41,720
Speaker 3: Some speculate that it was a pharmacist or a midwife.

381
00:23:42,280 --> 00:23:45,560
Speaker 4: We certainly knew that pharmacists were involved.

382
00:23:46,040 --> 00:23:48,960
Speaker 11: I went to the pharmacy and I bought this.

383
00:23:49,760 --> 00:23:53,240
Speaker 6: But even if we can't know the original source, we

384
00:23:53,400 --> 00:23:56,440
Speaker 6: do know how the knowledge spread far and white.

385
00:23:56,320 --> 00:23:57,600
Speaker 4: The women themselves.

386
00:23:57,760 --> 00:24:00,639
Speaker 7: Women said hah, I have no question and of saying

387
00:24:00,680 --> 00:24:05,040
Speaker 7: that it was from women, Brazilian women. Women continue taking

388
00:24:05,080 --> 00:24:08,840
Speaker 7: it because it was another woman from her family.

389
00:24:09,040 --> 00:24:12,440
Speaker 4: Who shared with her. It certainly wasn't advertised.

390
00:24:12,880 --> 00:24:13,480
Speaker 2: Was in the air.

391
00:24:14,040 --> 00:24:16,040
Speaker 11: I can't tell you when something is in the air

392
00:24:16,400 --> 00:24:17,640
Speaker 11: among women's talks.

393
00:24:18,240 --> 00:24:19,359
Speaker 2: I mean it was in the air.

394
00:24:26,400 --> 00:24:29,719
Speaker 8: Sayra was spreading by word of mouth.

395
00:24:30,520 --> 00:24:33,280
Speaker 3: This is a woman. We're calling by her initial r

396
00:24:33,680 --> 00:24:36,720
Speaker 3: to protect her safety because what she did was and

397
00:24:36,840 --> 00:24:41,879
Speaker 3: still is illegal in Brazil. Process.

398
00:24:42,240 --> 00:24:44,639
Speaker 8: A woman who went through the process would tell another

399
00:24:45,200 --> 00:24:46,439
Speaker 8: hey by that by that.

400
00:24:47,359 --> 00:24:50,600
Speaker 3: The whispers about side attack reached Dart in nineteen eighty six,

401
00:24:51,080 --> 00:24:53,200
Speaker 3: the same year it came on the market in Brazil,

402
00:24:53,640 --> 00:24:55,879
Speaker 3: and she thought it sounded a lot better than the

403
00:24:55,920 --> 00:24:59,320
Speaker 3: first abortion she had been through, the type of dangerous

404
00:24:59,359 --> 00:25:02,600
Speaker 3: abortion Rivaldo had seen time and time again in the

405
00:25:02,640 --> 00:25:04,840
Speaker 3: emergency room in the early eighties.

406
00:25:05,840 --> 00:25:08,639
Speaker 6: The first time ar needed an abortion, she was a minor,

407
00:25:09,080 --> 00:25:13,200
Speaker 6: thirteen or fourteen years old, living in Pacific. She was

408
00:25:13,280 --> 00:25:16,520
Speaker 6: dating someone a lot older than her and ars even

409
00:25:16,520 --> 00:25:19,600
Speaker 6: though she was in a relationship, she understood almost nothing

410
00:25:19,640 --> 00:25:22,640
Speaker 6: about sex or her body because of how she grew up.

411
00:25:23,320 --> 00:25:26,040
Speaker 8: Oh, my mother raised us like potatoes in the ground.

412
00:25:27,160 --> 00:25:29,200
Speaker 6: Our was one of twelve kids.

413
00:25:29,640 --> 00:25:32,960
Speaker 2: What did you cons I had us on sex so well.

414
00:25:33,040 --> 00:25:37,120
Speaker 8: We didn't have the talk about what sex was. I

415
00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:39,040
Speaker 8: just knew that I was going to get kissed. I

416
00:25:39,080 --> 00:25:42,040
Speaker 8: didn't know that the thing was going to create a child,

417
00:25:42,200 --> 00:25:45,960
Speaker 8: so I didn't know that a partner shouldn't cross certain boundaries.

418
00:25:46,800 --> 00:25:49,960
Speaker 6: When Our started feeling funny and her period stopped, she

419
00:25:50,040 --> 00:25:51,520
Speaker 6: confided in her older sister.

420
00:25:53,560 --> 00:25:58,200
Speaker 8: She sat me down and said, look, you're pregnant. There's

421
00:25:58,280 --> 00:26:00,280
Speaker 8: going to be a baby, and we have to find

422
00:26:00,280 --> 00:26:02,399
Speaker 8: a solution. Because Dad is going to kick you out

423
00:26:02,440 --> 00:26:04,240
Speaker 8: of the house, or he's going to kill you.

424
00:26:05,080 --> 00:26:08,480
Speaker 6: Her sister didn't mean it as an exaggeration. She thought

425
00:26:08,480 --> 00:26:11,160
Speaker 6: her dad would literally kill r if he found out

426
00:26:11,200 --> 00:26:14,000
Speaker 6: she was pregnant. He nearly done just that a few

427
00:26:14,080 --> 00:26:14,760
Speaker 6: years earlier.

428
00:26:15,160 --> 00:26:18,919
Speaker 8: To our sister, Eileen Lavish, he once took out his

429
00:26:19,000 --> 00:26:22,040
Speaker 8: gun and tried to kill my sister, the same sister

430
00:26:22,080 --> 00:26:25,959
Speaker 8: who helped me. Because my sister lost her virginity.

431
00:26:26,680 --> 00:26:29,879
Speaker 6: So it was dangerous for ar to stay pregnant, but

432
00:26:29,920 --> 00:26:32,840
Speaker 6: it was also risky to get an abortion, both physically

433
00:26:33,000 --> 00:26:38,080
Speaker 6: and legally. Our sister took her to a midwife, and

434
00:26:38,280 --> 00:26:41,960
Speaker 6: our remembers the midwife inserted a catheter into her cervix

435
00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:45,320
Speaker 6: to induce an abortion. When she returned to her parents' house,

436
00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:48,320
Speaker 6: she had very heavy bleeding and then passed out.

437
00:26:48,600 --> 00:26:53,560
Speaker 8: Okay, Daddy, I actually fell on the bathroom floor. My

438
00:26:53,680 --> 00:26:56,639
Speaker 8: sister picked me up, showered me, and told my mother,

439
00:26:56,960 --> 00:26:59,520
Speaker 8: I'm going to take her because she's having her period.

440
00:27:00,040 --> 00:27:03,960
Speaker 8: It's very strong and she's weak. She didn't tell my father.

441
00:27:06,040 --> 00:27:08,720
Speaker 6: Our sister took her to the hospital. While she was there,

442
00:27:08,920 --> 00:27:11,400
Speaker 6: doctors questioned her. They wanted to know if she'd done

443
00:27:11,480 --> 00:27:15,200
Speaker 6: anything to cause an abortion. Ar kept denying she had,

444
00:27:15,520 --> 00:27:17,280
Speaker 6: even when they threatened her with jail.

445
00:27:17,560 --> 00:27:20,520
Speaker 8: Is he no? I said, no, of course I had

446
00:27:20,560 --> 00:27:23,360
Speaker 8: to deny it. I was told to deny it. It

447
00:27:23,480 --> 00:27:25,560
Speaker 8: was a crime that involved a lot of people.

448
00:27:25,680 --> 00:27:29,280
Speaker 6: Right Ur was given a DNC to complete her abortion.

449
00:27:29,800 --> 00:27:33,320
Speaker 6: The doctors told her she nearly perforated her uterus and

450
00:27:33,400 --> 00:27:36,240
Speaker 6: had been at risk of losing it. R stayed in

451
00:27:36,280 --> 00:27:39,400
Speaker 6: the hospital for several days to recover in a maternity

452
00:27:39,520 --> 00:27:41,600
Speaker 6: room with other women who'd attempted an abortion.

453
00:27:42,080 --> 00:27:45,119
Speaker 8: All of them had done something, and the one next

454
00:27:45,160 --> 00:27:45,359
Speaker 8: to me.

455
00:27:46,200 --> 00:27:50,480
Speaker 6: She died, died. I asked why, Yes.

456
00:27:50,640 --> 00:27:54,480
Speaker 8: I had a curatage right then I was fine, but

457
00:27:54,600 --> 00:27:57,639
Speaker 8: the one next to me, she never came back.

458
00:28:03,720 --> 00:28:06,680
Speaker 3: A few years later, when I was nineteen years old,

459
00:28:06,920 --> 00:28:08,560
Speaker 3: she got pregnant a second time.

460
00:28:09,040 --> 00:28:09,520
Speaker 5: She says.

461
00:28:09,560 --> 00:28:11,600
Speaker 3: The guy she had seen just a couple of times

462
00:28:11,800 --> 00:28:15,800
Speaker 3: forced himself on her. I decided to have another abortion,

463
00:28:16,200 --> 00:28:19,480
Speaker 3: but this time it was a very different experience because

464
00:28:19,480 --> 00:28:22,320
Speaker 3: of cytotech aparash trity.

465
00:28:22,680 --> 00:28:26,280
Speaker 8: It was for gastritis. So they sold it at the pharmacy.

466
00:28:26,400 --> 00:28:29,560
Speaker 8: Like water, you just go in and say, hey, give

467
00:28:29,600 --> 00:28:32,280
Speaker 8: me a box of cyitotech. Anyone could buy it.

468
00:28:32,600 --> 00:28:35,160
Speaker 3: The pharmacy she bought it from told her to swallow

469
00:28:35,160 --> 00:28:38,120
Speaker 3: two pills, wait a couple of hours, then take two

470
00:28:38,160 --> 00:28:41,840
Speaker 3: more pills until she finished six pills. He also gave

471
00:28:41,840 --> 00:28:44,200
Speaker 3: her an instruction that was very common at the time.

472
00:28:44,480 --> 00:28:50,040
Speaker 8: Oh, look, you were going to expel. When you expel,

473
00:28:50,120 --> 00:28:52,600
Speaker 8: when you're bleeding a lot, go to the hospital.

474
00:28:53,720 --> 00:28:57,480
Speaker 3: I went home and took the pills.

475
00:28:56,160 --> 00:29:01,280
Speaker 8: So the contraction started and I had some leading, she says.

476
00:29:01,320 --> 00:29:04,200
Speaker 3: The pain was strong, but not like with the first abortion.

477
00:29:04,920 --> 00:29:08,640
Speaker 3: She was bleeding, but she didn't faint. She didn't have

478
00:29:08,680 --> 00:29:10,880
Speaker 3: her sister by her side, but she was able to

479
00:29:10,880 --> 00:29:14,720
Speaker 3: get herself to the emergency room. One thing was the same.

480
00:29:15,440 --> 00:29:19,800
Speaker 3: The doctors again questioned her and again are denied that

481
00:29:19,840 --> 00:29:23,640
Speaker 3: she had done anything to cause an abortion, and this

482
00:29:23,800 --> 00:29:26,920
Speaker 3: time arsas she didn't have to stay in the hospital.

483
00:29:27,560 --> 00:29:33,720
Speaker 3: She had a DNC and left. Her parents never found

484
00:29:33,760 --> 00:29:37,000
Speaker 3: out about it. Art went on with her life. She

485
00:29:37,040 --> 00:29:39,600
Speaker 3: moved in with her sister, who supported her going.

486
00:29:39,400 --> 00:29:44,160
Speaker 8: To school in form so I graduated as a social worker.

487
00:29:45,480 --> 00:29:49,000
Speaker 3: The two experiences were very difficult for r but one

488
00:29:49,040 --> 00:29:49,720
Speaker 3: thing was clear.

489
00:29:50,120 --> 00:29:53,560
Speaker 8: The second time, I didn't have a lot of side effects.

490
00:29:54,280 --> 00:29:56,720
Speaker 8: I didn't have a lot of bleeding, so it was

491
00:29:56,840 --> 00:30:02,040
Speaker 8: safer for me. I felt more comfortable Festal.

492
00:30:11,800 --> 00:30:15,959
Speaker 6: Still, she wishes she'd had more support because r and

493
00:30:16,120 --> 00:30:18,600
Speaker 6: women like her who took side attech to cause an

494
00:30:18,600 --> 00:30:23,360
Speaker 6: abortion in those early years, they were experimenting on themselves.

495
00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:25,840
Speaker 6: It's not like the pills came with a slip of

496
00:30:25,880 --> 00:30:28,240
Speaker 6: paper explaining how to have an abortion.

497
00:30:28,720 --> 00:30:32,320
Speaker 3: In fact, if you remember, the instruction said don't take

498
00:30:32,360 --> 00:30:33,520
Speaker 3: this pill if you're pregnant.

499
00:30:34,040 --> 00:30:37,440
Speaker 6: In nineteen ninety three, researchers from a public university in

500
00:30:37,480 --> 00:30:40,480
Speaker 6: the country published a study called side Attack in Brazil

501
00:30:40,800 --> 00:30:43,880
Speaker 6: at Least it doesn't kill. In it, most women reported

502
00:30:43,880 --> 00:30:48,920
Speaker 6: taking between four and sixteen pills, but some reported taking dozens.

503
00:30:49,360 --> 00:30:51,840
Speaker 6: It's likely that ar didn't take the right dose to

504
00:30:51,880 --> 00:30:53,320
Speaker 6: have a complete abortion.

505
00:30:54,080 --> 00:30:59,480
Speaker 3: But over time, Brazilian women again figured out something by themselves.

506
00:31:00,000 --> 00:31:02,280
Speaker 4: One of the interesting things that I noted in my

507
00:31:02,480 --> 00:31:06,760
Speaker 4: research is that women got much better at using cytotech.

508
00:31:07,200 --> 00:31:10,560
Speaker 3: This is Sarah Costa again, the researcher in Rio de Janeiro.

509
00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:14,240
Speaker 3: While she conducted the study in the early nineties, several

510
00:31:14,320 --> 00:31:18,160
Speaker 3: years after cytotech became available, she heard about how women

511
00:31:18,360 --> 00:31:20,040
Speaker 3: were taking the bills, put.

512
00:31:19,880 --> 00:31:23,160
Speaker 4: The manto your tongue or in set the menual vagina.

513
00:31:23,320 --> 00:31:25,800
Speaker 3: Eventually they started getting better results.

514
00:31:25,960 --> 00:31:28,400
Speaker 4: At the beginning, I would say that a lot of

515
00:31:28,440 --> 00:31:32,640
Speaker 4: women needed cureitage, but it turned out once they got

516
00:31:32,680 --> 00:31:36,960
Speaker 4: better at using it, they were actually having complete abortions.

517
00:31:37,640 --> 00:31:41,000
Speaker 3: In other words, they no longer needed a DNC. How

518
00:31:41,040 --> 00:31:43,880
Speaker 3: long was your data collection period?

519
00:31:44,320 --> 00:31:45,360
Speaker 2: I think it was about.

520
00:31:45,120 --> 00:31:46,320
Speaker 4: Six to nine months.

521
00:31:46,880 --> 00:31:48,480
Speaker 2: First it's fast.

522
00:31:48,480 --> 00:31:53,320
Speaker 4: Yeah, so you know, we were able to observe change.

523
00:31:53,360 --> 00:31:55,520
Speaker 6: Of the women who went to a hospital after having

524
00:31:55,560 --> 00:31:59,600
Speaker 6: an abortion, Sarah found that nearly sixty percent reported using

525
00:31:59,680 --> 00:32:02,880
Speaker 6: Sida tech to self manage it. She wrote that this

526
00:32:03,000 --> 00:32:07,360
Speaker 6: represented quote only the tip of the iceberg, because many

527
00:32:07,360 --> 00:32:10,040
Speaker 6: more women could have taken side attech and not needed

528
00:32:10,080 --> 00:32:14,600
Speaker 6: medical help. According to our research, the median dose the

529
00:32:14,640 --> 00:32:18,720
Speaker 6: women were taking was eight hundred micrograms four pills, which

530
00:32:18,760 --> 00:32:22,040
Speaker 6: is the same dose the World Health Organization now recommends

531
00:32:22,080 --> 00:32:24,000
Speaker 6: for pregnancies up to twelve weeks.

532
00:32:25,120 --> 00:32:28,400
Speaker 3: And how are they getting this information? Sarah found that

533
00:32:28,520 --> 00:32:31,960
Speaker 3: the overwhelming majority of women who used Sido tech eighty

534
00:32:32,000 --> 00:32:36,600
Speaker 3: four percent had learned about it from friends, relatives, or colleagues.

535
00:32:37,200 --> 00:32:40,960
Speaker 3: It was the network starting to form women loosely connected

536
00:32:40,960 --> 00:32:45,400
Speaker 3: by whispers. Just by sharing their experiences what worked and

537
00:32:45,480 --> 00:32:48,640
Speaker 3: what didn't work, they began to build knowledge.

538
00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:53,680
Speaker 7: Women know how to be scientists at home when science

539
00:32:53,840 --> 00:32:56,120
Speaker 7: is not offering what they need.

540
00:32:56,640 --> 00:33:00,800
Speaker 6: This is Devorah Denis Agan, the Brazilian anthropologist law professor

541
00:33:00,960 --> 00:33:03,200
Speaker 6: who remembers the skull on the side attack box.

542
00:33:03,680 --> 00:33:08,360
Speaker 7: So basically, it's about observation, it's about taking experiments in

543
00:33:08,440 --> 00:33:12,640
Speaker 7: our own bodies, and it's about sharing with others.

544
00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:17,640
Speaker 6: She calls it domestic science, and she saw the results

545
00:33:17,680 --> 00:33:20,640
Speaker 6: of this domestic science for herself. By the time she

546
00:33:20,720 --> 00:33:23,080
Speaker 6: learned about side attack, it was no good deal.

547
00:33:23,640 --> 00:33:26,920
Speaker 7: So I was at school in the eighties when I

548
00:33:26,960 --> 00:33:31,720
Speaker 7: saw for the first time a classmate with the pills,

549
00:33:31,960 --> 00:33:34,680
Speaker 7: telling us I'm going to take them today.

550
00:33:35,480 --> 00:33:38,479
Speaker 6: Her classmate got the pills through a family member and

551
00:33:38,520 --> 00:33:39,000
Speaker 6: they worked.

552
00:33:40,040 --> 00:33:42,600
Speaker 7: Can you believe that the day after she was in school.

553
00:33:45,840 --> 00:33:49,880
Speaker 3: I'm wondering why you think cito tech became so popular

554
00:33:50,040 --> 00:33:51,040
Speaker 3: so quickly.

555
00:33:51,640 --> 00:33:56,120
Speaker 7: Let me try five reasons. One, it was discovered by women,

556
00:33:57,400 --> 00:34:01,240
Speaker 7: It was shared from women to women. It proved to

557
00:34:01,320 --> 00:34:06,120
Speaker 7: walk and to be safe. It was used for an

558
00:34:06,280 --> 00:34:11,879
Speaker 7: essential need to women's lives, and it was available at

559
00:34:11,880 --> 00:34:15,240
Speaker 7: the community level, and it was cheap, very cheap.

560
00:34:16,360 --> 00:34:19,480
Speaker 3: Pharmacists in Brazil told us they sold it for about

561
00:34:19,560 --> 00:34:23,120
Speaker 3: five bucks in the early nineties, compared to five hundred

562
00:34:23,160 --> 00:34:26,840
Speaker 3: dollars for an abortion at a private clinic. At the time,

563
00:34:27,080 --> 00:34:31,160
Speaker 3: cide Attech sales exploded. Researchers tracked that in the late

564
00:34:31,280 --> 00:34:34,960
Speaker 3: eighties and early nineties, more than fifty thousand boxes of

565
00:34:35,000 --> 00:34:37,680
Speaker 3: the pill were being sold in Brazil every month.

566
00:34:43,960 --> 00:34:47,840
Speaker 6: Actually, there are more reasons women chose cide attack. In

567
00:34:47,880 --> 00:34:51,120
Speaker 6: that same report from nineteen ninety three, CEDA Tech in Brazil,

568
00:34:51,440 --> 00:34:54,520
Speaker 6: at least it doesn't kill. The researchers interviewed women who

569
00:34:54,520 --> 00:34:58,239
Speaker 6: had used it. In their testimonies, they described lots of

570
00:34:58,280 --> 00:35:01,279
Speaker 6: reasons for liking it. We had voice actors read some

571
00:35:01,320 --> 00:35:02,520
Speaker 6: of their quotes aloud.

572
00:35:03,040 --> 00:35:06,400
Speaker 3: Since it wasn't a procedure requiring a doctor's expertise, it

573
00:35:06,480 --> 00:35:09,160
Speaker 3: didn't exactly feel like an abortion to some of these women.

574
00:35:09,640 --> 00:35:13,120
Speaker 8: It's less traumatic, a lot less. You know what the

575
00:35:13,160 --> 00:35:16,880
Speaker 8: sensation is. The sensation is that your period is late,

576
00:35:17,320 --> 00:35:19,399
Speaker 8: and so you take medicine for it to come.

577
00:35:19,880 --> 00:35:24,240
Speaker 6: As a result, some women describe feeling less guilty taking

578
00:35:24,280 --> 00:35:24,640
Speaker 6: the pill.

579
00:35:25,000 --> 00:35:27,879
Speaker 3: If I have gone to a clinic, I would never

580
00:35:28,000 --> 00:35:32,319
Speaker 3: have forgiven myself, and women felt it put them, not

581
00:35:32,480 --> 00:35:35,280
Speaker 3: their partners or doctors in control.

582
00:35:35,840 --> 00:35:40,080
Speaker 14: Using side attack is something that is yours. Nobody has

583
00:35:40,120 --> 00:35:42,360
Speaker 14: to know what you did or you didn't do. No

584
00:35:42,440 --> 00:35:46,120
Speaker 14: one invades your privacy. Even the gynecologists that I went

585
00:35:46,160 --> 00:35:48,960
Speaker 14: to later didn't know that I had had an abortion.

586
00:35:51,920 --> 00:35:54,960
Speaker 6: Women who wanted abortions weren't the only ones who appreciated

587
00:35:54,960 --> 00:35:58,880
Speaker 6: side attack. Many doctors did too, because they didn't have

588
00:35:58,920 --> 00:36:01,879
Speaker 6: to deal with so many gruesome cases or do such

589
00:36:01,960 --> 00:36:06,480
Speaker 6: serious procedures like having to remove a uterus. One doctor

590
00:36:06,480 --> 00:36:10,440
Speaker 6: in sel Paulo told the researchers that he seemed hasterectomsdropped

591
00:36:10,440 --> 00:36:13,680
Speaker 6: from two a week to one every six months.

592
00:36:14,120 --> 00:36:18,200
Speaker 3: When we asked Rivaldo the Ovigian receive how he remembers

593
00:36:18,239 --> 00:36:21,400
Speaker 3: feeling at the time, he used one word.

594
00:36:21,719 --> 00:36:24,319
Speaker 5: I'll leave you relief. I leave the.

595
00:36:26,120 --> 00:36:29,839
Speaker 3: Relief of mind and of conscience, simpme.

596
00:36:29,920 --> 00:36:30,440
Speaker 5: We to peel it.

597
00:36:30,560 --> 00:36:34,080
Speaker 12: I was happy because I saw that what we couldn't do,

598
00:36:34,719 --> 00:36:38,479
Speaker 12: which was to help women, the network was doing it,

599
00:36:39,600 --> 00:36:40,920
Speaker 12: and that's what I wanted.

600
00:36:41,760 --> 00:36:43,920
Speaker 13: I wanted women to be healthy.

601
00:36:44,320 --> 00:36:48,000
Speaker 12: So if I couldn't do it effectively, the network was

602
00:36:48,040 --> 00:36:48,480
Speaker 12: doing it.

603
00:36:56,160 --> 00:37:00,080
Speaker 6: Rivaldo told us that feminists and health providers coined the nickname.

604
00:36:59,719 --> 00:37:06,720
Speaker 5: For some attack ashin Shamavady, Santo Techi, Sondy, Santo Santo Techi.

605
00:37:07,320 --> 00:37:09,360
Speaker 6: They called it Santo.

606
00:37:09,000 --> 00:37:25,520
Speaker 3: Tech, cyto tech, Santa tech. It has many names. You

607
00:37:25,600 --> 00:37:29,279
Speaker 3: might know it as miso prosto aka miso like the

608
00:37:29,400 --> 00:37:31,160
Speaker 3: soup or misto.

609
00:37:31,440 --> 00:37:34,600
Speaker 6: There's no agreement on how to pronounce it. Experts believe

610
00:37:34,640 --> 00:37:38,200
Speaker 6: it's now the most commonly used abortion pill in the world,

611
00:37:38,880 --> 00:37:41,719
Speaker 6: and the World Health Organization says it's safe to self

612
00:37:41,760 --> 00:37:45,320
Speaker 6: manage with pills through twelve weeks of pregnancy.

613
00:37:47,040 --> 00:37:49,400
Speaker 3: Later in the series, we follow the network as it

614
00:37:49,440 --> 00:37:53,040
Speaker 3: spreads this pill across Latin America.

615
00:37:53,840 --> 00:37:58,640
Speaker 6: I was like, what, no way, and into the US. Oh,

616
00:37:58,680 --> 00:38:02,640
Speaker 6: there's a whole of you, and you're all like underground

617
00:38:02,640 --> 00:38:04,840
Speaker 6: and secret squirrel and using different names.

618
00:38:05,200 --> 00:38:06,799
Speaker 2: It was just mind blowing.

619
00:38:08,120 --> 00:38:08,279
Speaker 10: Up.

620
00:38:08,320 --> 00:38:11,960
Speaker 3: Next, women create an entirely new support system around me.

621
00:38:12,120 --> 00:38:21,319
Speaker 3: So that challenges the medical establishment and the law al

622
00:38:21,640 --> 00:38:22,399
Speaker 3: e sib.

623
00:38:22,680 --> 00:38:25,160
Speaker 11: Someone was going to do what we didn't dare to

624
00:38:25,719 --> 00:38:27,800
Speaker 11: because we had a license and we were afraid of

625
00:38:27,840 --> 00:38:31,240
Speaker 11: the law.

626
00:38:44,280 --> 00:38:46,080
Speaker 6: If you want to hear the rest of the series

627
00:38:46,200 --> 00:38:50,040
Speaker 6: right now before everyone else, go sign up for Embedded Plus.

628
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633
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635
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636
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637
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638
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639
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640
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641
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647
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653
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654
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657
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658
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659
00:40:59,040 --> 00:40:59,960
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660
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