1 00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:03,120 Speaker 1: During the presidential campaign, Donald Trump decried what he said 2 00:00:03,200 --> 00:00:06,000 Speaker 1: was a rigged system. It turns out the system works 3 00:00:06,040 --> 00:00:09,360 Speaker 1: pretty well for Trump Republican Party. When Trump takes office 4 00:00:10,080 --> 00:00:13,440 Speaker 1: and on January twenty Republicans will control the White House, 5 00:00:13,680 --> 00:00:16,560 Speaker 1: both Houses of Congress, and in twenty five states both 6 00:00:16,600 --> 00:00:20,520 Speaker 1: the governorship and the legislature. Democrats say a major reason 7 00:00:20,640 --> 00:00:24,799 Speaker 1: is jerrymandering. That is, they say Republicans Republicans have drawn 8 00:00:24,880 --> 00:00:30,080 Speaker 1: voting districts to give themselves an unfair advantage in legislative elections. Today, 9 00:00:30,160 --> 00:00:33,440 Speaker 1: former Attorney General Eric Holder said he is heading up 10 00:00:33,440 --> 00:00:36,240 Speaker 1: a new Democratic effort to try to redraw those lines. 11 00:00:37,159 --> 00:00:41,320 Speaker 1: The biggest rig system in America is is jerrymandering, A 12 00:00:41,400 --> 00:00:44,280 Speaker 1: system where the lines are drawn not to represent American 13 00:00:44,320 --> 00:00:49,360 Speaker 1: communities but to benefit politicians, a system where politicians pick 14 00:00:49,479 --> 00:00:53,280 Speaker 1: their voters and not where American citizens choose their representatives. 15 00:00:53,280 --> 00:00:58,360 Speaker 1: Consistent with our founding ideals, The effort will include court 16 00:00:58,440 --> 00:01:02,520 Speaker 1: challenges to Republican drawn apps. Can it succeed? We're gonna 17 00:01:02,600 --> 00:01:05,880 Speaker 1: ask two experts on the subject, Richard Fault, a professor 18 00:01:05,920 --> 00:01:09,360 Speaker 1: at Columbia University Law School, and Joshua Douglas, a professor 19 00:01:09,440 --> 00:01:13,240 Speaker 1: at the University of Kentucky School College of Law. Welcome 20 00:01:13,280 --> 00:01:15,560 Speaker 1: to you both. Richard, let me start with you and 21 00:01:15,600 --> 00:01:18,160 Speaker 1: just kind of define the scope of the issue or 22 00:01:18,319 --> 00:01:21,280 Speaker 1: or a problem from the democratic standpoint, to what extent 23 00:01:21,480 --> 00:01:25,760 Speaker 1: are Democrats actually at a disadvantage because of the way 24 00:01:26,040 --> 00:01:30,080 Speaker 1: these legislative lines have been drawn around the country. Well, 25 00:01:30,120 --> 00:01:32,160 Speaker 1: there is a lot of evidence that a number of 26 00:01:32,160 --> 00:01:35,960 Speaker 1: states Democrats are at a disadvantage from the drawing of 27 00:01:36,040 --> 00:01:39,720 Speaker 1: the lines. That Democrats do well on a statewide basis. 28 00:01:39,760 --> 00:01:43,120 Speaker 1: They win statewide positions governor senator, do well in the 29 00:01:43,160 --> 00:01:46,520 Speaker 1: presidential election, get a significant fraction of the total vote 30 00:01:46,560 --> 00:01:48,960 Speaker 1: for the House of Representatives, but then get a very 31 00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:51,840 Speaker 1: small fraction of the House of Representative seats. And some 32 00:01:51,920 --> 00:01:54,920 Speaker 1: of this repeats in the state legislatures. So it's hard 33 00:01:54,920 --> 00:01:56,840 Speaker 1: to each election is a little bit different from the 34 00:01:56,840 --> 00:01:59,960 Speaker 1: one before. It's hard to say this nationwide and systematic, 35 00:02:00,280 --> 00:02:03,920 Speaker 1: but there's increasing evidence of political scientists have found that's 36 00:02:03,960 --> 00:02:07,280 Speaker 1: the that's the Republican control of the redistricting process in 37 00:02:07,360 --> 00:02:11,079 Speaker 1: many states have given the Republican Party and edge greater 38 00:02:11,160 --> 00:02:15,040 Speaker 1: than their actual strength with the voters. Josh Today, Eric 39 00:02:15,080 --> 00:02:18,280 Speaker 1: Holder said that you know We've always had jerrymandering, but 40 00:02:18,360 --> 00:02:23,200 Speaker 1: this is quote jerrymandering on steroids. Do you see it 41 00:02:23,240 --> 00:02:25,120 Speaker 1: that way too? Do you agree with Rich that it's 42 00:02:25,120 --> 00:02:29,200 Speaker 1: a little bit more than what we've seen in the past. Um, 43 00:02:29,280 --> 00:02:32,360 Speaker 1: you know, that's that's hard to say in the abstract 44 00:02:32,480 --> 00:02:35,320 Speaker 1: because this is just said. You know, each election is different. 45 00:02:35,840 --> 00:02:38,040 Speaker 1: What I will say is that Republicans did a very 46 00:02:38,080 --> 00:02:43,200 Speaker 1: good job of winning state houses in UH and so 47 00:02:43,320 --> 00:02:46,040 Speaker 1: then they were able to control the drawing of district 48 00:02:46,120 --> 00:02:51,120 Speaker 1: mind Um. We redraw district lines every ten years. Democrats 49 00:02:51,120 --> 00:02:52,840 Speaker 1: did a little bit of a better job of it 50 00:02:53,160 --> 00:02:56,480 Speaker 1: in two thousands, UH in in some states, and then 51 00:02:56,520 --> 00:03:00,359 Speaker 1: in Republicans reversed that. UM. I will all to say 52 00:03:00,400 --> 00:03:02,360 Speaker 1: that in some states Democrats are just as bad as 53 00:03:02,400 --> 00:03:06,160 Speaker 1: Republicans in drawing district clients to favor them. There's litigation 54 00:03:06,280 --> 00:03:09,960 Speaker 1: right now going on in Maryland where Republicans are challenging 55 00:03:10,000 --> 00:03:14,440 Speaker 1: a Democratic drawn gerryman or UM. But I would agree 56 00:03:14,480 --> 00:03:17,680 Speaker 1: that in the current political environment and at the post 57 00:03:17,919 --> 00:03:21,240 Speaker 1: regiscaling cycle, Republicans did a much better job at drawing 58 00:03:21,320 --> 00:03:25,480 Speaker 1: minds that favored their side. Part of what what Attorney 59 00:03:25,520 --> 00:03:28,440 Speaker 1: General Holder was saying today was that they were eyeing 60 00:03:28,639 --> 00:03:31,880 Speaker 1: the next census on the next round of redistricting that 61 00:03:31,919 --> 00:03:35,400 Speaker 1: will happen all around the country. Uh Rich, How how 62 00:03:35,600 --> 00:03:39,480 Speaker 1: is redistricting actually done in different places? How many is 63 00:03:39,480 --> 00:03:43,240 Speaker 1: it that most states that the legislature controls it? I 64 00:03:43,280 --> 00:03:45,840 Speaker 1: know there are at least a couple of states that 65 00:03:45,840 --> 00:03:50,080 Speaker 1: I have independent commissions do it right in most states, roughly, 66 00:03:50,400 --> 00:03:51,920 Speaker 1: I don't have the exact numbers in front of roughly 67 00:03:51,920 --> 00:03:54,520 Speaker 1: three quarters of the states, a process is a totally 68 00:03:54,520 --> 00:03:57,800 Speaker 1: political one controlled by the legislature. In about a dozen 69 00:03:57,880 --> 00:04:00,760 Speaker 1: states there is, to one degree or another, either an 70 00:04:00,760 --> 00:04:03,360 Speaker 1: independent or a quasi independent process. There might be a 71 00:04:03,360 --> 00:04:06,560 Speaker 1: commission which is chosen by legislators and political figures, and 72 00:04:06,760 --> 00:04:08,880 Speaker 1: a number of states that keep it one step out 73 00:04:08,880 --> 00:04:11,560 Speaker 1: of the political process, and a small number of states 74 00:04:11,560 --> 00:04:15,119 Speaker 1: California and Arizona most dramatically, there is actually an independently 75 00:04:15,160 --> 00:04:19,440 Speaker 1: selected redistricting commission that is not controlled by the legislature 76 00:04:19,600 --> 00:04:22,680 Speaker 1: or by political leaders, and a few other states the 77 00:04:22,760 --> 00:04:25,560 Speaker 1: process may be political, but there are some state constitutional 78 00:04:25,600 --> 00:04:28,560 Speaker 1: constraints on what they do. Florida is an example of that. 79 00:04:29,760 --> 00:04:34,600 Speaker 1: And Josh So today when Eric Holder was outlining what 80 00:04:34,680 --> 00:04:37,640 Speaker 1: they planned to do. One of the things was one 81 00:04:37,640 --> 00:04:40,880 Speaker 1: of the first team mentioned was focused on electoral gains, 82 00:04:40,960 --> 00:04:44,560 Speaker 1: and they're going to invest in targeted governors races and 83 00:04:44,640 --> 00:04:49,560 Speaker 1: state legislative races, for example Virginia governorship. Is that a 84 00:04:49,560 --> 00:04:54,200 Speaker 1: good approach to trying to get redistricting back in the 85 00:04:54,240 --> 00:04:57,719 Speaker 1: hands of Democrats. Yeah, I mean, I think this is 86 00:04:58,400 --> 00:05:01,640 Speaker 1: it's got to be the approach at a grassroots level, 87 00:05:01,640 --> 00:05:05,400 Speaker 1: and it's one thing that Republicans did very well is 88 00:05:05,480 --> 00:05:11,560 Speaker 1: focused on state legislative uh and gubernatorial elections. I think 89 00:05:11,560 --> 00:05:14,920 Speaker 1: the legislative elections are actually even more important than the 90 00:05:14,960 --> 00:05:19,479 Speaker 1: gubernatorial elections because in most days is the state legislature 91 00:05:19,960 --> 00:05:22,640 Speaker 1: that draws the lines. And so if you have a 92 00:05:23,160 --> 00:05:26,840 Speaker 1: majority Republican control of both houses, they can control the 93 00:05:26,920 --> 00:05:30,039 Speaker 1: drawing of lines both for the state legislature and also 94 00:05:30,160 --> 00:05:32,960 Speaker 1: for Congress. The state legislature draws the lines for both 95 00:05:33,360 --> 00:05:37,000 Speaker 1: the state house representatives in the state Senate as well 96 00:05:37,040 --> 00:05:41,200 Speaker 1: as the federal House of Representatives. So I think focusing 97 00:05:41,279 --> 00:05:46,080 Speaker 1: on these local state level legislative seats is the key 98 00:05:46,240 --> 00:05:49,159 Speaker 1: to change in the tides for Democrats. Rich is it 99 00:05:49,200 --> 00:05:52,520 Speaker 1: possible we've already gone over a tipping point to some degree. 100 00:05:52,960 --> 00:05:56,360 Speaker 1: In other words, because Republicans have drawn the lines and 101 00:05:56,360 --> 00:05:57,919 Speaker 1: in some of these states, and Josh of course is 102 00:05:58,000 --> 00:06:01,000 Speaker 1: right that they've Democrats have controlled some other states. But 103 00:06:01,720 --> 00:06:05,119 Speaker 1: because of that, you have UM it will be harder 104 00:06:05,120 --> 00:06:08,280 Speaker 1: to unseat those Republicans in those elections that Josh was 105 00:06:08,320 --> 00:06:12,920 Speaker 1: talking about. And because they control the governorships and the legislatures, 106 00:06:12,960 --> 00:06:16,560 Speaker 1: they also control the judiciary that might be making rulings 107 00:06:16,600 --> 00:06:19,520 Speaker 1: on these issues. It sounds like this is a really, 108 00:06:19,720 --> 00:06:22,800 Speaker 1: really an uphill battle for the Democrats. I think that's 109 00:06:22,839 --> 00:06:26,559 Speaker 1: fair and certainly, UH they're not lucky to have huge 110 00:06:26,600 --> 00:06:30,599 Speaker 1: political gains before the UH cycles. I think that the 111 00:06:30,680 --> 00:06:34,240 Speaker 1: best bet for singul because politically isn't will be I mean, 112 00:06:34,520 --> 00:06:36,680 Speaker 1: they might try and make some incremental gain gains in 113 00:06:36,720 --> 00:06:39,479 Speaker 1: the off YEO elections like the Virginia governorship UH and 114 00:06:39,520 --> 00:06:43,479 Speaker 1: New Jersey governorships which are in and the state legislative elections, 115 00:06:44,320 --> 00:06:48,800 Speaker 1: but some sense their best bet is that when there's 116 00:06:48,800 --> 00:06:51,960 Speaker 1: another presidential election where presidents were Democrats going to do better, 117 00:06:52,040 --> 00:06:54,760 Speaker 1: particularly the popular vote, to try and pick up more 118 00:06:54,800 --> 00:06:57,480 Speaker 1: state legislative seats. Because said Josh is right, the real 119 00:06:57,560 --> 00:07:00,240 Speaker 1: key is to state legislatures with an eye towards UH. 120 00:07:00,520 --> 00:07:04,160 Speaker 1: The post is redistricting, but it is an uphill fight. 121 00:07:04,760 --> 00:07:06,719 Speaker 1: There are the problems that Democrats have, as people have 122 00:07:06,800 --> 00:07:12,400 Speaker 1: pointed out, UH, Democrats are increasingly clustered in sort of 123 00:07:12,520 --> 00:07:16,000 Speaker 1: urban and metropolitan areas, and they tend to the more 124 00:07:16,320 --> 00:07:19,320 Speaker 1: density popular areas tend to be democratic, so that Democrats 125 00:07:19,760 --> 00:07:23,200 Speaker 1: tend to win by bigger margins where they win, and that, 126 00:07:23,280 --> 00:07:26,680 Speaker 1: in a sense, quote unquote waste democratic voting strength in 127 00:07:26,720 --> 00:07:29,960 Speaker 1: areas where they're already strong. Democrats really have to begin 128 00:07:30,000 --> 00:07:33,320 Speaker 1: an effort to rebuild themselves in areas where they were 129 00:07:33,320 --> 00:07:37,000 Speaker 1: once strong, in rural areas UH, and less populated areas, 130 00:07:37,000 --> 00:07:40,040 Speaker 1: small cities where they seem to have not been able 131 00:07:40,080 --> 00:07:44,360 Speaker 1: to maintain a local political strength. Josh. One of the 132 00:07:44,480 --> 00:07:48,360 Speaker 1: other things that Holder mentioned was legal gains fighting in 133 00:07:48,480 --> 00:07:55,200 Speaker 1: courts over registricting maps. How tough are those legal fights, Well, 134 00:07:55,240 --> 00:07:59,400 Speaker 1: they're generally pretty tough, although it's possible they might get easier. 135 00:07:59,440 --> 00:08:02,920 Speaker 1: There's a case right now out of Wisconsin in which 136 00:08:03,440 --> 00:08:08,000 Speaker 1: a three judge district court ruled the Wisconsin Gerrymanager to 137 00:08:08,120 --> 00:08:12,480 Speaker 1: be unconstitutional under a new standard for partisan jerrymandering. The 138 00:08:12,520 --> 00:08:14,920 Speaker 1: reason that litigation has been so tough the route out 139 00:08:15,480 --> 00:08:18,520 Speaker 1: UH political jerrymandering is because the Court has said that 140 00:08:18,520 --> 00:08:22,520 Speaker 1: there are no standards by which to UH to evaluate 141 00:08:22,640 --> 00:08:27,240 Speaker 1: whether politics infiltrated the mass drawing process too much. Because 142 00:08:27,480 --> 00:08:29,800 Speaker 1: it's a legislative act, it's going to be political. And 143 00:08:29,840 --> 00:08:32,200 Speaker 1: so for years people have been trying to come up 144 00:08:32,240 --> 00:08:34,839 Speaker 1: with standards because the Court, on a five four vote 145 00:08:35,280 --> 00:08:39,040 Speaker 1: UH says that there are no judicially manageable standards. UM. 146 00:08:39,120 --> 00:08:41,880 Speaker 1: Now there was continents with contentates looks like it may 147 00:08:41,920 --> 00:08:44,880 Speaker 1: go up to the Supreme Court, and the lower court 148 00:08:45,040 --> 00:08:48,120 Speaker 1: has found that advice this new standards known as the 149 00:08:48,160 --> 00:08:51,840 Speaker 1: efficiency gap. And so if the Supreme Court were to 150 00:08:51,840 --> 00:08:55,120 Speaker 1: recognize this standard, UH, then you would open up a 151 00:08:55,240 --> 00:08:59,400 Speaker 1: whole new ability to challenge partisan jerrymanders. Right now with 152 00:09:00,080 --> 00:09:02,960 Speaker 1: challenges have done have found other ways to challenge MATT 153 00:09:03,080 --> 00:09:06,720 Speaker 1: so the requirement of one person, one vote at all districts, 154 00:09:06,800 --> 00:09:11,360 Speaker 1: the equal size UH, the challenge on racial jerrymandering. In 155 00:09:11,400 --> 00:09:15,560 Speaker 1: many ways, the challenges are and run around UH attempts 156 00:09:15,600 --> 00:09:18,640 Speaker 1: to get at partisan jerrymandering as well. A minute ago, 157 00:09:18,800 --> 00:09:22,360 Speaker 1: Josh was talking about this political jerrymandering case that's coming 158 00:09:22,440 --> 00:09:25,079 Speaker 1: up to the Supreme Court. What we've been used to 159 00:09:25,080 --> 00:09:28,839 Speaker 1: seeing cases involving racial jerrymandering, where the allegation is, uh, 160 00:09:28,920 --> 00:09:32,120 Speaker 1: you packed too many members of one race into into 161 00:09:32,160 --> 00:09:35,320 Speaker 1: one district. Here the claim has to do with you 162 00:09:35,400 --> 00:09:39,400 Speaker 1: packed all the Republican voters, are voters of one party 163 00:09:39,400 --> 00:09:44,559 Speaker 1: into into certain districts to maximize one party's advantage. Is 164 00:09:45,080 --> 00:09:49,080 Speaker 1: that case potentially a game changer in all this this 165 00:09:49,160 --> 00:09:54,360 Speaker 1: litigation couldn't change the way districts are are drawn around 166 00:09:54,360 --> 00:09:57,440 Speaker 1: the country. So I think Josh was talking about it 167 00:09:57,440 --> 00:10:00,360 Speaker 1: before the break. If it is Josh, we're saying what 168 00:10:00,440 --> 00:10:03,680 Speaker 1: the Court has been searching for for many years is 169 00:10:03,720 --> 00:10:07,920 Speaker 1: a standard, a judicially manageable standards, something that's not too discretionary. 170 00:10:07,920 --> 00:10:10,920 Speaker 1: Were something that looks like a formula like one person, 171 00:10:11,000 --> 00:10:15,960 Speaker 1: one vote, uh, without without requiring proportional representation, because there's 172 00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:20,200 Speaker 1: no constitutional basis proportional representation, and people know that even 173 00:10:20,320 --> 00:10:24,760 Speaker 1: any districting system, it's actually unlikely that the proportion of 174 00:10:24,920 --> 00:10:29,120 Speaker 1: elected seat of party winners will match the votes because 175 00:10:29,160 --> 00:10:32,280 Speaker 1: there's often there'll be if there's a swing in one direction, 176 00:10:32,559 --> 00:10:34,480 Speaker 1: a party will pick up seats across the board. So 177 00:10:34,720 --> 00:10:39,199 Speaker 1: they've been looking for for efforts to measure unfairness, efforts 178 00:10:39,200 --> 00:10:43,040 Speaker 1: which unduly tilt of districts for one party or the 179 00:10:43,080 --> 00:10:46,040 Speaker 1: other so that a party could consistently win a majority 180 00:10:46,080 --> 00:10:48,240 Speaker 1: of a not come close to a majority of the seats. 181 00:10:48,600 --> 00:10:51,640 Speaker 1: And that's what this the formula. What the the argument 182 00:10:51,640 --> 00:10:54,120 Speaker 1: in Wisconsin, which the three judge court bought was that 183 00:10:54,480 --> 00:10:56,880 Speaker 1: the theory is that you can measure what might be 184 00:10:57,000 --> 00:11:02,480 Speaker 1: called wasted vote uh uh, the situation in which one party, 185 00:11:02,520 --> 00:11:05,680 Speaker 1: in caseus, the Republicans set it up so that they 186 00:11:05,760 --> 00:11:10,240 Speaker 1: win their districts with relatively narrow marchin narrow but consistent margins, 187 00:11:10,600 --> 00:11:13,679 Speaker 1: and the Democrats win their districts by enormous margins, so 188 00:11:13,760 --> 00:11:18,160 Speaker 1: that Republican seats are sort of fifty republican and Democratic 189 00:11:18,200 --> 00:11:21,040 Speaker 1: seats are democratic. And that means that you can have 190 00:11:21,120 --> 00:11:23,440 Speaker 1: very large numbers of Democrats are all packed into one 191 00:11:23,760 --> 00:11:26,400 Speaker 1: into a SMA number districts who have no influence on 192 00:11:26,440 --> 00:11:29,599 Speaker 1: the other districts, and the plane canst argue in the 193 00:11:29,640 --> 00:11:32,640 Speaker 1: court degree that you can develop a formula which measures 194 00:11:33,400 --> 00:11:37,839 Speaker 1: just how much more quote unquote efficient the Republican Party 195 00:11:37,960 --> 00:11:40,640 Speaker 1: is in arranging its voters and its seats versus of 196 00:11:40,679 --> 00:11:43,240 Speaker 1: the Democratic Party. And they've done that looking at things 197 00:11:43,280 --> 00:11:46,160 Speaker 1: to starting Wisconsin and another states. And that's that's the argument. 198 00:11:46,600 --> 00:11:50,160 Speaker 1: So Josh, let's talk a little bit about what Eric 199 00:11:50,280 --> 00:11:54,360 Speaker 1: Holder complains about when he talks about this issue. Is 200 00:11:54,600 --> 00:11:57,760 Speaker 1: the Shelby County case in which the Supreme Court cut 201 00:11:57,880 --> 00:12:01,760 Speaker 1: back severely on the history work the landmark Voting Rights Act. 202 00:12:02,280 --> 00:12:05,319 Speaker 1: How much of the problems that the Democrats are complaining 203 00:12:05,360 --> 00:12:09,200 Speaker 1: about can be attributed to that case. Well, I think 204 00:12:09,720 --> 00:12:13,000 Speaker 1: the problems can be attributed only in part to Shelby 205 00:12:13,080 --> 00:12:17,480 Speaker 1: County because the laws that Shelby County struck down only 206 00:12:17,520 --> 00:12:20,480 Speaker 1: applied to a handful of states, mostly in the South. 207 00:12:21,320 --> 00:12:24,200 Speaker 1: For those states, it's a big deal. So states like Texas, 208 00:12:24,360 --> 00:12:29,080 Speaker 1: North Carolina. And here's why. Before Shelby County, those states 209 00:12:29,160 --> 00:12:32,240 Speaker 1: had to get pre approval was known as preclearance, but 210 00:12:32,400 --> 00:12:35,400 Speaker 1: to preapproval before they can implement any new election law. 211 00:12:35,679 --> 00:12:38,000 Speaker 1: And that included a new math. And so they would 212 00:12:38,040 --> 00:12:40,640 Speaker 1: draw a map and they have to go to the 213 00:12:40,720 --> 00:12:43,480 Speaker 1: Department of Justice in d c. Or to a three 214 00:12:43,600 --> 00:12:46,719 Speaker 1: judge federal court and basically said, here's this math. What 215 00:12:46,840 --> 00:12:50,319 Speaker 1: we're about to implement to for our new redistricting. We 216 00:12:50,400 --> 00:12:52,520 Speaker 1: don't think it discriminates on the basis of race, and 217 00:12:52,800 --> 00:12:55,120 Speaker 1: the state had the burden of approving that before it 218 00:12:55,160 --> 00:12:58,400 Speaker 1: can implement. After Shelby County in which the court struck 219 00:12:58,520 --> 00:13:01,960 Speaker 1: down the coverage formula basically struck down which states were 220 00:13:02,040 --> 00:13:05,760 Speaker 1: covered under this preapproval mechanism, those states no longer have 221 00:13:05,920 --> 00:13:08,079 Speaker 1: to go and get pre approval. They can implement the 222 00:13:08,160 --> 00:13:10,800 Speaker 1: maps right away and then weak for a lawsuit, and 223 00:13:10,880 --> 00:13:15,840 Speaker 1: then instead of being proactive in proving they're not discriminating, UH, 224 00:13:15,920 --> 00:13:18,280 Speaker 1: they can wait for the lawsuit and it's the plaintiffsburg 225 00:13:18,480 --> 00:13:21,839 Speaker 1: to prove that there's discrimination. So I think that in 226 00:13:21,960 --> 00:13:24,720 Speaker 1: the states that the Voting Attact covered for this pre 227 00:13:24,840 --> 00:13:27,679 Speaker 1: approval is pretty claimed. It makes a big difference. But 228 00:13:27,920 --> 00:13:31,120 Speaker 1: of course that provision did not cover the whole country, 229 00:13:31,200 --> 00:13:35,560 Speaker 1: so Wisconsin, for example, was not a cover jurisdiction. June 230 00:13:35,600 --> 00:13:37,959 Speaker 1: I suspect. One other thing that may make a difference 231 00:13:38,080 --> 00:13:39,880 Speaker 1: is a topic we talked about earlier this week, which 232 00:13:39,960 --> 00:13:42,959 Speaker 1: is UH Jeff Sessions taking over the Justice Department. He 233 00:13:43,080 --> 00:13:46,040 Speaker 1: has been UH an opponent of some of the Voting 234 00:13:46,120 --> 00:13:51,640 Speaker 1: Rights Act lawsuits that the Obama administration brought another day. Yes, absolutely. 235 00:13:51,960 --> 00:13:54,560 Speaker 1: I want to thank our guest Josh Douglas, professor at 236 00:13:54,640 --> 00:13:57,160 Speaker 1: the University of Kentucky College of Law, and Richard brafal To, 237 00:13:57,160 --> 00:14:00,439 Speaker 1: a professor at Columbia University Law School. That's for this 238 00:14:00,679 --> 00:14:03,040 Speaker 1: edition of Bloomberg Law. We'll be back tomorrow thanks to 239 00:14:03,080 --> 00:14:06,760 Speaker 1: our technical director Chris trike Homey and our producer David Sutterman. 240 00:14:07,200 --> 00:14:09,480 Speaker 1: You can find more legal news at Bloomberg Law dot 241 00:14:09,559 --> 00:14:12,120 Speaker 1: com and Bloomberg Being a dot com. Coming up on 242 00:14:12,160 --> 00:14:15,960 Speaker 1: Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Markets with Carol Messer and Corey Johnson. Carol, 243 00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:17,439 Speaker 1: I think you're in the studio there in New York. 244 00:14:17,480 --> 00:14:19,560 Speaker 1: What are you guys talking about? I certainly am. It's 245 00:14:19,600 --> 00:14:22,320 Speaker 1: a busy, busy day. Greg. We're talking a bit more 246 00:14:22,360 --> 00:14:25,360 Speaker 1: about that emission scandal expanding. It looks like now to 247 00:14:25,560 --> 00:14:28,560 Speaker 1: feet Chrysler, so we'll get into that. Also, just talk 248 00:14:28,600 --> 00:14:31,960 Speaker 1: about the fixed income market with a top performing fund manager, 249 00:14:32,240 --> 00:14:34,680 Speaker 1: so we get a lot going on. Also Amazon creating jobs. 250 00:14:34,760 --> 00:14:36,720 Speaker 1: Back to you guys, you do have a lot going on. 251 00:14:37,040 --> 00:14:40,040 Speaker 1: Stay tuned for all that and more here on Bloomberg Radio. 252 00:14:40,320 --> 00:14:43,280 Speaker 1: You've been listening to Bloomberg law, This is Bloomberg