WEBVTT - SYSK Selects: Virus Talk with Josh and Chuck 0:00:01.160 --> 0:00:04.400 Hello, friends out there, It's Chuck Bryant here on a 0:00:04.440 --> 0:00:08.760 Saturday to intro my select pick for this week from 0:00:08.760 --> 0:00:13.560 October four two fourteen. Virus Talk with Josh and Chuck. 0:00:14.040 --> 0:00:17.079 Not a spin off show, but as podcast episode we 0:00:17.200 --> 0:00:20.720 recorded about virus is very very interesting stuff. Give it 0:00:20.720 --> 0:00:26.440 a listen right now. Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, 0:00:26.640 --> 0:00:35.000 a production of My Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hey, 0:00:35.080 --> 0:00:37.960 and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, There's Charles 0:00:38.159 --> 0:00:42.400 w Chuck Bryant, There's Jerry Uh. And this is Stuff 0:00:42.440 --> 0:00:46.400 you Should Know, featuring my enormous dot up nose and 0:00:46.400 --> 0:00:49.600 how appropriate. Yeah, well that was one of the reasons 0:00:49.600 --> 0:00:51.519 why I wanted to do this one. I figured I'm 0:00:51.560 --> 0:00:55.960 a little sick right now. Yeah still, and uh, I 0:00:56.000 --> 0:00:58.040 wanted to know more about the monster inside of me. 0:00:58.440 --> 0:01:01.760 That's right, Like I'm not feeling great and knowledge is power, 0:01:01.840 --> 0:01:04.679 like we always say, exactly, Like, just from researching this, 0:01:04.760 --> 0:01:07.640 I was like starting to break a sweat and tremble 0:01:07.760 --> 0:01:09.959 and I was like, I'm getting better, and then I 0:01:10.000 --> 0:01:12.479 passed out and hit my head. Yeah, and I didn't 0:01:12.480 --> 0:01:15.520 have enough time to finish studying so good, I'm gonna 0:01:15.560 --> 0:01:18.199 have to make a lot of this up. Chuck cool. Yeah, 0:01:18.200 --> 0:01:22.040 we've covered we covered ebola recently, and we are definitely 0:01:22.040 --> 0:01:24.119 going to cover HIV at some point. We just haven't 0:01:24.120 --> 0:01:26.600 gotten around to it. Yeah, but both of those are viruses. 0:01:26.640 --> 0:01:28.800 So there's another one we talked about that seemed to 0:01:28.840 --> 0:01:31.000 come up in this I don't remember what it was, 0:01:31.080 --> 0:01:34.720 but um, the herpies. No, no, we never talked about herpes. 0:01:35.000 --> 0:01:38.800 Um well, you know, not mixed company what what was it? 0:01:39.240 --> 0:01:43.440 I don't remember, but there was definitely microbiome maybe Yeah, No, 0:01:43.959 --> 0:01:45.880 I don't remember what it was. But we've talked about 0:01:46.040 --> 0:01:49.680 viruses and viral infections. But to me, I think viruses 0:01:49.720 --> 0:01:54.040 are one of the most fascinating things on the entire planet. 0:01:54.160 --> 0:01:56.600 They're jerks, like, we don't know where they came from. 0:01:57.160 --> 0:01:59.640 We don't quite know how to classify them because they 0:01:59.760 --> 0:02:03.360 really kind of operate on the line between a living 0:02:03.400 --> 0:02:06.920 in a non living thing. Yeah, this article said like 0:02:06.960 --> 0:02:09.320 most scientists agree, but I found a lot of people 0:02:09.320 --> 0:02:12.720 that said that they're not living things too, So yeah, um, 0:02:12.800 --> 0:02:16.240 but who cares really, They still definitely have an effect. 0:02:16.320 --> 0:02:19.760 You know. The weird thing is about a virus is 0:02:20.960 --> 0:02:23.400 why some people say it's living and some people say 0:02:23.440 --> 0:02:26.680 it's non living. Is that it to to be a 0:02:26.720 --> 0:02:32.320 living thing, you have to have something like arms. Yeah, 0:02:32.440 --> 0:02:35.680 you have to have arms. Rocks rocks don't have arms, 0:02:35.680 --> 0:02:39.480 No point proven um. You have to have You have 0:02:39.520 --> 0:02:42.000 to be able to carry out the processes that keep 0:02:42.520 --> 0:02:46.960 you alive, like self sustaining. Yeah, like you A cell. 0:02:47.320 --> 0:02:52.160 A cell is the smallest living organism. It's the smallest 0:02:52.160 --> 0:02:54.800 possible living organism because you get lower than that and 0:02:55.160 --> 0:02:57.160 you have maybe the things that make up a cell, 0:02:57.200 --> 0:03:00.000 but they can't sustain themselves. A cell can sustain itself 0:03:00.000 --> 0:03:02.760 health and things can be made up of cells like us, 0:03:03.480 --> 0:03:06.960 and therefore we are a living organisms. The cells that 0:03:06.960 --> 0:03:09.680 make us up our living organisms. Plants are living organisms, 0:03:09.840 --> 0:03:14.079 but viruses they don't have any means of carrying out 0:03:14.760 --> 0:03:18.680 the processes that keep them alive, which doesn't matter because 0:03:18.680 --> 0:03:21.200 they're not alive, But more important, they don't have any 0:03:21.200 --> 0:03:24.400 processes that allow them to reproduce. Yeah, they're just like 0:03:24.440 --> 0:03:27.920 by themselves that they're not worth very much. They need 0:03:27.960 --> 0:03:31.519 to glom on. They're always gloming on to everyone else's 0:03:31.600 --> 0:03:34.520 junk exactly, which is basically what a virus does. But 0:03:34.600 --> 0:03:37.520 for something as simple as a viruses, And we'll talk 0:03:37.520 --> 0:03:40.320 about how simple they are in a second. They have 0:03:41.080 --> 0:03:45.840 devastating effects when they do start to really get busy, 0:03:46.560 --> 0:03:49.800 you know. So, Chuck I was saying, like, they don't 0:03:49.800 --> 0:03:52.600 know exactly where viruses came from. They know they're very old. 0:03:53.280 --> 0:03:56.000 But there there are a couple of theories. My favorite one, 0:03:56.320 --> 0:04:00.000 probably the one that's right, is um that they are 0:04:00.880 --> 0:04:06.960 former bits of cells that basically evolved into freelance renegades. 0:04:07.280 --> 0:04:12.200 Really yeah, which explains why certain viruses fit with certain cells. 0:04:12.720 --> 0:04:16.000 Well that makes sense. Huh. So they could have just 0:04:16.080 --> 0:04:20.800 been basically like drifting genetic material that that evolved enough 0:04:20.839 --> 0:04:26.760 to say I'm gonna learn to reproduce by hijacking renegade drifters. Yep, 0:04:26.880 --> 0:04:29.880 So are you saying that viruses or John Rambo? Pretty much? 0:04:30.960 --> 0:04:35.000 So let's talk about like what makes a virus? Uh? Yeah, Well, 0:04:35.040 --> 0:04:36.920 like you said, a cell is is on its own 0:04:36.960 --> 0:04:40.000 It can do its own thing. Viruses cannot. Viruses are 0:04:40.000 --> 0:04:43.880 super tiny, about one millionth of an inch long, which 0:04:43.960 --> 0:04:47.520 is a thousand times smaller than bacteria, which are smaller 0:04:47.560 --> 0:04:51.040 than human cells. Most of them. There are some viruses 0:04:51.080 --> 0:04:53.640 that are actually larger than the average sized bacteria, but 0:04:53.760 --> 0:04:55.760 for the the most part they are smaller, which is still 0:04:55.760 --> 0:04:58.200 super tiny. Sure it is like you need an electron 0:04:58.279 --> 0:05:01.560 microscope to view these bad boys, right. Uh. And they 0:05:01.600 --> 0:05:04.600 can infect just about any living thing. As a matter 0:05:04.600 --> 0:05:08.600 of fact, any living thing could be theoretically infected by 0:05:08.600 --> 0:05:12.159 a virus, like a bacteria can get a viral infection. Man, 0:05:12.200 --> 0:05:13.840 that's crazy, isn't that crazy? I don't even know what 0:05:13.880 --> 0:05:20.039 that seaweed can get viruses? Yeah, donkeys, Yeah, all sorts 0:05:20.080 --> 0:05:23.680 of stuff, the whole the whole gamut from seaweed to donkeys. 0:05:24.920 --> 0:05:27.480 U a virus itself. If you just want to look 0:05:27.520 --> 0:05:31.359 at what that that little tiny particle is is. Uh, 0:05:31.400 --> 0:05:34.080 it's a very on Is that how we're going to 0:05:34.160 --> 0:05:38.240 say that viron viron? Yeah? Why didn't they just leave 0:05:38.279 --> 0:05:41.080 the second eye out environ? Yeah? I don't know how 0:05:41.160 --> 0:05:43.839 much better. Basically, what it is is a set of 0:05:43.880 --> 0:05:49.520 genetic instructions. Can be either DNA or RNA, can't be both. Uh, 0:05:49.560 --> 0:05:53.240 And it's you know, it's just instructions, that's all it is. Well, 0:05:53.279 --> 0:05:56.239 that's that's the nucleic acid that is part of a VIRON. 0:05:56.560 --> 0:05:59.200 Like a VIRON is like a particle. It's like an 0:05:59.240 --> 0:06:02.880 individual viral particle. Yeah, and part of that is the 0:06:02.960 --> 0:06:05.960 nucleic acid. Yeah, and that's surrounded by capsid, which is 0:06:06.000 --> 0:06:10.200 just a protein coating to protect it. And then sometimes 0:06:10.240 --> 0:06:12.960 if it's an envelope virus, it will also have an 0:06:13.080 --> 0:06:16.800 envelope around that capsid. If it's naked, it doesn't need 0:06:16.960 --> 0:06:19.720 or I guess it just doesn't have that other protein code, right, 0:06:19.800 --> 0:06:23.960 And the enveloped ones are enveloped with this um a lipid, 0:06:24.080 --> 0:06:28.760 a fat of some sort um. But for a naked virus, 0:06:28.800 --> 0:06:31.719 it's can it's made up of two things. It's got. 0:06:31.760 --> 0:06:36.560 It's it's nucleic acid and it's protein coding that protects 0:06:36.560 --> 0:06:39.520 the nucleic acid. So it's not just nucleic acid floating around, 0:06:39.600 --> 0:06:44.320 that's right. And um, the nucleic acid is like you said, 0:06:44.360 --> 0:06:47.680 it's basically just a blueprint for how to make more viruses. 0:06:48.600 --> 0:06:54.279 Because if speaking teleologically, a virus is its whole purpose 0:06:54.480 --> 0:06:57.680 is to make more viruses. That's all it cares about. 0:06:58.120 --> 0:07:00.560 And you can say, well, that applies to about any 0:07:00.560 --> 0:07:02.960 living organism if you get down to the bare bones, 0:07:03.560 --> 0:07:06.279 just to put the gate. Yeah, with the virus, it's 0:07:06.320 --> 0:07:08.920 like that's it, man, it's not doing anything else. It 0:07:08.960 --> 0:07:11.200 doesn't care about playing cards. It doesn't want to do 0:07:11.280 --> 0:07:15.400 anything but reproduce and make you sick. Yeah, pretty much. 0:07:16.000 --> 0:07:19.960 Uh there. Their shape varies a lot, but they're basically 0:07:20.000 --> 0:07:24.560 three types helical or hell eqal. It's like a tube. 0:07:25.200 --> 0:07:27.040 You got your polyhedral, so it's sort of like a 0:07:27.080 --> 0:07:30.920 soccer ball, and then you have your complex shapes and 0:07:31.560 --> 0:07:34.679 they are complex there. You know, they can look crazy, 0:07:34.720 --> 0:07:37.280 they can have tails, they can have crazy looking spider 0:07:37.360 --> 0:07:40.320 legs like the what they both which one looks like 0:07:40.360 --> 0:07:44.760 the Apollo lunar Lander. I'm gonna go with complex, I 0:07:44.760 --> 0:07:47.360 would for sure, but yeah, yeah, I don't think it 0:07:47.360 --> 0:07:50.720 could be polyhedral. It's startling how much it looks like that. Yeah, 0:07:50.960 --> 0:07:54.280 it looks like it was made to look like a 0:07:54.280 --> 0:07:57.440 cool little lunar Lander. Or that the lunar Lander was 0:07:57.520 --> 0:08:01.080 modeled after the virus maybe, which doesn't make much because 0:08:01.080 --> 0:08:05.040 they wanted to infect the Moon, which you may have 0:08:05.160 --> 0:08:10.000 astronaut jokes. Uh So, Unlike cells that can do their 0:08:10.000 --> 0:08:13.560 own thing, viruses don't have enzymes like cells do that 0:08:13.720 --> 0:08:18.400 basically allowed to operate uh independently as their own little units. 0:08:18.440 --> 0:08:22.160 Some do. Some viruses contain just enough enzymes to take 0:08:22.200 --> 0:08:26.640 their DNA or their RNA and and do something with 0:08:26.680 --> 0:08:30.400 it to basically primate to be transcribed or something like that. 0:08:30.800 --> 0:08:34.480 Or they have enzymes that go hijack the enzymes in 0:08:34.520 --> 0:08:39.760 the cell. Yeah, so some do. Most don't write. But um, yeah, 0:08:39.840 --> 0:08:42.679 that's that's the whole point of infecting a host cell. 0:08:43.000 --> 0:08:45.520 If all of virus wants to do is reproduce, but 0:08:45.600 --> 0:08:48.520 it can't reproduce, that's where the host cell comes in. 0:08:48.760 --> 0:08:52.760 That's right. They basically move into the factory with and 0:08:52.800 --> 0:08:55.640 say we're going to use your equipment. They're like, they 0:08:55.679 --> 0:08:58.400 don't mind. There's gonna be some big changes around here 0:08:59.040 --> 0:09:03.199 because there's a new share eriff in town. And the virus. 0:09:03.520 --> 0:09:05.760 Although all viruses don't not kill people, we should point 0:09:05.760 --> 0:09:09.760 that out, no, And so it depending on what kind 0:09:09.840 --> 0:09:14.880 of virus it is, whether it's naked or enveloped. Um, 0:09:14.920 --> 0:09:17.920 it will attach itself to the to the host cell 0:09:18.360 --> 0:09:21.080 and either inject it. If it's naked, it has to 0:09:21.080 --> 0:09:24.720 stay outside the host cell and it basically injects its 0:09:25.160 --> 0:09:29.960 genetic material into the host cell. Or if it's enveloped 0:09:30.360 --> 0:09:35.360 that fat lipid coding that that makes it an enveloped 0:09:35.480 --> 0:09:41.160 virus basically connects to the host cell's own fat lipid coding, 0:09:41.800 --> 0:09:45.240 and that protein coated virus can basically slip through, just 0:09:45.640 --> 0:09:49.480 absorb right into the cell and say tada when it 0:09:49.520 --> 0:09:51.920 makes it on the inside. Yeah. Is that what an 0:09:51.920 --> 0:09:56.080 antigen is? I think that's the protein that has to match, 0:09:56.160 --> 0:10:01.120 like the antigen looks for another uh like protein so 0:10:01.160 --> 0:10:03.280 it can get that tight bond. And if they and 0:10:03.320 --> 0:10:06.120 if they're not similar enough, they can't bond and infect 0:10:06.120 --> 0:10:08.079 that cell. Be wrong? And that is that right? I 0:10:08.120 --> 0:10:11.719 don't know if that's the it sounds right, and the 0:10:11.760 --> 0:10:13.520 reason it sounds right because I saw elsewhere in the 0:10:13.600 --> 0:10:18.400 research that, Um, that's why viruses go after specific kinds 0:10:18.400 --> 0:10:22.080 of cells. Okay there there, Um, that's they recognize the 0:10:22.120 --> 0:10:25.360 type of cells that they're capable of infecting, right, and say, 0:10:25.400 --> 0:10:28.080 I can bind to you very tightly, my friend, exactly, 0:10:28.840 --> 0:10:31.720 So let's dance exactly all right. Right after this message, 0:10:31.760 --> 0:10:33.920 we are going to get down to the nitty gritty 0:10:33.920 --> 0:10:37.680 on what happens once they have bound themselves to that cell. 0:10:52.320 --> 0:10:54.600 All right, Josh, they moved into the cell. They like 0:10:54.679 --> 0:10:57.720 the looks of it. It's a nice open concept floor plan, 0:10:58.640 --> 0:11:02.560 which everyone loves these days, right. What happens from there, Well, 0:11:02.600 --> 0:11:04.959 it depends on the virus. So let's say it was 0:11:05.040 --> 0:11:08.400 one that injected it. It's got its genetic material floating around. 0:11:08.440 --> 0:11:12.000 Maybe there's an enzyme that's assisting the genetic material, or 0:11:12.040 --> 0:11:15.679 if the virus itself showed up, Um, it's releasing its 0:11:15.720 --> 0:11:18.680 genetic material all over the place. But basically what happens 0:11:18.679 --> 0:11:21.560 is that sounds pretty crossy. Yeah, well it is pretty gross. 0:11:22.520 --> 0:11:25.640 It happens exactly like it like you think, Um, but 0:11:25.960 --> 0:11:30.880 the the once inside the cell, you'll see a lot 0:11:31.120 --> 0:11:36.560 that the virus hijacks the cells um processes. Yeah, like hey, 0:11:36.559 --> 0:11:38.760 we need to use your deal because we don't have 0:11:38.760 --> 0:11:42.840 our own. Exactly. Um, they're not. The reason people use 0:11:42.880 --> 0:11:45.599 the word hijack is because it really gets the point across, 0:11:45.640 --> 0:11:51.880 but it's also because science isn't on how viruses do it, 0:11:52.120 --> 0:11:55.120 and they they what they think basically is that if 0:11:55.160 --> 0:12:00.320 there's an accompanying enzyme or something, the enzymes, but basically 0:12:00.520 --> 0:12:03.960 wait for a line of other enzymes, the cell zone 0:12:04.080 --> 0:12:06.760 enzymes to go past, and then it grabs the last 0:12:06.760 --> 0:12:09.439 one in the line. That old trick hits it over 0:12:09.480 --> 0:12:15.120 the head hypnotizes it basically, and then sends it back 0:12:15.120 --> 0:12:18.719 out to go recruit other enzymes, and then all of 0:12:18.760 --> 0:12:21.800 a sudden, the cell is it's enzymes, it's workers. If 0:12:21.840 --> 0:12:23.720 you think of the enzymes as like the workers in 0:12:23.760 --> 0:12:27.800 the cell um, they're all working for this virus, and 0:12:27.840 --> 0:12:30.760 the cells like, what the heck is going on? It's 0:12:30.800 --> 0:12:35.960 too late. The enzymes are focused on transcribing the DNA, 0:12:36.400 --> 0:12:40.080 which ultimately just makes more DNA or RNA for the virus, 0:12:40.360 --> 0:12:43.480 and then assembling it with proteins that the enzymes are 0:12:43.520 --> 0:12:45.840 now making, so they're now making more and more and 0:12:45.880 --> 0:12:48.559 more viruses. It's a hostile takeover. It is very much 0:12:48.559 --> 0:12:51.199 a hostile takeover. That's one way to go. There's another 0:12:51.240 --> 0:12:53.800 thing called a retrovirus, which I'm a huge fan of. 0:12:54.520 --> 0:12:57.480 Some of the worst viruses around a retroviruses, which is 0:12:57.520 --> 0:13:02.080 ironic because they actually have the softest impact on the 0:13:02.080 --> 0:13:05.880 host cell. But a retrovirus goes in very quietly, hangs 0:13:05.880 --> 0:13:13.240 around clothing and right, Yeah, because HIV is a retrovirus. Um, 0:13:13.320 --> 0:13:16.679 so is uh. I think a flu flu is a 0:13:16.760 --> 0:13:19.760 retrovirus too, I think um. But it goes in and 0:13:19.800 --> 0:13:24.720 it it just inserts its DNA into the cells DNA alright, 0:13:24.840 --> 0:13:27.439 So it's like, yeah, I go about your business or whatever. 0:13:27.480 --> 0:13:30.480 But now there's this extra sequence that when you go 0:13:30.600 --> 0:13:32.800 over it and you transcribe it and you do what 0:13:32.840 --> 0:13:35.680 this this um d NA or this genetic material is 0:13:35.720 --> 0:13:38.599 telling you to do to make you're gonna Also is 0:13:38.640 --> 0:13:43.760 a byproduct spit out um viruses, so it's just duplicating itself, 0:13:43.800 --> 0:13:47.240 it is. So that's there's a lot of different things 0:13:47.240 --> 0:13:49.600 that can go on. But it's like you said, there's 0:13:49.640 --> 0:13:54.040 a hostile takeover or the cell is tricked into making 0:13:54.080 --> 0:13:57.080 more viruses, but what happens is more and more and 0:13:57.120 --> 0:14:00.679 more and more viruses are being made within the host cell, 0:14:01.120 --> 0:14:04.400 which can be pretty bad for the hostel. Ultimately, well, yeah, 0:14:04.440 --> 0:14:07.679 because eventually the virus is gonna leave, and they can 0:14:07.720 --> 0:14:10.560 either if it's a naked virus, it'll bust out and 0:14:10.640 --> 0:14:13.280 just destroy the host cell and be like, hey, I'm 0:14:13.280 --> 0:14:16.520 tired of your little apartment. I'm just gonna burn it 0:14:16.559 --> 0:14:19.520 down because I'm my own thing now and I can 0:14:19.560 --> 0:14:23.880 live on my own um. Or if it's an envelope 0:14:23.920 --> 0:14:26.560 virus and it'll just kind of pinch away and keep 0:14:26.600 --> 0:14:30.200 that protective cell membrane and just be like, well, fine, 0:14:30.200 --> 0:14:32.560 I'll just take my stuff and and leave and you're 0:14:32.560 --> 0:14:34.560 free to do what you want. Right. Well, that's another 0:14:34.600 --> 0:14:37.440 reason why retroviruses are easy on the host cell is 0:14:37.480 --> 0:14:41.800 because all retroviruses are enveloped viruses. So these new newly 0:14:41.920 --> 0:14:45.560 made viruses just moved to the outside membrane and and 0:14:45.760 --> 0:14:50.920 bud off. And then what happens when they bud off 0:14:51.040 --> 0:14:53.560 or when the cell breaks open because there's so many 0:14:53.560 --> 0:14:57.160 new viruses, it ruptures the cell. Yeah, it's just pretty 0:14:57.200 --> 0:15:01.440 horrific if you think about it. Um, all of a sudden, 0:15:02.480 --> 0:15:07.200 you're contagious. Yeah, and it's duplicating and spreading all throughout 0:15:07.200 --> 0:15:10.520 your body at a pretty rapid rate. Lots of these guys. 0:15:10.560 --> 0:15:13.440 So let's let's look at your well, let's look at 0:15:13.480 --> 0:15:15.800 you for instance. Okay, what have you got right now? 0:15:16.480 --> 0:15:20.120 I got something some sort of viral infection cold, not 0:15:20.160 --> 0:15:26.800 the flu, probably, Yeah, you achy, fevery no, no, feverish. 0:15:26.800 --> 0:15:30.800 I mean, uh so what do you What do I have? Doc? Well, 0:15:30.840 --> 0:15:33.320 I would say you have a cold, but I had 0:15:33.360 --> 0:15:36.160 a cold that that turned into a sinus infection. I 0:15:36.240 --> 0:15:38.080 may have one of those from the color of the 0:15:38.080 --> 0:15:39.960 stuff that's coming out of my nose, I would say 0:15:39.960 --> 0:15:42.600 I probably have a size infection. Yes. Would you describe 0:15:42.600 --> 0:15:46.000 it as khaki? Uh? I would describe it as a 0:15:46.160 --> 0:15:50.840 drab all of oh Man, way worse than Khaki. When 0:15:50.920 --> 0:15:52.920 I was sick a couple of weeks ago, I had 0:15:53.040 --> 0:15:57.920 some serious, bright, bright, almost fluorescent yellow coming out, which 0:15:57.960 --> 0:16:01.560 is all very gratifying to get rid of, either with 0:16:01.600 --> 0:16:03.840 your Nettie Potter just blowing your nose or whatever. I've 0:16:03.840 --> 0:16:06.320 been Nettie Potting like a madman. Yeah. You know you 0:16:06.320 --> 0:16:10.320 can overdo that when you're sick. Apparently, Yeah, I can imagine, 0:16:10.360 --> 0:16:14.600 because this just the salt. Get too much salt up there, 0:16:14.880 --> 0:16:17.600 and I think just fluid like unless you really really 0:16:17.600 --> 0:16:20.840 get it all out. Uh, it's better like you need 0:16:20.920 --> 0:16:24.120 to dry out completely in between. Yeah, yeah, yeah, I 0:16:24.240 --> 0:16:27.800 definitely all right, We'll just take two of these and 0:16:27.840 --> 0:16:29.880 come back and see me next week. Well you're diagnosing 0:16:30.120 --> 0:16:33.000 what was going on, Well, you've got a cold, I think, um, 0:16:33.040 --> 0:16:36.880 but let's say you're in the office. I think we 0:16:36.880 --> 0:16:39.480 should make this as real as possible. I was. Let's 0:16:39.520 --> 0:16:41.640 say that I'm hanging out with my sweet little four 0:16:41.680 --> 0:16:44.560 year old niece, who herself has a cold. Uh. She 0:16:44.640 --> 0:16:47.600 the she, the the person. I don't want to name names, 0:16:49.160 --> 0:16:53.200 but I think she's she's on your list now. So 0:16:53.320 --> 0:16:56.000 all right, So your little niece probably sneezed or something 0:16:56.640 --> 0:16:58.440 or just put her dirty little hands all over your 0:16:58.480 --> 0:17:01.760 face because she loves Uncle Josh. She she has her 0:17:01.840 --> 0:17:04.320 dad would not allow her to have dirty hands. Okay, 0:17:04.720 --> 0:17:08.960 I think she an Okay, yeah, uh. And what you 0:17:09.040 --> 0:17:12.600 probably did was inhaled a virus particle, and that probably 0:17:12.640 --> 0:17:16.639 attached to your the linings of your nasal passages, your sinuses, 0:17:16.720 --> 0:17:19.600 because apparently there's basically only three ways that a virus 0:17:19.640 --> 0:17:23.760 gets into your body. You inhale it uh, attaches to 0:17:23.880 --> 0:17:27.040 your mucous membranes like your nose or your gums or something, 0:17:28.240 --> 0:17:30.680 or enters through a break in the skin. That's right. 0:17:31.400 --> 0:17:33.960 So your host cell is going to break open, your 0:17:34.080 --> 0:17:36.440 virus is gonna move in there with and say I'm 0:17:36.440 --> 0:17:39.359 gonna use your equipment like we talked about. Then maybe 0:17:39.480 --> 0:17:43.159 travel to your bloodstream, travel to your lungs uh, and 0:17:43.160 --> 0:17:45.560 you're gonna end up getting Let's say, maybe one of 0:17:45.600 --> 0:17:48.800 the first signs is a running nose because you're losing 0:17:48.800 --> 0:17:51.680 cells and your sinuses, and now that fluid is gonna 0:17:52.040 --> 0:17:55.120 be loosened up as a result. Yeah, the nasal, the 0:17:55.200 --> 0:17:59.359 literal cellular lining of my sinuses is being is rupturing 0:18:00.040 --> 0:18:02.120 to attack. Because here's the thing. When you go through 0:18:02.160 --> 0:18:04.399 and look at like what a virus does, you're looking 0:18:04.440 --> 0:18:09.959 at what one individual virian is doing. You don't necessarily 0:18:10.000 --> 0:18:12.920 just pick up one individual viron. You can be exposed 0:18:12.960 --> 0:18:17.679 to many, many, many virians and they are each reproducing, 0:18:17.720 --> 0:18:21.600 producing thousands more just in one cell. So all this 0:18:21.720 --> 0:18:24.439 is going on, it can have a pronounced effect. Like 0:18:24.480 --> 0:18:28.240 if you just lost one cell your in your nasal lining, 0:18:28.480 --> 0:18:31.440 it's not gonna do much. You're probably never ever going 0:18:31.480 --> 0:18:33.760 to notice. But if you lose a ton of the 0:18:33.800 --> 0:18:36.359 cells at the same time, you're gonna have a runny nose, 0:18:37.080 --> 0:18:38.679 or if it happens in your throat, you're gonna have 0:18:38.720 --> 0:18:41.919 a sore throat. That's right, that's just fluid. You know, 0:18:42.320 --> 0:18:45.119 it's attacking those cells in your throat and the lining, 0:18:45.720 --> 0:18:49.600 and it's dripping and just causing like a usually some 0:18:49.600 --> 0:18:52.840 sort of inflammation. Yeah, and those because that those ruptured 0:18:52.880 --> 0:18:56.639 cells are being carried down by your nose juice to 0:18:56.720 --> 0:18:59.639 the back of your throat, which is turn That's what 0:18:59.680 --> 0:19:04.480 I was raised on. It's in turn um nose juice okay, 0:19:04.520 --> 0:19:08.840 which in turn U and they attach an attack to 0:19:09.119 --> 0:19:12.280 the cells lining your throat and then this whole thing 0:19:12.359 --> 0:19:14.360 is just going on and on and on again. Yeah, 0:19:14.359 --> 0:19:17.679 if you've ever had aches and pains because of maybe 0:19:17.680 --> 0:19:21.680 a flu, that's because your muscle cells are being attacked. 0:19:22.000 --> 0:19:24.320 And it sucks because you don't know that this is 0:19:24.359 --> 0:19:27.280 going on at first, like it's just this war being 0:19:27.280 --> 0:19:30.480 waged inside your body and you're like, you know, hey, 0:19:30.600 --> 0:19:32.840 I'm just going to the grocery store and I'm feeling 0:19:32.840 --> 0:19:34.840 pretty good exactly, and by the time you start to 0:19:34.840 --> 0:19:37.200 feel it's too late, it is too late. I'm glad 0:19:37.240 --> 0:19:39.119 you brought that up because I did a don't be 0:19:39.240 --> 0:19:43.439 dumb on when you're actually contagious. Yeah, what's the final 0:19:43.520 --> 0:19:46.400 on that? So it depends on it does it vary? 0:19:47.480 --> 0:19:50.560 The how long you're contagious varies, But when you start 0:19:50.960 --> 0:19:54.760 is a about a day before you start showing symptoms. 0:19:55.880 --> 0:19:58.920 So like remember how I said, if you have one 0:19:59.000 --> 0:20:02.000 cell burst and and you're not gonna notice it, it's 0:20:02.000 --> 0:20:04.439 gonna take many many cells to burst before you finally 0:20:04.440 --> 0:20:07.119 have a sore throat. Well, while those things are bursting. 0:20:07.160 --> 0:20:10.720 After that first one bursts, you're contagious, buddy. So for 0:20:10.760 --> 0:20:14.639 a day before you even know you're sick, you're walking 0:20:14.680 --> 0:20:18.360 around infecting other people. With a cold, you go from 0:20:18.480 --> 0:20:21.919 the day before symptoms to about four days after. And 0:20:21.960 --> 0:20:25.159 with the flu, you go from the day before symptoms 0:20:25.160 --> 0:20:28.600 to five to seven days after, so you can still 0:20:28.640 --> 0:20:30.720 be It is true when people are like, I'm not 0:20:30.760 --> 0:20:35.160 contagious anymore, they're usually probably totally wrong. But say they're 0:20:35.200 --> 0:20:38.119 flu last eight days. If they say that on day eight, 0:20:38.680 --> 0:20:41.840 they're they're actually right. Most people say it by like 0:20:41.920 --> 0:20:44.879 day three or four or whatever. That's it's not right. Well, 0:20:44.920 --> 0:20:48.280 they need to watch Don't Be Dumb. Josh's award winning 0:20:48.320 --> 0:20:52.720 web series so many awards, man, I think the next 0:20:52.720 --> 0:20:55.040 award is gonna win. Is the most divisive web series 0:20:55.640 --> 0:20:57.880 because half the people, more than half the think, are like, man, 0:20:57.920 --> 0:21:00.960 this is the best thing ever. People I don't good it. 0:21:00.960 --> 0:21:04.400 Why is Josh acting so weird? And I'll just respond with, yeah, 0:21:04.440 --> 0:21:07.520 you don't get it, And I mean it's definitely not 0:21:07.560 --> 0:21:10.160 for everybody. I've learned, Well, it's very funny. I think 0:21:30.520 --> 0:21:32.439 it turns out. You asked me if I if I 0:21:32.440 --> 0:21:35.840 feel feverish, and I don't, Apparently my body is slacking 0:21:35.920 --> 0:21:38.960 on the immune response. Well, I think you don't always 0:21:39.000 --> 0:21:42.040 get the fever. But fever is a good thing because 0:21:42.760 --> 0:21:45.960 your body is wired to operate optimally at ninety eight 0:21:45.960 --> 0:21:48.800 point six, even though I heard that was nine eight 0:21:48.840 --> 0:21:50.879 point seven. Now is that right? Yeah? I heard that 0:21:50.880 --> 0:21:53.560 they kind of abandoned that as like an average body 0:21:53.560 --> 0:21:57.560 temperature because it varies enough between human beings that they're 0:21:57.640 --> 0:22:01.200 they're like, now it's this between this rather than point six, 0:22:01.280 --> 0:22:03.639 and if you don't have that, you're sick. So somewhere 0:22:03.640 --> 0:22:08.000 in that range, let's say, uh, chemical reactions and basically 0:22:08.040 --> 0:22:11.160 anything going on your body just that's the temperature it likes. 0:22:11.600 --> 0:22:13.840 So when you get a fever, it's actually slowing all 0:22:13.840 --> 0:22:18.640 those processes down, including the virus is spread. Yeah, because 0:22:18.680 --> 0:22:20.720 it's like, oh man, it's hot, I can't can't work 0:22:20.760 --> 0:22:25.560 as much, that's right, Uh, which is kind of a weird, indirect, 0:22:25.720 --> 0:22:30.440 roundabout way of slowing a fever down or slowing an 0:22:30.440 --> 0:22:32.919 infection down. Yeah. I mean, I guess if it works, 0:22:33.119 --> 0:22:34.920 So it's good to have a fever it is good 0:22:34.920 --> 0:22:37.520 to have a fever. And it's it actually makes sense 0:22:37.640 --> 0:22:42.160 in a strange way because some infections, some viruses attack 0:22:42.600 --> 0:22:46.520 the very cells that are meant to mount the immune response. 0:22:46.560 --> 0:22:49.840 Like remember a bola, it goes right after like every 0:22:49.880 --> 0:22:53.760 immune response cell that can find. HIV goes after T cells, 0:22:53.760 --> 0:22:59.000 which attack and destroy foreign bodies, so to to slow 0:22:59.080 --> 0:23:01.920 them down and just the spread so that the immune 0:23:01.960 --> 0:23:05.600 response can continue and mount a full attack is kind 0:23:05.600 --> 0:23:09.120 of clever. Yeah, And and since you mentioned HIV, it's 0:23:09.160 --> 0:23:13.480 it's another scary one because it's one of those viruses 0:23:13.520 --> 0:23:17.120 that can just lay in wait and they even call 0:23:17.200 --> 0:23:19.919 it sleeping it some sometimes, you know, like it's not 0:23:19.960 --> 0:23:24.159 obvious you could have HIV and be spreading HIV without 0:23:24.160 --> 0:23:26.919 ever feeling any kind of sick or any kind of symptoms, 0:23:27.600 --> 0:23:33.280 and um, basically eventually that virus is gonna do its thing. 0:23:33.840 --> 0:23:36.240 You know, it could lay in wait for years even 0:23:36.800 --> 0:23:40.120 without without acting right and then it depends on the virus. 0:23:40.200 --> 0:23:43.920 But they figure that there's some sort of environmental trigger. 0:23:44.800 --> 0:23:47.800 One I saw was like exposure to UV light or 0:23:47.840 --> 0:23:52.000 something like that. It's the same thing. Herpies is a 0:23:52.080 --> 0:23:56.000 virus like that, it sleeps which is why people who 0:23:56.040 --> 0:24:01.000 have like say herpie simplex don't always have um cold source. 0:24:01.160 --> 0:24:03.320 It'll just flare up, right, it will flare up. And 0:24:03.359 --> 0:24:05.520