1 00:00:01,160 --> 00:00:04,400 Speaker 1: Hello, friends out there, It's Chuck Bryant here on a 2 00:00:04,440 --> 00:00:08,760 Speaker 1: Saturday to intro my select pick for this week from 3 00:00:08,760 --> 00:00:13,560 Speaker 1: October four two fourteen. Virus Talk with Josh and Chuck. 4 00:00:14,040 --> 00:00:17,079 Speaker 1: Not a spin off show, but as podcast episode we 5 00:00:17,200 --> 00:00:20,720 Speaker 1: recorded about virus is very very interesting stuff. Give it 6 00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:26,440 Speaker 1: a listen right now. Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, 7 00:00:26,640 --> 00:00:35,000 Speaker 1: a production of My Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hey, 8 00:00:35,080 --> 00:00:37,960 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, There's Charles 9 00:00:38,159 --> 00:00:42,400 Speaker 1: w Chuck Bryant, There's Jerry Uh. And this is Stuff 10 00:00:42,440 --> 00:00:46,400 Speaker 1: you Should Know, featuring my enormous dot up nose and 11 00:00:46,400 --> 00:00:49,600 Speaker 1: how appropriate. Yeah, well that was one of the reasons 12 00:00:49,600 --> 00:00:51,519 Speaker 1: why I wanted to do this one. I figured I'm 13 00:00:51,560 --> 00:00:55,960 Speaker 1: a little sick right now. Yeah still, and uh, I 14 00:00:56,000 --> 00:00:58,040 Speaker 1: wanted to know more about the monster inside of me. 15 00:00:58,440 --> 00:01:01,760 Speaker 1: That's right, Like I'm not feeling great and knowledge is power, 16 00:01:01,840 --> 00:01:04,679 Speaker 1: like we always say, exactly, Like, just from researching this, 17 00:01:04,760 --> 00:01:07,640 Speaker 1: I was like starting to break a sweat and tremble 18 00:01:07,760 --> 00:01:09,959 Speaker 1: and I was like, I'm getting better, and then I 19 00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:12,479 Speaker 1: passed out and hit my head. Yeah, and I didn't 20 00:01:12,480 --> 00:01:15,520 Speaker 1: have enough time to finish studying so good, I'm gonna 21 00:01:15,560 --> 00:01:18,199 Speaker 1: have to make a lot of this up. Chuck cool. Yeah, 22 00:01:18,200 --> 00:01:22,040 Speaker 1: we've covered we covered ebola recently, and we are definitely 23 00:01:22,040 --> 00:01:24,119 Speaker 1: going to cover HIV at some point. We just haven't 24 00:01:24,120 --> 00:01:26,600 Speaker 1: gotten around to it. Yeah, but both of those are viruses. 25 00:01:26,640 --> 00:01:28,800 Speaker 1: So there's another one we talked about that seemed to 26 00:01:28,840 --> 00:01:31,000 Speaker 1: come up in this I don't remember what it was, 27 00:01:31,080 --> 00:01:34,720 Speaker 1: but um, the herpies. No, no, we never talked about herpes. 28 00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:38,800 Speaker 1: Um well, you know, not mixed company what what was it? 29 00:01:39,240 --> 00:01:43,440 Speaker 1: I don't remember, but there was definitely microbiome maybe Yeah, No, 30 00:01:43,959 --> 00:01:45,880 Speaker 1: I don't remember what it was. But we've talked about 31 00:01:46,040 --> 00:01:49,680 Speaker 1: viruses and viral infections. But to me, I think viruses 32 00:01:49,720 --> 00:01:54,040 Speaker 1: are one of the most fascinating things on the entire planet. 33 00:01:54,160 --> 00:01:56,600 Speaker 1: They're jerks, like, we don't know where they came from. 34 00:01:57,160 --> 00:01:59,640 Speaker 1: We don't quite know how to classify them because they 35 00:01:59,760 --> 00:02:03,360 Speaker 1: really kind of operate on the line between a living 36 00:02:03,400 --> 00:02:06,920 Speaker 1: in a non living thing. Yeah, this article said like 37 00:02:06,960 --> 00:02:09,320 Speaker 1: most scientists agree, but I found a lot of people 38 00:02:09,320 --> 00:02:12,720 Speaker 1: that said that they're not living things too, So yeah, um, 39 00:02:12,800 --> 00:02:16,240 Speaker 1: but who cares really, They still definitely have an effect. 40 00:02:16,320 --> 00:02:19,760 Speaker 1: You know. The weird thing is about a virus is 41 00:02:20,960 --> 00:02:23,400 Speaker 1: why some people say it's living and some people say 42 00:02:23,440 --> 00:02:26,680 Speaker 1: it's non living. Is that it to to be a 43 00:02:26,720 --> 00:02:32,320 Speaker 1: living thing, you have to have something like arms. Yeah, 44 00:02:32,440 --> 00:02:35,680 Speaker 1: you have to have arms. Rocks rocks don't have arms, 45 00:02:35,680 --> 00:02:39,480 Speaker 1: No point proven um. You have to have You have 46 00:02:39,520 --> 00:02:42,000 Speaker 1: to be able to carry out the processes that keep 47 00:02:42,520 --> 00:02:46,960 Speaker 1: you alive, like self sustaining. Yeah, like you A cell. 48 00:02:47,320 --> 00:02:52,160 Speaker 1: A cell is the smallest living organism. It's the smallest 49 00:02:52,160 --> 00:02:54,800 Speaker 1: possible living organism because you get lower than that and 50 00:02:55,160 --> 00:02:57,160 Speaker 1: you have maybe the things that make up a cell, 51 00:02:57,200 --> 00:03:00,000 Speaker 1: but they can't sustain themselves. A cell can sustain itself 52 00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:02,760 Speaker 1: health and things can be made up of cells like us, 53 00:03:03,480 --> 00:03:06,960 Speaker 1: and therefore we are a living organisms. The cells that 54 00:03:06,960 --> 00:03:09,680 Speaker 1: make us up our living organisms. Plants are living organisms, 55 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:14,079 Speaker 1: but viruses they don't have any means of carrying out 56 00:03:14,760 --> 00:03:18,680 Speaker 1: the processes that keep them alive, which doesn't matter because 57 00:03:18,680 --> 00:03:21,200 Speaker 1: they're not alive, But more important, they don't have any 58 00:03:21,200 --> 00:03:24,400 Speaker 1: processes that allow them to reproduce. Yeah, they're just like 59 00:03:24,440 --> 00:03:27,920 Speaker 1: by themselves that they're not worth very much. They need 60 00:03:27,960 --> 00:03:31,519 Speaker 1: to glom on. They're always gloming on to everyone else's 61 00:03:31,600 --> 00:03:34,520 Speaker 1: junk exactly, which is basically what a virus does. But 62 00:03:34,600 --> 00:03:37,520 Speaker 1: for something as simple as a viruses, And we'll talk 63 00:03:37,520 --> 00:03:40,320 Speaker 1: about how simple they are in a second. They have 64 00:03:41,080 --> 00:03:45,840 Speaker 1: devastating effects when they do start to really get busy, 65 00:03:46,560 --> 00:03:49,800 Speaker 1: you know. So, Chuck I was saying, like, they don't 66 00:03:49,800 --> 00:03:52,600 Speaker 1: know exactly where viruses came from. They know they're very old. 67 00:03:53,280 --> 00:03:56,000 Speaker 1: But there there are a couple of theories. My favorite one, 68 00:03:56,320 --> 00:04:00,000 Speaker 1: probably the one that's right, is um that they are 69 00:04:00,880 --> 00:04:06,960 Speaker 1: former bits of cells that basically evolved into freelance renegades. 70 00:04:07,280 --> 00:04:12,200 Speaker 1: Really yeah, which explains why certain viruses fit with certain cells. 71 00:04:12,720 --> 00:04:16,000 Speaker 1: Well that makes sense. Huh. So they could have just 72 00:04:16,080 --> 00:04:20,800 Speaker 1: been basically like drifting genetic material that that evolved enough 73 00:04:20,839 --> 00:04:26,760 Speaker 1: to say I'm gonna learn to reproduce by hijacking renegade drifters. Yep, 74 00:04:26,880 --> 00:04:29,880 Speaker 1: So are you saying that viruses or John Rambo? Pretty much? 75 00:04:30,960 --> 00:04:35,000 Speaker 1: So let's talk about like what makes a virus? Uh? Yeah, Well, 76 00:04:35,040 --> 00:04:36,920 Speaker 1: like you said, a cell is is on its own 77 00:04:36,960 --> 00:04:40,000 Speaker 1: It can do its own thing. Viruses cannot. Viruses are 78 00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:43,880 Speaker 1: super tiny, about one millionth of an inch long, which 79 00:04:43,960 --> 00:04:47,520 Speaker 1: is a thousand times smaller than bacteria, which are smaller 80 00:04:47,560 --> 00:04:51,040 Speaker 1: than human cells. Most of them. There are some viruses 81 00:04:51,080 --> 00:04:53,640 Speaker 1: that are actually larger than the average sized bacteria, but 82 00:04:53,760 --> 00:04:55,760 Speaker 1: for the the most part they are smaller, which is still 83 00:04:55,760 --> 00:04:58,200 Speaker 1: super tiny. Sure it is like you need an electron 84 00:04:58,279 --> 00:05:01,560 Speaker 1: microscope to view these bad boys, right. Uh. And they 85 00:05:01,600 --> 00:05:04,600 Speaker 1: can infect just about any living thing. As a matter 86 00:05:04,600 --> 00:05:08,600 Speaker 1: of fact, any living thing could be theoretically infected by 87 00:05:08,600 --> 00:05:12,159 Speaker 1: a virus, like a bacteria can get a viral infection. Man, 88 00:05:12,200 --> 00:05:13,840 Speaker 1: that's crazy, isn't that crazy? I don't even know what 89 00:05:13,880 --> 00:05:20,039 Speaker 1: that seaweed can get viruses? Yeah, donkeys, Yeah, all sorts 90 00:05:20,080 --> 00:05:23,680 Speaker 1: of stuff, the whole the whole gamut from seaweed to donkeys. 91 00:05:24,920 --> 00:05:27,480 Speaker 1: U a virus itself. If you just want to look 92 00:05:27,520 --> 00:05:31,359 Speaker 1: at what that that little tiny particle is is. Uh, 93 00:05:31,400 --> 00:05:34,080 Speaker 1: it's a very on Is that how we're going to 94 00:05:34,160 --> 00:05:38,240 Speaker 1: say that viron viron? Yeah? Why didn't they just leave 95 00:05:38,279 --> 00:05:41,080 Speaker 1: the second eye out environ? Yeah? I don't know how 96 00:05:41,160 --> 00:05:43,839 Speaker 1: much better. Basically, what it is is a set of 97 00:05:43,880 --> 00:05:49,520 Speaker 1: genetic instructions. Can be either DNA or RNA, can't be both. Uh, 98 00:05:49,560 --> 00:05:53,240 Speaker 1: And it's you know, it's just instructions, that's all it is. Well, 99 00:05:53,279 --> 00:05:56,239 Speaker 1: that's that's the nucleic acid that is part of a VIRON. 100 00:05:56,560 --> 00:05:59,200 Speaker 1: Like a VIRON is like a particle. It's like an 101 00:05:59,240 --> 00:06:02,880 Speaker 1: individual viral particle. Yeah, and part of that is the 102 00:06:02,960 --> 00:06:05,960 Speaker 1: nucleic acid. Yeah, and that's surrounded by capsid, which is 103 00:06:06,000 --> 00:06:10,200 Speaker 1: just a protein coating to protect it. And then sometimes 104 00:06:10,240 --> 00:06:12,960 Speaker 1: if it's an envelope virus, it will also have an 105 00:06:13,080 --> 00:06:16,800 Speaker 1: envelope around that capsid. If it's naked, it doesn't need 106 00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:19,720 Speaker 1: or I guess it just doesn't have that other protein code, right, 107 00:06:19,800 --> 00:06:23,960 Speaker 1: And the enveloped ones are enveloped with this um a lipid, 108 00:06:24,080 --> 00:06:28,760 Speaker 1: a fat of some sort um. But for a naked virus, 109 00:06:28,800 --> 00:06:31,719 Speaker 1: it's can it's made up of two things. It's got. 110 00:06:31,760 --> 00:06:36,560 Speaker 1: It's it's nucleic acid and it's protein coding that protects 111 00:06:36,560 --> 00:06:39,520 Speaker 1: the nucleic acid. So it's not just nucleic acid floating around, 112 00:06:39,600 --> 00:06:44,320 Speaker 1: that's right. And um, the nucleic acid is like you said, 113 00:06:44,360 --> 00:06:47,680 Speaker 1: it's basically just a blueprint for how to make more viruses. 114 00:06:48,600 --> 00:06:54,279 Speaker 1: Because if speaking teleologically, a virus is its whole purpose 115 00:06:54,480 --> 00:06:57,680 Speaker 1: is to make more viruses. That's all it cares about. 116 00:06:58,120 --> 00:07:00,560 Speaker 1: And you can say, well, that applies to about any 117 00:07:00,560 --> 00:07:02,960 Speaker 1: living organism if you get down to the bare bones, 118 00:07:03,560 --> 00:07:06,279 Speaker 1: just to put the gate. Yeah, with the virus, it's 119 00:07:06,320 --> 00:07:08,920 Speaker 1: like that's it, man, it's not doing anything else. It 120 00:07:08,960 --> 00:07:11,200 Speaker 1: doesn't care about playing cards. It doesn't want to do 121 00:07:11,280 --> 00:07:15,400 Speaker 1: anything but reproduce and make you sick. Yeah, pretty much. 122 00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:19,960 Speaker 1: Uh there. Their shape varies a lot, but they're basically 123 00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:24,560 Speaker 1: three types helical or hell eqal. It's like a tube. 124 00:07:25,200 --> 00:07:27,040 Speaker 1: You got your polyhedral, so it's sort of like a 125 00:07:27,080 --> 00:07:30,920 Speaker 1: soccer ball, and then you have your complex shapes and 126 00:07:31,560 --> 00:07:34,679 Speaker 1: they are complex there. You know, they can look crazy, 127 00:07:34,720 --> 00:07:37,280 Speaker 1: they can have tails, they can have crazy looking spider 128 00:07:37,360 --> 00:07:40,320 Speaker 1: legs like the what they both which one looks like 129 00:07:40,360 --> 00:07:44,760 Speaker 1: the Apollo lunar Lander. I'm gonna go with complex, I 130 00:07:44,760 --> 00:07:47,360 Speaker 1: would for sure, but yeah, yeah, I don't think it 131 00:07:47,360 --> 00:07:50,720 Speaker 1: could be polyhedral. It's startling how much it looks like that. Yeah, 132 00:07:50,960 --> 00:07:54,280 Speaker 1: it looks like it was made to look like a 133 00:07:54,280 --> 00:07:57,440 Speaker 1: cool little lunar Lander. Or that the lunar Lander was 134 00:07:57,520 --> 00:08:01,080 Speaker 1: modeled after the virus maybe, which doesn't make much because 135 00:08:01,080 --> 00:08:05,040 Speaker 1: they wanted to infect the Moon, which you may have 136 00:08:05,160 --> 00:08:10,000 Speaker 1: astronaut jokes. Uh So, Unlike cells that can do their 137 00:08:10,000 --> 00:08:13,560 Speaker 1: own thing, viruses don't have enzymes like cells do that 138 00:08:13,720 --> 00:08:18,400 Speaker 1: basically allowed to operate uh independently as their own little units. 139 00:08:18,440 --> 00:08:22,160 Speaker 1: Some do. Some viruses contain just enough enzymes to take 140 00:08:22,200 --> 00:08:26,640 Speaker 1: their DNA or their RNA and and do something with 141 00:08:26,680 --> 00:08:30,400 Speaker 1: it to basically primate to be transcribed or something like that. 142 00:08:30,800 --> 00:08:34,480 Speaker 1: Or they have enzymes that go hijack the enzymes in 143 00:08:34,520 --> 00:08:39,760 Speaker 1: the cell. Yeah, so some do. Most don't write. But um, yeah, 144 00:08:39,840 --> 00:08:42,679 Speaker 1: that's that's the whole point of infecting a host cell. 145 00:08:43,000 --> 00:08:45,520 Speaker 1: If all of virus wants to do is reproduce, but 146 00:08:45,600 --> 00:08:48,520 Speaker 1: it can't reproduce, that's where the host cell comes in. 147 00:08:48,760 --> 00:08:52,760 Speaker 1: That's right. They basically move into the factory with and 148 00:08:52,800 --> 00:08:55,640 Speaker 1: say we're going to use your equipment. They're like, they 149 00:08:55,679 --> 00:08:58,400 Speaker 1: don't mind. There's gonna be some big changes around here 150 00:08:59,040 --> 00:09:03,199 Speaker 1: because there's a new share eriff in town. And the virus. 151 00:09:03,520 --> 00:09:05,760 Speaker 1: Although all viruses don't not kill people, we should point 152 00:09:05,760 --> 00:09:09,760 Speaker 1: that out, no, And so it depending on what kind 153 00:09:09,840 --> 00:09:14,880 Speaker 1: of virus it is, whether it's naked or enveloped. Um, 154 00:09:14,920 --> 00:09:17,920 Speaker 1: it will attach itself to the to the host cell 155 00:09:18,360 --> 00:09:21,080 Speaker 1: and either inject it. If it's naked, it has to 156 00:09:21,080 --> 00:09:24,720 Speaker 1: stay outside the host cell and it basically injects its 157 00:09:25,160 --> 00:09:29,960 Speaker 1: genetic material into the host cell. Or if it's enveloped 158 00:09:30,360 --> 00:09:35,360 Speaker 1: that fat lipid coding that that makes it an enveloped 159 00:09:35,480 --> 00:09:41,160 Speaker 1: virus basically connects to the host cell's own fat lipid coding, 160 00:09:41,800 --> 00:09:45,240 Speaker 1: and that protein coated virus can basically slip through, just 161 00:09:45,640 --> 00:09:49,480 Speaker 1: absorb right into the cell and say tada when it 162 00:09:49,520 --> 00:09:51,920 Speaker 1: makes it on the inside. Yeah. Is that what an 163 00:09:51,920 --> 00:09:56,080 Speaker 1: antigen is? I think that's the protein that has to match, 164 00:09:56,160 --> 00:10:01,120 Speaker 1: like the antigen looks for another uh like protein so 165 00:10:01,160 --> 00:10:03,280 Speaker 1: it can get that tight bond. And if they and 166 00:10:03,320 --> 00:10:06,120 Speaker 1: if they're not similar enough, they can't bond and infect 167 00:10:06,120 --> 00:10:08,079 Speaker 1: that cell. Be wrong? And that is that right? I 168 00:10:08,120 --> 00:10:11,719 Speaker 1: don't know if that's the it sounds right, and the 169 00:10:11,760 --> 00:10:13,520 Speaker 1: reason it sounds right because I saw elsewhere in the 170 00:10:13,600 --> 00:10:18,400 Speaker 1: research that, Um, that's why viruses go after specific kinds 171 00:10:18,400 --> 00:10:22,080 Speaker 1: of cells. Okay there there, Um, that's they recognize the 172 00:10:22,120 --> 00:10:25,360 Speaker 1: type of cells that they're capable of infecting, right, and say, 173 00:10:25,400 --> 00:10:28,080 Speaker 1: I can bind to you very tightly, my friend, exactly, 174 00:10:28,840 --> 00:10:31,720 Speaker 1: So let's dance exactly all right. Right after this message, 175 00:10:31,760 --> 00:10:33,920 Speaker 1: we are going to get down to the nitty gritty 176 00:10:33,920 --> 00:10:37,680 Speaker 1: on what happens once they have bound themselves to that cell. 177 00:10:52,320 --> 00:10:54,600 Speaker 1: All right, Josh, they moved into the cell. They like 178 00:10:54,679 --> 00:10:57,720 Speaker 1: the looks of it. It's a nice open concept floor plan, 179 00:10:58,640 --> 00:11:02,560 Speaker 1: which everyone loves these days, right. What happens from there, Well, 180 00:11:02,600 --> 00:11:04,959 Speaker 1: it depends on the virus. So let's say it was 181 00:11:05,040 --> 00:11:08,400 Speaker 1: one that injected it. It's got its genetic material floating around. 182 00:11:08,440 --> 00:11:12,000 Speaker 1: Maybe there's an enzyme that's assisting the genetic material, or 183 00:11:12,040 --> 00:11:15,679 Speaker 1: if the virus itself showed up, Um, it's releasing its 184 00:11:15,720 --> 00:11:18,680 Speaker 1: genetic material all over the place. But basically what happens 185 00:11:18,679 --> 00:11:21,560 Speaker 1: is that sounds pretty crossy. Yeah, well it is pretty gross. 186 00:11:22,520 --> 00:11:25,640 Speaker 1: It happens exactly like it like you think, Um, but 187 00:11:25,960 --> 00:11:30,880 Speaker 1: the the once inside the cell, you'll see a lot 188 00:11:31,120 --> 00:11:36,560 Speaker 1: that the virus hijacks the cells um processes. Yeah, like hey, 189 00:11:36,559 --> 00:11:38,760 Speaker 1: we need to use your deal because we don't have 190 00:11:38,760 --> 00:11:42,840 Speaker 1: our own. Exactly. Um, they're not. The reason people use 191 00:11:42,880 --> 00:11:45,599 Speaker 1: the word hijack is because it really gets the point across, 192 00:11:45,640 --> 00:11:51,880 Speaker 1: but it's also because science isn't on how viruses do it, 193 00:11:52,120 --> 00:11:55,120 Speaker 1: and they they what they think basically is that if 194 00:11:55,160 --> 00:12:00,320 Speaker 1: there's an accompanying enzyme or something, the enzymes, but basically 195 00:12:00,520 --> 00:12:03,960 Speaker 1: wait for a line of other enzymes, the cell zone 196 00:12:04,080 --> 00:12:06,760 Speaker 1: enzymes to go past, and then it grabs the last 197 00:12:06,760 --> 00:12:09,439 Speaker 1: one in the line. That old trick hits it over 198 00:12:09,480 --> 00:12:15,120 Speaker 1: the head hypnotizes it basically, and then sends it back 199 00:12:15,120 --> 00:12:18,719 Speaker 1: out to go recruit other enzymes, and then all of 200 00:12:18,760 --> 00:12:21,800 Speaker 1: a sudden, the cell is it's enzymes, it's workers. If 201 00:12:21,840 --> 00:12:23,720 Speaker 1: you think of the enzymes as like the workers in 202 00:12:23,760 --> 00:12:27,800 Speaker 1: the cell um, they're all working for this virus, and 203 00:12:27,840 --> 00:12:30,760 Speaker 1: the cells like, what the heck is going on? It's 204 00:12:30,800 --> 00:12:35,960 Speaker 1: too late. The enzymes are focused on transcribing the DNA, 205 00:12:36,400 --> 00:12:40,080 Speaker 1: which ultimately just makes more DNA or RNA for the virus, 206 00:12:40,360 --> 00:12:43,480 Speaker 1: and then assembling it with proteins that the enzymes are 207 00:12:43,520 --> 00:12:45,840 Speaker 1: now making, so they're now making more and more and 208 00:12:45,880 --> 00:12:48,559 Speaker 1: more viruses. It's a hostile takeover. It is very much 209 00:12:48,559 --> 00:12:51,199 Speaker 1: a hostile takeover. That's one way to go. There's another 210 00:12:51,240 --> 00:12:53,800 Speaker 1: thing called a retrovirus, which I'm a huge fan of. 211 00:12:54,520 --> 00:12:57,480 Speaker 1: Some of the worst viruses around a retroviruses, which is 212 00:12:57,520 --> 00:13:02,080 Speaker 1: ironic because they actually have the softest impact on the 213 00:13:02,080 --> 00:13:05,880 Speaker 1: host cell. But a retrovirus goes in very quietly, hangs 214 00:13:05,880 --> 00:13:13,240 Speaker 1: around clothing and right, Yeah, because HIV is a retrovirus. Um, 215 00:13:13,320 --> 00:13:16,679 Speaker 1: so is uh. I think a flu flu is a 216 00:13:16,760 --> 00:13:19,760 Speaker 1: retrovirus too, I think um. But it goes in and 217 00:13:19,800 --> 00:13:24,720 Speaker 1: it it just inserts its DNA into the cells DNA alright, 218 00:13:24,840 --> 00:13:27,439 Speaker 1: So it's like, yeah, I go about your business or whatever. 219 00:13:27,480 --> 00:13:30,480 Speaker 1: But now there's this extra sequence that when you go 220 00:13:30,600 --> 00:13:32,800 Speaker 1: over it and you transcribe it and you do what 221 00:13:32,840 --> 00:13:35,680 Speaker 1: this this um d NA or this genetic material is 222 00:13:35,720 --> 00:13:38,599 Speaker 1: telling you to do to make you're gonna Also is 223 00:13:38,640 --> 00:13:43,760 Speaker 1: a byproduct spit out um viruses, so it's just duplicating itself, 224 00:13:43,800 --> 00:13:47,240 Speaker 1: it is. So that's there's a lot of different things 225 00:13:47,240 --> 00:13:49,600 Speaker 1: that can go on. But it's like you said, there's 226 00:13:49,640 --> 00:13:54,040 Speaker 1: a hostile takeover or the cell is tricked into making 227 00:13:54,080 --> 00:13:57,080 Speaker 1: more viruses, but what happens is more and more and 228 00:13:57,120 --> 00:14:00,679 Speaker 1: more and more viruses are being made within the host cell, 229 00:14:01,120 --> 00:14:04,400 Speaker 1: which can be pretty bad for the hostel. Ultimately, well, yeah, 230 00:14:04,440 --> 00:14:07,679 Speaker 1: because eventually the virus is gonna leave, and they can 231 00:14:07,720 --> 00:14:10,560 Speaker 1: either if it's a naked virus, it'll bust out and 232 00:14:10,640 --> 00:14:13,280 Speaker 1: just destroy the host cell and be like, hey, I'm 233 00:14:13,280 --> 00:14:16,520 Speaker 1: tired of your little apartment. I'm just gonna burn it 234 00:14:16,559 --> 00:14:19,520 Speaker 1: down because I'm my own thing now and I can 235 00:14:19,560 --> 00:14:23,880 Speaker 1: live on my own um. Or if it's an envelope 236 00:14:23,920 --> 00:14:26,560 Speaker 1: virus and it'll just kind of pinch away and keep 237 00:14:26,600 --> 00:14:30,200 Speaker 1: that protective cell membrane and just be like, well, fine, 238 00:14:30,200 --> 00:14:32,560 Speaker 1: I'll just take my stuff and and leave and you're 239 00:14:32,560 --> 00:14:34,560 Speaker 1: free to do what you want. Right. Well, that's another 240 00:14:34,600 --> 00:14:37,440 Speaker 1: reason why retroviruses are easy on the host cell is 241 00:14:37,480 --> 00:14:41,800 Speaker 1: because all retroviruses are enveloped viruses. So these new newly 242 00:14:41,920 --> 00:14:45,560 Speaker 1: made viruses just moved to the outside membrane and and 243 00:14:45,760 --> 00:14:50,920 Speaker 1: bud off. And then what happens when they bud off 244 00:14:51,040 --> 00:14:53,560 Speaker 1: or when the cell breaks open because there's so many 245 00:14:53,560 --> 00:14:57,160 Speaker 1: new viruses, it ruptures the cell. Yeah, it's just pretty 246 00:14:57,200 --> 00:15:01,440 Speaker 1: horrific if you think about it. Um, all of a sudden, 247 00:15:02,480 --> 00:15:07,200 Speaker 1: you're contagious. Yeah, and it's duplicating and spreading all throughout 248 00:15:07,200 --> 00:15:10,520 Speaker 1: your body at a pretty rapid rate. Lots of these guys. 249 00:15:10,560 --> 00:15:13,440 Speaker 1: So let's let's look at your well, let's look at 250 00:15:13,480 --> 00:15:15,800 Speaker 1: you for instance. Okay, what have you got right now? 251 00:15:16,480 --> 00:15:20,120 Speaker 1: I got something some sort of viral infection cold, not 252 00:15:20,160 --> 00:15:26,800 Speaker 1: the flu, probably, Yeah, you achy, fevery no, no, feverish. 253 00:15:26,800 --> 00:15:30,800 Speaker 1: I mean, uh so what do you What do I have? Doc? Well, 254 00:15:30,840 --> 00:15:33,320 Speaker 1: I would say you have a cold, but I had 255 00:15:33,360 --> 00:15:36,160 Speaker 1: a cold that that turned into a sinus infection. I 256 00:15:36,240 --> 00:15:38,080 Speaker 1: may have one of those from the color of the 257 00:15:38,080 --> 00:15:39,960 Speaker 1: stuff that's coming out of my nose, I would say 258 00:15:39,960 --> 00:15:42,600 Speaker 1: I probably have a size infection. Yes. Would you describe 259 00:15:42,600 --> 00:15:46,000 Speaker 1: it as khaki? Uh? I would describe it as a 260 00:15:46,160 --> 00:15:50,840 Speaker 1: drab all of oh Man, way worse than Khaki. When 261 00:15:50,920 --> 00:15:52,920 Speaker 1: I was sick a couple of weeks ago, I had 262 00:15:53,040 --> 00:15:57,920 Speaker 1: some serious, bright, bright, almost fluorescent yellow coming out, which 263 00:15:57,960 --> 00:16:01,560 Speaker 1: is all very gratifying to get rid of, either with 264 00:16:01,600 --> 00:16:03,840 Speaker 1: your Nettie Potter just blowing your nose or whatever. I've 265 00:16:03,840 --> 00:16:06,320 Speaker 1: been Nettie Potting like a madman. Yeah. You know you 266 00:16:06,320 --> 00:16:10,320 Speaker 1: can overdo that when you're sick. Apparently, Yeah, I can imagine, 267 00:16:10,360 --> 00:16:14,600 Speaker 1: because this just the salt. Get too much salt up there, 268 00:16:14,880 --> 00:16:17,600 Speaker 1: and I think just fluid like unless you really really 269 00:16:17,600 --> 00:16:20,840 Speaker 1: get it all out. Uh, it's better like you need 270 00:16:20,920 --> 00:16:24,120 Speaker 1: to dry out completely in between. Yeah, yeah, yeah, I 271 00:16:24,240 --> 00:16:27,800 Speaker 1: definitely all right, We'll just take two of these and 272 00:16:27,840 --> 00:16:29,880 Speaker 1: come back and see me next week. Well you're diagnosing 273 00:16:30,120 --> 00:16:33,000 Speaker 1: what was going on, Well, you've got a cold, I think, um, 274 00:16:33,040 --> 00:16:36,880 Speaker 1: but let's say you're in the office. I think we 275 00:16:36,880 --> 00:16:39,480 Speaker 1: should make this as real as possible. I was. Let's 276 00:16:39,520 --> 00:16:41,640 Speaker 1: say that I'm hanging out with my sweet little four 277 00:16:41,680 --> 00:16:44,560 Speaker 1: year old niece, who herself has a cold. Uh. She 278 00:16:44,640 --> 00:16:47,600 Speaker 1: the she, the the person. I don't want to name names, 279 00:16:49,160 --> 00:16:53,200 Speaker 1: but I think she's she's on your list now. So 280 00:16:53,320 --> 00:16:56,000 Speaker 1: all right, So your little niece probably sneezed or something 281 00:16:56,640 --> 00:16:58,440 Speaker 1: or just put her dirty little hands all over your 282 00:16:58,480 --> 00:17:01,760 Speaker 1: face because she loves Uncle Josh. She she has her 283 00:17:01,840 --> 00:17:04,320 Speaker 1: dad would not allow her to have dirty hands. Okay, 284 00:17:04,720 --> 00:17:08,960 Speaker 1: I think she an Okay, yeah, uh. And what you 285 00:17:09,040 --> 00:17:12,600 Speaker 1: probably did was inhaled a virus particle, and that probably 286 00:17:12,640 --> 00:17:16,639 Speaker 1: attached to your the linings of your nasal passages, your sinuses, 287 00:17:16,720 --> 00:17:19,600 Speaker 1: because apparently there's basically only three ways that a virus 288 00:17:19,640 --> 00:17:23,760 Speaker 1: gets into your body. You inhale it uh, attaches to 289 00:17:23,880 --> 00:17:27,040 Speaker 1: your mucous membranes like your nose or your gums or something, 290 00:17:28,240 --> 00:17:30,680 Speaker 1: or enters through a break in the skin. That's right. 291 00:17:31,400 --> 00:17:33,960 Speaker 1: So your host cell is going to break open, your 292 00:17:34,080 --> 00:17:36,440 Speaker 1: virus is gonna move in there with and say I'm 293 00:17:36,440 --> 00:17:39,359 Speaker 1: gonna use your equipment like we talked about. Then maybe 294 00:17:39,480 --> 00:17:43,159 Speaker 1: travel to your bloodstream, travel to your lungs uh, and 295 00:17:43,160 --> 00:17:45,560 Speaker 1: you're gonna end up getting Let's say, maybe one of 296 00:17:45,600 --> 00:17:48,800 Speaker 1: the first signs is a running nose because you're losing 297 00:17:48,800 --> 00:17:51,680 Speaker 1: cells and your sinuses, and now that fluid is gonna 298 00:17:52,040 --> 00:17:55,120 Speaker 1: be loosened up as a result. Yeah, the nasal, the 299 00:17:55,200 --> 00:17:59,359 Speaker 1: literal cellular lining of my sinuses is being is rupturing 300 00:18:00,040 --> 00:18:02,120 Speaker 1: to attack. Because here's the thing. When you go through 301 00:18:02,160 --> 00:18:04,399 Speaker 1: and look at like what a virus does, you're looking 302 00:18:04,440 --> 00:18:09,959 Speaker 1: at what one individual virian is doing. You don't necessarily 303 00:18:10,000 --> 00:18:12,920 Speaker 1: just pick up one individual viron. You can be exposed 304 00:18:12,960 --> 00:18:17,679 Speaker 1: to many, many, many virians and they are each reproducing, 305 00:18:17,720 --> 00:18:21,600 Speaker 1: producing thousands more just in one cell. So all this 306 00:18:21,720 --> 00:18:24,439 Speaker 1: is going on, it can have a pronounced effect. Like 307 00:18:24,480 --> 00:18:28,240 Speaker 1: if you just lost one cell your in your nasal lining, 308 00:18:28,480 --> 00:18:31,440 Speaker 1: it's not gonna do much. You're probably never ever going 309 00:18:31,480 --> 00:18:33,760 Speaker 1: to notice. But if you lose a ton of the 310 00:18:33,800 --> 00:18:36,359 Speaker 1: cells at the same time, you're gonna have a runny nose, 311 00:18:37,080 --> 00:18:38,679 Speaker 1: or if it happens in your throat, you're gonna have 312 00:18:38,720 --> 00:18:41,919 Speaker 1: a sore throat. That's right, that's just fluid. You know, 313 00:18:42,320 --> 00:18:45,119 Speaker 1: it's attacking those cells in your throat and the lining, 314 00:18:45,720 --> 00:18:49,600 Speaker 1: and it's dripping and just causing like a usually some 315 00:18:49,600 --> 00:18:52,840 Speaker 1: sort of inflammation. Yeah, and those because that those ruptured 316 00:18:52,880 --> 00:18:56,639 Speaker 1: cells are being carried down by your nose juice to 317 00:18:56,720 --> 00:18:59,639 Speaker 1: the back of your throat, which is turn That's what 318 00:18:59,680 --> 00:19:04,480 Speaker 1: I was raised on. It's in turn um nose juice okay, 319 00:19:04,520 --> 00:19:08,840 Speaker 1: which in turn U and they attach an attack to 320 00:19:09,119 --> 00:19:12,280 Speaker 1: the cells lining your throat and then this whole thing 321 00:19:12,359 --> 00:19:14,360 Speaker 1: is just going on and on and on again. Yeah, 322 00:19:14,359 --> 00:19:17,679 Speaker 1: if you've ever had aches and pains because of maybe 323 00:19:17,680 --> 00:19:21,680 Speaker 1: a flu, that's because your muscle cells are being attacked. 324 00:19:22,000 --> 00:19:24,320 Speaker 1: And it sucks because you don't know that this is 325 00:19:24,359 --> 00:19:27,280 Speaker 1: going on at first, like it's just this war being 326 00:19:27,280 --> 00:19:30,480 Speaker 1: waged inside your body and you're like, you know, hey, 327 00:19:30,600 --> 00:19:32,840 Speaker 1: I'm just going to the grocery store and I'm feeling 328 00:19:32,840 --> 00:19:34,840 Speaker 1: pretty good exactly, and by the time you start to 329 00:19:34,840 --> 00:19:37,200 Speaker 1: feel it's too late, it is too late. I'm glad 330 00:19:37,240 --> 00:19:39,119 Speaker 1: you brought that up because I did a don't be 331 00:19:39,240 --> 00:19:43,439 Speaker 1: dumb on when you're actually contagious. Yeah, what's the final 332 00:19:43,520 --> 00:19:46,400 Speaker 1: on that? So it depends on it does it vary? 333 00:19:47,480 --> 00:19:50,560 Speaker 1: The how long you're contagious varies, But when you start 334 00:19:50,960 --> 00:19:54,760 Speaker 1: is a about a day before you start showing symptoms. 335 00:19:55,880 --> 00:19:58,920 Speaker 1: So like remember how I said, if you have one 336 00:19:59,000 --> 00:20:02,000 Speaker 1: cell burst and and you're not gonna notice it, it's 337 00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:04,439 Speaker 1: gonna take many many cells to burst before you finally 338 00:20:04,440 --> 00:20:07,119 Speaker 1: have a sore throat. Well, while those things are bursting. 339 00:20:07,160 --> 00:20:10,720 Speaker 1: After that first one bursts, you're contagious, buddy. So for 340 00:20:10,760 --> 00:20:14,639 Speaker 1: a day before you even know you're sick, you're walking 341 00:20:14,680 --> 00:20:18,360 Speaker 1: around infecting other people. With a cold, you go from 342 00:20:18,480 --> 00:20:21,919 Speaker 1: the day before symptoms to about four days after. And 343 00:20:21,960 --> 00:20:25,159 Speaker 1: with the flu, you go from the day before symptoms 344 00:20:25,160 --> 00:20:28,600 Speaker 1: to five to seven days after, so you can still 345 00:20:28,640 --> 00:20:30,720 Speaker 1: be It is true when people are like, I'm not 346 00:20:30,760 --> 00:20:35,160 Speaker 1: contagious anymore, they're usually probably totally wrong. But say they're 347 00:20:35,200 --> 00:20:38,119 Speaker 1: flu last eight days. If they say that on day eight, 348 00:20:38,680 --> 00:20:41,840 Speaker 1: they're they're actually right. Most people say it by like 349 00:20:41,920 --> 00:20:44,879 Speaker 1: day three or four or whatever. That's it's not right. Well, 350 00:20:44,920 --> 00:20:48,280 Speaker 1: they need to watch Don't Be Dumb. Josh's award winning 351 00:20:48,320 --> 00:20:52,720 Speaker 1: web series so many awards, man, I think the next 352 00:20:52,720 --> 00:20:55,040 Speaker 1: award is gonna win. Is the most divisive web series 353 00:20:55,640 --> 00:20:57,880 Speaker 1: because half the people, more than half the think, are like, man, 354 00:20:57,920 --> 00:21:00,960 Speaker 1: this is the best thing ever. People I don't good it. 355 00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:04,400 Speaker 1: Why is Josh acting so weird? And I'll just respond with, yeah, 356 00:21:04,440 --> 00:21:07,520 Speaker 1: you don't get it, And I mean it's definitely not 357 00:21:07,560 --> 00:21:10,160 Speaker 1: for everybody. I've learned, Well, it's very funny. I think 358 00:21:30,520 --> 00:21:32,439 Speaker 1: it turns out. You asked me if I if I 359 00:21:32,440 --> 00:21:35,840 Speaker 1: feel feverish, and I don't, Apparently my body is slacking 360 00:21:35,920 --> 00:21:38,960 Speaker 1: on the immune response. Well, I think you don't always 361 00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:42,040 Speaker 1: get the fever. But fever is a good thing because 362 00:21:42,760 --> 00:21:45,960 Speaker 1: your body is wired to operate optimally at ninety eight 363 00:21:45,960 --> 00:21:48,800 Speaker 1: point six, even though I heard that was nine eight 364 00:21:48,840 --> 00:21:50,879 Speaker 1: point seven. Now is that right? Yeah? I heard that 365 00:21:50,880 --> 00:21:53,560 Speaker 1: they kind of abandoned that as like an average body 366 00:21:53,560 --> 00:21:57,560 Speaker 1: temperature because it varies enough between human beings that they're 367 00:21:57,640 --> 00:22:01,200 Speaker 1: they're like, now it's this between this rather than point six, 368 00:22:01,280 --> 00:22:03,639 Speaker 1: and if you don't have that, you're sick. So somewhere 369 00:22:03,640 --> 00:22:08,000 Speaker 1: in that range, let's say, uh, chemical reactions and basically 370 00:22:08,040 --> 00:22:11,160 Speaker 1: anything going on your body just that's the temperature it likes. 371 00:22:11,600 --> 00:22:13,840 Speaker 1: So when you get a fever, it's actually slowing all 372 00:22:13,840 --> 00:22:18,640 Speaker 1: those processes down, including the virus is spread. Yeah, because 373 00:22:18,680 --> 00:22:20,720 Speaker 1: it's like, oh man, it's hot, I can't can't work 374 00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:25,560 Speaker 1: as much, that's right, Uh, which is kind of a weird, indirect, 375 00:22:25,720 --> 00:22:30,440 Speaker 1: roundabout way of slowing a fever down or slowing an 376 00:22:30,440 --> 00:22:32,919 Speaker 1: infection down. Yeah. I mean, I guess if it works, 377 00:22:33,119 --> 00:22:34,920 Speaker 1: So it's good to have a fever it is good 378 00:22:34,920 --> 00:22:37,520 Speaker 1: to have a fever. And it's it actually makes sense 379 00:22:37,640 --> 00:22:42,160 Speaker 1: in a strange way because some infections, some viruses attack 380 00:22:42,600 --> 00:22:46,520 Speaker 1: the very cells that are meant to mount the immune response. 381 00:22:46,560 --> 00:22:49,840 Speaker 1: Like remember a bola, it goes right after like every 382 00:22:49,880 --> 00:22:53,760 Speaker 1: immune response cell that can find. HIV goes after T cells, 383 00:22:53,760 --> 00:22:59,000 Speaker 1: which attack and destroy foreign bodies, so to to slow 384 00:22:59,080 --> 00:23:01,920 Speaker 1: them down and just the spread so that the immune 385 00:23:01,960 --> 00:23:05,600 Speaker 1: response can continue and mount a full attack is kind 386 00:23:05,600 --> 00:23:09,120 Speaker 1: of clever. Yeah, And and since you mentioned HIV, it's 387 00:23:09,160 --> 00:23:13,480 Speaker 1: it's another scary one because it's one of those viruses 388 00:23:13,520 --> 00:23:17,120 Speaker 1: that can just lay in wait and they even call 389 00:23:17,200 --> 00:23:19,919 Speaker 1: it sleeping it some sometimes, you know, like it's not 390 00:23:19,960 --> 00:23:24,159 Speaker 1: obvious you could have HIV and be spreading HIV without 391 00:23:24,160 --> 00:23:26,919 Speaker 1: ever feeling any kind of sick or any kind of symptoms, 392 00:23:27,600 --> 00:23:33,280 Speaker 1: and um, basically eventually that virus is gonna do its thing. 393 00:23:33,840 --> 00:23:36,240 Speaker 1: You know, it could lay in wait for years even 394 00:23:36,800 --> 00:23:40,120 Speaker 1: without without acting right and then it depends on the virus. 395 00:23:40,200 --> 00:23:43,920 Speaker 1: But they figure that there's some sort of environmental trigger. 396 00:23:44,800 --> 00:23:47,800 Speaker 1: One I saw was like exposure to UV light or 397 00:23:47,840 --> 00:23:52,000 Speaker 1: something like that. It's the same thing. Herpies is a 398 00:23:52,080 --> 00:23:56,000 Speaker 1: virus like that, it sleeps which is why people who 399 00:23:56,040 --> 00:24:01,000 Speaker 1: have like say herpie simplex don't always have um cold source. 400 00:24:01,160 --> 00:24:03,320 Speaker 1: It'll just flare up, right, it will flare up. And 401 00:24:03,359 --> 00:24:05,520 Speaker 1: they often say, like in times of stress or something 402 00:24:05,560 --> 00:24:08,520 Speaker 1: like that, Well the virus isn't like this person is 403 00:24:08,520 --> 00:24:13,800 Speaker 1: stressed out, let's go. There's probably cortisol triggers the virus 404 00:24:13,840 --> 00:24:16,560 Speaker 1: to start reproducing. But one of the one of the 405 00:24:16,600 --> 00:24:20,600 Speaker 1: devious aspects of this is when that when that virus 406 00:24:20,600 --> 00:24:25,080 Speaker 1: sneaks in and inserts its d n A or RNA 407 00:24:25,320 --> 00:24:28,400 Speaker 1: into the DNA of the cell and just hang back 408 00:24:28,440 --> 00:24:33,159 Speaker 1: and wait. Well that cell is dividing as like normal 409 00:24:33,320 --> 00:24:37,520 Speaker 1: again the virus unwittingly right without the virus even being reproduced, 410 00:24:37,600 --> 00:24:40,879 Speaker 1: and now set up to be reproduced rather than in 411 00:24:40,960 --> 00:24:44,280 Speaker 1: just one cell now four or eight or sixteen or 412 00:24:44,280 --> 00:24:47,680 Speaker 1: thirty two. And then all hell breaks loose when all 413 00:24:47,680 --> 00:24:49,880 Speaker 1: of them start going at the same time because they 414 00:24:49,880 --> 00:24:54,560 Speaker 1: were all exposed to cortisol. That's what I'm saying. Viruses 415 00:24:54,600 --> 00:25:00,400 Speaker 1: are amazingly interesting and wicked, wicked, wicked things they are. Um, 416 00:25:00,480 --> 00:25:04,040 Speaker 1: So here are some tips the way on you know, 417 00:25:04,080 --> 00:25:07,399 Speaker 1: if your office is sick, or you're around your four 418 00:25:07,480 --> 00:25:11,199 Speaker 1: year old niece, Uh, here's some tips from your buddies 419 00:25:11,240 --> 00:25:13,639 Speaker 1: here to keep you from getting sick. You know that 420 00:25:13,680 --> 00:25:16,399 Speaker 1: there are carrier organisms like mosquitoes and fleas. They can 421 00:25:16,400 --> 00:25:19,679 Speaker 1: spread viruses. We know it can be airborne. We already 422 00:25:19,680 --> 00:25:23,680 Speaker 1: talked about bodily fluids, whether that's nose juice or saliva 423 00:25:24,119 --> 00:25:28,240 Speaker 1: or blood or semen or vaginal secretions as one way 424 00:25:28,240 --> 00:25:32,240 Speaker 1: you can get a direct transfer. Uh, surfaces on which 425 00:25:32,359 --> 00:25:35,639 Speaker 1: bodily fluids have dried, which is kind of scary to 426 00:25:35,640 --> 00:25:39,520 Speaker 1: think about. Yeah, you know you wanted to keep all 427 00:25:39,520 --> 00:25:43,800 Speaker 1: those secretions like off of surfaces because the virus can 428 00:25:43,880 --> 00:25:46,360 Speaker 1: live outside of the body for a while. Apparently flu 429 00:25:46,480 --> 00:25:49,440 Speaker 1: virus can live for seven days just on the surface. Yeah, 430 00:25:49,520 --> 00:25:52,119 Speaker 1: that's why, like you sneeze in your hand and you 431 00:25:52,200 --> 00:25:55,560 Speaker 1: open the door to your office, then there's there could 432 00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:59,640 Speaker 1: be little virus on that door knob and um, that's 433 00:25:59,640 --> 00:26:02,679 Speaker 1: why they super advise. And one of the things that 434 00:26:02,680 --> 00:26:04,760 Speaker 1: we're advising now is to wash your hands a lot 435 00:26:05,400 --> 00:26:07,840 Speaker 1: if you're sick or if you know that there are 436 00:26:07,920 --> 00:26:12,919 Speaker 1: sickness around you. Like I wouldn't be Howard Hughes about it, 437 00:26:12,960 --> 00:26:15,239 Speaker 1: but I wash my hands a lot when I know 438 00:26:15,280 --> 00:26:18,120 Speaker 1: that there's viruses going around. I started washing my hands 439 00:26:18,160 --> 00:26:20,720 Speaker 1: a lot more once I've found out or was told 440 00:26:20,720 --> 00:26:23,560 Speaker 1: what you're actually doing when you're washing your hand, Um, 441 00:26:23,600 --> 00:26:27,320 Speaker 1: you're not actually killing anything on your hands, any germs. 442 00:26:27,680 --> 00:26:31,280 Speaker 1: What you're doing by introducing soap is you're creating something 443 00:26:31,320 --> 00:26:35,280 Speaker 1: that will basically go and cling to germs on your hands. 444 00:26:35,720 --> 00:26:37,760 Speaker 1: And then when you wash off the soap, you're washing 445 00:26:37,760 --> 00:26:40,600 Speaker 1: off the germs. So you're not like waging war or 446 00:26:40,600 --> 00:26:43,840 Speaker 1: anything like that. You're basically just rinsing your hands clean. Literally. 447 00:26:44,520 --> 00:26:46,960 Speaker 1: So once once I realized that, I was like, oh, yeah, 448 00:26:47,040 --> 00:26:50,119 Speaker 1: washing washing hands makes a lot of sense, because before 449 00:26:50,200 --> 00:26:53,879 Speaker 1: that I was like some doesn't do anything. Yeah, like 450 00:26:53,960 --> 00:26:56,480 Speaker 1: and I don't even use antibacterial soap as a rule. 451 00:26:56,520 --> 00:26:59,360 Speaker 1: But so I was like, it's definitely not doing anything. 452 00:26:59,560 --> 00:27:03,239 Speaker 1: Now like it is doing something. So let's wash our 453 00:27:03,280 --> 00:27:06,960 Speaker 1: hands as often as possible. That's a good idea and 454 00:27:07,080 --> 00:27:10,760 Speaker 1: a really long T shirt. If you are sick, you're 455 00:27:10,800 --> 00:27:14,040 Speaker 1: going to want to cover your mouth when you sneeze 456 00:27:14,040 --> 00:27:19,120 Speaker 1: and cough, because that's just common decency. Um, you want 457 00:27:19,119 --> 00:27:22,640 Speaker 1: to avoid contact with anyone else's bodily fluids, whether you're 458 00:27:22,640 --> 00:27:26,120 Speaker 1: sick or not. And whether they're sick or not. It's 459 00:27:26,160 --> 00:27:28,880 Speaker 1: just you don't want to have anyone else's bodily fluids 460 00:27:28,920 --> 00:27:31,359 Speaker 1: on you, r in you unless you know you're like 461 00:27:31,480 --> 00:27:36,000 Speaker 1: married or something. Right then, unless you really love that person, 462 00:27:36,119 --> 00:27:40,199 Speaker 1: the fluids are welcome. Uh. And antibiotics and this this 463 00:27:40,280 --> 00:27:43,760 Speaker 1: thing's gotten blue a few times. It's a very sexy show. Yeah, 464 00:27:43,880 --> 00:27:48,000 Speaker 1: sexy virus. Uh, antibiotics aren't gonna help with um a 465 00:27:48,119 --> 00:27:52,440 Speaker 1: viral infection that is obviously for bacterial infections only. Yes, 466 00:27:52,480 --> 00:27:55,719 Speaker 1: But it occurred to me, Chuck that if you you 467 00:27:55,720 --> 00:28:00,960 Speaker 1: could cure a viral infection, if a in a bacteria 468 00:28:01,119 --> 00:28:05,159 Speaker 1: with antibiotics would be kind of like euthanasia, but it 469 00:28:05,160 --> 00:28:09,560 Speaker 1: would cure the viral infections. Good point, bacteria infected with 470 00:28:09,600 --> 00:28:13,119 Speaker 1: the virus. That's how tough viruses are. And we have 471 00:28:13,200 --> 00:28:16,840 Speaker 1: no idea how they originated or where they came from. 472 00:28:17,760 --> 00:28:19,960 Speaker 1: We don't. We just know they're super old and the 473 00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:23,800 Speaker 1: ones that are the oldest are the ones that kill 474 00:28:23,920 --> 00:28:27,840 Speaker 1: the least. Yeah, if you think about it, a virus 475 00:28:28,080 --> 00:28:33,119 Speaker 1: would just, by right of natural selection, evolved to be 476 00:28:33,160 --> 00:28:37,000 Speaker 1: able to reproduce without killing the host, because if the 477 00:28:37,040 --> 00:28:40,320 Speaker 1: host survives, then that just increases the chances of the 478 00:28:40,400 --> 00:28:43,560 Speaker 1: virus to be spread from most host Right, So a 479 00:28:43,640 --> 00:28:47,480 Speaker 1: really deadly virus is probably newer as far as humanity 480 00:28:47,560 --> 00:28:52,440 Speaker 1: is concerned. And a virus that can infect more organism, 481 00:28:52,520 --> 00:28:56,160 Speaker 1: more types of organisms, like one that could make grass 482 00:28:56,160 --> 00:29:00,400 Speaker 1: sick but also make a human sick, that's probably a 483 00:29:00,400 --> 00:29:05,680 Speaker 1: pretty old virus. Old virus just sounds intimidating. Well, we 484 00:29:05,800 --> 00:29:09,120 Speaker 1: have like basically what amounts to fossilized viruses in our 485 00:29:09,200 --> 00:29:12,479 Speaker 1: DNA from all those viruses as retroviruses that came in 486 00:29:12,480 --> 00:29:16,000 Speaker 1: inserted as genetic material, and our body learned to mount 487 00:29:16,040 --> 00:29:19,120 Speaker 1: a defense against them. But that that stuff is still 488 00:29:19,160 --> 00:29:23,280 Speaker 1: in the human genome. Crazy viruses. Uh. There. There are 489 00:29:23,280 --> 00:29:25,800 Speaker 1: also immunizations, of course, and you know how they work. 490 00:29:25,880 --> 00:29:29,880 Speaker 1: They pre infect your body so it knows, you know 491 00:29:29,920 --> 00:29:33,640 Speaker 1: how to mount the the fight against it to make 492 00:29:33,680 --> 00:29:35,640 Speaker 1: sure it has all the right equipment. It's like putting 493 00:29:35,720 --> 00:29:39,000 Speaker 1: up wanted posters in your body. Yeah, but those virus 494 00:29:39,040 --> 00:29:42,360 Speaker 1: has changed slightly, ever so slightly enough to where you 495 00:29:42,400 --> 00:29:44,440 Speaker 1: have to keep updating these vaccines so you know it 496 00:29:44,520 --> 00:29:51,040 Speaker 1: keeps working well, Yeah, you know, yeah, they evolve fairly quickly. Um. Lastly, Chuck, 497 00:29:51,040 --> 00:29:54,120 Speaker 1: I want to address something. There is a I guess 498 00:29:54,120 --> 00:29:57,360 Speaker 1: a misconception or urban legend or whatever that you can 499 00:29:57,400 --> 00:29:59,680 Speaker 1: tell where there you have a viral infection or a 500 00:29:59,720 --> 00:30:03,520 Speaker 1: back sterial infection um or what kind of virus you 501 00:30:03,560 --> 00:30:06,000 Speaker 1: have based on the color of your mucus. We talked 502 00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:11,000 Speaker 1: about fluorescent or something like that. They they don't in 503 00:30:11,040 --> 00:30:15,440 Speaker 1: and of themselves relate to a specific type of virus 504 00:30:15,520 --> 00:30:19,080 Speaker 1: or bacterial or viral infection or anything like that. It's 505 00:30:19,160 --> 00:30:22,320 Speaker 1: not true. So that's viruses. Yeah, I got nothing else. 506 00:30:22,360 --> 00:30:25,720 Speaker 1: It is good to know how this stuff works out because, um, 507 00:30:25,720 --> 00:30:28,200 Speaker 1: you know, when you get sick, you understand a little better. 508 00:30:28,240 --> 00:30:31,760 Speaker 1: Maybe you can mentally fight the stuff more effectively. I'm 509 00:30:31,760 --> 00:30:33,840 Speaker 1: doing it right now. You see how I'm bleeding from 510 00:30:33,840 --> 00:30:35,680 Speaker 1: my scalp. Oh my god, I'm using a lot of 511 00:30:35,720 --> 00:30:38,400 Speaker 1: mental power. It's amazing. If you want to know more 512 00:30:38,440 --> 00:30:41,560 Speaker 1: about viruses, you can start by typing that word into 513 00:30:41,560 --> 00:30:44,479 Speaker 1: the search bar at how stuff works dot com and 514 00:30:44,560 --> 00:30:47,200 Speaker 1: it will bring up this cool article. And I said 515 00:30:47,200 --> 00:30:52,080 Speaker 1: how stuff works. So it's time for listener mail. I'm 516 00:30:52,080 --> 00:30:56,240 Speaker 1: gonna call this Headstones. My name is Georgia Gilbert. I'm 517 00:30:56,240 --> 00:31:00,600 Speaker 1: a new but enthusiastic fan from the University of Washington Huskies. 518 00:31:02,000 --> 00:31:04,000 Speaker 1: I was listening to your Tombstone's podcast, and I want 519 00:31:04,040 --> 00:31:06,720 Speaker 1: to say that the move to churchyard burials is a 520 00:31:06,760 --> 00:31:10,160 Speaker 1: bit more complicated than you implied, uh If I remember correctly, 521 00:31:10,200 --> 00:31:13,440 Speaker 1: burials in churchyards began mostly as a common practice because 522 00:31:13,440 --> 00:31:16,640 Speaker 1: of the plague. Churches would sell spots for burial within 523 00:31:16,680 --> 00:31:19,800 Speaker 1: the church itself, in the walls and the floors, etcetera, 524 00:31:19,840 --> 00:31:22,840 Speaker 1: because there was a common belief during the Middle Ages 525 00:31:22,880 --> 00:31:24,800 Speaker 1: that being buried in the church was being very closer 526 00:31:24,840 --> 00:31:27,480 Speaker 1: to God, and if you're very closer to God, the 527 00:31:27,600 --> 00:31:29,840 Speaker 1: better off you're going to be in the afterlife, the 528 00:31:29,880 --> 00:31:33,400 Speaker 1: reasoning goes. Many people would actually get spots within their 529 00:31:33,400 --> 00:31:35,720 Speaker 1: local church to be buried, or at least very close 530 00:31:35,760 --> 00:31:38,120 Speaker 1: to the walls outside. During the plague gears, however, the 531 00:31:38,120 --> 00:31:40,959 Speaker 1: amount of bodies accumulated to be buried became too much, 532 00:31:41,000 --> 00:31:43,560 Speaker 1: and they began to bury people further outside the church, 533 00:31:44,000 --> 00:31:47,160 Speaker 1: even if they had paid for a spot inside. I 534 00:31:47,200 --> 00:31:49,240 Speaker 1: read a great book on death in London through the 535 00:31:49,240 --> 00:31:53,480 Speaker 1: Ages that talked about it that was called Necropolis. Highly 536 00:31:53,520 --> 00:31:57,000 Speaker 1: recommend it. So thanks for teaching me such awesome Stuff guys, 537 00:31:57,000 --> 00:31:59,800 Speaker 1: I can now ask my mother in law intelligent questions 538 00:32:00,080 --> 00:32:03,400 Speaker 1: about growing up in Germany during the Cold War thanks 539 00:32:03,400 --> 00:32:06,720 Speaker 1: to your Berlin Wall program. Nice and that is from Georgia. 540 00:32:07,000 --> 00:32:10,440 Speaker 1: That was fascinating. The plague, by the way, it was bacterial, 541 00:32:10,560 --> 00:32:14,720 Speaker 1: not viral, in case anybody was one doing like me. Yeah, 542 00:32:14,760 --> 00:32:16,560 Speaker 1: we did one in the plague, right we did? Yeah, 543 00:32:16,760 --> 00:32:21,440 Speaker 1: black death or black plague. Yeah, anyway, who is that again, Georgia. 544 00:32:21,600 --> 00:32:24,000 Speaker 1: Thanks a lot, Georgia. We appreciate that. That was a 545 00:32:24,000 --> 00:32:26,800 Speaker 1: great email. If you have a great email, you can 546 00:32:27,040 --> 00:32:29,360 Speaker 1: try to tweet it to us if it's short at 547 00:32:29,520 --> 00:32:31,760 Speaker 1: s y s K podcast. You can post it on 548 00:32:31,760 --> 00:32:34,760 Speaker 1: Facebook if you like, at Facebook, dot com slash Stuff 549 00:32:34,760 --> 00:32:37,040 Speaker 1: you Should Know, or you can send us an email 550 00:32:37,080 --> 00:32:40,480 Speaker 1: like a normal person to stuff podcast at how stuff 551 00:32:40,520 --> 00:32:44,000 Speaker 1: Works dot com and as always, in the meantime, hang 552 00:32:44,000 --> 00:32:46,040 Speaker 1: out with us at our home on the web. Stuff 553 00:32:46,080 --> 00:32:50,720 Speaker 1: you Should Know dot Com. Stuff you Should Know is 554 00:32:50,720 --> 00:32:53,360 Speaker 1: a production of iHeart Radios How Stuff Works for more 555 00:32:53,360 --> 00:32:55,840 Speaker 1: podcasts for my Heart Radio because at the iHeart Radio app, 556 00:32:55,920 --> 00:32:58,560 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows