1 00:00:05,240 --> 00:00:07,680 Speaker 1: Hey, this is Annie and Samantha and welcome to Stephmon. 2 00:00:07,760 --> 00:00:20,520 Speaker 1: Never told your protection of I Heart Radio's How Stuff Works. Uh, 3 00:00:20,560 --> 00:00:24,720 Speaker 1: today we are talking about Scandal and not the show, 4 00:00:25,120 --> 00:00:28,159 Speaker 1: which is a great show, though I never got into it, 5 00:00:28,240 --> 00:00:30,360 Speaker 1: so I actually only watched that thing the first three 6 00:00:30,400 --> 00:00:32,360 Speaker 1: seasons and then I was like, Okay, this is way 7 00:00:32,360 --> 00:00:35,480 Speaker 1: too much, way too much. Yeah, I saw one episode 8 00:00:35,520 --> 00:00:37,800 Speaker 1: and I thought it was a little overboard for me. 9 00:00:37,880 --> 00:00:40,440 Speaker 1: I can see why people like it, but because it's 10 00:00:40,479 --> 00:00:48,720 Speaker 1: got sex, politics, sex things we're talking about today, and 11 00:00:48,760 --> 00:00:53,120 Speaker 1: we're looking specifically at women in political scandal and some 12 00:00:53,200 --> 00:00:58,400 Speaker 1: gender differences in how female politicians and male politicians are 13 00:00:58,440 --> 00:01:01,720 Speaker 1: able to recover or not recover or from a scandal. 14 00:01:02,520 --> 00:01:05,560 Speaker 1: And we do have UM quick suggar warning, we're not 15 00:01:05,600 --> 00:01:07,680 Speaker 1: going to get in too much detail about anything, but 16 00:01:07,680 --> 00:01:10,319 Speaker 1: what we are going to be talking about, UM revenge 17 00:01:10,319 --> 00:01:15,240 Speaker 1: porn briefly, and UM sexual assaults just in general sexual 18 00:01:15,640 --> 00:01:22,640 Speaker 1: situations corruption. UM. Yeah. So this was in part inspired 19 00:01:23,280 --> 00:01:28,000 Speaker 1: by the recent scandal involving Representative Katie Hill, which we 20 00:01:28,040 --> 00:01:29,920 Speaker 1: will get into in a little bit UM, and it 21 00:01:30,240 --> 00:01:34,319 Speaker 1: involves a lot of things, a lot of disparate threads, 22 00:01:34,440 --> 00:01:39,000 Speaker 1: UM that are all episodes that have been done in 23 00:01:39,040 --> 00:01:42,240 Speaker 1: the past are and we could probably revisit like revenge 24 00:01:42,280 --> 00:01:47,760 Speaker 1: porn me to sexual harassment, but we're just going to 25 00:01:47,880 --> 00:01:52,000 Speaker 1: touch on those things today, right right. Um, So, definitions, 26 00:01:52,040 --> 00:01:55,880 Speaker 1: we like to start with definitions from a paper called 27 00:01:55,880 --> 00:02:00,520 Speaker 1: Corruption and Sexual Scandal. The importance of politician gender. Political 28 00:02:00,560 --> 00:02:04,480 Speaker 1: scandal is quote any action or event involving a politician 29 00:02:04,520 --> 00:02:07,800 Speaker 1: that is regarded as illegal, corrupt, or unethical and prompts 30 00:02:07,880 --> 00:02:11,720 Speaker 1: general public outrage. This can be something Mike violating the 31 00:02:11,760 --> 00:02:15,960 Speaker 1: Constitution here in the United States, the crimes and misdemeanors 32 00:02:15,960 --> 00:02:19,919 Speaker 1: we hear about abuse of power, our violations of socially 33 00:02:20,040 --> 00:02:25,160 Speaker 1: established ethical and moral standards. These scandals, depending on their severity. 34 00:02:25,280 --> 00:02:27,240 Speaker 1: Um and, as we're going to get into gender and 35 00:02:27,280 --> 00:02:32,560 Speaker 1: skin color, can permanently impact a politicians electability. Political scandals 36 00:02:32,639 --> 00:02:35,560 Speaker 1: can and have to stabilize the status quo and permanently 37 00:02:35,560 --> 00:02:39,120 Speaker 1: altered history. We know this, we're seeing this actually, um 38 00:02:39,120 --> 00:02:42,239 Speaker 1: they've added terms and phases to our lexicon. Corruption is 39 00:02:42,280 --> 00:02:45,520 Speaker 1: a major obstacle for achieving equality. Yeah, so it's a 40 00:02:45,560 --> 00:02:49,760 Speaker 1: pretty big deal. We're talking about it. It's hard to differentiate. 41 00:02:50,280 --> 00:02:52,720 Speaker 1: There are two main types of scandal, corruption and sexual. 42 00:02:54,120 --> 00:02:57,040 Speaker 1: Uh in our it seems to be that's the case, 43 00:02:57,760 --> 00:03:00,520 Speaker 1: UM and in general, people are more concer learned with 44 00:03:00,600 --> 00:03:05,799 Speaker 1: corruption scandals as opposed to sexual scandals. However, women are 45 00:03:05,800 --> 00:03:08,600 Speaker 1: punished more severely when it comes to sexual scandals of 46 00:03:08,720 --> 00:03:13,079 Speaker 1: similar magnitude carried out by men to a lesser extent. 47 00:03:13,160 --> 00:03:15,919 Speaker 1: Women are punished more severely for corruption scandals as well. 48 00:03:16,360 --> 00:03:19,840 Speaker 1: But let's look at some examples, shall we. Let's all right, 49 00:03:19,960 --> 00:03:23,400 Speaker 1: So one thing I would say before we get into this, 50 00:03:23,760 --> 00:03:26,440 Speaker 1: something I thought of at first when we were talking 51 00:03:26,440 --> 00:03:28,880 Speaker 1: about doing this episode, is a difference I see a 52 00:03:28,880 --> 00:03:31,920 Speaker 1: lot in political scandals when it comes to gender. UM 53 00:03:32,040 --> 00:03:35,800 Speaker 1: is not only in the forgiveness or willing to forget, 54 00:03:35,920 --> 00:03:38,640 Speaker 1: willingness to forget or not, or willingness to forgive or not, 55 00:03:38,960 --> 00:03:44,200 Speaker 1: but also the public apology portion, because I feel like, dude, 56 00:03:44,200 --> 00:03:48,080 Speaker 1: politicians always drag their wife up there and she's standing 57 00:03:48,160 --> 00:03:51,560 Speaker 1: next to them, maybe slightly behind them, to show that 58 00:03:52,120 --> 00:03:57,280 Speaker 1: she supports this male politician, her husband or whoever while 59 00:03:57,560 --> 00:04:00,800 Speaker 1: he apologizes, which is kind of have you in the 60 00:04:00,840 --> 00:04:04,320 Speaker 1: episodes of Parts and rec main corrupt sexual harasser of 61 00:04:04,400 --> 00:04:06,760 Speaker 1: all you know that has all of those sandals. You 62 00:04:06,800 --> 00:04:09,360 Speaker 1: see the wife every time in the final I think, 63 00:04:09,400 --> 00:04:12,040 Speaker 1: the final corruption story that's made public, she just turns 64 00:04:12,040 --> 00:04:15,880 Speaker 1: her back and just puts her head down. I'm done, 65 00:04:16,160 --> 00:04:20,120 Speaker 1: I am done. Um. Yeah. It always feels so awkward 66 00:04:20,160 --> 00:04:23,200 Speaker 1: and comfortable. And I mean the whole thing is awkward 67 00:04:23,279 --> 00:04:26,520 Speaker 1: and uncomfortable, But I mean even the fact that women 68 00:04:26,600 --> 00:04:29,080 Speaker 1: have to come out and make statements, especially in this 69 00:04:29,160 --> 00:04:32,400 Speaker 1: era of social media. Um, Kavanaugh's wife, I think had 70 00:04:32,560 --> 00:04:35,560 Speaker 1: made a statement, didn't she in regards to supporting her husband. 71 00:04:36,080 --> 00:04:39,560 Speaker 1: Is just there's something about it feels really dicky, and 72 00:04:39,600 --> 00:04:43,159 Speaker 1: I don't feel like I have seeing that kind of 73 00:04:43,160 --> 00:04:47,279 Speaker 1: public apology with a male with the female politician and 74 00:04:47,360 --> 00:04:52,080 Speaker 1: her significant other rail right her. Um, okay, But examples 75 00:04:53,040 --> 00:04:56,960 Speaker 1: one is the eating affair from eight to thirty one. 76 00:04:57,520 --> 00:05:00,480 Speaker 1: Early on in Andrew Jackson's term, his friend and Secretary 77 00:05:00,480 --> 00:05:04,440 Speaker 1: of War, John Henry Eaton got married to Margaret Peggy O'Neill, 78 00:05:04,880 --> 00:05:08,919 Speaker 1: and Peggy had a reputation for being promiscuous, and apparently 79 00:05:08,920 --> 00:05:11,520 Speaker 1: it was quite the reputation. It eventually led to the 80 00:05:11,560 --> 00:05:15,800 Speaker 1: dissolution of Jackson's cabinet. A lot of Jackson's cabinet and 81 00:05:15,839 --> 00:05:17,840 Speaker 1: their wives, because yes, all the cabinet members were men 82 00:05:17,920 --> 00:05:21,239 Speaker 1: at the time, did not approve of Peggy and her behavior, 83 00:05:21,240 --> 00:05:24,400 Speaker 1: and by association, they did not approve of Eaton for 84 00:05:24,520 --> 00:05:28,039 Speaker 1: being with her. Jackson stood behind his friend Eaton, but 85 00:05:28,120 --> 00:05:33,080 Speaker 1: eventually tensions boiled over and became apparent that things couldn't 86 00:05:33,080 --> 00:05:38,200 Speaker 1: be solved. Jackson forced cabinet members to resign. Peggy was 87 00:05:38,279 --> 00:05:42,039 Speaker 1: perhaps a more emotional lynchpin members of the cabinet against 88 00:05:42,080 --> 00:05:45,680 Speaker 1: Eaton's protective terrorists could use to force them out. They 89 00:05:45,680 --> 00:05:48,480 Speaker 1: were really against that thing, right, and they pointed to 90 00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:53,560 Speaker 1: her from a msculous woman and used that to kind 91 00:05:53,560 --> 00:05:56,599 Speaker 1: of take him out. Yeah. During the eighties and nineties, 92 00:05:56,680 --> 00:05:59,680 Speaker 1: member of Parliament and a wife of Northern Ireland's first Minister, 93 00:06:00,040 --> 00:06:02,840 Speaker 1: Aris Robinson was discovered having an affair with a man 94 00:06:02,920 --> 00:06:05,919 Speaker 1: forty years older than her. The press dubbed her the 95 00:06:05,960 --> 00:06:09,720 Speaker 1: Celtic cougar and she had to step down. Wow, of course, 96 00:06:09,760 --> 00:06:13,320 Speaker 1: what a nickname. Former Home Secretary of the UK Jackie Smith, 97 00:06:13,400 --> 00:06:16,200 Speaker 1: resigned after it was revealed that she claimed the purchase 98 00:06:16,240 --> 00:06:21,120 Speaker 1: of pornographic films as part of her parliamentary expenses. She 99 00:06:21,320 --> 00:06:24,440 Speaker 1: claimed the purchases were her husband's but she still resigned, 100 00:06:24,839 --> 00:06:28,599 Speaker 1: reasoning quote, she I was the one who did the 101 00:06:28,600 --> 00:06:30,800 Speaker 1: wrong thing, for claiming it, for not going through the 102 00:06:30,800 --> 00:06:34,480 Speaker 1: expense forum closely enough. And then again, we want to 103 00:06:34,480 --> 00:06:37,200 Speaker 1: talk about Monica Lewinsky. I don't think we could bypass 104 00:06:37,400 --> 00:06:41,120 Speaker 1: any conversations about politics and scandal without talking about her. 105 00:06:41,440 --> 00:06:45,320 Speaker 1: We've already talked about her doing our women in Sexuality episode, 106 00:06:45,320 --> 00:06:48,560 Speaker 1: but this was the scandal of Bill Clinton's presidency. She 107 00:06:48,720 --> 00:06:50,920 Speaker 1: was a White House intern that ended up being recorded 108 00:06:50,920 --> 00:06:53,640 Speaker 1: and being the main witness for Clinton's impeachment. She was 109 00:06:53,680 --> 00:06:57,000 Speaker 1: of course ridiculed, slut shamed and scapegoat and guest lighted 110 00:06:57,000 --> 00:07:00,839 Speaker 1: throughout her career, as in um she actually apologized to 111 00:07:00,920 --> 00:07:05,040 Speaker 1: the Clintons during a Barbara Walter special, which says a lot. 112 00:07:05,320 --> 00:07:07,680 Speaker 1: And then she moved to London to try to stay 113 00:07:07,720 --> 00:07:09,680 Speaker 1: out of the spotlight. And I don't think it was 114 00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:12,600 Speaker 1: until the Me Too movement and her powerful essay that 115 00:07:12,640 --> 00:07:15,200 Speaker 1: she wrote for Vanity Fair that she started to become 116 00:07:15,360 --> 00:07:19,160 Speaker 1: recognized as not the slutty temptress, but perhaps a young 117 00:07:19,280 --> 00:07:21,680 Speaker 1: night girl who was groomed by the most powerful man 118 00:07:21,760 --> 00:07:24,840 Speaker 1: in the country. But we see that she was really 119 00:07:24,920 --> 00:07:30,560 Speaker 1: vilified from jump and even now she still has moments 120 00:07:30,600 --> 00:07:33,200 Speaker 1: of being made fun of and all of that, and 121 00:07:33,200 --> 00:07:37,000 Speaker 1: and there have been several people who have apologized from 122 00:07:37,040 --> 00:07:39,960 Speaker 1: their reaction, but you know, she's a prime example of 123 00:07:40,280 --> 00:07:44,120 Speaker 1: women in politics. She's become the main source of ridicule 124 00:07:44,200 --> 00:07:45,680 Speaker 1: as if it was all her fault, which is a 125 00:07:45,680 --> 00:07:49,160 Speaker 1: whole different standard in itself. And then coming into Katie Hill, 126 00:07:49,360 --> 00:07:53,560 Speaker 1: who was the inspiration for this specific episode. In October 127 00:07:53,560 --> 00:07:57,520 Speaker 1: twenty nineteen, California Representative Katie Hill resigned after a committee 128 00:07:57,560 --> 00:08:01,920 Speaker 1: investigation into her alleged sexual relationship with her legislative director 129 00:08:02,480 --> 00:08:05,480 Speaker 1: and staffer from her campaign. She told the Ethics Committee, 130 00:08:05,480 --> 00:08:09,200 Speaker 1: I know that even a consensual relationship with a subordinates inappropriate, 131 00:08:09,560 --> 00:08:12,040 Speaker 1: but I still allowed it to happen despite my better judgment. 132 00:08:12,520 --> 00:08:14,800 Speaker 1: For that, I apologize. I wish nothing but the best 133 00:08:14,800 --> 00:08:17,120 Speaker 1: for her and hope everyone respects her privacy in this 134 00:08:17,200 --> 00:08:21,000 Speaker 1: difficult time. And then she released the statement about it. 135 00:08:21,360 --> 00:08:23,520 Speaker 1: I know that as long as I'm in Congress, will 136 00:08:23,520 --> 00:08:26,000 Speaker 1: live fearful of what might come next and how much 137 00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:29,120 Speaker 1: it will hurt. And she was right to be fearful. Obviously, 138 00:08:29,920 --> 00:08:32,120 Speaker 1: this all was a result of a post on rest 139 00:08:32,160 --> 00:08:36,120 Speaker 1: state about the affair, um, complete with intimate pictures, one 140 00:08:36,160 --> 00:08:38,040 Speaker 1: in which she and the other woman in the photo 141 00:08:38,080 --> 00:08:40,719 Speaker 1: are naked. Hill claims this is the work of her 142 00:08:40,760 --> 00:08:43,959 Speaker 1: abusive ex husband, who, in her words, is determined to 143 00:08:44,040 --> 00:08:47,360 Speaker 1: humiliate her. And actually there was a statement released by 144 00:08:47,360 --> 00:08:50,120 Speaker 1: the ex husband saying that his phone had been hacked. 145 00:08:50,520 --> 00:08:54,760 Speaker 1: So that makes you wonder mania things. Yeah, this is 146 00:08:54,760 --> 00:08:58,679 Speaker 1: a really murky situation. Sexual relationships with underlings or those 147 00:08:58,720 --> 00:09:01,920 Speaker 1: who are your subordinates is bad. Abuse is bad, revenge 148 00:09:01,960 --> 00:09:04,840 Speaker 1: porn is bad. And because of the complexity of the 149 00:09:04,920 --> 00:09:08,040 Speaker 1: story the number of threads, Democrats were accused of having 150 00:09:08,120 --> 00:09:12,320 Speaker 1: somewhat confused response. When asked, Kamala Harris committed, let's also 151 00:09:12,360 --> 00:09:14,600 Speaker 1: speak the truth that men and women are not held 152 00:09:14,600 --> 00:09:17,560 Speaker 1: to the same standards. Um, I mean, look at who's 153 00:09:17,559 --> 00:09:19,440 Speaker 1: in the White house. Katie Hill was one of the 154 00:09:19,520 --> 00:09:23,400 Speaker 1: first openly bisexual representatives, something that drew a lot of 155 00:09:23,400 --> 00:09:27,320 Speaker 1: I are from conservatives. Some people call this electronic assault 156 00:09:27,480 --> 00:09:31,320 Speaker 1: or digital exploitation, and others call it revenge porn. As 157 00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:32,800 Speaker 1: the victim of it, I call it one of the 158 00:09:32,840 --> 00:09:34,840 Speaker 1: worst things that we can do to our sisters and 159 00:09:34,840 --> 00:09:37,360 Speaker 1: our daughters. And that was a quote from Katie Hill. 160 00:09:37,559 --> 00:09:39,319 Speaker 1: And I think that does bring up a lot of 161 00:09:39,440 --> 00:09:43,840 Speaker 1: questions about what should be allowed, what isn't allowed. What 162 00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:48,800 Speaker 1: is again, um, the law with revenge porn or publicizing 163 00:09:48,800 --> 00:09:51,440 Speaker 1: someone else's photo, how does that work? I mean that 164 00:09:51,600 --> 00:09:55,080 Speaker 1: even comes into talking about Instagram photos and although it 165 00:09:55,200 --> 00:09:58,200 Speaker 1: is public property after you do publish it on Instagram, 166 00:09:58,200 --> 00:10:01,439 Speaker 1: which is weird to me in itself. Um, when someone 167 00:10:01,640 --> 00:10:04,319 Speaker 1: uses that to profit off of it's such and it's 168 00:10:04,360 --> 00:10:07,600 Speaker 1: not yours, it's such a weird conversation to have. And 169 00:10:07,640 --> 00:10:11,120 Speaker 1: this is that same well even worse idea that as 170 00:10:11,240 --> 00:10:13,720 Speaker 1: an act of revenge or because you're mad, you take 171 00:10:13,760 --> 00:10:18,199 Speaker 1: something that was consensual. And yes, using like any relationships 172 00:10:18,200 --> 00:10:20,839 Speaker 1: with people who is a subordinate is very very inappropriate. 173 00:10:21,400 --> 00:10:25,960 Speaker 1: But again we've never really seen that this level of 174 00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:29,400 Speaker 1: intensity as she had been drawn. Katie Hill has kind 175 00:10:29,440 --> 00:10:32,280 Speaker 1: of been pulled into and all of the conversations about 176 00:10:32,320 --> 00:10:35,440 Speaker 1: her sexuality was the question. I believe there was a 177 00:10:35,440 --> 00:10:38,240 Speaker 1: conversation that she was her her husband or an a 178 00:10:38,360 --> 00:10:41,400 Speaker 1: polyamorous relationship. So there were so many things about this 179 00:10:41,440 --> 00:10:47,839 Speaker 1: that people were uncomfortable with and used against her. Yeah, Um, 180 00:10:47,880 --> 00:10:53,920 Speaker 1: and I can only imagine. Uh. I did some research 181 00:10:54,160 --> 00:10:56,880 Speaker 1: into this for our episode. We did around sledge shaming 182 00:10:56,920 --> 00:11:02,760 Speaker 1: journalists in India. Um. When something that intimate is posted 183 00:11:03,360 --> 00:11:08,440 Speaker 1: without your consent and then shared, and it's so hard 184 00:11:08,520 --> 00:11:11,160 Speaker 1: to prevent it, to get it taken down, it just 185 00:11:11,320 --> 00:11:14,800 Speaker 1: keeps popping up. And to get the notifications and to 186 00:11:14,880 --> 00:11:17,760 Speaker 1: know that your your friends and family maybe have seen 187 00:11:17,800 --> 00:11:23,760 Speaker 1: these things. UM, it's just devastating. Uh. It makes my 188 00:11:23,840 --> 00:11:26,840 Speaker 1: heart hurt thinking about it. And and the problem too 189 00:11:27,760 --> 00:11:31,680 Speaker 1: that now that we're in this electronic age, you could 190 00:11:31,720 --> 00:11:35,080 Speaker 1: it could not even be your body. They can photoshop 191 00:11:35,080 --> 00:11:38,040 Speaker 1: your head right, someone else's body. They did that with 192 00:11:38,080 --> 00:11:41,280 Speaker 1: Elizabeth Warren and I can't remember, Oh my goodness, who 193 00:11:41,320 --> 00:11:43,400 Speaker 1: was the journal and I say that in quotes, who 194 00:11:43,440 --> 00:11:45,680 Speaker 1: was the person who tried to say that Elizabeth Warren 195 00:11:45,679 --> 00:11:48,000 Speaker 1: had an affair with a very young man and me 196 00:11:48,120 --> 00:11:50,440 Speaker 1: and a cougar. And then they looked at the photo 197 00:11:50,520 --> 00:11:54,360 Speaker 1: and the dude was really bad. Photo shows bad or 198 00:11:54,440 --> 00:11:57,880 Speaker 1: like it was so outdated that it was unreal. Um, 199 00:11:58,120 --> 00:12:00,240 Speaker 1: and they're like, and that's kind of but that's feel 200 00:12:00,320 --> 00:12:02,439 Speaker 1: What if they had taken that seriously? What if someone 201 00:12:02,480 --> 00:12:05,040 Speaker 1: was actually really good at photo shopping. What do you know? 202 00:12:05,640 --> 00:12:09,400 Speaker 1: What if that had happened and her reputation was marred completely? 203 00:12:09,400 --> 00:12:12,199 Speaker 1: And because people are dying to see a scandal, they 204 00:12:12,240 --> 00:12:17,360 Speaker 1: want to believe the worst. Yeah, people believe what they see. Um, 205 00:12:17,400 --> 00:12:20,880 Speaker 1: if we look at Hillary Clinton's presidential run, she was 206 00:12:20,920 --> 00:12:26,479 Speaker 1: regularly vilified for the sexual infidelities and transgressions of her husband. Meanwhile, 207 00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:30,480 Speaker 1: Donald Trump was on tape admitting to infidelity and sexual 208 00:12:30,480 --> 00:12:36,880 Speaker 1: assault himself. Um, so that brings us to gender differences 209 00:12:37,200 --> 00:12:40,520 Speaker 1: and political scandals. What do those look like? You probably 210 00:12:40,559 --> 00:12:43,079 Speaker 1: have some idea, But first it brings us to a 211 00:12:43,120 --> 00:12:58,760 Speaker 1: quick break for word from our sponsor, and we're back, 212 00:12:58,800 --> 00:13:03,800 Speaker 1: Thank you sponsor, And we're back with gender differences and scandals. 213 00:13:04,280 --> 00:13:08,440 Speaker 1: We do judge male and female politicians, and we do 214 00:13:08,640 --> 00:13:11,720 Speaker 1: judge them differently. You can see the episode I did 215 00:13:11,800 --> 00:13:14,120 Speaker 1: with the folks from the Daily Zeit geists around women 216 00:13:14,160 --> 00:13:17,199 Speaker 1: in the question of likability for for more on that, 217 00:13:17,440 --> 00:13:22,680 Speaker 1: because that is the question that follows female politicians, Are 218 00:13:22,760 --> 00:13:25,040 Speaker 1: you likable? Right? And I think that's already been a 219 00:13:25,400 --> 00:13:29,400 Speaker 1: campaign for a majority of the wacause I just don't 220 00:13:29,520 --> 00:13:33,240 Speaker 1: like her, and it doesn't quite make sense. Yeah, a 221 00:13:33,240 --> 00:13:35,360 Speaker 1: lot of my friends when they were saying I'm not 222 00:13:35,400 --> 00:13:37,160 Speaker 1: going to vote for Hillary, and I'd ask why. That's 223 00:13:37,280 --> 00:13:39,640 Speaker 1: almost always they say, I just don't like her, and 224 00:13:39,800 --> 00:13:42,160 Speaker 1: that was it. And I love one of my favorite 225 00:13:42,280 --> 00:13:46,320 Speaker 1: slash horrible things about the that is that people at 226 00:13:46,320 --> 00:13:50,920 Speaker 1: the time they're they're numerous reports Elizabeth Warren is way 227 00:13:50,920 --> 00:13:53,000 Speaker 1: more likable. We should have gone with her. And now 228 00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:56,439 Speaker 1: Elizabeth Warren is right, and she's not likable. She's bed, 229 00:13:56,600 --> 00:13:59,200 Speaker 1: weel at you, right, she yells at you, she tries 230 00:13:59,240 --> 00:14:02,440 Speaker 1: to be too cool, all these things. There are two 231 00:14:02,520 --> 00:14:05,960 Speaker 1: prevailing theories when it comes to public perceptions of gender, 232 00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:11,240 Speaker 1: scandal and electability. Expectancy violations theory involves the various expectations 233 00:14:11,280 --> 00:14:14,080 Speaker 1: we have when it comes to people and how they 234 00:14:14,080 --> 00:14:18,360 Speaker 1: should act, behavedors, speak, what have you. Violating these norms 235 00:14:18,520 --> 00:14:23,600 Speaker 1: generally results in a negative assessment, uncertainty, and lowered perceptions 236 00:14:23,640 --> 00:14:28,720 Speaker 1: of credibility. This theory primarily evaluates communication, either verbal or nonverbal, 237 00:14:29,000 --> 00:14:33,360 Speaker 1: but canon has been applied to political scandal. Gender roles, 238 00:14:33,400 --> 00:14:36,840 Speaker 1: of course, play a huge part in how we expect 239 00:14:37,000 --> 00:14:40,400 Speaker 1: people to behave right and shifting standards. Theory is more 240 00:14:40,440 --> 00:14:43,080 Speaker 1: focused when it comes to predicting how reactions and judgments 241 00:14:43,120 --> 00:14:46,880 Speaker 1: will differ given similar situations, factoring in specific aspects of 242 00:14:46,880 --> 00:14:50,560 Speaker 1: a person's traits, including gender. Uh. These theories are often 243 00:14:50,640 --> 00:14:52,360 Speaker 1: used in conjunctions to get to the root of our 244 00:14:52,440 --> 00:14:56,920 Speaker 1: societal differential reactions to political scanals and men and women 245 00:14:57,240 --> 00:15:01,200 Speaker 1: basically uf stereotypes and violating or reinfor see stereotypes and 246 00:15:01,240 --> 00:15:05,440 Speaker 1: double standards. Pretty much what we're talking about. So stereotypes 247 00:15:05,480 --> 00:15:08,000 Speaker 1: because of the stereotype that women in politics are more 248 00:15:08,040 --> 00:15:12,400 Speaker 1: honest than men, which surprised me honestly, Um, but that's 249 00:15:12,400 --> 00:15:15,320 Speaker 1: what the research is found, or perhaps that people expect 250 00:15:15,400 --> 00:15:19,760 Speaker 1: women to be more honest. Um. They Women are then 251 00:15:19,840 --> 00:15:22,520 Speaker 1: judged more harshly and held to more richard standards when 252 00:15:22,560 --> 00:15:25,920 Speaker 1: they are found to be dishonest as compared to men. 253 00:15:26,480 --> 00:15:29,400 Speaker 1: We use a different set of criteria when judging female 254 00:15:29,440 --> 00:15:32,240 Speaker 1: politicians we as in the Royal we not me and Samantha, 255 00:15:32,520 --> 00:15:37,920 Speaker 1: and these standards are stricter. Therefore, given a similar transaggression, 256 00:15:37,960 --> 00:15:41,320 Speaker 1: women will be judged more harshly than men. Women have 257 00:15:41,640 --> 00:15:45,760 Speaker 1: further to fall. Essentially that results in a significantly higher 258 00:15:45,800 --> 00:15:49,040 Speaker 1: loss of support when it comes to the vote. This 259 00:15:49,080 --> 00:15:52,160 Speaker 1: does depend on the perception and acceptance of gender stereotypes 260 00:15:52,280 --> 00:15:55,440 Speaker 1: of the voter in question. Another piece of this whole 261 00:15:55,480 --> 00:15:58,520 Speaker 1: thing is women still make up less of our politicians, 262 00:15:58,560 --> 00:16:01,800 Speaker 1: and men far less so their watched watched more closely 263 00:16:02,120 --> 00:16:05,560 Speaker 1: in the US. Specifically in the US, yes, perception of 264 00:16:05,600 --> 00:16:09,000 Speaker 1: corruption is generally lower when more women are present in politics. 265 00:16:09,360 --> 00:16:11,200 Speaker 1: If this is true, which a handful of studies have 266 00:16:11,240 --> 00:16:13,720 Speaker 1: suggested it is, it could be a handful of reasons 267 00:16:14,080 --> 00:16:17,440 Speaker 1: women being excluded from male networks of corruption, female candidates 268 00:16:17,520 --> 00:16:22,160 Speaker 1: being overqualified, and female politicians being more risk averse. It 269 00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:24,280 Speaker 1: could also be that women know they are being watched 270 00:16:24,320 --> 00:16:27,600 Speaker 1: more closely and being held to a higher standards. This 271 00:16:27,680 --> 00:16:30,320 Speaker 1: means that more women in politics might decrease the levels 272 00:16:30,360 --> 00:16:34,080 Speaker 1: of corruption and scandal. Other researchers have questioned at this finding, 273 00:16:34,520 --> 00:16:36,640 Speaker 1: or at least pointing to the other reasons governments with 274 00:16:36,720 --> 00:16:40,920 Speaker 1: more female representations may have lower levels of corruption. Freedom 275 00:16:40,920 --> 00:16:42,760 Speaker 1: of press, for example, has been shown to have the 276 00:16:42,800 --> 00:16:46,440 Speaker 1: greatest impact on corruption, which makes a lot of sense, 277 00:16:46,480 --> 00:16:48,840 Speaker 1: And I guess that's even harsher with the fact that 278 00:16:48,880 --> 00:16:52,000 Speaker 1: we have so much access to social media and so 279 00:16:52,040 --> 00:16:56,720 Speaker 1: many people spreading whatever opinion they like, right when it 280 00:16:56,760 --> 00:16:59,880 Speaker 1: comes to sexual scandals, um, these are more in line 281 00:17:00,120 --> 00:17:04,480 Speaker 1: perceived male stereotypes boys will be boys, um, while women 282 00:17:04,520 --> 00:17:08,159 Speaker 1: involved in sexual scandal is violating all kinds of stereotypes 283 00:17:08,200 --> 00:17:11,800 Speaker 1: and brings in fears of women's sexual agency and pleasure. 284 00:17:12,480 --> 00:17:15,320 Speaker 1: The paper we mentioned earlier, Corruption and sexual scandal The 285 00:17:15,359 --> 00:17:18,480 Speaker 1: importance of politicians gender found that female politicians involved in 286 00:17:18,520 --> 00:17:23,560 Speaker 1: scandals were assessed less favorably on all dimensions like electability, morality, 287 00:17:23,600 --> 00:17:28,200 Speaker 1: and competence when compared to male politicians. For male politicians, 288 00:17:28,280 --> 00:17:32,240 Speaker 1: involvement in scandals did not affect competence assessment, contrary to 289 00:17:32,280 --> 00:17:36,360 Speaker 1: what was found for the women. So Another twenty seventeen 290 00:17:36,400 --> 00:17:40,840 Speaker 1: study out of Durham University titled Corruption, Accountability and Gender. 291 00:17:41,200 --> 00:17:44,960 Speaker 1: Do female politicians face higher standards in public life found 292 00:17:44,960 --> 00:17:48,400 Speaker 1: that women punish female politicians involved in scandal more harshly 293 00:17:48,440 --> 00:17:51,320 Speaker 1: than men do, which does not surprising because yeah, you 294 00:17:51,320 --> 00:17:53,199 Speaker 1: do kind of put yourself on a different standards, so 295 00:17:53,240 --> 00:17:55,679 Speaker 1: therefore you would expect to have such a high standard 296 00:17:55,720 --> 00:17:58,240 Speaker 1: of yourself and you wish to be a better person. 297 00:17:59,160 --> 00:18:01,520 Speaker 1: The u N has looked into questions around women and 298 00:18:01,520 --> 00:18:04,199 Speaker 1: coruption as well, not only perception and the differences in 299 00:18:04,240 --> 00:18:07,640 Speaker 1: how women go about corruption, but also the impact corruption 300 00:18:07,720 --> 00:18:11,320 Speaker 1: has on women specifically. According to their data, poor women 301 00:18:11,359 --> 00:18:14,080 Speaker 1: are hit hardest when it comes to petty our retail corruption, 302 00:18:14,400 --> 00:18:18,359 Speaker 1: which is basically when services are sold for a bribe 303 00:18:18,359 --> 00:18:21,040 Speaker 1: instead of provided its services that are basic and should 304 00:18:21,080 --> 00:18:23,920 Speaker 1: be provided for free. This type of corruption is often 305 00:18:24,040 --> 00:18:26,720 Speaker 1: sexualized when women and girls are forced to do sexual 306 00:18:26,760 --> 00:18:29,880 Speaker 1: favors as bribes. And on top of that, since globally, 307 00:18:29,920 --> 00:18:32,199 Speaker 1: women are more likely to be barred from work or 308 00:18:32,320 --> 00:18:35,320 Speaker 1: education and make up a majority of the world's poor, 309 00:18:35,880 --> 00:18:38,560 Speaker 1: they are disempowered when it comes to changing the status 310 00:18:38,600 --> 00:18:43,919 Speaker 1: quo and therefore more disproportionately hit by corruption. Their data 311 00:18:43,920 --> 00:18:46,680 Speaker 1: found that women have been forced to pay bribes even 312 00:18:46,720 --> 00:18:50,600 Speaker 1: in life threatening medical situations and pregnancies for services that 313 00:18:50,640 --> 00:18:54,399 Speaker 1: are supposed to be free. NGOs have been perpetrators of 314 00:18:54,440 --> 00:18:56,800 Speaker 1: sex for food scandals as well, so this is a 315 00:18:56,800 --> 00:19:00,399 Speaker 1: pretty widespread problem. Numbers from two thousand one out of 316 00:19:00,400 --> 00:19:03,880 Speaker 1: Botswana found that sixty seven percent of female respondents reported 317 00:19:03,920 --> 00:19:07,639 Speaker 1: having been harassed by a male professor and ten percent 318 00:19:07,760 --> 00:19:10,400 Speaker 1: agreed to sexual favors out of fears their grades would 319 00:19:10,400 --> 00:19:14,520 Speaker 1: be negatively impacted if they didn't. If this results in 320 00:19:14,680 --> 00:19:18,840 Speaker 1: pregnancy these sexual favors, the female student will most likely 321 00:19:18,840 --> 00:19:23,040 Speaker 1: be expelled, while the male professor will incur no consequences, 322 00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:27,000 Speaker 1: which is gross. So these systems of corruption were to 323 00:19:27,080 --> 00:19:30,440 Speaker 1: keep women out of political office, not having access to networks, 324 00:19:30,520 --> 00:19:33,359 Speaker 1: to money or property to bribe other officials, being asked 325 00:19:33,400 --> 00:19:36,239 Speaker 1: for sexual favors to secure the opportunity to run. And 326 00:19:36,280 --> 00:19:38,920 Speaker 1: these are all barriers that women face at much higher 327 00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:41,600 Speaker 1: rates than men, and studies have found one way to 328 00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:44,520 Speaker 1: address this problem is by having more women in office. 329 00:19:45,760 --> 00:19:49,440 Speaker 1: Similar to the study we mentioned earlier, un also found 330 00:19:49,440 --> 00:19:53,880 Speaker 1: that women worldwide not only more accurately perceived corruption, they 331 00:19:53,880 --> 00:19:56,600 Speaker 1: are also less tolerant of corruption. So that thing that 332 00:19:56,680 --> 00:20:00,560 Speaker 1: you mentioned earlier, Samantha, perhaps women are her your judges 333 00:20:00,920 --> 00:20:04,240 Speaker 1: of female politicians embroiled and scandal, but they might be 334 00:20:04,400 --> 00:20:09,760 Speaker 1: harsher on everyone. Yet another study out, and I wonder 335 00:20:09,800 --> 00:20:12,480 Speaker 1: what could have inspired all these political scandal studies around 336 00:20:12,480 --> 00:20:16,919 Speaker 1: that time. Read quote. We theorize that both hostile and 337 00:20:16,960 --> 00:20:21,080 Speaker 1: benevolent sexists are more likely than non sexist to punish 338 00:20:21,119 --> 00:20:23,919 Speaker 1: women for involvement in a sex scandal, but each for 339 00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:27,400 Speaker 1: different reasons. We posit that women politicians involved in sex 340 00:20:27,440 --> 00:20:31,920 Speaker 1: scandals activate traditional gender norms and challenge men's dominant position 341 00:20:31,960 --> 00:20:35,760 Speaker 1: in the society. Thus provoking hostile sexist to punish women 342 00:20:35,880 --> 00:20:41,400 Speaker 1: more severely than men makes sense to me. Yep, we 343 00:20:41,440 --> 00:20:43,879 Speaker 1: do have some more for you, but first we have 344 00:20:43,920 --> 00:21:00,400 Speaker 1: a quick break for word from our sponsor and are back, 345 00:21:00,520 --> 00:21:08,280 Speaker 1: thank you sponsor. So conclusion, corruption impacts women more. One 346 00:21:08,320 --> 00:21:10,800 Speaker 1: of the ways to combat this is by getting more 347 00:21:10,880 --> 00:21:14,679 Speaker 1: women in office. Female politicians are punished more harshly for 348 00:21:14,760 --> 00:21:18,200 Speaker 1: scandals like corruption and removed from office. Not that people 349 00:21:18,240 --> 00:21:20,040 Speaker 1: who have done wrong shouldn't be removed from office, but 350 00:21:20,040 --> 00:21:23,679 Speaker 1: the consequences should be equal regardless of gender. Otherwise we 351 00:21:23,720 --> 00:21:26,800 Speaker 1: are trapped in this vicious cycle. Right. The UN has 352 00:21:26,840 --> 00:21:30,200 Speaker 1: partnered with various organizations around the world to better measure 353 00:21:30,240 --> 00:21:34,160 Speaker 1: and fight corruption with particularly regards to women and girls. Yeah, 354 00:21:34,160 --> 00:21:37,400 Speaker 1: and you can, um if you want to look that up. 355 00:21:37,440 --> 00:21:41,400 Speaker 1: I highly recommend it. They're just very specific in countries 356 00:21:41,440 --> 00:21:46,120 Speaker 1: and um all over. So yeah, that's our look at 357 00:21:46,840 --> 00:21:51,720 Speaker 1: women and scandal. UM. If there's any scandals that we 358 00:21:51,720 --> 00:21:53,639 Speaker 1: didn't touch on that you would like for us to 359 00:21:54,840 --> 00:21:57,560 Speaker 1: please send them our way are or if you want 360 00:21:57,600 --> 00:22:03,280 Speaker 1: us to expound on one. Um and yeah, just be 361 00:22:03,440 --> 00:22:07,560 Speaker 1: clear again, bad things you should get removed from office, 362 00:22:08,160 --> 00:22:12,320 Speaker 1: right absolutely. Anyone who uses power against someone who is 363 00:22:13,280 --> 00:22:17,800 Speaker 1: um not a power should be pushed or at least 364 00:22:17,840 --> 00:22:23,600 Speaker 1: you know seen. Yeah, justice, And I guess sort of 365 00:22:23,640 --> 00:22:27,400 Speaker 1: related to that, we did want to touch on the 366 00:22:27,440 --> 00:22:30,800 Speaker 1: e r A for a little bit um Equal Rights 367 00:22:30,800 --> 00:22:33,719 Speaker 1: Amendment right alright, So recently we had some elections here 368 00:22:33,760 --> 00:22:37,080 Speaker 1: in the United States led to some pretty significant wins 369 00:22:37,440 --> 00:22:41,879 Speaker 1: for Democrats. Particularly wanted to look at Virginia, which turned blue. 370 00:22:41,960 --> 00:22:44,000 Speaker 1: It flipped, as they say, and this could be a 371 00:22:44,040 --> 00:22:47,760 Speaker 1: big deal for the Equal Rights Amendment and it very briefly, 372 00:22:47,800 --> 00:22:50,919 Speaker 1: this was a constitutional amendment that would give all Americans 373 00:22:51,040 --> 00:22:54,560 Speaker 1: equal legal protections no matter their sex. It was passed 374 00:22:54,560 --> 00:22:58,280 Speaker 1: by the House Senate in nine two, but then enthusiasm 375 00:22:58,359 --> 00:23:02,280 Speaker 1: for it sort of fizzled out. Also was sort of destroyed, 376 00:23:02,640 --> 00:23:05,919 Speaker 1: thanks in part to the anti r A efforts of 377 00:23:05,960 --> 00:23:09,600 Speaker 1: Phyllis Schlafley, who played Ding Dong the which is Dead 378 00:23:10,000 --> 00:23:12,200 Speaker 1: at her party the day the deadline for the ear 379 00:23:12,240 --> 00:23:16,960 Speaker 1: A past. But there's renewed attention to it because in 380 00:23:17,200 --> 00:23:20,760 Speaker 1: becoming a blue states, Virginia might ratify it, and it 381 00:23:20,760 --> 00:23:23,560 Speaker 1: would become the thirty eight state to do so, which 382 00:23:23,560 --> 00:23:26,720 Speaker 1: would bring the e r A up to the three 383 00:23:26,760 --> 00:23:30,840 Speaker 1: force it needs for federal ratification. Another thing that would 384 00:23:30,880 --> 00:23:33,520 Speaker 1: have to happen is Congress changing the deadline for ratification, 385 00:23:33,560 --> 00:23:40,159 Speaker 1: which was originally set for which the Judiciary Committee just approved. Um. Also, 386 00:23:40,359 --> 00:23:44,560 Speaker 1: some states are doing a whole like we ratified it then, 387 00:23:44,600 --> 00:23:46,320 Speaker 1: but we don't want to do it now. So I 388 00:23:46,320 --> 00:23:49,280 Speaker 1: don't know what's going to Tennessee in North Dakota, I 389 00:23:49,320 --> 00:23:52,760 Speaker 1: think so. Yeah. Um, if ratified, the e r A 390 00:23:52,880 --> 00:23:56,480 Speaker 1: would touch on all kinds of things protection against pregnancy discrimination, 391 00:23:56,640 --> 00:24:00,959 Speaker 1: pay equity, maternity and paternity leave, and domestic violence laws. Right. 392 00:24:00,960 --> 00:24:03,400 Speaker 1: It's definitely something to watch as the House has two 393 00:24:04,160 --> 00:24:06,240 Speaker 1: sponsors with them voting by the end of the year, 394 00:24:06,680 --> 00:24:09,760 Speaker 1: and does have actually a couple of Republican sponsors from 395 00:24:09,760 --> 00:24:12,560 Speaker 1: Alaska and Maine. So that's cool. And the likelihood of 396 00:24:12,560 --> 00:24:15,320 Speaker 1: it hitting the Supreme Court is very very high, So 397 00:24:15,400 --> 00:24:18,719 Speaker 1: that's kind of tedious in itself and something we all 398 00:24:18,720 --> 00:24:22,280 Speaker 1: need to pay attention to for sure. Yeah, I'm certain 399 00:24:22,359 --> 00:24:26,960 Speaker 1: we will be talking about that again in the coming months. Right. 400 00:24:27,080 --> 00:24:29,760 Speaker 1: So I just wanted to put that update in there. 401 00:24:30,960 --> 00:24:34,320 Speaker 1: Keep I guess keep any are out or an eye 402 00:24:34,320 --> 00:24:38,200 Speaker 1: out for any news I like it out. Yeah, I 403 00:24:38,280 --> 00:24:41,680 Speaker 1: gotta keep your ears out and we will be keeping 404 00:24:41,680 --> 00:24:44,960 Speaker 1: an ears out for any news from you. I guess 405 00:24:44,960 --> 00:24:48,240 Speaker 1: it would be eyes out. Now I'm confusing myself anyway, 406 00:24:48,520 --> 00:24:52,440 Speaker 1: just beyond the well on the account. Well, that doesn't 407 00:24:52,440 --> 00:24:56,240 Speaker 1: make sense either, does that? We have confusers pay attention? 408 00:24:56,320 --> 00:24:58,760 Speaker 1: How about that? We'll just pay attention? So what will 409 00:24:58,840 --> 00:25:04,040 Speaker 1: excitedly wait to hear from you? Listeners? You can email 410 00:25:04,160 --> 00:25:07,360 Speaker 1: us at stuff Media, mom Stuff at iHeart media dot com, 411 00:25:07,400 --> 00:25:09,399 Speaker 1: and you can find us on Twitter at mom Stuff 412 00:25:09,440 --> 00:25:12,359 Speaker 1: podcast or on Instagram at stuff I've Never told You. 413 00:25:12,640 --> 00:25:15,879 Speaker 1: Thanks it's always to our super producer Andrew Howard, and 414 00:25:16,160 --> 00:25:18,879 Speaker 1: thanks to you for listening. Stuff owner told you. The 415 00:25:18,880 --> 00:25:21,159 Speaker 1: production of I Heart Radio is how Stuff works. For 416 00:25:21,240 --> 00:25:23,200 Speaker 1: more podcasts from my Heart radiovi is the I Heart 417 00:25:23,240 --> 00:25:25,520 Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your 418 00:25:25,520 --> 00:25:26,159 Speaker 1: favorite shows