1 00:00:04,160 --> 00:00:06,680 Speaker 1: Hey, and welcome to the short stuff. Josh here, chuck here, 2 00:00:06,840 --> 00:00:07,520 Speaker 1: giddy up. 3 00:00:08,960 --> 00:00:11,000 Speaker 2: Yeah, we're going to tell you in part about a 4 00:00:11,119 --> 00:00:15,600 Speaker 2: remarkable young teenager in Tanzania in the nineteen sixties, and 5 00:00:15,640 --> 00:00:17,120 Speaker 2: his name was Rasto im Pimba. 6 00:00:18,120 --> 00:00:24,599 Speaker 1: Is it Impemba, It's in Pimpa, Okay. The reason why 7 00:00:24,600 --> 00:00:27,440 Speaker 1: we're talking about Rasto and Pemba today is because he 8 00:00:27,560 --> 00:00:31,840 Speaker 1: was a pretty remarkable kid. He stumbled upon I guess 9 00:00:31,880 --> 00:00:37,040 Speaker 1: you could say rediscovered a concept that just baffles physicists 10 00:00:37,080 --> 00:00:41,000 Speaker 1: today because it doesn't make any sense, it may violate 11 00:00:41,080 --> 00:00:45,279 Speaker 1: the second law of thermodynamics. And it ended up being 12 00:00:45,360 --> 00:00:48,199 Speaker 1: named after him because he was a persistent little cuss 13 00:00:48,640 --> 00:00:51,640 Speaker 1: who made this observation and just kept going until he 14 00:00:51,680 --> 00:00:53,960 Speaker 1: finally got the ear of somebody who could help him 15 00:00:54,120 --> 00:00:55,160 Speaker 1: try to figure it out. 16 00:00:55,560 --> 00:00:58,000 Speaker 2: You know, the first law of thermodynamics is you don't 17 00:00:58,000 --> 00:00:59,280 Speaker 2: talk about thermo dynamics. 18 00:01:00,960 --> 00:01:02,800 Speaker 1: I was thinking about that movie the other day. I 19 00:01:02,840 --> 00:01:04,440 Speaker 1: was like, I used to be so into that, and 20 00:01:04,480 --> 00:01:05,920 Speaker 1: now I'm so juvenile. 21 00:01:06,280 --> 00:01:06,560 Speaker 3: I know. 22 00:01:06,920 --> 00:01:09,080 Speaker 2: I almost put it on the other day as a 23 00:01:09,160 --> 00:01:12,640 Speaker 2: laundry folding movie, which I like to do just to 24 00:01:12,680 --> 00:01:17,559 Speaker 2: see parts of And I. 25 00:01:16,080 --> 00:01:17,480 Speaker 3: Had the same thought. I was like, I don't know 26 00:01:17,480 --> 00:01:19,399 Speaker 3: if I just even want to go down that road again. 27 00:01:19,600 --> 00:01:22,360 Speaker 1: Yeah, because it exists happily in the past, you know 28 00:01:22,400 --> 00:01:25,720 Speaker 1: what I mean exactly? I heard at the premiere Brad 29 00:01:25,720 --> 00:01:27,840 Speaker 1: Pitt leaned over to Edward Norton and said, I'll never 30 00:01:27,880 --> 00:01:32,000 Speaker 1: be in a movie this cool again, And he was right. 31 00:01:32,400 --> 00:01:36,280 Speaker 1: I think he was. So. Yeah, we're talking about Arresto 32 00:01:36,360 --> 00:01:40,080 Speaker 1: and Pemba because he discovered what's called the Mpemba effect 33 00:01:40,160 --> 00:01:42,319 Speaker 1: after him, and I think I said earlier that he 34 00:01:42,440 --> 00:01:46,399 Speaker 1: rediscovered it. It was first noticed by Aristotle, or at 35 00:01:46,480 --> 00:01:48,440 Speaker 1: least it was first written about all the way back 36 00:01:48,520 --> 00:01:53,040 Speaker 1: to Aristotle. Medieval scientist Roger Bacon mentioned it as well, 37 00:01:53,120 --> 00:01:56,960 Speaker 1: so did the Enlightenment philosopher Renee des Cartes. And what 38 00:01:57,120 --> 00:02:00,080 Speaker 1: they all noticed and what Erastom and Pemba got his 39 00:02:00,080 --> 00:02:05,520 Speaker 1: his name attached to, is that hot liquids placed in 40 00:02:05,560 --> 00:02:11,040 Speaker 1: a freezer can freeze faster than cool liquids placed in 41 00:02:11,120 --> 00:02:14,240 Speaker 1: the same freezer at the same time. It makes no 42 00:02:14,360 --> 00:02:15,320 Speaker 1: sense whatsoever. 43 00:02:15,840 --> 00:02:18,480 Speaker 2: Yeah, he discovered this as a thirteen year old. He 44 00:02:18,560 --> 00:02:21,200 Speaker 2: was in class in Tanzania and they were making in 45 00:02:21,240 --> 00:02:23,920 Speaker 2: school and they were making ice cream as a class. 46 00:02:24,360 --> 00:02:25,880 Speaker 2: I don't know if that was for fun or if 47 00:02:25,919 --> 00:02:27,799 Speaker 2: it was part of science. I like to think it's 48 00:02:27,880 --> 00:02:31,680 Speaker 2: part of science. But regardless, he you know, they added 49 00:02:31,680 --> 00:02:34,440 Speaker 2: sugar to the boiling fresh milk. You let it cool, 50 00:02:34,560 --> 00:02:36,000 Speaker 2: you put it in a container, you put it in 51 00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:38,800 Speaker 2: the freezer. They were doing this again another day. I 52 00:02:38,800 --> 00:02:40,239 Speaker 2: bet they just like it ice cream now, then I 53 00:02:40,280 --> 00:02:44,360 Speaker 2: think about it. Sure, he was like, Hey, the freezer 54 00:02:44,400 --> 00:02:46,000 Speaker 2: space is getting low, and I want to make my 55 00:02:46,040 --> 00:02:48,440 Speaker 2: special ice cream. So he's like, I'm not going to 56 00:02:48,520 --> 00:02:49,920 Speaker 2: let this stuff cool down. I'm just going to go 57 00:02:49,919 --> 00:02:52,959 Speaker 2: grab that spot while it's available. And an hour and 58 00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:57,120 Speaker 2: a half later he was like, hey, everybody, my ice 59 00:02:57,120 --> 00:02:58,520 Speaker 2: cream is ready before yours. 60 00:02:58,840 --> 00:02:59,519 Speaker 3: In your face. 61 00:03:00,120 --> 00:03:02,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, and he said, but that doesn't make any sense 62 00:03:02,520 --> 00:03:05,880 Speaker 1: because I put that hot milk in, so why would 63 00:03:05,919 --> 00:03:08,680 Speaker 1: mine have frozen at all? And he went to his teacher, 64 00:03:09,320 --> 00:03:12,080 Speaker 1: and his teacher said, I got too much to deal with, 65 00:03:12,160 --> 00:03:14,320 Speaker 1: so you run along, Rasto. 66 00:03:14,560 --> 00:03:16,280 Speaker 3: Yeah, I'm not curious like you. 67 00:03:16,320 --> 00:03:19,839 Speaker 1: No, and Erasto was undeterred over the years. Teacher after 68 00:03:19,960 --> 00:03:21,959 Speaker 1: teacher as he made his way through middle school and 69 00:03:22,000 --> 00:03:25,360 Speaker 1: the high school, he would talk to them about this 70 00:03:25,440 --> 00:03:28,240 Speaker 1: discovery and he was dismissed by all of them. And 71 00:03:28,280 --> 00:03:31,320 Speaker 1: then finally, one day at his high school, a physicist 72 00:03:31,760 --> 00:03:35,360 Speaker 1: who was a visiting physicist to the University of Darus Salam. 73 00:03:35,800 --> 00:03:39,320 Speaker 1: He was a British guy named Dennis Osborne. He came 74 00:03:39,360 --> 00:03:42,680 Speaker 1: to give a lecture and Rasto and Pemba saw his 75 00:03:42,800 --> 00:03:46,320 Speaker 1: chance and said, Professor Osborne, I've got something that may 76 00:03:46,520 --> 00:03:49,280 Speaker 1: knock your socks off. Check this out, do. 77 00:03:49,240 --> 00:03:51,200 Speaker 2: You think In the teacher's lounge over the years, everyone 78 00:03:51,280 --> 00:03:55,040 Speaker 2: was like, hey, has and Pimba hit. 79 00:03:54,960 --> 00:03:56,440 Speaker 3: You up about this ice cream business. 80 00:03:57,080 --> 00:03:57,320 Speaker 2: Yes. 81 00:03:57,480 --> 00:04:01,080 Speaker 1: Yeah, they're all drinking wine and rolling, so annoying. 82 00:04:00,720 --> 00:04:03,080 Speaker 3: All the scientific curiosity out of this kid. 83 00:04:03,160 --> 00:04:06,880 Speaker 1: I know. Luckily, Dennis Osbourne was like, ooh, I like that. 84 00:04:07,000 --> 00:04:08,920 Speaker 1: Let's talk a little more about it. 85 00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:12,400 Speaker 2: He likes this kid, and they he invited him in 86 00:04:12,440 --> 00:04:15,480 Speaker 2: to you know, to perform experiments to see if it worked. 87 00:04:15,880 --> 00:04:18,600 Speaker 2: And then by nineteen sixty nine, I guess Impemba is 88 00:04:19,080 --> 00:04:21,120 Speaker 2: nineteen years old. By this point, they had written a 89 00:04:21,320 --> 00:04:24,799 Speaker 2: paper on this phenomenon and he was like, hey, buddy, 90 00:04:24,839 --> 00:04:25,880 Speaker 2: we got a name after you. 91 00:04:26,800 --> 00:04:29,520 Speaker 1: Yeah, which I'm sure he was like, heckynah, let's take 92 00:04:29,560 --> 00:04:31,000 Speaker 1: a break and we'll talk a little more about the 93 00:04:31,000 --> 00:04:54,720 Speaker 1: Impemba effect itself. How about that, right, Okay, Chuck. So, 94 00:04:55,000 --> 00:04:57,920 Speaker 1: the reason that the Mpemba effect is so strange is because, 95 00:04:58,279 --> 00:05:03,040 Speaker 1: according to the laws of thermae dynamics, molecules that are 96 00:05:03,080 --> 00:05:07,440 Speaker 1: moving much faster than other molecules in say, like a 97 00:05:07,520 --> 00:05:11,159 Speaker 1: hot liquid and a cold liquid, they take longer to 98 00:05:11,240 --> 00:05:15,000 Speaker 1: slow down. And part of the very process of slowing 99 00:05:15,040 --> 00:05:17,320 Speaker 1: down temperature, by the way, as a measurement of the 100 00:05:17,440 --> 00:05:21,480 Speaker 1: excitement or movement of molecules in a substance, right, part 101 00:05:21,520 --> 00:05:24,440 Speaker 1: of the process of slowing down is that it takes time. 102 00:05:25,160 --> 00:05:28,280 Speaker 1: So it makes no sense intuitively, but also according to 103 00:05:28,320 --> 00:05:32,599 Speaker 1: the laws of physics that a hot liquid with faster 104 00:05:32,680 --> 00:05:36,159 Speaker 1: moving molecules could get to the point of freezing faster 105 00:05:36,520 --> 00:05:39,840 Speaker 1: than a cooler liquid with slower moving molecules, because they're 106 00:05:39,880 --> 00:05:42,760 Speaker 1: both trying to get to the point where they stop 107 00:05:42,839 --> 00:05:45,200 Speaker 1: moving in are solid blocks of ice. 108 00:05:45,760 --> 00:05:48,800 Speaker 2: Yeah, it would just make intuitive sense that something colder 109 00:05:48,839 --> 00:05:52,440 Speaker 2: and closer to that temperature would do it faster. You 110 00:05:52,480 --> 00:05:55,840 Speaker 2: can also observe this if you go out in Let's 111 00:05:55,839 --> 00:06:00,240 Speaker 2: say you live in Minneapolis and it's January. You go 112 00:06:00,279 --> 00:06:02,960 Speaker 2: outside with a cup of warm water and throw it 113 00:06:03,000 --> 00:06:06,239 Speaker 2: into the air. That will go into an icy mist 114 00:06:06,360 --> 00:06:09,599 Speaker 2: instantaneously if it's cold enough. If you do that same 115 00:06:09,600 --> 00:06:11,479 Speaker 2: thing with a glass of cold water, that won't happen. 116 00:06:12,200 --> 00:06:14,039 Speaker 1: No, yeah, are you serious? 117 00:06:14,279 --> 00:06:15,279 Speaker 3: Yeah? 118 00:06:15,320 --> 00:06:16,320 Speaker 1: Are you pulling my leg? 119 00:06:16,560 --> 00:06:16,600 Speaker 3: No? 120 00:06:16,720 --> 00:06:19,039 Speaker 2: I mean that's I saw a video of it, and 121 00:06:19,080 --> 00:06:21,760 Speaker 2: that's what they say. Is another example that's really great. 122 00:06:21,800 --> 00:06:23,840 Speaker 3: I don't have first hand experience because it doesn't get 123 00:06:23,839 --> 00:06:24,400 Speaker 3: that cold here. 124 00:06:24,839 --> 00:06:25,520 Speaker 1: Very cool though. 125 00:06:26,279 --> 00:06:26,359 Speaker 3: No. 126 00:06:26,520 --> 00:06:28,760 Speaker 1: Instead, you can fry an egg on a sidewalk, am 127 00:06:28,800 --> 00:06:29,479 Speaker 1: I right? Yeah? 128 00:06:29,640 --> 00:06:29,880 Speaker 3: Right? 129 00:06:30,880 --> 00:06:33,680 Speaker 1: So I guess essentially a good analogy that I came 130 00:06:33,760 --> 00:06:35,600 Speaker 1: up with, That's why I think it's good is that 131 00:06:35,720 --> 00:06:39,960 Speaker 1: Erasso and Pemba basically found that there's a foot race 132 00:06:40,080 --> 00:06:45,719 Speaker 1: between like hot water and cold water, and that, well, 133 00:06:45,880 --> 00:06:48,159 Speaker 1: I screwed up my analogy already, Chuck, do you want 134 00:06:48,160 --> 00:06:48,520 Speaker 1: to take it? 135 00:06:49,279 --> 00:06:52,359 Speaker 2: I believe that there's a foot race, but one racer 136 00:06:52,400 --> 00:06:56,120 Speaker 2: has started sooner, yet the one behind gets there quicker, 137 00:06:57,120 --> 00:06:59,280 Speaker 2: even though they should supposedly be running at the same 138 00:06:59,320 --> 00:07:04,720 Speaker 2: rate of speed. This happens at braves games. Oh and 139 00:07:04,760 --> 00:07:06,920 Speaker 2: you know what, it's mister Freeze who they're racing. 140 00:07:07,000 --> 00:07:07,680 Speaker 3: Isn't that funny? 141 00:07:07,960 --> 00:07:10,680 Speaker 1: Oh wow. So they're clearly fans of the Mpemba effect. 142 00:07:10,800 --> 00:07:14,040 Speaker 2: There's a track, clearly a track guy dressed up as 143 00:07:14,080 --> 00:07:17,640 Speaker 2: mister Freeze and they let a person from the stands. 144 00:07:17,640 --> 00:07:20,040 Speaker 2: They bring him down in the outfield and they they 145 00:07:20,080 --> 00:07:22,280 Speaker 2: give them a pretty long, like a quarter of the 146 00:07:22,320 --> 00:07:26,120 Speaker 2: distance head start, and then mister Freeze starts and you 147 00:07:26,920 --> 00:07:30,640 Speaker 2: almost always lose. But a young woman the other day 148 00:07:30,760 --> 00:07:34,000 Speaker 2: beat mister Freeze and it was it's on YouTube. It's 149 00:07:34,120 --> 00:07:35,960 Speaker 2: very cool to watch because you could tell that she 150 00:07:36,040 --> 00:07:36,880 Speaker 2: knew what she was doing. 151 00:07:37,280 --> 00:07:38,760 Speaker 3: Nice because she was. 152 00:07:39,480 --> 00:07:42,600 Speaker 2: Not running that hard until mister Freeze went. She was 153 00:07:42,680 --> 00:07:44,880 Speaker 2: running at a decent clip. And then as soon as 154 00:07:44,920 --> 00:07:48,080 Speaker 2: they hit the timer for mister Freeze to start, she kicked. 155 00:07:47,840 --> 00:07:51,080 Speaker 3: It into the next gear wow and whipped him. It 156 00:07:51,120 --> 00:07:51,480 Speaker 3: was great. 157 00:07:51,800 --> 00:07:55,680 Speaker 1: That's awesome. I remember they used to have giant hammers 158 00:07:55,720 --> 00:07:59,120 Speaker 1: and rulers and stuff. Oh they started on depot racing. Yeah, 159 00:07:59,160 --> 00:08:02,680 Speaker 1: they have multiple whole races at Home Braves Games. Now. 160 00:08:02,800 --> 00:08:05,160 Speaker 2: Yeah, they got mister Freeze and they have the home 161 00:08:05,240 --> 00:08:06,559 Speaker 2: Depot hammer drill. 162 00:08:07,720 --> 00:08:08,840 Speaker 3: I can't remember what the third. 163 00:08:08,640 --> 00:08:11,600 Speaker 1: One was, so silly. I gotta go this year man. 164 00:08:12,640 --> 00:08:15,200 Speaker 3: Yeah, I've been to a few games. Well, let's go 165 00:08:15,720 --> 00:08:16,480 Speaker 3: they stink? 166 00:08:18,000 --> 00:08:18,520 Speaker 1: Oh really? 167 00:08:18,760 --> 00:08:21,600 Speaker 3: Oh yeah, the braves are terrible this year. It's very 168 00:08:21,600 --> 00:08:23,520 Speaker 3: big disappointment. But you know, what are you gonna do? 169 00:08:24,200 --> 00:08:27,520 Speaker 1: Or braves? So yeah, that was a great analogy, Chuck, 170 00:08:27,560 --> 00:08:28,000 Speaker 1: way to go. 171 00:08:28,280 --> 00:08:28,600 Speaker 3: Thanks. 172 00:08:29,160 --> 00:08:33,000 Speaker 1: So it turns out that answering this weird problem has 173 00:08:33,040 --> 00:08:36,280 Speaker 1: been trickier than you'd think, Trickier than physicists thought. Yeah, 174 00:08:36,320 --> 00:08:40,240 Speaker 1: because some physicists conducting experiments and the Mpemba effect have 175 00:08:40,400 --> 00:08:44,160 Speaker 1: shown yep, this is definitely a thing. Other experimenters have 176 00:08:44,520 --> 00:08:46,719 Speaker 1: not turned up any results, and they're like, no, I 177 00:08:46,760 --> 00:08:49,400 Speaker 1: don't know what you're talking about. And so the fact 178 00:08:49,400 --> 00:08:52,320 Speaker 1: that it happens under some cases and not others is 179 00:08:52,360 --> 00:08:57,280 Speaker 1: not only even weirder, it also suggests to dissenters. People 180 00:08:57,320 --> 00:08:59,520 Speaker 1: are like, there's no such thing as the Impemba effect. Yeah, 181 00:08:59,520 --> 00:09:04,000 Speaker 1: but there's some variable that some experimenters aren't taking into effect. 182 00:09:04,520 --> 00:09:08,080 Speaker 1: It could be different mineral contents in the water. It 183 00:09:08,080 --> 00:09:11,160 Speaker 1: could be convection cells in the warmer water are causing 184 00:09:11,200 --> 00:09:13,880 Speaker 1: it to freeze faster. It could be that our freezers 185 00:09:14,280 --> 00:09:17,400 Speaker 1: work harder on warmer air than cooler air, so it'll 186 00:09:17,400 --> 00:09:20,120 Speaker 1: freeze faster in a freezer. They don't know, but they're like, 187 00:09:20,240 --> 00:09:22,480 Speaker 1: there's no such thing as the Impemba effect. It's really 188 00:09:22,559 --> 00:09:26,920 Speaker 1: just some mistaken variable in the experiments. 189 00:09:27,040 --> 00:09:27,760 Speaker 3: Yeah, for sure. 190 00:09:28,040 --> 00:09:30,760 Speaker 2: And there's also a long argument about this about what 191 00:09:30,880 --> 00:09:33,080 Speaker 2: freezing first actually means, Like you have to if you're 192 00:09:33,120 --> 00:09:34,679 Speaker 2: gonna do something like this, you got to agree what 193 00:09:34,760 --> 00:09:39,280 Speaker 2: that when you're technically freezing and who got there first. 194 00:09:40,040 --> 00:09:42,360 Speaker 2: It's not like mister Freeze running across that finish line 195 00:09:42,360 --> 00:09:43,920 Speaker 2: and hitting his chest to that tape. 196 00:09:44,360 --> 00:09:47,880 Speaker 3: No, that's obvious. So you got to agree on freeze first? 197 00:09:48,640 --> 00:09:50,319 Speaker 2: Is that? Like, hey, is it the first one to 198 00:09:50,360 --> 00:09:54,520 Speaker 2: reach thirty two degrees fahrenheit zero degree celsius if it 199 00:09:54,559 --> 00:09:57,000 Speaker 2: starts to form ice crystals, if it's good enough to 200 00:09:57,000 --> 00:10:00,440 Speaker 2: put in a cocktail without getting too water down. And 201 00:10:00,440 --> 00:10:04,880 Speaker 2: I'm gonna let you take MIT's engineering school response because 202 00:10:04,880 --> 00:10:08,400 Speaker 2: it was very actually, guys, and not at all helpful. 203 00:10:08,640 --> 00:10:10,800 Speaker 1: It totally was. There was a blog post by them 204 00:10:10,840 --> 00:10:14,240 Speaker 1: that basically said, all liquids freeze at the same rate 205 00:10:14,280 --> 00:10:17,839 Speaker 1: once they reach the freezing temperature, so no liquid can 206 00:10:17,880 --> 00:10:21,160 Speaker 1: technically freeze faster than another. And you got the impression 207 00:10:21,240 --> 00:10:23,800 Speaker 1: they really thought that they had solved the Impemba effect. 208 00:10:24,120 --> 00:10:26,720 Speaker 3: Yeah, that's not what we're talking about. Mit, No, the 209 00:10:27,040 --> 00:10:28,040 Speaker 3: one is talking about that. 210 00:10:28,480 --> 00:10:30,679 Speaker 1: No, the rest of the world is like, Nope, we're 211 00:10:30,720 --> 00:10:32,800 Speaker 1: talking about if you put a warm cup of water 212 00:10:32,880 --> 00:10:34,600 Speaker 1: and a cool cup of water in a freezer at 213 00:10:34,600 --> 00:10:38,360 Speaker 1: the same time, not once, what happens once they reach freezing. 214 00:10:40,240 --> 00:10:42,960 Speaker 1: So if you even if you say, okay, we're going 215 00:10:43,040 --> 00:10:45,040 Speaker 1: to talk about, like we're going to use as the 216 00:10:45,080 --> 00:10:48,400 Speaker 1: milestone or the finish line, which of these things gets 217 00:10:48,440 --> 00:10:52,520 Speaker 1: to thirty two years farentheight or zero degrees celsius first 218 00:10:52,840 --> 00:10:57,360 Speaker 1: the freezing point. Yeah, there's still a big discrepancy in 219 00:10:57,720 --> 00:11:00,959 Speaker 1: how you track this kind of stuff. Yeah, and different 220 00:11:01,080 --> 00:11:04,360 Speaker 1: experimenters have been using essentially what you call like different stopwatches, 221 00:11:04,400 --> 00:11:06,600 Speaker 1: even though they're not actually standing there with a stopwatch. 222 00:11:06,960 --> 00:11:10,280 Speaker 1: And it wasn't until some researchers from Kyoto in twenty 223 00:11:10,320 --> 00:11:14,560 Speaker 1: twenty five basically figured out a measurement standard that any 224 00:11:14,640 --> 00:11:17,720 Speaker 1: lab could use to test the Mpemba effect. So now 225 00:11:18,520 --> 00:11:21,200 Speaker 1: all of these experiments are going to be comparing apples 226 00:11:21,200 --> 00:11:23,280 Speaker 1: to apples for results and hopefully we'll get to the 227 00:11:23,320 --> 00:11:23,920 Speaker 1: bottom of it. 228 00:11:24,280 --> 00:11:26,520 Speaker 2: Yeah, for sure, this is the part that I think 229 00:11:26,600 --> 00:11:31,000 Speaker 2: is the coolest is that some researchers out there are like, hey, 230 00:11:31,600 --> 00:11:35,440 Speaker 2: I guess in principle, I agree that we're not noticing 231 00:11:35,480 --> 00:11:38,280 Speaker 2: some variable, but we feel like we've accounted for all 232 00:11:38,320 --> 00:11:42,960 Speaker 2: the variables and perhaps there might be some unknown variable 233 00:11:43,000 --> 00:11:44,319 Speaker 2: that we haven't discovered yet. 234 00:11:44,679 --> 00:11:48,120 Speaker 1: Yeah, like some force or effect in nature that's just 235 00:11:48,280 --> 00:11:51,079 Speaker 1: undiscovered that we're seeing in the Mpemba effect. Yeah, I'd 236 00:11:51,080 --> 00:11:53,600 Speaker 1: love that to you. So you might say, like, Okay, 237 00:11:53,640 --> 00:11:57,080 Speaker 1: aside from just science being curious and wanting to know 238 00:11:57,120 --> 00:11:59,439 Speaker 1: the answers to everything, like what's the point in studying 239 00:11:59,440 --> 00:12:02,200 Speaker 1: the by effect? And I was very surprised to find 240 00:12:02,240 --> 00:12:05,360 Speaker 1: that there's a lot of reasons to understand this that 241 00:12:05,600 --> 00:12:11,160 Speaker 1: just knowing how fluid dynamics or systems under fluid dynamics 242 00:12:11,800 --> 00:12:17,120 Speaker 1: relax or cool it would actually open up or overcome 243 00:12:17,120 --> 00:12:20,840 Speaker 1: a huge hurdle that quantum computing is facing right now. 244 00:12:21,280 --> 00:12:23,400 Speaker 1: They have to figure out how to get quibits, which 245 00:12:23,440 --> 00:12:26,760 Speaker 1: are the quantum computing version of ones and zeros and 246 00:12:26,800 --> 00:12:30,600 Speaker 1: traditional computers back to their ground state as fast as possible. 247 00:12:30,920 --> 00:12:34,120 Speaker 1: So if you can figure out how something like molecules 248 00:12:34,280 --> 00:12:38,600 Speaker 1: stop moving faster than cool molecules, hot molecules. You might 249 00:12:38,600 --> 00:12:40,640 Speaker 1: be able to apply that to quantum computing, and that 250 00:12:40,679 --> 00:12:41,880 Speaker 1: would be a huge leap. 251 00:12:41,679 --> 00:12:45,960 Speaker 2: Forward for it, totally, Yeah, because cooling those things down 252 00:12:46,040 --> 00:12:47,960 Speaker 2: takes a lot of energy, and I want to do 253 00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:53,440 Speaker 2: an episode about the AI's environmental cost at some point soon. 254 00:12:53,880 --> 00:12:58,520 Speaker 1: Okay, Sure, you could also develop new sensors, new materials, 255 00:12:58,679 --> 00:13:03,040 Speaker 1: and at the base you could also make better freezers 256 00:13:03,080 --> 00:13:04,840 Speaker 1: and refrigerators. 257 00:13:04,080 --> 00:13:05,440 Speaker 3: Too, Yeah, for sure. 258 00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:09,720 Speaker 2: As for Impimba himself, he overcame a lot of obstacles 259 00:13:09,720 --> 00:13:12,320 Speaker 2: to eventually have a nice long career as a game warden, 260 00:13:12,960 --> 00:13:15,120 Speaker 2: and very sadly just passed away a couple of years 261 00:13:15,120 --> 00:13:16,720 Speaker 2: ago in twenty twenty three. 262 00:13:16,920 --> 00:13:19,720 Speaker 1: But he was older, right, twenty Yes, seventy three. 263 00:13:19,800 --> 00:13:21,960 Speaker 3: That's not yeah, and it's not a bad life. But 264 00:13:22,600 --> 00:13:24,960 Speaker 3: our scientific curiosity had his off to you. 265 00:13:25,040 --> 00:13:27,960 Speaker 1: Sir, Yes, And that means short stuff is appen. 266 00:13:31,200 --> 00:13:34,080 Speaker 3: Stuff you should know is a production of iHeartRadio. For 267 00:13:34,160 --> 00:13:38,360 Speaker 3: more podcasts my Heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, 268 00:13:38,480 --> 00:13:45,760 Speaker 3: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.