1 00:00:00,560 --> 00:00:02,760 Speaker 1: Okay, so we've got to talk about the elephant in 2 00:00:02,759 --> 00:00:05,640 Speaker 1: the room. As soon as we thought that the list, 3 00:00:06,160 --> 00:00:08,719 Speaker 1: like you couldn't pile anymore on top of us. In 4 00:00:08,760 --> 00:00:13,239 Speaker 1: twenty twenty, we've had enough. Then y'all started shooting off 5 00:00:13,280 --> 00:00:15,120 Speaker 1: fireworks every day. 6 00:00:15,160 --> 00:00:17,840 Speaker 2: But what are we celebrating? I don't know. And that's 7 00:00:17,880 --> 00:00:20,439 Speaker 2: the thing. It's like all the rules have been broken, 8 00:00:20,760 --> 00:00:24,040 Speaker 2: like people are. I heard fireworks two nights ago in 9 00:00:24,079 --> 00:00:26,640 Speaker 2: my neighborhood. I heard fireworks during the day. 10 00:00:26,920 --> 00:00:30,800 Speaker 1: We can't even see those anywhere, you though, what's happening. 11 00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:35,600 Speaker 2: I'm t T and I'm Zachiah and from Spotify. 12 00:00:35,840 --> 00:00:56,840 Speaker 1: This is Dope Labs. 13 00:01:00,920 --> 00:01:12,560 Speaker 2: Okay, Zee, listen to this. What is that? 14 00:01:12,840 --> 00:01:14,759 Speaker 1: I know you know this sound because it has been 15 00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:18,320 Speaker 1: keeping us all up at night. It should have sent 16 00:01:18,440 --> 00:01:24,880 Speaker 1: shivers down your spine. Is the fireworks and this sounds specifically, 17 00:01:25,360 --> 00:01:29,520 Speaker 1: are fireworks in my neighborhood that I was hearing at 18 00:01:29,640 --> 00:01:31,080 Speaker 1: night not too long ago. 19 00:01:31,840 --> 00:01:35,520 Speaker 2: I don't know what's going on. Did everybody get together? 20 00:01:35,600 --> 00:01:38,360 Speaker 1: I mean I missed the meeting because I didn't get 21 00:01:38,480 --> 00:01:40,679 Speaker 1: any fireworks. I don't know who was handing them out 22 00:01:40,760 --> 00:01:43,680 Speaker 1: or what. But it's mind boggling, and it's driving a 23 00:01:43,720 --> 00:01:45,800 Speaker 1: lot of people nuts. I've seen a lot of people 24 00:01:45,880 --> 00:01:51,440 Speaker 1: ranting on Twitter and on Instagram about fireworks and being 25 00:01:51,560 --> 00:01:54,720 Speaker 1: kept up late because of fireworks and how it's driving 26 00:01:54,760 --> 00:01:55,280 Speaker 1: them crazy. 27 00:01:55,440 --> 00:01:58,880 Speaker 2: I was initially thinking, Okay, this is just limited to 28 00:01:58,920 --> 00:02:01,160 Speaker 2: the Internet, these are jokes. But then The New York 29 00:02:01,200 --> 00:02:04,800 Speaker 2: Times ran a piece talking about the conspiracy theories, and 30 00:02:04,840 --> 00:02:07,840 Speaker 2: that told me that we needed to investigate. So today's 31 00:02:07,920 --> 00:02:10,960 Speaker 2: lab is all about fireworks. We're going to tell you 32 00:02:11,200 --> 00:02:15,280 Speaker 2: exactly how they work and what you should probably consider 33 00:02:15,360 --> 00:02:18,520 Speaker 2: before you jump in on this. Let's get into the recitation. 34 00:02:21,560 --> 00:02:23,760 Speaker 2: So what do we know? I know people keep setting 35 00:02:23,760 --> 00:02:25,760 Speaker 2: the fireworks off I know that they're supposed to be 36 00:02:25,760 --> 00:02:26,359 Speaker 2: illegal here. 37 00:02:26,560 --> 00:02:30,440 Speaker 1: I mean we know that, you know, fireworks can be 38 00:02:30,600 --> 00:02:36,760 Speaker 1: cultural and that folks love them. They range in what 39 00:02:36,800 --> 00:02:41,160 Speaker 1: they look like, what they sound like, and their size. 40 00:02:41,480 --> 00:02:43,640 Speaker 2: But beyond that, I don't know too much. I know 41 00:02:43,720 --> 00:02:45,640 Speaker 2: I enjoy them, which is crazy to me because the 42 00:02:45,639 --> 00:02:48,680 Speaker 2: things I enjoy I really like to really dig deep. 43 00:02:48,880 --> 00:02:51,000 Speaker 2: So what do we want to know? We want to 44 00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:53,119 Speaker 2: know what are the basics behind fireworks. I don't really 45 00:02:53,120 --> 00:02:53,920 Speaker 2: know how they work. 46 00:02:53,880 --> 00:02:55,440 Speaker 1: And I want to know why are there so many 47 00:02:55,480 --> 00:02:57,920 Speaker 1: fireworks going off in neighborhoods? 48 00:02:58,360 --> 00:03:01,440 Speaker 2: And I don't know if everybody else got their pyrotechnic license, 49 00:03:01,600 --> 00:03:06,639 Speaker 2: but I feel like there's some basic safety we need 50 00:03:06,639 --> 00:03:06,959 Speaker 2: to cover. 51 00:03:07,240 --> 00:03:10,240 Speaker 1: I want to know how the field, like, how the 52 00:03:10,280 --> 00:03:13,359 Speaker 1: fireworks field has changed over the years, and what can 53 00:03:13,400 --> 00:03:14,680 Speaker 1: we expect in the future. 54 00:03:14,919 --> 00:03:18,160 Speaker 2: I saw on Twitter a couple of weeks ago some 55 00:03:18,360 --> 00:03:22,480 Speaker 2: drones doing a firework display? Is that the new firework drones? 56 00:03:22,800 --> 00:03:24,400 Speaker 2: So you're gonna be able to shoot a firework from 57 00:03:24,440 --> 00:03:27,160 Speaker 2: your iPhone? Yep? Is you're going to be an app? 58 00:03:27,760 --> 00:03:29,440 Speaker 2: You know, you send the message, now you can send 59 00:03:29,440 --> 00:03:31,079 Speaker 2: it with confetti. It is going to be a real 60 00:03:31,120 --> 00:03:33,800 Speaker 2: firework in a sky. Yes. For closer to the hunger 61 00:03:33,880 --> 00:03:39,880 Speaker 2: games that we thought, let's jump into the dissection. 62 00:03:40,200 --> 00:03:44,080 Speaker 1: In this lab, we brought in pyrotechnics expert Fran Scott. 63 00:03:44,160 --> 00:03:48,960 Speaker 3: I'm Frank Scott, and I'm a pyrotechnician and engineering presenter 64 00:03:49,040 --> 00:03:50,240 Speaker 3: and a general maker. 65 00:03:50,480 --> 00:03:53,680 Speaker 2: Pyrotechnics is the science and art of self contained and 66 00:03:53,760 --> 00:03:59,280 Speaker 2: sustained reactions, and those reactions make heat, light, gas, smoke, sound, 67 00:03:59,320 --> 00:04:03,520 Speaker 2: you name it. Fireworks are just one type of pyrotechnic. 68 00:04:04,080 --> 00:04:07,640 Speaker 1: Okay, So first we had to figure out, like where 69 00:04:07,640 --> 00:04:10,279 Speaker 1: do we even start with fireworks? 70 00:04:10,720 --> 00:04:12,480 Speaker 2: Yeah, and it seemed. 71 00:04:12,160 --> 00:04:14,640 Speaker 1: Like a good place to start would be with fire. 72 00:04:15,000 --> 00:04:19,320 Speaker 2: I've always been fascinated with fire, like I like candles, 73 00:04:19,360 --> 00:04:22,080 Speaker 2: like it's nobody's business. And yes, I like the aroma, 74 00:04:22,160 --> 00:04:25,240 Speaker 2: But I think half of that, maybe seventy five percent, 75 00:04:25,360 --> 00:04:29,440 Speaker 2: is just striking a match. You know. I can remember 76 00:04:29,480 --> 00:04:31,000 Speaker 2: as a kid, and I don't even think I told 77 00:04:31,000 --> 00:04:33,880 Speaker 2: my parents this. My grandma used to keep matches in 78 00:04:33,920 --> 00:04:36,320 Speaker 2: the bathroom, and you would light a match if it 79 00:04:36,440 --> 00:04:39,720 Speaker 2: was really stinky in there. Uh huh man, I was 80 00:04:39,760 --> 00:04:42,440 Speaker 2: a match light and ful. Okay. I would go in there, 81 00:04:43,080 --> 00:04:44,960 Speaker 2: people would be outside. I'd go right in the bathroom. 82 00:04:45,000 --> 00:04:47,560 Speaker 2: I get that pack of matches and I'll just let 83 00:04:47,560 --> 00:04:49,440 Speaker 2: it sizzle. Sometimes I was stick it in water to 84 00:04:49,480 --> 00:04:52,039 Speaker 2: see what was gonna happen. I mean, I don't know 85 00:04:52,040 --> 00:04:54,760 Speaker 2: where that fascination comes from. Are you? Are you fascinated 86 00:04:54,760 --> 00:04:55,080 Speaker 2: with fire? 87 00:04:55,120 --> 00:04:58,640 Speaker 1: Tet No, I'm not a pyromaniac, so I don't. I 88 00:04:58,640 --> 00:05:01,760 Speaker 1: don't have these I don't have these problems. But now 89 00:05:01,800 --> 00:05:04,040 Speaker 1: I'm worried, see I am, because you do have a 90 00:05:04,080 --> 00:05:05,120 Speaker 1: lot of candles in your house. 91 00:05:05,120 --> 00:05:06,080 Speaker 2: I was just reflecting. 92 00:05:06,120 --> 00:05:08,240 Speaker 1: I was like, hmm, okay, so now I know what 93 00:05:08,240 --> 00:05:12,080 Speaker 1: my friend has been doing during the quarantine, relaxing, keeping 94 00:05:12,080 --> 00:05:12,839 Speaker 1: herself busy. 95 00:05:12,920 --> 00:05:13,600 Speaker 2: Light fires. 96 00:05:15,920 --> 00:05:21,000 Speaker 1: So with fire, fire is something that I feel like 97 00:05:21,440 --> 00:05:24,440 Speaker 1: most people interact with, but none of us know really 98 00:05:24,960 --> 00:05:25,560 Speaker 1: what it is. 99 00:05:25,920 --> 00:05:29,960 Speaker 3: Yeah, fire is a plasma, so it's a charged gas. 100 00:05:30,240 --> 00:05:31,679 Speaker 2: With fire, we'll all. 101 00:05:31,480 --> 00:05:34,760 Speaker 3: Gladly sit round it and look at it. But if 102 00:05:34,760 --> 00:05:37,599 Speaker 3: you were to ask someone what is it. Is it 103 00:05:37,600 --> 00:05:39,200 Speaker 3: a liquid, is it a gas. If it's a gas, 104 00:05:39,200 --> 00:05:40,719 Speaker 3: why can we see it? Why does it change color? 105 00:05:40,720 --> 00:05:42,280 Speaker 3: Why is it orange? Why is it red? Why does 106 00:05:42,320 --> 00:05:45,160 Speaker 3: it flow in that certain way? All of these questions 107 00:05:45,240 --> 00:05:48,080 Speaker 3: that most people, including myself, would be like, hang on, 108 00:05:48,160 --> 00:05:51,919 Speaker 3: just let me google a little bit, because it's so intriguing, 109 00:05:51,960 --> 00:05:56,039 Speaker 3: and yet we we actually as a population, know so 110 00:05:56,120 --> 00:05:56,840 Speaker 3: little about it. 111 00:05:57,279 --> 00:06:02,200 Speaker 1: So a fire starts when a material is rapidly oxidized, 112 00:06:02,240 --> 00:06:05,600 Speaker 1: so that means that it's losing electrons at a really 113 00:06:05,640 --> 00:06:09,400 Speaker 1: really rapid rate, and energy is also released in the 114 00:06:09,440 --> 00:06:12,279 Speaker 1: form of heat, light and other things, and then a 115 00:06:12,320 --> 00:06:14,680 Speaker 1: flame is produced. And when you think about how quickly 116 00:06:14,720 --> 00:06:17,200 Speaker 1: we see a flame when it comes to fire, that's 117 00:06:17,200 --> 00:06:19,960 Speaker 1: how quickly those reactions that I was talking about happen. 118 00:06:20,160 --> 00:06:24,880 Speaker 2: It's happened so quickly that there's really we don't visually 119 00:06:24,920 --> 00:06:29,280 Speaker 2: see any time between when we light a match and 120 00:06:29,320 --> 00:06:33,080 Speaker 2: when we see the flame. Right, I never thought about 121 00:06:33,120 --> 00:06:36,880 Speaker 2: it that way. Usually we don't. But I have these 122 00:06:36,920 --> 00:06:41,640 Speaker 2: matches and they're really cheap and there is a delay. No, 123 00:06:41,760 --> 00:06:44,240 Speaker 2: I'm serious. I got them from home goods. They're really cute. 124 00:06:44,279 --> 00:06:47,000 Speaker 2: They say stuff like you go girl, and you know 125 00:06:47,080 --> 00:06:51,440 Speaker 2: stuff like that. Stay calm, be focused. That's exactly what's happening. 126 00:06:51,480 --> 00:06:54,400 Speaker 2: There's that first strike, those materials on the tip of 127 00:06:54,440 --> 00:07:00,400 Speaker 2: that match are being oxidized, and then the flame comes up. Yeah, exactly. 128 00:07:00,520 --> 00:07:01,440 Speaker 2: I never thought about that. 129 00:07:01,640 --> 00:07:05,839 Speaker 1: So yeah, once that flame is produced and all these 130 00:07:05,880 --> 00:07:08,880 Speaker 1: reactions are continuing to occur over and over and over again, 131 00:07:08,920 --> 00:07:11,560 Speaker 1: that's the reason why that flame stays alive and it's 132 00:07:11,600 --> 00:07:15,520 Speaker 1: releasing gas. That reaction is the foundation of what Fran 133 00:07:15,680 --> 00:07:17,040 Speaker 1: does as a pyrotechnician. 134 00:07:17,440 --> 00:07:22,480 Speaker 3: The whole basis of explosions and pyrotechnics is the faster 135 00:07:22,640 --> 00:07:26,400 Speaker 3: something burns, the fraaster it produces hot gases, which means 136 00:07:26,480 --> 00:07:29,240 Speaker 3: when it actually expands, that it expands so quickly that 137 00:07:29,320 --> 00:07:30,000 Speaker 3: you hear a bang. 138 00:07:30,080 --> 00:07:33,080 Speaker 2: So what's in a firework? What are the main ingredients? 139 00:07:33,120 --> 00:07:35,480 Speaker 3: The main ingredient for most of the firework is basically 140 00:07:35,560 --> 00:07:39,200 Speaker 3: gunpowder and gunpowder if you don't know, it's like what 141 00:07:39,240 --> 00:07:41,880 Speaker 3: we call black powder. They're basically the same stuff, and 142 00:07:41,880 --> 00:07:45,600 Speaker 3: they're a mix of charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate. 143 00:07:45,800 --> 00:07:48,400 Speaker 1: So from the charcoal you get carbon, and carbon acts 144 00:07:48,440 --> 00:07:52,680 Speaker 1: as your fuel, and from the potassium nitrate you get oxygen. 145 00:07:53,280 --> 00:07:57,440 Speaker 1: When you mix carbon and oxygen together, they're going to burn, 146 00:07:57,960 --> 00:08:01,320 Speaker 1: but they burn pretty slowly. Dting the sulfur is what 147 00:08:01,440 --> 00:08:05,640 Speaker 1: makes all the difference. Sulfur is the intensifier. It melts 148 00:08:05,640 --> 00:08:07,440 Speaker 1: at one hundred and twenty degrees celsius. 149 00:08:07,520 --> 00:08:09,960 Speaker 2: For those of y'all who don't live in celsius, that's 150 00:08:09,960 --> 00:08:12,440 Speaker 2: around two hundred and fifty degrees fahrenheit lower than you'd 151 00:08:12,480 --> 00:08:13,240 Speaker 2: even set your oven. 152 00:08:13,440 --> 00:08:15,840 Speaker 1: And so when it starts to melt, then it starts 153 00:08:15,880 --> 00:08:19,480 Speaker 1: to accept some of the oxygen that's already in this reaction, 154 00:08:20,560 --> 00:08:25,120 Speaker 1: and that turns the sulfur into sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide 155 00:08:25,120 --> 00:08:28,160 Speaker 1: releases energy in the form of heat, and that heat 156 00:08:28,200 --> 00:08:31,360 Speaker 1: will interact with the carbon and the oxygen that's already there, 157 00:08:31,640 --> 00:08:34,640 Speaker 1: so that keeps that initial burning reaction going and it 158 00:08:34,800 --> 00:08:37,640 Speaker 1: speeds it up. And so that's how you get the 159 00:08:37,679 --> 00:08:41,199 Speaker 1: bang because all of these reactions are happening so quickly. 160 00:08:41,559 --> 00:08:45,600 Speaker 3: So if you cram that black powder into a tube 161 00:08:46,080 --> 00:08:48,440 Speaker 3: and you have it open at one end, if you 162 00:08:48,640 --> 00:08:52,240 Speaker 3: like that tube, that that hot gas needs to go somewhere, 163 00:08:52,880 --> 00:08:54,280 Speaker 3: So it comes out at the bottom of the tube 164 00:08:54,280 --> 00:08:55,440 Speaker 3: and shoots it up into the air. 165 00:08:55,559 --> 00:08:58,040 Speaker 2: But once it's in the air, I'm still waiting for 166 00:08:58,080 --> 00:09:01,600 Speaker 2: the beautiful display. What gives fireworks their colors? 167 00:09:01,880 --> 00:09:04,960 Speaker 1: I think before we get too deep into the firework 168 00:09:05,000 --> 00:09:07,199 Speaker 1: color that there's some basic things that we need to 169 00:09:07,280 --> 00:09:08,040 Speaker 1: establish first. 170 00:09:08,120 --> 00:09:09,000 Speaker 2: All right, let's hear it. 171 00:09:09,040 --> 00:09:11,320 Speaker 1: So, each element in the periodic table is made up 172 00:09:11,360 --> 00:09:14,280 Speaker 1: of atoms, and atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, 173 00:09:14,320 --> 00:09:16,960 Speaker 1: and electrons. The protons and neutrons are at the core, 174 00:09:17,120 --> 00:09:19,440 Speaker 1: and the electrons are all just spinning around that core. 175 00:09:19,640 --> 00:09:22,160 Speaker 2: So those are elements. And when you combuiny more than 176 00:09:22,160 --> 00:09:25,920 Speaker 2: one element, that's a compound, and some compounds. 177 00:09:25,360 --> 00:09:28,120 Speaker 1: Give off energy in the form of light when you 178 00:09:28,160 --> 00:09:30,480 Speaker 1: apply heat. We talked a lot about these things in 179 00:09:30,520 --> 00:09:34,480 Speaker 1: the Conda Forever episode, So you should definitely go back and. 180 00:09:34,440 --> 00:09:36,120 Speaker 2: Listen to that. It was so much fun. 181 00:09:36,800 --> 00:09:40,120 Speaker 1: But with fireworks, there's a different metal compound in each 182 00:09:40,160 --> 00:09:43,280 Speaker 1: firework that when you add heat, gives off light with 183 00:09:43,360 --> 00:09:46,960 Speaker 1: a specific color, and that's what's happening when the fireworks 184 00:09:47,040 --> 00:09:47,880 Speaker 1: burst in the sky. 185 00:09:48,280 --> 00:09:51,520 Speaker 3: Now, once they're up there, there's actually another part, and 186 00:09:51,559 --> 00:09:54,280 Speaker 3: that part is basically where all the effects are, and 187 00:09:54,480 --> 00:09:58,840 Speaker 3: in there there's more black powder. There's also things called stars. 188 00:09:58,320 --> 00:10:01,400 Speaker 2: And stars are like little container for the metal compounds. 189 00:10:01,760 --> 00:10:05,599 Speaker 2: So are there some preferred elements that people using fireworks? 190 00:10:05,679 --> 00:10:08,439 Speaker 3: So if you use barium, then it will become green, 191 00:10:08,520 --> 00:10:10,959 Speaker 3: if you use strontium, it'll become red. 192 00:10:11,000 --> 00:10:13,640 Speaker 2: So that's the basics of a firework. So the charcoal, 193 00:10:13,800 --> 00:10:17,160 Speaker 2: sulfur and potassium nitrate that's gonna get you up in 194 00:10:17,160 --> 00:10:21,400 Speaker 2: the air, and then these other metal compounds that burn 195 00:10:21,720 --> 00:10:23,920 Speaker 2: and give you different colors from that reaction. 196 00:10:24,320 --> 00:10:26,520 Speaker 1: Yeah, and it's just the build up of that gas 197 00:10:26,520 --> 00:10:30,479 Speaker 1: inside of this contained space that causes that huge boom, 198 00:10:30,600 --> 00:10:32,199 Speaker 1: that sound that's keeping us all up. 199 00:10:34,040 --> 00:10:38,959 Speaker 3: But the basics of a firework haven't actually changed since 200 00:10:39,000 --> 00:10:40,800 Speaker 3: they're invented about a thousand years ago. 201 00:10:41,280 --> 00:10:44,400 Speaker 2: Let's go back to six hundred to nine hundred AD. 202 00:10:44,920 --> 00:10:48,319 Speaker 2: We're in China. I'm your favorite cook, and I'm just 203 00:10:48,360 --> 00:10:50,200 Speaker 2: whipping it up in the kitchen. You know, I'm seizing 204 00:10:50,320 --> 00:10:53,880 Speaker 2: up these chicken legs. I have some little beef tender loins. 205 00:10:53,920 --> 00:10:57,120 Speaker 2: I'm getting it right. Okay, I hope I'm invited. M 206 00:10:57,720 --> 00:11:01,079 Speaker 2: It depends on how you act. And you know, I'm 207 00:11:01,120 --> 00:11:05,280 Speaker 2: mixing things together. I'm reaching for my saltpeter. That's potassium nitrate, 208 00:11:05,320 --> 00:11:07,640 Speaker 2: which was common then? Is that in season all? I 209 00:11:07,760 --> 00:11:11,640 Speaker 2: use season all everything, season all over Goya, So absolutely 210 00:11:11,800 --> 00:11:14,040 Speaker 2: you know where we stand with that. Yeah. So you 211 00:11:14,080 --> 00:11:17,480 Speaker 2: have your saltpeter, your charcoal, sulfur, and all these other ingredients, 212 00:11:17,480 --> 00:11:18,920 Speaker 2: and you're just like, oh, this is gonna be gill 213 00:11:18,920 --> 00:11:20,880 Speaker 2: to we sprinkle a little bit of this on here. Ooh, 214 00:11:20,920 --> 00:11:24,800 Speaker 2: I'm gonna give him a little extra spice. Unwittingly, you're 215 00:11:24,920 --> 00:11:29,320 Speaker 2: making gunpowder. Okay, you're seasoning your chicken and then boom. 216 00:11:29,480 --> 00:11:32,720 Speaker 2: Can you imagine nobody's gonna believe you? First of all, 217 00:11:33,720 --> 00:11:35,920 Speaker 2: but I guess they must have had a recipe because 218 00:11:35,920 --> 00:11:39,200 Speaker 2: they're able to recreate it. Once they figure this out, 219 00:11:39,320 --> 00:11:41,720 Speaker 2: they take this mixture and they put it in bamboo shoots, 220 00:11:42,559 --> 00:11:46,240 Speaker 2: and you already know. You take a bamboo shoot with 221 00:11:46,880 --> 00:11:50,199 Speaker 2: basically gunpowder in it and you throw it over a fire. 222 00:11:51,160 --> 00:11:52,360 Speaker 2: That's the birth of the fireworks. 223 00:11:52,400 --> 00:11:55,160 Speaker 1: My friends, we ask Fran what's her theory on all 224 00:11:55,200 --> 00:11:58,160 Speaker 1: these fireworks going off all the time. 225 00:11:58,480 --> 00:12:01,960 Speaker 3: It's funny because firework soft off can go into two 226 00:12:02,080 --> 00:12:04,960 Speaker 3: compartments in society. I would say, they can be the 227 00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:09,120 Speaker 3: celebration part and they can be the anarchy part. And 228 00:12:10,640 --> 00:12:13,720 Speaker 3: at the moment, I would say, in society we're sort 229 00:12:13,720 --> 00:12:17,439 Speaker 3: of in both is those phases. 230 00:12:18,200 --> 00:12:21,240 Speaker 2: That is very true. There's a lot going on right now. 231 00:12:21,559 --> 00:12:24,480 Speaker 1: A lot of folks were not celebrating the fourth of 232 00:12:24,559 --> 00:12:28,760 Speaker 1: July because not all people were free on Independence Day, 233 00:12:29,240 --> 00:12:32,120 Speaker 1: and also people were celebrating the fourth of July. 234 00:12:32,679 --> 00:12:36,120 Speaker 2: So sometimes the fireworks are a celebration or a way 235 00:12:36,160 --> 00:12:38,880 Speaker 2: of saying, hey, we're still here, We're glad to be alive. 236 00:12:39,400 --> 00:12:40,880 Speaker 2: This is a little bit of boom, a little bit 237 00:12:40,920 --> 00:12:43,760 Speaker 2: of celebration for that. And then sometimes it's a little 238 00:12:43,800 --> 00:12:45,480 Speaker 2: bit of anarchy, like we're still alive, but what the 239 00:12:45,559 --> 00:12:46,280 Speaker 2: heck is going on? 240 00:12:46,640 --> 00:12:48,600 Speaker 1: You're right, and trying to draw attention and make sure 241 00:12:48,640 --> 00:12:51,160 Speaker 1: people are still paying attention, you know what I mean. 242 00:12:51,600 --> 00:12:53,960 Speaker 1: It's a great metaphor for what's going on actually and 243 00:12:54,040 --> 00:12:55,920 Speaker 1: what we've been talking about so far in the show. 244 00:12:56,320 --> 00:12:59,839 Speaker 1: With the firework, it takes, you know, a light to it, 245 00:13:00,720 --> 00:13:03,200 Speaker 1: and then these electrons get excited and then you get 246 00:13:03,200 --> 00:13:06,680 Speaker 1: this big boom. And that's the same thing. That's what's 247 00:13:06,679 --> 00:13:10,560 Speaker 1: happening with people with us, with what's going on right now. 248 00:13:11,080 --> 00:13:15,400 Speaker 1: There is an event that ignites all of these emotions 249 00:13:15,400 --> 00:13:16,079 Speaker 1: and feelings. 250 00:13:16,440 --> 00:13:19,720 Speaker 2: Everyone shifts to a hot to a different state. Yeah, response, 251 00:13:19,760 --> 00:13:24,400 Speaker 2: Everyone responds to that event right exactly, and then boom. 252 00:13:24,840 --> 00:13:26,440 Speaker 2: When we get back, we're going to get more into 253 00:13:26,480 --> 00:13:29,520 Speaker 2: the field of pyrotechnics at large and it will blow 254 00:13:29,559 --> 00:13:30,080 Speaker 2: your mind. 255 00:13:46,720 --> 00:13:48,800 Speaker 1: Okay, so we're back, and now we're going to talk 256 00:13:48,800 --> 00:13:51,160 Speaker 1: about the field of pyrotechnics more broadly. 257 00:13:51,600 --> 00:13:54,120 Speaker 2: One of my favorite things I learned when we were 258 00:13:54,120 --> 00:13:57,360 Speaker 2: talking to Fran was about the small pyrotechnics that exist 259 00:13:57,360 --> 00:13:59,640 Speaker 2: in our day to day that we don't even think about. 260 00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:01,920 Speaker 1: And so we talked to Fran about the materials she 261 00:14:02,080 --> 00:14:05,239 Speaker 1: uses in her demonstrations, and one of her favorite materials 262 00:14:05,320 --> 00:14:06,200 Speaker 1: is flash cotton. 263 00:14:06,400 --> 00:14:09,640 Speaker 3: Flash cotton is I'm a little bit obsessed with it 264 00:14:09,679 --> 00:14:12,679 Speaker 3: because it's basically nitrocellulose. 265 00:14:12,960 --> 00:14:19,240 Speaker 2: Nitrocellulose is this compound that is formed by adding nitrogen 266 00:14:19,280 --> 00:14:20,920 Speaker 2: groups to cellulose. 267 00:14:20,400 --> 00:14:22,800 Speaker 3: And what that means is it's just packed with oxygen, 268 00:14:23,160 --> 00:14:24,960 Speaker 3: which means it burns to completion. 269 00:14:25,240 --> 00:14:26,920 Speaker 2: Now you want to know what's crazy about this one. 270 00:14:26,960 --> 00:14:29,640 Speaker 2: I use nitrocellulose in the lab. What do you use 271 00:14:29,680 --> 00:14:33,080 Speaker 2: it for? When I ran Western blots, nitro cellulose was 272 00:14:33,080 --> 00:14:36,040 Speaker 2: the membrane I used to kind of capture the proteins, 273 00:14:36,320 --> 00:14:38,520 Speaker 2: so I would separate the proteins in a sample, and 274 00:14:38,560 --> 00:14:40,160 Speaker 2: then when you want to image them, you got to 275 00:14:40,160 --> 00:14:43,040 Speaker 2: hold them into something. You trap them on a nitrocellulose membrane. 276 00:14:43,160 --> 00:14:45,200 Speaker 2: Why didn't they catch on fire? They're flammable at two 277 00:14:45,280 --> 00:14:47,320 Speaker 2: hundred degrees celsius and I didn't have a spark or 278 00:14:47,320 --> 00:14:49,880 Speaker 2: anything like that. Well, that's good, and I had great 279 00:14:49,960 --> 00:14:52,840 Speaker 2: lab safety skills. Hello, that's why they didn't catch on fire. 280 00:14:55,160 --> 00:14:57,920 Speaker 2: That's good, that's good. But I never thought of I 281 00:14:58,000 --> 00:15:00,000 Speaker 2: never thought of them. I didn't know they were flashed 282 00:15:00,120 --> 00:15:02,440 Speaker 2: kind that it was the same material. It definitely didn't 283 00:15:02,440 --> 00:15:05,680 Speaker 2: know that what other materials are used in pyrotechnics. 284 00:15:05,840 --> 00:15:10,160 Speaker 3: So hydrogen is an absolute It's a dream for developing 285 00:15:10,320 --> 00:15:13,920 Speaker 3: demonstrations because it just sets on fire so easily. 286 00:15:14,160 --> 00:15:15,800 Speaker 2: Worlds are pyrotechnics used. 287 00:15:16,040 --> 00:15:20,920 Speaker 3: They are all around us. So like airbags, for instance. 288 00:15:20,680 --> 00:15:23,040 Speaker 1: I bet you didn't think that you had pyrotechnics in 289 00:15:23,120 --> 00:15:23,680 Speaker 1: your car. 290 00:15:24,000 --> 00:15:27,600 Speaker 3: So in an airbag, you have a small electronic match, 291 00:15:27,760 --> 00:15:30,400 Speaker 3: and once you light that match, that produces the hot gas, 292 00:15:30,440 --> 00:15:34,720 Speaker 3: which then actually inflates the airbag. Yeah, when you are 293 00:15:34,840 --> 00:15:37,240 Speaker 3: impacted that that will actually set off a switch which 294 00:15:37,280 --> 00:15:39,680 Speaker 3: then sets off the match. 295 00:15:39,760 --> 00:15:41,960 Speaker 2: The future of pyrotechnics is really wide open. What you 296 00:15:42,040 --> 00:15:45,360 Speaker 2: understand the basics. So Fran told us this really interesting 297 00:15:45,400 --> 00:15:50,040 Speaker 2: story of lighting a hydrogen rocket with her finger. She 298 00:15:50,120 --> 00:15:52,320 Speaker 2: said she was inspired by some YouTube videos of people 299 00:15:52,360 --> 00:15:54,280 Speaker 2: lighting buns and burners with their fingers, but I feel 300 00:15:54,320 --> 00:15:58,920 Speaker 2: like a bunsen burner and a hydrogen rocket is pretty different. Now, 301 00:15:59,560 --> 00:16:01,640 Speaker 2: this is a my ministry, so I'm gonna have tt 302 00:16:01,800 --> 00:16:02,640 Speaker 2: explain how it worked. 303 00:16:02,680 --> 00:16:04,160 Speaker 1: The way that she was able to do this was 304 00:16:04,200 --> 00:16:06,480 Speaker 1: that she used a Vandergraft generator. 305 00:16:07,080 --> 00:16:08,720 Speaker 2: We've all seen it. 306 00:16:08,720 --> 00:16:11,600 Speaker 1: It's a spherical silver ball that usually people put a 307 00:16:11,600 --> 00:16:13,400 Speaker 1: piece of glass around and then you'll see all these 308 00:16:13,440 --> 00:16:15,720 Speaker 1: little things that look like lightning bolts jumping out and 309 00:16:15,760 --> 00:16:17,440 Speaker 1: touching the glass around it. 310 00:16:17,720 --> 00:16:19,640 Speaker 2: And when I used to think of what a scientist was, 311 00:16:19,800 --> 00:16:23,000 Speaker 2: it was Albert Einstein touching a Vandergraft generator. 312 00:16:23,720 --> 00:16:26,280 Speaker 1: Yes, and it makes it makes your hair stands, your 313 00:16:26,320 --> 00:16:28,720 Speaker 1: hair stand up. Yeah, what it is. This is an 314 00:16:28,760 --> 00:16:34,680 Speaker 1: electrostatic generator. And so from this electrostatic that's generated, if 315 00:16:34,680 --> 00:16:37,040 Speaker 1: you touch it and then you touch something else, you know, 316 00:16:37,080 --> 00:16:39,480 Speaker 1: you can shock it. Which I think we've all kind 317 00:16:39,480 --> 00:16:42,239 Speaker 1: of done something like that, whether it's using a Vandergraft 318 00:16:42,240 --> 00:16:45,040 Speaker 1: generator or rebinar feet on the carpet and then touching 319 00:16:45,080 --> 00:16:45,480 Speaker 1: our friend. 320 00:16:45,640 --> 00:16:48,520 Speaker 2: Ooh, that's a pastime. That static. 321 00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:52,040 Speaker 1: She can use that to make a spark. So she 322 00:16:52,160 --> 00:16:55,400 Speaker 1: was able to use a Vandergraft generator and through many, 323 00:16:55,400 --> 00:16:58,320 Speaker 1: many iterations, so she did a lot of research in 324 00:16:58,400 --> 00:17:01,840 Speaker 1: the lab. She was able to generate a significant enough 325 00:17:01,880 --> 00:17:04,119 Speaker 1: spark to light this hydrogen rocket. 326 00:17:04,560 --> 00:17:10,040 Speaker 2: And I want to point out something friend is an expert. Okay, 327 00:17:10,119 --> 00:17:12,160 Speaker 2: so I don't want y'all at home rubbing your feet 328 00:17:12,160 --> 00:17:16,359 Speaker 2: on the carpet trying to light your gas stove. Right, Please, 329 00:17:16,359 --> 00:17:18,840 Speaker 2: don't do nothing stupid. We're just here to give you 330 00:17:18,880 --> 00:17:21,080 Speaker 2: the information so you could talk about it with your friends. 331 00:17:21,760 --> 00:17:24,080 Speaker 2: Don't try this stuff at home. This is one of 332 00:17:24,080 --> 00:17:27,600 Speaker 2: the major things that stood out to me when everybody. 333 00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:31,480 Speaker 2: When I was hearing fireworks everywhere, I was like, Uh, 334 00:17:31,640 --> 00:17:34,360 Speaker 2: what are the safety protocols for this? And these fireworks 335 00:17:34,359 --> 00:17:40,400 Speaker 2: sound close. They sound close to my home and all 336 00:17:40,400 --> 00:17:42,640 Speaker 2: these apartments around here. Something's gonna catch on fire. 337 00:17:42,920 --> 00:17:46,640 Speaker 1: So we ask Fran, what are the big safety precautions 338 00:17:46,680 --> 00:17:50,399 Speaker 1: that folks should be taking when they are shooting off fireworks. 339 00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:54,680 Speaker 3: Distance is the biggest thing you can do to make 340 00:17:54,760 --> 00:17:55,360 Speaker 3: it safe. 341 00:17:55,440 --> 00:17:58,320 Speaker 2: One aspect of distance is distance from flammables. 342 00:17:58,440 --> 00:18:00,840 Speaker 3: People think, oh, a flammable that's kind of but tane 343 00:18:00,920 --> 00:18:03,280 Speaker 3: or light of fuel or whatever. No, it's your lawn. 344 00:18:03,359 --> 00:18:05,680 Speaker 3: It's your pile of leaves that you've just swept up. 345 00:18:05,720 --> 00:18:09,879 Speaker 3: It's your wooden shed that you haven't looked after for 346 00:18:09,960 --> 00:18:12,639 Speaker 3: like three years. It's that type of stuff that's the 347 00:18:12,680 --> 00:18:13,720 Speaker 3: things that can catch fire. 348 00:18:13,840 --> 00:18:15,600 Speaker 2: So if you think about your grass it's been a 349 00:18:15,640 --> 00:18:18,680 Speaker 2: really dry summer, if you have hair rain recently, maybe 350 00:18:18,720 --> 00:18:22,360 Speaker 2: wet the lawn. The second aspect of distance is distance 351 00:18:22,680 --> 00:18:26,359 Speaker 2: from you, and then Aside from distance, France says, we 352 00:18:26,359 --> 00:18:27,879 Speaker 2: should consider the weather, and. 353 00:18:27,880 --> 00:18:30,080 Speaker 3: It's quite scary as well, because especially you know in 354 00:18:30,119 --> 00:18:32,280 Speaker 3: the northern hemisphere right now, you know we're going into summer, 355 00:18:32,359 --> 00:18:35,399 Speaker 3: things are getting dry. All it takes is a little 356 00:18:35,400 --> 00:18:38,440 Speaker 3: ember and that's it. That's an entire fire started. 357 00:18:38,760 --> 00:18:41,280 Speaker 1: Fran told us that in the UK that the time 358 00:18:41,320 --> 00:18:43,200 Speaker 1: of year that they're most likely to be shooting off 359 00:18:43,200 --> 00:18:48,240 Speaker 1: fireworks is in November, and part of that is because 360 00:18:48,480 --> 00:18:52,560 Speaker 1: it's a lot cooler and a lot wetter during that 361 00:18:52,680 --> 00:18:56,480 Speaker 1: time of year. In the US, we are shooting fireworks 362 00:18:56,480 --> 00:19:00,680 Speaker 1: off during the hottest, driest time of the year, which 363 00:19:00,680 --> 00:19:05,280 Speaker 1: sounds like a recipe for disaster. Yes, so if you 364 00:19:05,400 --> 00:19:09,720 Speaker 1: already have fireworks in your possession, how should you be 365 00:19:09,800 --> 00:19:10,440 Speaker 1: storing them? 366 00:19:10,760 --> 00:19:17,880 Speaker 3: So I would say keep it in a lockable, unflammable cabinet, 367 00:19:19,080 --> 00:19:22,640 Speaker 3: because the most dangerous thing I would say that could 368 00:19:22,720 --> 00:19:25,280 Speaker 3: happen in households is people getting hold of them that 369 00:19:25,359 --> 00:19:29,440 Speaker 3: shouldn't so your kids, your neighbors kids, and so by 370 00:19:29,440 --> 00:19:31,199 Speaker 3: putting it in a place that's got key, then you 371 00:19:31,240 --> 00:19:33,240 Speaker 3: know that it's only you that can access them. 372 00:19:33,440 --> 00:19:35,199 Speaker 2: So a minute ago, we just said distance is one 373 00:19:35,240 --> 00:19:37,439 Speaker 2: of the most important things for kind of keeping you 374 00:19:37,480 --> 00:19:40,479 Speaker 2: safe if you're going to light fireworks. But luckily there 375 00:19:40,480 --> 00:19:44,120 Speaker 2: have been some advances in technology that can also get 376 00:19:44,160 --> 00:19:48,200 Speaker 2: you a little bit of space away from that lit fuse. 377 00:19:48,119 --> 00:19:51,040 Speaker 3: Fireworks nowadays, instead of you know, someone going around and 378 00:19:51,080 --> 00:19:54,320 Speaker 3: just lighting them with a stick, they're all done electronically, 379 00:19:54,359 --> 00:19:56,800 Speaker 3: so you can get these electronic matches, which again I 380 00:19:56,920 --> 00:20:01,119 Speaker 3: quite like the science behind them. These electronic matches are well, 381 00:20:01,160 --> 00:20:03,320 Speaker 3: they're just matches, but they've got a little bit of 382 00:20:03,440 --> 00:20:05,960 Speaker 3: nichrome wire in and when you run electricity through the 383 00:20:06,040 --> 00:20:08,160 Speaker 3: nichrome wire, it heats up, it mounts, and it burns 384 00:20:08,200 --> 00:20:11,360 Speaker 3: a little bit of potented material, which when you let 385 00:20:11,400 --> 00:20:13,919 Speaker 3: them off just themselves, they're basically just like a Christmas 386 00:20:13,960 --> 00:20:16,760 Speaker 3: cracker type spark, but when you put that in a 387 00:20:16,800 --> 00:20:19,480 Speaker 3: firework then it burns the bigger bit. 388 00:20:19,680 --> 00:20:22,320 Speaker 2: But those things can also go wrong. I don't know 389 00:20:22,359 --> 00:20:25,720 Speaker 2: if anybody else remembers there was a fireworks display in 390 00:20:25,760 --> 00:20:28,840 Speaker 2: San Diego and instead of a thirty minute show, all 391 00:20:28,880 --> 00:20:32,200 Speaker 2: those fireworks were on an automatic fuse and they all 392 00:20:32,240 --> 00:20:35,840 Speaker 2: went off at the same time. Please google it. It 393 00:20:35,880 --> 00:20:38,360 Speaker 2: was just one big loud bang, and there's someone took 394 00:20:38,359 --> 00:20:40,280 Speaker 2: a someone was taking the video and you can see 395 00:20:40,320 --> 00:20:43,320 Speaker 2: people like grabbing their partner trying to run away because 396 00:20:43,320 --> 00:20:46,919 Speaker 2: they knew something was definitely wrong. Right, it was a 397 00:20:46,960 --> 00:20:47,760 Speaker 2: pretty big fail. 398 00:20:48,200 --> 00:20:51,200 Speaker 3: Recently, I was out in Singapore and I actually saw 399 00:20:51,240 --> 00:20:54,000 Speaker 3: a firework display in inverted croma is done by drones, 400 00:20:55,000 --> 00:21:01,600 Speaker 3: and it was totally different to a firework display because 401 00:21:01,640 --> 00:21:04,679 Speaker 3: it's like a firework display on mute. 402 00:21:04,800 --> 00:21:06,960 Speaker 2: I think that could be really cool, but I would 403 00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:08,919 Speaker 2: miss the sound. I like the boom. 404 00:21:09,240 --> 00:21:11,960 Speaker 1: Yeah, I feel like part of fireworks is the sound 405 00:21:11,960 --> 00:21:13,000 Speaker 1: that goes along with it. 406 00:21:13,560 --> 00:21:15,600 Speaker 2: But also I think it might. 407 00:21:15,520 --> 00:21:17,959 Speaker 1: Be pretty cool because once you start thinking about drones 408 00:21:18,000 --> 00:21:20,440 Speaker 1: and what drones can do and how they move, I mean, 409 00:21:21,280 --> 00:21:25,600 Speaker 1: the possibilities are endless. You could be drawing all types 410 00:21:25,640 --> 00:21:26,919 Speaker 1: of stuff with those fireworks. 411 00:21:27,040 --> 00:21:30,600 Speaker 3: I think there will always be room in our lives 412 00:21:30,640 --> 00:21:34,439 Speaker 3: for things that go bang, because there is something so 413 00:21:35,560 --> 00:21:40,800 Speaker 3: innate that basically a bank scares us, and by scaring us, 414 00:21:40,880 --> 00:21:57,600 Speaker 3: it entertains us in a really weird way. 415 00:21:58,520 --> 00:22:00,480 Speaker 2: I think that's true. That's why I continue to watch 416 00:22:00,480 --> 00:22:05,160 Speaker 2: horror movies. You know, we love all things scary. Yeah, 417 00:22:05,160 --> 00:22:07,119 Speaker 2: I don't need any more political thrillers. That's happening in 418 00:22:07,160 --> 00:22:09,600 Speaker 2: real time. Just turn on your news. I'm excited about 419 00:22:09,640 --> 00:22:13,040 Speaker 2: the potential drones, but I'm all about the boom. I 420 00:22:13,200 --> 00:22:14,040 Speaker 2: like the display. 421 00:22:14,240 --> 00:22:17,399 Speaker 1: I'm sorry we couldn't give people like advice on how 422 00:22:17,440 --> 00:22:21,280 Speaker 1: to stop the noise. Yeah, if you want to buy 423 00:22:21,359 --> 00:22:26,480 Speaker 1: some soundproofing stuff for your apartment or for your house. 424 00:22:26,560 --> 00:22:28,680 Speaker 2: We will put some links in the show notes. Maybe 425 00:22:28,720 --> 00:22:30,600 Speaker 2: we'll have to tell them how to create basically a 426 00:22:30,600 --> 00:22:32,680 Speaker 2: podcast studio at home, because that's what you're doing. 427 00:22:32,840 --> 00:22:33,159 Speaker 3: Mm hm. 428 00:22:34,600 --> 00:22:36,320 Speaker 1: The longer we're inside, I feel like the more that 429 00:22:36,320 --> 00:22:38,280 Speaker 1: they're going to be going off. Even while we've been 430 00:22:38,320 --> 00:22:44,920 Speaker 1: recording this, we've heard fireworks going off in Chicago and 431 00:22:45,359 --> 00:22:48,520 Speaker 1: in Maryland. So I don't know if there's an end 432 00:22:48,520 --> 00:22:50,240 Speaker 1: in sight. I'm sorry, but at least you know a 433 00:22:50,280 --> 00:22:51,600 Speaker 1: little bit more about how they were. 434 00:22:51,840 --> 00:22:53,760 Speaker 2: Are you setting off fireworks? I want to know who's 435 00:22:53,760 --> 00:22:55,720 Speaker 2: doing it. Show yourself. I'm not going to report you. 436 00:22:55,720 --> 00:22:57,600 Speaker 2: I just want to know. I want to see is 437 00:22:57,640 --> 00:22:59,720 Speaker 2: anybody under the sound of my voice. 438 00:23:03,040 --> 00:23:05,040 Speaker 1: That's it for Lab twenty seven, but we have so 439 00:23:05,200 --> 00:23:07,760 Speaker 1: much more for you to dig into on our website, 440 00:23:07,880 --> 00:23:10,800 Speaker 1: so make sure you head over to Dope labspodcast dot com. 441 00:23:10,880 --> 00:23:12,840 Speaker 2: On our website you can find a cheat sheet for 442 00:23:12,880 --> 00:23:15,480 Speaker 2: today's lab, along with a ton of other links and 443 00:23:15,520 --> 00:23:16,680 Speaker 2: resources in the show. 444 00:23:16,480 --> 00:23:18,080 Speaker 1: Notes, and if you want to stay in the note 445 00:23:18,119 --> 00:23:19,960 Speaker 1: with Dope Labs, don't forget to sign up for our 446 00:23:19,960 --> 00:23:21,400 Speaker 1: newsletter on our site too. 447 00:23:21,400 --> 00:23:24,239 Speaker 2: Special Thanks to our guest expert Franz Scott. You can 448 00:23:24,280 --> 00:23:27,480 Speaker 2: find out more info about her on her website Franscott 449 00:23:27,520 --> 00:23:30,800 Speaker 2: dot co dot uk, or you can follow her on 450 00:23:30,880 --> 00:23:36,280 Speaker 2: Twitter at frans underscore Facts. Yes, also, we love hearing 451 00:23:36,320 --> 00:23:38,800 Speaker 2: from you. What did you think about today's lab? Do 452 00:23:38,840 --> 00:23:42,000 Speaker 2: you have ideas for future labs? Call us at two 453 00:23:42,119 --> 00:23:45,080 Speaker 2: zero two five six seven seven zero two eight and 454 00:23:45,200 --> 00:23:45,639 Speaker 2: let us know. 455 00:23:46,200 --> 00:23:49,040 Speaker 1: You can find us on Twitter and Instagram at Dope Labs. 456 00:23:49,080 --> 00:23:53,480 Speaker 2: Podcast tt is on Twitter at dr Underscore t Sho, 457 00:23:53,880 --> 00:23:57,359 Speaker 2: and you can find Zakiya at z said So follow 458 00:23:57,400 --> 00:24:00,000 Speaker 2: us on Spotify or wherever else you listen to podcasts. 459 00:24:00,440 --> 00:24:04,000 Speaker 1: Dope Labs is produced by Jenny Radalit Mass of Wavernner Studios. 460 00:24:04,200 --> 00:24:06,399 Speaker 2: Mixing and sound design are by Hannes Brown. 461 00:24:06,680 --> 00:24:10,400 Speaker 1: Our theme music is by Taka Yasuzawa and Alex Sugiura, 462 00:24:10,440 --> 00:24:14,399 Speaker 1: with additional music by Elijah Alex Harvey. Dope Labs is 463 00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:17,359 Speaker 1: a production of Spotify and Mega Own Media Group, and 464 00:24:17,400 --> 00:24:20,679 Speaker 1: it's executive produced by US T T Show Dia and 465 00:24:20,760 --> 00:24:25,560 Speaker 1: Zakiah Wattley. When I think about everything that's going on 466 00:24:25,640 --> 00:24:27,120 Speaker 1: right now, the last thing I have time to do 467 00:24:27,280 --> 00:24:29,760 Speaker 1: is to go to another state to buy fireworks. 468 00:24:29,800 --> 00:24:32,919 Speaker 2: But they tracked. They traced most of the fireworks in 469 00:24:32,960 --> 00:24:35,240 Speaker 2: New York back to Pennsylvania. 470 00:24:36,240 --> 00:24:39,840 Speaker 1: You know, Pennsylvania has been causing a lot of trouble 471 00:24:39,840 --> 00:24:41,000 Speaker 1: over the last few years. 472 00:24:41,119 --> 00:24:43,399 Speaker 2: They've been dropping the ball. They gotta get it together.