Speaker 1: You're listening to American Shadows, a production of iHeartRadio and
Speaker 1: Grimm and Mild from Ari and Manky.
Speaker 2: It rose up from below, a sentinel of sweeping steel
Speaker 2: and promise. The Brooklyn Bridge soared, a stately giant that
Speaker 2: welded the two banks of the East River together. It
Speaker 2: was the longest suspension bridge ever created, an eighth Wonder
Speaker 2: of the World, according to some, It became a point
Speaker 2: of pride for New York and one of the most
Speaker 2: recognizable landmarks around, especially to those who had just arrived
Speaker 2: on America's shores. The bridge had become just as iconic
Speaker 2: as Lady Liberty herself. Immigrants saw these towering figures as
Speaker 2: symbols of possibility. They arrived in ship after ship because
Speaker 2: they understood America to be a place of opportunity, as
Speaker 2: did the conmet who waited for the newcomers at the docks,
Speaker 2: some of whom, as we've talked about before on this show,
Speaker 2: went about trying to sell them that very bridge. The
Speaker 2: scammers who preyed upon the dreams of these sea weary
Speaker 2: travelers and convinced them that they've had a bridge to
Speaker 2: sell were a dime a dozen, so much so that
Speaker 2: the processors of Ellis Island began warning people about them
Speaker 2: and others to be on the lookout for. It was
Speaker 2: evident that the American dream was ripe for exploitation. Immigrants
Speaker 2: arrived believing they were starting over, that their new lives
Speaker 2: were about to begin, and some, like Bertha Hayman, relished
Speaker 2: in starting over again and again and again. Bertha was
Speaker 2: committed to the hustle. A daughter of Prussia, she made
Speaker 2: her way to the United States in eighteen seventy eight.
Speaker 2: She was an immigrant too, landing wide eyed at the
Speaker 2: docks like so many before her, but she wasn't one
Speaker 2: to be scammed the opposite. In fact, Umbertha was known
Speaker 2: to be quite the talker, a bullish and brazen woman
Speaker 2: who made it her life's work to ingratiate herself with
Speaker 2: wealthy men. She was money driven, and in the golden
Speaker 2: era of industrialization, she knew that some of these men
Speaker 2: of Old New York had some cash to spare. So
Speaker 2: Bertha donned her finest garb and played the part of
Speaker 2: a rich mourning widow, often talking herself into endless lines
Speaker 2: of credit, gifts and forged checks. The issue she often
Speaker 2: told her marks was that of course, she had the money,
Speaker 2: she was just struggling to access it. But she was
Speaker 2: charming and her looks were thought to be disarming by some,
Speaker 2: and this got her a long way. She stayed at
Speaker 2: the finest hotels, had a maid, and worked her way
Speaker 2: around the city. Her hard work involved less sweat and
Speaker 2: more pearls. As bold as she was, it's perhaps no
Speaker 2: surprise that she became a known quantity to the New
Speaker 2: York City Police Department. Alberta was in and out of jail,
Speaker 2: but never stayed too long, and somehow managed to still
Speaker 2: keep bilking fortunes behind bars. The name she made for
Speaker 2: herself horrified and impressed many, to the point that she
Speaker 2: was eventually given her own one woman theater show. In it,
Speaker 2: she played herself recounting her capers and life of crime
Speaker 2: for all to enjoy. For this, she earned a paycheck
Speaker 2: fair and square. It seems that in America, newcomers could
Speaker 2: become anyone. It's long been a place of reinvention. It
Speaker 2: still is today. But as you'll see, some took this
Speaker 2: quite literally, and not all for reasons you might expect.
Speaker 2: I'm Lorn Vogelbaum. Welcome to American Shadows. The Brooklyn Daily
Speaker 2: Eagle didn't mention her name, but her story was a
Speaker 2: cautionary tale for you youngsters across the city. The newspaper
Speaker 2: reported that she was a gal of sixteen off for
Speaker 2: an afternoon outing at P. T. Barnum's Great American Museum.
Speaker 2: It was one of the most famous places in all
Speaker 2: of New York City. There, visitors were greeted with a
Speaker 2: collection of sights, sounds, and stories that prickled across their
Speaker 2: imaginations like goosebumps on the skin. Many people her age
Speaker 2: had never been to a city, let alone held court
Speaker 2: with a giantess, dwarf, or mermaid in New York, though
Speaker 2: anything was possible. She was alone that day, which wasn't
Speaker 2: terribly uncommon. In the eighteen forties. Many young folks had
Speaker 2: been moving into the city to find new work opportunities,
Speaker 2: and there they sought out entertainment too. While she watched
Speaker 2: to play at the museum, a man saddled up to her.
Speaker 2: He appeared to be a gentlemanly fellow and taking the
Speaker 2: time to point out what was going on to us.
Speaker 2: This encounter probably wouldn't feel dissimilar to sitting with a
Speaker 2: chatty moviegoer, but she couldn't quite shake him. He was
Speaker 2: so knowledgeable and so generous that she assumed he worked
Speaker 2: at the place, and she didn't want to be rude.
Speaker 2: By the time the play was over, it was dark.
Speaker 2: She had never intended to stay this long. The girl
Speaker 2: was stuck now, not wanting to travel alone, but not
Speaker 2: exactly excited to be traveling with this strange man. He
Speaker 2: insisted on walking her home, which she allowed him to do,
Speaker 2: but he didn't stop at her front door. He allowed
Speaker 2: himself in, brushing past the maid and installing himself in
Speaker 2: her parlor, and there he sat at ease, but only
Speaker 2: for a few minutes, until the girl's father appeared. Both men,
Speaker 2: of course, were shocked to see the other, and only
Speaker 2: then did the intruder realize that the jig was up,
Speaker 2: and that his night of persuasion and intended predation had
Speaker 2: come to an end. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle went on
Speaker 2: to plea with Barnum to be more dutiful to his
Speaker 2: visitors and safeguard them against opportunists. These people were a
Speaker 2: social scourge, the paper implied, and they were multiplying. Things
Speaker 2: were changing quickly in nineteenth century America. Industrialization was providing
Speaker 2: jobs where family farms were beginning to fall short, and
Speaker 2: young people were migrating into cities. Here they were on
Speaker 2: their own, dislocated from the watchful eyes of their families
Speaker 2: and communities. Most of them were on their own for
Speaker 2: the first time in their lives. They moved into hotels
Speaker 2: and boarding homes. They went to work, they went to bars,
Speaker 2: they went to dance halls. They were performing independence and
Speaker 2: a new kind of adulthood that the country had never
Speaker 2: seen before. As a way to meet the needs of
Speaker 2: this ballooning teenage population, dozens of etiquette manuals were published
Speaker 2: around how to take care of oneself. These books spelled
Speaker 2: out rules for living, how to eat, dress, work, and court.
Speaker 2: They would become respectable members of society if only they
Speaker 2: could follow the rules. These newcomers were hopeful, and they
Speaker 2: were often naive. Urban life was ripe for anonymity, and
Speaker 2: sometimes this anonymity became an opportunity for crime. The etiquette
Speaker 2: manuals warned the newly arrived about the dangers of confidence men.
Speaker 2: These were opportunistic swindlers, wolves in sheep's clothing, seemingly charitable
Speaker 2: strangers who only dropped their masks when it was a
Speaker 2: minute too late. Confidence men were nothing but clever actors
Speaker 2: performing charity on the stage of New York City's streets.
Speaker 2: There they hustled to get whatever they wanted by becoming
Speaker 2: whomever their unsuspecting victims wanted them to be. The tools
Speaker 2: of their trade were a bit of psychology and perhaps
Speaker 2: some fancy tailoring. The term confidence man or con man
Speaker 2: for short, first appeared in eighteen forty nine, coined by
Speaker 2: the New York Press. The paper was documenting the court
Speaker 2: trial of William Thompson, whose game had been to win
Speaker 2: the confidence of a stranger as to borrow his watch
Speaker 2: and walk away laughing. The paper suggested men like him
Speaker 2: were becoming more common. By the eighteen sixties, police captains
Speaker 2: estimated that there were twenty five hundred professional criminals living
Speaker 2: and operating in New York. They became a quirky, dangerous
Speaker 2: feature of the city that needed to be kept under watch.
Speaker 2: And there was one man, a son of Brooklyn, who
Speaker 2: had become one of the most famous cons of the
Speaker 2: ma all. What made him different was that money wasn't
Speaker 2: his end game, but rather something much deeper. The mirror
Speaker 2: was doing its job in it. The young man gazed
Speaker 2: at his reflection. He raised his eyebrows, jutted his chin,
Speaker 2: and pulled his shoulders back. He tried a few more postures,
Speaker 2: a few more faces. His looking glass was a tool.
Speaker 2: In time, it would become his constant companion, his fiercest ally,
Speaker 2: a means of social lubrication and upward mobility. In it,
Speaker 2: he saw not who he truly was, but carefully crafted
Speaker 2: image of everyone he ever wanted to be. As he
Speaker 2: looked at himself and studied his newest disguise, the mirror
Speaker 2: gave him even more ideas of who he could become.
Speaker 2: That day, at nineteen years old, he would be a
Speaker 2: recently appointed US consular agent to the fictitious Portabrey's Morocco,
Speaker 2: a fairly straightforward claim, aided by the fact that Google
Speaker 2: Maps had yet to be invented. Who he really was
Speaker 2: at the beginning was someone a bit more humble. He
Speaker 2: was a pint sized kid named Stephen Jacob Weinberg born
Speaker 2: in eighteen ninety in Brooklyn. He lived in a plain neighborhood,
Speaker 2: on a plain block, in a plain two story home.
Speaker 2: Nothing about his origin would suggest he would ever or
Speaker 2: eke out a life beyond the most ordinary of existences.
Speaker 2: His family was working class, and his dream of becoming
Speaker 2: a doctor was pretty out of reach, so he took
Speaker 2: on everyday service jobs, making a buck in the same
Speaker 2: way many other folks did at the time. Not much
Speaker 2: about him was notable except for his imagination. He dreamed
Speaker 2: of a world outside of his block. He wished for power,
Speaker 2: He wanted to steam, respect, to instill all, and he
Speaker 2: wanted to fast track his way to it all. At
Speaker 2: his house in Brooklyn, he began stuffing his closets with
Speaker 2: a clever array of uniforms. He had trousers and coat tails,
Speaker 2: brass buttons, and military jackets. He had an extensive collection
Speaker 2: of shoes and ties and other trappings of important fineries.
Speaker 2: But if one looked close enough, they could see that
Speaker 2: something might be askew, a button missing the wrong shoe color,
Speaker 2: ribbons pinned the wrong way. But these thoughts would quickly
Speaker 2: quiet once Stephen began to speak as he unraveled yarns
Speaker 2: that captivated anyone in earshot. By twenty one though, he
Speaker 2: was frequently wanted by police for his impersonation tactics, but amazingly,
Speaker 2: he never tried very hard to hide himself. He continued
Speaker 2: to reside in his old neighborhood and never legally changed
Speaker 2: his name. Though he went by many, he never changed
Speaker 2: his signature, mustache, or dyed his hair. The police assumed
Speaker 2: he wouldn't be foolish enough to go home when they
Speaker 2: were looking for him, but they were wrong. By all accounts,
Speaker 2: he lived quite comfortably, close to his parents and surrounded
Speaker 2: by all of his costuming. In nineteen fifteen, the U. S.
Speaker 2: Navy received a phone call from a man claiming to
Speaker 2: be Romania's consul general in New York. The caller claimed
Speaker 2: that Queen Mary had asked that he pay his respects
Speaker 2: to the US military by touring and inspecting the USS
Speaker 2: Wyoming battleship, which was docked nearby in the Hudson River.
Speaker 2: The Navy obliged and brought aboard Stephen, the hero of
Speaker 2: our story and certainly the hero of his own, was
Speaker 2: greeted by rows of troops who stood at attention to
Speaker 2: meet him. He was a commanding sight in his light
Speaker 2: blue uniform in admiral's hat. When he was sufficiently pleased
Speaker 2: with the tour, he announced to everyone that he would
Speaker 2: be throwing a dinner party for military officers at the
Speaker 2: astor hotel in Times Square, and they were all cordially invited. This,
Speaker 2: of course, would be on the Romanian consulate's dime. The
Speaker 2: night came and the festivities kicked into high gear, and
Speaker 2: the party was short lived. Though Stephen had been brazen
Speaker 2: enough to publish an announcement about the party in the
Speaker 2: pages of the New York Times using his own name.
Speaker 2: That evening, two detectives stormed into the room and dragged
Speaker 2: him away. By all accounts, Stephen never broke character the
Speaker 2: whole time, until one story claims he told officers that
Speaker 2: he wished they could have waited until after dessert. Ring
Speaker 2: to the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, the captain of the wyoming
Speaker 2: was thoroughly impressed. He told the paper, all I can
Speaker 2: say is the little guy can put on one hell
Speaker 2: of a tour inspection and this was just the beginning
Speaker 2: of a much longer career. Two years later, he would
Speaker 2: end up in jail for forging the name of a
Speaker 2: US senator on a job recommendation to become a local
Speaker 2: bank teller. In nineteen twenty, he would be arrested in
Speaker 2: a park for wearing a navy uniform with stripes all
Speaker 2: askew upon arrest, he told a half truth that he
Speaker 2: wasn't really an officer, but in reality a doctor. He
Speaker 2: was only a short prison stint away from his next adventure,
Speaker 2: which took him to Peru. Here he conned his way
Speaker 2: into the role of a sanitation expert for an American
Speaker 2: engineering company. He spent wildly throwing extravagant parties and living
Speaker 2: the high life on the company dime. It seems like
Speaker 2: you just can't put a price on charisma and charm,
Speaker 2: in two things that Stephen was very rich with. Indeed,
Speaker 2: in later years, Stephen would talk about his depression, his mania,
Speaker 2: and the life saving chemical cocktail that came in the
Speaker 2: midst of what he called perking up. He was prone
Speaker 2: to the blues. His ego was fed by the dopamine
Speaker 2: hits that came from playing someone else. A uniform brought
Speaker 2: him admiration, Fancy titles brought reverence. A new backstory made
Speaker 2: him the most interesting man in the room, not some
Speaker 2: poor kid from Brooklyn. Laying in bed one morning and
Speaker 2: on sure of his next move, he read about a princess.
Speaker 2: She was coming to New York from Afghanistan, and though
Speaker 2: the press was enamored with her, arrival, Sho had been
Speaker 2: met by Cool Latitude from the US government in July
Speaker 2: nineteen twenty one. Afghanistan was a newly minted sovereign nation.
Speaker 2: Princess Fatima and her sons, it seems, were somewhat distant
Speaker 2: relations to the crown and weren't high on the priority
Speaker 2: list for all the state craft and red carpets. She
Speaker 2: wanted to meet President Warren G. Harding, but her invite
Speaker 2: hadn't materialized, and it was there not far from dreaming himself,
Speaker 2: but Stephen decided he was going to make this dream
Speaker 2: of hers happen. He was shortly out the door, blue
Speaker 2: uniform pressed and face freshly shaven as soon he arrived
Speaker 2: at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel, where he canned his way
Speaker 2: into her suite. He was there on behalf of the
Speaker 2: Secretary of State, he said, and promised to personally take
Speaker 2: her to Washington, but first she needed to hand over
Speaker 2: ten thousand dollars for tribute gifts. He then made a
Speaker 2: few phone calls. First was Robert woods Bliss, an underling
Speaker 2: to the Secretary of State, who Stephen told that he
Speaker 2: was calling as the State Department Naval Liaison officer and
Speaker 2: that Princess Fatimah was with him. She was amenable to
Speaker 2: meeting with the President. Stephen reported, and that he would
Speaker 2: go ahead and contact the President's office directly to arrange
Speaker 2: a meeting. Robert, who assumed he had missed an order
Speaker 2: from above, went to work. Soon thereafter, the Secretary of
Speaker 2: State briefed the President on Afghanistan in preparation for her arrival.
Speaker 2: Stephen meanwhile rented a luxurious private rail car to bring
Speaker 2: the princess and her family to Washington. He installed them
Speaker 2: in an expensive hotel suite before quickly making tracks over
Speaker 2: to the State Department offices. Upon arrival, he told them
Speaker 2: he had come at the behest of several senators who
Speaker 2: wanted to encourage the government to show a bit more
Speaker 2: gracious diplomacy. Princess Fatimah wanted to meet the Secretary of State,
Speaker 2: which she soon did, and then the entire unlikely troop
Speaker 2: was on their way to the White House's front door.
Speaker 2: The photo record shows a smiling court on the White
Speaker 2: House lawn, the President and the First Lady, the Princess
Speaker 2: and her sons, and Stephen all smiling for the hardings.
Speaker 2: This was a somewhat unexpected development. The President had just
Speaker 2: returned home from a camping trip and ended the day
Speaker 2: a lot more decadently than it had started. By bedtime,
Speaker 2: he had inherited an entire collection of cashmere shawls, finely
Speaker 2: knotted rugs, and brightly colored turbans of plus, had had
Speaker 2: an audience with Royalty, and as the records show, Princess
Speaker 2: Fatima was very pleased as well. Stephen Chatty, as always,
Speaker 2: relished the moment and worked to ingratiate himself to every
Speaker 2: one in the room, which was quite odd behavior for
Speaker 2: a man in uniform. But before any side eyes turned
Speaker 2: into real questions, he was back out the door. Stephen
Speaker 2: stayed on with the princess and telling her that he
Speaker 2: was granted a leave of absence from his job so
Speaker 2: he could be her personal secretary and adviser and her
Speaker 2: physician if she and her sons ever needed one, for
Speaker 2: he also happened to be a medical doctor. It took
Speaker 2: about two months for Fatima to begin articulating her concerns
Speaker 2: about Stephen. The bills weren't adding up, gifts weren't being delivered.
Speaker 2: He seemed to be ghosting her. He was giving her
Speaker 2: conflicting information. Law enforcement realized the Brooklyn address he gave
Speaker 2: the Princess matched that of the city's most notorious serial impostor.
Speaker 2: He was quickly handcuffed and charged for impersonating a naval
Speaker 2: officer and sentenced to two years in prison. Stephen's father
Speaker 2: appealed for psychiatric treatment instead, and Stephen insisted that he
Speaker 2: never committed these impostures out of ballas they stemmed from,
Speaker 2: he said, his manic depressive episodes from which he had
Speaker 2: long suffered. The judge didn't buy this. He thought the
Speaker 2: claim was just another one of Stephen's stories, a creative
Speaker 2: fiction to help him slink through the world and many
Speaker 2: important doors. Like the chameleon he had proven himself to be.
Speaker 2: We can look at Stephen's life as one long piece
Speaker 2: of performance art. We can also admire his stamina. He
Speaker 2: was as crafty as he was beguiling. He dressed for
Speaker 2: every part, he played if imperfectly, and crafted his moves
Speaker 2: around tactical omission. For example, though he claimed to be
Speaker 2: a pilot and he was never seen flying a plane
Speaker 2: as a sanitation expert, he was never down in the trenches.
Speaker 2: He was gregarious, friendly, and nothing but a consummate gentleman.
Speaker 2: He couldn't help, but like the guy. This is exactly
Speaker 2: how silver screenstar Pola Negri felt about a certain physician.
Speaker 2: When her sweetheart, Rudolph Valentino died at a New York hospital.
Speaker 2: She was heartbroken, and when this sweet and concerned doctor
Speaker 2: showed up, she couldn't help but be taken by him.
Speaker 2: Stephen had introduced himself and offered his services in this
Speaker 2: dark moment. He installed himself in an extra bedroom in
Speaker 2: her hotel suite, and there he tended to her. He
Speaker 2: took her temperature and ordered things from the pharmacy. He
Speaker 2: kept her fed and rested. On the day of her
Speaker 2: beloved's funeral, among the throngs of tens of thousands, Stephen
Speaker 2: escorted Pola to Rudolph's casket. He also found time to
Speaker 2: set up a first aid station for folks who might
Speaker 2: be feeling faint of heart, But he was soon recognized.
Speaker 2: After all these years, the police were finally getting hit
Speaker 2: to his jib. Though the con was up, Pola refused
Speaker 2: to press charges. He had never accepted her offer for payment,
Speaker 2: after all, nor had he improperly conducted himself in her presence.
Speaker 2: In fact, as she told the American Medical association multiple
Speaker 2: times when they tried to go after him. He was
Speaker 2: the best doctor she had ever had. This was something,
Speaker 2: of course, that he had always dreamt of being a doctor,
Speaker 2: that old dream dashed early in childhood. It seems, through
Speaker 2: a convoluted route, he had finally made it. Stephen would
Speaker 2: continue to compulsively imposture for the rest of his life.
Speaker 2: It's ironic that his end came in a quiet moment
Speaker 2: of obscurity in older age, in the night time, at
Speaker 2: a thankless job as an anonymous overnight motel clerk. To
Speaker 2: say that he never made anything of himself would be misleading.
Speaker 2: The whole point was to make many things of himself.
Speaker 2: Stephen once told a reporter that, and I quote, one
Speaker 2: man's life is a boring thing. I've lived many lives.
Speaker 2: I'm never bored. There's more to this story. Stick around
Speaker 2: after this brief sponsor break to hear all about it.
Speaker 2: The golden age of the side show had something for everyone,
Speaker 2: and while it was in the habit of promising audiences
Speaker 2: the world's tallest man or oldest woman, Martin Cooney promised
Speaker 2: them a different kind of person, potential future presidents or
Speaker 2: the next great industrialists. All packaged up in the bodies
Speaker 2: of sickly premature babies. Down on the sandy shores of
Speaker 2: Coney Island, Martin and his team of nurses were hard
Speaker 2: at work. Here. Right on the board walk, Martin had
Speaker 2: installed a permanent exhibit he called the Inventorium. Barkers would
Speaker 2: beckon passers by to stop and take a look inside.
Speaker 2: Each season, the babies were hawked to visitors in the
Speaker 2: same way as all of the other spectacles, with a
Speaker 2: quarter to be paid for the price of admission. There
Speaker 2: they'd meet rows of palm sized newborns, bedecked in pink
Speaker 2: and blue and encased in glass. And while some found
Speaker 2: this framing abhorrent, Martin had good reason to draw up
Speaker 2: such an attractive pitch. He was in the business of
Speaker 2: saving the tiniest lives. It cost about fifteen dollars a
Speaker 2: day to care for each baby in the facility. He
Speaker 2: never charged parents for the care of their children, and
Speaker 2: he paid his staff of nurses well, and still he
Speaker 2: had enough money left over to plan his expansion. The
Speaker 2: whole scene felt both fragile and other worldly, and was
Speaker 2: a smash hit among the general public. For many many years,
Speaker 2: Medical professionals often criticized the exhibit and particularly dangerous imitations,
Speaker 2: but the truth was that hospitals weren't able to provide
Speaker 2: the extensive availability of incubators nor the dogged care that
Speaker 2: Martin and his teen did. They were able to provide
Speaker 2: round the clock support and took in the most desperate
Speaker 2: cases in the city if they were lucky. Local hospitals
Speaker 2: might have one incubator, that is, if it was available
Speaker 2: and wasn't prohibitively expensive to operate. In all, he helped
Speaker 2: over sixty five hundred premature babies survive, an eighty five
Speaker 2: percent success rate that pioneered the study of neonatology in America.
Speaker 2: He's considered to be the father of the field, a legend,
Speaker 2: and a lab coat. It might be surprising to hear, then,
Speaker 2: that Martin had no medical life. He is also said
Speaker 2: to have lied about his birthplace and changed his name
Speaker 2: a few times, and created himself anew upon his arrival
Speaker 2: to New York City. It's hard to figure out exactly
Speaker 2: who he was beyond his own telling, which it seems
Speaker 2: changed over the years. What is certain among all of that, though,
Speaker 2: is that he had long been interested in babies, It's
Speaker 2: been said that he studied under French doctor Pierre Constantboudin,
Speaker 2: who pioneered moving incubators from the chicken coop into the hospital.
Speaker 2: This new technology was a hit at the eighteen ninety
Speaker 2: six World's Fair and eventually went on the road with
Speaker 2: Martin at the Helm. He experienced some success on the
Speaker 2: road and had some misses too. It was when he
Speaker 2: arrived at Coney Island, though, that his potential truly ignited,
Speaker 2: and the crowds were so happy to be there to
Speaker 2: look on with their hot dogs and grilled clams. The
Speaker 2: inventorium closed down for good in nineteen forty three. It
Speaker 2: was that year that Cornell Hospital opened up the first
Speaker 2: neonatal unit in the world, which meant that those babies
Speaker 2: and ones who would need care in the future had
Speaker 2: a place where they could go. After Martin, whoever he
Speaker 2: really was, was long gone, and wouldn't you believe it,
Speaker 2: some of these babies, with the truth of Martin's genius,
Speaker 2: grit and kindness at the core of their own story,
Speaker 2: are still alive today.
Speaker 1: American Shadows as hosted by Lauren Vogelbaum. This episode was
Speaker 1: written by Robin Miniter, researched by Taylor Haggerdorn and produced
Speaker 1: by Miranda Hawkins and Trevor Young, with executive producers Aaron Mankey,
Speaker 1: Alex Williams, and Matt Frederick. To learn more about the show,
Speaker 1: visit grimminmile dot com. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit
Speaker 1: the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.