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Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I

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Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey I'm Eves and you're listening to This

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Speaker 1: Day in History Class, a podcast where we bring you

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Speaker 1: a slice of history every day. Today is November. The

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Speaker 1: day was November. Zoombie, an Afro Brazilian leader of the

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Speaker 1: anti slavery resistance in Brazil, was executed by the Portuguese.

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Speaker 1: He has since become a symbol of black freedom. Today,

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Speaker 1: the date of his execution is commemorated in Brazil as

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Speaker 1: Black Awareness Day or Black Consciousness Day. Zombie was born

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Speaker 1: in Palmads in the Portuguese colony of Brazil, and he's

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Speaker 1: believed to be the descendant of the Ivangala warriors in Angola.

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Speaker 1: From the time people began enslaving Africans and sending them

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Speaker 1: to Brazil in the fifteen hundreds, still was the biggest

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Speaker 1: destination for enslaved Africans in the Americas. Africans and their

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Speaker 1: descendants who had escaped slavery in Brazil built maroon settlements

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Speaker 1: known as Mocambo's. A united collection of Mocambo's has been

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Speaker 1: called a Quilombo. Pal Maries, where Zombie was born was

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Speaker 1: a kilombo in the mountains of northeast Brazil that was

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Speaker 1: founded in sixteen o five. Portuguese colonists frequently attacked them,

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Speaker 1: and pal Mades was no exception. A few years after

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Speaker 1: Zombie was born, the Portuguese kidnapped him, and for years

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Speaker 1: he lived in the coastal monastery. He learned Portuguese, Latin

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Speaker 1: and the tenants of Catholicism, but when Zoombie was around

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Speaker 1: fifteen years old, he escaped and returned to pal Marries.

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Speaker 1: At this point, his uncle, Ganga Zoomba was the king

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Speaker 1: of pal Mades. Ganga Zooba appointed Zoobie to a post

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Speaker 1: as a military commander, since Portuguese forces and plantation owners

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Speaker 1: were consistently raiding the settlement. In response, the people of

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Speaker 1: pal Mads conducted raids against the Portuguese, including ones led

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Speaker 1: by Zoombie. They intimidated colonists and captured people enslaved on plantations.

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Speaker 1: Enslaved people who escaped to pal Madus were considered free,

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Speaker 1: but those who were captured at plantations and taken to

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Speaker 1: the colombo were required to work. They could earn their

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Speaker 1: freedom by capturing someone else. Enslaved people who fled pal

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Speaker 1: Modus were punished if they were later recaptured Through this system,

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Speaker 1: Palmdu population grew significantly. The people in Palmdus were farmers, hunters,

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Speaker 1: and fishers. Since they bartered with traders for guns and ammunition,

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Speaker 1: soldiers were well armed. Zoombie gained authority and respect as

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Speaker 1: people recognized his strength, wisdom, and courage in battle. In

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Speaker 1: sixteen seventy eight, the governor of the captain Sea of Fernambuku,

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Speaker 1: Pedro Almeida, negotiated a peace treaty with King Ganga Zoomba.

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Speaker 1: The king agreed to the treaty, but Zoombie did not

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Speaker 1: like its terms, nor did he trust the Portuguese. Zombie

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Speaker 1: rejected the deal and Ganga Zoomba's acceptance of it, and

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Speaker 1: he incited a revolt. Ganga Zoomba was poisoned and died,

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Speaker 1: and Zoombie became king. He continued pal Modicis fight against

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Speaker 1: the Portuguese. Most Colombos did not last long because of

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Speaker 1: Portuguese attacks, but Palomats lasted for nearly a century. Though

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Speaker 1: Zoombie continued the anti Portuguese resistance, the Portuguese aggressively attacked

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Speaker 1: pal Madus, burning the land and overpowering its fighters with

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Speaker 1: their forces. Zoombie was captured and decapitated on November and

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Speaker 1: Palmatus fell. The Portuguese celebrated the defeat and used it

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Speaker 1: to send a message to other resistance fighters who dared

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Speaker 1: to take up arms against them. Brazil was the last

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Speaker 1: nation in the America's to abolish slavery when it did

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Speaker 1: so in eighteen eighty eight. In the centuries after his death,

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Speaker 1: stories about Zombie were passed down in oral traditions, and

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Speaker 1: primary sources related to his history were dug up for

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Speaker 1: Brazilians of African descent. Palm Modus is remembered for its

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Speaker 1: challenge to colonial authority, and Zoombi's legacy is honored as

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Speaker 1: one of heroic resistance. I'm eat stuff Coote and hopefully

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Speaker 1: you know a little more about history today than you

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Speaker 1: did yesterday. If you haven't gotten your fill of history yet,

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